Commit | Line | Data |
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a0d0e21e LW |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | ||
3 | perldiag - various Perl diagnostics | |
4 | ||
5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
6 | ||
7 | These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of | |
8 | desperation): | |
9 | ||
10 | (W) A warning (optional). | |
d1d15184 | 11 | (D) A deprecation (enabled by default). |
00eb3f2b | 12 | (S) A severe warning (enabled by default). |
a0d0e21e LW |
13 | (F) A fatal error (trappable). |
14 | (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable). | |
54310121 | 15 | (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable). |
cb1a09d0 | 16 | (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl). |
a0d0e21e | 17 | |
75b44862 | 18 | The majority of messages from the first three classifications above |
64977eb6 | 19 | (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma. |
e476b1b5 GS |
20 | |
21 | If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning | |
22 | category is included with the classification letter in the description | |
466416ed | 23 | below. E.g. C<(W closed)> means a warning in the C<closed> category. |
e476b1b5 GS |
24 | |
25 | Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w> | |
fa816bf3 | 26 | and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}> |
e476b1b5 GS |
27 | to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead |
28 | of printing it. See L<perlvar>. | |
29 | ||
b7eceb5b | 30 | Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled |
e476b1b5 | 31 | with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch. |
4438c4b7 | 32 | |
748a9306 | 33 | Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See |
4438c4b7 JH |
34 | L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively |
35 | disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma. | |
36 | See L<warnings>. | |
a0d0e21e | 37 | |
6df41af2 GS |
38 | The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or |
39 | lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are | |
40 | denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are | |
41 | ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than | |
42 | letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a | |
43 | letter. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
44 | |
45 | =over 4 | |
46 | ||
6df41af2 | 47 | =item accept() on closed socket %s |
33633739 | 48 | |
be771a83 GS |
49 | (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget |
50 | to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
51 | L<perlfunc/accept>. | |
33633739 | 52 | |
baabe3fb FC |
53 | =item Aliasing via reference is experimental |
54 | ||
55 | (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use | |
56 | a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to | |
57 | alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you | |
58 | want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking | |
59 | the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be | |
60 | removed in a future Perl version: | |
61 | ||
62 | no warnings "experimental::refaliasing"; | |
63 | use feature "refaliasing"; | |
64 | \$x = \$y; | |
65 | ||
de42a5a9 | 66 | =item Allocation too large: %x |
a0d0e21e | 67 | |
6df41af2 | 68 | (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine. |
a0d0e21e | 69 | |
04f74579 | 70 | =item '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s |
ef54e1a4 | 71 | |
1109a392 MHM |
72 | (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only |
73 | after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
ef54e1a4 | 74 | |
74d1b2e4 FC |
75 | =item alpha->numify() is lossy |
76 | ||
77 | (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing | |
78 | information. | |
79 | ||
6df41af2 | 80 | =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use & |
43192e07 | 81 | |
75b44862 | 82 | (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl |
be771a83 GS |
83 | keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling |
84 | one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the | |
85 | subroutine is not imported. | |
43192e07 | 86 | |
6df41af2 GS |
87 | To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand |
88 | before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package. | |
89 | Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's | |
90 | imported with the C<use subs> pragma). | |
43192e07 | 91 | |
6df41af2 | 92 | To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix |
496a33f5 | 93 | on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine |
be771a83 GS |
94 | to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or |
95 | L<attributes>). | |
43192e07 | 96 | |
c2e66d9e GS |
97 | =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator |
98 | ||
99 | (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at | |
100 | all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either | |
101 | first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with | |
102 | C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.) | |
103 | ||
6df41af2 | 104 | =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s |
43192e07 | 105 | |
7c7af292 | 106 | (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the way |
6df41af2 GS |
107 | you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying |
108 | a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration. | |
a0d0e21e | 109 | |
591f5ca2 FC |
110 | =item Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s() |
111 | ||
112 | (S ambiguous) You wrote something like C<-foo>, which might be the | |
113 | string C<"-foo">, or a call to the function C<foo>, negated. If you meant | |
114 | the string, just write C<"-foo">. If you meant the function call, | |
115 | write C<-foo()>. | |
116 | ||
d8225693 JM |
117 | =item Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c |
118 | ||
7c7af292 | 119 | (S ambiguous) C<%>, C<&>, and C<*> are both infix operators (modulus, |
3303f755 FC |
120 | bitwise and, and multiplication) I<and> initial special characters |
121 | (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said something | |
122 | like C<*foo * foo> that might be interpreted as either of them. We | |
123 | assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to make it more | |
124 | clear -- in the example given, you might write C<*foo * foo()> if you | |
125 | really meant to multiply a glob by the result of calling a function. | |
d8225693 | 126 | |
1ef43bca JM |
127 | =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s |
128 | ||
129 | (W ambiguous) You wrote something like C<@{foo}>, which might be | |
130 | asking for the variable C<@foo>, or it might be calling a function | |
131 | named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you wanted | |
1cecf2c0 | 132 | the variable, you can just write C<@foo>. If you wanted to call the |
1ef43bca JM |
133 | function, write C<@{foo()}> ... or you could just not have a variable |
134 | and a function with the same name, and save yourself a lot of trouble. | |
135 | ||
e850844c FC |
136 | =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...] |
137 | ||
138 | =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...} | |
4da60377 | 139 | |
fa816bf3 FC |
140 | (W ambiguous) You wrote something like C<${foo[2]}> (where foo represents |
141 | the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for element number | |
142 | 2 of the array named C<@foo>, in which case please write C<$foo[2]>, or you | |
143 | might have meant to pass an anonymous arrayref to the function named | |
144 | foo, and then do a scalar deref on the value it returns. If you meant | |
145 | that, write C<${foo([2])}>. | |
ccaaf480 FC |
146 | |
147 | In regular expressions, the C<${foo[2]}> syntax is sometimes necessary | |
148 | to disambiguate between array subscripts and character classes. | |
fa816bf3 FC |
149 | C</$length[2345]/>, for instance, will be interpreted as C<$length> followed |
150 | by the character class C<[2345]>. If an array subscript is what you | |
151 | want, you can avoid the warning by changing C</${length[2345]}/> to the | |
152 | unsightly C</${\$length[2345]}/>, by renaming your array to something | |
153 | that does not coincide with a built-in keyword, or by simply turning | |
154 | off warnings with C<no warnings 'ambiguous';>. | |
4da60377 | 155 | |
6df41af2 | 156 | =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line |
a0d0e21e | 157 | |
be771a83 GS |
158 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
159 | redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to | |
160 | redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please. | |
c9f97d15 | 161 | |
6df41af2 | 162 | =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line |
1028017a | 163 | |
be771a83 GS |
164 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
165 | redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and | |
166 | into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other, | |
167 | though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script | |
168 | which 'splits' output into two streams, such as | |
1028017a | 169 | |
6df41af2 GS |
170 | open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!"; |
171 | while (<STDIN>) { | |
172 | print; | |
173 | print OUT; | |
174 | } | |
175 | close OUT; | |
c9f97d15 | 176 | |
6df41af2 | 177 | =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s) |
eb6e2d6f | 178 | |
496a33f5 SC |
179 | (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and |
180 | transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply | |
be771a83 | 181 | one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to |
ac036724 | 182 | a scalar value (the length of an array, or the population info of a |
183 | hash) and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what | |
be771a83 GS |
184 | you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for |
185 | alternatives. | |
eb6e2d6f | 186 | |
6df41af2 | 187 | =item Arg too short for msgsnd |
76cd736e | 188 | |
6df41af2 | 189 | (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long). |
76cd736e | 190 | |
f86702cc | 191 | =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s |
a0d0e21e | 192 | |
be771a83 GS |
193 | (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator |
194 | that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message | |
195 | will identify which operator was so unfortunate. | |
a0d0e21e | 196 | |
98a44ad2 JH |
197 | Note that for the C<Inf> and C<NaN> (infinity and not-a-number) the |
198 | definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves | |
199 | (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is | |
200 | considered non-numeric. | |
201 | ||
b4581f09 JH |
202 | =item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s" |
203 | ||
a534ac11 FC |
204 | (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O |
205 | system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers | |
206 | take care of transforming data between external and internal | |
207 | representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this | |
208 | point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program | |
209 | didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the | |
210 | result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO. | |
b4581f09 | 211 | |
3f7602fa TC |
212 | =item Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++) |
213 | ||
214 | (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the C<++> | |
215 | operator which expects either a number or a string matching | |
216 | C</^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/>. See L<perlop/Auto-increment and | |
217 | Auto-decrement> for details. | |
218 | ||
637494ac | 219 | =item Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s |
3c3c69d8 TC |
220 | |
221 | (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be | |
222 | coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array. | |
223 | ||
b913d0b8 FC |
224 | =item A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%' |
225 | ||
226 | (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with a valid | |
227 | sigil; for example: | |
228 | ||
229 | sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {} | |
230 | ||
231 | =item A slurpy parameter may not have a default value | |
232 | ||
233 | (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default value; | |
234 | for example: | |
235 | ||
236 | sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal | |
237 | sub foo (@a = (1)) {} # invalid | |
238 | sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid | |
239 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
240 | =item assertion botched: %s |
241 | ||
21b5e840 | 242 | (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure. |
a0d0e21e | 243 | |
0eacef8e | 244 | =item Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d |
a0d0e21e | 245 | |
21b5e840 | 246 | (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined. |
a0d0e21e | 247 | |
1f8155a2 FC |
248 | =item Assigned value is not a reference |
249 | ||
250 | (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an lvalue | |
251 | reference (e.g., C<\$x = $y>). If you meant to make $x an alias to $y, use | |
252 | C<\$x = \$y>. | |
253 | ||
254 | =item Assigned value is not %s reference | |
255 | ||
baabe3fb FC |
256 | (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but the |
257 | two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a scalar to | |
258 | an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must match. | |
1f8155a2 FC |
259 | |
260 | \$x = \@y; # error | |
261 | \@x = \%y; # error | |
262 | $y = []; | |
263 | \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y? | |
264 | ||
82122228 FC |
265 | =item Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible |
266 | ||
7d345e3d FC |
267 | (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., under C<use v5.16;>) |
268 | the special variable C<$[>, which is deprecated, is now a fixed zero value. | |
82122228 | 269 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
270 | =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar |
271 | ||
272 | (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments | |
273 | must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't | |
274 | know which context to supply to the right side. | |
275 | ||
46d34d0e KW |
276 | =item Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
277 | ||
278 | (W regexp) You had something like these: | |
279 | ||
280 | [[:alnum]] | |
281 | [[:digit:xyz] | |
282 | ||
283 | They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes | |
284 | C<[:alnum:]> or C<[:digit:]>. If so, they should be written: | |
285 | ||
286 | [[:alnum:]] | |
287 | [[:digit:]xyz] | |
288 | ||
289 | Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal | |
290 | bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter. In the | |
291 | first example, it matches the characters C<":">, C<"[">, C<"a">, C<"l">, | |
292 | C<"m">, C<"n">, and C<"u">. | |
293 | ||
294 | If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is | |
295 | spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as | |
296 | ||
297 | [[al:num]] | |
298 | ||
299 | or | |
300 | ||
301 | [[:munla]] | |
302 | ||
f51551f7 FC |
303 | =item <> at require-statement should be quotes |
304 | ||
305 | (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written | |
306 | C<require 'file'>. | |
307 | ||
2393f1b9 | 308 | =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash |
1b1f1335 | 309 | |
49293501 | 310 | (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in |
2393f1b9 | 311 | the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash. |
49293501 | 312 | |
dcdfe746 FC |
313 | =item Attempt to bless into a freed package |
314 | ||
315 | (F) You wrote C<bless $foo> with one argument after somehow causing | |
316 | the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to | |
317 | do, so it throws up in hands in despair. | |
318 | ||
81689caa HS |
319 | =item Attempt to bless into a reference |
320 | ||
321 | (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be | |
57dedab9 | 322 | the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've |
81689caa HS |
323 | supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote |
324 | ||
325 | bless $self, $proto; | |
326 | ||
327 | when you intended | |
328 | ||
329 | bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto; | |
330 | ||
331 | If you actually want to bless into the stringified version | |
332 | of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for | |
333 | example by: | |
334 | ||
335 | bless $self, "$proto"; | |
336 | ||
a730510a FC |
337 | =item Attempt to clear deleted array |
338 | ||
339 | (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed. | |
340 | Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This | |
341 | can also happen if XS code calls C<av_clear> from a custom magic | |
342 | callback on the array. | |
343 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
344 | =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash |
345 | ||
346 | (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key | |
347 | which is not in its key set. | |
348 | ||
349 | =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash | |
350 | ||
351 | (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been | |
352 | declared readonly from a restricted hash. | |
353 | ||
de42a5a9 | 354 | =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x |
a0d0e21e | 355 | |
f84fe999 | 356 | (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas |
be771a83 GS |
357 | that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be |
358 | outside any of those arenas. | |
a0d0e21e | 359 | |
12578ffb | 360 | =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s |
bbce6d69 | 361 | |
f84fe999 | 362 | (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of |
be771a83 GS |
363 | strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other |
364 | strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count | |
365 | of a string that can no longer be found in the table. | |
bbce6d69 | 366 | |
7d5b40b4 | 367 | =item Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x |
a0d0e21e | 368 | |
f84fe999 | 369 | (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the |
be771a83 GS |
370 | free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the |
371 | SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the | |
372 | free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does | |
373 | try to free it. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
374 | |
375 | =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers | |
376 | ||
f84fe999 | 377 | (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases. |
a0d0e21e | 378 | |
7d5b40b4 | 379 | =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x |
a0d0e21e | 380 | |
8f7e4d2c | 381 | (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to |
be771a83 GS |
382 | see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 |
383 | earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. | |
384 | This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or | |
385 | that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was | |
386 | mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been | |
387 | corrupted. | |
a0d0e21e | 388 | |
84902520 TB |
389 | =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value |
390 | ||
be771a83 GS |
391 | (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a |
392 | function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This | |
393 | means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become | |
394 | invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use | |
395 | literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to | |
396 | avoid this warning. | |
84902520 | 397 | |
087b5369 RD |
398 | =item Attempt to reload %s aborted. |
399 | ||
400 | (F) You tried to load a file with C<use> or C<require> that failed to | |
401 | compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again | |
402 | unless you delete its entry from %INC. See L<perlfunc/require> and | |
403 | L<perlvar/%INC>. | |
404 | ||
1b20cd17 NC |
405 | =item Attempt to set length of freed array |
406 | ||
0c5c527f FC |
407 | (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has |
408 | been freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the | |
409 | scalar representing the last index of an array and later | |
410 | assigning through that reference. For example | |
1b20cd17 NC |
411 | |
412 | $r = do {my @a; \$#a}; | |
413 | $$r = 503 | |
414 | ||
b7a902f4 | 415 | =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr |
416 | ||
be771a83 GS |
417 | (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() |
418 | used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to | |
419 | dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>. | |
b7a902f4 | 420 | |
c9680906 | 421 | =item Attribute "locked" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28 |
c32124fe | 422 | |
57dedab9 FC |
423 | (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragma to modify the |
424 | "locked" attribute on a code reference. The :locked attribute is | |
425 | obsolete, has had no effect since 5005 threads were removed, and | |
c9680906 | 426 | will be removed in a Perl 5.28. |
c32124fe | 427 | |
591f5ca2 FC |
428 | =item Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same sub |
429 | ||
430 | (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) : prototype(B) {}, for | |
431 | example. Since each sub can only have one prototype, the earlier | |
432 | declaration(s) are discarded while the last one is applied. | |
433 | ||
c9680906 | 434 | =item Attribute "unique" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28 |
f1a3ce43 | 435 | |
57dedab9 FC |
436 | (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragma to modify |
437 | the "unique" attribute on an array, hash or scalar reference. | |
438 | The :unique attribute has had no effect since Perl 5.8.8, and | |
c9680906 | 439 | will be removed in a Perl 5.28. |
f1a3ce43 | 440 | |
ccce04a4 FC |
441 | =item av_reify called on tied array |
442 | ||
443 | (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got I<very> | |
444 | confused about C<@_> or C<@DB::args> being tied. | |
445 | ||
de42a5a9 | 446 | =item Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d |
a0d0e21e | 447 | |
be771a83 GS |
448 | (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl() |
449 | or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively, | |
5f05dabc | 450 | S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and |
a0d0e21e LW |
451 | S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>. |
452 | ||
7a95317d GS |
453 | =item Bad evalled substitution pattern |
454 | ||
496a33f5 | 455 | (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a |
7a95317d GS |
456 | substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate, |
457 | most likely an unexpected right brace '}'. | |
458 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
459 | =item Bad filehandle: %s |
460 | ||
be771a83 GS |
461 | (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the |
462 | symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an | |
463 | open(), or did it in another package. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
464 | |
465 | =item Bad free() ignored | |
466 | ||
be771a83 | 467 | (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never |
fa816bf3 | 468 | been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by |
9ea8bc6d | 469 | setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0. |
33c8a3fe | 470 | |
9ea8bc6d | 471 | This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard" |
6903afa2 | 472 | dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB> |
be771a83 | 473 | which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc(). |
a0d0e21e | 474 | |
aa689395 | 475 | =item Bad hash |
476 | ||
477 | (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer. | |
478 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
479 | =item Badly placed ()'s |
480 | ||
481 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead | |
482 | of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into | |
483 | Perl yourself. | |
484 | ||
a7cb8dae | 485 | =item Bad name after %s |
a0d0e21e | 486 | |
be771a83 GS |
487 | (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then |
488 | didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside | |
489 | of quotes, so | |
a0d0e21e LW |
490 | |
491 | $var = 'myvar'; | |
492 | $sym = mypack::$var; | |
493 | ||
494 | is not the same as | |
495 | ||
496 | $var = 'myvar'; | |
497 | $sym = "mypack::$var"; | |
498 | ||
88e1f1a2 JV |
499 | =item Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s' |
500 | ||
501 | (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the | |
502 | plugin API. | |
503 | ||
4ad56ec9 IZ |
504 | =item Bad realloc() ignored |
505 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
506 | (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that |
507 | had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can | |
508 | be disabled by setting the environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1. | |
4ad56ec9 | 509 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
510 | =item Bad symbol for array |
511 | ||
512 | (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that | |
513 | wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
514 | ||
4df3f177 SP |
515 | =item Bad symbol for dirhandle |
516 | ||
517 | (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something | |
518 | that wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
519 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
520 | =item Bad symbol for filehandle |
521 | ||
be771a83 GS |
522 | (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something |
523 | that wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
524 | |
525 | =item Bad symbol for hash | |
526 | ||
527 | (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that | |
528 | wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
529 | ||
e6d55c99 FC |
530 | =item Bad symbol for scalar |
531 | ||
532 | (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something that | |
533 | wasn't a symbol table entry. | |
534 | ||
34d09196 GS |
535 | =item Bareword found in conditional |
536 | ||
be771a83 GS |
537 | (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a |
538 | conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part | |
539 | of the last argument of the previous construct, for example: | |
34d09196 GS |
540 | |
541 | open FOO || die; | |
542 | ||
be771a83 GS |
543 | It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as |
544 | a bareword: | |
34d09196 GS |
545 | |
546 | use constant TYPO => 1; | |
547 | if (TYOP) { print "foo" } | |
548 | ||
549 | The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors. | |
550 | ||
a52f2cce NC |
551 | =item Bareword in require contains "%s" |
552 | ||
a52f2cce NC |
553 | =item Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s" |
554 | ||
09eb1f39 | 555 | =item Bareword in require maps to empty filename |
5bad2b39 | 556 | |
a52f2cce | 557 | (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename which could |
d4e5761f | 558 | not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted by the parser. You |
a52f2cce NC |
559 | shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl code, but XS code may throw it |
560 | if it passes an invalid module name to C<Perl_load_module>. | |
561 | ||
5bad2b39 DM |
562 | =item Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s" |
563 | ||
564 | (F) In C<require Bare::Word>, the bareword is not allowed to start with a | |
d4e5761f | 565 | double-colon. Write C<require ::Foo::Bar> as C<require Foo::Bar> instead. |
5bad2b39 | 566 | |
6df41af2 GS |
567 | =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use |
568 | ||
569 | (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a | |
be771a83 GS |
570 | subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>" |
571 | symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine? | |
6df41af2 GS |
572 | |
573 | =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package | |
574 | ||
be771a83 GS |
575 | (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the |
576 | compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps | |
577 | you need to predeclare a package? | |
6df41af2 | 578 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
579 | =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted |
580 | ||
be771a83 GS |
581 | (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN |
582 | subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is | |
583 | exited. | |
a0d0e21e | 584 | |
68dc0745 | 585 | =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted |
586 | ||
587 | (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which | |
be771a83 GS |
588 | implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already |
589 | occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not | |
590 | be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely | |
591 | depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up. | |
68dc0745 | 592 | |
c782d7ee | 593 | =item \%d better written as $%d |
6df41af2 | 594 | |
be771a83 GS |
595 | (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. |
596 | The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a | |
597 | substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form | |
598 | because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if | |
599 | there are more than 9 backreferences. | |
6df41af2 | 600 | |
252aa082 JH |
601 | =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable |
602 | ||
e476b1b5 | 603 | (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 |
9e24b6e2 JH |
604 | (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See |
605 | L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. | |
252aa082 | 606 | |
69282e91 | 607 | =item bind() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 608 | |
be771a83 GS |
609 | (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to |
610 | check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>. | |
a0d0e21e | 611 | |
c289d2f7 JH |
612 | =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s |
613 | ||
614 | (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened. | |
4dcecea4 | 615 | Check your control flow and number of arguments. |
c289d2f7 | 616 | |
c5a0f51a JH |
617 | =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable |
618 | ||
e476b1b5 | 619 | (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable. |
c5a0f51a | 620 | |
043c750c | 621 | =item Bizarre copy of %s |
4633a7c4 | 622 | |
be771a83 | 623 | (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not |
ab830aa0 | 624 | copiable. |
4633a7c4 | 625 | |
5a25739d FC |
626 | =item Bizarre SvTYPE [%d] |
627 | ||
434f489b | 628 | (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread, Perl |
5a25739d FC |
629 | encountered an invalid data type. |
630 | ||
b927b7e9 | 631 | =item Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by |
6e8a73f2 | 632 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b927b7e9 KW |
633 | |
634 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>> or within C<(?[...])>) | |
635 | ||
636 | In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you | |
637 | had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using C<\N{}>, and | |
638 | the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism. Perl treats | |
639 | the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the characters in it are | |
640 | considered to be the Unicode characters, and which may be different code | |
641 | points on some platforms Perl runs on. For example, C<[\N{U+06}-\x08]> | |
642 | is treated as if you had instead said C<[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]>, that is it | |
643 | matches the characters whose code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8. | |
644 | But that C<\x08> might indicate that you meant something different, so | |
645 | the warning gets raised. | |
646 | ||
f675dbe5 CB |
647 | =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s |
648 | ||
be771a83 GS |
649 | (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to |
650 | iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition | |
651 | which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown. | |
f675dbe5 | 652 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
653 | =item Callback called exit |
654 | ||
4929bf7b | 655 | (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv() |
a0d0e21e LW |
656 | exited by calling exit. |
657 | ||
6df41af2 | 658 | =item %s() called too early to check prototype |
f675dbe5 | 659 | |
be771a83 GS |
660 | (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the |
661 | parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check | |
662 | that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an | |
663 | early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the | |
664 | subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype | |
665 | checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the | |
666 | function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid | |
667 | the warning. See L<perlsub>. | |
f675dbe5 | 668 | |
0c7df902 JH |
669 | =item Cannot chr %f |
670 | ||
671 | (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number) to C<chr>. | |
672 | ||
5dee29d4 | 673 | =item Cannot compress %f in pack |
0c7df902 | 674 | |
5dee29d4 JH |
675 | (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an unsigned |
676 | integer with BER, which makes no sense. | |
0c7df902 | 677 | |
49704364 | 678 | =item Cannot compress integer in pack |
0258719b | 679 | |
717feafc JH |
680 | (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. |
681 | The BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive | |
682 | integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (> 1e308). | |
683 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
0258719b | 684 | |
49704364 | 685 | =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack |
0258719b NC |
686 | |
687 | (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer | |
688 | format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
689 | ||
5c1f4d79 NC |
690 | =item Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob |
691 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
692 | (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference |
693 | in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax. | |
694 | The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is | |
695 | no legal conversion from that type of reference to a typeglob. | |
5c1f4d79 | 696 | |
4040665a | 697 | =item Cannot copy to %s |
ba2fdce6 NC |
698 | |
699 | (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot | |
4dcecea4 | 700 | be directly assigned to. |
ba2fdce6 | 701 | |
b5d97229 RGS |
702 | =item Cannot find encoding "%s" |
703 | ||
704 | (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a filehandle, | |
705 | either with open() or binmode(). | |
706 | ||
0c7df902 JH |
707 | =item Cannot pack %f with '%c' |
708 | ||
5dee29d4 | 709 | (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer, |
0c7df902 JH |
710 | which makes no sense. |
711 | ||
712 | =item Cannot printf %f with '%c' | |
713 | ||
714 | (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character (%c), | |
715 | which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just stringifying it? | |
716 | ||
7355df7e FC |
717 | =item Cannot set tied @DB::args |
718 | ||
719 | (F) C<caller> tried to set C<@DB::args>, but found it tied. Tying C<@DB::args> | |
720 | is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used to crash.) | |
721 | ||
ce65bc73 FC |
722 | =item Cannot tie unreifiable array |
723 | ||
724 | (P) You somehow managed to call C<tie> on an array that does not | |
725 | keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to | |
726 | do so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to | |
727 | Perl code, but are only used internally. | |
728 | ||
46e58bd2 AC |
729 | =item Cannot yet reorder sv_catpvfn() arguments from va_list |
730 | ||
731 | (F) Some XS code tried to use C<sv_catpvfn()> or a related function with a | |
732 | format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of the elements, and | |
d4e5761f FC |
733 | using a C-style variable-argument list (a C<va_list>). This is not currently |
734 | supported. XS authors wanting to do this must instead construct a C array | |
735 | of C<SV*> scalars containing the arguments. | |
46e58bd2 | 736 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
737 | =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack |
738 | ||
739 | (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed | |
740 | integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted | |
741 | to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
742 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
743 | =item Can't bless non-reference value |
744 | ||
745 | (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces" | |
746 | encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>. | |
747 | ||
dc57907a RGS |
748 | =item Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer |
749 | ||
0d863452 | 750 | (F) You called C<break>, but you're in a C<foreach> block rather than |
6903afa2 | 751 | a C<given> block. You probably meant to use C<next> or C<last>. |
0d863452 RH |
752 | |
753 | =item Can't "break" outside a given block | |
dc57907a | 754 | |
0d863452 RH |
755 | (F) You called C<break>, but you're not inside a C<given> block. |
756 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
757 | =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value |
758 | ||
759 | (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the | |
be771a83 GS |
760 | object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something |
761 | like this will reproduce the error: | |
6df41af2 GS |
762 | |
763 | $BADREF = undef; | |
764 | process $BADREF 1,2,3; | |
765 | $BADREF->process(1,2,3); | |
766 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
767 | =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference |
768 | ||
54310121 | 769 | (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It |
be771a83 GS |
770 | ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you |
771 | didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an | |
772 | object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
773 | |
774 | =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference | |
775 | ||
776 | (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the | |
be771a83 GS |
777 | object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a |
778 | defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name. | |
72b5445b GS |
779 | Something like this will reproduce the error: |
780 | ||
781 | $BADREF = 42; | |
782 | process $BADREF 1,2,3; | |
783 | $BADREF->process(1,2,3); | |
784 | ||
dfe378f1 FC |
785 | =item Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table |
786 | ||
787 | (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a | |
788 | symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches. | |
789 | ||
2bf7e7b2 FC |
790 | =item Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table |
791 | ||
792 | (F) An XS module tried to call C<mro_method_changed_in> on a hash that was | |
793 | not attached to the symbol table. | |
794 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
795 | =item Can't chdir to %s |
796 | ||
f703fc96 | 797 | (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but F</foo/bar> is not a directory |
a0d0e21e LW |
798 | that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist. |
799 | ||
0545a864 | 800 | =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid |
104d25b7 | 801 | |
be771a83 GS |
802 | (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for |
803 | nosuid. | |
104d25b7 | 804 | |
22e74366 | 805 | =item Can't coerce %s to %s in %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
806 | |
807 | (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries | |
55497cff | 808 | (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't |
a0d0e21e LW |
809 | say things like: |
810 | ||
811 | *foo += 1; | |
812 | ||
813 | You CAN say | |
814 | ||
815 | $foo = *foo; | |
816 | $foo += 1; | |
817 | ||
818 | but then $foo no longer contains a glob. | |
819 | ||
0d863452 | 820 | =item Can't "continue" outside a when block |
dc57907a | 821 | |
0d863452 RH |
822 | (F) You called C<continue>, but you're not inside a C<when> |
823 | or C<default> block. | |
824 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
825 | =item Can't create pipe mailbox |
826 | ||
be771a83 GS |
827 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted |
828 | quotas or other plumbing problems. | |
a0d0e21e | 829 | |
eb64745e GS |
830 | =item Can't declare %s in "%s" |
831 | ||
30c282f6 NC |
832 | (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my", "our" or |
833 | "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names. | |
a0d0e21e | 834 | |
fc7debfb FC |
835 | =item Can't "default" outside a topicalizer |
836 | ||
837 | (F) You have used a C<default> block that is neither inside a | |
838 | C<foreach> loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is | |
839 | issued on exit from the C<default> block, so you won't get the | |
840 | error if you use an explicit C<continue>.) | |
841 | ||
a2162cd9 FC |
842 | =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file |
843 | ||
844 | (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as | |
845 | a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was ignored. | |
846 | ||
847 | =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s | |
848 | ||
849 | (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated | |
850 | reason. | |
851 | ||
852 | =item Can't do inplace edit without backup | |
853 | ||
854 | (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try | |
855 | reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say | |
856 | C<-i.bak>, or some such. | |
857 | ||
858 | =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique | |
859 | ||
860 | (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14 | |
861 | characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during | |
862 | inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored. | |
863 | ||
ab0b796c KW |
864 | =item Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s". |
