Commit | Line | Data |
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a0d0e21e LW |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | ||
3 | perldiag - various Perl diagnostics | |
4 | ||
5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
6 | ||
7 | These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of | |
8 | desperation): | |
9 | ||
10 | (W) A warning (optional). | |
d1d15184 | 11 | (D) A deprecation (enabled by default). |
00eb3f2b | 12 | (S) A severe warning (enabled by default). |
a0d0e21e LW |
13 | (F) A fatal error (trappable). |
14 | (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable). | |
54310121 | 15 | (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable). |
cb1a09d0 | 16 | (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl). |
a0d0e21e | 17 | |
75b44862 | 18 | The majority of messages from the first three classifications above |
64977eb6 | 19 | (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma. |
e476b1b5 GS |
20 | |
21 | If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning | |
22 | category is included with the classification letter in the description | |
466416ed | 23 | below. E.g. C<(W closed)> means a warning in the C<closed> category. |
e476b1b5 GS |
24 | |
25 | Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w> | |
fa816bf3 | 26 | and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}> |
e476b1b5 GS |
27 | to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead |
28 | of printing it. See L<perlvar>. | |
29 | ||
b7eceb5b | 30 | Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled |
e476b1b5 | 31 | with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch. |
4438c4b7 | 32 | |
748a9306 | 33 | Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See |
4438c4b7 JH |
34 | L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively |
35 | disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma. | |
36 | See L<warnings>. | |
a0d0e21e | 37 | |
6df41af2 GS |
38 | The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or |
39 | lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are | |
40 | denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are | |
41 | ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than | |
42 | letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a | |
43 | letter. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
44 | |
45 | =over 4 | |
46 | ||
6df41af2 | 47 | =item accept() on closed socket %s |
33633739 | 48 | |
be771a83 GS |
49 | (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget |
50 | to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
51 | L<perlfunc/accept>. | |
33633739 | 52 | |
baabe3fb FC |
53 | =item Aliasing via reference is experimental |
54 | ||
55 | (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use | |
56 | a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to | |
57 | alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you | |
58 | want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking | |
59 | the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be | |
60 | removed in a future Perl version: | |
61 | ||
62 | no warnings "experimental::refaliasing"; | |
63 | use feature "refaliasing"; | |
64 | \$x = \$y; | |
65 | ||
de42a5a9 | 66 | =item Allocation too large: %x |
a0d0e21e | 67 | |
6df41af2 | 68 | (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine. |
a0d0e21e | 69 | |
04f74579 | 70 | =item '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s |
ef54e1a4 | 71 | |
1109a392 MHM |
72 | (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only |
73 | after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
ef54e1a4 | 74 | |
74d1b2e4 FC |
75 | =item alpha->numify() is lossy |
76 | ||
77 | (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing | |
78 | information. | |
79 | ||
6df41af2 | 80 | =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use & |
43192e07 | 81 | |
75b44862 | 82 | (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl |
be771a83 GS |
83 | keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling |
84 | one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the | |
85 | subroutine is not imported. | |
43192e07 | 86 | |
6df41af2 GS |
87 | To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand |
88 | before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package. | |
89 | Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's | |
90 | imported with the C<use subs> pragma). | |
43192e07 | 91 | |
6df41af2 | 92 | To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix |
496a33f5 | 93 | on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine |
be771a83 GS |
94 | to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or |
95 | L<attributes>). | |
43192e07 | 96 | |
c2e66d9e GS |
97 | =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator |
98 | ||
99 | (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at | |
100 | all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either | |
101 | first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with | |
102 | C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.) | |
103 | ||
6df41af2 | 104 | =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s |
43192e07 | 105 | |
7c7af292 | 106 | (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the way |
6df41af2 GS |
107 | you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying |
108 | a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration. | |
a0d0e21e | 109 | |
591f5ca2 FC |
110 | =item Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s() |
111 | ||
112 | (S ambiguous) You wrote something like C<-foo>, which might be the | |
113 | string C<"-foo">, or a call to the function C<foo>, negated. If you meant | |
114 | the string, just write C<"-foo">. If you meant the function call, | |
115 | write C<-foo()>. | |
116 | ||
d8225693 JM |
117 | =item Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c |
118 | ||
7c7af292 | 119 | (S ambiguous) C<%>, C<&>, and C<*> are both infix operators (modulus, |
3303f755 FC |
120 | bitwise and, and multiplication) I<and> initial special characters |
121 | (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said something | |
122 | like C<*foo * foo> that might be interpreted as either of them. We | |
123 | assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to make it more | |
124 | clear -- in the example given, you might write C<*foo * foo()> if you | |
125 | really meant to multiply a glob by the result of calling a function. | |
d8225693 | 126 | |
1ef43bca JM |
127 | =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s |
128 | ||
129 | (W ambiguous) You wrote something like C<@{foo}>, which might be | |
130 | asking for the variable C<@foo>, or it might be calling a function | |
131 | named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you wanted | |
1cecf2c0 | 132 | the variable, you can just write C<@foo>. If you wanted to call the |
1ef43bca JM |
133 | function, write C<@{foo()}> ... or you could just not have a variable |
134 | and a function with the same name, and save yourself a lot of trouble. | |
135 | ||
e850844c FC |
136 | =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...] |
137 | ||
138 | =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...} | |
4da60377 | 139 | |
fa816bf3 FC |
140 | (W ambiguous) You wrote something like C<${foo[2]}> (where foo represents |
141 | the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for element number | |
142 | 2 of the array named C<@foo>, in which case please write C<$foo[2]>, or you | |
143 | might have meant to pass an anonymous arrayref to the function named | |
144 | foo, and then do a scalar deref on the value it returns. If you meant | |
145 | that, write C<${foo([2])}>. | |
ccaaf480 FC |
146 | |
147 | In regular expressions, the C<${foo[2]}> syntax is sometimes necessary | |
148 | to disambiguate between array subscripts and character classes. | |
fa816bf3 FC |
149 | C</$length[2345]/>, for instance, will be interpreted as C<$length> followed |
150 | by the character class C<[2345]>. If an array subscript is what you | |
151 | want, you can avoid the warning by changing C</${length[2345]}/> to the | |
152 | unsightly C</${\$length[2345]}/>, by renaming your array to something | |
153 | that does not coincide with a built-in keyword, or by simply turning | |
154 | off warnings with C<no warnings 'ambiguous';>. | |
4da60377 | 155 | |
6df41af2 | 156 | =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line |
a0d0e21e | 157 | |
be771a83 GS |
158 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
159 | redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to | |
160 | redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please. | |
c9f97d15 | 161 | |
6df41af2 | 162 | =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line |
1028017a | 163 | |
be771a83 GS |
164 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
165 | redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and | |
166 | into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other, | |
167 | though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script | |
168 | which 'splits' output into two streams, such as | |
1028017a | 169 | |
6df41af2 GS |
170 | open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!"; |
171 | while (<STDIN>) { | |
172 | print; | |
173 | print OUT; | |
174 | } | |
175 | close OUT; | |
c9f97d15 | 176 | |
6df41af2 | 177 | =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s) |
eb6e2d6f | 178 | |
496a33f5 SC |
179 | (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and |
180 | transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply | |
be771a83 | 181 | one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to |
ac036724 | 182 | a scalar value (the length of an array, or the population info of a |
183 | hash) and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what | |
be771a83 GS |
184 | you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for |
185 | alternatives. | |
eb6e2d6f | 186 | |
6df41af2 | 187 | =item Arg too short for msgsnd |
76cd736e | 188 | |
6df41af2 | 189 | (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long). |
76cd736e | 190 | |
f86702cc | 191 | =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s |
a0d0e21e | 192 | |
be771a83 GS |
193 | (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator |
194 | that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message | |
195 | will identify which operator was so unfortunate. | |
a0d0e21e | 196 | |
98a44ad2 JH |
197 | Note that for the C<Inf> and C<NaN> (infinity and not-a-number) the |
198 | definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves | |
199 | (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is | |
200 | considered non-numeric. | |
201 | ||
b4581f09 JH |
202 | =item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s" |
203 | ||
a534ac11 FC |
204 | (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O |
205 | system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers | |
206 | take care of transforming data between external and internal | |
207 | representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this | |
208 | point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program | |
209 | didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the | |
210 | result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO. | |
b4581f09 | 211 | |
3f7602fa TC |
212 | =item Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++) |
213 | ||
214 | (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the C<++> | |
215 | operator which expects either a number or a string matching | |
216 | C</^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/>. See L<perlop/Auto-increment and | |
217 | Auto-decrement> for details. | |
218 | ||
637494ac | 219 | =item Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s |
3c3c69d8 TC |
220 | |
221 | (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be | |
222 | coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array. | |
223 | ||
b913d0b8 FC |
224 | =item A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%' |
225 | ||
226 | (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with a valid | |
227 | sigil; for example: | |
228 | ||
229 | sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {} | |
230 | ||
231 | =item A slurpy parameter may not have a default value | |
232 | ||
233 | (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default value; | |
234 | for example: | |
235 | ||
236 | sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal | |
237 | sub foo (@a = (1)) {} # invalid | |
238 | sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid | |
239 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
240 | =item assertion botched: %s |
241 | ||
21b5e840 | 242 | (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure. |
a0d0e21e | 243 | |
0eacef8e | 244 | =item Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d |
a0d0e21e | 245 | |
21b5e840 | 246 | (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined. |
a0d0e21e | 247 | |
1f8155a2 FC |
248 | =item Assigned value is not a reference |
249 | ||
250 | (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an lvalue | |
251 | reference (e.g., C<\$x = $y>). If you meant to make $x an alias to $y, use | |
252 | C<\$x = \$y>. | |
253 | ||
254 | =item Assigned value is not %s reference | |
255 | ||
baabe3fb FC |
256 | (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but the |
257 | two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a scalar to | |
258 | an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must match. | |
1f8155a2 FC |
259 | |
260 | \$x = \@y; # error | |
261 | \@x = \%y; # error | |
262 | $y = []; | |
263 | \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y? | |
264 | ||
82122228 FC |
265 | =item Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible |
266 | ||
7d345e3d FC |
267 | (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., under C<use v5.16;>) |
268 | the special variable C<$[>, which is deprecated, is now a fixed zero value. | |
82122228 | 269 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
270 | =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar |
271 | ||
272 | (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments | |
273 | must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't | |
274 | know which context to supply to the right side. | |
275 | ||
46d34d0e KW |
276 | =item Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
277 | ||
278 | (W regexp) You had something like these: | |
279 | ||
280 | [[:alnum]] | |
281 | [[:digit:xyz] | |
282 | ||
283 | They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes | |
284 | C<[:alnum:]> or C<[:digit:]>. If so, they should be written: | |
285 | ||
286 | [[:alnum:]] | |
287 | [[:digit:]xyz] | |
288 | ||
289 | Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal | |
290 | bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter. In the | |
291 | first example, it matches the characters C<":">, C<"[">, C<"a">, C<"l">, | |
292 | C<"m">, C<"n">, and C<"u">. | |
293 | ||
294 | If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is | |
295 | spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as | |
296 | ||
297 | [[al:num]] | |
298 | ||
299 | or | |
300 | ||
301 | [[:munla]] | |
302 | ||
f51551f7 FC |
303 | =item <> at require-statement should be quotes |
304 | ||
305 | (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written | |
306 | C<require 'file'>. | |
307 | ||
2393f1b9 | 308 | =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash |
1b1f1335 | 309 | |
49293501 | 310 | (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in |
2393f1b9 | 311 | the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash. |
49293501 | 312 | |
dcdfe746 FC |
313 | =item Attempt to bless into a freed package |
314 | ||
315 | (F) You wrote C<bless $foo> with one argument after somehow causing | |
316 | the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to | |
317 | do, so it throws up in hands in despair. | |
318 | ||
81689caa HS |
319 | =item Attempt to bless into a reference |
320 | ||
321 | (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be | |
57dedab9 | 322 | the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've |
81689caa HS |
323 | supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote |
324 | ||
325 | bless $self, $proto; | |
326 | ||
327 | when you intended | |
328 | ||
329 | bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto; | |
330 | ||
331 | If you actually want to bless into the stringified version | |
332 | of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for | |
333 | example by: | |
334 | ||
335 | bless $self, "$proto"; | |
336 | ||
a730510a FC |
337 | =item Attempt to clear deleted array |
338 | ||
339 | (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed. | |
340 | Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This | |
341 | can also happen if XS code calls C<av_clear> from a custom magic | |
342 | callback on the array. | |
343 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
344 | =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash |
345 | ||
346 | (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key | |
347 | which is not in its key set. | |
348 | ||
349 | =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash | |
350 | ||
351 | (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been | |
352 | declared readonly from a restricted hash. | |
353 | ||
de42a5a9 | 354 | =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x |
a0d0e21e | 355 | |
f84fe999 | 356 | (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas |
be771a83 GS |
357 | that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be |
358 | outside any of those arenas. | |
a0d0e21e | 359 | |
12578ffb | 360 | =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s |
bbce6d69 | 361 | |
f84fe999 | 362 | (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of |
be771a83 GS |
363 | strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other |
364 | strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count | |
365 | of a string that can no longer be found in the table. | |
bbce6d69 | 366 | |
7d5b40b4 | 367 | =item Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x |
a0d0e21e | 368 | |
f84fe999 | 369 | (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the |
be771a83 GS |
370 | free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the |
371 | SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the | |
372 | free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does | |
373 | try to free it. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
374 | |
375 | =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers | |
376 | ||
f84fe999 | 377 | (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases. |
a0d0e21e | 378 | |
7d5b40b4 | 379 | =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x |
a0d0e21e | 380 | |
8f7e4d2c | 381 | (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to |
be771a83 GS |
382 | see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 |
383 | earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. | |
384 | This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or | |
385 | that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was | |
386 | mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been | |
387 | corrupted. | |
a0d0e21e | 388 | |
84902520 TB |
389 | =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value |
390 | ||
be771a83 GS |
391 | (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a |
392 | function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This | |
393 | means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become | |
394 | invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use | |
395 | literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to | |
396 | avoid this warning. | |
84902520 | 397 | |
087b5369 RD |
398 | =item Attempt to reload %s aborted. |
399 | ||
400 | (F) You tried to load a file with C<use> or C<require> that failed to | |
401 | compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again | |
402 | unless you delete its entry from %INC. See L<perlfunc/require> and | |
403 | L<perlvar/%INC>. | |
404 | ||
1b20cd17 NC |
405 | =item Attempt to set length of freed array |
406 | ||
0c5c527f FC |
407 | (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has |
408 | been freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the | |
409 | scalar representing the last index of an array and later | |
410 | assigning through that reference. For example | |
1b20cd17 NC |
411 | |
412 | $r = do {my @a; \$#a}; | |
413 | $$r = 503 | |
414 | ||
b7a902f4 | 415 | =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr |
416 | ||
be771a83 GS |
417 | (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() |
418 | used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to | |
419 | dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>. | |
b7a902f4 | 420 | |
591f5ca2 FC |
421 | =item Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same sub |
422 | ||
423 | (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) : prototype(B) {}, for | |
424 | example. Since each sub can only have one prototype, the earlier | |
425 | declaration(s) are discarded while the last one is applied. | |
426 | ||
ccce04a4 FC |
427 | =item av_reify called on tied array |
428 | ||
429 | (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got I<very> | |
430 | confused about C<@_> or C<@DB::args> being tied. | |
431 | ||
de42a5a9 | 432 | =item Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d |
a0d0e21e | 433 | |
be771a83 GS |
434 | (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl() |
435 | or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively, | |
5f05dabc | 436 | S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and |
a0d0e21e LW |
437 | S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>. |
438 | ||
7a95317d GS |
439 | =item Bad evalled substitution pattern |
440 | ||
496a33f5 | 441 | (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a |
7a95317d GS |
442 | substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate, |
443 | most likely an unexpected right brace '}'. | |
444 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
445 | =item Bad filehandle: %s |
446 | ||
be771a83 GS |
447 | (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the |
448 | symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an | |
449 | open(), or did it in another package. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
450 | |
451 | =item Bad free() ignored | |
452 | ||
be771a83 | 453 | (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never |
fa816bf3 | 454 | been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by |
9ea8bc6d | 455 | setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0. |
33c8a3fe | 456 | |
9ea8bc6d | 457 | This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard" |
6903afa2 | 458 | dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB> |
be771a83 | 459 | which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc(). |
a0d0e21e | 460 | |
aa689395 | 461 | =item Bad hash |
462 | ||
463 | (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer. | |
464 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
465 | =item Badly placed ()'s |
466 | ||
467 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead | |
468 | of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into | |
469 | Perl yourself. | |
470 | ||
a7cb8dae | 471 | =item Bad name after %s |
a0d0e21e | 472 | |
be771a83 GS |
473 | (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then |
474 | didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside | |
475 | of quotes, so | |
a0d0e21e LW |
476 | |
477 | $var = 'myvar'; | |
478 | $sym = mypack::$var; | |
479 | ||
480 | is not the same as | |
481 | ||
482 | $var = 'myvar'; | |
483 | $sym = "mypack::$var"; | |
484 | ||
88e1f1a2 JV |
485 | =item Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s' |
486 | ||
487 | (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the | |
488 | plugin API. | |
489 | ||
4ad56ec9 IZ |
490 | =item Bad realloc() ignored |
491 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
492 | (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that |
493 | had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can | |
494 | be disabled by setting the environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1. | |
4ad56ec9 | 495 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
496 | =item Bad symbol for array |
497 | ||
498 | (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that | |
499 | wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
500 | ||
4df3f177 SP |
501 | =item Bad symbol for dirhandle |
502 | ||
503 | (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something | |
504 | that wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
505 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
506 | =item Bad symbol for filehandle |
507 | ||
be771a83 GS |
508 | (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something |
509 | that wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
510 | |
511 | =item Bad symbol for hash | |
512 | ||
513 | (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that | |
514 | wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
515 | ||
e6d55c99 FC |
516 | =item Bad symbol for scalar |
517 | ||
518 | (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something that | |
519 | wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
520 | ||
34d09196 GS |
521 | =item Bareword found in conditional |
522 | ||
be771a83 GS |
523 | (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a |
524 | conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part | |
525 | of the last argument of the previous construct, for example: | |
34d09196 GS |
526 | |
527 | open FOO || die; | |
528 | ||
be771a83 GS |
529 | It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as |
530 | a bareword: | |
34d09196 GS |
531 | |
532 | use constant TYPO => 1; | |
533 | if (TYOP) { print "foo" } | |
534 | ||
535 | The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors. | |
536 | ||
a52f2cce NC |
537 | =item Bareword in require contains "%s" |
538 | ||
a52f2cce NC |
539 | =item Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s" |
540 | ||
09eb1f39 | 541 | =item Bareword in require maps to empty filename |
5bad2b39 | 542 | |
a52f2cce | 543 | (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename which could |
d4e5761f | 544 | not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted by the parser. You |
a52f2cce NC |
545 | shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl code, but XS code may throw it |
546 | if it passes an invalid module name to C<Perl_load_module>. | |
547 | ||
5bad2b39 DM |
548 | =item Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s" |
549 | ||
550 | (F) In C<require Bare::Word>, the bareword is not allowed to start with a | |
d4e5761f | 551 | double-colon. Write C<require ::Foo::Bar> as C<require Foo::Bar> instead. |
5bad2b39 | 552 | |
6df41af2 GS |
553 | =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use |
554 | ||
555 | (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a | |
be771a83 GS |
556 | subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>" |
557 | symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine? | |
6df41af2 GS |
558 | |
559 | =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package | |
560 | ||
be771a83 GS |
561 | (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the |
562 | compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps | |
563 | you need to predeclare a package? | |
6df41af2 | 564 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
565 | =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted |
566 | ||
be771a83 GS |
567 | (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN |
568 | subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is | |
569 | exited. | |
a0d0e21e | 570 | |
68dc0745 | 571 | =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted |
572 | ||
573 | (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which | |
be771a83 GS |
574 | implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already |
575 | occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not | |
576 | be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely | |
577 | depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up. | |
68dc0745 | 578 | |
c782d7ee | 579 | =item \%d better written as $%d |
6df41af2 | 580 | |
be771a83 GS |
581 | (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. |
582 | The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a | |
583 | substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form | |
584 | because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if | |
585 | there are more than 9 backreferences. | |
6df41af2 | 586 | |
252aa082 JH |
587 | =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable |
588 | ||
e476b1b5 | 589 | (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 |
9e24b6e2 JH |
590 | (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See |
591 | L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. | |
252aa082 | 592 | |
69282e91 | 593 | =item bind() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 594 | |
be771a83 GS |
595 | (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to |
596 | check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>. | |
a0d0e21e | 597 | |
c289d2f7 JH |
598 | =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s |
599 | ||
600 | (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened. | |
4dcecea4 | 601 | Check your control flow and number of arguments. |
c289d2f7 | 602 | |
c5a0f51a JH |
603 | =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable |
604 | ||
e476b1b5 | 605 | (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable. |
c5a0f51a | 606 | |
043c750c | 607 | =item Bizarre copy of %s |
4633a7c4 | 608 | |
be771a83 | 609 | (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not |
ab830aa0 | 610 | copiable. |
4633a7c4 | 611 | |
5a25739d FC |
612 | =item Bizarre SvTYPE [%d] |
613 | ||
434f489b | 614 | (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread, Perl |
5a25739d FC |
615 | encountered an invalid data type. |
616 | ||
b927b7e9 | 617 | =item Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by |
6e8a73f2 | 618 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b927b7e9 KW |
619 | |
620 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>> or within C<(?[...])>) | |
621 | ||
622 | In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you | |
623 | had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using C<\N{}>, and | |
624 | the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism. Perl treats | |
625 | the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the characters in it are | |
626 | considered to be the Unicode characters, and which may be different code | |
627 | points on some platforms Perl runs on. For example, C<[\N{U+06}-\x08]> | |
628 | is treated as if you had instead said C<[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]>, that is it | |
629 | matches the characters whose code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8. | |
630 | But that C<\x08> might indicate that you meant something different, so | |
631 | the warning gets raised. | |
632 | ||
f675dbe5 CB |
633 | =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s |
634 | ||
be771a83 GS |
635 | (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to |
636 | iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition | |
637 | which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown. | |
f675dbe5 | 638 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
639 | =item Callback called exit |
640 | ||
4929bf7b | 641 | (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv() |
a0d0e21e LW |
642 | exited by calling exit. |
643 | ||
6df41af2 | 644 | =item %s() called too early to check prototype |
f675dbe5 | 645 | |
be771a83 GS |
646 | (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the |
647 | parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check | |
648 | that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an | |
649 | early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the | |
650 | subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype | |
651 | checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the | |
652 | function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid | |
653 | the warning. See L<perlsub>. | |
f675dbe5 | 654 | |
0c7df902 JH |
655 | =item Cannot chr %f |
656 | ||
657 | (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number) to C<chr>. | |
658 | ||
1b4d0d79 TC |
659 | =item Cannot complete in-place edit of %s: %s |
660 | ||
661 | (F) Your perl script appears to have changed directory while | |
662 | performing an in-place edit of a file specified by a relative path, | |
663 | and your system doesn't include the directory relative POSIX functions | |
664 | needed to handle that. | |
665 | ||
5dee29d4 | 666 | =item Cannot compress %f in pack |
0c7df902 | 667 | |
5dee29d4 JH |
668 | (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an unsigned |
669 | integer with BER, which makes no sense. | |
0c7df902 | 670 | |
49704364 | 671 | =item Cannot compress integer in pack |
0258719b | 672 | |
717feafc JH |
673 | (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. |
674 | The BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive | |
675 | integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (> 1e308). | |
676 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
0258719b | 677 | |
49704364 | 678 | =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack |
0258719b NC |
679 | |
680 | (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer | |
681 | format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
682 | ||
5c1f4d79 NC |
683 | =item Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob |
684 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
685 | (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference |
686 | in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax. | |
687 | The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is | |
688 | no legal conversion from that type of reference to a typeglob. | |
5c1f4d79 | 689 | |
4040665a | 690 | =item Cannot copy to %s |
ba2fdce6 NC |
691 | |
692 | (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot | |
4dcecea4 | 693 | be directly assigned to. |
ba2fdce6 | 694 | |
b5d97229 RGS |
695 | =item Cannot find encoding "%s" |
696 | ||
697 | (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a filehandle, | |
698 | either with open() or binmode(). | |
699 | ||
714f94d1 FC |
700 | =item Cannot open %s as a dirhandle: it is already open as a filehandle |
701 | ||
702 | (F) You tried to use opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a symbol (glob | |
703 | or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. Since this idiom might render | |
704 | your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10. As of Perl 5.28, it | |
705 | is a fatal error. | |
706 | ||
707 | =item Cannot open %s as a filehandle: it is already open as a dirhandle | |
708 | ||
709 | (F) You tried to use open() to associate a filehandle to a symbol (glob | |
710 | or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. Since this idiom might render | |
711 | your code confusing, it was deprecated in Perl 5.10. As of Perl 5.28, it | |
712 | is a fatal error. | |
713 | ||
0c7df902 JH |
714 | =item Cannot pack %f with '%c' |
715 | ||
5dee29d4 | 716 | (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer, |
0c7df902 JH |
717 | which makes no sense. |
718 | ||
719 | =item Cannot printf %f with '%c' | |
720 | ||
721 | (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character (%c), | |
722 | which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just stringifying it? | |
723 | ||
7355df7e FC |
724 | =item Cannot set tied @DB::args |
725 | ||
726 | (F) C<caller> tried to set C<@DB::args>, but found it tied. Tying C<@DB::args> | |
727 | is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used to crash.) | |
728 | ||
ce65bc73 FC |
729 | =item Cannot tie unreifiable array |
730 | ||
731 | (P) You somehow managed to call C<tie> on an array that does not | |
732 | keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to | |
733 | do so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to | |
734 | Perl code, but are only used internally. | |
735 | ||
46e58bd2 AC |
736 | =item Cannot yet reorder sv_catpvfn() arguments from va_list |
737 | ||
738 | (F) Some XS code tried to use C<sv_catpvfn()> or a related function with a | |
739 | format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of the elements, and | |
d4e5761f FC |
740 | using a C-style variable-argument list (a C<va_list>). This is not currently |
741 | supported. XS authors wanting to do this must instead construct a C array | |
742 | of C<SV*> scalars containing the arguments. | |
46e58bd2 | 743 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
744 | =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack |
745 | ||
746 | (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed | |
747 | integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted | |
748 | to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
749 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
750 | =item Can't bless non-reference value |
751 | ||
752 | (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces" | |
753 | encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>. | |
754 | ||
dc57907a RGS |
755 | =item Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer |
756 | ||
0d863452 | 757 | (F) You called C<break>, but you're in a C<foreach> block rather than |
6903afa2 | 758 | a C<given> block. You probably meant to use C<next> or C<last>. |
0d863452 RH |
759 | |
760 | =item Can't "break" outside a given block | |
dc57907a | 761 | |
0d863452 RH |
762 | (F) You called C<break>, but you're not inside a C<given> block. |
763 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
764 | =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value |
765 | ||
766 | (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the | |
be771a83 GS |
767 | object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something |
768 | like this will reproduce the error: | |
6df41af2 GS |
769 | |
770 | $BADREF = undef; | |
771 | process $BADREF 1,2,3; | |
772 | $BADREF->process(1,2,3); | |
773 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
774 | =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference |
775 | ||
54310121 | 776 | (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It |
be771a83 GS |
777 | ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you |
778 | didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an | |
779 | object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
780 | |
781 | =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference | |
782 | ||
783 | (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the | |
be771a83 GS |
784 | object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a |
785 | defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name. | |
72b5445b GS |
786 | Something like this will reproduce the error: |
787 | ||
788 | $BADREF = 42; | |
789 | process $BADREF 1,2,3; | |
790 | $BADREF->process(1,2,3); | |
791 | ||
dfe378f1 FC |
792 | =item Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table |
793 | ||
794 | (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a | |
795 | symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches. | |
796 | ||
2bf7e7b2 FC |
797 | =item Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table |
798 | ||
799 | (F) An XS module tried to call C<mro_method_changed_in> on a hash that was | |
800 | not attached to the symbol table. | |
801 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
802 | =item Can't chdir to %s |
803 | ||
f703fc96 | 804 | (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but F</foo/bar> is not a directory |
a0d0e21e LW |
805 | that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist. |
806 | ||
0545a864 | 807 | =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid |
104d25b7 | 808 | |
be771a83 GS |
809 | (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for |
810 | nosuid. | |
104d25b7 | 811 | |
22e74366 | 812 | =item Can't coerce %s to %s in %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
813 | |
814 | (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries | |
55497cff | 815 | (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't |
a0d0e21e LW |
816 | say things like: |
817 | ||
818 | *foo += 1; | |
819 | ||
820 | You CAN say | |
821 | ||
822 | $foo = *foo; | |
823 | $foo += 1; | |
824 | ||
825 | but then $foo no longer contains a glob. | |
826 | ||
0d863452 | 827 | =item Can't "continue" outside a when block |
dc57907a | 828 | |
0d863452 RH |
829 | (F) You called C<continue>, but you're not inside a C<when> |
830 | or C<default> block. | |
831 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
832 | =item Can't create pipe mailbox |
833 | ||
be771a83 GS |
834 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted |
835 | quotas or other plumbing problems. | |
a0d0e21e | 836 | |
eb64745e GS |
837 | =item Can't declare %s in "%s" |
838 | ||
30c282f6 NC |
839 | (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my", "our" or |
840 | "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names. | |
a0d0e21e | 841 | |
fc7debfb FC |
842 | =item Can't "default" outside a topicalizer |
843 | ||
844 | (F) You have used a C<default> block that is neither inside a | |
845 | C<foreach> loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is | |
846 | issued on exit from the C<default> block, so you won't get the | |
847 | error if you use an explicit C<continue>.) | |
848 | ||
1e85b658 DM |
849 | =item Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming BASEOP |
850 | ||
851 | (S) This warning indicates something wrong in the internals of perl. | |
852 | Perl was trying to find the class (e.g. LISTOP) of a particular OP, | |
853 | and was unable to do so. This is likely to be due to a bug in the perl | |
854 | internals, or due to a bug in XS code which manipulates perl optrees. | |
855 | ||
a2162cd9 FC |
856 | =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file |
857 | ||
858 | (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as | |
859 | a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was ignored. | |
860 | ||
861 | =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s | |
862 | ||
863 | (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated | |
864 | reason. | |
865 | ||
866 | =item Can't do inplace edit without backup | |
867 | ||
868 | (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try | |
869 | reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say | |
870 | C<-i.bak>, or some such. | |
871 | ||
872 | =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique | |
873 | ||
874 | (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14 | |
875 | characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during | |
876 | inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored. | |
877 | ||
ab0b796c KW |
878 | =item Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s". |
879 | ||
880 | (W locale) You are 1) running under "C<use locale>"; 2) the current | |
881 | locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-change | |
882 | operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the result of this | |
883 | operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which likely conflict. | |
884 | Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so the operation was not | |
885 | done; instead the result is the indicated value, which is the best | |
886 | available that uses entirely Unicode rules. That turns out to almost | |
887 | always be the original character, unchanged. | |
888 | ||
889 | It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode, and | |
890 | this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised when | |
891 | Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this operation to | |
892 | contain a character that is in the range specified by the locale, | |
893 | 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not Unicode's. | |
894 | ||
895 | If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to things | |
896 | like its numeric and time formatting (and not C<LC_CTYPE>), consider | |
897 | using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see L<perllocale/The "use | |
898 | locale" pragma>) like "S<C<use locale ':not_characters'>>". | |
899 | ||
900 | Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of | |
901 | case-insensitive C</i> regular expression matching will show up in this | |
902 | warning as having the C<fc> operation (as that is what the regular | |
903 | expression engine calls behind the scenes.) | |
904 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
905 | =item Can't do waitpid with flags |
906 | ||
be771a83 GS |
907 | (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only |
908 | waitpid() without flags is emulated. | |
a0d0e21e | 909 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
910 | =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line |
911 | ||
be771a83 GS |
912 | (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this |
913 | point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #! | |
914 | line. | |
a0d0e21e | 915 | |
1109a392 MHM |
916 | =item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform |
917 | ||
918 | (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian, | |
919 | or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or | |
920 | little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible. | |
921 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
922 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
923 | =item Can't exec "%s": %s |
924 | ||
d1be9408 | 925 | (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the |
be771a83 GS |
926 | named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the |
927 | permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in | |
928 | C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another | |
929 | architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that | |
930 | can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support | |
931 | #! at all.) | |
a0d0e21e LW |
932 | |
933 | =item Can't exec %s | |
934 | ||
be771a83 GS |
935 | (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because |
936 | that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may | |
937 | need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
938 | |
939 | =item Can't execute %s | |
940 | ||
be771a83 GS |
941 | (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute |
942 | found in the PATH did not have correct permissions. | |
2a92aaa0 | 943 | |
6df41af2 | 944 | =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s" |
2a92aaa0 | 945 | |
be771a83 GS |
946 | (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there |
947 | is no builtin with the name C<word>. | |
6df41af2 GS |
948 | |
949 | =item Can't find label %s | |
950 | ||
be771a83 GS |
951 | (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's |
952 | possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
2a92aaa0 GS |
953 | |
954 | =item Can't find %s on PATH | |
955 | ||
be771a83 GS |
956 | (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be |
957 | found in the PATH. | |
a0d0e21e | 958 | |
6df41af2 | 959 | =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH |
a0d0e21e | 960 | |
be771a83 GS |
961 | (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be |
962 | found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The | |
963 | script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
964 | |
965 | =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF | |
966 | ||
be771a83 GS |
967 | (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means |
968 | that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count | |
969 | nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis: | |
a0d0e21e | 970 | |
fb73857a | 971 | print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.); |
972 | ||
97b3d10f | 973 | If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have |
b6b8cb97 FC |
974 | included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or there |
975 | may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor will have | |
976 | a way to help you find these characters (or lack of characters). See | |
977 | L<perlop> for the full details on here-documents. | |
a0d0e21e | 978 | |
660a4616 TS |
979 | =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" |
980 | ||
29f52644 KW |
981 | =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ |
982 | ||
983 | (F) The named property which you specified via C<\p> or C<\P> is not one | |
984 | known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See | |
e1b711da | 985 | L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}> |
29f52644 KW |
986 | for a complete list of available official |
987 | properties. If it is a | |