865 | ||
866 | (W locale) You are 1) running under "C<use locale>"; 2) the current | |
867 | locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-change | |
868 | operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the result of this | |
869 | operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which likely conflict. | |
870 | Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so the operation was not | |
871 | done; instead the result is the indicated value, which is the best | |
872 | available that uses entirely Unicode rules. That turns out to almost | |
873 | always be the original character, unchanged. | |
874 | ||
875 | It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode, and | |
876 | this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised when | |
877 | Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this operation to | |
878 | contain a character that is in the range specified by the locale, | |
879 | 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not Unicode's. | |
880 | ||
881 | If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to things | |
882 | like its numeric and time formatting (and not C<LC_CTYPE>), consider | |
883 | using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see L<perllocale/The "use | |
884 | locale" pragma>) like "S<C<use locale ':not_characters'>>". | |
885 | ||
886 | Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of | |
887 | case-insensitive C</i> regular expression matching will show up in this | |
888 | warning as having the C<fc> operation (as that is what the regular | |
889 | expression engine calls behind the scenes.) | |
890 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
891 | =item Can't do waitpid with flags |
892 | ||
be771a83 GS |
893 | (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only |
894 | waitpid() without flags is emulated. | |
a0d0e21e | 895 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
896 | =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line |
897 | ||
be771a83 GS |
898 | (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this |
899 | point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #! | |
900 | line. | |
a0d0e21e | 901 | |
1109a392 MHM |
902 | =item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform |
903 | ||
904 | (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian, | |
905 | or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or | |
906 | little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible. | |
907 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
908 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
909 | =item Can't exec "%s": %s |
910 | ||
d1be9408 | 911 | (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the |
be771a83 GS |
912 | named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the |
913 | permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in | |
914 | C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another | |
915 | architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that | |
916 | can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support | |
917 | #! at all.) | |
a0d0e21e LW |
918 | |
919 | =item Can't exec %s | |
920 | ||
be771a83 GS |
921 | (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because |
922 | that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may | |
923 | need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
924 | |
925 | =item Can't execute %s | |
926 | ||
be771a83 GS |
927 | (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute |
928 | found in the PATH did not have correct permissions. | |
2a92aaa0 | 929 | |
6df41af2 | 930 | =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s" |
2a92aaa0 | 931 | |
be771a83 GS |
932 | (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there |
933 | is no builtin with the name C<word>. | |
6df41af2 GS |
934 | |
935 | =item Can't find label %s | |
936 | ||
be771a83 GS |
937 | (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's |
938 | possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
2a92aaa0 GS |
939 | |
940 | =item Can't find %s on PATH | |
941 | ||
be771a83 GS |
942 | (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be |
943 | found in the PATH. | |
a0d0e21e | 944 | |
6df41af2 | 945 | =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH |
a0d0e21e | 946 | |
be771a83 GS |
947 | (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be |
948 | found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The | |
949 | script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
950 | |
951 | =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF | |
952 | ||
be771a83 GS |
953 | (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means |
954 | that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count | |
955 | nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis: | |
a0d0e21e | 956 | |
fb73857a | 957 | print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.); |
958 | ||
97b3d10f | 959 | If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have |
b6b8cb97 FC |
960 | included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or there |
961 | may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor will have | |
962 | a way to help you find these characters (or lack of characters). See | |
963 | L<perlop> for the full details on here-documents. | |
a0d0e21e | 964 | |
660a4616 TS |
965 | =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" |
966 | ||
29f52644 KW |
967 | =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ |
968 | ||
969 | (F) The named property which you specified via C<\p> or C<\P> is not one | |
970 | known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See | |
e1b711da | 971 | L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}> |
29f52644 KW |
972 | for a complete list of available official |
973 | properties. If it is a | |
974 | L<user-defined property|perlunicode/User-Defined Character Properties> | |
975 | it must have been defined by the time the regular expression is | |
976 | matched. | |
977 | ||
978 | If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either | |
979 | by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, or | |
5f8ad6b6 | 980 | until C<\E>). |
660a4616 | 981 | |
b3647a36 | 982 | =item Can't fork: %s |
a0d0e21e | 983 | |
be771a83 GS |
984 | (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a |
985 | pipeline. | |
a0d0e21e | 986 | |
b3647a36 SR |
987 | =item Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds |
988 | ||
c973c02e | 989 | (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be retried |
b3647a36 SR |
990 | after five seconds. |
991 | ||
748a9306 LW |
992 | =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer? |
993 | ||
be771a83 GS |
994 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference |
995 | between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes. | |
996 | Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in | |
997 | the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into | |
998 | account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all | |
999 | the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to | |
2fe2bdfd | 1000 | the access-checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using |
be771a83 GS |
1001 | the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only |
1002 | if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, | |
1003 | because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning | |
2fe2bdfd FC |
1004 | appears, the name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up |
1005 | and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-checking | |
be771a83 GS |
1006 | routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you |
1007 | shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises | |
1008 | only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.) | |
748a9306 | 1009 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1010 | =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name |
1011 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1012 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a |
1013 | pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1014 | |
1015 | =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF | |
1016 | ||
748a9306 LW |
1017 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your |
1018 | mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer. | |
a0d0e21e | 1019 | |
6df41af2 | 1020 | =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop |
a0d0e21e | 1021 | |
be771a83 GS |
1022 | (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach |
1023 | loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
6df41af2 GS |
1024 | |
1025 | =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block | |
1026 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1027 | (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like |
1028 | a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if | |
1029 | you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no. | |
1030 | See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
a0d0e21e | 1031 | |
5a25739d FC |
1032 | =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s |
1033 | ||
1034 | (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval | |
1035 | "string" or block. | |
1036 | ||
9850bf21 | 1037 | =item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback) |
cd299c6e | 1038 | |
9850bf21 RH |
1039 | (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the |
1040 | comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such | |
1041 | as the reduce() function in List::Util). | |
1042 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1043 | =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine |
1044 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1045 | (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one |
1046 | subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole | |
1047 | cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD | |
1048 | routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
6df41af2 | 1049 | |
0b5b802d GS |
1050 | =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default |
1051 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1052 | (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD |
1053 | signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this | |
1054 | signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child | |
1055 | processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This | |
1056 | situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl | |
1057 | may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless. | |
0b5b802d | 1058 | |
e2c0f81f DG |
1059 | =item Can't kill a non-numeric process ID |
1060 | ||
1061 | (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal error to | |
1062 | attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise non-numeric | |
1063 | process identifier. | |
1064 | ||
6df41af2 | 1065 | =item Can't "last" outside a loop block |
4633a7c4 | 1066 | |
6df41af2 | 1067 | (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block, |
be771a83 GS |
1068 | except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current |
1069 | block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish" | |
1070 | block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can | |
1071 | usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the | |
1072 | inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See | |
1073 | L<perlfunc/last>. | |
4633a7c4 | 1074 | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
1075 | =item Can't linearize anonymous symbol table |
1076 | ||
1077 | (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a | |
1078 | package, but failed because the package stash has no name. | |
1079 | ||
b8170e59 JB |
1080 | =item Can't load '%s' for module %s |
1081 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
1082 | (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. |
1083 | This may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one | |
1084 | that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known | |
1085 | to happen between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your | |
1086 | dynamic extension was built against an older version of the library | |
1087 | that is installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old | |
1088 | dynamic extensions. | |
b8170e59 | 1089 | |
748a9306 LW |
1090 | =item Can't localize lexical variable %s |
1091 | ||
2ba9eb46 | 1092 | (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a |
b7e4ecc1 FC |
1093 | lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed. If you |
1094 | want to localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with | |
1095 | the package name. | |
748a9306 | 1096 | |
6df41af2 | 1097 | =item Can't localize through a reference |
4727527e | 1098 | |
6df41af2 GS |
1099 | (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently |
1100 | handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref | |
be771a83 | 1101 | pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure |
64977eb6 | 1102 | that $ref will still be a reference. |
4727527e | 1103 | |
ea071790 | 1104 | =item Can't locate %s |
ec889f3a | 1105 | |
fa816bf3 FC |
1106 | (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be found. |
1107 | Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC, unless | |
1108 | the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you need | |
1109 | to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where the | |
1110 | extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name | |
be771a83 GS |
1111 | to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See |
1112 | L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>. | |
a0d0e21e | 1113 | |
6df41af2 GS |
1114 | =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC |
1115 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1116 | (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows |
1117 | autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes | |
1118 | are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> | |
1119 | the file, say, by doing C<make install>. | |
6df41af2 | 1120 | |
b8170e59 JB |
1121 | =item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC |
1122 | ||
1123 | (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like | |
d70d8e57 | 1124 | for example, F<foo.so> or F<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was |
b8170e59 JB |
1125 | unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>. |
1126 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1127 | =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" |
1128 | ||
1129 | (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package | |
1130 | functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular | |
2ba9eb46 | 1131 | method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>. |
a0d0e21e | 1132 | |
8af56b9d FC |
1133 | =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot |
1134 | to load "%s"?) | |
1135 | ||
1136 | (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the method | |
1137 | could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a method | |
1138 | requires a package that has not been loaded. | |
1139 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1140 | =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA |
1141 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1142 | (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that |
1143 | doesn't seem to exist. | |
a0d0e21e | 1144 | |
2f7da168 RK |
1145 | =item Can't locate PerlIO%s |
1146 | ||
1147 | (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist, | |
1148 | e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile"). | |
1149 | ||
f4ad53f4 | 1150 | =item Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system |
3e3baf6d | 1151 | |
be771a83 GS |
1152 | (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably |
1153 | VMS. | |
3e3baf6d | 1154 | |
cd40cd58 NC |
1155 | =item Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s |
1156 | ||
ff9c1ae8 | 1157 | (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to request |
cd40cd58 NC |
1158 | that symbols from the stated file are made available globally within the |
1159 | process, but that functionality is not available on this platform. Whilst | |
1160 | the module likely will still work, this may prevent the perl interpreter | |
1161 | from loading other XS-based extensions which need to link directly to | |
1162 | functions defined in the C or XS code in the stated file. | |
1163 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1164 | =item Can't modify %s in %s |
1165 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1166 | (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try |
1167 | to change it, such as with an auto-increment. | |
a0d0e21e | 1168 | |
54310121 | 1169 | =item Can't modify nonexistent substring |
a0d0e21e LW |
1170 | |
1171 | (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed | |
1172 | a NULL. | |
1173 | ||
0f948285 | 1174 | =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s |
6df41af2 GS |
1175 | |
1176 | (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as | |
2fe2bdfd | 1177 | such. See L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">. |
6df41af2 | 1178 | |
cf6e1fa1 FC |
1179 | =item Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment |
1180 | ||
1181 | (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument to a | |
1182 | reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment, and what | |
1183 | you used was not one of them. See L<perlref/Assigning to References>. | |
1184 | ||
1185 | =item Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list | |
1186 | assignment | |
1187 | ||
1188 | (F) Assigning to C<\local(@array)> or C<\(local @array)> is not supported, as | |
1189 | it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you meant to make @array | |
1190 | refer to some other array, use C<\@array = \@other_array>. If you want to | |
1191 | make the elements of @array aliases of the scalars referenced on the | |
1192 | right-hand side, use C<\(@array) = @scalar_refs>. | |
1193 | ||
1194 | =item Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment | |
1195 | ||
1196 | (F) Assigning to C<\(%hash)> is not supported. If you meant to make %hash | |
1197 | refer to some other hash, use C<\%hash = \%other_hash>. If you want to | |
1198 | make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars referenced on the | |
1199 | right-hand side, use a hash slice: C<\@hash{@keys} = @those_scalar_refs>. | |
1200 | ||
5f05dabc | 1201 | =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var |
a0d0e21e | 1202 | |
5f05dabc | 1203 | (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive |
a0d0e21e LW |
1204 | buffer. |
1205 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1206 | =item Can't "next" outside a loop block |
1207 | ||
1208 | (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but | |
1209 | there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't | |
be771a83 GS |
1210 | count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or |
1211 | grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect | |
1212 | though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops | |
1213 | once. See L<perlfunc/next>. | |
6df41af2 | 1214 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1215 | =item Can't open %s: %s |
1216 | ||
c47ff5f1 | 1217 | (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >> |
08e9d68e | 1218 | filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line |
46fa9b26 FC |
1219 | switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually |
1220 | this is because you don't have read permission for a file which | |
1221 | you named on the command line. | |
1222 | ||
1223 | (F) You tried to call perl with the B<-e> switch, but F</dev/null> (or | |
1224 | your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened. | |
a0d0e21e | 1225 | |
9a869a14 RGS |
1226 | =item Can't open a reference |
1227 | ||
1228 | (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing, | |
2fe2bdfd | 1229 | using the 3-arg open() syntax: |
9a869a14 RGS |
1230 | |
1231 | open FH, '>', $ref; | |
1232 | ||
1233 | but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of | |
1234 | open is not supported. | |
1235 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1236 | =item Can't open bidirectional pipe |
1237 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1238 | (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. |
1239 | You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such | |
1240 | as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using | |
1241 | ">", and then read it in under a different file handle. | |
a0d0e21e | 1242 | |
748a9306 LW |
1243 | =item Can't open error file %s as stderr |
1244 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1245 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
1246 | redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on | |
1247 | the command line for writing. | |
748a9306 LW |
1248 | |
1249 | =item Can't open input file %s as stdin | |
1250 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1251 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
1252 | redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the | |
1253 | command line for reading. | |
748a9306 LW |
1254 | |
1255 | =item Can't open output file %s as stdout | |
1256 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1257 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
1258 | redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on | |
1259 | the command line for writing. | |
748a9306 LW |
1260 | |
1261 | =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s) | |
1262 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1263 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line |
1264 | redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined | |
1265 | for stdout. | |
748a9306 | 1266 | |
3b1cf97d | 1267 | =item Can't open perl script "%s": %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
1268 | |
1269 | (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason. | |
1270 | ||
fa3aa65a JC |
1271 | If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the |
1272 | shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so | |
1273 | you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>. | |
1274 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1275 | =item Can't read CRTL environ |
1276 | ||
1277 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV | |
1278 | from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was | |
1279 | missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ | |
be771a83 GS |
1280 | or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not |
1281 | searched. | |
6df41af2 | 1282 | |
f3106bc8 LM |
1283 | =item Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s" |
1284 | ||
1285 | (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another declaration, | |
1286 | such as C<my ($x, my($y), $z)> or C<our (my $x)>. | |
1287 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1288 | =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block |
1289 | ||
1290 | (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but | |
1291 | there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't | |
1292 | count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() | |
1293 | or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect | |
1294 | though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that | |
1295 | loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>. | |
1296 | ||
64977eb6 | 1297 | =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file |
10f9c03d | 1298 | |
be771a83 GS |
1299 | (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup |
1300 | file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with | |
1301 | the modified file. The file was left unmodified. | |
10f9c03d | 1302 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1303 | =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file |
1304 | ||
e476b1b5 | 1305 | (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason, |
10f9c03d | 1306 | probably because you don't have write permission to the directory. |
a0d0e21e | 1307 | |
748a9306 LW |
1308 | =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode |
1309 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1310 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried |
1311 | to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed. | |
748a9306 | 1312 | |
9415f659 KW |
1313 | =item Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform |
1314 | ||
1315 | (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be due | |
1316 | to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC | |
1317 | platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-around is | |
1318 | to not use such a large code point. | |
1319 | ||
4f12ec0e FC |
1320 | =item Can't reset %ENV on this system |
1321 | ||
1322 | (F) You called C<reset('E')> or similar, which tried to reset | |
1323 | all variables in the current package beginning with "E". In | |
1324 | the main package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not | |
1325 | supported on some systems, notably VMS. | |
1326 | ||
fe13d51d | 1327 | =item Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" |
6df41af2 | 1328 | |
1fa582fa FC |
1329 | (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as |
1330 | opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the | |
1331 | package. If the method name is C<???>, this is an internal error. | |
6df41af2 | 1332 | |
cd06dffe GS |
1333 | =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine |
1334 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1335 | (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as |
1336 | temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This | |
1337 | is not allowed. | |
cd06dffe | 1338 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
1339 | =item Can't return outside a subroutine |
1340 | ||
1341 | (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where | |
1342 | there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>. | |
1343 | ||
78f9721b SM |
1344 | =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context |
1345 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
1346 | (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue |
1347 | subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl | |
1348 | think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to | |
1349 | write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell | |
1350 | Perl that the call should be in list context. | |
78f9721b | 1351 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1352 | =item Can't stat script "%s" |
1353 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1354 | (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it |
1355 | open already. Bizarre. | |
a0d0e21e | 1356 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1357 | =item Can't take log of %g |
1358 | ||
fb73857a | 1359 | (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a |
6903afa2 | 1360 | negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes |
be771a83 GS |
1361 | standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the |
1362 | negative numbers. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1363 | |
1364 | =item Can't take sqrt of %g | |
1365 | ||
1366 | (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a | |
fb73857a | 1367 | negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard |
1368 | with Perl, though, if you really want to do that. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1369 | |
1370 | =item Can't undef active subroutine | |
1371 | ||
1372 | (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can, | |
1373 | however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the | |
1374 | redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure. | |
1375 | ||
c81225bc | 1376 | =item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d |
a0d0e21e | 1377 | |
be771a83 GS |
1378 | (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it |
1379 | into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so | |
1380 | specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message | |
1381 | indicates that such a conversion was attempted. | |
a0d0e21e | 1382 | |
6651ba0b FC |
1383 | =item Can't use '%c' after -mname |
1384 | ||
1385 | (F) You tried to call perl with the B<-m> switch, but you put something | |
1386 | other than "=" after the module name. | |
1387 | ||
1f1ec7b5 KW |
1388 | =item Can't use a hash as a reference |
1389 | ||
1390 | (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in | |
66a1f5ec FC |
1391 | C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl |
1392 | <= 5.22.0 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't | |
1393 | have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1. | |
1f1ec7b5 KW |
1394 | |
1395 | =item Can't use an array as a reference | |
1396 | ||
1397 | (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in | |
66a1f5ec FC |
1398 | C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 |
1399 | used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. This | |
1400 | was deprecated in perl 5.6.1. | |
1f1ec7b5 | 1401 | |
1db89ea5 BS |
1402 | =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup |
1403 | ||
e27ad1f2 | 1404 | (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol |
1db89ea5 BS |
1405 | table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous |
1406 | for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>. | |
1407 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
1408 | =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference |
1409 | ||
1410 | (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must | |
1411 | be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors. | |
1412 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1413 | =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use |
1414 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1415 | (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic |
1416 | references are disallowed. See L<perlref>. | |
6df41af2 | 1417 | |
90b75b61 | 1418 | =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available |
1d2dff63 | 1419 | |
20561843 | 1420 | (F) The first time the C<%!> hash is used, perl automatically loads the |
6903afa2 | 1421 | Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to |
1d2dff63 GS |
1422 | provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values. |
1423 | ||
1109a392 MHM |
1424 | =item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s |
1425 | ||
1426 | (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian | |
1427 | byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not | |
1428 | allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
1429 | ||
e35475de KW |
1430 | =item Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?) |
1431 | ||
1432 | (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it | |
1433 | checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the | |
1434 | array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example. | |
1435 | ||
1436 | =item Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?) | |
1437 | ||
1438 | (F) C<defined()> is not usually right on hashes. | |
1439 | ||
1440 | Although C<defined %hash> is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it | |
1441 | becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including iterators, | |
1442 | weak references, stash names, even remaining true after C<undef %hash>. | |
1443 | These things make C<defined %hash> fairly useless in practice, so it now | |
1444 | generates a fatal error. | |
1445 | ||
1446 | If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in boolean | |
1447 | context (see L<perldata/Scalar values>): | |
1448 | ||
1449 | if (%hash) { | |
1450 | # not empty | |
1451 | } | |
1452 | ||
1453 | If you had C<defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX> to check whether such a package | |
1454 | variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and isn't | |
1455 | a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or whether | |
1456 | it's loaded, etc. | |
1457 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
1458 | =item Can't use %s for loop variable |
1459 | ||
c1f06047 | 1460 | (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a C<foreach> loop. |
6df41af2 | 1461 | |
aab6a793 | 1462 | =item Can't use global %s in "%s" |
6df41af2 | 1463 | |
be771a83 GS |
1464 | (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This |
1465 | is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location | |
1466 | (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to | |
1467 | have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but | |
6df41af2 GS |
1468 | weren't. |
1469 | ||
6d3b25aa RGS |
1470 | =item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s |
1471 | ||
1472 | (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type | |
1473 | that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. | |
1474 | For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that | |
1475 | is inside a big-endian group. | |
1476 | ||
c07a80fd | 1477 | =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison |
1478 | ||
1479 | (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons. | |
c47ff5f1 | 1480 | You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator, |
c07a80fd | 1481 | and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable. |
1482 | Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the | |
1483 | lexical variable. | |
1484 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1485 | =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref |
1486 | ||
1487 | (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a | |
1488 | reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to | |
1489 | test the type of the reference, if need be. | |
1490 | ||
748a9306 | 1491 | =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use |
a0d0e21e | 1492 | |
5e634d20 FC |
1493 | =item Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use |
1494 | ||
b41bf23f FC |
1495 | (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which |
1496 | C<use strict> blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See | |
1497 | L<perlref/"Symbolic references">. This can be triggered by an C<@> or C<$> | |
1498 | in a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable, | |
1499 | for example in C<"user @$twitter_id">, which says to treat the contents | |
1500 | of C<$twitter_id> as an array reference; use a C<\> to have a literal C<@> | |
1501 | symbol followed by the contents of C<$twitter_id>: C<"user \@$twitter_id">. | |
a0d0e21e | 1502 | |
748a9306 LW |
1503 | =item Can't use subscript on %s |
1504 | ||
1505 | (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a | |
1506 | subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that | |
209e7cf1 | 1507 | didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable. |
748a9306 | 1508 | |
6df41af2 GS |
1509 | =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression |
1510 | ||
75b44862 GS |
1511 | (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that |
1512 | creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a | |
1513 | backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular | |
be771a83 GS |
1514 | expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a |
1515 | value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form | |
1516 | instead. | |
6df41af2 | 1517 | |
810b8aa5 GS |
1518 | =item Can't weaken a nonreference |
1519 | ||
1520 | (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only | |
1521 | references can be weakened. | |
1522 | ||
fc7debfb FC |
1523 | =item Can't "when" outside a topicalizer |
1524 | ||
1525 | (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a C<foreach> | |
1526 | loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is issued on exit | |
1527 | from the C<when> block, so you won't get the error if the match fails, | |
1528 | or if you use an explicit C<continue>.) | |
1529 | ||
5f05dabc | 1530 | =item Can't x= to read-only value |
a0d0e21e | 1531 | |
be771a83 GS |
1532 | (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value) |
1533 | with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
1534 | Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that. |
1535 | ||
a04e6aad | 1536 | =item Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII |
f9d13529 | 1537 | |
7357bd17 | 1538 | (F) In C<\cI<X>>, I<X> must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character. |
17a3df4c | 1539 | |
727b6379 | 1540 | Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are |
7357bd17 | 1541 | discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) |
727b6379 | 1542 | L</""\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"">. |
f9d13529 | 1543 | |
163a633c KW |
1544 | =item Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ |
1545 | ||
1546 | (F) (In the above the C<%c> is replaced by either C<p> or C<P>.) You | |
1547 | specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name. Most | |
1548 | Unicode properties are specified by C<\p{...}>. But if the name is a | |
1549 | single character one, the braces may be omitted. | |
1550 | ||
f337b084 | 1551 | =item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack |
ac7cd81a SC |
1552 | |
1553 | (W pack) You said | |
1554 | ||
1555 | pack("C", $x) | |
1556 | ||
1557 | where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is | |
1558 | only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC, | |
1559 | and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant | |
1560 | ||
1561 | pack("C", $x & 255) | |
1562 | ||
1563 | If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format | |
1564 | instead. | |
1565 | ||
f337b084 | 1566 | =item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack |
ac7cd81a SC |
1567 | |
1568 | (W pack) You said | |
1569 | ||
1570 | pack("c", $x) | |
1571 | ||
1572 | where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format | |
1573 | is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC, | |
1574 | and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant | |
1575 | ||
1576 | pack("c", $x & 255); | |
1577 | ||
1578 | If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format | |
1579 | instead. | |
1580 | ||
f337b084 TH |
1581 | =item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack |
1582 | ||
1583 | (W unpack) You tried something like | |
1584 | ||
1585 | unpack("H", "\x{2a1}") | |
1586 | ||
1a147d38 | 1587 | where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value |
6903afa2 FC |
1588 | below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the |
1589 | value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: | |
f337b084 TH |
1590 | |
1591 | unpack("H", "\x{a1}") | |
1592 | ||
5a25739d FC |
1593 | =item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack |
1594 | ||
1595 | (W pack) You said | |
1596 | ||
1597 | pack("U0W", $x) | |
1598 | ||
1599 | where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode | |
1600 | expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved | |
1601 | as if you meant: | |
1602 | ||
1603 | pack("U0W", $x & 255) | |
1604 | ||
f337b084 TH |
1605 | =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack |
1606 | ||
1607 | (W pack) You tried something like | |
1608 | ||
1609 | pack("u", "\x{1f3}b") | |
1610 | ||
1a147d38 | 1611 | where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a |
6903afa2 | 1612 | value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl |
f337b084 TH |
1613 | uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: |
1614 | ||
1615 | pack("u", "\x{f3}b") | |
1616 | ||
1617 | =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack | |
1618 | ||
1619 | (W unpack) You tried something like | |
1620 | ||
1621 | unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b") | |
1622 | ||
1a147d38 | 1623 | where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a |
6903afa2 | 1624 | value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl |
f337b084 TH |
1625 | uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: |
1626 | ||
1627 | unpack("s", "\x{f3}b") | |
1628 | ||
f51551f7 FC |
1629 | =item charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple spaces |
1630 | ||
1631 | (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space characters | |
1632 | in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these names are | |
1633 | defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they | |
1634 | could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>. See | |
1635 | L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>. | |
1636 | ||
1637 | =item charnames alias definitions may not contain trailing white-space | |
1638 | ||
1639 | (F) You defined a character name which ended in a space | |
1640 | character. Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are | |
1641 | defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they | |
1642 | could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>. | |
1643 | See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>. | |
1644 | ||
60121127 TC |
1645 | =item chdir() on unopened filehandle %s |
1646 | ||
1647 | (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never opened. | |
1648 | ||
f866a7cd FC |
1649 | =item "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s" |
1650 | ||
1651 | (W syntax) The C<\cI<X>> construct is intended to be a way to specify | |
7ed0dd93 FC |
1652 | non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which |
1653 | is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash | |
1654 | for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable | |
1655 | between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms. | |
f866a7cd | 1656 | |
6651ba0b FC |
1657 | =item Cloning substitution context is unimplemented |
1658 | ||
1659 | (F) Creating a new thread inside the C<s///> operator is not supported. | |
1660 | ||
abc7ecad SP |
1661 | =item closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
1662 | ||
1663 | (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really | |
1664 | a dirhandle. Check your control flow. | |
1665 | ||
5a25739d FC |
1666 | =item close() on unopened filehandle %s |
1667 | ||
1668 | (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened. | |
1669 | ||
541ed3a9 FC |
1670 | =item Closure prototype called |
1671 | ||