988 | L<user-defined property|perlunicode/User-Defined Character Properties> | |
989 | it must have been defined by the time the regular expression is | |
990 | matched. | |
991 | ||
992 | If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either | |
993 | by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, or | |
5f8ad6b6 | 994 | until C<\E>). |
660a4616 | 995 | |
b3647a36 | 996 | =item Can't fork: %s |
a0d0e21e | 997 | |
be771a83 GS |
998 | (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a |
999 | pipeline. | |
a0d0e21e | 1000 | |
b3647a36 SR |
1001 | =item Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds |
1002 | ||
c973c02e | 1003 | (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be retried |
b3647a36 SR |
1004 | after five seconds. |
1005 | ||
748a9306 LW |
1006 | =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer? |
1007 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1008 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference |
1009 | between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes. | |
1010 | Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in | |
1011 | the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into | |
1012 | account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all | |
1013 | the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to | |
2fe2bdfd | 1014 | the access-checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using |
be771a83 GS |
1015 | the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only |
1016 | if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, | |
1017 | because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning | |
2fe2bdfd FC |
1018 | appears, the name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up |
1019 | and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-checking | |
be771a83 GS |
1020 | routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you |
1021 | shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises | |
1022 | only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.) | |
748a9306 | 1023 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1024 | =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name |
1025 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1026 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a |
1027 | pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1028 | |
1029 | =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF | |
1030 | ||
748a9306 LW |
1031 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your |
1032 | mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer. | |
a0d0e21e | 1033 | |
6df41af2 | 1034 | =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop |
a0d0e21e | 1035 | |
be771a83 GS |
1036 | (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach |
1037 | loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
6df41af2 GS |
1038 | |
1039 | =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block | |
1040 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1041 | (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like |
1042 | a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if | |
1043 | you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no. | |
1044 | See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
a0d0e21e | 1045 | |
5a25739d FC |
1046 | =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s |
1047 | ||
1048 | (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval | |
1049 | "string" or block. | |
1050 | ||
9850bf21 | 1051 | =item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback) |
cd299c6e | 1052 | |
9850bf21 RH |
1053 | (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the |
1054 | comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such | |
1055 | as the reduce() function in List::Util). | |
1056 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1057 | =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine |
1058 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1059 | (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one |
1060 | subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole | |
1061 | cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD | |
1062 | routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
6df41af2 | 1063 | |
0b5b802d GS |
1064 | =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default |
1065 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1066 | (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD |
1067 | signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this | |
1068 | signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child | |
1069 | processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This | |
1070 | situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl | |
1071 | may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless. | |
0b5b802d | 1072 | |
e2c0f81f DG |
1073 | =item Can't kill a non-numeric process ID |
1074 | ||
1075 | (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal error to | |
1076 | attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise non-numeric | |
1077 | process identifier. | |
1078 | ||
6df41af2 | 1079 | =item Can't "last" outside a loop block |
4633a7c4 | 1080 | |
6df41af2 | 1081 | (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block, |
be771a83 GS |
1082 | except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current |
1083 | block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish" | |
1084 | block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can | |
1085 | usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the | |
1086 | inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See | |
1087 | L<perlfunc/last>. | |
4633a7c4 | 1088 | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
1089 | =item Can't linearize anonymous symbol table |
1090 | ||
1091 | (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a | |
1092 | package, but failed because the package stash has no name. | |
1093 | ||
b8170e59 JB |
1094 | =item Can't load '%s' for module %s |
1095 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
1096 | (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. |
1097 | This may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one | |
1098 | that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known | |
1099 | to happen between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your | |
1100 | dynamic extension was built against an older version of the library | |
1101 | that is installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old | |
1102 | dynamic extensions. | |
b8170e59 | 1103 | |
748a9306 LW |
1104 | =item Can't localize lexical variable %s |
1105 | ||
2ba9eb46 | 1106 | (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a |
b7e4ecc1 FC |
1107 | lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed. If you |
1108 | want to localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with | |
1109 | the package name. | |
748a9306 | 1110 | |
6df41af2 | 1111 | =item Can't localize through a reference |
4727527e | 1112 | |
6df41af2 GS |
1113 | (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently |
1114 | handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref | |
be771a83 | 1115 | pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure |
64977eb6 | 1116 | that $ref will still be a reference. |
4727527e | 1117 | |
ea071790 | 1118 | =item Can't locate %s |
ec889f3a | 1119 | |
fa816bf3 FC |
1120 | (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be found. |
1121 | Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC, unless | |
1122 | the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you need | |
1123 | to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where the | |
1124 | extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name | |
be771a83 GS |
1125 | to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See |
1126 | L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>. | |
a0d0e21e | 1127 | |
6df41af2 GS |
1128 | =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC |
1129 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1130 | (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows |
1131 | autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes | |
1132 | are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> | |
1133 | the file, say, by doing C<make install>. | |
6df41af2 | 1134 | |
b8170e59 JB |
1135 | =item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC |
1136 | ||
1137 | (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like | |
d70d8e57 | 1138 | for example, F<foo.so> or F<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was |
b8170e59 JB |
1139 | unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>. |
1140 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1141 | =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" |
1142 | ||
1143 | (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package | |
1144 | functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular | |
2ba9eb46 | 1145 | method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>. |
a0d0e21e | 1146 | |
8af56b9d FC |
1147 | =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot |
1148 | to load "%s"?) | |
1149 | ||
1150 | (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the method | |
1151 | could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a method | |
1152 | requires a package that has not been loaded. | |
1153 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1154 | =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA |
1155 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1156 | (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that |
1157 | doesn't seem to exist. | |
a0d0e21e | 1158 | |
2f7da168 RK |
1159 | =item Can't locate PerlIO%s |
1160 | ||
1161 | (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist, | |
1162 | e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile"). | |
1163 | ||
f4ad53f4 | 1164 | =item Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system |
3e3baf6d | 1165 | |
be771a83 GS |
1166 | (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably |
1167 | VMS. | |
3e3baf6d | 1168 | |
cd40cd58 NC |
1169 | =item Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s |
1170 | ||
ff9c1ae8 | 1171 | (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to request |
cd40cd58 NC |
1172 | that symbols from the stated file are made available globally within the |
1173 | process, but that functionality is not available on this platform. Whilst | |
1174 | the module likely will still work, this may prevent the perl interpreter | |
1175 | from loading other XS-based extensions which need to link directly to | |
1176 | functions defined in the C or XS code in the stated file. | |
1177 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1178 | =item Can't modify %s in %s |
1179 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1180 | (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try |
1181 | to change it, such as with an auto-increment. | |
a0d0e21e | 1182 | |
54310121 | 1183 | =item Can't modify nonexistent substring |
a0d0e21e LW |
1184 | |
1185 | (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed | |
1186 | a NULL. | |
1187 | ||
0f948285 | 1188 | =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s |
6df41af2 | 1189 | |
8d9d0498 FC |
1190 | =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s in %s |
1191 | ||
6df41af2 | 1192 | (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as |
2fe2bdfd | 1193 | such. See L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">. |
6df41af2 | 1194 | |
cf6e1fa1 FC |
1195 | =item Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment |
1196 | ||
1197 | (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument to a | |
1198 | reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment, and what | |
1199 | you used was not one of them. See L<perlref/Assigning to References>. | |
1200 | ||
1201 | =item Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list | |
1202 | assignment | |
1203 | ||
1204 | (F) Assigning to C<\local(@array)> or C<\(local @array)> is not supported, as | |
1205 | it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you meant to make @array | |
1206 | refer to some other array, use C<\@array = \@other_array>. If you want to | |
1207 | make the elements of @array aliases of the scalars referenced on the | |
1208 | right-hand side, use C<\(@array) = @scalar_refs>. | |
1209 | ||
1210 | =item Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment | |
1211 | ||
1212 | (F) Assigning to C<\(%hash)> is not supported. If you meant to make %hash | |
1213 | refer to some other hash, use C<\%hash = \%other_hash>. If you want to | |
1214 | make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars referenced on the | |
1215 | right-hand side, use a hash slice: C<\@hash{@keys} = @those_scalar_refs>. | |
1216 | ||
5f05dabc | 1217 | =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var |
a0d0e21e | 1218 | |
5f05dabc | 1219 | (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive |
a0d0e21e LW |
1220 | buffer. |
1221 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1222 | =item Can't "next" outside a loop block |
1223 | ||
1224 | (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but | |
1225 | there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't | |
be771a83 GS |
1226 | count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or |
1227 | grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect | |
1228 | though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops | |
1229 | once. See L<perlfunc/next>. | |
6df41af2 | 1230 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1231 | =item Can't open %s: %s |
1232 | ||
c47ff5f1 | 1233 | (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >> |
08e9d68e | 1234 | filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line |
46fa9b26 FC |
1235 | switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually |
1236 | this is because you don't have read permission for a file which | |
1237 | you named on the command line. | |
1238 | ||
1239 | (F) You tried to call perl with the B<-e> switch, but F</dev/null> (or | |
1240 | your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened. | |
a0d0e21e | 1241 | |
9a869a14 RGS |
1242 | =item Can't open a reference |
1243 | ||
1244 | (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing, | |
2fe2bdfd | 1245 | using the 3-arg open() syntax: |
9a869a14 RGS |
1246 | |
1247 | open FH, '>', $ref; | |
1248 | ||
1249 | but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of | |
1250 | open is not supported. | |
1251 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1252 | =item Can't open bidirectional pipe |
1253 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1254 | (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. |
1255 | You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such | |
1256 | as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using | |
1257 | ">", and then read it in under a different file handle. | |
a0d0e21e | 1258 | |
748a9306 LW |
1259 | =item Can't open error file %s as stderr |
1260 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1261 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
1262 | redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on | |
1263 | the command line for writing. | |
748a9306 LW |
1264 | |
1265 | =item Can't open input file %s as stdin | |
1266 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1267 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
1268 | redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the | |
1269 | command line for reading. | |
748a9306 LW |
1270 | |
1271 | =item Can't open output file %s as stdout | |
1272 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1273 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
1274 | redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on | |
1275 | the command line for writing. | |
748a9306 LW |
1276 | |
1277 | =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s) | |
1278 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1279 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
1280 | redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined | |
1281 | for stdout. | |
748a9306 | 1282 | |
3b1cf97d | 1283 | =item Can't open perl script "%s": %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
1284 | |
1285 | (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason. | |
1286 | ||
fa3aa65a JC |
1287 | If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the |
1288 | shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so | |
1289 | you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>. | |
1290 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1291 | =item Can't read CRTL environ |
1292 | ||
1293 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV | |
1294 | from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was | |
1295 | missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ | |
be771a83 GS |
1296 | or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not |
1297 | searched. | |
6df41af2 | 1298 | |
f3106bc8 LM |
1299 | =item Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s" |
1300 | ||
1301 | (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another declaration, | |
1302 | such as C<my ($x, my($y), $z)> or C<our (my $x)>. | |
1303 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1304 | =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block |
1305 | ||
1306 | (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but | |
1307 | there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't | |
1308 | count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() | |
1309 | or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect | |
1310 | though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that | |
1311 | loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>. | |
1312 | ||
64977eb6 | 1313 | =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file |
10f9c03d | 1314 | |
be771a83 GS |
1315 | (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup |
1316 | file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with | |
1317 | the modified file. The file was left unmodified. | |
10f9c03d | 1318 | |
e0d4aead TC |
1319 | =item Can't rename in-place work file '%s' to '%s': %s |
1320 | ||
1321 | (F) When closed implicitly, the temporary file for in-place editing | |
1322 | couldn't be renamed to the original filename. | |
1323 | ||
ecc6274e FC |
1324 | =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file |
1325 | ||
1326 | (F) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason, | |
1327 | probably because you don't have write permission to the directory. | |
1328 | ||
748a9306 LW |
1329 | =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode |
1330 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1331 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried |
1332 | to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed. | |
748a9306 | 1333 | |
9415f659 KW |
1334 | =item Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform |
1335 | ||
1336 | (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be due | |
1337 | to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC | |
1338 | platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-around is | |
1339 | to not use such a large code point. | |
1340 | ||
4f12ec0e FC |
1341 | =item Can't reset %ENV on this system |
1342 | ||
1343 | (F) You called C<reset('E')> or similar, which tried to reset | |
1344 | all variables in the current package beginning with "E". In | |
1345 | the main package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not | |
1346 | supported on some systems, notably VMS. | |
1347 | ||
fe13d51d | 1348 | =item Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" |
6df41af2 | 1349 | |
1fa582fa FC |
1350 | (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as |
1351 | opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the | |
1352 | package. If the method name is C<???>, this is an internal error. | |
6df41af2 | 1353 | |
cd06dffe GS |
1354 | =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine |
1355 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1356 | (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as |
1357 | temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This | |
1358 | is not allowed. | |
cd06dffe | 1359 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
1360 | =item Can't return outside a subroutine |
1361 | ||
1362 | (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where | |
1363 | there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>. | |
1364 | ||
78f9721b SM |
1365 | =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context |
1366 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
1367 | (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue |
1368 | subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl | |
1369 | think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to | |
1370 | write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell | |
1371 | Perl that the call should be in list context. | |
78f9721b | 1372 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1373 | =item Can't stat script "%s" |
1374 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1375 | (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it |
1376 | open already. Bizarre. | |
a0d0e21e | 1377 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1378 | =item Can't take log of %g |
1379 | ||
fb73857a | 1380 | (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a |
6903afa2 | 1381 | negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes |
be771a83 GS |
1382 | standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the |
1383 | negative numbers. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1384 | |
1385 | =item Can't take sqrt of %g | |
1386 | ||
1387 | (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a | |
fb73857a | 1388 | negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard |
1389 | with Perl, though, if you really want to do that. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1390 | |
1391 | =item Can't undef active subroutine | |
1392 | ||
1393 | (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can, | |
1394 | however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the | |
1395 | redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure. | |
1396 | ||
ecc6274e FC |
1397 | =item Can't unweaken a nonreference |
1398 | ||
1399 | (F) You attempted to unweaken something that was not a reference. Only | |
1400 | references can be unweakened. | |
1401 | ||
c81225bc | 1402 | =item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d |
a0d0e21e | 1403 | |
be771a83 GS |
1404 | (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it |
1405 | into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so | |
1406 | specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message | |
1407 | indicates that such a conversion was attempted. | |
a0d0e21e | 1408 | |
6651ba0b FC |
1409 | =item Can't use '%c' after -mname |
1410 | ||
1411 | (F) You tried to call perl with the B<-m> switch, but you put something | |
1412 | other than "=" after the module name. | |
1413 | ||
1f1ec7b5 KW |
1414 | =item Can't use a hash as a reference |
1415 | ||
1416 | (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in | |
66a1f5ec FC |
1417 | C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl |
1418 | <= 5.22.0 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't | |
1419 | have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1. | |
1f1ec7b5 KW |
1420 | |
1421 | =item Can't use an array as a reference | |
1422 | ||
1423 | (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in | |
66a1f5ec FC |
1424 | C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 |
1425 | used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. This | |
1426 | was deprecated in perl 5.6.1. | |
1f1ec7b5 | 1427 | |
1db89ea5 BS |
1428 | =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup |
1429 | ||
e27ad1f2 | 1430 | (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol |
1db89ea5 BS |
1431 | table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous |
1432 | for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>. | |
1433 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
1434 | =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference |
1435 | ||
1436 | (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must | |
1437 | be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors. | |
1438 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1439 | =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use |
1440 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1441 | (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic |
1442 | references are disallowed. See L<perlref>. | |
6df41af2 | 1443 | |
90b75b61 | 1444 | =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available |
1d2dff63 | 1445 | |
20561843 | 1446 | (F) The first time the C<%!> hash is used, perl automatically loads the |
6903afa2 | 1447 | Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to |
1d2dff63 GS |
1448 | provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values. |
1449 | ||
1109a392 MHM |
1450 | =item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s |
1451 | ||
1452 | (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian | |
1453 | byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not | |
1454 | allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
1455 | ||
e35475de KW |
1456 | =item Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?) |
1457 | ||
1458 | (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it | |
1459 | checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the | |
1460 | array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example. | |
1461 | ||
1462 | =item Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?) | |
1463 | ||
1464 | (F) C<defined()> is not usually right on hashes. | |
1465 | ||
1466 | Although C<defined %hash> is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it | |
1467 | becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including iterators, | |
1468 | weak references, stash names, even remaining true after C<undef %hash>. | |
1469 | These things make C<defined %hash> fairly useless in practice, so it now | |
1470 | generates a fatal error. | |
1471 | ||
1472 | If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in boolean | |
1473 | context (see L<perldata/Scalar values>): | |
1474 | ||
1475 | if (%hash) { | |
1476 | # not empty | |
1477 | } | |
1478 | ||
1479 | If you had C<defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX> to check whether such a package | |
1480 | variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and isn't | |
1481 | a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or whether | |
1482 | it's loaded, etc. | |
1483 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1484 | =item Can't use %s for loop variable |
1485 | ||
c1f06047 | 1486 | (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a C<foreach> loop. |
6df41af2 | 1487 | |
aab6a793 | 1488 | =item Can't use global %s in "%s" |
6df41af2 | 1489 | |
be771a83 GS |
1490 | (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This |
1491 | is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location | |
1492 | (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to | |
1493 | have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but | |
6df41af2 GS |
1494 | weren't. |
1495 | ||
6d3b25aa RGS |
1496 | =item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s |
1497 | ||
1498 | (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type | |
1499 | that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. | |
1500 | For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that | |
1501 | is inside a big-endian group. | |
1502 | ||
c07a80fd | 1503 | =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison |
1504 | ||
1505 | (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons. | |
c47ff5f1 | 1506 | You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator, |
c07a80fd | 1507 | and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable. |
1508 | Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the | |
1509 | lexical variable. | |
1510 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1511 | =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref |
1512 | ||
1513 | (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a | |
1514 | reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to | |
1515 | test the type of the reference, if need be. | |
1516 | ||
748a9306 | 1517 | =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use |
a0d0e21e | 1518 | |
5e634d20 FC |
1519 | =item Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use |
1520 | ||
b41bf23f FC |
1521 | (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which |
1522 | C<use strict> blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See | |
1523 | L<perlref/"Symbolic references">. This can be triggered by an C<@> or C<$> | |
1524 | in a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable, | |
1525 | for example in C<"user @$twitter_id">, which says to treat the contents | |
1526 | of C<$twitter_id> as an array reference; use a C<\> to have a literal C<@> | |
1527 | symbol followed by the contents of C<$twitter_id>: C<"user \@$twitter_id">. | |
a0d0e21e | 1528 | |
748a9306 LW |
1529 | =item Can't use subscript on %s |
1530 | ||
1531 | (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a | |
1532 | subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that | |
209e7cf1 | 1533 | didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable. |
748a9306 | 1534 | |
6df41af2 GS |
1535 | =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression |
1536 | ||
75b44862 GS |
1537 | (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that |
1538 | creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a | |
1539 | backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular | |
be771a83 GS |
1540 | expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a |
1541 | value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form | |
1542 | instead. | |
6df41af2 | 1543 | |
810b8aa5 GS |
1544 | =item Can't weaken a nonreference |
1545 | ||
1546 | (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only | |
1547 | references can be weakened. | |
1548 | ||
fc7debfb FC |
1549 | =item Can't "when" outside a topicalizer |
1550 | ||
1551 | (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a C<foreach> | |
1552 | loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is issued on exit | |
1553 | from the C<when> block, so you won't get the error if the match fails, | |
1554 | or if you use an explicit C<continue>.) | |
1555 | ||
5f05dabc | 1556 | =item Can't x= to read-only value |
a0d0e21e | 1557 | |
be771a83 GS |
1558 | (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value) |
1559 | with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1560 | Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that. |
1561 | ||
a04e6aad | 1562 | =item Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII |
f9d13529 | 1563 | |
7357bd17 | 1564 | (F) In C<\cI<X>>, I<X> must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character. |
17a3df4c | 1565 | |
727b6379 | 1566 | Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are |
7357bd17 | 1567 | discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) |
d4360efa | 1568 | L</""\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"">. |
f9d13529 | 1569 | |
163a633c KW |
1570 | =item Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ |
1571 | ||
1572 | (F) (In the above the C<%c> is replaced by either C<p> or C<P>.) You | |
1573 | specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name. Most | |
1574 | Unicode properties are specified by C<\p{...}>. But if the name is a | |
1575 | single character one, the braces may be omitted. | |
1576 | ||
f337b084 | 1577 | =item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack |
ac7cd81a SC |
1578 | |
1579 | (W pack) You said | |
1580 | ||
1581 | pack("C", $x) | |
1582 | ||
1583 | where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is | |
1584 | only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC, | |
1585 | and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant | |
1586 | ||
1587 | pack("C", $x & 255) | |
1588 | ||
1589 | If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format | |
1590 | instead. | |
1591 | ||
f337b084 | 1592 | =item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack |
ac7cd81a SC |
1593 | |
1594 | (W pack) You said | |
1595 | ||
1596 | pack("c", $x) | |
1597 | ||
1598 | where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format | |
1599 | is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC, | |
1600 | and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant | |
1601 | ||
1602 | pack("c", $x & 255); | |
1603 | ||
1604 | If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format | |
1605 | instead. | |
1606 | ||
f337b084 TH |
1607 | =item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack |
1608 | ||
1609 | (W unpack) You tried something like | |
1610 | ||
1611 | unpack("H", "\x{2a1}") | |
1612 | ||
1a147d38 | 1613 | where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value |
6903afa2 FC |
1614 | below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the |
1615 | value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: | |
f337b084 TH |
1616 | |
1617 | unpack("H", "\x{a1}") | |
1618 | ||
5a25739d FC |
1619 | =item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack |
1620 | ||
1621 | (W pack) You said | |
1622 | ||
1623 | pack("U0W", $x) | |
1624 | ||
1625 | where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode | |
1626 | expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved | |
1627 | as if you meant: | |
1628 | ||
1629 | pack("U0W", $x & 255) | |
1630 | ||
f337b084 TH |
1631 | =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack |
1632 | ||
1633 | (W pack) You tried something like | |
1634 | ||
1635 | pack("u", "\x{1f3}b") | |
1636 | ||
1a147d38 | 1637 | where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a |
6903afa2 | 1638 | value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl |
f337b084 TH |
1639 | uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: |
1640 | ||
1641 | pack("u", "\x{f3}b") | |
1642 | ||
1643 | =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack | |
1644 | ||
1645 | (W unpack) You tried something like | |
1646 | ||
1647 | unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b") | |
1648 | ||
1a147d38 | 1649 | where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a |
6903afa2 | 1650 | value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl |
f337b084 TH |
1651 | uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: |
1652 | ||
1653 | unpack("s", "\x{f3}b") | |
1654 | ||
8d9d0498 FC |
1655 | =item charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple |
1656 | spaces; marked by S<<-- HERE> in %s | |
f51551f7 FC |
1657 | |
1658 | (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space characters | |
1659 | in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these names are | |
1660 | defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they | |
1661 | could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>. See | |
1662 | L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>. | |
1663 | ||
8d9d0498 FC |
1664 | =item charnames alias definitions may not contain trailing white-space; |
1665 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in %s | |
f51551f7 FC |
1666 | |
1667 | (F) You defined a character name which ended in a space | |
1668 | character. Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are | |
1669 | defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they | |
1670 | could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>. | |
1671 | See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>. | |
1672 | ||
60121127 TC |
1673 | =item chdir() on unopened filehandle %s |
1674 | ||
1675 | (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never opened. | |
1676 | ||
d4360efa | 1677 | =item "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s" |
f866a7cd | 1678 | |
d4360efa S |
1679 | (W syntax) The C<\cI<X>> construct is intended to be a way to specify |
1680 | non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which | |
1681 | is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash | |
1682 | for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable | |
1683 | between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms. | |
f866a7cd | 1684 | |
6651ba0b FC |
1685 | =item Cloning substitution context is unimplemented |
1686 | ||
1687 | (F) Creating a new thread inside the C<s///> operator is not supported. | |
1688 | ||
abc7ecad SP |
1689 | =item closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
1690 | ||
1691 | (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really | |
1692 | a dirhandle. Check your control flow. | |
1693 | ||
5a25739d FC |
1694 | =item close() on unopened filehandle %s |
1695 | ||
1696 | (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened. | |
1697 | ||
541ed3a9 FC |
1698 | =item Closure prototype called |
1699 | ||
1700 | (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an attribute | |
1701 | handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new closure is created. | |
1702 | This subroutine cannot be called. | |
1703 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
1704 | =item \C no longer supported in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
1705 | ||
1706 | (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte | |
1707 | within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as | |
1708 | it broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy. | |
1709 | If you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably | |
1710 | want to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is | |
1711 | stored as a character, with utf8::encode(). | |
1712 | ||
49704364 WL |
1713 | =item Code missing after '/' |
1714 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
1715 | (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be |
1716 | another template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
49704364 | 1717 | |
c0236afe KW |
1718 | =item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable |
1719 | ||
1720 | (S non_unicode) You had a code point that has never been in any | |
1721 | standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl will NOT | |
1722 | understand it. At one time, it was legal in some standards to have code | |
1723 | points up to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point is higher. | |
1724 | ||
1725 | Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should | |
1726 | expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on | |
1727 | EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them. | |
1728 | ||
1729 | Code points above 0xFFFF_FFFF require larger than a 32 bit word. | |
1730 | ||
1731 | Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code | |
1732 | points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines | |
1733 | become available that have larger than a 64-bit word. At that time, | |
1734 | files written by an older Perl would require conversion before being | |
1735 | readable by a newer Perl. | |
1736 | ||
5a25739d FC |
1737 | =item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable |
1738 | ||
2d88a86a | 1739 | (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum |
1b64326b FC |
1740 | of U+10FFFF. |
1741 | ||
c0236afe KW |
1742 | Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points, but |
1743 | these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. Further, even if | |
1744 | these languages/systems accept these large code points, they may have | |
1745 | chosen a different representation for them than the UTF-8-like one that | |
1746 | Perl has, which would mean files are not exchangeable between them and | |
1747 | Perl. | |
1748 | ||
1749 | On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different | |
1750 | representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing these | |
1751 | that was written before that version will require conversion before | |
1752 | being readable by a later Perl. | |
0876b9a0 | 1753 | |
6df41af2 GS |
1754 | =item %s: Command not found |
1755 | ||
a892b81a | 1756 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> or another shell |
66a1f5ec FC |
1757 | instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into |
1758 | Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like | |
8f721816 | 1759 | |
3bcfc7b3 LM |
1760 | #!/usr/bin/perl |
1761 | ||
1762 | =item %s: command not found | |
1763 | ||
1764 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<bash> or another shell | |
1765 | instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into | |
1766 | Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like | |
1767 | ||
1768 | #!/usr/bin/perl | |
1769 | ||
1770 | =item %s: command not found: %s | |
1771 | ||
1772 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<zsh> or another shell | |
1773 | instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into | |
1774 | Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like | |
1775 | ||
1776 | #!/usr/bin/perl | |
6df41af2 | 1777 | |
7a2e2cd6 | 1778 | =item Compilation failed in require |
1779 | ||
1780 | (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement. | |
be771a83 GS |
1781 | Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it |
1782 | encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately. | |
7a2e2cd6 | 1783 | |
c3464db5 DD |
1784 | =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded |
1785 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1786 | (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex |
1787 | situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited | |
1788 | to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow | |
1789 | arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without | |
1790 | recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string | |
1791 | under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than | |
1792 | in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so | |
c2e66d9e | 1793 | that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information |
be771a83 | 1794 | on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.) |
c3464db5 | 1795 | |
69282e91 | 1796 | =item connect() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 1797 | |
be771a83 GS |
1798 | (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget |
1799 | to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
1800 | L<perlfunc/connect>. | |
a0d0e21e | 1801 | |
e21e7c6a FC |
1802 | =item Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value |
1803 | ||
1804 | (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading | |
1805 | (see L<overload>) or a custom charnames handler (see | |
1806 | L<charnames/CUSTOM TRANSLATORS>) returned an undefined value. | |
1807 | ||
1808 | =item Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined | |
1809 | ||
1810 | (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an | |
1811 | overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding | |
f738a371 | 1812 | L<overload> pragma? |
e21e7c6a | 1813 | |
779c5bc9 GS |
1814 | =item Constant is not %s reference |
1815 | ||
1816 | (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma) | |
be771a83 | 1817 | is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference. |
6903afa2 | 1818 | The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This |
be771a83 | 1819 | usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value. |
779c5bc9 GS |
1820 | See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>. |
1821 | ||
0ac016fc | 1822 | =item Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are |
9840d1d6 | 1823 | deprecated. This will not be allowed in Perl 5.32 |
0ac016fc FC |
1824 | |
1825 | (D deprecated) You wrote something like | |
1826 | ||
1827 | my $var; | |
1828 | $sub = sub () { $var }; | |
1829 | ||
1830 | but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the C<sub> | |
1831 | expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified elsewhere | |
1832 | (C<$var = 3>) or it is passed to a subroutine or to an operator like | |
1833 | C<printf> or C<map>, which may or may not modify the variable. | |
1834 | ||
1835 | Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that | |
1836 | point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for inlining. | |
1837 | In those cases where the variable can be modified elsewhere, this | |
1838 | breaks the behavior of closures, in which the subroutine captures | |
1839 | the variable itself, rather than its value, so future changes to the | |
1840 | variable are reflected in the subroutine's return value. | |
1841 | ||
9840d1d6 A |
1842 | This usage is deprecated, and will no longer be allowed in Perl 5.32, |
1843 | making it possible to change the behavior in the future. | |
0ac016fc FC |
1844 | |
1845 | If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining, then | |
1846 | make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly by | |
1847 | copying it: | |
1848 | ||
1849 | my $var2 = $var; | |
1850 | $sub = sub () { $var2 }; | |
1851 | ||
1852 | If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future | |
1853 | changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit C<return>: | |
1854 | ||
1855 | my $var; | |
1856 | $sub = sub () { return $var }; | |
1857 | ||
4cee8e80 CS |
1858 | =item Constant subroutine %s redefined |
1859 | ||
aeb94125 FC |
1860 | (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously |
1861 | been eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> | |
1862 | for commentary and workarounds. | |
4cee8e80 | 1863 | |
9607fc9c | 1864 | =item Constant subroutine %s undefined |
1865 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1866 | (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible |
1867 | for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and | |
1868 | workarounds. | |
9607fc9c | 1869 | |
5a25739d FC |
1870 | =item Constant(%s) unknown |
1871 | ||
1872 | (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting | |
1873 | to define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the | |
1874 | character name specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you | |
3ee1a09c | 1875 | forgot to load the corresponding L<overload> pragma? |
5a25739d | 1876 | |
4a873d7a FC |
1877 | =item :const is experimental |
1878 | ||
1879 | (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental. | |
1880 | If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with C<no warnings | |
1881 | 'experimental::const_attr'>, but know that in doing so you are taking | |
1882 | the risk that your code may break in a future Perl version. | |
1883 | ||
b77472f9 FC |
1884 | =item :const is not permitted on named subroutines |
1885 | ||
1886 | (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run and | |
465068b9 | 1887 | its value captured at the time that it is cloned. Named subroutines are |
b77472f9 FC |
1888 | not cloned like this, so the attribute does not make sense on them. |
1889 | ||
e7ea3e70 IZ |
1890 | =item Copy method did not return a reference |
1891 | ||
6903afa2 | 1892 | (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See |
13a2d996 | 1893 | L<overload/Copy Constructor>. |
e7ea3e70 | 1894 | |
4aaa4757 FC |
1895 | =item &CORE::%s cannot be called directly |
1896 | ||
1897 | (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the C<CORE::> namespace | |
8d605c0d | 1898 | with C<&foo> syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines |
4aaa4757 FC |
1899 | in this package cannot yet be called that way, but must be |
1900 | called as barewords. Something like this will work: | |
1901 | ||
1902 | BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; } | |
1903 | shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array | |
1904 | ||
6798c92b GS |
1905 | =item CORE::%s is not a keyword |
1906 | ||
1907 | (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords. | |
1908 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
1909 | =item Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d |
1910 | ||
1911 | (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using | |
1912 | one, your L<custom regular expression engine|perlreapi>. If not the | |
1913 | latter, report the problem through the L<perlbug> utility. | |
1914 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1915 | =item corrupted regexp pointers |
1916 | ||
1917 | (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular | |
1918 | expression compiler gave it. | |
1919 | ||
1920 | =item corrupted regexp program | |
1921 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1922 | (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a |
1923 | valid magic number. | |
a0d0e21e | 1924 | |
de42a5a9 | 1925 | =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x |