1672 | (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an attribute | |
1673 | handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new closure is created. | |
1674 | This subroutine cannot be called. | |
1675 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
1676 | =item \C no longer supported in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
1677 | ||
1678 | (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte | |
1679 | within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as | |
1680 | it broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy. | |
1681 | If you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably | |
1682 | want to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is | |
1683 | stored as a character, with utf8::encode(). | |
1684 | ||
49704364 WL |
1685 | =item Code missing after '/' |
1686 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
1687 | (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be |
1688 | another template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
49704364 | 1689 | |
c0236afe KW |
1690 | =item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable |
1691 | ||
1692 | (S non_unicode) You had a code point that has never been in any | |
1693 | standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl will NOT | |
1694 | understand it. At one time, it was legal in some standards to have code | |
1695 | points up to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point is higher. | |
1696 | ||
1697 | Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should | |
1698 | expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on | |
1699 | EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them. | |
1700 | ||
1701 | Code points above 0xFFFF_FFFF require larger than a 32 bit word. | |
1702 | ||
1703 | Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code | |
1704 | points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines | |
1705 | become available that have larger than a 64-bit word. At that time, | |
1706 | files written by an older Perl would require conversion before being | |
1707 | readable by a newer Perl. | |
1708 | ||
5a25739d FC |
1709 | =item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable |
1710 | ||
2d88a86a | 1711 | (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum |
1b64326b FC |
1712 | of U+10FFFF. |
1713 | ||
c0236afe KW |
1714 | Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points, but |
1715 | these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. Further, even if | |
1716 | these languages/systems accept these large code points, they may have | |
1717 | chosen a different representation for them than the UTF-8-like one that | |
1718 | Perl has, which would mean files are not exchangeable between them and | |
1719 | Perl. | |
1720 | ||
1721 | On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different | |
1722 | representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing these | |
1723 | that was written before that version will require conversion before | |
1724 | being readable by a later Perl. | |
0876b9a0 | 1725 | |
6df41af2 GS |
1726 | =item %s: Command not found |
1727 | ||
a892b81a | 1728 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> or another shell |
66a1f5ec FC |
1729 | instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into |
1730 | Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like | |
8f721816 | 1731 | |
3bcfc7b3 LM |
1732 | #!/usr/bin/perl |
1733 | ||
1734 | =item %s: command not found | |
1735 | ||
1736 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<bash> or another shell | |
1737 | instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into | |
1738 | Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like | |
1739 | ||
1740 | #!/usr/bin/perl | |
1741 | ||
1742 | =item %s: command not found: %s | |
1743 | ||
1744 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<zsh> or another shell | |
1745 | instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into | |
1746 | Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like | |
1747 | ||
1748 | #!/usr/bin/perl | |
6df41af2 | 1749 | |
7a2e2cd6 | 1750 | =item Compilation failed in require |
1751 | ||
1752 | (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement. | |
be771a83 GS |
1753 | Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it |
1754 | encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately. | |
7a2e2cd6 | 1755 | |
c3464db5 DD |
1756 | =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded |
1757 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1758 | (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex |
1759 | situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited | |
1760 | to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow | |
1761 | arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without | |
1762 | recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string | |
1763 | under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than | |
1764 | in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so | |
c2e66d9e | 1765 | that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information |
be771a83 | 1766 | on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.) |
c3464db5 | 1767 | |
69282e91 | 1768 | =item connect() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 1769 | |
be771a83 GS |
1770 | (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget |
1771 | to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
1772 | L<perlfunc/connect>. | |
a0d0e21e | 1773 | |
e21e7c6a FC |
1774 | =item Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value |
1775 | ||
1776 | (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading | |
1777 | (see L<overload>) or a custom charnames handler (see | |
1778 | L<charnames/CUSTOM TRANSLATORS>) returned an undefined value. | |
1779 | ||
1780 | =item Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined | |
1781 | ||
1782 | (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an | |
1783 | overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding | |
f738a371 | 1784 | L<overload> pragma? |
e21e7c6a | 1785 | |
779c5bc9 GS |
1786 | =item Constant is not %s reference |
1787 | ||
1788 | (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma) | |
be771a83 | 1789 | is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference. |
6903afa2 | 1790 | The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This |
be771a83 | 1791 | usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value. |
779c5bc9 GS |
1792 | See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>. |
1793 | ||
0ac016fc FC |
1794 | =item Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are |
1795 | deprecated | |
1796 | ||
1797 | (D deprecated) You wrote something like | |
1798 | ||
1799 | my $var; | |
1800 | $sub = sub () { $var }; | |
1801 | ||
1802 | but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the C<sub> | |
1803 | expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified elsewhere | |
1804 | (C<$var = 3>) or it is passed to a subroutine or to an operator like | |
1805 | C<printf> or C<map>, which may or may not modify the variable. | |
1806 | ||
1807 | Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that | |
1808 | point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for inlining. | |
1809 | In those cases where the variable can be modified elsewhere, this | |
1810 | breaks the behavior of closures, in which the subroutine captures | |
1811 | the variable itself, rather than its value, so future changes to the | |
1812 | variable are reflected in the subroutine's return value. | |
1813 | ||
1814 | This usage is deprecated, because the behavior is likely to change | |
1815 | in a future version of Perl. | |
1816 | ||
1817 | If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining, then | |
1818 | make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly by | |
1819 | copying it: | |
1820 | ||
1821 | my $var2 = $var; | |
1822 | $sub = sub () { $var2 }; | |
1823 | ||
1824 | If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future | |
1825 | changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit C<return>: | |
1826 | ||
1827 | my $var; | |
1828 | $sub = sub () { return $var }; | |
1829 | ||
4cee8e80 CS |
1830 | =item Constant subroutine %s redefined |
1831 | ||
aeb94125 FC |
1832 | (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously |
1833 | been eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> | |
1834 | for commentary and workarounds. | |
4cee8e80 | 1835 | |
9607fc9c | 1836 | =item Constant subroutine %s undefined |
1837 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1838 | (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible |
1839 | for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and | |
1840 | workarounds. | |
9607fc9c | 1841 | |
5a25739d FC |
1842 | =item Constant(%s) unknown |
1843 | ||
1844 | (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting | |
1845 | to define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the | |
1846 | character name specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you | |
3ee1a09c | 1847 | forgot to load the corresponding L<overload> pragma? |
5a25739d | 1848 | |
4a873d7a FC |
1849 | =item :const is experimental |
1850 | ||
1851 | (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental. | |
1852 | If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with C<no warnings | |
1853 | 'experimental::const_attr'>, but know that in doing so you are taking | |
1854 | the risk that your code may break in a future Perl version. | |
1855 | ||
b77472f9 FC |
1856 | =item :const is not permitted on named subroutines |
1857 | ||
1858 | (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run and | |
465068b9 | 1859 | its value captured at the time that it is cloned. Named subroutines are |
b77472f9 FC |
1860 | not cloned like this, so the attribute does not make sense on them. |
1861 | ||
e7ea3e70 IZ |
1862 | =item Copy method did not return a reference |
1863 | ||
6903afa2 | 1864 | (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See |
13a2d996 | 1865 | L<overload/Copy Constructor>. |
e7ea3e70 | 1866 | |
4aaa4757 FC |
1867 | =item &CORE::%s cannot be called directly |
1868 | ||
1869 | (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the C<CORE::> namespace | |
8d605c0d | 1870 | with C<&foo> syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines |
4aaa4757 FC |
1871 | in this package cannot yet be called that way, but must be |
1872 | called as barewords. Something like this will work: | |
1873 | ||
1874 | BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; } | |
1875 | shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array | |
1876 | ||
6798c92b GS |
1877 | =item CORE::%s is not a keyword |
1878 | ||
1879 | (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords. | |
1880 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
1881 | =item Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d |
1882 | ||
1883 | (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using | |
1884 | one, your L<custom regular expression engine|perlreapi>. If not the | |
1885 | latter, report the problem through the L<perlbug> utility. | |
1886 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1887 | =item corrupted regexp pointers |
1888 | ||
1889 | (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular | |
1890 | expression compiler gave it. | |
1891 | ||
1892 | =item corrupted regexp program | |
1893 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1894 | (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a |
1895 | valid magic number. | |
a0d0e21e | 1896 | |
de42a5a9 | 1897 | =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x |
6df41af2 GS |
1898 | |
1899 | (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure. | |
1900 | ||
49704364 WL |
1901 | =item Count after length/code in unpack |
1902 | ||
1903 | (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but | |
1904 | you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See | |
1905 | L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
1906 | ||
3f645a4e FC |
1907 | =item Declaring references is experimental |
1908 | ||
1909 | (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use | |
1910 | a reference constructor on the right-hand side of C<my>, C<state>, C<our>, or | |
1911 | C<local>. Simply suppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but | |
1912 | know that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental | |
1913 | feature which may change or be removed in a future Perl version: | |
1914 | ||
1915 | no warnings "experimental::declared_refs"; | |
1916 | use feature "declared_refs"; | |
1917 | $fooref = my \$foo; | |
1918 | ||
f2cccb4c KW |
1919 | =for comment |
1920 | The following are used in lib/diagnostics.t for testing two =items that | |
1921 | share the same description. Changes here need to be propagated to there | |
1922 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
1923 | =item Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine |
1924 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
1925 | =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s" |
1926 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1927 | (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) |
1928 | 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an | |
1929 | infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in | |
1930 | which case it indicates something else. | |
a0d0e21e | 1931 | |
aad1d01f NC |
1932 | This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the F<perl> binary, |
1933 | setting the C pre-processor macro C<PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN> to the desired value. | |
1934 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
1935 | =item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by |
1936 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
bcb95744 | 1937 | |
6903afa2 | 1938 | (F) You used something like C<(?(DEFINE)...|..)> which is illegal. The |
bcb95744 FC |
1939 | most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside |
1940 | of the C<....> part. | |
1941 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 1942 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
bcb95744 FC |
1943 | discovered. |
1944 | ||
62658f4d PM |
1945 | =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed |
1946 | ||
1947 | (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file | |
1948 | there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>. | |
1949 | ||
36447869 FC |
1950 | =item delete argument is index/value array slice, use array slice |
1951 | ||
1952 | (F) You used index/value array slice syntax (C<%array[...]>) as | |
1953 | the argument to C<delete>. You probably meant C<@array[...]> with | |
1954 | an @ symbol instead. | |
1955 | ||
1956 | =item delete argument is key/value hash slice, use hash slice | |
1957 | ||
1958 | (F) You used key/value hash slice syntax (C<%hash{...}>) as the argument to | |
1959 | C<delete>. You probably meant C<@hash{...}> with an @ symbol instead. | |
1960 | ||
0ffcbc25 FC |
1961 | =item delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice |
1962 | ||
4a0af295 | 1963 | (F) The argument to C<delete> must be either a hash or array element, |
0ffcbc25 FC |
1964 | such as: |
1965 | ||
1966 | $foo{$bar} | |
1967 | $ref->{"susie"}[12] | |
1968 | ||
1969 | or a hash or array slice, such as: | |
1970 | ||
1971 | @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy] | |
1972 | @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"} | |
1973 | ||
fc36a67e | 1974 | =item Delimiter for here document is too long |
1975 | ||
be771a83 GS |
1976 | (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too |
1977 | long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code | |
1978 | that triggers this error. | |
fc36a67e | 1979 | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
1980 | =item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional |
1981 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
1982 | (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>. There |
1983 | has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable | |
6d3b25aa | 1984 | not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false |
6903afa2 | 1985 | conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of |
fa816bf3 | 1986 | static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people |
6903afa2 | 1987 | relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by |
6d3b25aa | 1988 | declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg |
36fb85f3 | 1989 | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
1990 | sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ } |
1991 | ||
1992 | becomes | |
1993 | ||
1994 | { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } } | |
1995 | ||
ea9d9ebc | 1996 | Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use C<state> variables to have |
fa816bf3 | 1997 | lexicals that are initialized only once (see L<feature>): |
36fb85f3 RGS |
1998 | |
1999 | sub f { state $x; return $x++ } | |
2000 | ||
500ab966 RGS |
2001 | =item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s' |
2002 | ||
2003 | (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is | |
6903afa2 FC |
2004 | just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather |
2005 | than to create a dangling reference. | |
500ab966 | 2006 | |
3cdd684c TP |
2007 | =item Did not produce a valid header |
2008 | ||
3de20fbe | 2009 | See L</500 Server error>. |
3cdd684c | 2010 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2011 | =item %s did not return a true value |
2012 | ||
2013 | (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that | |
2014 | it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's | |
2015 | traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would | |
2016 | do. See L<perlfunc/require>. | |
2017 | ||
cc507455 | 2018 | =item (Did you mean &%s instead?) |
4633a7c4 | 2019 | |
413ff9f6 FC |
2020 | (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or |
2021 | some such. | |
4633a7c4 | 2022 | |
cc507455 | 2023 | =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?) |
33633739 | 2024 | |
be771a83 GS |
2025 | (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global |
2026 | variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which | |
2027 | seems superfluous. | |
33633739 | 2028 | |
cc507455 | 2029 | =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?) |
a0d0e21e | 2030 | |
be771a83 GS |
2031 | (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or |
2032 | @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got | |
2033 | carried away. | |
748a9306 | 2034 | |
7e1af8bc | 2035 | =item Died |
5f05dabc | 2036 | |
2037 | (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or | |
075b00aa | 2038 | you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty. |
5f05dabc | 2039 | |
3cdd684c TP |
2040 | =item Document contains no data |
2041 | ||
3de20fbe | 2042 | See L</500 Server error>. |
3cdd684c | 2043 | |
62658f4d PM |
2044 | =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed |
2045 | ||
2046 | (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not | |
943fc58e | 2047 | define a C<$VERSION>. |
62658f4d | 2048 | |
49704364 WL |
2049 | =item '/' does not take a repeat count |
2050 | ||
2051 | (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code. | |
2052 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
2053 | ||
95cb0d72 FC |
2054 | =item Don't know how to get file name |
2055 | ||
2056 | (P) C<PerlIO_getname>, a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS, was | |
2057 | somehow called on another platform. This should not happen. | |
2058 | ||
4021c788 | 2059 | =item Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o |
a0d0e21e LW |
2060 | |
2061 | (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed. | |
2062 | ||
2063 | =item do_study: out of memory | |
2064 | ||
2065 | (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead. | |
2066 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
2067 | =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?) |
2068 | ||
56da5a46 RGS |
2069 | (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message |
2070 | "%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module | |
6df41af2 GS |
2071 | name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be |
2072 | because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing | |
be771a83 GS |
2073 | "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing |
2074 | something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the | |
2075 | subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty | |
2076 | "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration. | |
6df41af2 | 2077 | |
ac206dc8 RGS |
2078 | =item dump() better written as CORE::dump() |
2079 | ||
2080 | (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully | |
2081 | qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>. | |
2082 | ||
84d78eb7 YO |
2083 | =item dump is not supported |
2084 | ||
2085 | (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump. | |
2086 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2087 | =item Duplicate free() ignored |
2088 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2089 | (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had |
2090 | already been freed. | |
a0d0e21e | 2091 | |
1109a392 MHM |
2092 | =item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s |
2093 | ||
35f0cd76 FC |
2094 | (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a |
2095 | type in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
1109a392 | 2096 | |
4633a7c4 LW |
2097 | =item elseif should be elsif |
2098 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
2099 | (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks |
2100 | it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method | |
2101 | named "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is | |
4633a7c4 LW |
2102 | unlikely to be what you want. |
2103 | ||
c30c479a KW |
2104 | =item Empty \%c in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
2105 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2106 | =item Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ab13f0c7 | 2107 | |
af6f566e | 2108 | (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as |
6903afa2 | 2109 | described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in |
af6f566e | 2110 | a regular expression without specifying the property name. |
ab13f0c7 | 2111 | |
ac641426 | 2112 | =item ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28 |
a15a3d9b FC |
2113 | |
2114 | (D deprecated) The special variable C<${^ENCODING}>, formerly used to implement | |
2115 | the C<encoding> pragma, is no longer supported as of Perl 5.26.0. | |
2116 | ||
ac641426 A |
2117 | Setting this variable will become a fatal error in Perl 5.28. |
2118 | ||
85ab1d1d | 2119 | =item entering effective %s failed |
5ff3f7a4 | 2120 | |
85ab1d1d | 2121 | (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and |
5ff3f7a4 GS |
2122 | effective uids or gids failed. |
2123 | ||
c038024b RGS |
2124 | =item %ENV is aliased to %s |
2125 | ||
2126 | (F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been | |
2127 | aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the | |
6903afa2 | 2128 | program's environment. This is potentially insecure. |
c038024b | 2129 | |
748a9306 LW |
2130 | =item Error converting file specification %s |
2131 | ||
5f05dabc | 2132 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file |
748a9306 | 2133 | specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a |
be771a83 GS |
2134 | single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed |
2135 | an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the | |
2136 | conversion routines don't handle. Drat. | |
748a9306 | 2137 | |
ad19ef22 | 2138 | =item Eval-group in insecure regular expression |
e4d48cc9 | 2139 | |
be771a83 GS |
2140 | (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular |
2141 | expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which | |
2142 | is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>. | |
e4d48cc9 | 2143 | |
ad19ef22 | 2144 | =item Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/ |
e4d48cc9 | 2145 | |
be771a83 GS |
2146 | (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the |
2147 | C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the | |
f11307f5 FC |
2148 | pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, |
2149 | it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by using the | |
2150 | C<re 'eval'> pragma or by explicitly building the pattern from an | |
2151 | interpolated string at run time and using that in an eval(). See | |
2152 | L<perlre/(?{ code })>. | |
e4d48cc9 | 2153 | |
ad19ef22 | 2154 | =item Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/ |
6df41af2 | 2155 | |
be771a83 GS |
2156 | (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width |
2157 | assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> | |
2158 | pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>. | |
6df41af2 | 2159 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2160 | =item EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by |
2161 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
1a147d38 YO |
2162 | |
2163 | (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without consuming | |
6903afa2 | 2164 | any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed. |
1a147d38 | 2165 | |
6e8a73f2 | 2166 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
1a147d38 YO |
2167 | discovered. |
2168 | ||
fc36a67e | 2169 | =item Excessively long <> operator |
2170 | ||
2171 | (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a | |
2172 | Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of | |
2173 | filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a | |
2174 | variable and glob that. | |
2175 | ||
ed9aa3b7 SG |
2176 | =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system |
2177 | ||
af8bb25a | 2178 | (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented on some systems, e.g., Symbian |
6903afa2 | 2179 | OS. See L<perlport>. |
ed9aa3b7 | 2180 | |
fe13d51d | 2181 | =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors. |
a0d0e21e LW |
2182 | |
2183 | (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails. | |
2184 | ||
0ffcbc25 FC |
2185 | =item exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine |
2186 | ||
4a0af295 | 2187 | (F) The argument to C<exists> must be a hash or array element or a |
0ffcbc25 FC |
2188 | subroutine with an ampersand, such as: |
2189 | ||
2190 | $foo{$bar} | |
2191 | $ref->{"susie"}[12] | |
2192 | &do_something | |
2193 | ||
2194 | =item exists argument is not a subroutine name | |
2195 | ||
ccfc2567 FC |
2196 | (F) The argument to C<exists> for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine name, |
2197 | and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this error. | |
0ffcbc25 | 2198 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2199 | =item Exiting eval via %s |
2200 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2201 | (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a |
2202 | goto, or a loop control statement. | |
e476b1b5 GS |
2203 | |
2204 | =item Exiting format via %s | |
2205 | ||
9a2ff54b | 2206 | (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a |
be771a83 | 2207 | goto, or a loop control statement. |
a0d0e21e | 2208 | |
0a753a76 | 2209 | =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s |
2210 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2211 | (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a |
2212 | sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a | |
2213 | loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>. | |
0a753a76 | 2214 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2215 | =item Exiting subroutine via %s |
2216 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2217 | (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such |
2218 | as a goto, or a loop control statement. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2219 | |
2220 | =item Exiting substitution via %s | |
2221 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2222 | (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such |
2223 | as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement. | |
a0d0e21e | 2224 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2225 | =item Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
c608e803 | 2226 | |
675fa9ff | 2227 | (F) You wrote something like |
c608e803 KW |
2228 | |
2229 | (?13 | |
2230 | ||
2231 | to denote a capturing group of the form | |
2232 | L<C<(?I<PARNO>)>|perlre/(?PARNO) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) (?R) (?0)>, | |
2233 | but omitted the C<")">. | |
2234 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2235 | =item Expecting '(?flags:(?[...' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
27350048 | 2236 | |
8b6fbf55 FC |
2237 | (F) The C<(?[...])> extended character class regular expression construct |
2238 | only allows character classes (including character class escapes like | |
2239 | C<\d>), operators, and parentheses. The one exception is C<(?flags:...)> | |
2240 | containing at least one flag and exactly one C<(?[...])> construct. | |
27350048 FC |
2241 | This allows a regular expression containing just C<(?[...])> to be |
2242 | interpolated. If you see this error message, then you probably | |
2243 | have some other C<(?...)> construct inside your character class. See | |
2244 | L<perlrecharclass/Extended Bracketed Character Classes>. | |
2245 | ||
baabe3fb | 2246 | =item Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled |
1f8155a2 | 2247 | |
baabe3fb | 2248 | (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the feature: |
1f8155a2 | 2249 | |
baabe3fb FC |
2250 | no warnings "experimental::refaliasing"; |
2251 | use feature "refaliasing"; | |
1f8155a2 FC |
2252 | \$x = \$y; |
2253 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
2254 | =item Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden |
2255 | ||
2256 | (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed C<each>, C<keys>, | |
2257 | C<push>, C<pop>, C<shift>, C<splice>, C<unshift>, and C<values> to be called with a | |
2258 | scalar argument. This experiment is considered unsuccessful, and | |
2259 | has been removed. The C<postderef> feature may meet your needs better. | |
2260 | ||
30d9c59b Z |
2261 | =item Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled |
2262 | ||
2263 | (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them: | |
2264 | ||
caa35032 | 2265 | no warnings "experimental::signatures"; |
30d9c59b Z |
2266 | use feature "signatures"; |
2267 | sub foo ($left, $right) { ... } | |
2268 | ||
7b8d334a GS |
2269 | =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main) |
2270 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2271 | (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has |
2272 | the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is | |
2273 | usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package, | |
2274 | e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage'); | |
7b8d334a | 2275 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2276 | =item %s: Expression syntax |
2277 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2278 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. |
2279 | Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. | |
6df41af2 GS |
2280 | |
2281 | =item %s failed--call queue aborted | |
2282 | ||
3c10abe3 AG |
2283 | (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK, |
2284 | CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the | |
2285 | queue of such routines has been prematurely ended. | |
6df41af2 | 2286 | |
502aca56 TC |
2287 | =item Failed to close in-place edit file %s: %s |
2288 | ||
2289 | (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the C<-i> | |
2290 | command-line switch, failed. | |
2291 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2292 | =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
73b437c8 | 2293 | |
98d31c73 | 2294 | (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a literal |
7253e4e3 | 2295 | character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-" |
3c6ca74a FC |
2296 | in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". In a C<(?[...])> |
2297 | construct, this is an error, rather than a warning. Consider quoting | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2298 | the "-", "\-". The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression |
3c6ca74a | 2299 | the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
73b437c8 | 2300 | |
1b1ee2ef | 2301 | =item Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d |
a0d0e21e | 2302 | |
be771a83 GS |
2303 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS |
2304 | system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more | |
2305 | details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell | |
2306 | you which section of the Perl source code is distressed. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2307 | |
2308 | =item fcntl is not implemented | |
2309 | ||
2310 | (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a | |
2311 | PDP-11 or something? | |
2312 | ||
22846ab4 AB |
2313 | =item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value |
2314 | ||
2315 | (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which | |
2316 | is not possible. | |
2317 | ||
f337b084 TH |
2318 | =item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack |
2319 | ||
d8b5cc61 | 2320 | (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length indicator |
6903afa2 FC |
2321 | which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for |
2322 | a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified | |
5c96f6f7 | 2323 | C<u63> as the format. |
f337b084 | 2324 | |
a0e213fc A |
2325 | =item File::Glob::glob() will disappear in perl 5.30. Use File::Glob::bsd_glob() instead. |
2326 | ||
2327 | (D deprecated) C<< File::Glob >> has a function called C<< glob >>, which | |
2328 | just calls C<< bsd_glob >>. However, its prototype is different from the | |
2329 | prototype of C<< CORE::glob >>, and hence, C<< File::Glob::glob >> should | |
2330 | not be used. | |
2331 | ||
2332 | C<< File::Glob::glob() >> was deprecated in perl 5.8.0. A deprecation | |
2333 | message was issued from perl 5.26.0 onwards, and the function will | |
2334 | disappear in perl 5.30.0. | |
2335 | ||
2336 | Code using C<< File::Glob::glob() >> should call | |
2337 | C<< File::Glob::bsd_glob() >> instead. | |
2338 | ||
af8c498a | 2339 | =item Filehandle %s opened only for input |
a0d0e21e | 2340 | |
6c8d78fb HS |
2341 | (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended |
2342 | it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or | |
2343 | "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to | |
2344 | write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>. | |
a0d0e21e | 2345 | |
af8c498a | 2346 | =item Filehandle %s opened only for output |
a0d0e21e | 2347 | |
6c8d78fb HS |
2348 | (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If |
2349 | you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it | |
89a1bda8 FC |
2350 | with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you intended only to |
2351 | read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>. Another possibility | |
2352 | is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for | |
2353 | output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?). | |
97828cef RGS |
2354 | |
2355 | =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input | |
2356 | ||
2357 | (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id | |
6903afa2 | 2358 | as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR |
97828cef RGS |
2359 | previously. |
2360 | ||
2361 | =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output | |
2362 | ||
2363 | (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id | |
fa816bf3 | 2364 | as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously. |
a0d0e21e LW |
2365 | |
2366 | =item Final $ should be \$ or $name | |
2367 | ||
2368 | (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be | |
be771a83 GS |
2369 | a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that |
2370 | happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the | |
2371 | name. | |
a0d0e21e | 2372 | |
56e90b21 GS |
2373 | =item flock() on closed filehandle %s |
2374 | ||
be771a83 | 2375 | (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed |
c289d2f7 | 2376 | some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on |
be771a83 GS |
2377 | filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the |
2378 | same name? | |
56e90b21 | 2379 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2380 | =item Format not terminated |
2381 | ||
2382 | (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got | |
2383 | to the end of your file without finding such a line. | |
2384 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2385 | =item Format %s redefined |
2386 | ||
e476b1b5 | 2387 | (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say |
a0d0e21e LW |
2388 | |
2389 | { | |
271595cc | 2390 | no warnings 'redefine'; |
a0d0e21e LW |
2391 | eval "format NAME =..."; |
2392 | } | |
2393 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2394 | =item Found = in conditional, should be == |
2395 | ||
e476b1b5 | 2396 | (W syntax) You said |
a0d0e21e LW |
2397 | |
2398 | if ($foo = 123) | |
2399 | ||
2400 | when you meant | |
2401 | ||
2402 | if ($foo == 123) | |
2403 | ||
2404 | (or something like that). | |
2405 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
2406 | =item %s found where operator expected |
2407 | ||
56da5a46 RGS |
2408 | (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. |
2409 | If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an | |
be771a83 GS |
2410 | operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an |
2411 | operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon. | |
6df41af2 | 2412 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2413 | =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s" |
2414 | ||
2415 | (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed. | |
2416 | ||
2417 | =item gethostent not implemented | |
2418 | ||
2419 | (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably | |
2420 | because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname | |
2421 | on the Internet. | |
2422 | ||
69282e91 | 2423 | =item get%sname() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 2424 | |
be771a83 GS |
2425 | (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed |
2426 | socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call? | |
a0d0e21e | 2427 | |
748a9306 LW |
2428 | =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s" |
2429 | ||
2430 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the | |
2431 | C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC. | |
2432 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
2433 | =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s |
2434 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2435 | (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you |
2436 | forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
6df41af2 GS |
2437 | L<perlfunc/getsockopt>. |
2438 | ||
0f539b13 BF |
2439 | =item given is experimental |
2440 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
2441 | (S experimental::smartmatch) C<given> depends on smartmatch, which |
2442 | is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed | |
2443 | in any future release of perl. See the explanation under | |
2444 | L<perlsyn/Experimental Details on given and when>. | |
0f539b13 | 2445 | |
68567d27 FC |
2446 | =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to |
2447 | declare "my %s"?) | |
6df41af2 | 2448 | |
a4edf47d | 2449 | (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates |
30c282f6 | 2450 | that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"), |
a4edf47d GS |
2451 | declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified to say |
2452 | which package the global variable is in (using "::"). | |
6df41af2 | 2453 | |
e476b1b5 GS |
2454 | =item glob failed (%s) |
2455 | ||
5ead438e | 2456 | (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used |
73c4e9dc FC |
2457 | for C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a C<glob> |
2458 | pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a | |
be771a83 | 2459 | nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit |
73c4e9dc FC |
2460 | resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) |
2461 | is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables | |
2462 | in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as | |
2463 | if it were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them | |
2464 | all empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will | |
be771a83 | 2465 | think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run |
75b44862 | 2466 | C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl. |
e476b1b5 | 2467 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2468 | =item Glob not terminated |
2469 | ||
2470 | (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting | |
be771a83 GS |
2471 | a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and |
2472 | not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out | |
2473 | earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than". | |
a0d0e21e | 2474 | |
b35b96b6 JH |
2475 | =item gmtime(%f) failed |
2476 | ||
2477 | (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that it could not handle: | |
2478 | too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is C<undef>. | |
2479 | ||
bcd05b94 | 2480 | =item gmtime(%f) too large |
8b56d6ff | 2481 | |
e9200be3 | 2482 | (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was larger than |
fc003d4b | 2483 | it can reliably handle and C<gmtime> probably returned the wrong |
6903afa2 | 2484 | date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special |
fc003d4b MS |
2485 | not-a-number value). |
2486 | ||
bcd05b94 | 2487 | =item gmtime(%f) too small |
fc003d4b | 2488 | |
e9200be3 | 2489 | (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was smaller than |
e7a1a147 | 2490 | it can reliably handle and C<gmtime> probably returned the wrong date. |
8b56d6ff | 2491 | |
6df41af2 | 2492 | =item Got an error from DosAllocMem |
a0d0e21e | 2493 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2494 | (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete |
2495 | version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2496 | |
2497 | =item goto must have label | |
2498 | ||
2499 | (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an | |
2500 | unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>. | |
2501 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
2502 | =item Goto undefined subroutine%s |
2503 | ||
2504 | (F) You tried to call a subroutine with C<goto &sub> syntax, but | |
2505 | the indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it | |
2506 | has since been undefined. | |
2507 | ||
6fbc9859 | 2508 | =item Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 2509 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
1f4f6bf1 YO |
2510 | |
2511 | (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning | |
f26c79ba FC |
2512 | they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of |
2513 | this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See L<perlre>. | |
1f4f6bf1 | 2514 | |
5a25739d FC |
2515 | =item ()-group starts with a count |
2516 | ||
2517 | (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow | |
2518 | something: a template character or a ()-group. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
2519 | ||
fe13d51d | 2520 | =item %s had compilation errors. |
6df41af2 GS |
2521 | |
2522 | (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails. | |
2523 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2524 | =item Had to create %s unexpectedly |
2525 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2526 | (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought |
2527 | to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be | |
2528 | created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump. | |
a0d0e21e | 2529 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2530 | =item %s has too many errors |
2531 | ||
2532 | (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors. | |
2533 | Further error messages would likely be uninformative. | |
2534 | ||
61e61fbc JH |
2535 | =item Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow |
2536 | ||
d8f2b442 | 2537 | (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent |
61e61fbc JH |
2538 | than the floating point supports. |
2539 | ||
2540 | =item Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow | |
2541 | ||
d8f2b442 | 2542 | (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent |
b6d9b423 JH |
2543 | than the floating point supports. With the IEEE 754 floating point, |
2544 | this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as denormals) | |
2545 | are being used, which may or may not be an error. | |
61e61fbc | 2546 | |
5488d373 | 2547 | =item Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s) |
cf4f6003 JH |
2548 | |
2549 | (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling. | |
2550 | ||
61e61fbc JH |
2551 | =item Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow |
2552 | ||
2553 | (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits in | |
2554 | the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also known as | |
2555 | the fraction or the significand) than the floating point supports. | |
2556 | ||
40bca5ae JH |
2557 | =item Hexadecimal float: precision loss |
2558 | ||
2559 | (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more | |
2560 | digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported | |
2561 | long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available | |
2562 | (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations). | |
2563 | ||
2564 | =item Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format | |
2565 | ||
2566 | (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but | |
d8f2b442 | 2567 | the internals of the long double format are unknown; |
40bca5ae JH |
2568 | therefore the hexadecimal float output is impossible. |
2569 | ||
252aa082 JH |
2570 | =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable |
2571 | ||
e476b1b5 | 2572 | (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 |
9e24b6e2 JH |
2573 | (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See |
2574 | L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. | |
252aa082 | 2575 | |
8903cb82 | 2576 | =item Identifier too long |
2577 | ||
2578 | (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to | |
fc36a67e | 2579 | about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound |
be771a83 GS |
2580 | names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions |
2581 | of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations. | |
8903cb82 | 2582 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2583 | =item Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by |
2584 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
fc8cd66c | 2585 | |
f3ba6905 | 2586 | (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a |
0f44b2a5 FC |
2587 | zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character |
2588 | class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct | |
2589 | escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope. | |
fc8cd66c | 2590 | |
6df41af2 | 2591 | =item Illegal binary digit %s |
f675dbe5 | 2592 | |
6df41af2 | 2593 | (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number. |
f675dbe5 | 2594 | |
6df41af2 | 2595 | =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored |
a0d0e21e | 2596 | |
be771a83 GS |
2597 | (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a |
2598 | binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the | |
2599 | offending digit. | |
a0d0e21e | 2600 | |
6597eb22 FC |
2601 | =item Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s |
2602 | ||
e4d150f1 FC |
2603 | (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype |
2604 | declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';', | |
2605 | indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@' | |
2606 | or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters. | |
6597eb22 | 2607 | |
b913d0b8 FC |
2608 | =item Illegal character \%o (carriage return) |
2609 | ||
2610 | (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as | |
2611 | it would any other whitespace, which means you should never see | |
2612 | this error when Perl was built using standard options. For some | |
2613 | reason, your version of Perl appears to have been built without | |
2614 | this support. Talk to your Perl administrator. | |
2615 | ||
bb6b75cd | 2616 | =item Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature |
d3d9da4a DM |
2617 | |
2618 | (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected character | |
d4e5761f FC |
2619 | following the C<$>, C<@> or C<%> sigil character. Normally the sigil |
2620 | should be followed by the variable name or C<=> etc. Perhaps you are | |
d3d9da4a DM |
2621 | trying use a prototype while in the scope of C<use feature 'signatures'>? |
2622 | For example: | |
2623 | ||
2624 | sub foo ($$) {} # legal - a prototype | |
2625 | ||
2626 | use feature 'signatures; | |
2627 | sub foo ($$) {} # illegal - was expecting a signature | |
2628 | sub foo ($a, $b) | |
2629 | :prototype($$) {} # legal | |
2630 | ||
2631 | ||
d37a9538 ST |
2632 | =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s |
2633 | ||
197afce1 | 2634 | (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. |
2e9cc7ef | 2635 | Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, \, and +. |
30d9c59b Z |
2636 | Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable |
2637 | that feature first (C<use feature 'signatures'>), so your signature was | |
2638 | instead interpreted as a bad prototype. | |
d37a9538 | 2639 | |
904d85c5 RGS |
2640 | =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine |
2641 | ||
2642 | (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine, | |
6903afa2 | 2643 | you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>. |
904d85c5 | 2644 | |
8e742a20 MHM |
2645 | =item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s |
2646 | ||
6903afa2 | 2647 | (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>. |
8e742a20 | 2648 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2649 | =item Illegal division by zero |
2650 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2651 | (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in |
2652 | your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against | |
2653 | meaningless input. | |
a0d0e21e | 2654 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2655 | =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored |
2656 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2657 | (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or |
2658 | A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal | |
2659 | number stopped before the illegal character. | |
6df41af2 | 2660 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2661 | =item Illegal modulus zero |
2662 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2663 | (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most |
2664 | numbers don't take to this kindly. | |
a0d0e21e | 2665 | |
6df41af2 | 2666 | =item Illegal number of bits in vec |
399388f4 | 2667 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2668 | (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of |
2669 | two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that). | |
399388f4 GS |
2670 | |
2671 | =item Illegal octal digit %s | |
a0d0e21e | 2672 | |
d1be9408 | 2673 | (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number. |
a0d0e21e | 2674 | |
399388f4 | 2675 | =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored |
748a9306 | 2676 | |
d1be9408 | 2677 | (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number. |
75b44862 | 2678 | Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9. |
748a9306 | 2679 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2680 | =item Illegal pattern in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
c608e803 | 2681 | |
675fa9ff | 2682 | (F) You wrote something like |
c608e803 KW |
2683 | |
2684 | (?+foo) | |
2685 | ||
2686 | The C<"+"> is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a | |
2687 | capturing group. See | |
2688 | L<C<(?I<PARNO>)>|perlre/(?PARNO) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) (?R) (?0)>. | |
2689 | ||
375ed12a JH |
2690 | =item Illegal suidscript |
2691 | ||
2692 | (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal. | |
2693 | ||
fe13d51d | 2694 | =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c |
6ff81951 | 2695 | |
6df41af2 | 2696 | (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the |
646ca9b2 | 2697 | following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtw]>. |
6ff81951 | 2698 | |
4003ea29 KW |
2699 | =item Illegal user-defined property name |
2700 | ||
2701 | (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular expression | |
2702 | pattern (using C<\p{}> or C<\P{}>) that Perl knows isn't an official | |
2703 | Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-defined property | |
2704 | name, but it can't be one of those, as they must begin with either C<In> | |
2705 | or C<Is>. Check the spelling. See also | |
2706 | L</Can't find Unicode property definition "%s">. | |
2707 | ||
6df41af2 | 2708 | =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s" |
81e118e0 | 2709 | |
75b44862 | 2710 | (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's |
be771a83 GS |
2711 | internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=> |
2712 | delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored. | |
09bef843 | 2713 | |
6df41af2 | 2714 | =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s| |
54310121 | 2715 | |
be771a83 GS |
2716 | (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical |
2717 | name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and | |
2718 | didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was | |
2719 | ignored. | |
54310121 | 2720 | |
6df41af2 | 2721 | =item (in cleanup) %s |
9607fc9c | 2722 | |
be771a83 GS |
2723 | (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised |
2724 | the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the | |
2725 | system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of | |
2726 | times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that | |
2727 | would otherwise result in the same message being repeated. | |
6df41af2 | 2728 | |
be771a83 GS |
2729 | Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could |
2730 | also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>. | |
9607fc9c | 2731 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2732 | =item Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> |
2733 | in m/%s/ | |
0d0b4b3b | 2734 | |
675fa9ff | 2735 | (F) There was a syntax error within the C<(?[ ])>. This can happen if the |
0d0b4b3b KW |
2736 | expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if there are |
2737 | too many or few operands for the number of operators. Perl is not smart | |
2738 | enough to give you a more precise indication as to what is wrong. | |
2739 | ||
6fbc9859 MH |
2740 | =item Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on |
2741 | parent '%s' | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
2742 | |
2743 | (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not | |
2744 | C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See the C3 | |
2745 | documentation in L<mro> for more information. | |
2746 | ||
cdd6375d MH |
2747 | =item Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter |
2748 | ||
2749 | (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its lines | |
2750 | have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the closing | |
2751 | delimiter. | |
2752 | ||
2753 | For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at least | |
2754 | 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at least 2: | |
2755 | ||
2756 | if ($something) { | |
2757 | print <<~EOF; | |
2758 | Line 1 | |
2759 | Line 2 not | |
2760 | Line 3 | |
2761 | EOF | |
2762 | } | |
2763 | ||
2764 | Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will | |
2765 | not match 8 spaces. | |
2766 | ||
6a2ed79a | 2767 | =item Infinite recursion in regex |
1a147d38 YO |
2768 | |
2769 | (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input | |
6903afa2 | 2770 | text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns |
1a147d38 YO |
2771 | either consume text or fail. |
2772 | ||
6dbe9451 NC |
2773 | =item Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden |
2774 | ||
dca6023d | 2775 | (F) C<state> only permits initializing a single scalar variable, in scalar |
4c9eaea6 FC |
2776 | context. So C<state $a = 42> is allowed, but not C<state ($a) = 42>. To apply |
2777 | state semantics to a hash or array, store a hash or array reference in a | |
2778 | scalar variable. | |
6dbe9451 | 2779 | |
2186f873 FC |
2780 | =item %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s] |
2781 | ||
2782 | (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value slice | |
2783 | (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array. Generally | |
2784 | it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The difference | |
2785 | is that C<$foo[&bar]> always behaves like a scalar, both in the value it | |
2786 | returns and when evaluating its argument, while C<%foo[&bar]> provides | |
2787 | a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things if you're | |
2788 | expecting only one subscript. When called in list context, it also | |
2789 | returns the index (what C<&bar> returns) in addition to the value. | |
2790 | ||
2791 | =item %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s} | |
2792 | ||
2793 | (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice | |
2794 | (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash. Generally it's | |
2795 | better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The difference | |
2796 | is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves like a scalar, both in the value | |
2797 | it returns and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> and | |
2798 | provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things | |
2799 | if you're expecting only one subscript. When called in list context, | |
2800 | it also returns the key in addition to the value. | |
2801 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
2802 | =item Insecure dependency in %s |
2803 | ||
8b1a09fc | 2804 | (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like. |
be771a83 GS |
2805 | The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or |
2806 | setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The | |
2807 | tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly | |
2808 | from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any | |
2809 | such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See | |
2810 | L<perlsec> for more information. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
2811 | |
2812 | =item Insecure directory in %s | |
2813 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2814 | (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or |
2815 | setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by | |
df98f984 RGS |
2816 | the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory. |
2817 | See L<perlsec>. | |
a0d0e21e | 2818 | |
62f468fc | 2819 | =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
2820 | |
2821 | (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or | |
62f468fc | 2822 | setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>, |
332d5f78 SR |
2823 | C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data |
2824 | supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set | |
2825 | the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>. | |
a0d0e21e | 2826 | |
0e9be77f DM |
2827 | =item Insecure user-defined property %s |
2828 | ||
2829 | (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular | |
2830 | expression that contains a call to a user-defined character property | |
2831 | function, i.e. C<\p{IsFoo}> or C<\p{InFoo}>. | |
2832 | See L<perlunicode/User-Defined Character Properties> and L<perlsec>. | |
2833 | ||
b9ef414d FC |
2834 | =item Integer overflow in format string for %s |
2835 | ||
2836 | (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()> | |
2837 | or C<sprintf()> are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of | |
2838 | integers for your architecture. | |
2839 | ||
a7ae9550 GS |
2840 | =item Integer overflow in %s number |
2841 | ||
35928bc5 | 2842 | (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified |
be771a83 GS |
2843 | either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for |
2844 | your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number. | |
2845 | On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number | |
9e24b6e2 JH |
2846 | representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or |
2847 | 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl | |
2848 | transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation | |
2849 | internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent | |
2850 | operations. | |
bbce6d69 | 2851 | |
fc89ca81 FC |
2852 | =item Integer overflow in srand |
2853 | ||
2854 | (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit | |
2855 | in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been | |
2856 | replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit | |
2857 | architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than | |
2858 | you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will | |
2859 | return the same sequence of random numbers. | |
2860 | ||
46314c13 JP |
2861 | =item Integer overflow in version |
2862 | ||
18da5252 FC |
2863 | =item Integer overflow in version %d |
2864 | ||
784d71ed FC |
2865 | (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for |
2866 | the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning | |
f084e84f | 2867 | because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use an |
784d71ed FC |
2868 | element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by trying |
2869 | to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like 100/9. | |
46314c13 | 2870 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2871 | =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6df41af2 GS |
2872 | |
2873 | (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser. | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2874 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
b45f050a JF |
2875 | discovered. |
2876 | ||
748a9306 LW |
2877 | =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks |
2878 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2879 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times |
2880 | you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call | |
2881 | to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see | |
2882 | L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so | |
2883 | Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to | |
2884 | terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command. | |
748a9306 | 2885 | |
870978ae FC |
2886 | =item internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions |
2887 | ||
2888 | (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles C<printf> and C<sprintf> | |
2889 | formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when called from | |
2890 | C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of digits followed | |
2891 | by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use. If you see this | |
2892 | message, then an XS module tried to call that routine with one such | |
2893 | reserved format. | |
2894 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 2895 | =item Internal urp in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 2896 | |
fa816bf3 | 2897 | (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The |
e0e4a6e3 | 2898 | S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
7253e4e3 | 2899 | discovered. |
a0d0e21e | 2900 | |
6df41af2 GS |
2901 | =item %s (...) interpreted as function |
2902 | ||
75b44862 | 2903 | (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator |
be771a83 | 2904 | followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list |
64977eb6 | 2905 | operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See |
13a2d996 | 2906 | L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>. |
6df41af2 | 2907 | |
f51551f7 FC |
2908 | =item In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; |
2909 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
2910 | ||
2911 | (F) The two-character sequence C<"(?"> in this context in a regular | |
2912 | expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing | |
2913 | intervening between the C<"("> and the C<"?">, but you separated them | |
2914 | with whitespace. | |
2915 | ||
09bef843 SB |
2916 | =item Invalid %s attribute: %s |
2917 | ||
a4a4c9e2 | 2918 | (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized |
09bef843 SB |
2919 | by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>. |
2920 | ||
2921 | =item Invalid %s attributes: %s | |
2922 | ||
a4a4c9e2 | 2923 | (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not |
be771a83 | 2924 | recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>. |
09bef843 | 2925 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2926 | =item Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by |
2927 | S<<-- HERE> in '%s | |
225fb84f KW |
2928 | |
2929 | (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with | |
2930 | the C<:alias> option to C<use charnames> and the specified character in | |
2931 | the indicated name isn't valid. See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>. | |
2932 | ||
c8028aa6 TC |
2933 | =item Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s |
2934 | ||
fa3234e3 FC |
2935 | (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system call |
2936 | arguments produce a warning as of 5.20. The parts after the \0 were | |
2937 | formerly ignored by system calls. | |
c8028aa6 | 2938 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2939 | =item Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by S<<-- HERE> in \N{%s} |
a690c7c4 FC |
2940 | |
2941 | (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The | |
2942 | indicated one isn't. See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>. | |
2943 | ||
c635e13b | 2944 | =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s" |
2945 | ||
be771a83 GS |
2946 | (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See |
2947 | L<perlfunc/sprintf>. | |
c635e13b | 2948 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2949 | =item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by |
2950 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
9e08bc66 | 2951 | |
98d31c73 | 2952 | (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example C<\xHH>) of value < 256 |
9e08bc66 TS |
2953 | didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion |
2954 | from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. | |
98d31c73 FC |
2955 | The escape was replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) |
2956 | instead, except within S<C<(?[ ])>>, where it is a fatal error. | |
e0e4a6e3 | 2957 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
9e08bc66 TS |
2958 | escape was discovered. |
2959 | ||
8149aa9f FC |
2960 | =item Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} |
2961 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
2962 | =item Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by |
2963 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
aec0ef10 | 2964 | |
8149aa9f | 2965 | (F) The character constant represented by C<...> is not a valid hexadecimal |
74f8e9e3 FC |
2966 | number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a character other than |
2967 | 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. | |
8149aa9f | 2968 | |
6651ba0b FC |
2969 | =item Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':' |
2970 | ||
2971 | (F) The module argument to perl's B<-m> and B<-M> command-line options | |
2972 | cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the | |
2973 | arguments after "=". In other words, B<-MFoo::Bar=:baz> is ok, but | |
2974 | B<-MFoo:Bar=baz> is not. | |
2975 | ||
2c7d6b9c RGS |
2976 | =item Invalid mro name: '%s' |
2977 | ||
162a3e34 FC |
2978 | (F) You tried to C<mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")> or C<use mro 'foo'>, |
2979 | where C<foo> is not a valid method resolution order (MRO). Currently, | |
2980 | the only valid ones supported are C<dfs> and C<c3>, unless you have loaded | |
2981 | a module that is a MRO plugin. See L<mro> and L<perlmroapi>. | |
2c7d6b9c | 2982 | |
40e4140b FC |
2983 | =item Invalid negative number (%s) in chr |
2984 | ||
2985 | (W utf8) You passed a negative number to C<chr>. Negative numbers are | |
abc0aa9d | 2986 | not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode replacement |
40e4140b FC |
2987 | character (U+FFFD). |
2988 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
2989 | =item Invalid number '%s' for -C option. |
2990 | ||
2991 | (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra leading | |
2992 | zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation. | |
2993 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
2994 | =item invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices |
2995 | ||
8ff21bfe FC |
2996 | (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call perl |
2997 | with the B<-D> option with no flags to see the list of acceptable values. | |
982c4ecb | 2998 | See also L<perlrun/-Dletters>. |
6651ba0b | 2999 | |
6e8a73f2 | 3000 | =item Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
35cd12d1 HS |
3001 | |
3002 | (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or max | |
3003 | could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading zeroes, | |
3004 | or it represents too big a number to cope with. The S<<-- HERE> shows | |
3005 | where in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. | |
3006 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 3007 | =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6df41af2 GS |
3008 | |
3009 | (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character | |
7253e4e3 RK |
3010 | greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the |
3011 | C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3012 | up to C<ff>. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
7253e4e3 | 3013 | problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
6df41af2 | 3014 | |
d1573ac7 | 3015 | =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator |
c2e66d9e GS |
3016 | |
3017 | (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum | |
3018 | character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>. | |
3019 | ||
09bef843 SB |
3020 | =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list |
3021 | ||
0120eecf | 3022 | (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the |
be771a83 GS |
3023 | elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a |
3024 | parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon. | |
3025 | See L<attributes>. | |
09bef843 | 3026 | |
b4581f09 JH |
3027 | =item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s |
3028 | ||
2bfc5f71 FC |
3029 | (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other |
3030 | than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list. | |
b4581f09 JH |
3031 | If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that |
3032 | list was terminated too soon. | |
3033 | ||
2c86d456 DG |
3034 | =item Invalid strict version format (%s) |
3035 | ||
fa816bf3 | 3036 | (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for versions. |
2c86d456 DG |
3037 | A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or |
3038 | decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal | |
3039 | v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least three components. | |
a6485a24 | 3040 | The parenthesized text indicates which criteria were not met. |
2c86d456 DG |
3041 | See the L<version> module for more details on allowed version formats. |
3042 | ||
49704364 | 3043 | =item Invalid type '%s' in %s |
96e4d5b1 | 3044 | |
49704364 WL |
3045 | (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. |
3046 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
6728c851 | 3047 | |
49704364 | 3048 | (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be |
75b44862 | 3049 | silently ignored. |
96e4d5b1 | 3050 | |
2c86d456 DG |
3051 | =item Invalid version format (%s) |
3052 | ||
fa816bf3 | 3053 | (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions. |
2c86d456 DG |
3054 | A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or |
3055 | decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal | |
fa816bf3 FC |
3056 | v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it |
3057 | must have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is | |
3058 | optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a | |
3059 | trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character | |
3060 | after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized | |
3061 | text indicates which criteria were not met. See the L<version> module | |
3062 | for more details on allowed version formats. | |
46314c13 | 3063 | |
798ae1b7 DG |
3064 | =item Invalid version object |
3065 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
3066 | (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid. |
3067 | Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or | |
3068 | an arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class. | |
798ae1b7 | 3069 | |
cd209d9d | 3070 | =item In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; |
e0e4a6e3 | 3071 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff | 3072 | |
cd209d9d | 3073 | (F) The two-character sequence C<"(*"> in |
675fa9ff FC |
3074 | this context in a regular expression pattern should be an |
3075 | indivisible token, with nothing intervening between the C<"("> | |
cd209d9d | 3076 | and the C<"*">, but you separated them. |
675fa9ff | 3077 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3078 | =item ioctl is not implemented |
3079 | ||
3080 | (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty | |
3081 | strange for a machine that supports C. | |
3082 | ||
c289d2f7 JH |
3083 | =item ioctl() on unopened %s |
3084 | ||
3085 | (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened. | |
34b6fd5e | 3086 | Check your control flow and number of arguments. |
c289d2f7 | 3087 | |
fe13d51d | 3088 | =item IO layers (like '%s') unavailable |
363c40c4 SB |
3089 | |
3090 | (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore | |
34b6fd5e | 3091 | you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured |
363c40c4 SB |
3092 | with 'useperlio'. |
3093 | ||
80cbd5ad JH |
3094 | =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture |
3095 | ||
3096 | (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality, | |
34b6fd5e | 3097 | neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK). |
80cbd5ad | 3098 | |
6e8a73f2 | 3099 | =item '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
64935bc6 KW |
3100 | |
3101 | (F) You used C<\b{...}> or C<\B{...}> and the C<...> is not known to | |
3102 | Perl. The current valid ones are given in | |
3103 | L<perlrebackslash/\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B>. | |
3104 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
3105 | =item %s() is deprecated on :utf8 handles |
3106 | ||
dd6d5da4 | 3107 | (D deprecated) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send() operators are |
74d1b2e4 FC |
3108 | deprecated on handles that have the C<:utf8> layer, either explicitly, or |
3109 | implicitly, eg., with the C<:encoding(UTF-16LE)> layer. | |
3110 | ||
3111 | Both sysread() and recv() currently use only the C<:utf8> flag for the stream, | |
3112 | ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and recv() do no UTF-8 | |
3113 | validation they can end up creating invalidly encoded scalars. | |
3114 | ||
3115 | Similarly, syswrite() and send() use only the C<:utf8> flag, otherwise ignoring | |
3116 | any layers. If the flag is set, both write the value UTF-8 encoded, even if | |
3117 | the layer is some different encoding, such as the example above. | |
3118 | ||
3119 | Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the C<:utf8> state, | |
3120 | working only with bytes, but this would result in silently breaking existing | |
3121 | code. To avoid this a future version of perl will throw an exception when | |
3122 | any of sysread(), recv(), syswrite() or send() are called on handle with the | |
3123 | C<:utf8> layer. | |
3124 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 3125 | =item "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
acdfc3b6 KW |
3126 | |
3127 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>> or within C<(?[...])>) | |
3128 | ||
3129 | You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing it, | |
3130 | and which is also portable to platforms running with different character | |
3131 | sets. | |
3132 | ||
ccf3535a | 3133 | =item '%s' is not a code reference |
6ad11d81 | 3134 | |
6903afa2 FC |
3135 | (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of |
3136 | overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either | |
3137 | an anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine. | |
6ad11d81 | 3138 | |
ccf3535a | 3139 | =item '%s' is not an overloadable type |
6ad11d81 | 3140 | |
04a80ee0 RGS |
3141 | (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is |
3142 | unaware of. | |
6ad11d81 | 3143 | |
5a25739d FC |
3144 | =item -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN |
3145 | ||
3146 | (S inplace) The C<-i> option was passed on the command line, indicating | |
3147 | that the script is intended to edit files in place, but no files were | |
3148 | given. This is usually a mistake, since editing STDIN in place doesn't | |
3149 | make sense, and can be confusing because it can make perl look like | |
3150 | it is hanging when it is really just trying to read from STDIN. You | |
3151 | should either pass a filename to edit, or remove C<-i> from the command | |
3152 | line. See L<perlrun> for more details. | |
3153 | ||
aec0ef10 | 3154 | =item Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e LW |
3155 | |
3156 | (P) The regular expression parser is confused. | |
3157 | ||
3158 | =item Label not found for "last %s" | |
3159 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3160 | (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop |
3161 | of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See | |
3162 | L<perlfunc/last>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3163 | |
3164 | =item Label not found for "next %s" | |
3165 | ||
3166 | (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of | |
3167 | that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See | |
3168 | L<perlfunc/last>. | |
3169 | ||
3170 | =item Label not found for "redo %s" | |
3171 | ||
3172 | (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of | |
3173 | that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See | |
3174 | L<perlfunc/last>. | |
3175 | ||
85ab1d1d | 3176 | =item leaving effective %s failed |
5ff3f7a4 | 3177 | |
85ab1d1d | 3178 | (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and |
5ff3f7a4 GS |
3179 | effective uids or gids failed. |
3180 | ||
49704364 WL |
3181 | =item length/code after end of string in unpack |
3182 | ||
d7f8936a | 3183 | (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack |
6903afa2 FC |
3184 | length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in |
3185 | an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
49704364 | 3186 | |
25e26107 | 3187 | =item length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?) |
e508c8a4 | 3188 | |
0d46a4e7 FC |
3189 | (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you |
3190 | probably wanted a count of the items. | |
e508c8a4 MH |
3191 | |
3192 | Array size can be obtained by doing: | |
3193 | ||
3194 | scalar(@array); | |
3195 | ||
3196 | The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing: | |
3197 | ||
3198 | scalar(keys %hash); | |
3199 | ||
f0e67a1d Z |
3200 | =item Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input |
3201 | ||
d4fe7078 RS |
3202 | (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current parse |
3203 | (using L<lex_stuff_pvn|perlapi/lex_stuff_pvn> or similar), but tried to insert a character that | |
3204 | couldn't be part of the current input. This is an inherent pitfall | |
3205 | of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons to avoid it. Where | |
6903afa2 | 3206 | it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain ASCII is recommended. |
f0e67a1d Z |
3207 | |
3208 | =item Lexing code internal error (%s) | |
3209 | ||
3210 | (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API in a | |
3211 | detectable way. | |
3212 | ||
69282e91 | 3213 | =item listen() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 3214 | |
be771a83 GS |
3215 | (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget |
3216 | to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
3217 | L<perlfunc/listen>. | |
a0d0e21e | 3218 | |
6651ba0b FC |
3219 | =item List form of piped open not implemented |
3220 | ||
3221 | (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments | |
3222 | form of C<open> does not support pipes, such as C<open($pipe, '|-', @args)>. | |
3223 | Use the two-argument C<open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')> form instead. | |
3224 | ||
dc6bb7ba FC |
3225 | =item %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake key %p, needed %p) |
3226 | ||
3227 | (P) A dynamic loading library C<.so> or C<.dll> was being loaded into the | |
3228 | process that was built against a different build of perl than the | |
3229 | said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module will | |
3230 | likely fix this error. | |
3231 | ||
8c6180a9 KW |
3232 | =item Locale '%s' may not work well.%s |
3233 | ||
780fcc9f | 3234 | (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8 one, and |
dae67c56 KW |
3235 | which perl has determined is not fully compatible with what it can |
3236 | handle. The second C<%s> gives a reason. | |
8c6180a9 KW |
3237 | |
3238 | By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in it | |
3239 | that are represented by more than one byte. The only such locales that | |
3240 | Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely the specified locale | |
3241 | is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language such as Chinese or | |
3242 | Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII, the ASCII portion of it | |
780fcc9f | 3243 | may work in Perl. |
8c6180a9 KW |
3244 | |
3245 | Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII, mainly | |
3246 | those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449, can also have | |
3247 | problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII character set get | |
3248 | changed by the locale and are also used by the program. | |
3249 | The warning message lists the determinable conflicting characters. | |
3250 | ||
780fcc9f KW |
3251 | Note that not all incompatibilities are found. |
3252 | ||
3253 | If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch to use a | |
3254 | different locale or use L<Encode> to translate from the locale into | |
3255 | UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned that some things | |
3256 | may break. | |
3257 | ||
3258 | This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into | |
3259 | within the scope of C<S<use locale>>, or on the first possibly-affected | |
3260 | operation if the C<S<use locale>> inherits a bad one. It is not raised | |
3261 | for any operations from the L<POSIX> module. | |
3262 | ||
a2162cd9 FC |
3263 | =item localtime(%f) failed |
3264 | ||
3265 | (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that it could not handle: | |
3266 | too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is C<undef>. | |
3267 | ||
3268 | =item localtime(%f) too large | |
3269 | ||
3270 | (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was larger | |
3271 | than it can reliably handle and C<localtime> probably returned the | |