6df41af2 GS |
1926 | |
1927 | (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure. | |
1928 | ||
49704364 WL |
1929 | =item Count after length/code in unpack |
1930 | ||
1931 | (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but | |
1932 | you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See | |
1933 | L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
1934 | ||
3f645a4e FC |
1935 | =item Declaring references is experimental |
1936 | ||
1937 | (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use | |
1938 | a reference constructor on the right-hand side of C<my>, C<state>, C<our>, or | |
1939 | C<local>. Simply suppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but | |
1940 | know that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental | |
1941 | feature which may change or be removed in a future Perl version: | |
1942 | ||
1943 | no warnings "experimental::declared_refs"; | |
1944 | use feature "declared_refs"; | |
1945 | $fooref = my \$foo; | |
1946 | ||
f2cccb4c KW |
1947 | =for comment |
1948 | The following are used in lib/diagnostics.t for testing two =items that | |
1949 | share the same description. Changes here need to be propagated to there | |
1950 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
1951 | =item Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine |
1952 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1953 | =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s" |
1954 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1955 | (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) |
1956 | 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an | |
1957 | infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in | |
1958 | which case it indicates something else. | |
a0d0e21e | 1959 | |
aad1d01f NC |
1960 | This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the F<perl> binary, |
1961 | setting the C pre-processor macro C<PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN> to the desired value. | |
1962 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
1963 | =item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by |
1964 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
bcb95744 | 1965 | |
6903afa2 | 1966 | (F) You used something like C<(?(DEFINE)...|..)> which is illegal. The |
bcb95744 FC |
1967 | most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside |
1968 | of the C<....> part. | |
1969 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 1970 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
bcb95744 FC |
1971 | discovered. |
1972 | ||
62658f4d PM |
1973 | =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed |
1974 | ||
1975 | (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file | |
1976 | there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>. | |
1977 | ||
0ffcbc25 FC |
1978 | =item delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice |
1979 | ||
4a0af295 | 1980 | (F) The argument to C<delete> must be either a hash or array element, |
0ffcbc25 FC |
1981 | such as: |
1982 | ||
1983 | $foo{$bar} | |
1984 | $ref->{"susie"}[12] | |
1985 | ||
1986 | or a hash or array slice, such as: | |
1987 | ||
1988 | @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy] | |
1989 | @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"} | |
1990 | ||
cc0776d6 DIM |
1991 | or a hash key/value or array index/value slice, such as: |
1992 | ||
1993 | %foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy] | |
1994 | %{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"} | |
1995 | ||
fc36a67e | 1996 | =item Delimiter for here document is too long |
1997 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1998 | (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too |
1999 | long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code | |
2000 | that triggers this error. | |
fc36a67e | 2001 | |
c437f7ac | 2002 | =item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30 |
6d3b25aa | 2003 | |
fa816bf3 FC |
2004 | (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>. There |
2005 | has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable | |
6d3b25aa | 2006 | not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false |
6903afa2 | 2007 | conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of |
fa816bf3 | 2008 | static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people |
6903afa2 | 2009 | relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by |
6d3b25aa | 2010 | declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg |
36fb85f3 | 2011 | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
2012 | sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ } |
2013 | ||
2014 | becomes | |
2015 | ||
2016 | { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } } | |
2017 | ||
ea9d9ebc | 2018 | Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use C<state> variables to have |
fa816bf3 | 2019 | lexicals that are initialized only once (see L<feature>): |
36fb85f3 RGS |
2020 | |
2021 | sub f { state $x; return $x++ } | |
2022 | ||
c437f7ac A |
2023 | This use of C<my()> in a false conditional has been deprecated since |
2024 | Perl 5.10, and it will become a fatal error in Perl 5.30. | |
2025 | ||
500ab966 RGS |
2026 | =item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s' |
2027 | ||
2028 | (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is | |
6903afa2 FC |
2029 | just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather |
2030 | than to create a dangling reference. | |
500ab966 | 2031 | |
3cdd684c TP |
2032 | =item Did not produce a valid header |
2033 | ||
3de20fbe | 2034 | See L</500 Server error>. |
3cdd684c | 2035 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2036 | =item %s did not return a true value |
2037 | ||
2038 | (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that | |
2039 | it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's | |
2040 | traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would | |
2041 | do. See L<perlfunc/require>. | |
2042 | ||
cc507455 | 2043 | =item (Did you mean &%s instead?) |
4633a7c4 | 2044 | |
413ff9f6 FC |
2045 | (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or |
2046 | some such. | |
4633a7c4 | 2047 | |
cc507455 | 2048 | =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?) |
33633739 | 2049 | |
52e3acf8 | 2050 | (W shadow) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global |
be771a83 GS |
2051 | variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which |
2052 | seems superfluous. | |
33633739 | 2053 | |
cc507455 | 2054 | =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?) |
a0d0e21e | 2055 | |
be771a83 GS |
2056 | (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or |
2057 | @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got | |
2058 | carried away. | |
748a9306 | 2059 | |
7e1af8bc | 2060 | =item Died |
5f05dabc | 2061 | |
2062 | (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or | |
075b00aa | 2063 | you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty. |
5f05dabc | 2064 | |
3cdd684c TP |
2065 | =item Document contains no data |
2066 | ||
3de20fbe | 2067 | See L</500 Server error>. |
3cdd684c | 2068 | |
62658f4d PM |
2069 | =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed |
2070 | ||
2071 | (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not | |
943fc58e | 2072 | define a C<$VERSION>. |
62658f4d | 2073 | |
49704364 WL |
2074 | =item '/' does not take a repeat count |
2075 | ||
2076 | (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code. | |
2077 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
2078 | ||
1c99110e | 2079 | =item do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do "./%s"? |
2a0461a3 | 2080 | |
b28683c9 | 2081 | (D deprecated) Previously C< do "somefile"; > would search the current |
1c99110e DM |
2082 | directory for the specified file. Since perl v5.26.0, F<.> has been |
2083 | removed from C<@INC> by default, so this is no longer true. To search the | |
2084 | current directory (and only the current directory) you can write | |
2085 | C< do "./somefile"; >. | |
2a0461a3 | 2086 | |
95cb0d72 FC |
2087 | =item Don't know how to get file name |
2088 | ||
2089 | (P) C<PerlIO_getname>, a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS, was | |
2090 | somehow called on another platform. This should not happen. | |
2091 | ||
4021c788 | 2092 | =item Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o |
a0d0e21e LW |
2093 | |
2094 | (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed. | |
2095 | ||
2096 | =item do_study: out of memory | |
2097 | ||
2098 | (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead. | |
2099 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
2100 | =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?) |
2101 | ||
56da5a46 RGS |
2102 | (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message |
2103 | "%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module | |
6df41af2 GS |
2104 | name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be |
2105 | because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing | |
be771a83 GS |
2106 | "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing |
2107 | something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the | |
2108 | subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty | |
2109 | "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration. | |
6df41af2 | 2110 | |
30b17cc1 | 2111 | =item dump() better written as CORE::dump(). dump() will no longer be available in Perl 5.30 |
ac206dc8 | 2112 | |
30b17cc1 A |
2113 | (D deprecated, misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, |
2114 | without fully qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. | |
2115 | ||
4fa40147 | 2116 | Use of a unqualified C<dump()> was deprecated in Perl 5.8.0, and this |
30b17cc1 A |
2117 | will not be available in Perl 5.30. |
2118 | ||
2119 | See L<perlfunc/dump>. | |
ac206dc8 | 2120 | |
84d78eb7 YO |
2121 | =item dump is not supported |
2122 | ||
2123 | (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump. | |
2124 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2125 | =item Duplicate free() ignored |
2126 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2127 | (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had |
2128 | already been freed. | |
a0d0e21e | 2129 | |
1109a392 MHM |
2130 | =item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s |
2131 | ||
35f0cd76 FC |
2132 | (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a |
2133 | type in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
1109a392 | 2134 | |
4633a7c4 LW |
2135 | =item elseif should be elsif |
2136 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
2137 | (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks |
2138 | it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method | |
2139 | named "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is | |
4633a7c4 LW |
2140 | unlikely to be what you want. |
2141 | ||
c30c479a KW |
2142 | =item Empty \%c in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
2143 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2144 | =item Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ab13f0c7 | 2145 | |
af6f566e | 2146 | (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as |
6903afa2 | 2147 | described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in |
af6f566e | 2148 | a regular expression without specifying the property name. |
ab13f0c7 | 2149 | |
fd503f5c | 2150 | =item ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported |
a15a3d9b | 2151 | |
fd503f5c | 2152 | (F) The special variable C<${^ENCODING}>, formerly used to implement |
a15a3d9b FC |
2153 | the C<encoding> pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.0. |
2154 | ||
fd503f5c DIM |
2155 | Setting it to anything other than C<undef> is a fatal error as of Perl |
2156 | 5.28. | |
ac641426 | 2157 | |
85ab1d1d | 2158 | =item entering effective %s failed |
5ff3f7a4 | 2159 | |
85ab1d1d | 2160 | (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and |
5ff3f7a4 GS |
2161 | effective uids or gids failed. |
2162 | ||
c038024b RGS |
2163 | =item %ENV is aliased to %s |
2164 | ||
2165 | (F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been | |
2166 | aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the | |
6903afa2 | 2167 | program's environment. This is potentially insecure. |
c038024b | 2168 | |
748a9306 LW |
2169 | =item Error converting file specification %s |
2170 | ||
5f05dabc | 2171 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file |
748a9306 | 2172 | specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a |
be771a83 GS |
2173 | single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed |
2174 | an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the | |
2175 | conversion routines don't handle. Drat. | |
748a9306 | 2176 | |
ad19ef22 | 2177 | =item Eval-group in insecure regular expression |
e4d48cc9 | 2178 | |
be771a83 GS |
2179 | (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular |
2180 | expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which | |
2181 | is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>. | |
e4d48cc9 | 2182 | |
ad19ef22 | 2183 | =item Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/ |
e4d48cc9 | 2184 | |
be771a83 GS |
2185 | (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the |
2186 | C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the | |
f11307f5 FC |
2187 | pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, |
2188 | it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by using the | |
2189 | C<re 'eval'> pragma or by explicitly building the pattern from an | |
2190 | interpolated string at run time and using that in an eval(). See | |
2191 | L<perlre/(?{ code })>. | |
e4d48cc9 | 2192 | |
ad19ef22 | 2193 | =item Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/ |
6df41af2 | 2194 | |
be771a83 GS |
2195 | (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width |
2196 | assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> | |
2197 | pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>. | |
6df41af2 | 2198 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2199 | =item EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by |
2200 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
1a147d38 YO |
2201 | |
2202 | (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without consuming | |
6903afa2 | 2203 | any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed. |
1a147d38 | 2204 | |
6e8a73f2 | 2205 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
1a147d38 YO |
2206 | discovered. |
2207 | ||
fc36a67e | 2208 | =item Excessively long <> operator |
2209 | ||
2210 | (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a | |
2211 | Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of | |
2212 | filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a | |
2213 | variable and glob that. | |
2214 | ||
ed9aa3b7 SG |
2215 | =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system |
2216 | ||
af8bb25a | 2217 | (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented on some systems, e.g., Symbian |
6903afa2 | 2218 | OS. See L<perlport>. |
ed9aa3b7 | 2219 | |
c77da5ff | 2220 | =item %sExecution of %s aborted due to compilation errors. |
a0d0e21e LW |
2221 | |
2222 | (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails. | |
2223 | ||
0ffcbc25 FC |
2224 | =item exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine |
2225 | ||
4a0af295 | 2226 | (F) The argument to C<exists> must be a hash or array element or a |
0ffcbc25 FC |
2227 | subroutine with an ampersand, such as: |
2228 | ||
2229 | $foo{$bar} | |
2230 | $ref->{"susie"}[12] | |
2231 | &do_something | |
2232 | ||
2233 | =item exists argument is not a subroutine name | |
2234 | ||
ccfc2567 FC |
2235 | (F) The argument to C<exists> for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine name, |
2236 | and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this error. | |
0ffcbc25 | 2237 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2238 | =item Exiting eval via %s |
2239 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2240 | (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a |
2241 | goto, or a loop control statement. | |
e476b1b5 GS |
2242 | |
2243 | =item Exiting format via %s | |
2244 | ||
9a2ff54b | 2245 | (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a |
be771a83 | 2246 | goto, or a loop control statement. |
a0d0e21e | 2247 | |
0a753a76 | 2248 | =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s |
2249 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2250 | (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a |
2251 | sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a | |
2252 | loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>. | |
0a753a76 | 2253 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2254 | =item Exiting subroutine via %s |
2255 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2256 | (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such |
2257 | as a goto, or a loop control statement. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2258 | |
2259 | =item Exiting substitution via %s | |
2260 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2261 | (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such |
2262 | as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement. | |
a0d0e21e | 2263 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2264 | =item Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
c608e803 | 2265 | |
675fa9ff | 2266 | (F) You wrote something like |
c608e803 KW |
2267 | |
2268 | (?13 | |
2269 | ||
2270 | to denote a capturing group of the form | |
2271 | L<C<(?I<PARNO>)>|perlre/(?PARNO) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) (?R) (?0)>, | |
2272 | but omitted the C<")">. | |
2273 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2274 | =item Expecting '(?flags:(?[...' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
27350048 | 2275 | |
8b6fbf55 FC |
2276 | (F) The C<(?[...])> extended character class regular expression construct |
2277 | only allows character classes (including character class escapes like | |
2278 | C<\d>), operators, and parentheses. The one exception is C<(?flags:...)> | |
2279 | containing at least one flag and exactly one C<(?[...])> construct. | |
27350048 FC |
2280 | This allows a regular expression containing just C<(?[...])> to be |
2281 | interpolated. If you see this error message, then you probably | |
2282 | have some other C<(?...)> construct inside your character class. See | |
2283 | L<perlrecharclass/Extended Bracketed Character Classes>. | |
2284 | ||
baabe3fb | 2285 | =item Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled |
1f8155a2 | 2286 | |
baabe3fb | 2287 | (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the feature: |
1f8155a2 | 2288 | |
baabe3fb FC |
2289 | no warnings "experimental::refaliasing"; |
2290 | use feature "refaliasing"; | |
1f8155a2 FC |
2291 | \$x = \$y; |
2292 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
2293 | =item Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden |
2294 | ||
2295 | (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed C<each>, C<keys>, | |
2296 | C<push>, C<pop>, C<shift>, C<splice>, C<unshift>, and C<values> to be called with a | |
2297 | scalar argument. This experiment is considered unsuccessful, and | |
2298 | has been removed. The C<postderef> feature may meet your needs better. | |
2299 | ||
30d9c59b Z |
2300 | =item Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled |
2301 | ||
2302 | (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them: | |
2303 | ||
caa35032 | 2304 | no warnings "experimental::signatures"; |
30d9c59b Z |
2305 | use feature "signatures"; |
2306 | sub foo ($left, $right) { ... } | |
2307 | ||
7b8d334a GS |
2308 | =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main) |
2309 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2310 | (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has |
2311 | the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is | |
2312 | usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package, | |
2313 | e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage'); | |
7b8d334a | 2314 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2315 | =item %s: Expression syntax |
2316 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2317 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. |
2318 | Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. | |
6df41af2 GS |
2319 | |
2320 | =item %s failed--call queue aborted | |
2321 | ||
3c10abe3 AG |
2322 | (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK, |
2323 | CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the | |
2324 | queue of such routines has been prematurely ended. | |
6df41af2 | 2325 | |
e0d4aead | 2326 | =item Failed to close in-place work file %s: %s |
502aca56 TC |
2327 | |
2328 | (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the C<-i> | |
2329 | command-line switch, failed. | |
2330 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2331 | =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
73b437c8 | 2332 | |
98d31c73 | 2333 | (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a literal |
7253e4e3 | 2334 | character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-" |
3c6ca74a FC |
2335 | in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". In a C<(?[...])> |
2336 | construct, this is an error, rather than a warning. Consider quoting | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2337 | the "-", "\-". The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression |
3c6ca74a | 2338 | the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
73b437c8 | 2339 | |
1b1ee2ef | 2340 | =item Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d |
a0d0e21e | 2341 | |
be771a83 GS |
2342 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS |
2343 | system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more | |
2344 | details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell | |
2345 | you which section of the Perl source code is distressed. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2346 | |
2347 | =item fcntl is not implemented | |
2348 | ||
2349 | (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a | |
2350 | PDP-11 or something? | |
2351 | ||
22846ab4 AB |
2352 | =item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value |
2353 | ||
2354 | (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which | |
2355 | is not possible. | |
2356 | ||
f337b084 TH |
2357 | =item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack |
2358 | ||
d8b5cc61 | 2359 | (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length indicator |
6903afa2 FC |
2360 | which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for |
2361 | a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified | |
5c96f6f7 | 2362 | C<u63> as the format. |
f337b084 | 2363 | |
a0e213fc A |
2364 | =item File::Glob::glob() will disappear in perl 5.30. Use File::Glob::bsd_glob() instead. |
2365 | ||
2366 | (D deprecated) C<< File::Glob >> has a function called C<< glob >>, which | |
2367 | just calls C<< bsd_glob >>. However, its prototype is different from the | |
2368 | prototype of C<< CORE::glob >>, and hence, C<< File::Glob::glob >> should | |
2369 | not be used. | |
2370 | ||
2371 | C<< File::Glob::glob() >> was deprecated in perl 5.8.0. A deprecation | |
2372 | message was issued from perl 5.26.0 onwards, and the function will | |
2373 | disappear in perl 5.30.0. | |
2374 | ||
2375 | Code using C<< File::Glob::glob() >> should call | |
2376 | C<< File::Glob::bsd_glob() >> instead. | |
2377 | ||
af8c498a | 2378 | =item Filehandle %s opened only for input |
a0d0e21e | 2379 | |
6c8d78fb HS |
2380 | (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended |
2381 | it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or | |
2382 | "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to | |
2383 | write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>. | |
a0d0e21e | 2384 | |
af8c498a | 2385 | =item Filehandle %s opened only for output |
a0d0e21e | 2386 | |
6c8d78fb HS |
2387 | (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If |
2388 | you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it | |
89a1bda8 FC |
2389 | with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you intended only to |
2390 | read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>. Another possibility | |
2391 | is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for | |
2392 | output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?). | |
97828cef RGS |
2393 | |
2394 | =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input | |
2395 | ||
2396 | (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id | |
6903afa2 | 2397 | as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR |
97828cef RGS |
2398 | previously. |
2399 | ||
2400 | =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output | |
2401 | ||
2402 | (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id | |
fa816bf3 | 2403 | as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously. |
a0d0e21e LW |
2404 | |
2405 | =item Final $ should be \$ or $name | |
2406 | ||
2407 | (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be | |
be771a83 GS |
2408 | a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that |
2409 | happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the | |
2410 | name. | |
a0d0e21e | 2411 | |
56e90b21 GS |
2412 | =item flock() on closed filehandle %s |
2413 | ||
be771a83 | 2414 | (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed |
c289d2f7 | 2415 | some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on |
be771a83 GS |
2416 | filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the |
2417 | same name? | |
56e90b21 | 2418 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2419 | =item Format not terminated |
2420 | ||
2421 | (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got | |
2422 | to the end of your file without finding such a line. | |
2423 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2424 | =item Format %s redefined |
2425 | ||
e476b1b5 | 2426 | (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say |
a0d0e21e LW |
2427 | |
2428 | { | |
271595cc | 2429 | no warnings 'redefine'; |
a0d0e21e LW |
2430 | eval "format NAME =..."; |
2431 | } | |
2432 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2433 | =item Found = in conditional, should be == |
2434 | ||
e476b1b5 | 2435 | (W syntax) You said |
a0d0e21e LW |
2436 | |
2437 | if ($foo = 123) | |
2438 | ||
2439 | when you meant | |
2440 | ||
2441 | if ($foo == 123) | |
2442 | ||
2443 | (or something like that). | |
2444 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
2445 | =item %s found where operator expected |
2446 | ||
56da5a46 RGS |
2447 | (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. |
2448 | If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an | |
be771a83 GS |
2449 | operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an |
2450 | operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon. | |
6df41af2 | 2451 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2452 | =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s" |
2453 | ||
2454 | (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed. | |
2455 | ||
2456 | =item gethostent not implemented | |
2457 | ||
2458 | (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably | |
2459 | because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname | |
2460 | on the Internet. | |
2461 | ||
69282e91 | 2462 | =item get%sname() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 2463 | |
be771a83 GS |
2464 | (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed |
2465 | socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call? | |
a0d0e21e | 2466 | |
748a9306 LW |
2467 | =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s" |
2468 | ||
2469 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the | |
2470 | C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC. | |
2471 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
2472 | =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s |
2473 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2474 | (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you |
2475 | forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
6df41af2 GS |
2476 | L<perlfunc/getsockopt>. |
2477 | ||
0f539b13 BF |
2478 | =item given is experimental |
2479 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
2480 | (S experimental::smartmatch) C<given> depends on smartmatch, which |
2481 | is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed | |
2482 | in any future release of perl. See the explanation under | |
2483 | L<perlsyn/Experimental Details on given and when>. | |
0f539b13 | 2484 | |
68567d27 FC |
2485 | =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to |
2486 | declare "my %s"?) | |
6df41af2 | 2487 | |
a4edf47d | 2488 | (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates |
30c282f6 | 2489 | that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"), |
a4edf47d GS |
2490 | declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified to say |
2491 | which package the global variable is in (using "::"). | |
6df41af2 | 2492 | |
e476b1b5 GS |
2493 | =item glob failed (%s) |
2494 | ||
5ead438e | 2495 | (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used |
73c4e9dc FC |
2496 | for C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a C<glob> |
2497 | pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a | |
be771a83 | 2498 | nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit |
73c4e9dc FC |
2499 | resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) |
2500 | is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables | |
2501 | in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as | |
2502 | if it were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them | |
2503 | all empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will | |
be771a83 | 2504 | think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run |
75b44862 | 2505 | C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl. |
e476b1b5 | 2506 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2507 | =item Glob not terminated |
2508 | ||
2509 | (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting | |
be771a83 GS |
2510 | a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and |
2511 | not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out | |
2512 | earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than". | |
a0d0e21e | 2513 | |
b35b96b6 JH |
2514 | =item gmtime(%f) failed |
2515 | ||
2516 | (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that it could not handle: | |
2517 | too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is C<undef>. | |
2518 | ||
bcd05b94 | 2519 | =item gmtime(%f) too large |
8b56d6ff | 2520 | |
e9200be3 | 2521 | (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was larger than |
fc003d4b | 2522 | it can reliably handle and C<gmtime> probably returned the wrong |
6903afa2 | 2523 | date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special |
fc003d4b MS |
2524 | not-a-number value). |
2525 | ||
bcd05b94 | 2526 | =item gmtime(%f) too small |
fc003d4b | 2527 | |
e9200be3 | 2528 | (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was smaller than |
e7a1a147 | 2529 | it can reliably handle and C<gmtime> probably returned the wrong date. |
8b56d6ff | 2530 | |
6df41af2 | 2531 | =item Got an error from DosAllocMem |
a0d0e21e | 2532 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2533 | (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete |
2534 | version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2535 | |
2536 | =item goto must have label | |
2537 | ||
2538 | (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an | |
2539 | unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
2540 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
2541 | =item Goto undefined subroutine%s |
2542 | ||
2543 | (F) You tried to call a subroutine with C<goto &sub> syntax, but | |
2544 | the indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it | |
2545 | has since been undefined. | |
2546 | ||
6fbc9859 | 2547 | =item Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 2548 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
1f4f6bf1 YO |
2549 | |
2550 | (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning | |
f26c79ba FC |
2551 | they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of |
2552 | this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See L<perlre>. | |
1f4f6bf1 | 2553 | |
5a25739d FC |
2554 | =item ()-group starts with a count |
2555 | ||
2556 | (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow | |
2557 | something: a template character or a ()-group. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
2558 | ||
fe13d51d | 2559 | =item %s had compilation errors. |
6df41af2 GS |
2560 | |
2561 | (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails. | |
2562 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2563 | =item Had to create %s unexpectedly |
2564 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2565 | (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought |
2566 | to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be | |
2567 | created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump. | |
a0d0e21e | 2568 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2569 | =item %s has too many errors |
2570 | ||
2571 | (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors. | |
2572 | Further error messages would likely be uninformative. | |
2573 | ||
61e61fbc JH |
2574 | =item Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow |
2575 | ||
d8f2b442 | 2576 | (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent |
61e61fbc JH |
2577 | than the floating point supports. |
2578 | ||
2579 | =item Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow | |
2580 | ||
d8f2b442 | 2581 | (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent |
b6d9b423 JH |
2582 | than the floating point supports. With the IEEE 754 floating point, |
2583 | this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as denormals) | |
2584 | are being used, which may or may not be an error. | |
61e61fbc | 2585 | |
5488d373 | 2586 | =item Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s) |
cf4f6003 JH |
2587 | |
2588 | (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling. | |
2589 | ||
61e61fbc JH |
2590 | =item Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow |
2591 | ||
2592 | (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits in | |
2593 | the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also known as | |
2594 | the fraction or the significand) than the floating point supports. | |
2595 | ||
40bca5ae JH |
2596 | =item Hexadecimal float: precision loss |
2597 | ||
2598 | (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more | |
2599 | digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported | |
2600 | long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available | |
2601 | (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations). | |
2602 | ||
2603 | =item Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format | |
2604 | ||
2605 | (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but | |
d8f2b442 | 2606 | the internals of the long double format are unknown; |
40bca5ae JH |
2607 | therefore the hexadecimal float output is impossible. |
2608 | ||
252aa082 JH |
2609 | =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable |
2610 | ||
e476b1b5 | 2611 | (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 |
9e24b6e2 JH |
2612 | (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See |
2613 | L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. | |
252aa082 | 2614 | |
8903cb82 | 2615 | =item Identifier too long |
2616 | ||
2617 | (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to | |
fc36a67e | 2618 | about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound |
be771a83 GS |
2619 | names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions |
2620 | of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations. | |
8903cb82 | 2621 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2622 | =item Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by |
2623 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
fc8cd66c | 2624 | |
f3ba6905 | 2625 | (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a |
0f44b2a5 FC |
2626 | zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character |
2627 | class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct | |
2628 | escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope. | |
fc8cd66c | 2629 | |
283151b7 | 2630 | =item Illegal binary digit '%c' |
f675dbe5 | 2631 | |
6df41af2 | 2632 | (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number. |
f675dbe5 | 2633 | |
6df41af2 | 2634 | =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored |
a0d0e21e | 2635 | |
be771a83 GS |
2636 | (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a |
2637 | binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the | |
2638 | offending digit. | |
a0d0e21e | 2639 | |
6597eb22 FC |
2640 | =item Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s |
2641 | ||
e4d150f1 FC |
2642 | (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype |
2643 | declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';', | |
2644 | indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@' | |
2645 | or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters. | |
6597eb22 | 2646 | |
b913d0b8 FC |
2647 | =item Illegal character \%o (carriage return) |
2648 | ||
2649 | (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as | |
2650 | it would any other whitespace, which means you should never see | |
2651 | this error when Perl was built using standard options. For some | |
2652 | reason, your version of Perl appears to have been built without | |
2653 | this support. Talk to your Perl administrator. | |
2654 | ||
bb6b75cd | 2655 | =item Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature |
d3d9da4a DM |
2656 | |
2657 | (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected character | |
d4e5761f FC |
2658 | following the C<$>, C<@> or C<%> sigil character. Normally the sigil |
2659 | should be followed by the variable name or C<=> etc. Perhaps you are | |
d3d9da4a DM |
2660 | trying use a prototype while in the scope of C<use feature 'signatures'>? |
2661 | For example: | |
2662 | ||
2663 | sub foo ($$) {} # legal - a prototype | |
2664 | ||
2665 | use feature 'signatures; | |
2666 | sub foo ($$) {} # illegal - was expecting a signature | |
2667 | sub foo ($a, $b) | |
2668 | :prototype($$) {} # legal | |
2669 | ||
2670 | ||
d37a9538 ST |
2671 | =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s |
2672 | ||
197afce1 | 2673 | (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. |
2e9cc7ef | 2674 | Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, \, and +. |
30d9c59b Z |
2675 | Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable |
2676 | that feature first (C<use feature 'signatures'>), so your signature was | |
2677 | instead interpreted as a bad prototype. | |
d37a9538 | 2678 | |
904d85c5 RGS |
2679 | =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine |
2680 | ||
2681 | (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine, | |
6903afa2 | 2682 | you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>. |
904d85c5 | 2683 | |
8e742a20 MHM |
2684 | =item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s |
2685 | ||
6903afa2 | 2686 | (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>. |
8e742a20 | 2687 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2688 | =item Illegal division by zero |
2689 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2690 | (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in |
2691 | your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against | |
2692 | meaningless input. | |
a0d0e21e | 2693 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2694 | =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored |
2695 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2696 | (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or |
2697 | A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal | |
2698 | number stopped before the illegal character. | |
6df41af2 | 2699 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2700 | =item Illegal modulus zero |
2701 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2702 | (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most |
2703 | numbers don't take to this kindly. | |
a0d0e21e | 2704 | |
6df41af2 | 2705 | =item Illegal number of bits in vec |
399388f4 | 2706 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2707 | (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of |
2708 | two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that). | |
399388f4 | 2709 | |
283151b7 | 2710 | =item Illegal octal digit '%c' |
a0d0e21e | 2711 | |
d1be9408 | 2712 | (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number. |
a0d0e21e | 2713 | |
399388f4 | 2714 | =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored |
748a9306 | 2715 | |
d1be9408 | 2716 | (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number. |
75b44862 | 2717 | Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9. |
748a9306 | 2718 | |
ecc6274e FC |
2719 | =item Illegal operator following parameter in a subroutine signature |
2720 | ||
2721 | (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature, was followed by something | |
2722 | other than C<=> introducing a default, C<,> or C<)>. | |
2723 | ||
2724 | use feature 'signatures'; | |
2725 | sub foo ($=1) {} # legal | |
2726 | sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal | |
2727 | sub foo ($a += 1) {} # illegal | |
2728 | sub foo ($a == 1) {} # illegal | |
2729 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2730 | =item Illegal pattern in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
c608e803 | 2731 | |
675fa9ff | 2732 | (F) You wrote something like |
c608e803 KW |
2733 | |
2734 | (?+foo) | |
2735 | ||
2736 | The C<"+"> is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a | |
2737 | capturing group. See | |
2738 | L<C<(?I<PARNO>)>|perlre/(?PARNO) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) (?R) (?0)>. | |
2739 | ||
375ed12a JH |
2740 | =item Illegal suidscript |
2741 | ||
2742 | (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal. | |
2743 | ||
fe13d51d | 2744 | =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c |
6ff81951 | 2745 | |
6df41af2 | 2746 | (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the |
646ca9b2 | 2747 | following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtw]>. |
6ff81951 | 2748 | |
4003ea29 KW |
2749 | =item Illegal user-defined property name |
2750 | ||
2751 | (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular expression | |
2752 | pattern (using C<\p{}> or C<\P{}>) that Perl knows isn't an official | |
2753 | Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-defined property | |
2754 | name, but it can't be one of those, as they must begin with either C<In> | |
2755 | or C<Is>. Check the spelling. See also | |
2756 | L</Can't find Unicode property definition "%s">. | |
2757 | ||
6df41af2 | 2758 | =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s" |
81e118e0 | 2759 | |
75b44862 | 2760 | (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's |
be771a83 GS |
2761 | internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=> |
2762 | delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored. | |
09bef843 | 2763 | |
6df41af2 | 2764 | =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s| |
54310121 | 2765 | |
be771a83 GS |
2766 | (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical |
2767 | name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and | |
2768 | didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was | |
2769 | ignored. | |
54310121 | 2770 | |
6df41af2 | 2771 | =item (in cleanup) %s |
9607fc9c | 2772 | |
be771a83 GS |
2773 | (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised |
2774 | the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the | |
2775 | system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of | |
2776 | times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that | |
2777 | would otherwise result in the same message being repeated. | |
6df41af2 | 2778 | |
be771a83 GS |
2779 | Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could |
2780 | also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>. | |
9607fc9c | 2781 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2782 | =item Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> |
2783 | in m/%s/ | |
0d0b4b3b | 2784 | |
675fa9ff | 2785 | (F) There was a syntax error within the C<(?[ ])>. This can happen if the |
0d0b4b3b KW |
2786 | expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if there are |
2787 | too many or few operands for the number of operators. Perl is not smart | |
2788 | enough to give you a more precise indication as to what is wrong. | |
2789 | ||
6fbc9859 MH |
2790 | =item Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on |
2791 | parent '%s' | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
2792 | |
2793 | (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not | |
2794 | C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See the C3 | |
2795 | documentation in L<mro> for more information. | |
2796 | ||
cdd6375d MH |
2797 | =item Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter |
2798 | ||
2799 | (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its lines | |
2800 | have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the closing | |
2801 | delimiter. | |
2802 | ||
2803 | For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at least | |
2804 | 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at least 2: | |
2805 | ||
2806 | if ($something) { | |
2807 | print <<~EOF; | |
2808 | Line 1 | |
2809 | Line 2 not | |
2810 | Line 3 | |
2811 | EOF | |
2812 | } | |
2813 | ||
2814 | Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will | |
2815 | not match 8 spaces. | |
2816 | ||
6a2ed79a | 2817 | =item Infinite recursion in regex |
1a147d38 YO |
2818 | |
2819 | (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input | |
6903afa2 | 2820 | text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns |
1a147d38 YO |
2821 | either consume text or fail. |
2822 | ||
714f94d1 FC |
2823 | =item Infinite recursion via empty pattern |
2824 | ||
2825 | (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code block, | |
2826 | for instance C</(?{ s!!! })/>, which resulted in re-executing | |
2827 | the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by | |
2828 | throwing an exception. | |
2829 | ||
f99042c8 | 2830 | =item Initialization of state variables in list currently forbidden |
6dbe9451 | 2831 | |
f99042c8 Z |
2832 | (F) C<state> only permits initializing a single variable, specified |
2833 | without parentheses. So C<state $a = 42> and C<state @a = qw(a b c)> are | |
2834 | allowed, but not C<state ($a) = 42> or C<(state $a) = 42>. To initialize | |
2835 | more than one C<state> variable, initialize them one at a time. | |
6dbe9451 | 2836 | |
2186f873 FC |
2837 | =item %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s] |
2838 | ||
2839 | (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value slice | |
2840 | (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array. Generally | |
2841 | it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The difference | |
2842 | is that C<$foo[&bar]> always behaves like a scalar, both in the value it | |
2843 | returns and when evaluating its argument, while C<%foo[&bar]> provides | |
2844 | a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things if you're | |
2845 | expecting only one subscript. When called in list context, it also | |
2846 | returns the index (what C<&bar> returns) in addition to the value. | |
2847 | ||
2848 | =item %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s} | |
2849 | ||
2850 | (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice | |
2851 | (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash. Generally it's | |
2852 | better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The difference | |
2853 | is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves like a scalar, both in the value | |
2854 | it returns and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> and | |
2855 | provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things | |
2856 | if you're expecting only one subscript. When called in list context, | |
2857 | it also returns the key in addition to the value. | |
2858 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2859 | =item Insecure dependency in %s |
2860 | ||
8b1a09fc | 2861 | (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like. |
be771a83 GS |
2862 | The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or |