3272 | wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special | |
3273 | not-a-number value). | |
3274 | ||
3275 | =item localtime(%f) too small | |
3276 | ||
3277 | (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was smaller | |
3278 | than it can reliably handle and C<localtime> probably returned the | |
3279 | wrong date. | |
3280 | ||
58e23c8d | 3281 | =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/ |
b45f050a JF |
3282 | |
3283 | (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can | |
6903afa2 | 3284 | handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. |
2e50fd82 | 3285 | |
b88df990 NC |
3286 | =item Lost precision when %s %f by 1 |
3287 | ||
e63e8a91 FC |
3288 | (W imprecision) The value you attempted to increment or decrement by one |
3289 | is too large for the underlying floating point representation to store | |
3290 | accurately, hence the target of C<++> or C<--> is unchanged. Perl issues this | |
3291 | warning because it has already switched from integers to floating point | |
3292 | when values are too large for integers, and now even floating point is | |
3293 | insufficient. You may wish to switch to using L<Math::BigInt> explicitly. | |
b88df990 | 3294 | |
93fad930 | 3295 | =item lstat() on filehandle%s |
2f7da168 RK |
3296 | |
3297 | (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean | |
3298 | by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat() | |
3299 | instead on the filehandle.) | |
3300 | ||
345d70e3 | 3301 | =item lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine |
bb3abb05 | 3302 | |
345d70e3 FC |
3303 | (W misc) Although L<attributes.pm|attributes> allows this, turning the lvalue |
3304 | attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined | |
3305 | does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you | |
3306 | want, depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact | |
3307 | details subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this | |
3308 | if you really know what you are doing. | |
bb3abb05 | 3309 | |
885ef6f5 GG |
3310 | =item lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined |
3311 | ||
345d70e3 FC |
3312 | (W misc) Using the C<:lvalue> declarative syntax to make a Perl |
3313 | subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is | |
3314 | not permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, | |
3315 | add the lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the C<sub | |
3316 | foo :lvalue;> declaration before the definition. | |
3317 | ||
3318 | See also L<attributes.pm|attributes>. | |
885ef6f5 | 3319 | |
6f1b3ab0 FC |
3320 | =item Magical list constants are not supported |
3321 | ||
3322 | (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried | |
3323 | to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to do | |
3324 | something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl versions. | |
3325 | ||
2db62bbc | 3326 | =item Malformed integer in [] in pack |
49704364 | 3327 | |
2db62bbc | 3328 | (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits |
49704364 WL |
3329 | are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
3330 | ||
3331 | =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack | |
3332 | ||
2db62bbc | 3333 | (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits |
49704364 WL |
3334 | are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
3335 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
3336 | =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX |
3337 | ||
3338 | (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form | |
3339 | ||
3340 | prefix1;prefix2 | |
3341 | ||
3342 | or | |
6df41af2 GS |
3343 | prefix1 prefix2 |
3344 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3345 | with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of |
3346 | a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may | |
3347 | appear if components are not found, or are too long. See | |
fecfaeb8 | 3348 | "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>. |
6df41af2 | 3349 | |
2f758a16 ST |
3350 | =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s |
3351 | ||
d37a9538 ST |
3352 | (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The |
3353 | syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for | |
3354 | obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run | |
3355 | when the function is called. | |
30d9c59b Z |
3356 | Perhaps the function's author was trying to write a subroutine signature |
3357 | but didn't enable that feature first (C<use feature 'signatures'>), | |
3358 | so the signature was instead interpreted as a bad prototype. | |
2f758a16 | 3359 | |
2b5e7bc2 | 3360 | =item Malformed UTF-8 character%s |
ba210ebe | 3361 | |
7cf8d05d KW |
3362 | (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't |
3363 | comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose | |
3364 | ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current | |
3365 | platform (overflows). Details as to the exact malformation are given in | |
3366 | the variable, C<%s>, part of the message. | |
ba210ebe | 3367 | |
2575c402 JW |
3368 | One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data that |
3369 | you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy | |
6903afa2 | 3370 | 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use Encode::decode_utf8. |
2575c402 JW |
3371 | |
3372 | If you use the C<:encoding(UTF-8)> PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte | |
3373 | sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use C<:utf8>, the flag is | |
3374 | set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error | |
3375 | message. | |
3376 | ||
3377 | See also L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">. | |
901b21bf | 3378 | |
107160e2 KW |
3379 | =item Malformed UTF-8 character immediately after '%s' |
3380 | ||
3381 | (F) You said C<use utf8>, but the program file doesn't comply with UTF-8 | |
3382 | encoding rules. The message prints out the properly encoded characters | |
3383 | just before the first bad one. If C<utf8> warnings are enabled, a | |
3384 | warning is generated that gives more details about the type of | |
3385 | malformation. | |
3386 | ||
bde9e88d | 3387 | =item Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s' |
ff3f963a KW |
3388 | |
3389 | (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8. | |
3390 | ||
4a5d3a93 FC |
3391 | =item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack |
3392 | ||
3393 | (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding | |
3394 | rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. | |
3395 | ||
f337b084 TH |
3396 | =item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack |
3397 | ||
3398 | (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding | |
3399 | rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. | |
3400 | ||
3401 | =item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack | |
3402 | ||
3403 | (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding | |
3404 | rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. | |
3405 | ||
4a5d3a93 | 3406 | =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate |
f337b084 | 3407 | |
4a5d3a93 FC |
3408 | (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while |
3409 | doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate. | |
3410 | ||
30d9c59b Z |
3411 | =item Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter |
3412 | ||
3413 | (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a = undef, | |
3414 | $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one mandatory. | |
3415 | Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's impossible for the | |
3416 | caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later one. If you want to act | |
3417 | as if the parameters are filled from right to left, declare the rightmost | |
3418 | optional and then shuffle the parameters around in the subroutine's body. | |
3419 | ||
2d88a86a KW |
3420 | =item Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may |
3421 | not be portable | |
3422 | ||
3423 | (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of | |
3424 | Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is storable | |
3425 | in an unsigned integer on your system, but these may not be accepted by | |
3426 | other languages/systems. This message occurs when you matched a string | |
3427 | containing such a code point against a regular expression pattern, and | |
3428 | the code point was matched against a Unicode property, C<\p{...}> or | |
3429 | C<\P{...}>. Unicode properties are only defined on Unicode code points, | |
3430 | so the result of this match is undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting | |
3431 | in v5.20) treats non-Unicode code points as if they were typical | |
3432 | unassigned Unicode ones, and matched this one accordingly. Whether a | |
3433 | given property matches these code points or not is specified in | |
3434 | L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}>. | |
3435 | ||
3436 | This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is | |
3437 | immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode or | |
3438 | not. For example, the property C<\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}> only can match | |
3439 | the 22 characters C<[0-9A-Fa-f]>, so obviously all other code points, | |
3440 | Unicode or not, won't match it. (And C<\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}> will match | |
3441 | every code point except these 22.) | |
3442 | ||
3443 | Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match arguably | |
3444 | should have been the opposite of what actually happened. If you think | |
3445 | that is the case, you may wish to make the C<non_unicode> warnings | |
3446 | category fatal; if you agree with Perl's decision, you may wish to turn | |
3447 | off this category. | |
3448 | ||
3449 | See L<perlunicode/Beyond Unicode code points> for more information. | |
3450 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
3451 | =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
3452 | m/%s/ | |
4a5d3a93 FC |
3453 | |
3454 | (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3455 | regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The S<<-- HERE> |
9e3ec65c | 3456 | shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered. |
4a5d3a93 | 3457 | See L<perlre>. |
f337b084 | 3458 | |
de42a5a9 | 3459 | =item Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded |
2563cec5 | 3460 | |
6903afa2 | 3461 | (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This |
2563cec5 IZ |
3462 | usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals |
3463 | too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from | |
3464 | resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals | |
6903afa2 | 3465 | safely. (See L<perlipc/"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)">.) |
2563cec5 | 3466 | |
25f58aea PN |
3467 | =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word |
3468 | ||
3469 | (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4 | |
3470 | interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is | |
3471 | "use" or "my". | |
3472 | ||
0d2487cd | 3473 | =item '%' may not be used in pack |
6df41af2 GS |
3474 | |
3475 | (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the | |
be771a83 GS |
3476 | checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way. |
3477 | See L<perlfunc/unpack>. | |
6df41af2 | 3478 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3479 | =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing |
3480 | ||
3481 | (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that | |
e7ea3e70 | 3482 | doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>. |
a0d0e21e | 3483 | |
3cdd684c TP |
3484 | =item Method %s not permitted |
3485 | ||
3de20fbe | 3486 | See L</500 Server error>. |
3cdd684c | 3487 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3488 | =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d |
3489 | ||
3490 | (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused | |
3491 | by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually | |
3492 | ended earlier on the current line. | |
3493 | ||
3494 | =item Misplaced _ in number | |
3495 | ||
d4ced10d JH |
3496 | (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not |
3497 | separate two digits. | |
a0d0e21e | 3498 | |
7baa4690 HS |
3499 | =item Missing argument in %s |
3500 | ||
3664866e AB |
3501 | (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other |
3502 | arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. | |
3503 | ||
3504 | Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more | |
3505 | arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for | |
3506 | other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to | |
3507 | functions are missing, e.g. for the L<perlfunc/pack> function. | |
7baa4690 | 3508 | |
9e81e6a1 RGS |
3509 | =item Missing argument to -%c |
3510 | ||
3511 | (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow | |
3512 | immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces. | |
3513 | ||
ff3f963a | 3514 | =item Missing braces on \N{} |
423cee85 | 3515 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3516 | =item Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
aec0ef10 | 3517 | |
4a2d328f | 3518 | (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within |
532cb70d FC |
3519 | double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space |
3520 | (or comment) between the C<\N> and the C<{> in a regex with the C</x> modifier. | |
3521 | This modifier does not change the requirement that the brace immediately | |
3522 | follow the C<\N>. | |
423cee85 | 3523 | |
f0a2b745 KW |
3524 | =item Missing braces on \o{} |
3525 | ||
3526 | (F) A C<\o> must be followed immediately by a C<{> in double-quotish context. | |
3527 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3528 | =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function |
3529 | ||
3530 | (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an | |
3531 | "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them. | |
3532 | ||
06eaf0bc GS |
3533 | =item Missing command in piped open |
3534 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3535 | (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or |
3536 | C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or | |
3537 | blank. | |
06eaf0bc | 3538 | |
961ce445 RGS |
3539 | =item Missing control char name in \c |
3540 | ||
3541 | (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control | |
3542 | character name. | |
3543 | ||
591f5ca2 FC |
3544 | =item Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s |
3545 | ||
bfe11873 | 3546 | (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with C<[> but never closed with C<]>. |
591f5ca2 | 3547 | |
8767b1ab | 3548 | =item Missing name in "%s sub" |
6df41af2 | 3549 | |
87444db5 | 3550 | (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that |
be771a83 | 3551 | they have a name with which they can be found. |
6df41af2 GS |
3552 | |
3553 | =item Missing $ on loop variable | |
3554 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3555 | (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables |
3556 | are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it | |
3557 | can vary from one line to the next. | |
6df41af2 | 3558 | |
cc507455 | 3559 | =item (Missing operator before %s?) |
748a9306 | 3560 | |
56da5a46 RGS |
3561 | (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message |
3562 | "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma. | |
748a9306 | 3563 | |
33fe1955 | 3564 | =item Missing or undefined argument to %s |
f51551f7 | 3565 | |
33fe1955 | 3566 | (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an undefined |
f51551f7 | 3567 | value as an argument. Require expects either a package name or a |
33fe1955 LM |
3568 | file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename. See |
3569 | L<perlfunc/require EXPR> and L<perlfunc/do EXPR>. | |
f51551f7 | 3570 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3571 | =item Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ab13f0c7 | 3572 | |
ff3f963a KW |
3573 | (F) Missing right brace in C<\x{...}>, C<\p{...}>, C<\P{...}>, or C<\N{...}>. |
3574 | ||
605eee60 | 3575 | =item Missing right brace on \N{} |
faad849d | 3576 | |
4a68bf9d | 3577 | =item Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N |
ff3f963a | 3578 | |
d32207c9 FC |
3579 | (F) C<\N> has two meanings. |
3580 | ||
3581 | The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces, | |
3582 | meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that | |
fa816bf3 | 3583 | name. Thus C<\N{ASTERISK}> is another way of writing C<*>, valid in both |
d32207c9 FC |
3584 | double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In patterns, |
3585 | it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped C<*> does. | |
3586 | ||
3587 | Starting in Perl 5.12.0, C<\N> also can have an additional meaning (only) | |
3588 | in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This is short | |
3589 | for C<[^\n]>, and like C<.> but is not affected by the C</s> regex modifier.) | |
3590 | ||
3591 | This can lead to some ambiguities. When C<\N> is not followed immediately | |
3592 | by a left brace, Perl assumes the C<[^\n]> meaning. Also, if the braces | |
3593 | form a valid quantifier such as C<\N{3}> or C<\N{5,}>, Perl assumes that this | |
3594 | means to match the given quantity of non-newlines (in these examples, | |
3595 | 3; and 5 or more, respectively). In all other case, where there is a | |
3596 | C<\N{> and a matching C<}>, Perl assumes that a character name is desired. | |
3597 | ||
3598 | However, if there is no matching C<}>, Perl doesn't know if it was | |
3599 | mistakenly omitted, or if C<[^\n]{> was desired, and raises this error. | |
3600 | If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant the latter, | |
3601 | escape the brace with a backslash, like so: C<\N\{> | |
ab13f0c7 | 3602 | |
d98d5fff | 3603 | =item Missing right curly or square bracket |
a0d0e21e | 3604 | |
be771a83 GS |
3605 | (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing |
3606 | ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you | |
3607 | were last editing. | |
a0d0e21e | 3608 | |
6df41af2 GS |
3609 | =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?) |
3610 | ||
56da5a46 RGS |
3611 | (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message |
3612 | "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on | |
6df41af2 GS |
3613 | the previous line just because you saw this message. |
3614 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3615 | =item Modification of a read-only value attempted |
3616 | ||
3617 | (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a | |
5f05dabc | 3618 | constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler |
a0d0e21e LW |
3619 | catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is: |
3620 | ||
3621 | sub mod { $_[0] = 1 } | |
3622 | mod(2); | |
3623 | ||
3624 | Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string. | |
3625 | ||
c5674021 |
3626 | Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR> |
3627 | is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>: | |
3628 | ||
b7e4ecc1 FC |
3629 | $x = 1; |
3630 | foreach my $n ($x, 2) { | |
3631 | $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to | |
3632 | } # modify the 2 | |
c5674021 | 3633 | |
7a4340ed | 3634 | =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
3635 | |
3636 | (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the | |
3637 | subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array | |
3638 | backwards. | |
3639 | ||
7a4340ed | 3640 | =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s |
a0d0e21e | 3641 | |
be771a83 GS |
3642 | (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it |
3643 | couldn't be created for some peculiar reason. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3644 | |
3645 | =item Module name must be constant | |
3646 | ||
3647 | (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use". | |
3648 | ||
be98fb35 | 3649 | =item Module name required with -%c option |
6df41af2 | 3650 | |
be98fb35 GS |
3651 | (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but |
3652 | you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details | |
3653 | about C<-M> and C<-m>. | |
6df41af2 | 3654 | |
fe13d51d | 3655 | =item More than one argument to '%s' open |
ed9aa3b7 | 3656 | |
6903afa2 | 3657 | (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This |
ed9aa3b7 SG |
3658 | can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a |
3659 | list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode. | |
3660 | See L<perlfunc/open> for details. | |
3661 | ||
85396b18 FC |
3662 | =item mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d |
3663 | ||
3664 | (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see | |
3665 | L<perlguts/"Copy on Write">), but a shared string buffer | |
3666 | could not be made read-only. | |
3667 | ||
92951bce FC |
3668 | =item mprotect for %p %u failed with %d |
3669 | ||
85396b18 FC |
3670 | (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see L<perlhacktips>), |
3671 | but an op tree could not be made read-only. | |
3672 | ||
3673 | =item mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d | |
3674 | ||
3675 | (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see | |
3676 | L<perlguts/"Copy on Write">), but a read-only shared string | |
3677 | buffer could not be made mutable. | |
3678 | ||
92951bce FC |
3679 | =item mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d |
3680 | ||
3681 | (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see | |
85396b18 FC |
3682 | L<perlhacktips>), but a read-only op tree could not be made |
3683 | mutable before freeing the ops. | |
92951bce | 3684 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3685 | =item msg%s not implemented |
3686 | ||
3687 | (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system. | |
3688 | ||
3689 | =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported | |
3690 | ||
75b44862 GS |
3691 | (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>. |
3692 | They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C. | |
8b1a09fc | 3693 | |
d3d9da4a DM |
3694 | =item Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed |
3695 | ||
3696 | (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter (C<@> or C<%>) must be | |
3697 | the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them; for | |
3698 | example: | |
3699 | ||
3700 | sub foo ($a, @b) {} # legal | |
3701 | sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid | |
3702 | ||
49704364 | 3703 | =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack |
6df41af2 | 3704 | |
49704364 WL |
3705 | (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not |
3706 | follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value. | |
3707 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
6df41af2 | 3708 | |
c869951c | 3709 | =item %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator |
f4240379 KW |
3710 | |
3711 | (F) Transliteration (C<tr///> and C<y///>) transliterates individual | |
3712 | characters. But a named sequence by definition is more than an | |
3713 | individual charater, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't make | |
3714 | sense. | |
3715 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
3716 | =item "my sub" not yet implemented |
3717 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3718 | (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try |
3719 | that yet. | |
6df41af2 | 3720 | |
a21eb52b FC |
3721 | =item "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package |
3722 | ||
3723 | (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't make | |
3724 | sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. | |
3725 | ||
5a25739d FC |
3726 | =item "my %s" used in sort comparison |
3727 | ||
3728 | (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort comparisons. | |
3729 | You used $a or $b in as an operand to the C<< <=> >> or C<cmp> operator inside a | |
3730 | sort comparison block, and the variable had earlier been declared as a | |
3731 | lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the package | |
3732 | name, or rename the lexical variable. | |
3733 | ||
fd1b7234 | 3734 | =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package |
6df41af2 | 3735 | |
be771a83 GS |
3736 | (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make |
3737 | sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use | |
3738 | local() if you want to localize a package variable. | |
09bef843 | 3739 | |
8149aa9f FC |
3740 | =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo |
3741 | ||
c59aba6c FC |
3742 | (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable |
3743 | names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then | |
3744 | just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> | |
08a33b6b | 3745 | declaration is also provided for this purpose. |
c59aba6c | 3746 | |
66a1f5ec FC |
3747 | NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used |
3748 | only once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this | |
3749 | warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c, | |
3750 | %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or | |
c59aba6c FC |
3751 | format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once |
3752 | but also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning. | |
3753 | Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special | |
3754 | identifiers (q.v. L<perldata>) are exempt from this warning. | |
8149aa9f | 3755 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3756 | =item Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
0d0b4b3b KW |
3757 | |
3758 | (F) Within S<C<(?[ ])>>, all constants interpreted as octal need to be | |
3759 | exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If your | |
3760 | constant is too short, add leading zeros, like | |
3761 | ||
3762 | (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error! | |
3763 | (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works | |
3764 | (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer | |
3765 | ||
3766 | The maximum number this construct can express is C<\777>. If you | |
675fa9ff FC |
3767 | need a larger one, you need to use L<\o{}|perlrebackslash/Octal escapes> instead. If you meant |
3768 | two separate things, you need to separate them: | |
0d0b4b3b KW |
3769 | |
3770 | (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error! | |
3771 | (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning | |
3772 | (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning | |
3773 | (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another | |
3774 | ||
49704364 WL |
3775 | =item Negative '/' count in unpack |
3776 | ||
3777 | (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was | |
3778 | negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
3779 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3780 | =item Negative length |
3781 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3782 | (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer |
3783 | length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine. | |
a0d0e21e | 3784 | |
ed9aa3b7 SG |
3785 | =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context |
3786 | ||
3787 | (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be | |
3788 | greater than or equal to zero. | |
3789 | ||
b3211734 KW |
3790 | =item Negative repeat count does nothing |
3791 | ||
3792 | (W numeric) You tried to execute the | |
3793 | L<C<x>|perlop/Multiplicative Operators> repetition operator fewer than 0 | |
3794 | times, which doesn't make sense. | |
3795 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 3796 | =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e | 3797 | |
6903afa2 | 3798 | (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. |
e0e4a6e3 | 3799 | So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The S<<-- HERE> shows |
9e3ec65c | 3800 | whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered. |
a0d0e21e | 3801 | |
7253e4e3 | 3802 | Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and |
be771a83 | 3803 | C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>. |
a0d0e21e | 3804 | |
6df41af2 | 3805 | =item %s never introduced |
a0d0e21e | 3806 | |
be771a83 GS |
3807 | (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of |
3808 | scope before it could possibly have been used. | |
a0d0e21e | 3809 | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
3810 | =item next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method |
3811 | ||
3812 | (F) C<next::method> needs to be called within the context of a | |
3813 | real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context. | |
3814 | See L<mro>. | |
3815 | ||
5a25739d | 3816 | =item \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex; |
e0e4a6e3 | 3817 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
5a25739d | 3818 | |
32a77fbe FC |
3819 | (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of C<\N> as C<[^\n]> is not valid in a |
3820 | bracketed character class, for the same reason that C<.> in a character | |
3821 | class loses its specialness: it matches almost everything, which is | |
3822 | probably not what you want. | |
5a25739d | 3823 | |
022a330c | 3824 | =item \N{} in inverted character class or as a range end-point is restricted to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ |
0b4ce96d | 3825 | |
f3ba6905 FC |
3826 | (F) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a |
3827 | multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is | |
3828 | supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the | |
3829 | whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted (C<[^...]>), | |
3830 | or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a range. The | |
3831 | mathematically logical behavior for what matches when inverting | |
3832 | is very different from what people expect, so we have decided to | |
3833 | forbid it. Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the | |
3834 | C<\N{...}> is used as one of the end points of the range, such as in | |
8f0cd35a KW |
3835 | |
3836 | [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}] | |
3837 | ||
f3ba6905 FC |
3838 | What is meant here is unclear, as the C<\N{...}> escape is a sequence |
3839 | of code points, so this is made an error. | |
0b4ce96d | 3840 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
3841 | =item \N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer in regex; marked by |
3842 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
5a25739d FC |
3843 | |
3844 | (F) When compiling a regex pattern, an unresolved named character or | |
3845 | sequence was encountered. This can happen in any of several ways that | |
3846 | bypass the lexer, such as using single-quotish context, or an extra | |
3847 | backslash in double-quotish: | |
3848 | ||
3849 | $re = '\N{SPACE}'; # Wrong! | |
3850 | $re = "\\N{SPACE}"; # Wrong! | |
3851 | /$re/; | |
3852 | ||
3853 | Instead, use double-quotes with a single backslash: | |
3854 | ||
3855 | $re = "\N{SPACE}"; # ok | |
3856 | /$re/; | |
3857 | ||
3858 | The lexer can be bypassed as well by creating the pattern from smaller | |
3859 | components: | |
3860 | ||
3861 | $re = '\N'; | |
3862 | /${re}{SPACE}/; # Wrong! | |
3863 | ||
3864 | It's not a good idea to split a construct in the middle like this, and | |
3865 | it doesn't work here. Instead use the solution above. | |
3866 | ||
3867 | Finally, the message also can happen under the C</x> regex modifier when the | |
3868 | C<\N> is separated by spaces from the C<{>, in which case, remove the spaces. | |
3869 | ||
3870 | /\N {SPACE}/x; # Wrong! | |
3871 | /\N{SPACE}/x; # ok | |
3872 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3873 | =item No %s allowed while running setuid |
3874 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3875 | (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or |
3876 | setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there | |
3877 | will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least | |
3878 | securable. See L<perlsec>. | |
a0d0e21e | 3879 | |
6651ba0b FC |
3880 | =item No code specified for -%c |
3881 | ||
3882 | (F) Perl's B<-e> and B<-E> command-line options require an argument. If | |
3883 | you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a separate | |
3884 | argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1: | |
3885 | ||
3886 | perl -e "" | |
3887 | perl -e0 | |
3888 | perl -e1 | |
3889 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
3890 | =item No comma allowed after %s |
3891 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
3892 | (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is |
3893 | not allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3894 | Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments. |
3895 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
3896 | One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported |
3897 | a constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such | |
3898 | importing took place, it may for example be that your operating | |
3899 | system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did | |
3900 | use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to see; | |
3901 | please see L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an | |
3902 | explicit import list would probably have caught this error earlier | |
3903 | it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating system | |
3904 | still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo in | |
3905 | the constants of the symbol import list of B<use> or B<import> or in the | |
3906 | constant name at the line where this error was triggered? | |
0a753a76 | 3907 | |
748a9306 LW |
3908 | =item No command into which to pipe on command line |
3909 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3910 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
3911 | redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it | |
3912 | doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command. | |
748a9306 | 3913 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3914 | =item No DB::DB routine defined |
3915 | ||
be771a83 | 3916 | (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but |
f7af5ce1 | 3917 | for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::> |
ccafdc96 RGS |
3918 | module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each |
3919 | statement. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
3920 | |
3921 | =item No dbm on this machine | |
3922 | ||
3923 | (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should | |
5f05dabc | 3924 | supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>. |
a0d0e21e | 3925 | |
ccafdc96 | 3926 | =item No DB::sub routine defined |
a0d0e21e | 3927 | |
ccafdc96 RGS |
3928 | (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but |
3929 | for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::> | |
3930 | module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning | |
3931 | of each ordinary subroutine call. | |
a0d0e21e | 3932 | |
6651ba0b FC |
3933 | =item No directory specified for -I |
3934 | ||
3935 | (F) The B<-I> command-line switch requires a directory name as part of the | |
3936 | I<same> argument. Use B<-Ilib>, for instance. B<-I lib> won't work. | |
3937 | ||
c47ff5f1 | 3938 | =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line |
748a9306 | 3939 | |
be771a83 GS |
3940 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
3941 | redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't | |
3942 | find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr. | |
748a9306 | 3943 | |
49704364 WL |
3944 | =item No group ending character '%c' found in template |
3945 | ||
3946 | (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its | |
6903afa2 | 3947 | matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
49704364 | 3948 | |
c47ff5f1 | 3949 | =item No input file after < on command line |
748a9306 | 3950 | |
be771a83 GS |
3951 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
3952 | redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the | |
3953 | name of the file from which to read data for stdin. | |
748a9306 | 3954 | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
3955 | =item No next::method '%s' found for %s |
3956 | ||
3957 | (F) C<next::method> found no further instances of this method name | |
3958 | in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't want | |
3959 | it throwing an exception, use C<maybe::next::method> | |
fa816bf3 | 3960 | or C<next::can>. See L<mro>. |
2c7d6b9c | 3961 | |
02a7a248 JH |
3962 | =item Non-finite repeat count does nothing |
3963 | ||
3964 | (W numeric) You tried to execute the | |
8a737443 FC |
3965 | L<C<x>|perlop/Multiplicative Operators> repetition operator C<Inf> (or |
3966 | C<-Inf>) or C<NaN> times, which doesn't make sense. | |
02a7a248 | 3967 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 3968 | =item Non-hex character in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
3969 | |
3970 | (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character where | |
3971 | a hex one was expected, like | |
3972 | ||
3973 | (?[ [ \xDG ] ]) | |
3974 | (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ]) | |
3975 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 3976 | =item Non-octal character in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
3977 | |
3978 | (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where | |
3979 | an octal one was expected, like | |
3980 | ||
3981 | (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ]) | |
3982 | ||
3983 | =item Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as "%s" | |
3984 | ||
3985 | (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was | |
3986 | unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value | |
3987 | is as indicated. | |
3988 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
3989 | =item "no" not allowed in expression |
3990 | ||
be771a83 GS |
3991 | (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and |
3992 | returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>. | |
6df41af2 | 3993 | |
675fa9ff FC |
3994 | =item Non-string passed as bitmask |
3995 | ||
3996 | (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select(). | |
3997 | Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for | |
3998 | select. See L<perlfunc/select>. | |
3999 | ||
c47ff5f1 | 4000 | =item No output file after > on command line |
748a9306 | 4001 | |
be771a83 GS |
4002 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
4003 | redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it | |
4004 | doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout. | |
748a9306 | 4005 | |
c47ff5f1 | 4006 | =item No output file after > or >> on command line |
748a9306 | 4007 | |
be771a83 GS |
4008 | (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line |
4009 | redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't | |
4010 | find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout. | |
748a9306 | 4011 | |
1ec3e8de GS |
4012 | =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our" |
4013 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4014 | (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our" |
4015 | declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing | |
52d1f2c9 | 4016 | rules. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions. |
1ec3e8de | 4017 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4018 | =item No Perl script found in input |
4019 | ||
4020 | (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning | |
4021 | with #! and containing the word "perl". | |
4022 | ||
4023 | =item No setregid available | |
4024 | ||
4025 | (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for | |
4026 | your system. | |
4027 | ||
4028 | =item No setreuid available | |
4029 | ||
4030 | (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for | |
4031 | your system. | |
4032 | ||
5a25739d FC |
4033 | =item No such class %s |
4034 | ||
4035 | (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" | |
4036 | declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your program. | |
4037 | ||
e75d1f10 RD |
4038 | =item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s |
4039 | ||
b7e4ecc1 FC |
4040 | (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed |
4041 | variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. | |
4042 | The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the | |
4043 | L<fields> pragma. | |
e75d1f10 | 4044 | |
3c20a832 SP |
4045 | =item No such hook: %s |
4046 | ||
dc7e5945 FC |
4047 | (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl. |
4048 | Currently, Perl accepts C<__DIE__> and C<__WARN__> as valid signal hooks. | |
3c20a832 | 4049 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4050 | =item No such pipe open |
4051 | ||
4052 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to | |
be771a83 GS |
4053 | close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught |
4054 | earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle. | |
6df41af2 | 4055 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4056 | =item No such signal: SIG%s |
4057 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4058 | (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was |
4059 | not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal | |
4060 | names on your system. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4061 | |
4062 | =item Not a CODE reference | |
4063 | ||
4064 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a | |
4065 | subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can | |
be771a83 GS |
4066 | use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See |
4067 | also L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e | 4068 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4069 | =item Not a GLOB reference |
4070 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4071 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a |
4072 | symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to | |
4073 | something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what | |
4074 | kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4075 | |
4076 | =item Not a HASH reference | |
4077 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4078 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a |
4079 | reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to | |
4080 | find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e | 4081 | |
b913d0b8 FC |
4082 | =item '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature |
4083 | ||
4084 | (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a sigil | |
4085 | (C<$>, C<@> or C<%>), needs to be separated by whitespace or a commma etc., in | |
4086 | particular to avoid confusion with the C<$#> variable. For example: | |
4087 | ||
4088 | # bad | |
4089 | sub f ($# ignore first arg | |
4090 | , $b) {} | |
4091 | # good | |
4092 | sub f ($, # ignore first arg | |
4093 | $b) {} | |
4094 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4095 | =item Not an ARRAY reference |
4096 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4097 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found |
4098 | a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function | |
4099 | to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. | |
6df41af2 | 4100 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4101 | =item Not a SCALAR reference |
4102 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4103 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found |
4104 | a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function | |
4105 | to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4106 | |
4107 | =item Not a subroutine reference | |
4108 | ||
4109 | (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a | |
4110 | subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can | |
be771a83 GS |
4111 | use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See |
4112 | also L<perlref>. | |
a0d0e21e | 4113 | |
e7ea3e70 | 4114 | =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table |
a0d0e21e LW |
4115 | |
4116 | (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that | |
8b1a09fc | 4117 | doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>. |
a0d0e21e | 4118 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4119 | =item Not enough arguments for %s |
4120 | ||
4121 | (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified. | |
4122 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4123 | =item Not enough format arguments |
4124 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4125 | (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line |
4126 | supplied. See L<perlform>. | |
6df41af2 GS |
4127 | |
4128 | =item %s: not found | |
4129 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4130 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead |
4131 | of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl | |
4132 | yourself. | |
6df41af2 | 4133 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4134 | =item (?[...]) not valid in locale in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
4135 | |
4136 | (F) C<(?[...])> cannot be used within the scope of a C<S<use locale>> or with | |
4137 | an C</l> regular expression modifier, as that would require deferring | |
4138 | to run-time the calculation of what it should evaluate to, and it is | |
4139 | regex compile-time only. | |
4140 | ||
6df41af2 | 4141 | =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC |
a0d0e21e | 4142 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4143 | (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local |
4144 | timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent | |
be771a83 GS |
4145 | to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name |
4146 | F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which | |
4147 | need to be added to UTC to get local time. | |
a0d0e21e | 4148 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4149 | =item NULL OP IN RUN |
4150 | ||
f84fe999 | 4151 | (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode |
be771a83 | 4152 | pointer. |
6df41af2 | 4153 | |
55497cff | 4154 | =item Null picture in formline |
4155 | ||
4156 | (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture | |
4157 | specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you | |
4158 | supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>. | |
4159 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4160 | =item Null realloc |
4161 | ||
4162 | (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL. | |
4163 | ||
4164 | =item NULL regexp argument | |
4165 | ||
5f05dabc | 4166 | (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time. |
a0d0e21e LW |
4167 | |
4168 | =item NULL regexp parameter | |
4169 | ||
4170 | (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd. | |
4171 | ||
fc36a67e | 4172 | =item Number too long |
4173 | ||
be771a83 | 4174 | (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to |
da75cd15 | 4175 | about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future |
be771a83 GS |
4176 | versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In |
4177 | the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of | |
4178 | "1_000_000"). | |
fc36a67e | 4179 | |
f0a2b745 KW |
4180 | =item Number with no digits |
4181 | ||
1043934d | 4182 | (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked like |
6903afa2 | 4183 | a number. This happens, for example with C<\o{}>, with no number between |
1043934d | 4184 | the braces. |
f0a2b745 | 4185 | |
252aa082 JH |
4186 | =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable |
4187 | ||
75b44862 | 4188 | (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 |
be771a83 GS |
4189 | (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See |
4190 | L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. | |
252aa082 | 4191 | |
30d9c59b Z |
4192 | =item Odd name/value argument for subroutine |
4193 | ||
4194 | (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature | |
4195 | received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash. It requires | |
4196 | the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys as values. | |
4197 | The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault. Inconveniently, | |
4198 | this error will be reported at the location of the subroutine, not that | |
4199 | of the caller. | |
4200 | ||
6ad11d81 JH |
4201 | =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant |
4202 | ||
04a80ee0 | 4203 | (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of |
6903afa2 | 4204 | arguments. The arguments should come in pairs. |
6ad11d81 | 4205 | |
b21befc1 MG |
4206 | =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash |
4207 | ||
4208 | (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, | |
4209 | which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs. | |
4210 | ||
1930e939 | 4211 | =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment |
a0d0e21e | 4212 | |
be771a83 GS |
4213 | (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, |
4214 | which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs. | |
a0d0e21e | 4215 | |
bbce6d69 | 4216 | =item Offset outside string |
4217 | ||
1fa582fa | 4218 | (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation |
42bc49da | 4219 | with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to |
f5a7294f JH |
4220 | imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will |
4221 | take place when going past the end of the string when either | |
4222 | C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened | |
0f44b2a5 | 4223 | for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behavior |
1a7a2554 | 4224 | with real files). |
bbce6d69 | 4225 | |
c289d2f7 | 4226 | =item %s() on unopened %s |
2dd78f96 JH |
4227 | |
4228 | (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was | |
4229 | never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket() | |
4230 | call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package. | |
4231 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
4232 | =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s |
4233 | ||
4234 | (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle | |
4235 | that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>. | |
4236 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4237 | =item oops: oopsAV |
4238 | ||
e476b1b5 | 4239 | (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up. |
a0d0e21e LW |
4240 | |
4241 | =item oops: oopsHV | |
4242 | ||
e476b1b5 | 4243 | (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up. |
a0d0e21e | 4244 | |
122d6c09 | 4245 | =item Opening dirhandle %s also as a file. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28 |
abc718f2 | 4246 | |
713e2616 | 4247 | (D io, deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to |
abc718f2 RGS |
4248 | a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. |
4249 | Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing | |
122d6c09 A |
4250 | and this was deprecated in Perl 5.10. In Perl 5.28, this |
4251 | will be a fatal error. | |
abc718f2 | 4252 | |
122d6c09 | 4253 | =item Opening filehandle %s also as a directory. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28 |
abc718f2 | 4254 | |
28038637 | 4255 | (D io, deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to |
abc718f2 RGS |
4256 | a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. |
4257 | Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing | |
122d6c09 A |
4258 | and this was deprecated in Perl 5.10. In Perl 5.28, this |
4259 | will be a fatal error. | |
abc718f2 | 4260 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
4261 | =item Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
4262 | m/%s/ | |
0d0b4b3b | 4263 | |
675fa9ff | 4264 | (F) You wrote something like |
0d0b4b3b KW |
4265 | |
4266 | (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ]) | |
4267 | ||
4268 | There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to combine | |
4269 | them. | |
4270 | ||
a0288114 | 4271 | =item Operation "%s": no method found, %s |
44a8e56a | 4272 | |
be771a83 GS |
4273 | (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no |
4274 | handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms | |
4275 | of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless | |
e4aad80d | 4276 | the C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>. |
44a8e56a | 4277 | |
5ff1373f | 4278 | =item Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X |
9ae3ac1a | 4279 | |
52d1f2c9 | 4280 | (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules |
b5af3ad2 FC |
4281 | on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not |
4282 | defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you. | |
9ae3ac1a KW |
4283 | |
4284 | If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive | |
4285 | matching in a regular expression was done on the code point. | |
4286 | ||
4287 | If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by | |
8457b38f | 4288 | C<no warnings 'non_unicode';>. |
9ae3ac1a | 4289 | |
5ff1373f | 4290 | =item Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X |
9ae3ac1a | 4291 | |
4c2e59a0 | 4292 | (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode |
52d1f2c9 | 4293 | rules on a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use |
ad94bb39 | 4294 | of surrogates for anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but |
52d1f2c9 | 4295 | rules are (reluctantly) defined for the surrogates, and |
ad94bb39 FC |
4296 | they are to do nothing for this operation. Because the use of |
4297 | surrogates can be dangerous, Perl warns. | |
9ae3ac1a KW |
4298 | |
4299 | If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive | |
4300 | matching in a regular expression was done on the code point. | |
4301 | ||
4302 | If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by | |
8457b38f | 4303 | C<no warnings 'surrogate';>. |
9ae3ac1a | 4304 | |
748a9306 LW |
4305 | =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s |
4306 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4307 | (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser |
4308 | was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to | |
4309 | use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For | |
4310 | example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said | |
4311 | "*foo * 'foo'". | |
748a9306 | 4312 | |
30d9c59b Z |
4313 | =item Optional parameter lacks default expression |
4314 | ||
4315 | (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =", making a | |
4316 | named optional parameter without a default value. A nameless optional | |
4317 | parameter is permitted to have no default value, but a named one must | |
4318 | have a specific default. You probably want "$a = undef". | |
4319 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4320 | =item "our" variable %s redeclared |
4321 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4322 | (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before |
4323 | in the current lexical scope. | |
6df41af2 | 4324 | |
a80b8354 GS |
4325 | =item Out of memory! |
4326 | ||
4327 | (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient | |
be771a83 GS |
4328 | remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has |
4329 | no option but to exit immediately. | |
a80b8354 | 4330 | |
19a52907 JH |
4331 | At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your |
4332 | process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and | |
4333 | C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check | |
4334 | the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a> | |
4335 | and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively. | |
4336 | ||
6d3b25aa RGS |
4337 | =item Out of memory during %s extend |
4338 | ||
4339 | (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond | |
4340 | the largest possible memory allocation. | |
4341 | ||
6df41af2 | 4342 | =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s |
a0d0e21e | 4343 | |
6df41af2 | 4344 | (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient |
6903afa2 | 4345 | remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However, |
be771a83 GS |
4346 | the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a |
4347 | possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted. | |
a0d0e21e | 4348 | |
1b979e0a | 4349 | =item Out of memory during request for %s |
a0d0e21e | 4350 | |
1fa582fa | 4351 | (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was |
be771a83 GS |
4352 | insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the |
4353 | request. | |
eff9c6e2 CS |
4354 | |
4355 | The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it | |
4356 | depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable. | |
be771a83 GS |
4357 | However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an |
4358 | emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error | |
b022d2d2 IZ |
4359 | is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file |
4360 | where the failed request happened. | |
55497cff | 4361 | |
1b979e0a IZ |
4362 | =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request |
4363 | ||
4364 | (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error | |
be771a83 GS |
4365 | is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g., |
4366 | C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>. | |
1b979e0a | 4367 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4368 | =item Out of memory for yacc stack |
4369 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4370 | (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue |
4371 | parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or | |
4372 | otherwise. | |
6df41af2 | 4373 | |
28be1210 TH |
4374 | =item '.' outside of string in pack |
4375 | ||
4376 | (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working | |
4377 | position to before the start of the packed string being built. | |
4378 | ||
49704364 | 4379 | =item '@' outside of string in unpack |
6df41af2 | 4380 | |
49704364 | 4381 | (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside |
6df41af2 GS |
4382 | the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
4383 | ||
f337b084 TH |
4384 | =item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack |
4385 | ||
4386 | (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside | |
6903afa2 | 4387 | the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid |
fa816bf3 | 4388 | UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>. |
f337b084 | 4389 | |
7778d804 FC |
4390 | =item overload arg '%s' is invalid |
4391 | ||
4392 | (W overload) The L<overload> pragma was passed an argument it did not | |
4393 | recognize. Did you mistype an operator? | |
4394 | ||
7cb0cfe6 BM |
4395 | =item Overloaded dereference did not return a reference |
4396 | ||
4397 | (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was dereferenced, | |
6903afa2 | 4398 | but the overloaded operation did not return a reference. See |
7cb0cfe6 BM |
4399 | L<overload>. |
4400 | ||
4401 | =item Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP | |
4402 | ||
4403 | (F) An object with a C<qr> overload was used as part of a match, but the | |
6903afa2 | 4404 | overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See L<overload>. |
7cb0cfe6 | 4405 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4406 | =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s |
4407 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4408 | (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a |
4409 | package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself | |
4410 | some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a | |
4411 | mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>. | |
6df41af2 | 4412 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
4413 | =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow |
4414 | ||
4415 | (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your | |
4416 | signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
4417 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4418 | =item page overflow |
4419 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4420 | (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a |
4421 | page. See L<perlform>. | |
a0d0e21e | 4422 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4423 | =item panic: %s |
4424 | ||
4425 | (P) An internal error. | |
4426 | ||
c99a1475 NC |
4427 | =item panic: attempt to call %s in %s |
4428 | ||
4429 | (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls | |
4430 | an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this | |
4431 | platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to | |
4432 | enter this branch on this platform. | |
4433 | ||
d5e473ac SH |
4434 | =item panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled |
4435 | ||
4436 | (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on Windows | |
4437 | was not scheduled within the time period allowed and therefore was not | |
4438 | able to initialize properly. | |
4439 | ||
5637ef5b | 4440 | =item panic: ck_grep, type=%u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4441 | |
4442 | (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep. | |
4443 | ||
5637ef5b | 4444 | =item panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld |
a0d0e21e | 4445 | |
be771a83 GS |
4446 | (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than |
4447 | there are in the savestack. | |
a0d0e21e | 4448 | |
810b8aa5 GS |
4449 | =item panic: del_backref |
4450 | ||
4451 | (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak | |
4452 | reference. | |
4453 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4454 | =item panic: do_subst |
4455 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4456 | (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational |
4457 | data. | |
a0d0e21e | 4458 | |
2269b42e | 4459 | =item panic: do_trans_%s |
a0d0e21e | 4460 | |
2269b42e | 4461 | (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational |
be771a83 | 4462 | data. |
a0d0e21e | 4463 | |
b7f7fd0b NC |
4464 | =item panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d |
4465 | ||
10203f38 | 4466 | (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval> |
b7f7fd0b NC |
4467 | failure was caught. |
4468 | ||
255abbe7 | 4469 | =item panic: frexp: %f |
c635e13b | 4470 | |
4471 | (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible. | |
4472 | ||
5637ef5b | 4473 | =item panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld |
a0d0e21e LW |
4474 | |
4475 | (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label, | |
4476 | and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in. | |
4477 | ||
b0d55c99 FC |
4478 | =item panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer |
4479 | ||
4480 | (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried | |
6903afa2 FC |
4481 | repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob. |
4482 | Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to | |
4483 | the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob. | |
b0d55c99 | 4484 | |
5637ef5b | 4485 | =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4486 | |
4487 | (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier. | |
4488 | ||
5637ef5b | 4489 | =item panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4490 | |
4491 | (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets. | |
4492 | ||
e446cec8 IZ |
4493 | =item panic: kid popen errno read |
4494 | ||
1f91b9f5 | 4495 | (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno. |
e446cec8 | 4496 | |
5637ef5b | 4497 | =item panic: last, type=%u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4498 | |
4499 | (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered | |
4500 | it wasn't a block context. | |
4501 | ||
4502 | =item panic: leave_scope clearsv | |
4503 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4504 | (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the |
4505 | scope. | |
a0d0e21e | 4506 | |
5637ef5b | 4507 | =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4508 | |
4509 | (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an | |
4510 | invalid enum on the top of it. | |
4511 | ||
810b8aa5 GS |
4512 | =item panic: magic_killbackrefs |
4513 | ||
4514 | (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak | |
4515 | references to an object. | |
4516 | ||
5637ef5b | 4517 | =item panic: malloc, %s |
6df41af2 GS |
4518 | |
4519 | (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc. | |
4520 | ||
27d5b266 JH |
4521 | =item panic: memory wrap |
4522 | ||
46f9c2c2 FC |
4523 | (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or a |
4524 | negative amount. | |
27d5b266 | 4525 | |
5637ef5b | 4526 | =item panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4527 | |
4528 | (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating | |
4529 | and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. | |
4530 | ||
5637ef5b | 4531 | =item panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4532 | |
4533 | (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating | |
4534 | and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. | |
4535 | ||
4536 | =item panic: pad_free po | |
4537 | ||
c1bd5aaa | 4538 | (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt was |
61a9f070 | 4539 | made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin with. |
a0d0e21e | 4540 | |
5637ef5b | 4541 | =item panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4542 | |
4543 | (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating | |
4544 | and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. | |
4545 | ||
4546 | =item panic: pad_sv po | |
4547 | ||
61a9f070 FC |
4548 | (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely |
4549 | an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated | |
4550 | for whatever reason. | |
a0d0e21e | 4551 | |
5637ef5b | 4552 | =item panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4553 | |
4554 | (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating | |
4555 | and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. | |
4556 | ||
4557 | =item panic: pad_swipe po | |
4558 | ||
4559 | (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally. | |
4560 | ||
5637ef5b | 4561 | =item panic: pp_iter, type=%u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4562 | |
4563 | (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame. | |
4564 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
4565 | =item panic: pp_match%s |
4566 | ||
4567 | (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational | |
4568 | data. | |
4569 | ||
5637ef5b | 4570 | =item panic: realloc, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4571 | |
4572 | (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc. | |
4573 | ||
ccfb6d2e FC |
4574 | =item panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1) |
4575 | ||
4576 | (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a | |
4577 | reference count other than 1. | |
4578 | ||
5637ef5b | 4579 | =item panic: restartop in %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4580 | |
4581 | (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and | |
4582 | didn't supply the destination. | |
4583 | ||
5637ef5b | 4584 | =item panic: return, type=%u |
a0d0e21e LW |
4585 | |
4586 | (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and | |
4587 | then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context. | |
4588 | ||
5637ef5b | 4589 | =item panic: scan_num, %s |
a0d0e21e LW |
4590 | |
4591 | (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number. | |
4592 | ||
4599db5f | 4593 | =item panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/ |
d24ca0c5 | 4594 | |
1f91b9f5 | 4595 | (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{}) code |
d24ca0c5 DM |
4596 | blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have already been |
4597 | seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the regex compiler. | |
4598 | ||
5a25739d FC |
4599 | =item panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u |
4600 | ||
4601 | (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm() failed. | |
4602 | In your current locale the returned transformation of the string "ab" | |
4603 | is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no sense. | |
4604 | ||
6c65d5f9 NC |
4605 | =item panic: sv_chop %s |
4606 | ||
4607 | (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within the | |
4608 | scalar's string buffer. | |
4609 | ||
5637ef5b | 4610 | =item panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p |
a0d0e21e LW |
4611 | |
4612 | (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there | |
4613 | was string. | |
4614 | ||
4615 | =item panic: top_env | |
4616 | ||
6224f72b | 4617 | (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that. |
a0d0e21e | 4618 | |
65bca31a NC |
4619 | =item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called |
4620 | ||
a1efa96e FC |
4621 | (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't |
4622 | permitted at run time. | |
65bca31a | 4623 | |
01bbc29f FC |
4624 | =item panic: unknown OA_*: %x |
4625 | ||
4626 | (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to C<&CORE::foo()> | |
4627 | subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments | |
4628 | were expected. | |
4629 | ||
dea0fc0b JH |
4630 | =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen |
4631 | ||
4632 | (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed | |
64977eb6 | 4633 | to even) byte length. |
dea0fc0b | 4634 | |
e0ea5e2d NC |
4635 | =item panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen |
4636 | ||
4637 | (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as opposed | |
4638 | to even) byte length. | |
4639 | ||
5637ef5b | 4640 | =item panic: yylex, %s |
2f7da168 RK |
4641 | |
4642 | (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier. | |
4643 | ||
78181aa9 KW |
4644 | =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list |
4645 | ||
4646 | (W parenthesis) You said something like | |
4647 | ||
4648 | my $foo, $bar = @_; | |
4649 | ||
4650 | when you meant | |
4651 | ||
4652 | my ($foo, $bar) = @_; | |
4653 | ||
4654 | Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than comma. | |
4655 | ||
28ac2b49 Z |
4656 | =item Parsing code internal error (%s) |
4657 | ||
4658 | (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API in | |
4659 | a detectable way. | |
4660 | ||
b9bd8d8c | 4661 | =item Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex |
1a147d38 YO |
4662 | |
4663 | (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without | |
6903afa2 FC |
4664 | consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before |
4665 | the nesting limit is exceeded. | |
1a147d38 | 4666 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
4667 | =item C<-p> destination: %s |
4668 | ||
4669 | (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p> | |
4670 | command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've | |
4671 | redirected it with select().) | |
4672 | ||
0ae4a328 FC |
4673 | =item Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s |
4674 | ||
d792985a | 4675 | (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different incompatible |
0ae4a328 FC |
4676 | version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS module. |
4677 | ||
8954b91a | 4678 | =item Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug |
e0e4a6e3 | 4679 | utility to report; in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
d50a4f90 | 4680 | |
6014bd26 JK |
4681 | (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive matching, |
4682 | and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular expression | |
4683 | folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to incorrect results. | |
4684 | Please report this as a bug using the L<perlbug> utility. | |
d50a4f90 | 4685 | |
f51551f7 FC |
4686 | =item PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental |
4687 | ||
4688 | (S experimental::win32_perlio) The C<:win32> PerlIO layer is | |
4689 | experimental. If you want to take the risk of using this layer, | |
4690 | simply disable this warning: | |
4691 | ||
4692 | no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio"; | |
4693 | ||
1109a392 MHM |
4694 | =item Perl_my_%s() not available |
4695 | ||
4696 | (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, | |
4697 | so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order | |
4698 | conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the | |
4699 | '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
4700 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
4701 | =item Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped |
4702 | ||
4703 | (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of | |
4704 | Perl than you are running. Perhaps C<use 5.10> was written instead | |
4705 | of C<use 5.010> or C<use v5.10>. Without the leading C<v>, the number is | |
4706 | interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the | |
4707 | decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10 | |
4708 | is equivalent to v5.100. | |
4709 | ||
6903f24f | 4710 | =item Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped |
6d3b25aa RGS |
4711 | |
4712 | (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more | |
4713 | recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since | |
4714 | you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>. | |
4715 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
4716 | =item PERL_SH_DIR too long |
4717 | ||
fa816bf3 | 4718 | (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the |
fecfaeb8 | 4719 | C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>. |
6df41af2 | 4720 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
4721 | =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s" |
4722 | ||
806b6d07 | 4723 | (X) See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values. |
96ebfdd7 | 4724 | |
6651ba0b FC |
4725 | =item Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped |
4726 | ||
4727 | (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run | |
4728 | on the version of Perl you are using because it is too new. | |
4729 | Maybe the code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply | |
4730 | wrong and the version check should just be removed. | |
4731 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
4732 | =item perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only partially set |
4733 | ||
ff9c1ae8 | 4734 | (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but it |
675fa9ff FC |
4735 | contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not using the |
4736 | hash seed you think you are. | |
6a5b4183 | 4737 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4738 | =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed. |
4739 | ||
4740 | (S) The whole warning message will look something like: | |
4741 | ||
4742 | perl: warning: Setting locale failed. | |
4743 | perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: | |
4744 | LC_ALL = "En_US", | |
4745 | LANG = (unset) | |
4746 | are supported and installed on your system. | |
4747 | perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). | |
4748 | ||
4749 | Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the | |
4750 | settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value. | |
0ea6b70f JH |
4751 | This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating |
4752 | system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called | |
4753 | locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not | |
4754 | dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that | |
4b07a369 FC |
4755 | Perl can and will use, and the script will be run. Before you really |
4756 | fix the problem, however, you will get the same error message each | |
4757 | time you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in | |
0ea6b70f | 4758 | L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>. |
6df41af2 | 4759 | |
6a5b4183 YO |
4760 | =item perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s' |
4761 | ||
ff9c1ae8 | 4762 | (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS defined |
675fa9ff | 4763 | but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of this setting |
6a5b4183 YO |
4764 | are as follows. |
4765 | ||
4766 | Numeric | String | Result | |
4767 | --------+---------------+----------------------------------------- | |
4768 | 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization | |
4769 | 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization | |
555bd962 BG |
4770 | 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal |
4771 | | | randomization | |
6a5b4183 YO |
4772 | |
4773 | Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string values are | |
675fa9ff | 4774 | case sensitive. The default for this setting is "RANDOM" or 1. |
aac486f1 | 4775 | |
bd3fa61c | 4776 | =item pid %x not a child |
748a9306 | 4777 | |
be771a83 GS |
4778 | (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a |
4779 | process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is | |
4780 | fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended. | |
748a9306 | 4781 | |
49704364 | 4782 | =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack |
3bf38418 WL |
4783 | |
4784 | (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*". | |
4785 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 4786 | =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
96ebfdd7 | 4787 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4788 | (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The S<<-- HERE> |
9e3ec65c | 4789 | shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered. |
96ebfdd7 RK |
4790 | Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix |
4791 | the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>, | |
4792 | not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>. | |
4793 | ||
4794 | =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument | |
4795 | ||
4796 | (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike | |
4797 | the BSD version, which takes a pid. | |
4798 | ||
46d34d0e | 4799 | =item POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 4800 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 4801 | |
46d34d0e KW |
4802 | (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character |
4803 | class, but didn't use enough brackets. These POSIX class constructs [: | |
4804 | :], [= =], and [. .] go I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of | |
4805 | the construct, for example: C<qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/>. What the regular | |
4806 | expression pattern compiled to is probably not what you were intending. | |
4807 | For example, C<qr/[:alpha:]/> compiles to a regular bracketed character | |
4808 | class consisting of the four characters C<":">, C<"a">, C<"l">, | |
4809 | C<"h">, and C<"p">. To specify the POSIX class, it should have been | |
4810 | written C<qr/[[:alpha:]]/>. | |
4811 | ||
4812 | Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently | |
9e3ec65c | 4813 | implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and |
e0e4a6e3 | 4814 | will cause fatal errors. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular |
9e3ec65c | 4815 | expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 4816 | |
46d34d0e KW |
4817 | If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the message |
4818 | indicates that. | |
4819 | ||
6fbc9859 | 4820 | =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 4821 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 4822 | |
a125938c FC |
4823 | (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning |
4824 | with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions. If you | |
4825 | need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression | |
4826 | character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[." | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4827 | and ".\]". The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
a125938c | 4828 | problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 4829 | |
6fbc9859 | 4830 | =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 4831 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 4832 | |
7253e4e3 RK |
4833 | (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning |
4834 | with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you | |
4835 | need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression | |
4836 | character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[=" | |
e0e4a6e3 | 4837 | and "=\]". The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
7253e4e3 | 4838 | problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 4839 | |
bbce6d69 | 4840 | =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list |
4841 | ||
e476b1b5 | 4842 | (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal |
75b44862 | 4843 | strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as |
be771a83 GS |
4844 | literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the |
4845 | parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.) | |
bbce6d69 | 4846 | |
774d564b | 4847 | You probably wrote something like this: |
4848 | ||
54310121 | 4849 | @list = qw( |
774d564b | 4850 | a # a comment |
bbce6d69 | 4851 | b # another comment |
774d564b | 4852 | ); |
bbce6d69 | 4853 | |
4854 | when you should have written this: | |
4855 | ||
774d564b | 4856 | @list = qw( |
54310121 | 4857 | a |
4858 | b | |
774d564b | 4859 | ); |
4860 | ||
4861 | If you really want comments, build your list the | |
4862 | old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas: | |
4863 | ||
4864 | @list = ( | |
4865 | 'a', # a comment | |
4866 | 'b', # another comment | |
4867 | ); | |
bbce6d69 | 4868 | |
4869 | =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas | |
4870 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4871 | (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore |
4872 | commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used | |
4873 | different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also | |
4874 | frequently used.) | |
bbce6d69 | 4875 | |
54310121 | 4876 | You probably wrote something like this: |
bbce6d69 | 4877 | |
774d564b | 4878 | qw! a, b, c !; |
4879 | ||
4880 | which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without | |
4881 | commas if you don't want them to appear in your data: | |
bbce6d69 | 4882 | |
774d564b | 4883 | qw! a b c !; |
bbce6d69 | 4884 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4885 | =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument |
4886 | ||
4887 | (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for. | |
4888 | Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the | |
4889 | end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and | |
4890 | Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>. | |
4891 | ||
9da2d046 NT |
4892 | =item Possible precedence issue with control flow operator |
4893 | ||
4894 | (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control | |
4895 | flow operator (e.g. C<return>) and a low-precedence operator like | |
4896 | C<or>. Consider: | |
4897 | ||
4898 | sub { return $a or $b; } | |
4899 | ||
4900 | This is parsed as: | |
4901 | ||
4902 | sub { (return $a) or $b; } | |
4903 | ||
4904 | Which is effectively just: | |
4905 | ||
4906 | sub { return $a; } | |
4907 | ||
4908 | Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the operator. | |
4909 | ||
4910 | Note this may be also triggered for constructs like: | |
4911 | ||
4912 | sub { 1 if die; } | |
4913 | ||
8823cb89 | 4914 | =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator |
a690c7c4 FC |
4915 | |
4916 | (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction | |
4917 | with a numeric comparison operator, like this : | |
4918 | ||
4919 | if ($x & $y == 0) { ... } | |
4920 | ||
4921 | This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the | |
4922 | higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you | |
4923 | really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the | |
4924 | parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>). | |
4925 | ||
77772344 B |
4926 | =item Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex |
4927 | ||
4928 | (W ambiguous) You said something like C<m/$\/> in a regex. | |
4929 | The regex C<m/foo$\s+bar/m> translates to: match the word 'foo', the output | |
8ddb446c | 4930 | record separator (see L<perlvar/$\>) and the letter 's' (one time or more) |
77772344 B |