2863 | setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The | |
2864 | tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly | |
2865 | from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any | |
2866 | such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See | |
2867 | L<perlsec> for more information. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2868 | |
2869 | =item Insecure directory in %s | |
2870 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2871 | (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or |
2872 | setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by | |
df98f984 RGS |
2873 | the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory. |
2874 | See L<perlsec>. | |
a0d0e21e | 2875 | |
62f468fc | 2876 | =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
2877 | |
2878 | (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or | |
62f468fc | 2879 | setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>, |
332d5f78 SR |
2880 | C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data |
2881 | supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set | |
2882 | the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>. | |
a0d0e21e | 2883 | |
0e9be77f DM |
2884 | =item Insecure user-defined property %s |
2885 | ||
2886 | (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular | |
2887 | expression that contains a call to a user-defined character property | |
2888 | function, i.e. C<\p{IsFoo}> or C<\p{InFoo}>. | |
2889 | See L<perlunicode/User-Defined Character Properties> and L<perlsec>. | |
2890 | ||
b9ef414d FC |
2891 | =item Integer overflow in format string for %s |
2892 | ||
2893 | (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()> | |
2894 | or C<sprintf()> are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of | |
2895 | integers for your architecture. | |
2896 | ||
a7ae9550 GS |
2897 | =item Integer overflow in %s number |
2898 | ||
35928bc5 | 2899 | (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified |
be771a83 GS |
2900 | either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for |
2901 | your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number. | |
2902 | On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number | |
9e24b6e2 JH |
2903 | representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or |
2904 | 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl | |
2905 | transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation | |
2906 | internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent | |
2907 | operations. | |
bbce6d69 | 2908 | |
fc89ca81 FC |
2909 | =item Integer overflow in srand |
2910 | ||
2911 | (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit | |
2912 | in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been | |
2913 | replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit | |
2914 | architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than | |
2915 | you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will | |
2916 | return the same sequence of random numbers. | |
2917 | ||
46314c13 JP |
2918 | =item Integer overflow in version |
2919 | ||
18da5252 FC |
2920 | =item Integer overflow in version %d |
2921 | ||
784d71ed FC |
2922 | (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for |
2923 | the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning | |
f084e84f | 2924 | because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use an |
784d71ed FC |
2925 | element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by trying |
2926 | to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like 100/9. | |
46314c13 | 2927 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2928 | =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6df41af2 GS |
2929 | |
2930 | (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser. | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2931 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
b45f050a JF |
2932 | discovered. |
2933 | ||
748a9306 LW |
2934 | =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks |
2935 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2936 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times |
2937 | you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call | |
2938 | to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see | |
2939 | L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so | |
2940 | Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to | |
2941 | terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command. | |
748a9306 | 2942 | |
870978ae FC |
2943 | =item internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions |
2944 | ||
2945 | (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles C<printf> and C<sprintf> | |
2946 | formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when called from | |
2947 | C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of digits followed | |
2948 | by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use. If you see this | |
2949 | message, then an XS module tried to call that routine with one such | |
2950 | reserved format. | |
2951 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2952 | =item Internal urp in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 2953 | |
fa816bf3 | 2954 | (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The |
e0e4a6e3 | 2955 | S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
7253e4e3 | 2956 | discovered. |
a0d0e21e | 2957 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2958 | =item %s (...) interpreted as function |
2959 | ||
75b44862 | 2960 | (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator |
be771a83 | 2961 | followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list |
64977eb6 | 2962 | operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See |
13a2d996 | 2963 | L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>. |
6df41af2 | 2964 | |
f51551f7 FC |
2965 | =item In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; |
2966 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
2967 | ||
2968 | (F) The two-character sequence C<"(?"> in this context in a regular | |
2969 | expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing | |
2970 | intervening between the C<"("> and the C<"?">, but you separated them | |
2971 | with whitespace. | |
2972 | ||
09bef843 SB |
2973 | =item Invalid %s attribute: %s |
2974 | ||
a4a4c9e2 | 2975 | (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized |
09bef843 SB |
2976 | by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>. |
2977 | ||
2978 | =item Invalid %s attributes: %s | |
2979 | ||
a4a4c9e2 | 2980 | (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not |
be771a83 | 2981 | recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>. |
09bef843 | 2982 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2983 | =item Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by |
2984 | S<<-- HERE> in '%s | |
225fb84f KW |
2985 | |
2986 | (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with | |
2987 | the C<:alias> option to C<use charnames> and the specified character in | |
2988 | the indicated name isn't valid. See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>. | |
2989 | ||
c8028aa6 TC |
2990 | =item Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s |
2991 | ||
fa3234e3 FC |
2992 | (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system call |
2993 | arguments produce a warning as of 5.20. The parts after the \0 were | |
2994 | formerly ignored by system calls. | |
c8028aa6 | 2995 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2996 | =item Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by S<<-- HERE> in \N{%s} |
a690c7c4 FC |
2997 | |
2998 | (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The | |
2999 | indicated one isn't. See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>. | |
3000 | ||
c635e13b | 3001 | =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s" |
3002 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3003 | (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See |
3004 | L<perlfunc/sprintf>. | |
c635e13b | 3005 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
3006 | =item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by |
3007 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
9e08bc66 | 3008 | |
98d31c73 | 3009 | (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example C<\xHH>) of value < 256 |
9e08bc66 TS |
3010 | didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion |
3011 | from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. | |
98d31c73 FC |
3012 | The escape was replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) |
3013 | instead, except within S<C<(?[ ])>>, where it is a fatal error. | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3014 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
9e08bc66 TS |
3015 | escape was discovered. |
3016 | ||
8149aa9f FC |
3017 | =item Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} |
3018 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
3019 | =item Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by |
3020 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
aec0ef10 | 3021 | |
8149aa9f | 3022 | (F) The character constant represented by C<...> is not a valid hexadecimal |
74f8e9e3 FC |
3023 | number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a character other than |
3024 | 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. | |
8149aa9f | 3025 | |
6651ba0b FC |
3026 | =item Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':' |
3027 | ||
3028 | (F) The module argument to perl's B<-m> and B<-M> command-line options | |
3029 | cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the | |
3030 | arguments after "=". In other words, B<-MFoo::Bar=:baz> is ok, but | |
3031 | B<-MFoo:Bar=baz> is not. | |
3032 | ||
2c7d6b9c RGS |
3033 | =item Invalid mro name: '%s' |
3034 | ||
162a3e34 FC |
3035 | (F) You tried to C<mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")> or C<use mro 'foo'>, |
3036 | where C<foo> is not a valid method resolution order (MRO). Currently, | |
3037 | the only valid ones supported are C<dfs> and C<c3>, unless you have loaded | |
3038 | a module that is a MRO plugin. See L<mro> and L<perlmroapi>. | |
2c7d6b9c | 3039 | |
40e4140b FC |
3040 | =item Invalid negative number (%s) in chr |
3041 | ||
3042 | (W utf8) You passed a negative number to C<chr>. Negative numbers are | |
abc0aa9d | 3043 | not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode replacement |
40e4140b FC |
3044 | character (U+FFFD). |
3045 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
3046 | =item Invalid number '%s' for -C option. |
3047 | ||
3048 | (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra leading | |
3049 | zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation. | |
3050 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
3051 | =item invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices |
3052 | ||
8ff21bfe FC |
3053 | (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call perl |
3054 | with the B<-D> option with no flags to see the list of acceptable values. | |
982c4ecb | 3055 | See also L<perlrun/-Dletters>. |
6651ba0b | 3056 | |
6e8a73f2 | 3057 | =item Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
35cd12d1 HS |
3058 | |
3059 | (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or max | |
3060 | could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading zeroes, | |
3061 | or it represents too big a number to cope with. The S<<-- HERE> shows | |
3062 | where in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. | |
3063 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 3064 | =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6df41af2 GS |
3065 | |
3066 | (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character | |
7253e4e3 RK |
3067 | greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the |
3068 | C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3069 | up to C<ff>. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
7253e4e3 | 3070 | problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
6df41af2 | 3071 | |
d1573ac7 | 3072 | =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator |
c2e66d9e GS |
3073 | |
3074 | (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum | |
3075 | character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>. | |
3076 | ||
09bef843 SB |
3077 | =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list |
3078 | ||
0120eecf | 3079 | (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the |
be771a83 GS |
3080 | elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a |
3081 | parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon. | |
3082 | See L<attributes>. | |
09bef843 | 3083 | |
b4581f09 JH |
3084 | =item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s |
3085 | ||
2bfc5f71 FC |
3086 | (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other |
3087 | than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list. | |
b4581f09 JH |
3088 | If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that |
3089 | list was terminated too soon. | |
3090 | ||
2c86d456 DG |
3091 | =item Invalid strict version format (%s) |
3092 | ||
fa816bf3 | 3093 | (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for versions. |
2c86d456 DG |
3094 | A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or |
3095 | decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal | |
3096 | v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least three components. | |
a6485a24 | 3097 | The parenthesized text indicates which criteria were not met. |
2c86d456 DG |
3098 | See the L<version> module for more details on allowed version formats. |
3099 | ||
49704364 | 3100 | =item Invalid type '%s' in %s |
96e4d5b1 | 3101 | |
49704364 WL |
3102 | (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. |
3103 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
6728c851 | 3104 | |
49704364 | 3105 | (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be |
75b44862 | 3106 | silently ignored. |
96e4d5b1 | 3107 | |
2c86d456 DG |
3108 | =item Invalid version format (%s) |
3109 | ||
fa816bf3 | 3110 | (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions. |
2c86d456 DG |
3111 | A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or |
3112 | decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal | |
fa816bf3 FC |
3113 | v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it |
3114 | must have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is | |
3115 | optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a | |
3116 | trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character | |
3117 | after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized | |
3118 | text indicates which criteria were not met. See the L<version> module | |
3119 | for more details on allowed version formats. | |
46314c13 | 3120 | |
798ae1b7 DG |
3121 | =item Invalid version object |
3122 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
3123 | (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid. |
3124 | Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or | |
3125 | an arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class. | |
798ae1b7 | 3126 | |
cd209d9d | 3127 | =item In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; |
e0e4a6e3 | 3128 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff | 3129 | |
cd209d9d | 3130 | (F) The two-character sequence C<"(*"> in |
675fa9ff FC |
3131 | this context in a regular expression pattern should be an |
3132 | indivisible token, with nothing intervening between the C<"("> | |
cd209d9d | 3133 | and the C<"*">, but you separated them. |
675fa9ff | 3134 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3135 | =item ioctl is not implemented |
3136 | ||
3137 | (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty | |
3138 | strange for a machine that supports C. | |
3139 | ||
c289d2f7 JH |
3140 | =item ioctl() on unopened %s |
3141 | ||
3142 | (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened. | |
34b6fd5e | 3143 | Check your control flow and number of arguments. |
c289d2f7 | 3144 | |
fe13d51d | 3145 | =item IO layers (like '%s') unavailable |
363c40c4 SB |
3146 | |
3147 | (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore | |
34b6fd5e | 3148 | you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured |
363c40c4 SB |
3149 | with 'useperlio'. |
3150 | ||
80cbd5ad JH |
3151 | =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture |
3152 | ||
3153 | (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality, | |
34b6fd5e | 3154 | neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK). |
80cbd5ad | 3155 | |
6e8a73f2 | 3156 | =item '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
64935bc6 KW |
3157 | |
3158 | (F) You used C<\b{...}> or C<\B{...}> and the C<...> is not known to | |
3159 | Perl. The current valid ones are given in | |
3160 | L<perlrebackslash/\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B>. | |
3161 | ||
1972ac5c | 3162 | =item %s() is deprecated on :utf8 handles. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30 |
74d1b2e4 | 3163 | |
dd6d5da4 | 3164 | (D deprecated) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send() operators are |
74d1b2e4 FC |
3165 | deprecated on handles that have the C<:utf8> layer, either explicitly, or |
3166 | implicitly, eg., with the C<:encoding(UTF-16LE)> layer. | |
3167 | ||
3168 | Both sysread() and recv() currently use only the C<:utf8> flag for the stream, | |
3169 | ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and recv() do no UTF-8 | |
3170 | validation they can end up creating invalidly encoded scalars. | |
3171 | ||
3172 | Similarly, syswrite() and send() use only the C<:utf8> flag, otherwise ignoring | |
3173 | any layers. If the flag is set, both write the value UTF-8 encoded, even if | |
3174 | the layer is some different encoding, such as the example above. | |
3175 | ||
3176 | Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the C<:utf8> state, | |
3177 | working only with bytes, but this would result in silently breaking existing | |
1972ac5c A |
3178 | code. |
3179 | ||
3180 | In Perl 5.30, it will no longer be possible to use sysread(), recv(), | |
3181 | syswrite() or send() to read or send bytes from/to :utf8 handles. | |
74d1b2e4 | 3182 | |
d4360efa | 3183 | =item "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
acdfc3b6 | 3184 | |
d4360efa | 3185 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>> or within C<(?[...])>) |
30b17cc1 | 3186 | |
3f673807 FC |
3187 | You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing it, and |
3188 | which is also portable to platforms running with different character sets. | |
acdfc3b6 | 3189 | |
37398dc1 | 3190 | =item $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 |
a678626e A |
3191 | |
3192 | (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older | |
3193 | perls, has been removed as of 5.10.0 and is no longer supported. In | |
3194 | previous versions of perl the use of C<$*> enabled or disabled multi-line | |
3195 | matching within a string. | |
3196 | ||
3197 | Instead of using C<$*> you should use the C</m> (and maybe C</s>) regexp | |
3198 | modifiers. You can enable C</m> for a lexical scope (even a whole file) | |
3199 | with C<use re '/m'>. (In older versions: when C<$*> was set to a true value | |
3200 | then all regular expressions behaved as if they were written using C</m>.) | |
3201 | ||
37398dc1 A |
3202 | Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30. |
3203 | ||
3204 | =item $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 | |
a678626e A |
3205 | |
3206 | (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older | |
3207 | perls, has been removed as of 5.10.0 and is no longer supported. You | |
3208 | should use the printf/sprintf functions instead. | |
3209 | ||
37398dc1 A |
3210 | Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30. |
3211 | ||
ccf3535a | 3212 | =item '%s' is not a code reference |
6ad11d81 | 3213 | |
6903afa2 FC |
3214 | (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of |
3215 | overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either | |
3216 | an anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine. | |
6ad11d81 | 3217 | |
ccf3535a | 3218 | =item '%s' is not an overloadable type |
6ad11d81 | 3219 | |
04a80ee0 RGS |
3220 | (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is |
3221 | unaware of. | |
6ad11d81 | 3222 | |
5a25739d FC |
3223 | =item -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN |
3224 | ||
3225 | (S inplace) The C<-i> option was passed on the command line, indicating | |
3226 | that the script is intended to edit files in place, but no files were | |
3227 | given. This is usually a mistake, since editing STDIN in place doesn't | |
3228 | make sense, and can be confusing because it can make perl look like | |
3229 | it is hanging when it is really just trying to read from STDIN. You | |
3230 | should either pass a filename to edit, or remove C<-i> from the command | |
3231 | line. See L<perlrun> for more details. | |
3232 | ||
aec0ef10 | 3233 | =item Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e LW |
3234 | |
3235 | (P) The regular expression parser is confused. | |
3236 | ||
3237 | =item Label not found for "last %s" | |
3238 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3239 | (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop |
3240 | of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See | |
3241 | L<perlfunc/last>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3242 | |
3243 | =item Label not found for "next %s" | |
3244 | ||
3245 | (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of | |
3246 | that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See | |
3247 | L<perlfunc/last>. | |
3248 | ||
3249 | =item Label not found for "redo %s" | |
3250 | ||
3251 | (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of | |
3252 | that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See | |
3253 | L<perlfunc/last>. | |
3254 | ||
85ab1d1d | 3255 | =item leaving effective %s failed |
5ff3f7a4 | 3256 | |
85ab1d1d | 3257 | (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and |
5ff3f7a4 GS |
3258 | effective uids or gids failed. |
3259 | ||
49704364 WL |
3260 | =item length/code after end of string in unpack |
3261 | ||
d7f8936a | 3262 | (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack |
6903afa2 FC |
3263 | length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in |
3264 | an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
49704364 | 3265 | |
25e26107 | 3266 | =item length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?) |
e508c8a4 | 3267 | |
0d46a4e7 FC |
3268 | (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you |
3269 | probably wanted a count of the items. | |
e508c8a4 MH |
3270 | |
3271 | Array size can be obtained by doing: | |
3272 | ||
3273 | scalar(@array); | |
3274 | ||
3275 | The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing: | |
3276 | ||
3277 | scalar(keys %hash); | |
3278 | ||
f0e67a1d Z |
3279 | =item Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input |
3280 | ||
d4fe7078 RS |
3281 | (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current parse |
3282 | (using L<lex_stuff_pvn|perlapi/lex_stuff_pvn> or similar), but tried to insert a character that | |
3283 | couldn't be part of the current input. This is an inherent pitfall | |
3284 | of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons to avoid it. Where | |
6903afa2 | 3285 | it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain ASCII is recommended. |
f0e67a1d Z |
3286 | |
3287 | =item Lexing code internal error (%s) | |
3288 | ||
3289 | (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API in a | |
3290 | detectable way. | |
3291 | ||
69282e91 | 3292 | =item listen() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 3293 | |
be771a83 GS |
3294 | (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget |
3295 | to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
3296 | L<perlfunc/listen>. | |
a0d0e21e | 3297 | |
6651ba0b FC |
3298 | =item List form of piped open not implemented |
3299 | ||
3300 | (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments | |
3301 | form of C<open> does not support pipes, such as C<open($pipe, '|-', @args)>. | |
3302 | Use the two-argument C<open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')> form instead. | |
3303 | ||
dc6bb7ba FC |
3304 | =item %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake key %p, needed %p) |
3305 | ||
3306 | (P) A dynamic loading library C<.so> or C<.dll> was being loaded into the | |
3307 | process that was built against a different build of perl than the | |
3308 | said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module will | |
3309 | likely fix this error. | |
3310 | ||
8c6180a9 KW |
3311 | =item Locale '%s' may not work well.%s |
3312 | ||
780fcc9f | 3313 | (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8 one, and |
dae67c56 KW |
3314 | which perl has determined is not fully compatible with what it can |
3315 | handle. The second C<%s> gives a reason. | |
8c6180a9 KW |
3316 | |
3317 | By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in it | |
3318 | that are represented by more than one byte. The only such locales that | |
3319 | Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely the specified locale | |
3320 | is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language such as Chinese or | |
3321 | Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII, the ASCII portion of it | |
780fcc9f | 3322 | may work in Perl. |
8c6180a9 KW |
3323 | |
3324 | Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII, mainly | |
3325 | those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449, can also have | |
3326 | problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII character set get | |
3327 | changed by the locale and are also used by the program. | |
3328 | The warning message lists the determinable conflicting characters. | |
3329 | ||
780fcc9f KW |
3330 | Note that not all incompatibilities are found. |
3331 | ||
3332 | If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch to use a | |
3333 | different locale or use L<Encode> to translate from the locale into | |
3334 | UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned that some things | |
3335 | may break. | |
3336 | ||
3337 | This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into | |
3338 | within the scope of C<S<use locale>>, or on the first possibly-affected | |
3339 | operation if the C<S<use locale>> inherits a bad one. It is not raised | |
3340 | for any operations from the L<POSIX> module. | |
3341 | ||
a2162cd9 FC |
3342 | =item localtime(%f) failed |
3343 | ||
3344 | (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that it could not handle: | |
3345 | too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is C<undef>. | |
3346 | ||
3347 | =item localtime(%f) too large | |
3348 | ||
3349 | (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was larger | |
3350 | than it can reliably handle and C<localtime> probably returned the | |
3351 | wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special | |
3352 | not-a-number value). | |
3353 | ||
3354 | =item localtime(%f) too small | |
3355 | ||
3356 | (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was smaller | |
3357 | than it can reliably handle and C<localtime> probably returned the | |
3358 | wrong date. | |
3359 | ||
58e23c8d | 3360 | =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/ |
b45f050a JF |
3361 | |
3362 | (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can | |
6903afa2 | 3363 | handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. |
2e50fd82 | 3364 | |
b88df990 NC |
3365 | =item Lost precision when %s %f by 1 |
3366 | ||
e63e8a91 FC |
3367 | (W imprecision) The value you attempted to increment or decrement by one |
3368 | is too large for the underlying floating point representation to store | |
3369 | accurately, hence the target of C<++> or C<--> is unchanged. Perl issues this | |
3370 | warning because it has already switched from integers to floating point | |
3371 | when values are too large for integers, and now even floating point is | |
3372 | insufficient. You may wish to switch to using L<Math::BigInt> explicitly. | |
b88df990 | 3373 | |
93fad930 | 3374 | =item lstat() on filehandle%s |
2f7da168 RK |
3375 | |
3376 | (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean | |
3377 | by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat() | |
3378 | instead on the filehandle.) | |
3379 | ||
345d70e3 | 3380 | =item lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine |
bb3abb05 | 3381 | |
345d70e3 FC |
3382 | (W misc) Although L<attributes.pm|attributes> allows this, turning the lvalue |
3383 | attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined | |
3384 | does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you | |
3385 | want, depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact | |
3386 | details subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this | |
3387 | if you really know what you are doing. | |
bb3abb05 | 3388 | |
885ef6f5 GG |
3389 | =item lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined |
3390 | ||
345d70e3 FC |
3391 | (W misc) Using the C<:lvalue> declarative syntax to make a Perl |
3392 | subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is | |
3393 | not permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, | |
3394 | add the lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the C<sub | |
3395 | foo :lvalue;> declaration before the definition. | |
3396 | ||
3397 | See also L<attributes.pm|attributes>. | |
885ef6f5 | 3398 | |
6f1b3ab0 FC |
3399 | =item Magical list constants are not supported |
3400 | ||
3401 | (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried | |
3402 | to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to do | |
3403 | something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl versions. | |
3404 | ||
2db62bbc | 3405 | =item Malformed integer in [] in pack |
49704364 | 3406 | |
2db62bbc | 3407 | (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits |
49704364 WL |
3408 | are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
3409 | ||
3410 | =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack | |
3411 | ||
2db62bbc | 3412 | (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits |
49704364 WL |
3413 | are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
3414 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
3415 | =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX |
3416 | ||
3417 | (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form | |
3418 | ||
3419 | prefix1;prefix2 | |
3420 | ||
3421 | or | |
6df41af2 GS |
3422 | prefix1 prefix2 |
3423 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3424 | with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of |
3425 | a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may | |
3426 | appear if components are not found, or are too long. See | |
fecfaeb8 | 3427 | "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>. |
6df41af2 | 3428 | |
2f758a16 ST |
3429 | =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s |
3430 | ||
d37a9538 ST |
3431 | (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The |
3432 | syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for | |
3433 | obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run | |
3434 | when the function is called. | |
30d9c59b Z |
3435 | Perhaps the function's author was trying to write a subroutine signature |
3436 | but didn't enable that feature first (C<use feature 'signatures'>), | |
3437 | so the signature was instead interpreted as a bad prototype. | |
2f758a16 | 3438 | |
2b5e7bc2 | 3439 | =item Malformed UTF-8 character%s |
ba210ebe | 3440 | |
7cf8d05d KW |
3441 | (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't |
3442 | comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose | |
3443 | ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current | |
3444 | platform (overflows). Details as to the exact malformation are given in | |
3445 | the variable, C<%s>, part of the message. | |
ba210ebe | 3446 | |
2575c402 | 3447 | One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data that |
3f673807 FC |
3448 | you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 8-bit |
3449 | data). To guard against this, you can use C<Encode::decode('UTF-8', ...)>. | |
2575c402 JW |
3450 | |
3451 | If you use the C<:encoding(UTF-8)> PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte | |
3f673807 FC |
3452 | sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use C<:utf8>, the flag is set |
3453 | without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error message. | |
2575c402 JW |
3454 | |
3455 | See also L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">. | |
901b21bf | 3456 | |
bde9e88d | 3457 | =item Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s' |
ff3f963a KW |
3458 | |
3459 | (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8. | |
3460 | ||
714f94d1 FC |
3461 | =item Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s" |
3462 | ||
3463 | (F) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS | |
3464 | code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly | |
3465 | stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as | |
3466 | being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded | |
3467 | in legal UTF-8. The C<%s> is replaced by a string that can be used | |
3468 | by knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked | |
3469 | against was. | |
3470 | ||
3471 | Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and | |
3472 | became fatal in Perl 5.26. | |
3473 | ||
4a5d3a93 FC |
3474 | =item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack |
3475 | ||
3476 | (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding | |
3477 | rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. | |
3478 | ||
f337b084 TH |
3479 | =item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack |
3480 | ||
3481 | (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding | |
3482 | rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. | |
3483 | ||
3484 | =item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack | |
3485 | ||
3486 | (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding | |
3487 | rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. | |
3488 | ||
4a5d3a93 | 3489 | =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate |
f337b084 | 3490 | |
4a5d3a93 FC |
3491 | (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while |
3492 | doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate. | |
3493 | ||
30d9c59b Z |
3494 | =item Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter |
3495 | ||
3496 | (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a = undef, | |
3497 | $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one mandatory. | |
3498 | Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's impossible for the | |
3499 | caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later one. If you want to act | |
3500 | as if the parameters are filled from right to left, declare the rightmost | |
3501 | optional and then shuffle the parameters around in the subroutine's body. | |
3502 | ||
2d88a86a KW |
3503 | =item Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may |
3504 | not be portable | |
3505 | ||
3506 | (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of | |
3507 | Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is storable | |
3508 | in an unsigned integer on your system, but these may not be accepted by | |
3509 | other languages/systems. This message occurs when you matched a string | |
3510 | containing such a code point against a regular expression pattern, and | |
3511 | the code point was matched against a Unicode property, C<\p{...}> or | |
3512 | C<\P{...}>. Unicode properties are only defined on Unicode code points, | |
3513 | so the result of this match is undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting | |
3514 | in v5.20) treats non-Unicode code points as if they were typical | |
3515 | unassigned Unicode ones, and matched this one accordingly. Whether a | |
3516 | given property matches these code points or not is specified in | |
3517 | L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}>. | |
3518 | ||
3519 | This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is | |
3520 | immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode or | |
3521 | not. For example, the property C<\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}> only can match | |
3522 | the 22 characters C<[0-9A-Fa-f]>, so obviously all other code points, | |
3523 | Unicode or not, won't match it. (And C<\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}> will match | |
3524 | every code point except these 22.) | |
3525 | ||
3526 | Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match arguably | |
3527 | should have been the opposite of what actually happened. If you think | |
3528 | that is the case, you may wish to make the C<non_unicode> warnings | |
3529 | category fatal; if you agree with Perl's decision, you may wish to turn | |
3530 | off this category. | |
3531 | ||
3532 | See L<perlunicode/Beyond Unicode code points> for more information. | |
3533 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
3534 | =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
3535 | m/%s/ | |
4a5d3a93 FC |
3536 | |
3537 | (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3538 | regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The S<<-- HERE> |
9e3ec65c | 3539 | shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered. |
4a5d3a93 | 3540 | See L<perlre>. |
f337b084 | 3541 | |
de42a5a9 | 3542 | =item Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded |
2563cec5 | 3543 | |
6903afa2 | 3544 | (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This |
2563cec5 IZ |
3545 | usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals |
3546 | too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from | |
3547 | resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals | |
6903afa2 | 3548 | safely. (See L<perlipc/"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)">.) |
2563cec5 | 3549 | |
25f58aea PN |
3550 | =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word |
3551 | ||
3552 | (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4 | |
3553 | interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is | |
3554 | "use" or "my". | |
3555 | ||
0d2487cd | 3556 | =item '%' may not be used in pack |
6df41af2 GS |
3557 | |
3558 | (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the | |
be771a83 GS |
3559 | checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way. |
3560 | See L<perlfunc/unpack>. | |
6df41af2 | 3561 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3562 | =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing |
3563 | ||
3564 | (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that | |
e7ea3e70 | 3565 | doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>. |
a0d0e21e | 3566 | |
3cdd684c TP |
3567 | =item Method %s not permitted |
3568 | ||
3de20fbe | 3569 | See L</500 Server error>. |
3cdd684c | 3570 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3571 | =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d |
3572 | ||
3573 | (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused | |
3574 | by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually | |
3575 | ended earlier on the current line. | |
3576 | ||
3577 | =item Misplaced _ in number | |
3578 | ||
d4ced10d JH |
3579 | (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not |
3580 | separate two digits. | |
a0d0e21e | 3581 | |
0ea23158 DM |
3582 | =item Missing argument for %n in %s |
3583 | ||
3584 | (F) A C<%n> was used in a format string with no corresponding argument for | |
3585 | perl to write the current string length to. | |
3586 | ||
7baa4690 HS |
3587 | =item Missing argument in %s |
3588 | ||
3664866e AB |
3589 | (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other |
3590 | arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. | |
3591 | ||
3592 | Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more | |
3593 | arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for | |
3594 | other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to | |
3595 | functions are missing, e.g. for the L<perlfunc/pack> function. | |
7baa4690 | 3596 | |
9e81e6a1 RGS |
3597 | =item Missing argument to -%c |
3598 | ||
3599 | (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow | |
3600 | immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces. | |
3601 | ||
ff3f963a | 3602 | =item Missing braces on \N{} |
423cee85 | 3603 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3604 | =item Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
aec0ef10 | 3605 | |
4a2d328f | 3606 | (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within |
532cb70d FC |
3607 | double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space |
3608 | (or comment) between the C<\N> and the C<{> in a regex with the C</x> modifier. | |
3609 | This modifier does not change the requirement that the brace immediately | |
3610 | follow the C<\N>. | |
423cee85 | 3611 | |
f0a2b745 KW |
3612 | =item Missing braces on \o{} |
3613 | ||
3614 | (F) A C<\o> must be followed immediately by a C<{> in double-quotish context. | |
3615 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3616 | =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function |
3617 | ||
3618 | (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an | |
3619 | "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them. | |
3620 | ||
06eaf0bc GS |
3621 | =item Missing command in piped open |
3622 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3623 | (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or |
3624 | C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or | |
3625 | blank. | |
06eaf0bc | 3626 | |
961ce445 RGS |
3627 | =item Missing control char name in \c |
3628 | ||
3629 | (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control | |
3630 | character name. | |
3631 | ||
591f5ca2 FC |
3632 | =item Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s |
3633 | ||
bfe11873 | 3634 | (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with C<[> but never closed with C<]>. |
591f5ca2 | 3635 | |
8767b1ab | 3636 | =item Missing name in "%s sub" |
6df41af2 | 3637 | |
87444db5 | 3638 | (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that |
be771a83 | 3639 | they have a name with which they can be found. |
6df41af2 GS |
3640 | |
3641 | =item Missing $ on loop variable | |
3642 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3643 | (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables |
3644 | are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it | |
3645 | can vary from one line to the next. | |
6df41af2 | 3646 | |
cc507455 | 3647 | =item (Missing operator before %s?) |
748a9306 | 3648 | |
56da5a46 RGS |
3649 | (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message |
3650 | "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma. | |
748a9306 | 3651 | |
33fe1955 | 3652 | =item Missing or undefined argument to %s |
f51551f7 | 3653 | |
33fe1955 | 3654 | (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an undefined |
f51551f7 | 3655 | value as an argument. Require expects either a package name or a |
33fe1955 LM |
3656 | file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename. See |
3657 | L<perlfunc/require EXPR> and L<perlfunc/do EXPR>. | |
f51551f7 | 3658 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3659 | =item Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ab13f0c7 | 3660 | |
ff3f963a KW |
3661 | (F) Missing right brace in C<\x{...}>, C<\p{...}>, C<\P{...}>, or C<\N{...}>. |
3662 | ||
605eee60 | 3663 | =item Missing right brace on \N{} |
faad849d | 3664 | |
4a68bf9d | 3665 | =item Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N |
ff3f963a | 3666 | |
d32207c9 FC |
3667 | (F) C<\N> has two meanings. |
3668 | ||
3669 | The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces, | |
3670 | meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that | |
fa816bf3 | 3671 | name. Thus C<\N{ASTERISK}> is another way of writing C<*>, valid in both |
d32207c9 FC |
3672 | double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In patterns, |
3673 | it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped C<*> does. | |
3674 | ||
3675 | Starting in Perl 5.12.0, C<\N> also can have an additional meaning (only) | |
3676 | in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This is short | |
3677 | for C<[^\n]>, and like C<.> but is not affected by the C</s> regex modifier.) | |
3678 | ||
3679 | This can lead to some ambiguities. When C<\N> is not followed immediately | |
3680 | by a left brace, Perl assumes the C<[^\n]> meaning. Also, if the braces | |
3681 | form a valid quantifier such as C<\N{3}> or C<\N{5,}>, Perl assumes that this | |
3682 | means to match the given quantity of non-newlines (in these examples, | |
3683 | 3; and 5 or more, respectively). In all other case, where there is a | |
3684 | C<\N{> and a matching C<}>, Perl assumes that a character name is desired. | |
3685 | ||
3686 | However, if there is no matching C<}>, Perl doesn't know if it was | |
3687 | mistakenly omitted, or if C<[^\n]{> was desired, and raises this error. | |
3688 | If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant the latter, | |
3689 | escape the brace with a backslash, like so: C<\N\{> | |
ab13f0c7 | 3690 | |
d98d5fff | 3691 | =item Missing right curly or square bracket |
a0d0e21e | 3692 | |
be771a83 GS |
3693 | (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing |
3694 | ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you | |
3695 | were last editing. | |
a0d0e21e | 3696 | |
6df41af2 GS |
3697 | =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?) |
3698 | ||
56da5a46 RGS |
3699 | (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message |
3700 | "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on | |
6df41af2 GS |
3701 | the previous line just because you saw this message. |
3702 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3703 | =item Modification of a read-only value attempted |
3704 | ||
3705 | (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a | |
5f05dabc | 3706 | constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler |
a0d0e21e LW |
3707 | catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is: |
3708 | ||
3709 | sub mod { $_[0] = 1 } | |
3710 | mod(2); | |
3711 | ||
3712 | Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string. | |
3713 | ||
c5674021 |
3714 | Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR> |
3715 | is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>: | |
3716 | ||
b7e4ecc1 FC |
3717 | $x = 1; |
3718 | foreach my $n ($x, 2) { | |
3719 | $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to | |
3720 | } # modify the 2 | |
c5674021 | 3721 | |
7a4340ed | 3722 | =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
3723 | |
3724 | (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the | |
3725 | subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array | |
3726 | backwards. | |
3727 | ||
7a4340ed | 3728 | =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s |
a0d0e21e | 3729 | |
be771a83 GS |
3730 | (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it |
3731 | couldn't be created for some peculiar reason. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3732 | |
3733 | =item Module name must be constant | |
3734 | ||
3735 | (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use". | |
3736 | ||
be98fb35 | 3737 | =item Module name required with -%c option |
6df41af2 | 3738 | |
be98fb35 GS |
3739 | (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but |
3740 | you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details | |
3741 | about C<-M> and C<-m>. | |
6df41af2 | 3742 | |
fe13d51d | 3743 | =item More than one argument to '%s' open |
ed9aa3b7 | 3744 | |
6903afa2 | 3745 | (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This |
ed9aa3b7 SG |
3746 | can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a |
3747 | list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode. | |
3748 | See L<perlfunc/open> for details. | |
3749 | ||
85396b18 FC |
3750 | =item mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d |
3751 | ||
3752 | (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see | |
3753 | L<perlguts/"Copy on Write">), but a shared string buffer | |
3754 | could not be made read-only. | |
3755 | ||
92951bce FC |
3756 | =item mprotect for %p %u failed with %d |
3757 | ||
85396b18 FC |
3758 | (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see L<perlhacktips>), |
3759 | but an op tree could not be made read-only. | |
3760 | ||
3761 | =item mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d | |
3762 | ||
3763 | (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see | |
3764 | L<perlguts/"Copy on Write">), but a read-only shared string | |