4931 | followed by the word 'bar'. |
4932 | ||
4933 | If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by using | |
4934 | C<m/${\}/> (for example: C<m/foo${\}s+bar/>). | |
4935 | ||
4936 | If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the line | |
4937 | followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line then you can use | |
4938 | C<m/$(?)\/> (for example: C<m/foo$(?)\s+bar/>). | |
4939 | ||
e5035638 FC |
4940 | =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string |
4941 | ||
ccf3535a | 4942 | (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted string |
6903afa2 | 4943 | but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a |
e5035638 FC |
4944 | literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened |
4945 | to the array you apparently lost track of. | |
4946 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
4947 | =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s) |
4948 | ||
e476b1b5 | 4949 | (S precedence) The old irregular construct |
cb1a09d0 | 4950 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
4951 | open FOO || die; |
4952 | ||
4953 | is now misinterpreted as | |
4954 | ||
4955 | open(FOO || die); | |
4956 | ||
be771a83 GS |
4957 | because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and |
4958 | list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put | |
4959 | parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead | |
4960 | of "||". | |
a0d0e21e | 4961 | |
3cdd684c TP |
4962 | =item Premature end of script headers |
4963 | ||
3de20fbe | 4964 | See L</500 Server error>. |
3cdd684c | 4965 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4966 | =item printf() on closed filehandle %s |
4967 | ||
be771a83 | 4968 | (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 4969 | before now. Check your control flow. |
6df41af2 | 4970 | |
9a7dcd9c | 4971 | =item print() on closed filehandle %s |
a0d0e21e | 4972 | |
be771a83 | 4973 | (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 4974 | before now. Check your control flow. |
a0d0e21e | 4975 | |
6df41af2 | 4976 | =item Process terminated by SIG%s |
a0d0e21e | 4977 | |
6df41af2 GS |
4978 | (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix |
4979 | applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2 | |
4980 | port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see | |
4981 | L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" | |
fecfaeb8 | 4982 | in L<perlos2>. |
a0d0e21e | 4983 | |
327323c1 RGS |
4984 | =item Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s |
4985 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
4986 | (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This is |
4987 | useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine arguments. | |
327323c1 | 4988 | |
3fe9a6f1 | 4989 | =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s |
4633a7c4 | 4990 | |
9a0b3859 | 4991 | (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been |
be771a83 | 4992 | declared or defined with a different function prototype. |
4633a7c4 | 4993 | |
ed9aa3b7 SG |
4994 | =item Prototype not terminated |
4995 | ||
2a6fd447 | 4996 | (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype |
ed9aa3b7 SG |
4997 | definition. |
4998 | ||
eedb00fa PM |
4999 | =item Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s |
5000 | ||
5001 | (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses after | |
5002 | the sub name and via the prototype attribute. The prototype in | |
5003 | parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the prototype | |
5004 | from the attribute before it's ever used. | |
5005 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 5006 | =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
96ebfdd7 | 5007 | |
6903afa2 | 5008 | (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if |
e0e4a6e3 | 5009 | you meant it literally. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular |
9e3ec65c | 5010 | expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
96ebfdd7 | 5011 | |
6e8a73f2 | 5012 | =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
9baa0206 | 5013 | |
6903afa2 | 5014 | (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of |
e0e4a6e3 | 5015 | the {min,max} construct. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular |
9e3ec65c | 5016 | expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
9baa0206 | 5017 | |
675fa9ff FC |
5018 | =item Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex |
5019 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5020 | =item Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by |
5021 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
675fa9ff FC |
5022 | |
5023 | (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you really | |
5024 | want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. | |
5025 | ||
e1729dc6 | 5026 | =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/ |
9baa0206 | 5027 | |
b45f050a JF |
5028 | (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where |
5029 | it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the | |
5030 | quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match | |
5031 | "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is | |
5032 | C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>. | |
9baa0206 | 5033 | |
89ea2908 GA |
5034 | =item Range iterator outside integer range |
5035 | ||
5036 | (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".." | |
5037 | are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally. | |
be771a83 GS |
5038 | One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment |
5039 | by prepending "0" to your numbers. | |
89ea2908 | 5040 | |
ad513756 | 5041 | =item Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or |
6e8a73f2 | 5042 | "a-z" in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ad513756 FC |
5043 | |
5044 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>> or within C<(?[...])>) | |
5045 | ||
5046 | Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. Perhaps you didn't | |
5047 | even intend a range here, if the C<"-"> was meant to be some other | |
5048 | character, or should have been escaped (like C<"\-">). If you did | |
5049 | intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between ASCII and | |
5050 | EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to a casual | |
5051 | reader. | |
5052 | ||
5053 | [3-7] # OK; Obvious and portable | |
5054 | [d-g] # OK; Obvious and portable | |
5055 | [A-Y] # OK; Obvious and portable | |
5056 | [A-z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant | |
5057 | [a-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant | |
5058 | [%-.] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant | |
5059 | [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek | |
5060 | ||
5061 | (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which means that | |
5062 | the endpoints are specified by | |
5063 | L<C<\N{...}>|perlrecharclass/Character Ranges>, but the meaning may | |
5064 | still not be obvious.) | |
5065 | The stricter rules require that ranges that start or stop with an ASCII | |
5066 | character that is not a control have all their endpoints be the literal | |
5067 | character, and not some escape sequence (like C<"\x41">), and the ranges | |
5068 | must be all digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters. | |
5069 | ||
5070 | =item Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by | |
6e8a73f2 | 5071 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ad513756 FC |
5072 | |
5073 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>> or within C<(?[...])>) | |
5074 | ||
5075 | Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. You included a | |
5076 | range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit. Under the | |
5077 | stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should be digits in | |
5078 | the same group of 10 consecutive digits. | |
5079 | ||
3b7fbd4a SP |
5080 | =item readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
5081 | ||
1a147d38 | 5082 | (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really |
3b7fbd4a SP |
5083 | a dirhandle. Check your control flow. |
5084 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
5085 | =item readline() on closed filehandle %s |
5086 | ||
5087 | (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime | |
5088 | before now. Check your control flow. | |
5089 | ||
b5fe5ca2 SR |
5090 | =item read() on closed filehandle %s |
5091 | ||
5092 | (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle. | |
5093 | ||
5094 | =item read() on unopened filehandle %s | |
5095 | ||
5096 | (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened. | |
5097 | ||
de42a5a9 | 5098 | =item Reallocation too large: %x |
6df41af2 GS |
5099 | |
5100 | (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine. | |
5101 | ||
4ad56ec9 IZ |
5102 | =item realloc() of freed memory ignored |
5103 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5104 | (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had |
5105 | already been freed. | |
4ad56ec9 | 5106 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5107 | =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch |
5108 | ||
19b29141 | 5109 | (S debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce |
be771a83 | 5110 | the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead, |
a0d0e21e LW |
5111 | which is why it's currently left out of your copy. |
5112 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
5113 | =item Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer |
5114 | ||
5115 | (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating | |
5116 | a filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with C<open my | |
5117 | $fh, '<', \$scalar>, which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try | |
5118 | loading PerlIO::scalar explicitly first. | |
5119 | ||
3e0ccd42 | 5120 | =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s' |
a0d0e21e | 5121 | |
2c7d6b9c RGS |
5122 | (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a package, Perl |
5123 | believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a | |
5124 | crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth. | |
a0d0e21e | 5125 | |
f51551f7 FC |
5126 | =item Redundant argument in %s |
5127 | ||
5128 | (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other | |
3617dbb6 | 5129 | arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only |
f51551f7 FC |
5130 | emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than were |
5131 | supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
5132 | ||
12605ff9 FC |
5133 | =item refcnt_dec: fd %d%s |
5134 | ||
2e0cfa16 FC |
5135 | =item refcnt: fd %d%s |
5136 | ||
12605ff9 FC |
5137 | =item refcnt_inc: fd %d%s |
5138 | ||
fa816bf3 | 5139 | (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check. If |
2e0cfa16 FC |
5140 | you see this message, something is very wrong. |
5141 | ||
1930e939 TP |
5142 | =item Reference found where even-sized list expected |
5143 | ||
be771a83 | 5144 | (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list |
6903afa2 FC |
5145 | with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This |
5146 | usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant | |
5147 | to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>. | |
7b8d334a GS |
5148 | |
5149 | %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG | |
5150 | %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG | |
5151 | %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right | |
5152 | %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine | |
5153 | ||
810b8aa5 GS |
5154 | =item Reference is already weak |
5155 | ||
e476b1b5 | 5156 | (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak. |
810b8aa5 GS |
5157 | Doing so has no effect. |
5158 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5159 | =item Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b72d83b2 | 5160 | |
6903afa2 FC |
5161 | (F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer |
5162 | to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers | |
5163 | (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative | |
5164 | backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense. | |
b72d83b2 | 5165 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5166 | =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5167 | m/%s/ | |
b45f050a JF |
5168 | |
5169 | (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are | |
6903afa2 | 5170 | not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If |
bbaee129 FC |
5171 | you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7 inserted into the regular |
5172 | expression, prepend zeroes to make it three digits long: C<\007> | |
9baa0206 | 5173 | |
6e8a73f2 | 5174 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
b45f050a | 5175 | discovered. |
9baa0206 | 5176 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5177 | =item Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> |
5178 | in m/%s/ | |
1a147d38 YO |
5179 | |
5180 | (F) You used something like C<\k'NAME'> or C<< \k<NAME> >> in your regular | |
9381611c | 5181 | expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses |
6903afa2 | 5182 | such as C<(?'NAME'...)> or C<< (?<NAME>...) >>. Check if the name has been |
9381611c | 5183 | spelled correctly both in the backreference and the declaration. |
1a147d38 | 5184 | |
6e8a73f2 | 5185 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
1a147d38 YO |
5186 | discovered. |
5187 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5188 | =item Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by |
5189 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
1a147d38 | 5190 | |
bcb95744 FC |
5191 | (F) You used something like C<\g{-7}> in your regular expression, but there |
5192 | are not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the | |
5193 | expression before where the C<\g{-7}> was located. | |
1a147d38 | 5194 | |
6e8a73f2 | 5195 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
1a147d38 YO |
5196 | discovered. |
5197 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5198 | =item regexp memory corruption |
5199 | ||
5200 | (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular | |
5201 | expression compiler gave it. | |
5202 | ||
ff3f26d2 KW |
5203 | =item Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice |
5204 | ||
4d910168 | 5205 | =item Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked |
e0e4a6e3 | 5206 | by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
4d910168 | 5207 | |
ce170e67 | 5208 | (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences |
ff3f26d2 | 5209 | of the specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones. |
3955e1a9 | 5210 | |
6fbc9859 MH |
5211 | =item Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by <-- |
5212 | HERE in m/%s/ | |
9442e3b8 | 5213 | |
f8b5bc72 FC |
5214 | (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning on |
5215 | another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the regular | |
9442e3b8 KW |
5216 | expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and place it before |
5217 | the minus), instead of the one you want to turn off. | |
5218 | ||
591f5ca2 FC |
5219 | =item Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice |
5220 | ||
4d910168 FC |
5221 | =item Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- |
5222 | HERE in m/%s/ | |
5223 | ||
ce170e67 | 5224 | (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences |
591f5ca2 FC |
5225 | of the specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones. |
5226 | ||
3955e1a9 KW |
5227 | =item Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive |
5228 | ||
4d910168 | 5229 | =item Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; |
e0e4a6e3 | 5230 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
4d910168 | 5231 | |
ce170e67 | 5232 | (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these |
3955e1a9 KW |
5233 | mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is |
5234 | supposed to be there. | |
5235 | ||
aec0ef10 | 5236 | =item Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e | 5237 | |
be771a83 GS |
5238 | (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it |
5239 | earlier. | |
a0d0e21e | 5240 | |
a7f533cb | 5241 | =item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#) |
a1b95068 | 5242 | |
d7f8936a | 5243 | (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a |
a1b95068 | 5244 | numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never |
6903afa2 | 5245 | terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>. |
a1b95068 | 5246 | |
b08e453b RB |
5247 | =item Replacement list is longer than search list |
5248 | ||
5249 | (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the | |
fa816bf3 | 5250 | search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list |
b08e453b RB |
5251 | are meaningless. |
5252 | ||
5e0a247b KW |
5253 | =item '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d' |
5254 | ||
5255 | (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like C<\08>, or C<\179> in a | |
5256 | double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a single | |
5257 | character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next character in | |
5258 | the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you want, you can use | |
5259 | the C<\o{ }> syntax, or use exactly three digits to specify the octal | |
5260 | for the character. | |
5261 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5262 | =item Reversed %s= operator |
5263 | ||
be771a83 | 5264 | (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must |
964742a1 | 5265 | always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators. |
a0d0e21e | 5266 | |
abc7ecad SP |
5267 | =item rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
5268 | ||
1b303a7d FC |
5269 | (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either closed |
5270 | or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow. | |
abc7ecad | 5271 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
5272 | =item Scalars leaked: %d |
5273 | ||
7bd1381d | 5274 | (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping |
4f5966a5 FC |
5275 | of scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time |
5276 | Perl exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which | |
5277 | is of course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be | |
5278 | long-running. | |
96ebfdd7 | 5279 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5280 | =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s] |
5281 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5282 | (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a |
5283 | single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar | |
5284 | value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always | |
5285 | behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its | |
5286 | argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it, | |
5287 | and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things | |
5288 | if you're expecting only one subscript. | |
a0d0e21e | 5289 | |
748a9306 | 5290 | On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array |
5f05dabc | 5291 | element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because |
748a9306 LW |
5292 | Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See |
5293 | L<perlref>. | |
5294 | ||
a6006777 | 5295 | =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s} |
5296 | ||
75b44862 | 5297 | (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single |
be771a83 GS |
5298 | element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value |
5299 | (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves | |
5300 | like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its | |
5301 | argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it, | |
5302 | and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things | |
5303 | if you're expecting only one subscript. | |
5304 | ||
5305 | On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element | |
5306 | as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will | |
5307 | not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See | |
a6006777 | 5308 | L<perlref>. |
5309 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5310 | =item Search pattern not terminated |
5311 | ||
5312 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{} | |
5313 | construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. | |
fb73857a | 5314 | Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error. |
a0d0e21e | 5315 | |
ea9d9ebc | 5316 | Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or> |
5d9c98cd | 5317 | construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written |
ea9d9ebc FC |
5318 | in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be |
5319 | misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern. | |
5d9c98cd | 5320 | |
abc7ecad SP |
5321 | =item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
5322 | ||
5323 | (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not | |
5324 | really a dirhandle. Check your control flow. | |
5325 | ||
3257ea4f FC |
5326 | =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle |
5327 | ||
5328 | (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a | |
5329 | filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed. | |
5330 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5331 | =item select not implemented |
5332 | ||
5333 | (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call. | |
5334 | ||
ae21d580 | 5335 | =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported |
68a4a7e4 | 5336 | |
ae21d580 JH |
5337 | (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in |
5338 | the current implementation. | |
68a4a7e4 | 5339 | |
6df41af2 | 5340 | =item Semicolon seems to be missing |
a0d0e21e | 5341 | |
75b44862 GS |
5342 | (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing |
5343 | semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5344 | |
5345 | =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string | |
5346 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5347 | (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a |
5348 | scalar that had previously been marked as free. | |
a0d0e21e | 5349 | |
6df41af2 | 5350 | =item sem%s not implemented |
a0d0e21e | 5351 | |
6df41af2 | 5352 | (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system. |
a0d0e21e | 5353 | |
69282e91 | 5354 | =item send() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 5355 | |
be771a83 | 5356 | (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 5357 | before now. Check your control flow. |
a0d0e21e | 5358 | |
0ae4a328 FC |
5359 | =item Sequence "\c{" invalid |
5360 | ||
5361 | (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a | |
5362 | double-quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII | |
5363 | platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If you | |
5364 | were intending to specify a control character with this sequence, you'll | |
5365 | have to use a different way to specify it. | |
5366 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5367 | =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
7b8d334a | 5368 | |
6903afa2 | 5369 | (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The |
e0e4a6e3 | 5370 | S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
6903afa2 | 5371 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
1b1626e4 | 5372 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5373 | =item Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5374 | m/%s/ | |
a0d0e21e | 5375 | |
6903afa2 | 5376 | (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved |
e0e4a6e3 | 5377 | but has not yet been written. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the |
9e3ec65c | 5378 | regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 5379 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5380 | =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5381 | m/%s/ | |
a0d0e21e | 5382 | |
d921c7bf | 5383 | (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. |
e0e4a6e3 | 5384 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
d921c7bf | 5385 | discovered. This may happen when using the C<(?^...)> construct to tell |
fb85c044 | 5386 | Perl to use the default regular expression modifiers, and you |
9442e3b8 | 5387 | redundantly specify a default modifier. For other |
9de15fec | 5388 | causes, see L<perlre>. |
a0d0e21e | 5389 | |
aec0ef10 | 5390 | =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/ |
6df41af2 GS |
5391 | |
5392 | (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing | |
aec0ef10 | 5393 | parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See |
7253e4e3 | 5394 | L<perlre>. |
6df41af2 | 5395 | |
07ea66ee FC |
5396 | =item Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5397 | m/%s/ | |
5398 | ||
5399 | (F) A named reference of the form C<(?&...)> was missing the final | |
5400 | closing parenthesis after the name. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts | |
5401 | in the regular expression the problem was discovered. | |
5402 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5403 | =item Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> |
4599db5f FC |
5404 | in m/%s/ |
5405 | ||
5406 | (F) A named group of the form C<(?'...')> or C<< (?<...>) >> was missing the final | |
e0e4a6e3 | 5407 | closing quote or angle bracket. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the |
4599db5f FC |
5408 | regular expression the problem was discovered. |
5409 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5410 | =item Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> |
4599db5f FC |
5411 | in m/%s/ |
5412 | ||
5413 | (F) A named reference of the form C<(?('...')...)> or C<< (?(<...>)...) >> was | |
5414 | missing the final closing quote or angle bracket after the name. The | |
e0e4a6e3 | 5415 | S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
4599db5f FC |
5416 | discovered. |
5417 | ||
5b9ce456 KW |
5418 | =item Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5419 | m/%s/ | |
5420 | ||
5421 | (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('. The | |
5422 | S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was | |
5423 | discovered. | |
5424 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5425 | =item Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5426 | m/%s/ | |
5a25739d FC |
5427 | |
5428 | (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape | |
5429 | sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written. | |
5430 | ||
9da1dd8f DM |
5431 | =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')' |
5432 | ||
be149b43 DM |
5433 | (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be |
5434 | followed immediately by a ')'. | |
9da1dd8f | 5435 | |
74d1b2e4 | 5436 | =item Sequence (?PE<gt>... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
4599db5f | 5437 | |
74d1b2e4 | 5438 | (F) A named reference of the form C<(?PE<gt>...)> was missing the final |
cfbef7dc KW |
5439 | closing parenthesis after the name. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts |
5440 | in the regular expression the problem was discovered. | |
5441 | ||
5442 | =item Sequence (?PE<lt>... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
5443 | ||
5444 | (F) A named group of the form C<(?PE<lt>...E<gt>')> was missing the final | |
5445 | closing angle bracket. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the | |
5446 | regular expression the problem was discovered. | |
5447 | ||
74d1b2e4 FC |
5448 | =item Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5449 | m/%s/ | |
cfbef7dc | 5450 | |
74d1b2e4 | 5451 | (F) A named reference of the form C<(?P=...)> was missing the final |
e0e4a6e3 | 5452 | closing parenthesis after the name. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts |
4599db5f FC |
5453 | in the regular expression the problem was discovered. |
5454 | ||
5455 | =item Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/ | |
5456 | ||
5457 | (F) An C<(?R)> or C<(?0)> sequence in a regular expression was missing the | |
5458 | final parenthesis. | |
5459 | ||
3de20fbe | 5460 | =item Z<>500 Server error |
a5f75d66 | 5461 | |
6903afa2 FC |
5462 | (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window |
5463 | when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The | |
5464 | actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most | |
5465 | frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method (something) | |
5466 | not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature end of script | |
5467 | headers", and "Did not produce a valid header". | |
9607fc9c | 5468 | |
5469 | B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>. | |
5470 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
5471 | You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by |
5472 | the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the | |
5473 | user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment | |
5474 | variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't | |
5475 | in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or | |
5476 | less. Please see the following for more information: | |
9607fc9c | 5477 | |
06a5f41f JH |
5478 | http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html |
5479 | http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html | |
5480 | http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/ | |
a5f75d66 | 5481 | |
be94a901 GS |
5482 | You should also look at L<perlfaq9>. |
5483 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5484 | =item setegid() not implemented |
5485 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5486 | (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't |
5487 | support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure | |
5488 | didn't think so. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5489 | |
5490 | =item seteuid() not implemented | |
5491 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5492 | (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't |
5493 | support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure | |
5494 | didn't think so. | |
a0d0e21e | 5495 | |
81777298 GS |
5496 | =item setpgrp can't take arguments |
5497 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5498 | (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no |
5499 | arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process | |
5500 | group ID. | |
81777298 | 5501 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5502 | =item setrgid() not implemented |
5503 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5504 | (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't |
5505 | support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure | |
5506 | didn't think so. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5507 | |
5508 | =item setruid() not implemented | |
5509 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5510 | (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't |
5511 | support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure | |
5512 | didn't think so. | |
a0d0e21e | 5513 | |
6df41af2 GS |
5514 | =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s |
5515 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5516 | (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you |
5517 | forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See | |
6df41af2 GS |
5518 | L<perlfunc/setsockopt>. |
5519 | ||
d8940893 | 5520 | =item Setting $/ to a reference to %s as a form of slurp is deprecated, treating as undef. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28 |
6da34ecb | 5521 | |
ddc3d23f | 5522 | (D deprecated) You assigned a reference to a scalar to C<$/> where the |
eedc0d19 | 5523 | referenced item is not a positive integer. In older perls this B<appeared> |
6da34ecb FC |
5524 | to work the same as setting it to C<undef> but was in fact internally |
5525 | different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have resulted in | |
5526 | your file being split by a stringified form of the reference. | |
5527 | ||
ea9d9ebc | 5528 | In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be B<exactly> the same as |
6da34ecb FC |
5529 | setting C<$/> to undef, with the exception that this warning would be |
5530 | thrown. | |
5531 | ||
eedc0d19 | 5532 | You are recommended to change your code to set C<$/> to C<undef> explicitly |
d8940893 A |
5533 | if you wish to slurp the file. In Perl 5.28 assigning C<$/> to a |
5534 | reference to an integer which isn't positive will throw a fatal error. | |
6da34ecb | 5535 | |
ee0ba734 | 5536 | =item Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden |
a48e4205 FC |
5537 | |
5538 | (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to C<$/>. In older | |
5539 | Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a reference to | |
5540 | a positive integer, where the integer was the address of the reference. | |
5541 | As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to allow future versions of Perl | |
5542 | to use non-integer refs for more interesting purposes. | |
5543 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5544 | =item shm%s not implemented |
5545 | ||
5546 | (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system. | |
5547 | ||
984200d0 YST |
5548 | =item !=~ should be !~ |
5549 | ||
5550 | (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be | |
5551 | interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement) | |
5552 | operators: probably not what you intended. | |
5553 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
5554 | =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s" |
5555 | ||
5556 | (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string, | |
be771a83 GS |
5557 | as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false |
5558 | result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is | |
5559 | probably not what you had in mind. | |
6df41af2 | 5560 | |
69282e91 | 5561 | =item shutdown() on closed socket %s |
a0d0e21e | 5562 | |
75b44862 GS |
5563 | (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit |
5564 | superfluous. | |
a0d0e21e | 5565 | |
f86702cc | 5566 | =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined |
a0d0e21e | 5567 | |
be771a83 GS |
5568 | (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. |
5569 | Perhaps you put it into the wrong package? | |
a0d0e21e | 5570 | |
efc859fb FC |
5571 | =item Slab leaked from cv %p |
5572 | ||
5573 | (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with the | |
5574 | internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be freed after | |
5575 | a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was leaked instead. | |
5576 | ||
3b9aea04 SH |
5577 | =item sleep(%u) too large |
5578 | ||
5579 | (W overflow) You called C<sleep> with a number that was larger than | |
5580 | it can reliably handle and C<sleep> probably slept for less time than | |
5581 | requested. | |
5582 | ||
30d9c59b Z |
5583 | =item Slurpy parameter not last |
5584 | ||
5585 | (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy (array or | |
5586 | hash) parameter. The slurpy parameter takes all the available arguments, | |
5587 | so there can't be any left to fill later parameters. | |
5588 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
5589 | =item Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation |
5590 | ||
5591 | (F) You should not use the C<~~> operator on an object that does not | |
5592 | overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure | |
5593 | for the smart match. | |
5594 | ||
0f539b13 BF |
5595 | =item Smartmatch is experimental |
5596 | ||
5597 | (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you | |
5598 | use the smartmatch (C<~~>) operator. This is currently an experimental | |
5599 | feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases of | |
5600 | Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being | |
5601 | unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be | |
5602 | overhauled. | |
5603 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5604 | =item sort is now a reserved word |
5605 | ||
5606 | (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore. | |
5607 | But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle. | |
5608 | ||
f1c31c52 FC |
5609 | =item Source filters apply only to byte streams |
5610 | ||
5611 | (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a | |
5612 | source filter module) within a string passed to C<eval>. This is | |
5613 | not permitted under the C<unicode_eval> feature. Consider using | |
5614 | C<evalbytes> instead. See L<feature>. | |
5615 | ||
8cbc2e3b JH |
5616 | =item splice() offset past end of array |
5617 | ||
5618 | (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of | |
fa816bf3 FC |
5619 | the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the |
5620 | end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, | |
5621 | try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. | |
5622 | See L<perlfunc/splice>. | |
8cbc2e3b | 5623 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5624 | =item Split loop |
5625 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5626 | (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't |
5627 | iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what | |
6903afa2 | 5628 | happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>. |
a0d0e21e | 5629 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5630 | =item Statement unlikely to be reached |
5631 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5632 | (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a |
5633 | die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns | |
5634 | unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system() | |
5635 | instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in | |
5636 | a block by itself. | |
a0d0e21e | 5637 | |
a21eb52b FC |
5638 | =item "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package |
5639 | ||
5640 | (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't make | |
5641 | sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. | |
5642 | ||
a2e39214 FC |
5643 | =item "state %s" used in sort comparison |
5644 | ||
5645 | (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort comparisons. | |
5646 | You used $a or $b in as an operand to the C<< <=> >> or C<cmp> operator inside a | |
5647 | sort comparison block, and the variable had earlier been declared as a | |
5648 | lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the package | |
5649 | name, or rename the lexical variable. | |
5650 | ||
5a25739d FC |
5651 | =item "state" variable %s can't be in a package |
5652 | ||
5653 | (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make | |
5654 | sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use | |
5655 | local() if you want to localize a package variable. | |
5656 | ||
9ddeeac9 | 5657 | =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s |
6df41af2 | 5658 | |
355b1299 JH |
5659 | (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that |
5660 | was either never opened or has since been closed. | |
6df41af2 | 5661 | |
5a25739d FC |
5662 | =item Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory file handles |
5663 | ||
5664 | (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or append | |
5665 | where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory files | |
5666 | model on-disk files and can only contain bytes. | |
5667 | ||
fe13d51d | 5668 | =item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" |
e7ea3e70 | 5669 | |
be771a83 GS |
5670 | (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation |
5671 | stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to | |
5672 | C<can> may break this. | |
e7ea3e70 | 5673 | |
4e85e1b4 FC |
5674 | =item Subroutine "&%s" is not available |
5675 | ||
5676 | (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is | |
5677 | attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not currently | |
5678 | available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the lexical | |
c387a7d0 FC |
5679 | subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has |
5680 | not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at compile | |
5681 | time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For example, | |
4e85e1b4 FC |
5682 | |
5683 | sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } } | |
5684 | ||
c387a7d0 | 5685 | At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a" sub, |
4e85e1b4 FC |
5686 | since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely, the |
5687 | following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by now | |
5688 | been created and is live: | |
5689 | ||
5690 | sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->(); | |
5691 | ||
c387a7d0 FC |
5692 | The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical subroutine |
5693 | that has gone out of scope, for example, | |
4e85e1b4 FC |
5694 | |
5695 | sub f { | |
5696 | my sub a {...} | |
5697 | sub { eval '\&a' } | |
5698 | } | |
5699 | f()->(); | |
5700 | ||
5701 | Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently | |
5702 | being executed, so its &a is not available for capture. | |
5703 | ||
4eb94d7c FC |
5704 | =item "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s |
5705 | ||
5706 | (W misc) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the | |
5707 | current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to | |
5708 | the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical error. | |
5709 | Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the end of | |
20d33786 | 5710 | the scope or until all closure references to it are destroyed. |
4eb94d7c | 5711 | |
9d92fedb FC |
5712 | =item Subroutine %s redefined |
5713 | ||
5714 | (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say | |
5715 | ||
5716 | { | |
5717 | no warnings 'redefine'; | |
5718 | eval "sub name { ... }"; | |
5719 | } | |
5720 | ||
2a9203e9 FC |
5721 | =item Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared |
5722 | ||
5723 | (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a "my" | |
5724 | subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine. | |
5725 | ||
5726 | When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the outer | |
5727 | subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during the *first* | |