3765 | buffer could not be made mutable. | |
3766 | ||
92951bce FC |
3767 | =item mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d |
3768 | ||
3769 | (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see | |
85396b18 FC |
3770 | L<perlhacktips>), but a read-only op tree could not be made |
3771 | mutable before freeing the ops. | |
92951bce | 3772 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3773 | =item msg%s not implemented |
3774 | ||
3775 | (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system. | |
3776 | ||
3777 | =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported | |
3778 | ||
75b44862 GS |
3779 | (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>. |
3780 | They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C. | |
8b1a09fc | 3781 | |
d3d9da4a DM |
3782 | =item Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed |
3783 | ||
3784 | (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter (C<@> or C<%>) must be | |
3785 | the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them; for | |
3786 | example: | |
3787 | ||
3788 | sub foo ($a, @b) {} # legal | |
3789 | sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid | |
3790 | ||
49704364 | 3791 | =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack |
6df41af2 | 3792 | |
49704364 WL |
3793 | (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not |
3794 | follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value. | |
3795 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
6df41af2 | 3796 | |
c869951c | 3797 | =item %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator |
f4240379 KW |
3798 | |
3799 | (F) Transliteration (C<tr///> and C<y///>) transliterates individual | |
3800 | characters. But a named sequence by definition is more than an | |
3801 | individual charater, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't make | |
3802 | sense. | |
3803 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
3804 | =item "my sub" not yet implemented |
3805 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3806 | (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try |
3807 | that yet. | |
6df41af2 | 3808 | |
a21eb52b FC |
3809 | =item "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package |
3810 | ||
3811 | (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't make | |
3812 | sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. | |
3813 | ||
5a25739d FC |
3814 | =item "my %s" used in sort comparison |
3815 | ||
3816 | (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort comparisons. | |
3817 | You used $a or $b in as an operand to the C<< <=> >> or C<cmp> operator inside a | |
3818 | sort comparison block, and the variable had earlier been declared as a | |
3819 | lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the package | |
3820 | name, or rename the lexical variable. | |
3821 | ||
fd1b7234 | 3822 | =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package |
6df41af2 | 3823 | |
be771a83 GS |
3824 | (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make |
3825 | sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use | |
3826 | local() if you want to localize a package variable. | |
09bef843 | 3827 | |
8149aa9f FC |
3828 | =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo |
3829 | ||
c59aba6c FC |
3830 | (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable |
3831 | names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then | |
3832 | just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> | |
08a33b6b | 3833 | declaration is also provided for this purpose. |
c59aba6c | 3834 | |
66a1f5ec FC |
3835 | NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used |
3836 | only once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this | |
3837 | warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c, | |
3838 | %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or | |
c59aba6c FC |
3839 | format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once |
3840 | but also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning. | |
3841 | Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special | |
3842 | identifiers (q.v. L<perldata>) are exempt from this warning. | |
8149aa9f | 3843 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3844 | =item Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
0d0b4b3b KW |
3845 | |
3846 | (F) Within S<C<(?[ ])>>, all constants interpreted as octal need to be | |
3847 | exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If your | |
3848 | constant is too short, add leading zeros, like | |
3849 | ||
3850 | (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error! | |
3851 | (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works | |
3852 | (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer | |
3853 | ||
3854 | The maximum number this construct can express is C<\777>. If you | |
675fa9ff FC |
3855 | need a larger one, you need to use L<\o{}|perlrebackslash/Octal escapes> instead. If you meant |
3856 | two separate things, you need to separate them: | |
0d0b4b3b KW |
3857 | |
3858 | (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error! | |
3859 | (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning | |
3860 | (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning | |
3861 | (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another | |
3862 | ||
49704364 WL |
3863 | =item Negative '/' count in unpack |
3864 | ||
3865 | (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was | |
3866 | negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
3867 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3868 | =item Negative length |
3869 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3870 | (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer |
3871 | length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine. | |
a0d0e21e | 3872 | |
ed9aa3b7 SG |
3873 | =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context |
3874 | ||
3875 | (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be | |
3876 | greater than or equal to zero. | |
3877 | ||
b3211734 KW |
3878 | =item Negative repeat count does nothing |
3879 | ||
3880 | (W numeric) You tried to execute the | |
3881 | L<C<x>|perlop/Multiplicative Operators> repetition operator fewer than 0 | |
3882 | times, which doesn't make sense. | |
3883 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 3884 | =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e | 3885 | |
6903afa2 | 3886 | (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. |
e0e4a6e3 | 3887 | So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The S<<-- HERE> shows |
9e3ec65c | 3888 | whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered. |
a0d0e21e | 3889 | |
7253e4e3 | 3890 | Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and |
be771a83 | 3891 | C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>. |
a0d0e21e | 3892 | |
6df41af2 | 3893 | =item %s never introduced |
a0d0e21e | 3894 | |
be771a83 GS |
3895 | (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of |
3896 | scope before it could possibly have been used. | |
a0d0e21e | 3897 | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
3898 | =item next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method |
3899 | ||
3900 | (F) C<next::method> needs to be called within the context of a | |
3901 | real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context. | |
3902 | See L<mro>. | |
3903 | ||
5a25739d | 3904 | =item \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex; |
e0e4a6e3 | 3905 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
5a25739d | 3906 | |
32a77fbe FC |
3907 | (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of C<\N> as C<[^\n]> is not valid in a |
3908 | bracketed character class, for the same reason that C<.> in a character | |
3909 | class loses its specialness: it matches almost everything, which is | |
3910 | probably not what you want. | |
5a25739d | 3911 | |
022a330c | 3912 | =item \N{} in inverted character class or as a range end-point is restricted to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ |
0b4ce96d | 3913 | |
f3ba6905 FC |
3914 | (F) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a |
3915 | multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is | |
3916 | supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the | |
3917 | whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted (C<[^...]>), | |
3918 | or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a range. The | |
3919 | mathematically logical behavior for what matches when inverting | |
3920 | is very different from what people expect, so we have decided to | |
3921 | forbid it. Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the | |
3922 | C<\N{...}> is used as one of the end points of the range, such as in | |
8f0cd35a KW |
3923 | |
3924 | [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}] | |
3925 | ||
f3ba6905 FC |
3926 | What is meant here is unclear, as the C<\N{...}> escape is a sequence |
3927 | of code points, so this is made an error. | |
0b4ce96d | 3928 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
3929 | =item \N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer in regex; marked by |
3930 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
5a25739d FC |
3931 | |
3932 | (F) When compiling a regex pattern, an unresolved named character or | |
3933 | sequence was encountered. This can happen in any of several ways that | |
3934 | bypass the lexer, such as using single-quotish context, or an extra | |
3935 | backslash in double-quotish: | |
3936 | ||
3937 | $re = '\N{SPACE}'; # Wrong! | |
3938 | $re = "\\N{SPACE}"; # Wrong! | |
3939 | /$re/; | |
3940 | ||
3941 | Instead, use double-quotes with a single backslash: | |
3942 | ||
3943 | $re = "\N{SPACE}"; # ok | |
3944 | /$re/; | |
3945 | ||
3946 | The lexer can be bypassed as well by creating the pattern from smaller | |
3947 | components: | |
3948 | ||
3949 | $re = '\N'; | |
3950 | /${re}{SPACE}/; # Wrong! | |
3951 | ||
3952 | It's not a good idea to split a construct in the middle like this, and | |
3953 | it doesn't work here. Instead use the solution above. | |
3954 | ||
3955 | Finally, the message also can happen under the C</x> regex modifier when the | |
3956 | C<\N> is separated by spaces from the C<{>, in which case, remove the spaces. | |
3957 | ||
3958 | /\N {SPACE}/x; # Wrong! | |
3959 | /\N{SPACE}/x; # ok | |
3960 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3961 | =item No %s allowed while running setuid |
3962 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3963 | (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or |
3964 | setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there | |
3965 | will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least | |
3966 | securable. See L<perlsec>. | |
a0d0e21e | 3967 | |
6651ba0b FC |
3968 | =item No code specified for -%c |
3969 | ||
3970 | (F) Perl's B<-e> and B<-E> command-line options require an argument. If | |
3971 | you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a separate | |
3972 | argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1: | |
3973 | ||
3974 | perl -e "" | |
3975 | perl -e0 | |
3976 | perl -e1 | |
3977 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3978 | =item No comma allowed after %s |
3979 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
3980 | (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is |
3981 | not allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3982 | Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments. |
3983 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
3984 | One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported |
3985 | a constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such | |
3986 | importing took place, it may for example be that your operating | |
3987 | system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did | |
3988 | use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to see; | |
3989 | please see L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an | |
3990 | explicit import list would probably have caught this error earlier | |
3991 | it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating system | |
3992 | still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo in | |
3993 | the constants of the symbol import list of B<use> or B<import> or in the | |
3994 | constant name at the line where this error was triggered? | |
0a753a76 | 3995 | |
748a9306 LW |
3996 | =item No command into which to pipe on command line |
3997 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3998 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
3999 | redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it | |
4000 | doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command. | |
748a9306 | 4001 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4002 | =item No DB::DB routine defined |
4003 | ||
be771a83 | 4004 | (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but |
f7af5ce1 | 4005 | for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::> |
ccafdc96 RGS |
4006 | module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each |
4007 | statement. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4008 | |
4009 | =item No dbm on this machine | |
4010 | ||
4011 | (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should | |
5f05dabc | 4012 | supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>. |
a0d0e21e | 4013 | |
ccafdc96 | 4014 | =item No DB::sub routine defined |
a0d0e21e | 4015 | |
ccafdc96 RGS |
4016 | (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but |
4017 | for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::> | |
4018 | module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning | |
4019 | of each ordinary subroutine call. | |
a0d0e21e | 4020 | |
6651ba0b FC |
4021 | =item No directory specified for -I |
4022 | ||
4023 | (F) The B<-I> command-line switch requires a directory name as part of the | |
4024 | I<same> argument. Use B<-Ilib>, for instance. B<-I lib> won't work. | |
4025 | ||
c47ff5f1 | 4026 | =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line |
748a9306 | 4027 | |
be771a83 GS |
4028 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
4029 | redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't | |
4030 | find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr. | |
748a9306 | 4031 | |
49704364 WL |
4032 | =item No group ending character '%c' found in template |
4033 | ||
4034 | (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its | |
6903afa2 | 4035 | matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
49704364 | 4036 | |
c47ff5f1 | 4037 | =item No input file after < on command line |
748a9306 | 4038 | |
be771a83 GS |
4039 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
4040 | redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the | |
4041 | name of the file from which to read data for stdin. | |
748a9306 | 4042 | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
4043 | =item No next::method '%s' found for %s |
4044 | ||
4045 | (F) C<next::method> found no further instances of this method name | |
4046 | in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't want | |
4047 | it throwing an exception, use C<maybe::next::method> | |
fa816bf3 | 4048 | or C<next::can>. See L<mro>. |
2c7d6b9c | 4049 | |
02a7a248 JH |
4050 | =item Non-finite repeat count does nothing |
4051 | ||
4052 | (W numeric) You tried to execute the | |
8a737443 FC |
4053 | L<C<x>|perlop/Multiplicative Operators> repetition operator C<Inf> (or |
4054 | C<-Inf>) or C<NaN> times, which doesn't make sense. | |
02a7a248 | 4055 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4056 | =item Non-hex character in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
4057 | |
4058 | (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character where | |
4059 | a hex one was expected, like | |
4060 | ||
4061 | (?[ [ \xDG ] ]) | |
4062 | (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ]) | |
4063 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 4064 | =item Non-octal character in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
4065 | |
4066 | (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where | |
4067 | an octal one was expected, like | |
4068 | ||
4069 | (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ]) | |
4070 | ||
4071 | =item Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as "%s" | |
4072 | ||
4073 | (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was | |
4074 | unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value | |
4075 | is as indicated. | |
4076 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4077 | =item "no" not allowed in expression |
4078 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4079 | (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and |
4080 | returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>. | |
6df41af2 | 4081 | |
675fa9ff FC |
4082 | =item Non-string passed as bitmask |
4083 | ||
4084 | (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select(). | |
4085 | Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for | |
4086 | select. See L<perlfunc/select>. | |
4087 | ||
c47ff5f1 | 4088 | =item No output file after > on command line |
748a9306 | 4089 | |
be771a83 GS |
4090 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
4091 | redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it | |
4092 | doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout. | |
748a9306 | 4093 | |
c47ff5f1 | 4094 | =item No output file after > or >> on command line |
748a9306 | 4095 | |
be771a83 GS |
4096 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
4097 | redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't | |
4098 | find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout. | |
748a9306 | 4099 | |
8d9d0498 FC |
4100 | =item No package name allowed for subroutine %s in "our" |
4101 | ||
1ec3e8de GS |
4102 | =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our" |
4103 | ||
8d9d0498 FC |
4104 | (F) Fully qualified subroutine and variable names are not allowed in "our" |
4105 | declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing rules. | |
4106 | Such syntax is reserved for future extensions. | |
1ec3e8de | 4107 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4108 | =item No Perl script found in input |
4109 | ||
4110 | (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning | |
4111 | with #! and containing the word "perl". | |
4112 | ||
4113 | =item No setregid available | |
4114 | ||
4115 | (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for | |
4116 | your system. | |
4117 | ||
4118 | =item No setreuid available | |
4119 | ||
4120 | (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for | |
4121 | your system. | |
4122 | ||
5a25739d FC |
4123 | =item No such class %s |
4124 | ||
4125 | (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" | |
4126 | declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your program. | |
4127 | ||
e75d1f10 RD |
4128 | =item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s |
4129 | ||
b7e4ecc1 FC |
4130 | (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed |
4131 | variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. | |
4132 | The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the | |
4133 | L<fields> pragma. | |
e75d1f10 | 4134 | |
3c20a832 SP |
4135 | =item No such hook: %s |
4136 | ||
dc7e5945 FC |
4137 | (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl. |
4138 | Currently, Perl accepts C<__DIE__> and C<__WARN__> as valid signal hooks. | |
3c20a832 | 4139 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4140 | =item No such pipe open |
4141 | ||
4142 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to | |
be771a83 GS |
4143 | close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught |
4144 | earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle. | |
6df41af2 | 4145 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4146 | =item No such signal: SIG%s |
4147 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4148 | (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was |
4149 | not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal | |
4150 | names on your system. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4151 | |
4152 | =item Not a CODE reference | |
4153 | ||
4154 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a | |
4155 | subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can | |
be771a83 GS |
4156 | use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See |
4157 | also L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e | 4158 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4159 | =item Not a GLOB reference |
4160 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4161 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a |
4162 | symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to | |
4163 | something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what | |
4164 | kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4165 | |
4166 | =item Not a HASH reference | |
4167 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4168 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a |
4169 | reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to | |
4170 | find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e | 4171 | |
b913d0b8 FC |
4172 | =item '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature |
4173 | ||
4174 | (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a sigil | |
4175 | (C<$>, C<@> or C<%>), needs to be separated by whitespace or a commma etc., in | |
4176 | particular to avoid confusion with the C<$#> variable. For example: | |
4177 | ||
4178 | # bad | |
4179 | sub f ($# ignore first arg | |
4180 | , $b) {} | |
4181 | # good | |
4182 | sub f ($, # ignore first arg | |
4183 | $b) {} | |
4184 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4185 | =item Not an ARRAY reference |
4186 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4187 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found |
4188 | a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function | |
4189 | to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. | |
6df41af2 | 4190 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4191 | =item Not a SCALAR reference |
4192 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4193 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found |
4194 | a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function | |
4195 | to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4196 | |
4197 | =item Not a subroutine reference | |
4198 | ||
4199 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a | |
4200 | subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can | |
be771a83 GS |
4201 | use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See |
4202 | also L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e | 4203 | |
e7ea3e70 | 4204 | =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table |
a0d0e21e LW |
4205 | |
4206 | (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that | |
8b1a09fc | 4207 | doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>. |
a0d0e21e | 4208 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4209 | =item Not enough arguments for %s |
4210 | ||
4211 | (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified. | |
4212 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4213 | =item Not enough format arguments |
4214 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4215 | (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line |
4216 | supplied. See L<perlform>. | |
6df41af2 GS |
4217 | |
4218 | =item %s: not found | |
4219 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4220 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead |
4221 | of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl | |
4222 | yourself. | |
6df41af2 | 4223 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4224 | =item (?[...]) not valid in locale in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
4225 | |
4226 | (F) C<(?[...])> cannot be used within the scope of a C<S<use locale>> or with | |
4227 | an C</l> regular expression modifier, as that would require deferring | |
4228 | to run-time the calculation of what it should evaluate to, and it is | |
4229 | regex compile-time only. | |
4230 | ||
6df41af2 | 4231 | =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC |
a0d0e21e | 4232 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4233 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local |
4234 | timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent | |
be771a83 GS |
4235 | to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name |
4236 | F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which | |
4237 | need to be added to UTC to get local time. | |
a0d0e21e | 4238 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4239 | =item NULL OP IN RUN |
4240 | ||
f84fe999 | 4241 | (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode |
be771a83 | 4242 | pointer. |
6df41af2 | 4243 | |
55497cff | 4244 | =item Null picture in formline |
4245 | ||
4246 | (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture | |
4247 | specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you | |
4248 | supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>. | |
4249 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4250 | =item Null realloc |
4251 | ||
4252 | (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL. | |
4253 | ||
4254 | =item NULL regexp argument | |
4255 | ||
5f05dabc | 4256 | (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time. |
a0d0e21e LW |
4257 | |
4258 | =item NULL regexp parameter | |
4259 | ||
4260 | (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd. | |
4261 | ||
fc36a67e | 4262 | =item Number too long |
4263 | ||
be771a83 | 4264 | (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to |
da75cd15 | 4265 | about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future |
be771a83 GS |
4266 | versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In |
4267 | the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of | |
4268 | "1_000_000"). | |
fc36a67e | 4269 | |
f0a2b745 KW |
4270 | =item Number with no digits |
4271 | ||
1043934d | 4272 | (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked like |
6903afa2 | 4273 | a number. This happens, for example with C<\o{}>, with no number between |
1043934d | 4274 | the braces. |
f0a2b745 | 4275 | |
252aa082 JH |
4276 | =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable |
4277 | ||
75b44862 | 4278 | (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 |
be771a83 GS |
4279 | (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See |
4280 | L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. | |
252aa082 | 4281 | |
ac7609e4 | 4282 | =item Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s' |
30d9c59b Z |
4283 | |
4284 | (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature | |
4285 | received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash. It requires | |
4286 | the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys as values. | |
35e5ce67 | 4287 | The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault. |
30d9c59b | 4288 | |
ac7609e4 AC |
4289 | The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine. If the |
4290 | subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name will be shown, | |
4291 | regardless of what name the caller used. | |
4292 | ||
6ad11d81 JH |
4293 | =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant |
4294 | ||
04a80ee0 | 4295 | (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of |
6903afa2 | 4296 | arguments. The arguments should come in pairs. |
6ad11d81 | 4297 | |
b21befc1 MG |
4298 | =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash |
4299 | ||
4300 | (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, | |
4301 | which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs. | |
4302 | ||
1930e939 | 4303 | =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment |
a0d0e21e | 4304 | |
be771a83 GS |
4305 | (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, |
4306 | which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs. | |
a0d0e21e | 4307 | |
bbce6d69 | 4308 | =item Offset outside string |
4309 | ||
1fa582fa | 4310 | (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation |
42bc49da | 4311 | with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to |
f5a7294f JH |
4312 | imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will |
4313 | take place when going past the end of the string when either | |
4314 | C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened | |
0f44b2a5 | 4315 | for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behavior |
1a7a2554 | 4316 | with real files). |
bbce6d69 | 4317 | |
2cb35ee0 FC |
4318 | =item Old package separator used in string |
4319 | ||
4320 | (W syntax) You used the old package separator, "'", in a variable | |
4321 | named inside a double-quoted string; e.g., C<"In $name's house">. This | |
4322 | is equivalent to C<"In $name::s house">. If you meant the former, put | |
4323 | a backslash before the apostrophe (C<"In $name\'s house">). | |
4324 | ||
c289d2f7 | 4325 | =item %s() on unopened %s |
2dd78f96 JH |
4326 | |
4327 | (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was | |
4328 | never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket() | |
4329 | call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package. | |
4330 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
4331 | =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s |
4332 | ||
4333 | (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle | |
4334 | that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>. | |
4335 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4336 | =item oops: oopsAV |
4337 | ||
e476b1b5 | 4338 | (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up. |
a0d0e21e LW |
4339 | |
4340 | =item oops: oopsHV | |
4341 | ||
e476b1b5 | 4342 | (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up. |
a0d0e21e | 4343 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
4344 | =item Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
4345 | m/%s/ | |
0d0b4b3b | 4346 | |
675fa9ff | 4347 | (F) You wrote something like |
0d0b4b3b KW |
4348 | |
4349 | (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ]) | |
4350 | ||
4351 | There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to combine | |
4352 | them. | |
4353 | ||
a0288114 | 4354 | =item Operation "%s": no method found, %s |
44a8e56a | 4355 | |
be771a83 GS |
4356 | (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no |
4357 | handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms | |
4358 | of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless | |
e4aad80d | 4359 | the C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>. |
44a8e56a | 4360 | |
5ff1373f | 4361 | =item Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X |
9ae3ac1a | 4362 | |
52d1f2c9 | 4363 | (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules |
b5af3ad2 FC |
4364 | on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not |
4365 | defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you. | |
9ae3ac1a KW |
4366 | |
4367 | If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive | |
4368 | matching in a regular expression was done on the code point. | |
4369 | ||
4370 | If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by | |
8457b38f | 4371 | C<no warnings 'non_unicode';>. |
9ae3ac1a | 4372 | |
5ff1373f | 4373 | =item Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X |
9ae3ac1a | 4374 | |
4c2e59a0 | 4375 | (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode |
52d1f2c9 | 4376 | rules on a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use |
ad94bb39 | 4377 | of surrogates for anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but |
52d1f2c9 | 4378 | rules are (reluctantly) defined for the surrogates, and |
ad94bb39 FC |
4379 | they are to do nothing for this operation. Because the use of |
4380 | surrogates can be dangerous, Perl warns. | |
9ae3ac1a KW |
4381 | |
4382 | If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive | |
4383 | matching in a regular expression was done on the code point. | |
4384 | ||
4385 | If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by | |
8457b38f | 4386 | C<no warnings 'surrogate';>. |
9ae3ac1a | 4387 | |
748a9306 LW |
4388 | =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s |
4389 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4390 | (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser |
4391 | was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to | |
4392 | use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For | |
4393 | example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said | |
4394 | "*foo * 'foo'". | |
748a9306 | 4395 | |
30d9c59b Z |
4396 | =item Optional parameter lacks default expression |
4397 | ||
4398 | (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =", making a | |
4399 | named optional parameter without a default value. A nameless optional | |
4400 | parameter is permitted to have no default value, but a named one must | |
4401 | have a specific default. You probably want "$a = undef". | |
4402 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4403 | =item "our" variable %s redeclared |
4404 | ||
52e3acf8 | 4405 | (W shadow) You seem to have already declared the same global once before |
be771a83 | 4406 | in the current lexical scope. |
6df41af2 | 4407 | |
a80b8354 GS |
4408 | =item Out of memory! |
4409 | ||
4410 | (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient | |
be771a83 GS |
4411 | remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has |
4412 | no option but to exit immediately. | |
a80b8354 | 4413 | |
19a52907 JH |
4414 | At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your |
4415 | process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and | |
4416 | C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check | |
4417 | the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a> | |
4418 | and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively. | |
4419 | ||
6d3b25aa RGS |
4420 | =item Out of memory during %s extend |
4421 | ||
4422 | (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond | |
4423 | the largest possible memory allocation. | |
4424 | ||
6df41af2 | 4425 | =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s |
a0d0e21e | 4426 | |
6df41af2 | 4427 | (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient |
6903afa2 | 4428 | remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However, |
be771a83 GS |
4429 | the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a |
4430 | possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted. | |
a0d0e21e | 4431 | |
1b979e0a | 4432 | =item Out of memory during request for %s |
a0d0e21e | 4433 | |
1fa582fa | 4434 | (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was |
be771a83 GS |
4435 | insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the |
4436 | request. | |
eff9c6e2 CS |
4437 | |
4438 | The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it | |
4439 | depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable. | |
be771a83 GS |
4440 | However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an |
4441 | emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error | |
b022d2d2 IZ |
4442 | is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file |
4443 | where the failed request happened. | |
55497cff | 4444 | |
1b979e0a IZ |
4445 | =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request |
4446 | ||
4447 | (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error | |
be771a83 GS |
4448 | is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g., |
4449 | C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>. | |
1b979e0a | 4450 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4451 | =item Out of memory for yacc stack |
4452 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4453 | (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue |
4454 | parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or | |
4455 | otherwise. | |
6df41af2 | 4456 | |
28be1210 TH |
4457 | =item '.' outside of string in pack |
4458 | ||
4459 | (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working | |
4460 | position to before the start of the packed string being built. | |
4461 | ||
49704364 | 4462 | =item '@' outside of string in unpack |
6df41af2 | 4463 | |
49704364 | 4464 | (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside |
6df41af2 GS |
4465 | the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
4466 | ||
f337b084 TH |
4467 | =item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack |
4468 | ||
4469 | (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside | |
6903afa2 | 4470 | the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid |
fa816bf3 | 4471 | UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
f337b084 | 4472 | |
7778d804 FC |
4473 | =item overload arg '%s' is invalid |
4474 | ||
4475 | (W overload) The L<overload> pragma was passed an argument it did not | |
4476 | recognize. Did you mistype an operator? | |
4477 | ||
7cb0cfe6 BM |
4478 | =item Overloaded dereference did not return a reference |
4479 | ||
4480 | (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was dereferenced, | |
6903afa2 | 4481 | but the overloaded operation did not return a reference. See |
7cb0cfe6 BM |
4482 | L<overload>. |
4483 | ||
4484 | =item Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP | |
4485 | ||
4486 | (F) An object with a C<qr> overload was used as part of a match, but the | |
6903afa2 | 4487 | overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See L<overload>. |
7cb0cfe6 | 4488 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4489 | =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s |
4490 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4491 | (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a |
4492 | package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself | |
4493 | some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a | |
4494 | mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>. | |
6df41af2 | 4495 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
4496 | =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow |
4497 | ||
4498 | (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your | |
4499 | signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
4500 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4501 | =item page overflow |
4502 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4503 | (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a |
4504 | page. See L<perlform>. | |
a0d0e21e | 4505 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4506 | =item panic: %s |
4507 | ||
4508 | (P) An internal error. | |
4509 | ||
c99a1475 NC |
4510 | =item panic: attempt to call %s in %s |
4511 | ||
4512 | (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls | |
4513 | an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this | |
4514 | platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to | |
4515 | enter this branch on this platform. | |
4516 | ||
d5e473ac SH |
4517 | =item panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled |
4518 | ||
4519 | (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on Windows | |
4520 | was not scheduled within the time period allowed and therefore was not | |
4521 | able to initialize properly. | |
4522 | ||
5637ef5b | 4523 | =item panic: ck_grep, type=%u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4524 | |
4525 | (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep. | |
4526 | ||
5637ef5b | 4527 | =item panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld |
a0d0e21e | 4528 | |
be771a83 GS |
4529 | (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than |
4530 | there are in the savestack. | |
a0d0e21e | 4531 | |
810b8aa5 GS |
4532 | =item panic: del_backref |
4533 | ||
4534 | (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak | |
4535 | reference. | |
4536 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4537 | =item panic: do_subst |
4538 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4539 | (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational |
4540 | data. | |
a0d0e21e | 4541 | |
2269b42e | 4542 | =item panic: do_trans_%s |
a0d0e21e | 4543 | |
2269b42e | 4544 | (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational |
be771a83 | 4545 | data. |
a0d0e21e | 4546 | |
b7f7fd0b NC |
4547 | =item panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d |
4548 | ||
10203f38 | 4549 | (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval> |
b7f7fd0b NC |
4550 | failure was caught. |
4551 | ||
255abbe7 | 4552 | =item panic: frexp: %f |
c635e13b | 4553 | |
4554 | (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible. | |
4555 | ||
5637ef5b | 4556 | =item panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld |
a0d0e21e LW |
4557 | |
4558 | (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label, | |
4559 | and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in. | |
4560 | ||
b0d55c99 FC |
4561 | =item panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer |
4562 | ||
4563 | (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried | |
6903afa2 FC |
4564 | repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob. |
4565 | Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to | |
4566 | the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob. | |
b0d55c99 | 4567 | |
5637ef5b | 4568 | =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4569 | |
4570 | (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier. | |
4571 | ||
5637ef5b | 4572 | =item panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4573 | |
4574 | (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets. | |
4575 | ||
e446cec8 IZ |
4576 | =item panic: kid popen errno read |
4577 | ||
1f91b9f5 | 4578 | (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno. |
e446cec8 | 4579 | |
5637ef5b | 4580 | =item panic: last, type=%u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4581 | |
4582 | (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered | |
4583 | it wasn't a block context. | |
4584 | ||
4585 | =item panic: leave_scope clearsv | |
4586 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4587 | (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the |
4588 | scope. | |
a0d0e21e | 4589 | |
5637ef5b | 4590 | =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4591 | |
4592 | (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an | |
4593 | invalid enum on the top of it. | |
4594 | ||
810b8aa5 GS |
4595 | =item panic: magic_killbackrefs |
4596 | ||
4597 | (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak | |
4598 | references to an object. | |
4599 | ||
5637ef5b | 4600 | =item panic: malloc, %s |
6df41af2 GS |
4601 | |
4602 | (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc. | |
4603 | ||
27d5b266 JH |
4604 | =item panic: memory wrap |
4605 | ||
46f9c2c2 FC |
4606 | (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or a |
4607 | negative amount. | |
27d5b266 | 4608 | |
5637ef5b | 4609 | =item panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4610 | |
4611 | (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating | |
4612 | and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. | |
4613 | ||
5637ef5b | 4614 | =item panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4615 | |
4616 | (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating | |
4617 | and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. | |
4618 | ||
4619 | =item panic: pad_free po | |
4620 | ||
c1bd5aaa | 4621 | (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt was |
61a9f070 | 4622 | made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin with. |
a0d0e21e | 4623 | |
5637ef5b | 4624 | =item panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4625 | |
4626 | (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating | |
4627 | and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. | |
4628 | ||
4629 | =item panic: pad_sv po | |
4630 | ||
61a9f070 FC |
4631 | (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely |
4632 | an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated | |
4633 | for whatever reason. | |
a0d0e21e | 4634 | |
5637ef5b | 4635 | =item panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4636 | |
4637 | (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating | |
4638 | and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. | |
4639 | ||
4640 | =item panic: pad_swipe po | |
4641 | ||
4642 | (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally. | |
4643 | ||
5637ef5b | 4644 | =item panic: pp_iter, type=%u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4645 | |
4646 | (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame. | |
4647 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
4648 | =item panic: pp_match%s |
4649 | ||
4650 | (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational | |
4651 | data. | |
4652 | ||
5637ef5b | 4653 | =item panic: realloc, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4654 | |
4655 | (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc. | |
4656 | ||
ccfb6d2e FC |
4657 | =item panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1) |
4658 | ||
4659 | (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a | |
4660 | reference count other than 1. | |
4661 | ||
5637ef5b | 4662 | =item panic: restartop in %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4663 | |
4664 | (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and | |
4665 | didn't supply the destination. | |
4666 | ||
5637ef5b | 4667 | =item panic: return, type=%u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4668 | |
4669 | (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and | |
4670 | then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context. | |
4671 | ||
5637ef5b | 4672 | =item panic: scan_num, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4673 | |
4674 | (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number. | |
4675 | ||
4599db5f | 4676 | =item panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/ |
d24ca0c5 | 4677 | |
1f91b9f5 | 4678 | (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{}) code |
d24ca0c5 DM |
4679 | blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have already been |
4680 | seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the regex compiler. | |
4681 | ||
5a25739d FC |
4682 | =item panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u |
4683 | ||
4684 | (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm() failed. | |
4685 | In your current locale the returned transformation of the string "ab" | |
4686 | is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no sense. | |
4687 | ||
6c65d5f9 NC |
4688 | =item panic: sv_chop %s |
4689 | ||
4690 | (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within the | |
4691 | scalar's string buffer. | |
4692 | ||
5637ef5b | 4693 | =item panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4694 | |
4695 | (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there | |
4696 | was string. | |
4697 | ||
4698 | =item panic: top_env | |
4699 | ||
6224f72b | 4700 | (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that. |
a0d0e21e | 4701 | |
65bca31a NC |
4702 | =item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called |
4703 | ||
a1efa96e FC |
4704 | (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't |
4705 | permitted at run time. | |
65bca31a | 4706 | |
01bbc29f FC |
4707 | =item panic: unknown OA_*: %x |
4708 | ||
4709 | (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to C<&CORE::foo()> | |
4710 | subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments | |
4711 | were expected. | |
4712 | ||
dea0fc0b JH |
4713 | =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen |
4714 | ||
4715 | (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed | |
64977eb6 | 4716 | to even) byte length. |
dea0fc0b | 4717 | |
e0ea5e2d NC |
4718 | =item panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen |
4719 | ||
4720 | (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as opposed | |
4721 | to even) byte length. | |
4722 | ||
5637ef5b | 4723 | =item panic: yylex, %s |
2f7da168 RK |
4724 | |
4725 | (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier. | |
4726 | ||
78181aa9 KW |
4727 | =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list |
4728 | ||
4729 | (W parenthesis) You said something like | |
4730 | ||
4731 | my $foo, $bar = @_; | |
4732 | ||
4733 | when you meant | |
4734 | ||
4735 | my ($foo, $bar) = @_; | |
4736 | ||
4737 | Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than comma. | |
4738 | ||
28ac2b49 Z |
4739 | =item Parsing code internal error (%s) |
4740 | ||
4741 | (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API in | |
4742 | a detectable way. | |
4743 | ||
b9bd8d8c | 4744 | =item Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex |
1a147d38 YO |
4745 | |
4746 | (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without | |
6903afa2 FC |
4747 | consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before |
4748 | the nesting limit is exceeded. | |
1a147d38 | 4749 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
4750 | =item C<-p> destination: %s |
4751 | ||
4752 | (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p> | |
4753 | command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've | |
4754 | redirected it with select().) | |
4755 | ||
0ae4a328 FC |
4756 | =item Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s |
4757 | ||
d792985a | 4758 | (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different incompatible |
0ae4a328 FC |
4759 | version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS module. |
4760 | ||
8954b91a | 4761 | =item Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug |
e0e4a6e3 | 4762 | utility to report; in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
d50a4f90 | 4763 | |
6014bd26 JK |
4764 | (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive matching, |
4765 | and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular expression | |
4766 | folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to incorrect results. | |
4767 | Please report this as a bug using the L<perlbug> utility. | |
d50a4f90 | 4768 | |
f51551f7 FC |
4769 | =item PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental |
4770 | ||
4771 | (S experimental::win32_perlio) The C<:win32> PerlIO layer is | |
4772 | experimental. If you want to take the risk of using this layer, | |
4773 | simply disable this warning: | |
4774 | ||
4775 | no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio"; | |
4776 | ||
1109a392 MHM |
4777 | =item Perl_my_%s() not available |
4778 | ||
4779 | (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, | |
4780 | so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order | |
4781 | conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the | |
4782 | '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
4783 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
4784 | =item Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped |
4785 | ||
4786 | (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of | |
4787 | Perl than you are running. Perhaps C<use 5.10> was written instead | |
4788 | of C<use 5.010> or C<use v5.10>. Without the leading C<v>, the number is | |
4789 | interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the | |
4790 | decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10 | |
4791 | is equivalent to v5.100. | |
4792 | ||
6903f24f | 4793 | =item Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped |
6d3b25aa RGS |
4794 | |
4795 | (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more | |
4796 | recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since | |
4797 | you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>. | |
4798 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4799 | =item PERL_SH_DIR too long |
4800 | ||
fa816bf3 | 4801 | (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the |
fecfaeb8 | 4802 | C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>. |
6df41af2 | 4803 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
4804 | =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s" |
4805 | ||
806b6d07 | 4806 | (X) See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values. |
96ebfdd7 | 4807 | |
6651ba0b FC |
4808 | =item Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped |
4809 | ||
4810 | (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run | |
4811 | on the version of Perl you are using because it is too new. | |
4812 | Maybe the code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply | |
4813 | wrong and the version check should just be removed. | |
4814 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
4815 | =item perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only partially set |
4816 | ||
ff9c1ae8 | 4817 | (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but it |
675fa9ff FC |
4818 | contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not using the |
4819 | hash seed you think you are. | |
6a5b4183 | 4820 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4821 | =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed. |
4822 | ||
4823 | (S) The whole warning message will look something like: | |
4824 | ||
4825 | perl: warning: Setting locale failed. | |
4826 | perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: | |
4827 | LC_ALL = "En_US", | |
4828 | LANG = (unset) | |
4829 | are supported and installed on your system. | |
4830 | perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). | |
4831 | ||
4832 | Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the | |
4833 | settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value. | |
0ea6b70f JH |
4834 | This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating |
4835 | system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called | |
4836 | locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not | |
4837 | dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that | |
4b07a369 FC |
4838 | Perl can and will use, and the script will be run. Before you really |
4839 | fix the problem, however, you will get the same error message each | |
4840 | time you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in | |
0ea6b70f | 4841 | L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>. |
6df41af2 | 4842 | |
6a5b4183 YO |
4843 | =item perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s' |
4844 | ||
ff9c1ae8 | 4845 | (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS defined |
675fa9ff | 4846 | but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of this setting |
6a5b4183 YO |
4847 | are as follows. |
4848 | ||
4849 | Numeric | String | Result | |
4850 | --------+---------------+----------------------------------------- | |
4851 | 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization | |
4852 | 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization | |
555bd962 BG |
4853 | 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal |
4854 | | | randomization | |
6a5b4183 YO |
4855 | |
4856 | Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string values are | |
675fa9ff | 4857 | case sensitive. The default for this setting is "RANDOM" or 1. |
aac486f1 | 4858 | |
bd3fa61c | 4859 | =item pid %x not a child |
748a9306 | 4860 | |
be771a83 GS |
4861 | (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a |
4862 | process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is | |
4863 | fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended. | |
748a9306 | 4864 | |
49704364 | 4865 | =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack |
3bf38418 WL |
4866 | |
4867 | (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*". | |
4868 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 4869 | =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
96ebfdd7 | 4870 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4871 | (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The S<<-- HERE> |
9e3ec65c | 4872 | shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered. |
96ebfdd7 RK |
4873 | Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix |
4874 | the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>, | |
4875 | not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>. | |
4876 | ||
4877 | =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument | |
4878 | ||
4879 | (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike | |
4880 | the BSD version, which takes a pid. | |
4881 | ||
46d34d0e | 4882 | =item POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 4883 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 4884 | |
46d34d0e KW |
4885 | (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character |
4886 | class, but didn't use enough brackets. These POSIX class constructs [: | |
4887 | :], [= =], and [. .] go I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of | |
4888 | the construct, for example: C<qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/>. What the regular | |
4889 | expression pattern compiled to is probably not what you were intending. | |
4890 | For example, C<qr/[:alpha:]/> compiles to a regular bracketed character | |
4891 | class consisting of the four characters C<":">, C<"a">, C<"l">, | |
4892 | C<"h">, and C<"p">. To specify the POSIX class, it should have been | |
4893 | written C<qr/[[:alpha:]]/>. | |
4894 | ||
4895 | Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently | |
9e3ec65c | 4896 | implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and |
e0e4a6e3 | 4897 | will cause fatal errors. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular |
9e3ec65c | 4898 | expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 4899 | |
46d34d0e KW |
4900 | If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the message |
4901 | indicates that. | |
4902 | ||
6fbc9859 | 4903 | =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 4904 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 4905 | |
a125938c FC |
4906 | (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning |
4907 | with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions. If you | |
4908 | need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression | |
4909 | character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[." | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4910 | and ".\]". The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
a125938c | 4911 | problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 4912 | |
6fbc9859 | 4913 | =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 4914 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 4915 | |
7253e4e3 RK |
4916 | (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning |
4917 | with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you | |
4918 | need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression | |
4919 | character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[=" | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4920 | and "=\]". The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
7253e4e3 | 4921 | problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 4922 | |
bbce6d69 | 4923 | =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list |
4924 | ||
e476b1b5 | 4925 | (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal |
75b44862 | 4926 | strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as |
be771a83 GS |
4927 | literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the |
4928 | parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.) | |
bbce6d69 | 4929 | |
774d564b | 4930 | You probably wrote something like this: |
4931 | ||
54310121 | 4932 | @list = qw( |
774d564b | 4933 | a # a comment |
bbce6d69 | 4934 | b # another comment |
774d564b | 4935 | ); |
bbce6d69 | 4936 | |
4937 | when you should have written this: | |
4938 | ||
774d564b | 4939 | @list = qw( |
54310121 | 4940 | a |
4941 | b | |
774d564b | 4942 | ); |
4943 | ||
4944 | If you really want comments, build your list the | |
4945 | old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas: | |
4946 | ||
4947 | @list = ( | |
4948 | 'a', # a comment | |
4949 | 'b', # another comment | |
4950 | ); | |
bbce6d69 | 4951 | |
4952 | =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas | |
4953 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4954 | (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore |
4955 | commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used | |
4956 | different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also | |
4957 | frequently used.) | |
bbce6d69 | 4958 | |
54310121 | 4959 | You probably wrote something like this: |
bbce6d69 | 4960 | |
774d564b | 4961 | qw! a, b, c !; |
4962 | ||
4963 | which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without | |
4964 | commas if you don't want them to appear in your data: | |
bbce6d69 | 4965 | |
774d564b | 4966 | qw! a b c !; |
bbce6d69 | 4967 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4968 | =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument |
4969 | ||
4970 | (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for. | |
4971 | Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the | |
4972 | end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and | |
4973 | Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>. | |
4974 | ||
9da2d046 NT |
4975 | =item Possible precedence issue with control flow operator |
4976 | ||
4977 | (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control | |
4978 | flow operator (e.g. C<return>) and a low-precedence operator like | |
4979 | C<or>. Consider: | |
4980 | ||
4981 | sub { return $a or $b; } | |
4982 | ||
4983 | This is parsed as: | |
4984 | ||
4985 | sub { (return $a) or $b; } | |
4986 | ||
4987 | Which is effectively just: | |
4988 | ||
4989 | sub { return $a; } | |
4990 | ||
4991 | Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the operator. | |
4992 | ||
4993 | Note this may be also triggered for constructs like: | |
4994 | ||
4995 | sub { 1 if die; } | |
4996 | ||
8823cb89 | 4997 | =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator |
a690c7c4 FC |
4998 | |
4999 | (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction | |
5000 | with a numeric comparison operator, like this : | |
5001 | ||
5002 | if ($x & $y == 0) { ... } | |
5003 | ||
5004 | This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the | |
5005 | higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you | |
5006 | really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the | |
5007 | parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>). | |
5008 | ||
77772344 B |
5009 | =item Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex |
5010 | ||
5011 | (W ambiguous) You said something like C<m/$\/> in a regex. | |
5012 | The regex C<m/foo$\s+bar/m> translates to: match the word 'foo', the output | |
8ddb446c | 5013 | record separator (see L<perlvar/$\>) and the letter 's' (one time or more) |
77772344 B |
5014 | followed by the word 'bar'. |
5015 | ||
5016 | If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by using | |
5017 | C<m/${\}/> (for example: C<m/foo${\}s+bar/>). | |
5018 | ||
5019 | If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the line | |
5020 | followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line then you can use | |
5021 | C<m/$(?)\/> (for example: C<m/foo$(?)\s+bar/>). | |
5022 | ||
e5035638 FC |
5023 | =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string |
5024 | ||
ccf3535a | 5025 | (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted string |
6903afa2 | 5026 | but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a |
e5035638 FC |
5027 | literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened |
5028 | to the array you apparently lost track of. | |
5029 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5030 | =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s) |
5031 | ||
e476b1b5 | 5032 | (S precedence) The old irregular construct |
cb1a09d0 | 5033 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5034 | open FOO || die; |
5035 | ||
5036 | is now misinterpreted as | |
5037 | ||
5038 | open(FOO || die); | |
5039 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5040 | because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and |
5041 | list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put | |
5042 | parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead | |
5043 | of "||". | |
a0d0e21e | 5044 | |
3cdd684c TP |
5045 | =item Premature end of script headers |
5046 | ||
3de20fbe | 5047 | See L</500 Server error>. |
3cdd684c | 5048 | |
6df41af2 GS |
5049 | =item printf() on closed filehandle %s |
5050 | ||
be771a83 | 5051 | (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 5052 | before now. Check your control flow. |
6df41af2 | 5053 | |
9a7dcd9c | 5054 | =item print() on closed filehandle %s |
a0d0e21e | 5055 | |
be771a83 | 5056 | (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 5057 | before now. Check your control flow. |
a0d0e21e | 5058 | |
6df41af2 | 5059 | =item Process terminated by SIG%s |
a0d0e21e | 5060 | |
6df41af2 GS |
5061 | (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix |
5062 | applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2 | |
5063 | port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see | |
5064 | L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" | |
fecfaeb8 | 5065 | in L<perlos2>. |
a0d0e21e | 5066 | |
327323c1 RGS |
5067 | =item Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s |
5068 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
5069 | (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This is |
5070 | useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine arguments. | |
327323c1 | 5071 | |
3fe9a6f1 | 5072 | =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s |
4633a7c4 | 5073 | |
9a0b3859 | 5074 | (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been |
be771a83 | 5075 | declared or defined with a different function prototype. |
4633a7c4 | 5076 | |
ed9aa3b7 SG |
5077 | =item Prototype not terminated |
5078 | ||
2a6fd447 | 5079 | (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype |
ed9aa3b7 SG |
5080 | definition. |
5081 | ||
eedb00fa PM |
5082 | =item Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s |
5083 | ||
5084 | (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses after | |
5085 | the sub name and via the prototype attribute. The prototype in | |
5086 | parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the prototype | |
5087 | from the attribute before it's ever used. | |
5088 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 5089 | =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
96ebfdd7 | 5090 | |
6903afa2 | 5091 | (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if |
e0e4a6e3 | 5092 | you meant it literally. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular |
9e3ec65c | 5093 | expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
96ebfdd7 | 5094 | |
6e8a73f2 | 5095 | =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
9baa0206 | 5096 | |
6903afa2 | 5097 | (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of |
e0e4a6e3 | 5098 | the {min,max} construct. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular |
9e3ec65c | 5099 | expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
9baa0206 | 5100 | |
675fa9ff FC |
5101 | =item Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex |
5102 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5103 | =item Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by |
5104 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
675fa9ff FC |
5105 | |
5106 | (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you really | |
5107 | want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. | |
5108 | ||
e1729dc6 | 5109 | =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/ |
9baa0206 | 5110 | |
b45f050a JF |
5111 | (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where |
5112 | it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the | |
5113 | quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match | |
5114 | "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is | |
5115 | C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>. | |
9baa0206 | 5116 | |
89ea2908 GA |
5117 | =item Range iterator outside integer range |
5118 | ||
5119 | (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".." | |
5120 | are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally. | |
be771a83 GS |
5121 | One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment |
5122 | by prepending "0" to your numbers. | |
89ea2908 | 5123 | |
ad513756 | 5124 | =item Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or |
6e8a73f2 | 5125 | "a-z" in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ad513756 FC |
5126 | |
5127 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>> or within C<(?[...])>) | |
5128 | ||
5129 | Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. Perhaps you didn't | |
5130 | even intend a range here, if the C<"-"> was meant to be some other | |
5131 | character, or should have been escaped (like C<"\-">). If you did | |
5132 | intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between ASCII and | |
5133 | EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to a casual | |
5134 | reader. | |
5135 | ||
5136 | [3-7] # OK; Obvious and portable | |
5137 | [d-g] # OK; Obvious and portable | |
5138 | [A-Y] # OK; Obvious and portable | |
5139 | [A-z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant | |
5140 | [a-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant | |
5141 | [%-.] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant | |
5142 | [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek | |
5143 | ||
5144 | (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which means that | |
5145 | the endpoints are specified by | |
5146 | L<C<\N{...}>|perlrecharclass/Character Ranges>, but the meaning may | |
5147 | still not be obvious.) | |
5148 | The stricter rules require that ranges that start or stop with an ASCII | |
5149 | character that is not a control have all their endpoints be the literal | |
5150 | character, and not some escape sequence (like C<"\x41">), and the ranges | |
5151 | must be all digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters. | |
5152 | ||
5153 | =item Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by | |
6e8a73f2 | 5154 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ad513756 FC |
5155 | |
5156 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>> or within C<(?[...])>) | |
5157 | ||
5158 | Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. You included a | |
5159 | range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit. Under the | |
5160 | stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should be digits in | |
5161 | the same group of 10 consecutive digits. | |
5162 | ||
3b7fbd4a SP |
5163 | =item readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
5164 | ||
1a147d38 | 5165 | (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really |
3b7fbd4a SP |
5166 | a dirhandle. Check your control flow. |
5167 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
5168 | =item readline() on closed filehandle %s |
5169 | ||
5170 | (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime | |
5171 | before now. Check your control flow. | |
5172 | ||
b5fe5ca2 SR |
5173 | =item read() on closed filehandle %s |
5174 | ||
5175 | (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle. | |
5176 | ||
5177 | =item read() on unopened filehandle %s | |
5178 | ||
5179 | (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened. | |
5180 | ||
de42a5a9 | 5181 | =item Reallocation too large: %x |
6df41af2 GS |
5182 | |
5183 | (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine. | |
5184 | ||
4ad56ec9 IZ |
5185 | =item realloc() of freed memory ignored |
5186 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5187 | (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had |
5188 | already been freed. | |
4ad56ec9 | 5189 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5190 | =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch |
5191 | ||
19b29141 | 5192 | (S debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce |
be771a83 | 5193 | the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead, |
a0d0e21e LW |
5194 | which is why it's currently left out of your copy. |
5195 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
5196 | =item Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer |
5197 | ||
5198 | (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating | |
5199 | a filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with C<open my | |
5200 | $fh, '<', \$scalar>, which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try | |
5201 | loading PerlIO::scalar explicitly first. | |
5202 | ||
3e0ccd42 | 5203 | =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s' |
a0d0e21e | 5204 | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
5205 | (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a package, Perl |
5206 | believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a | |
5207 | crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth. | |
a0d0e21e | 5208 | |
f51551f7 FC |
5209 | =item Redundant argument in %s |
5210 | ||
5211 | (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other | |
3617dbb6 | 5212 | arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only |
f51551f7 FC |
5213 | emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than were |
5214 | supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
5215 | ||
12605ff9 FC |
5216 | =item refcnt_dec: fd %d%s |
5217 | ||
2e0cfa16 FC |
5218 | =item refcnt: fd %d%s |
5219 | ||
12605ff9 FC |
5220 | =item refcnt_inc: fd %d%s |
5221 | ||
fa816bf3 | 5222 | (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check. If |
2e0cfa16 FC |
5223 | you see this message, something is very wrong. |
5224 | ||
1930e939 TP |
5225 | =item Reference found where even-sized list expected |
5226 | ||
be771a83 | 5227 | (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list |
6903afa2 FC |
5228 | with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This |
5229 | usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant | |
5230 | to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>. | |
7b8d334a GS |
5231 | |
5232 | %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG | |
5233 | %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG | |
5234 | %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right | |
5235 | %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine | |
5236 | ||
810b8aa5 GS |
5237 | =item Reference is already weak |
5238 | ||
e476b1b5 | 5239 | (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak. |
810b8aa5 GS |
5240 | Doing so has no effect. |
5241 | ||
ae2cf9f6 DIM |
5242 | =item Reference is not weak |
5243 | ||
5244 | (W misc) You have attempted to unweaken a reference that is not weak. | |
5245 | Doing so has no effect. | |
5246 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5247 | =item Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b72d83b2 | 5248 | |
6903afa2 FC |
5249 | (F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer |
5250 | to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers | |
5251 | (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative | |
5252 | backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense. | |
b72d83b2 | 5253 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5254 | =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5255 | m/%s/ | |
b45f050a JF |
5256 | |
5257 | (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are | |
6903afa2 | 5258 | not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If |
bbaee129 FC |
5259 | you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7 inserted into the regular |
5260 | expression, prepend zeroes to make it three digits long: C<\007> | |
9baa0206 | 5261 | |
6e8a73f2 | 5262 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
b45f050a | 5263 | discovered. |
9baa0206 | 5264 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5265 | =item Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> |
5266 | in m/%s/ | |
1a147d38 YO |
5267 | |
5268 | (F) You used something like C<\k'NAME'> or C<< \k<NAME> >> in your regular | |
9381611c | 5269 | expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses |
6903afa2 | 5270 | such as C<(?'NAME'...)> or C<< (?<NAME>...) >>. Check if the name has been |
9381611c | 5271 | spelled correctly both in the backreference and the declaration. |
1a147d38 | 5272 | |
6e8a73f2 | 5273 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
1a147d38 YO |
5274 | discovered. |
5275 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5276 | =item Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by |
5277 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
1a147d38 | 5278 | |
bcb95744 FC |
5279 | (F) You used something like C<\g{-7}> in your regular expression, but there |
5280 | are not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the | |
5281 | expression before where the C<\g{-7}> was located. | |
1a147d38 | 5282 | |
6e8a73f2 | 5283 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
1a147d38 YO |
5284 | discovered. |
5285 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5286 | =item regexp memory corruption |
5287 | ||
5288 | (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular | |
5289 | expression compiler gave it. | |
5290 | ||
ff3f26d2 KW |
5291 | =item Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice |
5292 | ||
4d910168 | 5293 | =item Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked |
e0e4a6e3 | 5294 | by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
4d910168 | 5295 | |
ce170e67 | 5296 | (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences |
ff3f26d2 | 5297 | of the specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones. |
3955e1a9 | 5298 | |
6fbc9859 MH |
5299 | =item Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by <-- |
5300 | HERE in m/%s/ | |
9442e3b8 | 5301 | |
f8b5bc72 FC |
5302 | (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning on |
5303 | another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the regular | |
9442e3b8 KW |
5304 | expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and place it before |
5305 | the minus), instead of the one you want to turn off. | |
5306 | ||
591f5ca2 FC |
5307 | =item Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice |
5308 | ||
4d910168 FC |
5309 | =item Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- |
5310 | HERE in m/%s/ | |
5311 | ||
ce170e67 | 5312 | (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences |
591f5ca2 FC |
5313 | of the specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones. |
5314 | ||
3955e1a9 KW |
5315 | =item Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive |
5316 | ||
4d910168 | 5317 | =item Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; |
e0e4a6e3 | 5318 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
4d910168 | 5319 | |
ce170e67 | 5320 | (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these |
3955e1a9 KW |
5321 | mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is |
5322 | supposed to be there. | |
5323 | ||
aec0ef10 | 5324 | =item Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e | 5325 | |
be771a83 GS |
5326 | (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it |
5327 | earlier. | |
a0d0e21e | 5328 | |
a7f533cb | 5329 | =item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#) |
a1b95068 | 5330 | |
d7f8936a | 5331 | (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a |
a1b95068 | 5332 | numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never |
6903afa2 | 5333 | terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>. |
a1b95068 | 5334 | |
b08e453b RB |
5335 | =item Replacement list is longer than search list |
5336 | ||
5337 | (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the | |
fa816bf3 | 5338 | search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list |
b08e453b RB |
5339 | are meaningless. |
5340 | ||
5e0a247b KW |
5341 | =item '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d' |
5342 | ||
5343 | (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like C<\08>, or C<\179> in a | |
5344 | double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a single | |
5345 | character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next character in | |
5346 | the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you want, you can use | |
5347 | the C<\o{ }> syntax, or use exactly three digits to specify the octal | |
5348 | for the character. | |
5349 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5350 | =item Reversed %s= operator |
5351 | ||
be771a83 | 5352 | (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must |
964742a1 | 5353 | always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators. |
a0d0e21e | 5354 | |
abc7ecad SP |
5355 | =item rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
5356 | ||
1b303a7d FC |
5357 | (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either closed |
5358 | or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow. | |
abc7ecad | 5359 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
5360 | =item Scalars leaked: %d |
5361 | ||
7bd1381d | 5362 | (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping |
4f5966a5 FC |
5363 | of scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time |
5364 | Perl exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which | |
5365 | is of course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be | |
5366 | long-running. | |
96ebfdd7 | 5367 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5368 | =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s] |
5369 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5370 | (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a |
5371 | single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar | |
5372 | value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always | |
5373 | behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its | |
5374 | argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it, | |
5375 | and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things | |
5376 | if you're expecting only one subscript. | |
a0d0e21e | 5377 | |
748a9306 | 5378 | On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array |
5f05dabc | 5379 | element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because |
748a9306 LW |
5380 | Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See |
5381 | L<perlref>. | |
5382 | ||
a6006777 | 5383 | =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s} |
5384 | ||
75b44862 | 5385 | (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single |
be771a83 GS |
5386 | element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value |
5387 | (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves | |
5388 | like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its | |
5389 | argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it, | |
5390 | and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things | |
5391 | if you're expecting only one subscript. | |
5392 | ||
5393 | On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element | |
5394 | as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will | |
5395 | not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See | |
a6006777 | 5396 | L<perlref>. |
5397 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5398 | =item Search pattern not terminated |
5399 | ||
5400 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{} | |
5401 | construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. | |
fb73857a | 5402 | Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error. |
a0d0e21e | 5403 | |
ea9d9ebc | 5404 | Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or> |
5d9c98cd | 5405 | construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written |
ea9d9ebc FC |
5406 | in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be |
5407 | misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern. | |
5d9c98cd | 5408 | |
abc7ecad SP |
5409 | =item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
5410 | ||
5411 | (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not | |
5412 | really a dirhandle. Check your control flow. | |
5413 | ||
3257ea4f FC |
5414 | =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle |
5415 | ||
5416 | (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a | |
5417 | filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed. | |
5418 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5419 | =item select not implemented |
5420 | ||
5421 | (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call. | |
5422 | ||
ae21d580 | 5423 | =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported |
68a4a7e4 | 5424 | |
ae21d580 JH |
5425 | (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in |
5426 | the current implementation. | |
68a4a7e4 | 5427 | |
6df41af2 | 5428 | =item Semicolon seems to be missing |
a0d0e21e | 5429 | |
75b44862 GS |
5430 | (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing |
5431 | semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5432 | |
5433 | =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string | |
5434 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5435 | (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a |
5436 | scalar that had previously been marked as free. | |
a0d0e21e | 5437 | |
6df41af2 | 5438 | =item sem%s not implemented |
a0d0e21e | 5439 | |
6df41af2 | 5440 | (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system. |
a0d0e21e | 5441 | |
69282e91 | 5442 | =item send() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 5443 | |
be771a83 | 5444 | (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 5445 | before now. Check your control flow. |
a0d0e21e | 5446 | |
0ae4a328 FC |
5447 | =item Sequence "\c{" invalid |
5448 | ||
5449 | (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a | |
5450 | double-quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII | |
5451 | platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If you | |
5452 | were intending to specify a control character with this sequence, you'll | |
5453 | have to use a different way to specify it. | |
5454 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5455 | =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
7b8d334a | 5456 | |
6903afa2 | 5457 | (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The |
e0e4a6e3 | 5458 | S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
6903afa2 | 5459 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
1b1626e4 | 5460 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5461 | =item Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5462 | m/%s/ | |
a0d0e21e | 5463 | |
6903afa2 | 5464 | (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved |
e0e4a6e3 | 5465 | but has not yet been written. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the |
9e3ec65c | 5466 | regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 5467 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5468 | =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5469 | m/%s/ | |
a0d0e21e | 5470 | |
d921c7bf | 5471 | (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. |
e0e4a6e3 | 5472 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
d921c7bf | 5473 | discovered. This may happen when using the C<(?^...)> construct to tell |
fb85c044 | 5474 | Perl to use the default regular expression modifiers, and you |
9442e3b8 | 5475 | redundantly specify a default modifier. For other |
9de15fec | 5476 | causes, see L<perlre>. |
a0d0e21e | 5477 | |
aec0ef10 | 5478 | =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/ |
6df41af2 GS |
5479 | |
5480 | (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing | |
aec0ef10 | 5481 | parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See |
7253e4e3 | 5482 | L<perlre>. |
6df41af2 | 5483 | |
07ea66ee FC |
5484 | =item Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5485 | m/%s/ | |
5486 | ||
5487 | (F) A named reference of the form C<(?&...)> was missing the final | |
5488 | closing parenthesis after the name. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts | |
5489 | in the regular expression the problem was discovered. | |
5490 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5491 | =item Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> |
4599db5f FC |
5492 | in m/%s/ |
5493 | ||
5494 | (F) A named group of the form C<(?'...')> or C<< (?<...>) >> was missing the final | |
e0e4a6e3 | 5495 | closing quote or angle bracket. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the |
4599db5f FC |
5496 | regular expression the problem was discovered. |
5497 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5498 | =item Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> |
4599db5f FC |
5499 | in m/%s/ |
5500 | ||
5501 | (F) A named reference of the form C<(?('...')...)> or C<< (?(<...>)...) >> was | |
5502 | missing the final closing quote or angle bracket after the name. The | |
e0e4a6e3 | 5503 | S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
4599db5f FC |
5504 | discovered. |
5505 | ||
5b9ce456 KW |
5506 | =item Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5507 | m/%s/ | |
5508 | ||
5509 | (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('. The | |
5510 | S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was | |
5511 | discovered. | |
5512 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5513 | =item Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5514 | m/%s/ | |
5a25739d FC |
5515 | |
5516 | (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape | |
5517 | sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written. | |
5518 | ||
9da1dd8f DM |
5519 | =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')' |
5520 | ||
be149b43 DM |
5521 | (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be |
5522 | followed immediately by a ')'. | |
9da1dd8f | 5523 | |
74d1b2e4 | 5524 | =item Sequence (?PE<gt>... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
4599db5f | 5525 | |
74d1b2e4 | 5526 | (F) A named reference of the form C<(?PE<gt>...)> was missing the final |
cfbef7dc KW |
5527 | closing parenthesis after the name. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts |
5528 | in the regular expression the problem was discovered. | |
5529 | ||
5530 | =item Sequence (?PE<lt>... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
5531 | ||
5532 | (F) A named group of the form C<(?PE<lt>...E<gt>')> was missing the final | |
5533 | closing angle bracket. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the | |
5534 | regular expression the problem was discovered. | |
5535 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
5536 | =item Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5537 | m/%s/ | |
cfbef7dc | 5538 | |
74d1b2e4 | 5539 | (F) A named reference of the form C<(?P=...)> was missing the final |
e0e4a6e3 | 5540 | closing parenthesis after the name. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts |
4599db5f FC |
5541 | in the regular expression the problem was discovered. |
5542 | ||
5543 | =item Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/ | |
5544 | ||
5545 | (F) An C<(?R)> or C<(?0)> sequence in a regular expression was missing the | |
5546 | final parenthesis. | |
5547 | ||
3de20fbe | 5548 | =item Z<>500 Server error |
a5f75d66 | 5549 | |
6903afa2 FC |
5550 | (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window |
5551 | when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The | |
5552 | actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most | |
5553 | frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method (something) | |
5554 | not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature end of script | |
5555 | headers", and "Did not produce a valid header". | |
9607fc9c | 5556 | |
5557 | B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>. | |
5558 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
5559 | You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by |
5560 | the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the | |
5561 | user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment | |
5562 | variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't | |
5563 | in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or | |
5564 | less. Please see the following for more information: | |
9607fc9c | 5565 | |
06a5f41f JH |
5566 | http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html |
5567 | http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html | |
5568 | http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/ | |
a5f75d66 | 5569 | |
be94a901 GS |
5570 | You should also look at L<perlfaq9>. |
5571 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5572 | =item setegid() not implemented |
5573 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5574 | (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't |
5575 | support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure | |
5576 | didn't think so. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5577 | |
5578 | =item seteuid() not implemented | |
5579 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5580 | (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't |
5581 | support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure | |
5582 | didn't think so. | |
a0d0e21e | 5583 | |
81777298 GS |
5584 | =item setpgrp can't take arguments |
5585 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5586 | (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no |
5587 | arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process | |
5588 | group ID. | |
81777298 | 5589 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5590 | =item setrgid() not implemented |
5591 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5592 | (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't |
5593 | support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure | |
5594 | didn't think so. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5595 | |
5596 | =item setruid() not implemented | |
5597 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5598 | (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't |
5599 | support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure | |
5600 | didn't think so. | |
a0d0e21e | 5601 | |
6df41af2 GS |
5602 | =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s |
5603 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5604 | (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you |
5605 | forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
6df41af2 GS |
5606 | L<perlfunc/setsockopt>. |
5607 | ||
520b6fb6 | 5608 | =item Setting $/ to a reference to %s is forbidden |
6da34ecb | 5609 | |
3f673807 FC |
5610 | (F) You assigned a reference to a scalar to C<$/> where the referenced item is |
5611 | not a positive integer. In older perls this B<appeared> to work the same as | |
5612 | setting it to C<undef> but was in fact internally different, less efficient | |
5613 | and with very bad luck could have resulted in your file being split by a | |
5614 | stringified form of the reference. | |
6da34ecb | 5615 | |
ea9d9ebc | 5616 | In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be B<exactly> the same as |
3f673807 | 5617 | setting C<$/> to undef, with the exception that this warning would be thrown. |
6da34ecb | 5618 | |
3f673807 FC |
5619 | You are recommended to change your code to set C<$/> to C<undef> explicitly if |
5620 | you wish to slurp the file. As of Perl 5.28 assigning C<$/> to a reference | |
5621 | to an integer which isn't positive is a fatal error. | |
6da34ecb | 5622 | |
ee0ba734 | 5623 | =item Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden |
a48e4205 FC |
5624 | |
5625 | (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to C<$/>. In older | |
5626 | Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a reference to | |
5627 | a positive integer, where the integer was the address of the reference. | |
5628 | As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to allow future versions of Perl | |
5629 | to use non-integer refs for more interesting purposes. | |
5630 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5631 | =item shm%s not implemented |
5632 | ||
5633 | (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system. | |
5634 | ||
984200d0 YST |
5635 | =item !=~ should be !~ |
5636 | ||
5637 | (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be | |
5638 | interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement) | |
5639 | operators: probably not what you intended. | |
5640 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
5641 | =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s" |
5642 | ||
5643 | (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string, | |
be771a83 GS |
5644 | as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false |
5645 | result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is | |
5646 | probably not what you had in mind. | |
6df41af2 | 5647 | |
69282e91 | 5648 | =item shutdown() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 5649 | |
75b44862 GS |
5650 | (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit |
5651 | superfluous. | |
a0d0e21e | 5652 | |
f86702cc | 5653 | =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined |
a0d0e21e | 5654 | |
be771a83 GS |
5655 | (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. |
5656 | Perhaps you put it into the wrong package? | |
a0d0e21e | 5657 | |
efc859fb FC |
5658 | =item Slab leaked from cv %p |
5659 | ||
5660 | (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with the | |
5661 | internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be freed after | |
5662 | a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was leaked instead. | |
5663 | ||
3b9aea04 SH |
5664 | =item sleep(%u) too large |
5665 | ||
5666 | (W overflow) You called C<sleep> with a number that was larger than | |
5667 | it can reliably handle and C<sleep> probably slept for less time than | |
5668 | requested. | |
5669 | ||
30d9c59b Z |
5670 | =item Slurpy parameter not last |
5671 | ||
5672 | (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy (array or | |
5673 | hash) parameter. The slurpy parameter takes all the available arguments, | |
5674 | so there can't be any left to fill later parameters. | |
5675 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
5676 | =item Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation |
5677 | ||
5678 | (F) You should not use the C<~~> operator on an object that does not | |
5679 | overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure | |
5680 | for the smart match. | |
5681 | ||
0f539b13 BF |
5682 | =item Smartmatch is experimental |
5683 | ||
5684 | (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you | |
5685 | use the smartmatch (C<~~>) operator. This is currently an experimental | |
5686 | feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases of | |
5687 | Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being | |
5688 | unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be | |
5689 | overhauled. | |
5690 | ||
b02f3645 AC |
5691 | =item Sorry, hash keys must be smaller than 2**31 bytes |
5692 | ||
5693 | (F) You tried to create a hash containing a very large key, where "very | |
5694 | large" means that it needs at least 2 gigabytes to store. Unfortunately, | |
5695 | Perl doesn't yet handle such large hash keys. You should | |
5696 | reconsider your design to avoid hashing such a long string directly. | |
5697 | ||
714f94d1 FC |
5698 | =item sort is now a reserved word |
5699 | ||
5700 | (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore. | |
5701 | But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle. | |
5702 | ||
f1c31c52 FC |
5703 | =item Source filters apply only to byte streams |
5704 | ||
5705 | (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a | |
5706 | source filter module) within a string passed to C<eval>. This is | |
5707 | not permitted under the C<unicode_eval> feature. Consider using | |
5708 | C<evalbytes> instead. See L<feature>. | |
5709 | ||
8cbc2e3b JH |
5710 | =item splice() offset past end of array |
5711 | ||
5712 | (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of | |
fa816bf3 FC |
5713 | the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the |
5714 | end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, | |
5715 | try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. | |
5716 | See L<perlfunc/splice>. | |
8cbc2e3b | 5717 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5718 | =item Split loop |
5719 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5720 | (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't |
5721 | iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what | |
6903afa2 | 5722 | happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>. |
a0d0e21e | 5723 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5724 | =item Statement unlikely to be reached |
5725 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5726 | (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a |
5727 | die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns | |
5728 | unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system() | |
5729 | instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in | |
5730 | a block by itself. | |
a0d0e21e | 5731 | |
a21eb52b FC |
5732 | =item "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package |
5733 | ||
5734 | (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't make | |
5735 | sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. | |
5736 | ||
a2e39214 FC |
5737 | =item "state %s" used in sort comparison |
5738 | ||
5739 | (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort comparisons. | |
5740 | You used $a or $b in as an operand to the C<< <=> >> or C<cmp> operator inside a | |
5741 | sort comparison block, and the variable had earlier been declared as a | |
5742 | lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the package | |
5743 | name, or rename the lexical variable. | |
5744 | ||
5a25739d FC |
5745 | =item "state" variable %s can't be in a package |
5746 | ||
5747 | (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make | |
5748 | sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use | |
5749 | local() if you want to localize a package variable. | |
5750 | ||
9ddeeac9 | 5751 | =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s |
6df41af2 | 5752 | |
355b1299 JH |
5753 | (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that |
5754 | was either never opened or has since been closed. | |
6df41af2 | 5755 | |
5a25739d FC |
5756 | =item Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory file handles |
5757 | ||
5758 | (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or append | |
5759 | where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory files | |
5760 | model on-disk files and can only contain bytes. | |
5761 | ||
fe13d51d | 5762 | =item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" |
e7ea3e70 | 5763 | |
be771a83 GS |
5764 | (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation |
5765 | stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to | |
5766 | C<can> may break this. | |
e7ea3e70 | 5767 | |
4e85e1b4 FC |
5768 | =item Subroutine "&%s" is not available |
5769 | ||
5770 | (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is | |
5771 | attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not currently | |
5772 | available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the lexical | |
c387a7d0 FC |
5773 | subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has |
5774 | not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at compile | |
5775 | time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For example, | |
4e85e1b4 FC |
5776 | |
5777 | sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } } | |
5778 | ||
c387a7d0 | 5779 | At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a" sub, |
4e85e1b4 FC |
5780 | since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely, the |
5781 | following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by now | |
5782 | been created and is live: | |
5783 | ||
5784 | sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->(); | |
5785 | ||
c387a7d0 FC |
5786 | The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical subroutine |
5787 | that has gone out of scope, for example, | |
4e85e1b4 FC |
5788 | |
5789 | sub f { | |
5790 | my sub a {...} | |
5791 | sub { eval '\&a' } | |
5792 | } | |
5793 | f()->(); | |
5794 | ||
5795 | Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently | |
5796 | being executed, so its &a is not available for capture. | |
5797 | ||
4eb94d7c FC |
5798 | =item "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s |
5799 | ||
52e3acf8 | 5800 | (W shadow) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the |
4eb94d7c FC |
5801 | current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to |
5802 | the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical error. | |
5803 | Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the end of | |
20d33786 | 5804 | the scope or until all closure references to it are destroyed. |
4eb94d7c | 5805 | |
9d92fedb FC |
5806 | =item Subroutine %s redefined |
5807 | ||
5808 | (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say | |
5809 | ||
5810 | { | |
5811 | no warnings 'redefine'; | |
5812 | eval "sub name { ... }"; | |
5813 | } | |
5814 | ||
2a9203e9 FC |
5815 | =item Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared |
5816 | ||
5817 | (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a "my" | |
5818 | subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine. | |
5819 | ||
5820 | When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the outer | |
5821 | subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during the *first* | |
5822 | call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the | |
5823 | outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no | |
5824 | longer share a common value for the lexical subroutine. In other words, | |
5825 | it will no longer be shared. This will especially make a difference | |
5826 | if the lexical subroutines accesses lexical variables declared in its | |
5827 | surrounding scope. | |
5828 | ||
5829 | This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine | |
5830 | anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that | |
5831 | reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are created, they | |
5832 | are automatically rebound to the current values of such lexical subs. | |
5833 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5834 | =item Substitution loop |
5835 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5836 | (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution |
5837 | shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which | |
5838 | is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in | |
5d44bfff | 5839 | L<perlop/"Regexp Quote-Like Operators">. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5840 | |
5841 | =item Substitution pattern not terminated | |
5842 | ||
d1be9408 | 5843 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{} |
a0d0e21e | 5844 | construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. |
fb73857a | 5845 | Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5846 | |
5847 | =item Substitution replacement not terminated | |
5848 | ||
d1be9408 | 5849 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{} |
a0d0e21e | 5850 | construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. |
fb73857a | 5851 | Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5852 | |
5853 | =item substr outside of string | |
5854 | ||
8a9eb13d | 5855 | (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of |
be771a83 GS |
5856 | a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the |
5857 | length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if | |
5858 | substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an | |
5859 | assignment or as a subroutine argument for example). | |
a0d0e21e | 5860 | |
bf1320bf RGS |
5861 | =item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d |
5862 | ||
9d277376 | 5863 | (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was actually |
bf1320bf RGS |
5864 | inferior to its current type. |
5865 | ||
05a40652 FC |
5866 | =item SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref |
5867 | ||
5868 | (P) Something went wrong internally when Perl was trying to look up | |
5869 | Unicode characters. | |
5870 | ||
6fbc9859 | 5871 | =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 5872 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 5873 | |
fa816bf3 FC |
5874 | (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most |
5875 | two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or | |
5876 | both to contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose | |
5877 | it in clustering parentheses: | |
b45f050a JF |
5878 | |
5879 | (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause) | |
5880 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5881 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem |
fa816bf3 | 5882 | was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 5883 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5884 | =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5885 | m/%s/ | |
b45f050a | 5886 | |
9f57786a FC |
5887 | (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct |
5888 | is not known. The condition must be one of the following: | |
5889 | ||
5890 | (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched | |
5891 | (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched | |
5892 | (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches | |
5893 | (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match | |
5894 | (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value | |
5895 | (R) true if evaluating inside recursion | |
5896 | (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc. | |
5897 | (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture | |
5898 | (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns | |
5899 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 5900 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
9f57786a | 5901 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 5902 | |
a1244175 FC |
5903 | =item Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by |
5904 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
5905 | ||
99775d13 FC |
5906 | (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere |
5907 | in the pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate | |
5908 | position. See L<perlre>. | |
a1244175 | 5909 | |
85ab1d1d JH |
5910 | =item switching effective %s is not implemented |
5911 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5912 | (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real |
5913 | and effective uids or gids. | |
85ab1d1d | 5914 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5915 | =item syntax error |
5916 | ||
5917 | (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include: | |
5918 | ||
5919 | A keyword is misspelled. | |
5920 | A semicolon is missing. | |
5921 | A comma is missing. | |
5922 | An opening or closing parenthesis is missing. | |
5923 | An opening or closing brace is missing. | |
5924 | A closing quote is missing. | |
5925 | ||
5926 | Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax | |
5927 | error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.) | |
5928 | The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when | |
5929 | it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens | |
5f05dabc | 5930 | before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5931 | Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon |
5932 | the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call | |
5933 | C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see | |
524e9188 | 5934 | if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 questions>. |
a0d0e21e | 5935 | |
ccf3535a | 5936 | =item syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected |
cb1a09d0 | 5937 | |
be771a83 GS |
5938 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead |
5939 | of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl | |
5940 | yourself. | |
cb1a09d0 | 5941 | |
25f58aea PN |
5942 | =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s" |
5943 | ||
5944 | (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through | |
5945 | a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict" | |
5946 | or "my $var" or "our $var". | |
5947 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
5948 | =item Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex m/%s/ |
5949 | ||
5950 | (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct; this | |
5951 | notifies you that it is giving up trying. | |
5952 | ||
591f5ca2 FC |
5953 | =item %s syntax OK |
5954 | ||
5955 | (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds. | |
5956 | ||
b5fe5ca2 SR |
5957 | =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s |
5958 | ||
5959 | (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle. | |
5960 | ||
5961 | =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s | |
5962 | ||
5963 | (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened. | |
5964 | ||
6087ac44 | 5965 | =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine |
a0d0e21e | 5966 | |
6087ac44 JH |
5967 | (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem", |
5968 | "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your | |
5969 | machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be | |
5970 | unconfigured. Consult your system support. | |
a0d0e21e | 5971 | |
69282e91 | 5972 | =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s |
a0d0e21e | 5973 | |
be771a83 | 5974 | (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 5975 | before now. Check your control flow. |
a0d0e21e | 5976 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
5977 | =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles |
5978 | ||
5979 | (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't | |
5980 | know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead. | |
5981 | ||
fc36a67e | 5982 | =item Target of goto is too deeply nested |
5983 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5984 | (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested |
5985 | for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing. | |
fc36a67e | 5986 | |
abc7ecad SP |
5987 | =item telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
5988 | ||
5989 | (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not really | |
5990 | a dirhandle. Check your control flow. | |
5991 | ||
c2771421 FC |
5992 | =item tell() on unopened filehandle |
5993 | ||
5994 | (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that | |
5995 | was either never opened or has since been closed. | |
5996 | ||
b82b06b8 FC |
5997 | =item That use of $[ is unsupported |
5998 | ||
5999 | (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted | |
6000 | as a compiler directive. You may say only one of | |
6001 | ||
6002 | $[ = 0; | |
6003 | $[ = 1; | |
6004 | ... | |
6005 | local $[ = 0; | |
6006 | local $[ = 1; | |
6007 | ... | |
6008 | ||
6009 | This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out | |
6010 | from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[> and L<arybase>. | |
6011 | ||
a6eb74ec FC |
6012 | =item The bitwise feature is experimental |
6013 | ||
6014 | (S experimental::bitwise) This warning is emitted if you use bitwise | |
6015 | operators (C<& | ^ ~ &. |. ^. ~.>) with the "bitwise" feature enabled. | |
6016 | Simply suppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but know | |
6017 | that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental | |
6018 | feature which may change or be removed in a future Perl version: | |
6019 | ||
6020 | no warnings "experimental::bitwise"; | |
6021 | use feature "bitwise"; | |
6022 | $x |.= $y; | |
6023 | ||
67b16946 | 6024 | =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6025 | |
6026 | (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine, | |
6027 | probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they | |
8b1a09fc | 6028 | think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they |
a0d0e21e LW |
6029 | will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I |
6030 | will deny it. | |
6031 | ||
3f645a4e FC |
6032 | =item The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled |
6033 | ||
6034 | (F) To declare references to variables, as in C<my \%x>, you must first enable | |
6035 | the feature: | |
6036 | ||
6037 | no warnings "experimental::declared_refs"; | |
6038 | use feature "declared_refs"; | |
6039 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
6040 | =item The %s function is unimplemented |
6041 | ||
6042 | (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, | |
6043 | according to the probings of Configure. | |
6044 | ||
0d0b4b3b KW |
6045 | =item The regex_sets feature is experimental |
6046 | ||
6047 | (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you | |
6048 | use the syntax S<C<(?[ ])>> in a regular expression. | |
6049 | The details of this feature are subject to change. | |
6050 | if you want to use it, but know that in doing so you | |
6051 | are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may | |
6052 | change in a future Perl version, you can do this to silence the | |
6053 | warning: | |
6054 | ||
6055 | no warnings "experimental::regex_sets"; | |
6056 | ||
30d9c59b Z |
6057 | =item The signatures feature is experimental |
6058 | ||
6059 | (S experimental::signatures) This warning is emitted if you unwrap a | |
6060 | subroutine's arguments using a signature. Simply suppress the warning | |
6061 | if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking | |
6062 | the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be removed | |
6063 | in a future Perl version: | |
6064 | ||
6065 | no warnings "experimental::signatures"; | |
6066 | use feature "signatures"; | |
6067 | sub foo ($left, $right) { ... } | |
6068 | ||
5e1c7ca2 | 6069 | =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat |
a0d0e21e | 6070 | |
be771a83 GS |
6071 | (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic |
6072 | linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went | |
6073 | past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename | |
6074 | instead. | |
a0d0e21e | 6075 | |
371fce9b DM |
6076 | =item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables |
6077 | ||
1108974d | 6078 | (F) This attribute was never supported on C<my> or C<sub> declarations. |
371fce9b | 6079 | |
437784d6 | 6080 | =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s) |
f675dbe5 CB |
6081 | |
6082 | =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s) | |
6083 | ||
75b44862 | 6084 | (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an |
be771a83 GS |
6085 | element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl |
6086 | wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll | |
6087 | need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine | |
6088 | F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the | |
6089 | target of the change to | |
f675dbe5 CB |
6090 | %ENV which produced the warning. |
6091 | ||
6a5b4183 YO |
6092 | =item This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set(). |
6093 | ||
6094 | (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which | |
6095 | depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for randomized hash | |
f26c79ba | 6096 | key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled without it. You should |
6a5b4183 YO |
6097 | report this warning to the relevant upstream party, or recompile perl |
6098 | with default options. | |
6099 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
6100 | =item times not implemented |
6101 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6102 | (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I |
6103 | suspect you're not running on Unix. | |
a0d0e21e | 6104 | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
6105 | =item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line |
6106 | ||
b7e4ecc1 FC |
6107 | (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains |
6108 | the B<-T> option (or the B<-t> option), but Perl was not invoked with | |
6109 | B<-T> in its command line. This is an error because, by the time | |
6110 | Perl discovers a B<-T> in a script, it's too late to properly taint | |
6111 | everything from the environment. So Perl gives up. | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
6112 | |
6113 | If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #! | |
b7e4ecc1 FC |
6114 | mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be |
6115 | fixed by editing the #! line so that the B<-%c> option is a part of | |
6116 | Perl's first argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -%c> to C<perl -%c -n>. | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
6117 | |
6118 | If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the | |
fe13d51d | 6119 | B<-%c> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -%c scriptname>. |
6d3b25aa | 6120 | |
3a2263fe RGS |
6121 | =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s' |
6122 | ||
6123 | (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst, | |
6124 | uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you | |
6125 | specified an illegal mapping. | |
6126 | See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">. | |
6127 | ||
49704364 WL |
6128 | =item Too deeply nested ()-groups |
6129 | ||
1a147d38 | 6130 | (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level. |
49704364 | 6131 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6132 | =item Too few args to syscall |
6133 | ||
6134 | (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the | |
6135 | system call to call, silly dilly. | |
6136 | ||
ac7609e4 | 6137 | =item Too few arguments for subroutine '%s' |
bb6b75cd | 6138 | |
3f673807 FC |
6139 | (F) A subroutine using a signature fewer arguments than required by the |
6140 | signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault. | |
bb6b75cd | 6141 | |
3f673807 FC |
6142 | The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine. If |
6143 | the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name will be | |
6144 | shown, regardless of what name the caller used. | |
ac7609e4 | 6145 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6146 | =item Too late for "-%s" option |
6147 | ||
6148 | (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the | |
4ba71d51 FC |
6149 | B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option. |
6150 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
6151 | In the case of B<-M> and B<-m>, this is an error because those options |
6152 | are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead. | |
4ba71d51 | 6153 | |
6903afa2 FC |
6154 | The B<-C> option only works if it is specified on the command line as |
6155 | well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following). Either | |
6156 | specify this option on the command line, or, if your system supports | |
6157 | it, make your script executable and run it directly instead of passing | |
6158 | it to perl. | |
96ebfdd7 | 6159 | |
ddda08b7 GS |
6160 | =item Too late to run %s block |
6161 | ||
6162 | (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper, | |
6163 | when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are | |
be771a83 GS |
6164 | loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use> |
6165 | instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a | |
6166 | BEGIN block. | |
ddda08b7 | 6167 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6168 | =item Too many args to syscall |
6169 | ||
5f05dabc | 6170 | (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall(). |
a0d0e21e LW |
6171 | |
6172 | =item Too many arguments for %s | |
6173 | ||
6174 | (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified. | |
6175 | ||
ac7609e4 | 6176 | =item Too many arguments for subroutine '%s' |
bb6b75cd | 6177 | |
3f673807 FC |
6178 | (F) A subroutine using a signature received more arguments than permitted |
6179 | by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault. | |
bb6b75cd | 6180 | |
ac7609e4 AC |
6181 | The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine. If the |
6182 | subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name will be shown, | |
6183 | regardless of what name the caller used. | |
bb6b75cd | 6184 | |
6df41af2 GS |
6185 | =item Too many )'s |
6186 | ||
49704364 WL |
6187 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. |
6188 | Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. | |
6189 | ||
8c40cb74 NC |
6190 | =item Too many ('s |
6191 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6192 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. |
6193 | Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. | |
6df41af2 | 6194 | |
7253e4e3 | 6195 | =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e | 6196 | |
be771a83 GS |
6197 | (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash. |
6198 | Backslash it. See L<perlre>. | |
a0d0e21e | 6199 | |
2c268ad5 | 6200 | =item Transliteration pattern not terminated |
a0d0e21e LW |
6201 | |
6202 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][] | |
fb73857a | 6203 | or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables |
6204 | C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error. | |
a0d0e21e | 6205 | |
2c268ad5 | 6206 | =item Transliteration replacement not terminated |
a0d0e21e | 6207 | |
6a36df5d YST |
6208 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][], |
6209 | y/// or y[][] construct. | |
a0d0e21e | 6210 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6211 | =item '%s' trapped by operation mask |
6212 | ||
6213 | (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's | |
6903afa2 | 6214 | disallowed. See L<Safe>. |
96ebfdd7 | 6215 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6216 | =item truncate not implemented |
6217 | ||
6218 | (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that | |
6219 | Configure knows about. | |
6220 | ||
19c481f4 FC |
6221 | =item Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s |
6222 | ||
6223 | (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its argument | |
6224 | to be a hard reference to data of the specified type. Overloading is | |
6225 | ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the specified type, but | |
6226 | nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will still not be accepted. | |
6227 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
6228 | =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s) |
6229 | ||
6230 | (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a | |
8b1a09fc | 6231 | certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be |
6232 | %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6233 | {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>. |
6234 | ||
eec2d3df GS |
6235 | =item umask not implemented |
6236 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6237 | (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to |
6238 | use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700). | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6239 | |
6240 | =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs | |
6241 | ||
c632e777 | 6242 | (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how |
be771a83 | 6243 | many execution contexts were entered and left. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6244 | |
6245 | =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores | |
6246 | ||
4a983e45 | 6247 | (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how |
be771a83 | 6248 | many values were temporarily localized. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6249 | |
6250 | =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs | |
6251 | ||
090cebb2 | 6252 | (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how |
be771a83 | 6253 | many blocks were entered and left. |
a0d0e21e | 6254 | |
6651ba0b FC |
6255 | =item Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s" |
6256 | ||
31ff3bd2 | 6257 | (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the shared |
6651ba0b FC |
6258 | string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The entries |
6259 | should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere. | |
6260 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
6261 | =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees |
6262 | ||
2092d7c1 | 6263 | (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how |
be771a83 | 6264 | many mortal scalars were allocated and freed. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6265 | |
6266 | =item Undefined format "%s" called | |
6267 | ||
6268 | (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in | |
6269 | another package? See L<perlform>. | |
6270 | ||
6271 | =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called | |
6272 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6273 | (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist. |
6274 | Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6275 | |
6276 | =item Undefined subroutine &%s called | |
6277 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6278 | (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has |
6279 | since been undefined. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6280 | |
6281 | =item Undefined subroutine called | |
6282 | ||
6283 | (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined, | |
6284 | or if it was, it has since been undefined. | |
6285 | ||
6286 | =item Undefined subroutine in sort | |
6287 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6288 | (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem |
6289 | to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>. | |
a0d0e21e | 6290 | |
4633a7c4 LW |
6291 | =item Undefined top format "%s" called |
6292 | ||
6293 | (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in | |
6294 | another package? See L<perlform>. | |
6295 | ||
20408e3c GS |
6296 | =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob |
6297 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6298 | (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la |
6299 | C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean | |
6300 | C<undef *foo>. | |
20408e3c | 6301 | |
6df41af2 GS |
6302 | =item %s: Undefined variable |
6303 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6304 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. |
6305 | Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. | |
6df41af2 | 6306 | |
286c9456 | 6307 | =item Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
8e84dec2 KW |
6308 | |
6309 | (D deprecated, regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to | |
286c9456 | 6310 | match a literal C<{> character (U+007B C<LEFT CURLY BRACKET>) in a |
8e84dec2 KW |
6311 | regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in |
6312 | some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like | |
286c9456 A |
6313 | C<\{> or enclose it in square brackets (C<[{]>). If the pattern |
6314 | delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace (C<}>) should | |
8e84dec2 KW |
6315 | also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example, |
6316 | ||
6317 | qr{abc\{def\}ghi} | |
6318 | ||
286c9456 | 6319 | Forcing literal C<{> characters to be escaped will enable the Perl |
8e84dec2 KW |
6320 | language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To avoid |
6321 | needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not enforced in | |
6322 | contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions that could | |
286c9456 | 6323 | conflict with the use there of C<{> as a literal. |
8e84dec2 | 6324 | |
286c9456 | 6325 | In this release of Perl, some literal uses of C<{> are fatal, and some |
8e84dec2 | 6326 | still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some uses of a |
286c9456 | 6327 | literal C<{> that should have raised a deprecation warning starting in |
8e84dec2 KW |
6328 | v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-warned uses fatal |
6329 | now, some of the planned extensions can be made to the language sooner. | |
286c9456 | 6330 | The cases which are still allowed will be fatal in Perl 5.30. |
8e84dec2 KW |
6331 | |
6332 | The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are: | |
6333 | ||
6334 | =over 4 | |
6335 | ||
6336 | =item * | |
6337 | ||
286c9456 | 6338 | as the first character in a pattern, or following C<^> indicating to |
8e84dec2 KW |
6339 | anchor the match to the beginning of a line. |
6340 | ||
6341 | =item * | |
6342 | ||
286c9456 | 6343 | as the first character following a C<|> indicating alternation. |
8e84dec2 KW |
6344 | |
6345 | =item * | |
6346 | ||
6347 | as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like | |
6348 | ||
6349 | /foo({bar)/ | |
6350 | /foo(?:{bar)/ | |
6351 | ||
6352 | =item * | |
6353 | ||
6354 | as the first character following a quantifier | |
6355 | ||
6356 | /\s*{/ | |
6357 | ||
6358 | =back | |
6359 | ||
6360 | =for comment | |
6361 | The text of the message above is duplicated below to allow splain (and | |
6362 | 'use diagnostics') to work. Since one is fatal, and one not, they can't | |
6363 | be combined as one message. And since the non-fatal one is temporary, | |
6364 | there's no real need to enhance perldiag to handle this transient case. | |
6365 | ||
6366 | =item Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; | |
6e8a73f2 | 6367 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
412f55bb | 6368 | |
8e84dec2 KW |
6369 | (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to |
6370 | match a literal C<"{"> character (U+007B C<LEFT CURLY BRACKET>) in a | |
6371 | regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in | |
6372 | some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like | |
6373 | C<"\{"> or enclose it in square brackets (C<"[{]">). If the pattern | |
6374 | delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace (C<"}">) should | |
6375 | also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example, | |
6376 | ||
6377 | qr{abc\{def\}ghi} | |
6378 | ||
6379 | Forcing literal C<"{"> characters to be escaped will enable the Perl | |
6380 | language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To avoid | |
6381 | needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not enforced in | |
6382 | contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions that could | |
6383 | conflict with the use there of C<"{"> as a literal. | |
6384 | ||
6385 | In this release of Perl, some literal uses of C<"{"> are fatal, and some | |
6386 | still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some uses of a | |
6387 | literal C<"{"> that should have raised a deprecation warning starting in | |
6388 | v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-warned uses fatal | |
6389 | now, some of the planned extensions can be made to the language sooner. | |
6390 | ||
6391 | The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are: | |
6392 | ||
6393 | =over 4 | |
6394 | ||
6395 | =item * | |
6396 | ||
6397 | as the first character in a pattern, or following C<"^"> indicating to | |
6398 | anchor the match to the beginning of a line. | |
6399 | ||
6400 | =item * | |
6401 | ||
6402 | as the first character following a C<"|"> indicating alternation. | |
6403 | ||
6404 | =item * | |
6405 | ||
6406 | as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like | |
6407 | ||
6408 | /foo({bar)/ | |
6409 | /foo(?:{bar)/ | |
6410 | ||
6411 | =item * | |
6412 | ||
6413 | as the first character following a quantifier | |
412f55bb | 6414 | |
8e84dec2 | 6415 | /\s*{/ |
412f55bb | 6416 | |
8e84dec2 | 6417 | =back |
1656665e | 6418 | |
a4368cc3 KW |
6419 | =item Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ |
6420 | ||
6421 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>>) | |
6422 | ||
6423 | Within the scope of C<S<use re 'strict'>> in a regular expression | |
6424 | pattern, you included an unescaped C<}> or C<]> which was interpreted | |
6425 | literally. These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and | |
6426 | sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the | |
6427 | pattern. This is unlike the similar C<)> which is always a | |
6428 | metacharacter unless escaped. | |
6429 | ||
6430 | This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to Perl | |
6431 | silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify that you | |
6432 | want extra checking by C<S<use re 'strict'>>, this warning is generated. | |
6433 | If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm that to Perl by | |
6434 | preceding the character with a backslash, or make it into a bracketed | |
6435 | character class (like C<[}]>). If you meant it as closing a | |
6436 | corresponding C<[> or C<{>, you'll need to look back through the pattern | |
6437 | to find out why that isn't happening. | |
6438 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
6439 | =item unexec of %s into %s failed! |
6440 | ||
6441 | (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF | |
6442 | representative, who probably put it there in the first place. | |
6443 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6444 | =item Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex; |
6445 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
0d0b4b3b | 6446 | |
675fa9ff | 6447 | (F) You had something like this: |
0d0b4b3b KW |
6448 | |
6449 | (?[ | \p{Digit} ]) | |
6450 | ||
6451 | where the C<"|"> is a binary operator with an operand on the right, but | |
6452 | no operand on the left. | |
6453 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 6454 | =item Unexpected character in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
0d0b4b3b | 6455 | |
675fa9ff | 6456 | (F) You had something like this: |
0d0b4b3b KW |
6457 | |
6458 | (?[ z ]) | |
6459 | ||
6460 | Within C<(?[ ])>, no literal characters are allowed unless they are | |
6461 | within an inner pair of square brackets, like | |
6462 | ||
6463 | (?[ [ z ] ]) | |
6464 | ||
6465 | Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't smart | |
6466 | enough to figure out what you really meant. | |
6467 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
6468 | =item Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d |
6469 | ||
6470 | (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed an | |
6471 | internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree. | |
6472 | ||
6c341f67 TC |
6473 | =item Unexpected exit %u |
6474 | ||
6475 | (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully when | |
6476 | C<PERL_EXIT_WARN> was set in C<PL_exit_flags>. | |
6477 | ||
878ce265 | 6478 | =item Unexpected exit failure %d |
6c341f67 TC |
6479 | |
6480 | (S) An uncaught die() was called when C<PERL_EXIT_WARN> was set in | |
6481 | C<PL_exit_flags>. | |
6482 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 6483 | =item Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
6484 | |
6485 | (F) You had something like this: | |
6486 | ||
6487 | (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ]) | |
6488 | ||
6489 | The C<")"> is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to | |
6490 | be combined with the digits, or the C<"+"> shouldn't be there, or | |
6491 | something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended. | |
6492 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6493 | =item Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by |
6494 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
675fa9ff FC |
6495 | |
6496 | (F) You had something like this: | |
6497 | ||
6498 | (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ]) | |
6499 | ||
6500 | There should be an operator before the C<"(">, as there's | |
6501 | no indication as to how the digits are to be combined | |
6502 | with the characters in the Lao and Thai scripts. | |
6503 | ||
ba707cdc | 6504 | =item Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange |
0876b9a0 | 6505 | |
4c2e59a0 | 6506 | (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are |
66a1f5ec FC |
6507 | defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those |
6508 | are legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so, | |
6509 | applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application | |
6510 | may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving | |
6511 | them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can | |
6512 | turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'nonchar';>. | |
6513 | ||
6514 | This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be | |
6515 | raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently | |
6516 | the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious. | |
6a807e21 | 6517 | |
c794c51b FC |
6518 | =item Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8 |
6519 | ||
4c2e59a0 | 6520 | (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are |
c794c51b FC |
6521 | not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and |
6522 | U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16. However, Perl | |
6523 | internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit | |
6524 | available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause | |
6525 | problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message | |
6526 | came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn | |
8457b38f | 6527 | off this warning by C<no warnings 'surrogate';>. |
c794c51b | 6528 | |
dcfe9e74 KW |
6529 | =item Unknown charname '%s' |
6530 | ||
6531 | (F) The name you used inside C<\N{}> is unknown to Perl. Check the | |
6532 | spelling. You can say C<use charnames ":loose"> to not have to be | |
6533 | so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard Unicode | |
6534 | names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be specified | |
6535 | exactly, regardless of whether C<:loose> is used or not.) This error may | |
6536 | also happen if the C<\N{}> is not in the scope of the corresponding | |
6537 | C<S<use charnames>>. | |
6538 | ||
04177465 FC |
6539 | =item Unknown error |
6540 | ||
6541 | (P) Perl was about to print an error message in C<$@>, but the C<$@> variable | |
6542 | did not exist, even after an attempt to create it. | |
6543 | ||
6170680b IZ |
6544 | =item Unknown open() mode '%s' |
6545 | ||
437784d6 | 6546 | (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list |
c47ff5f1 | 6547 | of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>, |
488dad83 | 6548 | C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>. |
6170680b | 6549 | |
b4581f09 JH |
6550 | =item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s" |
6551 | ||
6552 | (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O | |
6553 | system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and | |
6554 | internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>, | |
6555 | are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't | |
6556 | explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the | |
6557 | value of the environment variable PERLIO. | |
6558 | ||
f675dbe5 CB |
6559 | =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s |
6560 | ||
6561 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before | |
6562 | iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of | |
6563 | data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to | |
6564 | subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes. | |
a05d7ebb | 6565 | |
283151b7 | 6566 | =item Unknown regexp modifier "/%s" |
0da72d5e KW |
6567 | |
6568 | (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter | |
6569 | of a regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier | |
6570 | flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid. One way | |
6571 | this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between the end of | |
6572 | the regex and a following alphanumeric operator: | |
6573 | ||
6574 | if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... } | |
6575 | ||
6576 | The C<"a"> is a valid modifier flag, but the C<"n"> is not, and raises | |
6577 | this error. Likely what was meant instead was: | |
6578 | ||
6579 | if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... } | |
6580 | ||
5a25739d FC |
6581 | =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s) |
6582 | ||
6583 | (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma. | |
6584 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6585 | =item Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
6586 | m/%s/ | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6587 | |
6588 | (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct | |
6903afa2 | 6589 | is not known. The condition must be one of the following: |
5fecf430 | 6590 | |
674f6ed9 FC |
6591 | (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched |
6592 | (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched | |
6593 | (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches | |
6594 | (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match | |
6595 | (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value | |
6596 | (R) true if evaluating inside recursion | |
6597 | (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc. | |
6598 | (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture | |
6599 | (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns | |
96ebfdd7 | 6600 | |
6e8a73f2 | 6601 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6602 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
6603 | ||
a05d7ebb JH |
6604 | =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c' |
6605 | ||
a4a4c9e2 | 6606 | (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation |
a05d7ebb JH |
6607 | of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options. |
6608 | ||
64187737 | 6609 | =item Unknown Unicode option value %d |
a05d7ebb | 6610 | |
a4a4c9e2 | 6611 | (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation |
a05d7ebb | 6612 | of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options. |
f675dbe5 | 6613 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6614 | =item Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
e2e6a0f1 YO |
6615 | |
6616 | (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a C<*> quantifier | |
6617 | after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review | |
6618 | L<perlre> for details on legal verb patterns. | |
6619 | ||
c2771421 FC |
6620 | =item Unknown warnings category '%s' |
6621 | ||
6903afa2 | 6622 | (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings |
c2771421 FC |
6623 | category that is unknown to perl at this point. |
6624 | ||
14ef4c80 FC |
6625 | Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a |
6626 | module (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have loaded this | |
6627 | module first. | |
c2771421 | 6628 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6629 | =item Unmatched [ in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6df41af2 | 6630 | |
6903afa2 | 6631 | (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to |
be771a83 | 6632 | include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it |
e0e4a6e3 | 6633 | first. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
6903afa2 | 6634 | problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
6df41af2 | 6635 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6636 | =item Unmatched ( in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
aec0ef10 | 6637 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6638 | =item Unmatched ) in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e LW |
6639 | |
6640 | (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular | |
6903afa2 | 6641 | expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding |
e0e4a6e3 | 6642 | the matching parenthesis. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the |
9e3ec65c | 6643 | regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
a0d0e21e | 6644 | |
d98d5fff | 6645 | =item Unmatched right %s bracket |
a0d0e21e | 6646 | |
be771a83 GS |
6647 | (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening |
6648 | ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a | |
6649 | general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place | |
6650 | you were last editing. | |
a0d0e21e | 6651 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6652 | =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word |
6653 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6654 | (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a |
6655 | reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it | |
6656 | somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a | |
6657 | subroutine. | |
a0d0e21e | 6658 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6659 | =item Unrecognized character %s; marked by S<<-- HERE> after %s near column |
6660 | %d | |
a0d0e21e | 6661 | |
54310121 | 6662 | (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character |
1b303a7d FC |
6663 | in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column. Perhaps you |
6664 | tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as | |
6665 | a Perl program. | |
a0d0e21e | 6666 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6667 | =item Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by |
6668 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
0d0b4b3b | 6669 | |
675fa9ff FC |
6670 | (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not |
6671 | recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal | |
6672 | error when the character class is used within C<(?[ ])>. | |
0d0b4b3b | 6673 | |
6fbc9859 | 6674 | =item Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex; |
e0e4a6e3 | 6675 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6df41af2 | 6676 | |
be771a83 GS |
6677 | (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not |
6678 | recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was | |
b224edc1 | 6679 | understood literally, but this may change in a future version of Perl. |
e0e4a6e3 | 6680 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
2628b4e0 | 6681 | escape was discovered. |
6df41af2 | 6682 | |
4a68bf9d | 6683 | =item Unrecognized escape \%c passed through |
2f7da168 | 6684 | |
2628b4e0 | 6685 | (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not |
b224edc1 KW |
6686 | recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but this may |
6687 | change in a future version of Perl. | |
2f7da168 | 6688 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6689 | =item Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by |
6690 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
6df41af2 | 6691 | |
be771a83 | 6692 | (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not |
b7e4ecc1 | 6693 | recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally, but |
e0e4a6e3 | 6694 | this may change in a future version of Perl. The S<<-- HERE> shows |
9e3ec65c | 6695 | whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered. |
6df41af2 | 6696 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6697 | =item Unrecognized signal name "%s" |
6698 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6699 | (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not |
6700 | recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names | |
6701 | on your system. | |
a0d0e21e | 6702 | |
90248788 | 6703 | =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options) |
a0d0e21e | 6704 | |
be771a83 GS |
6705 | (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you |
6706 | think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the | |
6707 | bad switch on your behalf.) | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6708 | |
6709 | =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline | |
6710 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6711 | (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that |
6712 | operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline, | |
5b3eff12 | 6713 | PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6714 | |
6715 | =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called | |
6716 | ||
6717 | (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir(). | |
6718 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
6719 | =item Unsupported function %s |
6720 | ||
6721 | (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently. | |
6722 | At least, Configure doesn't think so. | |
6723 | ||
54310121 | 6724 | =item Unsupported function fork |
6725 | ||
6726 | (F) Your version of executable does not support forking. | |
6727 | ||
be771a83 | 6728 | Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors |
6903afa2 | 6729 | of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try |
be771a83 | 6730 | changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on. |
54310121 | 6731 | |
7aa207d6 | 6732 | =item Unsupported script encoding %s |
b250498f GS |
6733 | |
6734 | (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which | |
7aa207d6 | 6735 | declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read. |
b250498f | 6736 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6737 | =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called |
6738 | ||
6739 | (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at | |
6740 | least that's what Configure thought. | |
6741 | ||
6df41af2 | 6742 | =item Unterminated attribute list |
a0d0e21e | 6743 | |
be771a83 GS |
6744 | (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the |
6745 | start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a | |
6746 | block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous | |
6747 | attribute too soon. See L<attributes>. | |
a0d0e21e | 6748 | |
09bef843 SB |
6749 | =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list |
6750 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6751 | (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing |
6752 | an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis | |
09bef843 SB |
6753 | character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash |
6754 | character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>. | |
6755 | ||
f1991046 GS |
6756 | =item Unterminated compressed integer |
6757 | ||
6758 | (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER | |
6759 | compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer. | |
6760 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
6761 | ||
6f2d7fc9 FC |
6762 | =item Unterminated delimiter for here document |
6763 | ||
6764 | (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial | |
6765 | quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps | |
6766 | you wrote: | |
6767 | ||
6768 | <<"foo | |
6769 | ||
6770 | instead of: | |
6771 | ||
6772 | <<"foo" | |
6773 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 6774 | =item Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
779fedd7 | 6775 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6776 | =item Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
2bf803e2 | 6777 | |
5364049c KW |
6778 | (F) In a regular expression, you had a C<\g> that wasn't followed by a |
6779 | proper group reference. In the case of C<\g{>, the closing brace is | |
6780 | missing; otherwise the C<\g> must be followed by an integer. Fix the | |
6781 | pattern and retry. | |
e2e6a0f1 | 6782 | |
6df41af2 | 6783 | =item Unterminated <> operator |
09bef843 | 6784 | |
6df41af2 | 6785 | (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting |
be771a83 GS |
6786 | a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and |
6787 | not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out | |
6788 | earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than". | |
09bef843 | 6789 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6790 | =item Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
6791 | m/%s/ | |
905fe053 FC |
6792 | |
6793 | (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB:ARG)> but did not terminate | |
6903afa2 | 6794 | the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry. |
905fe053 | 6795 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6796 | =item Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
905fe053 FC |
6797 | |
6798 | (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB)> but did not terminate | |
6903afa2 | 6799 | the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry. |
905fe053 | 6800 | |
6df41af2 | 6801 | =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist |
a0d0e21e | 6802 | |
be771a83 GS |
6803 | (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was |
6804 | still valid when C<untie> was called. | |
a0d0e21e | 6805 | |
8e11cd2b JC |
6806 | =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s) |
6807 | ||
6808 | (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. | |
6809 | See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information. | |
6810 | ||
6811 | =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s) | |
6812 | ||
6813 | (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. | |
6814 | See L<Win32> for more information. | |
6815 | ||
89474f50 FC |
6816 | =item $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?) |
6817 | ||
6818 | (W syntax) You used C<$[> in a comparison, such as: | |
6819 | ||
6820 | if ($[ > 5.006) { | |
6821 | ... | |
6822 | } | |
6823 | ||
6824 | You probably meant to use C<$]> instead. C<$[> is the base for indexing | |
6825 | arrays. C<$]> is the Perl version number in decimal. | |
6826 | ||
6da34ecb FC |
6827 | =item Use "%s" instead of "%s" |
6828 | ||
6829 | (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal. Use the first one | |
6830 | instead. | |
6831 | ||
8fe85e3f FC |
6832 | =item Useless assignment to a temporary |
6833 | ||
6834 | (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what | |
6835 | the subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to | |
6836 | be discarded, so the assignment had no effect. | |
6837 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6838 | =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by |
6839 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
9d1d55b5 | 6840 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6841 | (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no |
6842 | meaning unless removed from the entire regexp: | |
9d1d55b5 | 6843 | |
96ebfdd7 | 6844 | if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... } |
9d1d55b5 JP |
6845 | |
6846 | must be written as | |
6847 | ||
96ebfdd7 | 6848 | if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... } |
9d1d55b5 | 6849 | |
6e8a73f2 | 6850 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
9e3ec65c | 6851 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
9d1d55b5 | 6852 | |
b4581f09 JH |
6853 | =item Useless localization of %s |
6854 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
6855 | (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is legal, |
6856 | but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at | |
b4581f09 JH |
6857 | some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged. |
6858 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6859 | =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
6860 | m/%s/ | |
9d1d55b5 | 6861 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6862 | (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no |
6863 | meaning unless applied to the entire regexp: | |
9d1d55b5 | 6864 | |
96ebfdd7 | 6865 | if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... } |
9d1d55b5 JP |
6866 | |
6867 | must be written as | |
6868 | ||
96ebfdd7 | 6869 | if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... } |
9d1d55b5 | 6870 | |
6e8a73f2 | 6871 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
9e3ec65c | 6872 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
9d1d55b5 | 6873 | |
3108f4df FC |
6874 | =item Useless use of attribute "const" |
6875 | ||
796b6530 | 6876 | (W misc) The C<const> attribute has no effect except |
3108f4df FC |
6877 | on anonymous closure prototypes. You applied it to |
6878 | a subroutine via L<attributes.pm|attributes>. This is only useful | |
6879 | inside an attribute handler for an anonymous subroutine. | |
6880 | ||
b08e453b RB |
6881 | =item Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator |
6882 | ||
6883 | (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the | |
6903afa2 | 6884 | same length as the replacelist. See L<perlop> for more information |
b08e453b RB |
6885 | about the /d modifier. |
6886 | ||
820438b1 FC |
6887 | =item Useless use of \E |
6888 | ||
6889 | (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a C<\U>, | |
6890 | C<\L> or C<\Q> preceding it. | |
6891 | ||
4fa6dd16 KW |
6892 | =item Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6893 | ||
6894 | (W regexp) You specified something like these: | |
6895 | ||
6896 | qr/a{3}?/ | |
6897 | qr/b{1,1}+/ | |
6898 | ||
6899 | The C<"?"> and C<"+"> don't have any effect, as they modify whether to | |
6900 | match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to match | |
6901 | exactly a given numer, there is no room left for a choice. | |
6902 | ||
6df41af2 | 6903 | =item Useless use of %s in void context |
a0d0e21e | 6904 | |
75b44862 | 6905 | (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does |
be771a83 GS |
6906 | nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a |
6907 | value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very | |
6908 | often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl | |
6909 | to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd | |
6910 | get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and | |
6911 | said | |
a0d0e21e | 6912 | |
6df41af2 | 6913 | $one, $two = 1, 2; |
748a9306 | 6914 | |
6df41af2 GS |
6915 | when you meant to say |
6916 | ||
6917 | ($one, $two) = (1, 2); | |
6918 | ||
6919 | Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list | |
6920 | reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for | |
6921 | example, if you say | |
6922 | ||
6923 | $array = (1,2); | |
6924 | ||
6925 | when you should have said | |
6926 | ||
6927 | $array = [1,2]; | |
6928 | ||
6929 | The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value, | |
6930 | while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in | |
6931 | a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which | |
6932 | throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See | |
6933 | L<perlref> for more on this. | |
6934 | ||
65191a1e BS |
6935 | This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1 |
6936 | since they are often used in statements like | |
6937 | ||
4358a253 | 6938 | 1 while sub_with_side_effects(); |
65191a1e BS |
6939 | |
6940 | String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned | |
6941 | about. | |
6942 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 6943 | =item Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
6944 | |
6945 | (W regexp) The C<p> modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying to do | |
6946 | so is futile. | |
6947 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
6948 | =item Useless use of "re" pragma |
6949 | ||
6903afa2 | 6950 | (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful. |
6df41af2 | 6951 | |
a801c63c RGS |
6952 | =item Useless use of sort in scalar context |
6953 | ||
6954 | (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in : | |
6955 | ||
6956 | my $x = sort @y; | |
6957 | ||
6958 | This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away. | |
6959 | ||
de4864e4 JH |
6960 | =item Useless use of %s with no values |
6961 | ||
f87c3213 | 6962 | (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments |
6903afa2 FC |
6963 | apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't |
6964 | usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's | |
de4864e4 | 6965 | possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect |
6903afa2 | 6966 | if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so, |
de4864e4 JH |
6967 | you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning. |
6968 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
6969 | =item "use" not allowed in expression |
6970 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6971 | (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and |
6972 | returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>. | |
748a9306 | 6973 | |
8e796115 | 6974 | =item Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated, and will be fatal in 5.30 |
36b2db7e FC |
6975 | |
6976 | (D deprecated) The C<$[> variable (index of the first element in an array) | |
8e796115 DIM |
6977 | is deprecated since Perl 5.12, and setting it to a non-zero value will be |
6978 | fatal as of Perl 5.30. | |
6979 | See L<perlvar/"$[">. | |
36b2db7e | 6980 | |
c6e25b09 | 6981 | =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is forbidden |
4633a7c4 | 6982 | |
3f673807 FC |
6983 | (F) You are now required to use the explicitly quoted form if you wish |
6984 | to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document. | |
83ce3e12 | 6985 | |
3f673807 FC |
6986 | Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and is a fatal |
6987 | error as of Perl 5.28. | |
e5aa3f0b | 6988 | |
64e578a2 MJD |
6989 | =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s/// |
6990 | ||
6991 | (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c | |
6992 | modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions. | |
6993 | ||
4ac733c9 MJD |
6994 | =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g |
6995 | ||
6996 | (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't | |
6997 | use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is | |
6998 | used. (This may change in the future.) | |
6999 | ||
113b8661 A |
7000 | =item Use of code point 0x%s is not allowed; the permissible max is 0x%s. |
7001 | ||
7002 | (F) You used a code point that is not allowed, because it is too large. | |
7003 | Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl allows much | |
7004 | larger ones. Earlier versions of Perl allowed code points above IV_MAX | |
7005 | (0x7FFFFFF on 32-bit platforms, 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF on 64-bit platforms), | |
7006 | however, this could possibly break the perl interpreter in some constructs, | |
7007 | including causing it to hang in a few cases. | |
2d212e86 KW |
7008 | |
7009 | If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the upper | |
7010 | limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit word sizes | |
7011 | than 32-bit ones. | |
7012 | ||
fcdb3ac1 | 7013 | The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and |
113b8661 | 7014 | became a fatal error in Perl 5.28. |
fcdb3ac1 | 7015 | |
675fa9ff FC |
7016 | =item Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator results in undefined behavior |
7017 | ||
f26c79ba FC |
7018 | (S internal) The behavior of C<each()> after insertion is undefined; |
7019 | it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using | |
7020 | C<keys()> instead of C<each()>. | |
675fa9ff | 7021 | |
2dc78664 | 7022 | =item Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed |
036e1e65 | 7023 | |
2dc78664 NC |
7024 | (F) The construction C<my $x := 42> used to parse as equivalent to |
7025 | C<my $x : = 42> (applying an empty attribute list to C<$x>). | |
7026 | This construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax | |
7027 | error, so C<:=> can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future. | |
7028 | ||
7029 | If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code generator, add | |
7030 | a space before the C<=>. | |
036e1e65 | 7031 | |
fafdadbd KW |
7032 | =item Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong. Assuming a UTF-8 locale |
7033 | ||
7034 | (W locale) You are matching a regular expression using locale rules, | |
7035 | and the specified construct was encountered. This construct is only | |
7036 | valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't. This doesn't | |
7037 | make sense. Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode (UTF-8) locale, but | |
7038 | the results are likely to be wrong. | |
7039 | ||
b6c83531 | 7040 | =item Use of freed value in iteration |
2f7da168 | 7041 | |
b6c83531 JH |
7042 | (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? |
7043 | This error is typically caused by code like the following: | |
2f7da168 RK |
7044 | |
7045 | @a = (3,4); | |
7046 | @a = () for (1,2,@a); | |
7047 | ||
7048 | You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over. | |
7049 | For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full | |
7050 | reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the | |
7051 | middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value. | |
7052 | ||
96ebfdd7 | 7053 | =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split |
35ae6b54 | 7054 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
7055 | (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split> |
7056 | operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern | |
7057 | repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect. | |
35ae6b54 | 7058 | |
dc6e8de0 | 7059 | =item Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated |
0b98bec9 RGS |
7060 | |
7061 | (D deprecated) Using C<goto> to jump from an outer scope into an inner | |
7062 | scope is deprecated and should be avoided. | |
7063 | ||
dc6e8de0 | 7064 | This was deprecated in Perl 5.12. |
9fc8eee0 | 7065 | |
64278e8c A |
7066 | =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed |
7067 | ||
7068 | (F) As an accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines were looked up as | |
7069 | methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy), even when the subroutines to be | |
7070 | autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. C<Foo::bar()>), not as | |
7071 | methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<< $obj->bar() >>). | |
7072 | ||
7073 | This was deprecated in Perl 5.004, and was made fatal in Perl 5.28. | |
d9d53e86 | 7074 | |
6df41af2 GS |
7075 | =item Use of %s in printf format not supported |
7076 | ||
7077 | (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from | |
7078 | only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl. | |
7079 | ||
5840701a | 7080 | =item Use of -l on filehandle%s |
5a7abfcc FC |
7081 | |
7082 | (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file | |
7083 | it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for. | |
7084 | The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead. | |
7085 | ||
1f1cc344 | 7086 | =item Use of reference "%s" as array index |
d804643f | 7087 | |
77b96956 | 7088 | (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably |
1f1cc344 JH |
7089 | isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend |
7090 | to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error. | |
d804643f | 7091 | |
64977eb6 | 7092 | If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so: |
1f1cc344 | 7093 | C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects, |
54e0f05c | 7094 | however, because you can overload the numification and stringification |
c69ca1d4 | 7095 | operators and then you presumably know what you are doing. |
d804643f | 7096 | |
87e05d1a | 7097 | =item Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s |
5d09ee1c | 7098 | operator is not allowed |
87e05d1a | 7099 | |
3f673807 FC |
7100 | (F) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators (C<&> or C<|> or C<^> or |
7101 | C<~>) on a string containing a code point over 0xFF. The string bitwise | |
7102 | operators treat their operands as strings of bytes, and values beyond | |
7103 | 0xFF are nonsensical in this context. | |
87e05d1a | 7104 | |
5d09ee1c | 7105 | This became fatal in Perl 5.28. |
ecbcbef0 | 7106 | |
315f3fc1 KW |
7107 | =item Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to C<vec> |
7108 | is deprecated. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.32 | |
7109 | ||
7110 | (D deprecated) You tried to use L<C<vec>|perlfunc/vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS> | |
7111 | on a string containing a code point over 0xFF, which is nonsensical here. | |
7112 | ||
7113 | Such usage will be a fatal error in Perl 5.32. | |
7114 | ||
bbd7eb8a RD |
7115 | =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated |
7116 | ||
159f47d9 | 7117 | (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple |
bbd7eb8a RD |
7118 | arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed |
7119 | but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your | |
7120 | arguments. See L<perlsec>. | |
7121 | ||
94749a5e | 7122 | =item Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a |
7cb258c1 | 7123 | delimiter will be a fatal error starting in Perl 5.30 |
94749a5e KW |
7124 | |
7125 | (D deprecated) | |
7126 | A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to be a | |
7127 | character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may actually be | |
7128 | several adjacent characters that together form a complete grapheme. For | |
7129 | example, there can be a base character, like "R" and an accent, like a | |
7130 | circumflex "^", that appear when displayed to be a single character with | |
7131 | the circumflex hovering over the "R". Perl currently allows things like | |
7132 | that circumflex to be delimiters of strings, patterns, I<etc>. When | |
7133 | displayed, the circumflex would look like it belongs to the character | |
7134 | just to the left of it. In order to move the language to be able to | |
7135 | accept graphemes as delimiters, we have to deprecate the use of | |
7136 | delimiters which aren't graphemes by themselves. Also, a delimiter must | |
7137 | already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to try | |
7138 | to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would fail to | |
7139 | compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being something | |
7140 | that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is never going to | |
7141 | assign | |
7142 | L<non-character code points|perlunicode/Noncharacter code points>, nor | |
7143 | L<code points that are above the legal Unicode maximum| | |
7144 | perlunicode/Beyond Unicode code points>, those can be delimiters, and | |
7145 | their use won't raise this warning. | |
7146 | ||
cc95b072 | 7147 | =item Use of uninitialized value%s |
a0d0e21e | 7148 | |
be771a83 GS |
7149 | (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already |
7150 | defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. | |
7151 | To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables. | |
a0d0e21e | 7152 | |
6903afa2 FC |
7153 | To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you |
7154 | the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases | |
7155 | it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the | |
7156 | undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program | |
50a39ba4 | 7157 | and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear |
6903afa2 FC |
7158 | literally in your program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually |
7159 | optimized into C<"that " . $foo>, and the warning will refer to the | |
7160 | C<concatenation (.)> operator, even though there is no C<.> in | |
7161 | your program. | |
e5be4a53 | 7162 | |
67cdf558 KW |
7163 | =item "use re 'strict'" is experimental |
7164 | ||
7165 | (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a regular | |
7166 | expression pattern is compiled under C<'strict'> are subject to change | |
7167 | in future Perl releases in incompatible ways. This means that a pattern | |
7168 | that compiles today may not in a future Perl release. This warning is | |
7169 | to alert you to that risk. | |
7170 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
7171 | =item Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by |
7172 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
675fa9ff FC |
7173 | |
7174 | (F) In a regular expression, you said something like | |
7175 | ||
7176 | (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ]) | |
7177 | ||
7178 | Perl isn't sure if you meant this | |
7179 | ||
7180 | (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ]) | |
7181 | ||
7182 | or if you meant this | |
7183 | ||
7184 | (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ]) | |
7185 | ||
7186 | You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate. | |
7187 | ||
6fbc9859 | 7188 | =item Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in |
e0e4a6e3 | 7189 | regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ff3f963a | 7190 | |
f3ba6905 FC |
7191 | (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes C<(\N{...})> may return |
7192 | a multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is | |
7193 | supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match | |
7194 | the whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted | |
7195 | (C<[^...]>), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of | |
7196 | a range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In | |
7197 | these circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character | |
7198 | of the returned sequence, which is not likely what you want. | |
ff3f963a | 7199 | |
6e8a73f2 | 7200 | =item Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
64935bc6 KW |
7201 | |
7202 | (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary (C<\b{...}> or C<\B{...}>) in a | |
7203 | portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers C</a> | |
7204 | or C</aa> are in effect. These two modifiers indicate an ASCII | |
0308b42c | 7205 | interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode defintion. |
64935bc6 KW |
7206 | The generated regular expression will compile so that the boundary uses |
7207 | all of Unicode. No other portion of the regular expression is affected. | |
7208 | ||
c794c51b FC |
7209 | =item Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense |
7210 | ||
7211 | (F) Using the C<!~> operator with C<s///r>, C<tr///r> or C<y///r> is | |
0f44b2a5 | 7212 | currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not |
6903afa2 | 7213 | been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the |
c794c51b | 7214 | modified string is usually not particularly useful.) |
0876b9a0 | 7215 | |
949cf498 KW |
7216 | =item UTF-16 surrogate U+%X |
7217 | ||
4c2e59a0 | 7218 | (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are |
949cf498 KW |
7219 | not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and |
7220 | U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16. However, Perl | |
7221 | internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit | |
7222 | available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause | |
7223 | problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message | |
7224 | came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn | |
8457b38f | 7225 | off this warning by C<no warnings 'surrogate';>. |
9466bab6 | 7226 | |
68dc0745 | 7227 | =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined() |
a6006777 | 7228 | |
75b44862 | 7229 | (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob), |
be771a83 GS |
7230 | C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs |
7231 | can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression | |
7232 | false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these | |
7233 | constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the | |
7234 | C<defined> operator. | |
a6006777 | 7235 | |
f675dbe5 CB |
7236 | =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long |
7237 | ||
be771a83 GS |
7238 | (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an |
7239 | %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string | |
7240 | longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to | |
7241 | 1024 characters. | |
f675dbe5 | 7242 | |
b5c19bd7 | 7243 | =item Variable "%s" is not available |
44a8e56a | 7244 | |
b5c19bd7 DM |
7245 | (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is |
7246 | attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available. | |
6903afa2 | 7247 | This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be |
b5c19bd7 DM |
7248 | declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created. |
7249 | (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous | |
6903afa2 | 7250 | subs are created at run-time.) For example, |
44a8e56a | 7251 | |
b5c19bd7 | 7252 | sub { my $a; sub f { $a } } |
44a8e56a | 7253 | |
b5c19bd7 | 7254 | At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a, |
6903afa2 | 7255 | since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely, |
b5c19bd7 DM |
7256 | the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by |
7257 | now been created and is live: | |
be771a83 | 7258 | |
b5c19bd7 DM |
7259 | sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->(); |
7260 | ||
7261 | The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has | |
7262 | gone out of scope, for example, | |
7263 | ||
7264 | sub f { | |
7265 | my $a; | |
7266 | sub { eval '$a' } | |
7267 | } | |
7268 | f()->(); | |
7269 | ||
1b303a7d FC |
7270 | Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently |
7271 | being executed, so its $a is not available for capture. | |
44a8e56a | 7272 | |
b4581f09 JH |
7273 | =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s |
7274 | ||
120b0f81 | 7275 | (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable |
413ff9f6 | 7276 | that you apparently thought was imported from another module, because |
b4581f09 JH |
7277 | something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by |
7278 | that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the | |
7279 | front of your variable. | |
7280 | ||
aec0ef10 | 7281 | =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/ |
b4581f09 JH |
7282 | |
7283 | (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and | |
d0a29c36 KW |
7284 | known at compile time. For positive lookbehind, you can use the C<\K> |
7285 | regex construct as a way to get the equivalent functionality. See | |
a8f2f5fa | 7286 | L<(?<=pattern) and \K in perlre|perlre/\K>. |
d0a29c36 | 7287 | |
754dd754 KW |
7288 | Starting in Perl 5.18, there are non-obvious Unicode rules under C</i> |
7289 | that can match variably, but which you might not think could. For | |
7290 | example, the substring C<"ss"> can match the single character LATIN | |
7291 | SMALL LETTER SHARP S. Here's a complete list of the current ones | |
7292 | affecting ASCII characters: | |
7293 | ||
7294 | ASCII | |
7295 | sequence Matches single letter under /i | |
7296 | FF U+FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF | |
7297 | FFI U+FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI | |
7298 | FFL U+FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL | |
7299 | FI U+FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI | |
7300 | FL U+FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL | |
7301 | SS U+00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S | |
7302 | U+1E9E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S | |
7303 | ST U+FB06 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST | |
7304 | U+FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T | |
7305 | ||
7306 | This list is subject to change, but is quite unlikely to. | |
7307 | Each ASCII sequence can be any combination of upper- and lowercase. | |
7308 | ||
7309 | You can avoid this by using a bracketed character class in the | |
7310 | lookbehind assertion, like | |
7311 | ||
7312 | (?<![sS]t) | |
7313 | (?<![fF]f[iI]) | |
7314 | ||
7315 | This fools Perl into not matching the ligatures. | |
7316 | ||
7317 | Another option for Perls starting with 5.16, if you only care about | |
7318 | ASCII matches, is to add the C</aa> modifier to the regex. This will | |
7319 | exclude all these non-obvious matches, thus getting rid of this message. | |
7320 | You can also say | |
7321 | ||
7322 | use if $] ge 5.016, re => '/aa'; | |
7323 | ||
d0a29c36 KW |
7324 | to apply C</aa> to all regular expressions compiled within its scope. |
7325 | See L<re>. | |
b4581f09 JH |
7326 | |
7327 | =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s | |
7328 | ||
52e3acf8 | 7329 | (W shadow) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in the |
b9cc85ad FC |
7330 | current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the |
7331 | previous instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note | |
7332 | that the earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope | |
20d33786 | 7333 | or until all closure references to it are destroyed. |
b4581f09 | 7334 | |
6df41af2 GS |
7335 | =item Variable syntax |
7336 | ||
7337 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead | |
7338 | of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into | |
7339 | Perl yourself. | |
7340 | ||
44a8e56a | 7341 | =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared |
7342 | ||
be771a83 | 7343 | (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a |
b5c19bd7 | 7344 | lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine. |
44a8e56a | 7345 | |
b5c19bd7 | 7346 | When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of |
be771a83 GS |
7347 | the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first* |
7348 | call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the | |
7349 | outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no | |
7350 | longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the | |
7351 | variable will no longer be shared. | |
44a8e56a | 7352 | |
44a8e56a | 7353 | This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine |
7354 | anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that | |
b5c19bd7 | 7355 | reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they |
be771a83 | 7356 | are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables. |
44a8e56a | 7357 | |
6651ba0b FC |
7358 | =item vector argument not supported with alpha versions |
7359 | ||
8b6051f1 | 7360 | (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version objects |
6651ba0b FC |
7361 | with alpha parts. |
7362 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
7363 | =item Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by |
7364 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
e2e6a0f1 | 7365 | |
6903afa2 FC |
7366 | (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an |
7367 | argument or check that you are using the right verb. | |
e2e6a0f1 | 7368 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
7369 | =item Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by |
7370 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
e2e6a0f1 | 7371 | |
6903afa2 | 7372 | (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove the |
e2e6a0f1 YO |
7373 | argument or check that you are using the right verb. |
7374 | ||
9c88bb56 | 7375 | =item Version control conflict marker |
397c43d8 LM |
7376 | |
7377 | (F) The parser found a line starting with C<E<lt><<<<<<>, | |
d4e5761f | 7378 | C<E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>>, or C<=======>. These may be left by a |
397c43d8 LM |
7379 | version control system to mark conflicts after a failed merge operation. |
7380 | ||
084610c0 GS |
7381 | =item Version number must be a constant number |
7382 | ||
7383 | (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into | |
7384 | its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with | |
7385 | the version number. | |
7386 | ||
808ee47e SP |
7387 | =item Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s' |
7388 | ||
32e998fd RGS |
7389 | (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end, which |
7390 | are being ignored. | |
808ee47e | 7391 | |
7e1af8bc | 7392 | =item Warning: something's wrong |
5f05dabc | 7393 | |
7394 | (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or | |
ec8bb14c | 7395 | you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty. |
5f05dabc | 7396 | |
f86702cc | 7397 | =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly |
a0d0e21e | 7398 | |
be771a83 GS |
7399 | (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on |
7400 | the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk | |
7401 | space. | |
a0d0e21e | 7402 | |
96d7c888 FC |
7403 | =item Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s |
7404 | ||
7405 | =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s | |
7406 | ||
ab7ca7ed AP |
7407 | (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a filehandle |
7408 | when its reference count reached zero while it was still open, e.g.: | |
cc4d3128 DM |
7409 | |
7410 | { | |
7411 | open my $fh, '>', $file or die "open: '$file': $!\n"; | |
7412 | print $fh $data or die "print: $!"; | |
7413 | } # implicit close here | |
7414 | ||
95032a5b AP |
7415 | Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g. buffering could |
7416 | allow the C<print> in this example to return true even when the disk is full), | |
d4e5761f FC |
7417 | it is dangerous to ignore its result. So when it happens implicitly, perl |
7418 | will signal errors by warning. | |
cc4d3128 | 7419 | |
ab7ca7ed AP |
7420 | B<Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors>, so the common idiom shown |
7421 | above was liable to cause B<silent data loss>. | |
96d7c888 | 7422 | |
5f05dabc | 7423 | =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous |
a0d0e21e | 7424 | |
be771a83 GS |
7425 | (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that |
7426 | looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a | |
7427 | term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand | |
7428 | function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write | |
a0d0e21e LW |
7429 | |
7430 | rand + 5; | |
7431 | ||
7432 | you may THINK you wrote the same thing as | |
7433 | ||
7434 | rand() + 5; | |
7435 | ||
7436 | but in actual fact, you got | |
7437 | ||
7438 | rand(+5); | |
7439 | ||
5f05dabc | 7440 | So put in parentheses to say what you really mean. |
a0d0e21e | 7441 | |
0f539b13 BF |
7442 | =item when is experimental |
7443 | ||
7444 | (S experimental::smartmatch) C<when> depends on smartmatch, which is | |
7445 | experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may | |
7446 | not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or | |
675fa9ff FC |
7447 | even be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation |
7448 | under L<perlsyn/Experimental Details on given and when>. | |
0f539b13 | 7449 | |
4b3603a4 JH |
7450 | =item Wide character in %s |
7451 | ||
c8f79457 | 7452 | (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting |
cd28123a JH |
7453 | one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest |
7454 | way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the | |
7455 | output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the | |
7456 | warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to | |
7457 | cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the | |
7458 | filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>. | |
4b3603a4 | 7459 | |
613abc6d KW |
7460 | =item Wide character (U+%X) in %s |
7461 | ||
7462 | (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (I<i.e.>, a non-UTF-8 | |
7463 | one), a multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this | |
50ea4745 | 7464 | character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining non-UTF-8 |
613abc6d KW |
7465 | locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some characters |
7466 | will have two different representations. For example, in the ISO 8859-7 | |
7467 | (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a Capital Gamma. But so | |
7468 | also does 0x393. This will make string comparisons unreliable. | |
7469 | ||
7470 | You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got mixed up | |
7471 | with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you had a UTF-8 | |
7472 | locale, but Perl disagrees). | |
7473 | ||
49704364 WL |
7474 | =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed |
7475 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
7476 | (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> |
7477 | only if C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that | |
7478 | can be determined from the template alone. This is not possible if | |
7479 | it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign | |
7480 | the template. | |
49704364 | 7481 | |
74d1b2e4 FC |
7482 | =item %s() with negative argument |
7483 | ||
7484 | (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments. | |
7485 | Warning is given and the operation is not done. | |
7486 | ||
9a7dcd9c | 7487 | =item write() on closed filehandle %s |
a0d0e21e | 7488 | |
be771a83 | 7489 | (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 7490 | before now. Check your control flow. |
a0d0e21e | 7491 | |
9ae3ac1a | 7492 | =item %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode |
b4581f09 | 7493 | |
27f95370 FC |
7494 | (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to |
7495 | map everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read | |
7496 | in are not legal in this encoding. For example | |
b4581f09 JH |
7497 | |
7498 | utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode | |
7499 | ||
7500 | if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8. | |
7501 | ||
49704364 | 7502 | =item 'X' outside of string |
a0d0e21e | 7503 | |
49704364 WL |
7504 | (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before |
7505 | the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
a0d0e21e | 7506 | |
49704364 | 7507 | =item 'x' outside of string in unpack |
a0d0e21e LW |
7508 | |
7509 | (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after | |
7510 | the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
7511 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
7512 | =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET! |
7513 | ||
5f05dabc | 7514 | (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the |
a0d0e21e | 7515 | sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip |
1b1f1335 | 7516 | about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around |
496a33f5 | 7517 | your script. |
a0d0e21e LW |
7518 | |
7519 | =item You need to quote "%s" | |
7520 | ||
be771a83 GS |
7521 | (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. |
7522 | Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared, | |
7523 | which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the | |
7524 | assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS | |
7525 | what you want, put an & in front.) | |
a0d0e21e | 7526 | |
6cfd5ea7 JH |
7527 | =item Your random numbers are not that random |
7528 | ||
50a39ba4 | 7529 | (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl could |
6cfd5ea7 JH |
7530 | not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates |
7531 | Something Very Wrong. | |
7532 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 7533 | =item Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
8a5a438d | 7534 | |
f3ba6905 | 7535 | (F) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a zero-length |
8a5a438d | 7536 | sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character class, i.e. |
fe0a3646 KW |
7537 | C<(?[...])>, or under C<use re 'strict'>, which is not permitted. Check |
7538 | that the correct escape has been used, and the correct charnames handler | |
7539 | is in scope. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular | |
7540 | expression the problem was discovered. | |
8a5a438d | 7541 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
7542 | =back |
7543 | ||
00eb3f2b RGS |
7544 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
7545 | ||
44ecbbd8 | 7546 | L<warnings>, L<diagnostics>. |
00eb3f2b | 7547 | |
56e90b21 | 7548 | =cut |