5728 | call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the | |
5729 | outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no | |
5730 | longer share a common value for the lexical subroutine. In other words, | |
5731 | it will no longer be shared. This will especially make a difference | |
5732 | if the lexical subroutines accesses lexical variables declared in its | |
5733 | surrounding scope. | |
5734 | ||
5735 | This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine | |
5736 | anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that | |
5737 | reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are created, they | |
5738 | are automatically rebound to the current values of such lexical subs. | |
5739 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
5740 | =item Substitution loop |
5741 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5742 | (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution |
5743 | shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which | |
5744 | is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in | |
5d44bfff | 5745 | L<perlop/"Regexp Quote-Like Operators">. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5746 | |
5747 | =item Substitution pattern not terminated | |
5748 | ||
d1be9408 | 5749 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{} |
a0d0e21e | 5750 | construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. |
fb73857a | 5751 | Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5752 | |
5753 | =item Substitution replacement not terminated | |
5754 | ||
d1be9408 | 5755 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{} |
a0d0e21e | 5756 | construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. |
fb73857a | 5757 | Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5758 | |
5759 | =item substr outside of string | |
5760 | ||
8a9eb13d | 5761 | (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of |
be771a83 GS |
5762 | a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the |
5763 | length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if | |
5764 | substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an | |
5765 | assignment or as a subroutine argument for example). | |
a0d0e21e | 5766 | |
bf1320bf RGS |
5767 | =item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d |
5768 | ||
9d277376 | 5769 | (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was actually |
bf1320bf RGS |
5770 | inferior to its current type. |
5771 | ||
05a40652 FC |
5772 | =item SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref |
5773 | ||
5774 | (P) Something went wrong internally when Perl was trying to look up | |
5775 | Unicode characters. | |
5776 | ||
6fbc9859 | 5777 | =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by |
e0e4a6e3 | 5778 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
b45f050a | 5779 | |
fa816bf3 FC |
5780 | (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most |
5781 | two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or | |
5782 | both to contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose | |
5783 | it in clustering parentheses: | |
b45f050a JF |
5784 | |
5785 | (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause) | |
5786 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 5787 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem |
fa816bf3 | 5788 | was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 5789 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
5790 | =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
5791 | m/%s/ | |
b45f050a | 5792 | |
9f57786a FC |
5793 | (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct |
5794 | is not known. The condition must be one of the following: | |
5795 | ||
5796 | (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched | |
5797 | (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched | |
5798 | (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches | |
5799 | (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match | |
5800 | (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value | |
5801 | (R) true if evaluating inside recursion | |
5802 | (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc. | |
5803 | (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture | |
5804 | (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns | |
5805 | ||
6e8a73f2 | 5806 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
9f57786a | 5807 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
b45f050a | 5808 | |
a1244175 FC |
5809 | =item Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by |
5810 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
5811 | ||
99775d13 FC |
5812 | (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere |
5813 | in the pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate | |
5814 | position. See L<perlre>. | |
a1244175 | 5815 | |
85ab1d1d JH |
5816 | =item switching effective %s is not implemented |
5817 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5818 | (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real |
5819 | and effective uids or gids. | |
85ab1d1d | 5820 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
5821 | =item syntax error |
5822 | ||
5823 | (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include: | |
5824 | ||
5825 | A keyword is misspelled. | |
5826 | A semicolon is missing. | |
5827 | A comma is missing. | |
5828 | An opening or closing parenthesis is missing. | |
5829 | An opening or closing brace is missing. | |
5830 | A closing quote is missing. | |
5831 | ||
5832 | Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax | |
5833 | error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.) | |
5834 | The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when | |
5835 | it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens | |
5f05dabc | 5836 | before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5837 | Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon |
5838 | the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call | |
5839 | C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see | |
524e9188 | 5840 | if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 questions>. |
a0d0e21e | 5841 | |
ccf3535a | 5842 | =item syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected |
cb1a09d0 | 5843 | |
be771a83 GS |
5844 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead |
5845 | of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl | |
5846 | yourself. | |
cb1a09d0 | 5847 | |
25f58aea PN |
5848 | =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s" |
5849 | ||
5850 | (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through | |
5851 | a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict" | |
5852 | or "my $var" or "our $var". | |
5853 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
5854 | =item Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex m/%s/ |
5855 | ||
5856 | (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct; this | |
5857 | notifies you that it is giving up trying. | |
5858 | ||
591f5ca2 FC |
5859 | =item %s syntax OK |
5860 | ||
5861 | (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds. | |
5862 | ||
b5fe5ca2 SR |
5863 | =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s |
5864 | ||
5865 | (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle. | |
5866 | ||
5867 | =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s | |
5868 | ||
5869 | (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened. | |
5870 | ||
6087ac44 | 5871 | =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine |
a0d0e21e | 5872 | |
6087ac44 JH |
5873 | (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem", |
5874 | "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your | |
5875 | machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be | |
5876 | unconfigured. Consult your system support. | |
a0d0e21e | 5877 | |
69282e91 | 5878 | =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s |
a0d0e21e | 5879 | |
be771a83 | 5880 | (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 5881 | before now. Check your control flow. |
a0d0e21e | 5882 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
5883 | =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles |
5884 | ||
5885 | (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't | |
5886 | know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead. | |
5887 | ||
fc36a67e | 5888 | =item Target of goto is too deeply nested |
5889 | ||
be771a83 GS |
5890 | (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested |
5891 | for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing. | |
fc36a67e | 5892 | |
abc7ecad SP |
5893 | =item telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s |
5894 | ||
5895 | (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not really | |
5896 | a dirhandle. Check your control flow. | |
5897 | ||
c2771421 FC |
5898 | =item tell() on unopened filehandle |
5899 | ||
5900 | (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that | |
5901 | was either never opened or has since been closed. | |
5902 | ||
b82b06b8 FC |
5903 | =item That use of $[ is unsupported |
5904 | ||
5905 | (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted | |
5906 | as a compiler directive. You may say only one of | |
5907 | ||
5908 | $[ = 0; | |
5909 | $[ = 1; | |
5910 | ... | |
5911 | local $[ = 0; | |
5912 | local $[ = 1; | |
5913 | ... | |
5914 | ||
5915 | This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out | |
5916 | from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[> and L<arybase>. | |
5917 | ||
a6eb74ec FC |
5918 | =item The bitwise feature is experimental |
5919 | ||
5920 | (S experimental::bitwise) This warning is emitted if you use bitwise | |
5921 | operators (C<& | ^ ~ &. |. ^. ~.>) with the "bitwise" feature enabled. | |
5922 | Simply suppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but know | |
5923 | that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental | |
5924 | feature which may change or be removed in a future Perl version: | |
5925 | ||
5926 | no warnings "experimental::bitwise"; | |
5927 | use feature "bitwise"; | |
5928 | $x |.= $y; | |
5929 | ||
67b16946 | 5930 | =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia. |
a0d0e21e LW |
5931 | |
5932 | (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine, | |
5933 | probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they | |
8b1a09fc | 5934 | think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they |
a0d0e21e LW |
5935 | will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I |
5936 | will deny it. | |
5937 | ||
3f645a4e FC |
5938 | =item The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled |
5939 | ||
5940 | (F) To declare references to variables, as in C<my \%x>, you must first enable | |
5941 | the feature: | |
5942 | ||
5943 | no warnings "experimental::declared_refs"; | |
5944 | use feature "declared_refs"; | |
5945 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
5946 | =item The %s function is unimplemented |
5947 | ||
5948 | (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, | |
5949 | according to the probings of Configure. | |
5950 | ||
0d0b4b3b KW |
5951 | =item The regex_sets feature is experimental |
5952 | ||
5953 | (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you | |
5954 | use the syntax S<C<(?[ ])>> in a regular expression. | |
5955 | The details of this feature are subject to change. | |
5956 | if you want to use it, but know that in doing so you | |
5957 | are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may | |
5958 | change in a future Perl version, you can do this to silence the | |
5959 | warning: | |
5960 | ||
5961 | no warnings "experimental::regex_sets"; | |
5962 | ||
30d9c59b Z |
5963 | =item The signatures feature is experimental |
5964 | ||
5965 | (S experimental::signatures) This warning is emitted if you unwrap a | |
5966 | subroutine's arguments using a signature. Simply suppress the warning | |
5967 | if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking | |
5968 | the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be removed | |
5969 | in a future Perl version: | |
5970 | ||
5971 | no warnings "experimental::signatures"; | |
5972 | use feature "signatures"; | |
5973 | sub foo ($left, $right) { ... } | |
5974 | ||
5e1c7ca2 | 5975 | =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat |
a0d0e21e | 5976 | |
be771a83 GS |
5977 | (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic |
5978 | linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went | |
5979 | past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename | |
5980 | instead. | |
a0d0e21e | 5981 | |
371fce9b DM |
5982 | =item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables |
5983 | ||
1108974d | 5984 | (F) This attribute was never supported on C<my> or C<sub> declarations. |
371fce9b | 5985 | |
437784d6 | 5986 | =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s) |
f675dbe5 CB |
5987 | |
5988 | =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s) | |
5989 | ||
75b44862 | 5990 | (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an |
be771a83 GS |
5991 | element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl |
5992 | wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll | |
5993 | need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine | |
5994 | F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the | |
5995 | target of the change to | |
f675dbe5 CB |
5996 | %ENV which produced the warning. |
5997 | ||
6a5b4183 YO |
5998 | =item This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set(). |
5999 | ||
6000 | (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which | |
6001 | depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for randomized hash | |
f26c79ba | 6002 | key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled without it. You should |
6a5b4183 YO |
6003 | report this warning to the relevant upstream party, or recompile perl |
6004 | with default options. | |
6005 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
6006 | =item times not implemented |
6007 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6008 | (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I |
6009 | suspect you're not running on Unix. | |
a0d0e21e | 6010 | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
6011 | =item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line |
6012 | ||
b7e4ecc1 FC |
6013 | (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains |
6014 | the B<-T> option (or the B<-t> option), but Perl was not invoked with | |
6015 | B<-T> in its command line. This is an error because, by the time | |
6016 | Perl discovers a B<-T> in a script, it's too late to properly taint | |
6017 | everything from the environment. So Perl gives up. | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
6018 | |
6019 | If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #! | |
b7e4ecc1 FC |
6020 | mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be |
6021 | fixed by editing the #! line so that the B<-%c> option is a part of | |
6022 | Perl's first argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -%c> to C<perl -%c -n>. | |
6d3b25aa RGS |
6023 | |
6024 | If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the | |
fe13d51d | 6025 | B<-%c> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -%c scriptname>. |
6d3b25aa | 6026 | |
3a2263fe RGS |
6027 | =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s' |
6028 | ||
6029 | (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst, | |
6030 | uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you | |
6031 | specified an illegal mapping. | |
6032 | See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">. | |
6033 | ||
49704364 WL |
6034 | =item Too deeply nested ()-groups |
6035 | ||
1a147d38 | 6036 | (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level. |
49704364 | 6037 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6038 | =item Too few args to syscall |
6039 | ||
6040 | (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the | |
6041 | system call to call, silly dilly. | |
6042 | ||
bb6b75cd DM |
6043 | =item Too few arguments for subroutine |
6044 | ||
6045 | (F) A subroutine using a signature received too few arguments than | |
6046 | required by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably | |
6047 | at fault. | |
6048 | ||
96ebfdd7 RK |
6049 | =item Too late for "-%s" option |
6050 | ||
6051 | (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the | |
4ba71d51 FC |
6052 | B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option. |
6053 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
6054 | In the case of B<-M> and B<-m>, this is an error because those options |
6055 | are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead. | |
4ba71d51 | 6056 | |
6903afa2 FC |
6057 | The B<-C> option only works if it is specified on the command line as |
6058 | well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following). Either | |
6059 | specify this option on the command line, or, if your system supports | |
6060 | it, make your script executable and run it directly instead of passing | |
6061 | it to perl. | |
96ebfdd7 | 6062 | |
ddda08b7 GS |
6063 | =item Too late to run %s block |
6064 | ||
6065 | (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper, | |
6066 | when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are | |
be771a83 GS |
6067 | loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use> |
6068 | instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a | |
6069 | BEGIN block. | |
ddda08b7 | 6070 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6071 | =item Too many args to syscall |
6072 | ||
5f05dabc | 6073 | (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall(). |
a0d0e21e LW |
6074 | |
6075 | =item Too many arguments for %s | |
6076 | ||
6077 | (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified. | |
6078 | ||
bb6b75cd DM |
6079 | =item Too many arguments for subroutine |
6080 | ||
6081 | (F) A subroutine using a signature received too many arguments than | |
6082 | required by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is presumably | |
6083 | at fault. | |
6084 | ||
6085 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
6086 | =item Too many )'s |
6087 | ||
49704364 WL |
6088 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. |
6089 | Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. | |
6090 | ||
8c40cb74 NC |
6091 | =item Too many ('s |
6092 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6093 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. |
6094 | Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. | |
6df41af2 | 6095 | |
7253e4e3 | 6096 | =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e | 6097 | |
be771a83 GS |
6098 | (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash. |
6099 | Backslash it. See L<perlre>. | |
a0d0e21e | 6100 | |
2c268ad5 | 6101 | =item Transliteration pattern not terminated |
a0d0e21e LW |
6102 | |
6103 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][] | |
fb73857a | 6104 | or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables |
6105 | C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error. | |
a0d0e21e | 6106 | |
2c268ad5 | 6107 | =item Transliteration replacement not terminated |
a0d0e21e | 6108 | |
6a36df5d YST |
6109 | (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][], |
6110 | y/// or y[][] construct. | |
a0d0e21e | 6111 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6112 | =item '%s' trapped by operation mask |
6113 | ||
6114 | (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's | |
6903afa2 | 6115 | disallowed. See L<Safe>. |
96ebfdd7 | 6116 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6117 | =item truncate not implemented |
6118 | ||
6119 | (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that | |
6120 | Configure knows about. | |
6121 | ||
19c481f4 FC |
6122 | =item Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s |
6123 | ||
6124 | (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its argument | |
6125 | to be a hard reference to data of the specified type. Overloading is | |
6126 | ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the specified type, but | |
6127 | nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will still not be accepted. | |
6128 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
6129 | =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s) |
6130 | ||
6131 | (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a | |
8b1a09fc | 6132 | certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be |
6133 | %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6134 | {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>. |
6135 | ||
eec2d3df GS |
6136 | =item umask not implemented |
6137 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6138 | (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to |
6139 | use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700). | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6140 | |
6141 | =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs | |
6142 | ||
c632e777 | 6143 | (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how |
be771a83 | 6144 | many execution contexts were entered and left. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6145 | |
6146 | =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores | |
6147 | ||
4a983e45 | 6148 | (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how |
be771a83 | 6149 | many values were temporarily localized. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6150 | |
6151 | =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs | |
6152 | ||
090cebb2 | 6153 | (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how |
be771a83 | 6154 | many blocks were entered and left. |
a0d0e21e | 6155 | |
6651ba0b FC |
6156 | =item Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s" |
6157 | ||
31ff3bd2 | 6158 | (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the shared |
6651ba0b FC |
6159 | string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The entries |
6160 | should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere. | |
6161 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
6162 | =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees |
6163 | ||
2092d7c1 | 6164 | (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how |
be771a83 | 6165 | many mortal scalars were allocated and freed. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6166 | |
6167 | =item Undefined format "%s" called | |
6168 | ||
6169 | (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in | |
6170 | another package? See L<perlform>. | |
6171 | ||
6172 | =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called | |
6173 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6174 | (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist. |
6175 | Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6176 | |
6177 | =item Undefined subroutine &%s called | |
6178 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6179 | (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has |
6180 | since been undefined. | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6181 | |
6182 | =item Undefined subroutine called | |
6183 | ||
6184 | (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined, | |
6185 | or if it was, it has since been undefined. | |
6186 | ||
6187 | =item Undefined subroutine in sort | |
6188 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6189 | (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem |
6190 | to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>. | |
a0d0e21e | 6191 | |
4633a7c4 LW |
6192 | =item Undefined top format "%s" called |
6193 | ||
6194 | (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in | |
6195 | another package? See L<perlform>. | |
6196 | ||
20408e3c GS |
6197 | =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob |
6198 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6199 | (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la |
6200 | C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean | |
6201 | C<undef *foo>. | |
20408e3c | 6202 | |
6df41af2 GS |
6203 | =item %s: Undefined variable |
6204 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6205 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. |
6206 | Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. | |
6df41af2 | 6207 | |
286c9456 | 6208 | =item Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
8e84dec2 KW |
6209 | |
6210 | (D deprecated, regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to | |
286c9456 | 6211 | match a literal C<{> character (U+007B C<LEFT CURLY BRACKET>) in a |
8e84dec2 KW |
6212 | regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in |
6213 | some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like | |
286c9456 A |
6214 | C<\{> or enclose it in square brackets (C<[{]>). If the pattern |
6215 | delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace (C<}>) should | |
8e84dec2 KW |
6216 | also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example, |
6217 | ||
6218 | qr{abc\{def\}ghi} | |
6219 | ||
286c9456 | 6220 | Forcing literal C<{> characters to be escaped will enable the Perl |
8e84dec2 KW |
6221 | language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To avoid |
6222 | needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not enforced in | |
6223 | contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions that could | |
286c9456 | 6224 | conflict with the use there of C<{> as a literal. |
8e84dec2 | 6225 | |
286c9456 | 6226 | In this release of Perl, some literal uses of C<{> are fatal, and some |
8e84dec2 | 6227 | still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some uses of a |
286c9456 | 6228 | literal C<{> that should have raised a deprecation warning starting in |
8e84dec2 KW |
6229 | v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-warned uses fatal |
6230 | now, some of the planned extensions can be made to the language sooner. | |
286c9456 | 6231 | The cases which are still allowed will be fatal in Perl 5.30. |
8e84dec2 KW |
6232 | |
6233 | The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are: | |
6234 | ||
6235 | =over 4 | |
6236 | ||
6237 | =item * | |
6238 | ||
286c9456 | 6239 | as the first character in a pattern, or following C<^> indicating to |
8e84dec2 KW |
6240 | anchor the match to the beginning of a line. |
6241 | ||
6242 | =item * | |
6243 | ||
286c9456 | 6244 | as the first character following a C<|> indicating alternation. |
8e84dec2 KW |
6245 | |
6246 | =item * | |
6247 | ||
6248 | as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like | |
6249 | ||
6250 | /foo({bar)/ | |
6251 | /foo(?:{bar)/ | |
6252 | ||
6253 | =item * | |
6254 | ||
6255 | as the first character following a quantifier | |
6256 | ||
6257 | /\s*{/ | |
6258 | ||
6259 | =back | |
6260 | ||
6261 | =for comment | |
6262 | The text of the message above is duplicated below to allow splain (and | |
6263 | 'use diagnostics') to work. Since one is fatal, and one not, they can't | |
6264 | be combined as one message. And since the non-fatal one is temporary, | |
6265 | there's no real need to enhance perldiag to handle this transient case. | |
6266 | ||
6267 | =item Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; | |
6e8a73f2 | 6268 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
412f55bb | 6269 | |
8e84dec2 KW |
6270 | (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to |
6271 | match a literal C<"{"> character (U+007B C<LEFT CURLY BRACKET>) in a | |
6272 | regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in | |
6273 | some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like | |
6274 | C<"\{"> or enclose it in square brackets (C<"[{]">). If the pattern | |
6275 | delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace (C<"}">) should | |
6276 | also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example, | |
6277 | ||
6278 | qr{abc\{def\}ghi} | |
6279 | ||
6280 | Forcing literal C<"{"> characters to be escaped will enable the Perl | |
6281 | language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To avoid | |
6282 | needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not enforced in | |
6283 | contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions that could | |
6284 | conflict with the use there of C<"{"> as a literal. | |
6285 | ||
6286 | In this release of Perl, some literal uses of C<"{"> are fatal, and some | |
6287 | still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some uses of a | |
6288 | literal C<"{"> that should have raised a deprecation warning starting in | |
6289 | v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-warned uses fatal | |
6290 | now, some of the planned extensions can be made to the language sooner. | |
6291 | ||
6292 | The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are: | |
6293 | ||
6294 | =over 4 | |
6295 | ||
6296 | =item * | |
6297 | ||
6298 | as the first character in a pattern, or following C<"^"> indicating to | |
6299 | anchor the match to the beginning of a line. | |
6300 | ||
6301 | =item * | |
6302 | ||
6303 | as the first character following a C<"|"> indicating alternation. | |
6304 | ||
6305 | =item * | |
6306 | ||
6307 | as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like | |
6308 | ||
6309 | /foo({bar)/ | |
6310 | /foo(?:{bar)/ | |
6311 | ||
6312 | =item * | |
6313 | ||
6314 | as the first character following a quantifier | |
412f55bb | 6315 | |
8e84dec2 | 6316 | /\s*{/ |
412f55bb | 6317 | |
8e84dec2 | 6318 | =back |
1656665e | 6319 | |
a4368cc3 KW |
6320 | =item Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ |
6321 | ||
6322 | (W regexp) (only under C<S<use re 'strict'>>) | |
6323 | ||
6324 | Within the scope of C<S<use re 'strict'>> in a regular expression | |
6325 | pattern, you included an unescaped C<}> or C<]> which was interpreted | |
6326 | literally. These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and | |
6327 | sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the | |
6328 | pattern. This is unlike the similar C<)> which is always a | |
6329 | metacharacter unless escaped. | |
6330 | ||
6331 | This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to Perl | |
6332 | silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify that you | |
6333 | want extra checking by C<S<use re 'strict'>>, this warning is generated. | |
6334 | If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm that to Perl by | |
6335 | preceding the character with a backslash, or make it into a bracketed | |
6336 | character class (like C<[}]>). If you meant it as closing a | |
6337 | corresponding C<[> or C<{>, you'll need to look back through the pattern | |
6338 | to find out why that isn't happening. | |
6339 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
6340 | =item unexec of %s into %s failed! |
6341 | ||
6342 | (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF | |
6343 | representative, who probably put it there in the first place. | |
6344 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6345 | =item Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex; |
6346 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
0d0b4b3b | 6347 | |
675fa9ff | 6348 | (F) You had something like this: |
0d0b4b3b KW |
6349 | |
6350 | (?[ | \p{Digit} ]) | |
6351 | ||
6352 | where the C<"|"> is a binary operator with an operand on the right, but | |
6353 | no operand on the left. | |
6354 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 6355 | =item Unexpected character in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
0d0b4b3b | 6356 | |
675fa9ff | 6357 | (F) You had something like this: |
0d0b4b3b KW |
6358 | |
6359 | (?[ z ]) | |
6360 | ||
6361 | Within C<(?[ ])>, no literal characters are allowed unless they are | |
6362 | within an inner pair of square brackets, like | |
6363 | ||
6364 | (?[ [ z ] ]) | |
6365 | ||
6366 | Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't smart | |
6367 | enough to figure out what you really meant. | |
6368 | ||
6651ba0b FC |
6369 | =item Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d |
6370 | ||
6371 | (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed an | |
6372 | internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree. | |
6373 | ||
6c341f67 TC |
6374 | =item Unexpected exit %u |
6375 | ||
6376 | (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully when | |
6377 | C<PERL_EXIT_WARN> was set in C<PL_exit_flags>. | |
6378 | ||
878ce265 | 6379 | =item Unexpected exit failure %d |
6c341f67 TC |
6380 | |
6381 | (S) An uncaught die() was called when C<PERL_EXIT_WARN> was set in | |
6382 | C<PL_exit_flags>. | |
6383 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 6384 | =item Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
6385 | |
6386 | (F) You had something like this: | |
6387 | ||
6388 | (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ]) | |
6389 | ||
6390 | The C<")"> is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to | |
6391 | be combined with the digits, or the C<"+"> shouldn't be there, or | |
6392 | something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended. | |
6393 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6394 | =item Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by |
6395 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
675fa9ff FC |
6396 | |
6397 | (F) You had something like this: | |
6398 | ||
6399 | (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ]) | |
6400 | ||
6401 | There should be an operator before the C<"(">, as there's | |
6402 | no indication as to how the digits are to be combined | |
6403 | with the characters in the Lao and Thai scripts. | |
6404 | ||
ba707cdc | 6405 | =item Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange |
0876b9a0 | 6406 | |
4c2e59a0 | 6407 | (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are |
66a1f5ec FC |
6408 | defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those |
6409 | are legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so, | |
6410 | applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application | |
6411 | may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving | |
6412 | them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can | |
6413 | turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'nonchar';>. | |
6414 | ||
6415 | This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be | |
6416 | raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently | |
6417 | the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious. | |
6a807e21 | 6418 | |
c794c51b FC |
6419 | =item Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8 |
6420 | ||
4c2e59a0 | 6421 | (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are |
c794c51b FC |
6422 | not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and |
6423 | U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16. However, Perl | |
6424 | internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit | |
6425 | available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause | |
6426 | problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message | |
6427 | came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn | |
8457b38f | 6428 | off this warning by C<no warnings 'surrogate';>. |
c794c51b | 6429 | |
dcfe9e74 KW |
6430 | =item Unknown charname '%s' |
6431 | ||
6432 | (F) The name you used inside C<\N{}> is unknown to Perl. Check the | |
6433 | spelling. You can say C<use charnames ":loose"> to not have to be | |
6434 | so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard Unicode | |
6435 | names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be specified | |
6436 | exactly, regardless of whether C<:loose> is used or not.) This error may | |
6437 | also happen if the C<\N{}> is not in the scope of the corresponding | |
6438 | C<S<use charnames>>. | |
6439 | ||
db99d38d | 6440 | =item Unknown charname '' is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28 |
09eb1f39 FC |
6441 | |
6442 | (D deprecated) You had a C<\N{}> with nothing between the braces. This | |
db99d38d A |
6443 | usage was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and will be made a syntax error in |
6444 | in Perl 5.28. | |
09eb1f39 | 6445 | |
04177465 FC |
6446 | =item Unknown error |
6447 | ||
6448 | (P) Perl was about to print an error message in C<$@>, but the C<$@> variable | |
6449 | did not exist, even after an attempt to create it. | |
6450 | ||
6170680b IZ |
6451 | =item Unknown open() mode '%s' |
6452 | ||
437784d6 | 6453 | (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list |
c47ff5f1 | 6454 | of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>, |
488dad83 | 6455 | C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>. |
6170680b | 6456 | |
b4581f09 JH |
6457 | =item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s" |
6458 | ||
6459 | (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O | |
6460 | system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and | |
6461 | internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>, | |
6462 | are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't | |
6463 | explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the | |
6464 | value of the environment variable PERLIO. | |
6465 | ||
f675dbe5 CB |
6466 | =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s |
6467 | ||
6468 | (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before | |
6469 | iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of | |
6470 | data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to | |
6471 | subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes. | |
a05d7ebb | 6472 | |
0da72d5e KW |
6473 | =item Unknown regex modifier "%s" |
6474 | ||
6475 | (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter | |
6476 | of a regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier | |
6477 | flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid. One way | |
6478 | this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between the end of | |
6479 | the regex and a following alphanumeric operator: | |
6480 | ||
6481 | if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... } | |
6482 | ||
6483 | The C<"a"> is a valid modifier flag, but the C<"n"> is not, and raises | |
6484 | this error. Likely what was meant instead was: | |
6485 | ||
6486 | if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... } | |
6487 | ||
5a25739d FC |
6488 | =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s) |
6489 | ||
6490 | (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma. | |
6491 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6492 | =item Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
6493 | m/%s/ | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6494 | |
6495 | (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct | |
6903afa2 | 6496 | is not known. The condition must be one of the following: |
5fecf430 | 6497 | |
674f6ed9 FC |
6498 | (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched |
6499 | (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched | |
6500 | (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches | |
6501 | (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match | |
6502 | (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value | |
6503 | (R) true if evaluating inside recursion | |
6504 | (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc. | |
6505 | (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture | |
6506 | (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns | |
96ebfdd7 | 6507 | |
6e8a73f2 | 6508 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6509 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
6510 | ||
a05d7ebb JH |
6511 | =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c' |
6512 | ||
a4a4c9e2 | 6513 | (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation |
a05d7ebb JH |
6514 | of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options. |
6515 | ||
64187737 | 6516 | =item Unknown Unicode option value %d |
a05d7ebb | 6517 | |
a4a4c9e2 | 6518 | (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation |
a05d7ebb | 6519 | of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options. |
f675dbe5 | 6520 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6521 | =item Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
e2e6a0f1 YO |
6522 | |
6523 | (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a C<*> quantifier | |
6524 | after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review | |
6525 | L<perlre> for details on legal verb patterns. | |
6526 | ||
c2771421 FC |
6527 | =item Unknown warnings category '%s' |
6528 | ||
6903afa2 | 6529 | (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings |
c2771421 FC |
6530 | category that is unknown to perl at this point. |
6531 | ||
14ef4c80 FC |
6532 | Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a |
6533 | module (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have loaded this | |
6534 | module first. | |
c2771421 | 6535 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6536 | =item Unmatched [ in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6df41af2 | 6537 | |
6903afa2 | 6538 | (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to |
be771a83 | 6539 | include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it |
e0e4a6e3 | 6540 | first. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
6903afa2 | 6541 | problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
6df41af2 | 6542 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6543 | =item Unmatched ( in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
aec0ef10 | 6544 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6545 | =item Unmatched ) in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
a0d0e21e LW |
6546 | |
6547 | (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular | |
6903afa2 | 6548 | expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding |
e0e4a6e3 | 6549 | the matching parenthesis. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the |
9e3ec65c | 6550 | regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. |
a0d0e21e | 6551 | |
d98d5fff | 6552 | =item Unmatched right %s bracket |
a0d0e21e | 6553 | |
be771a83 GS |
6554 | (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening |
6555 | ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a | |
6556 | general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place | |
6557 | you were last editing. | |
a0d0e21e | 6558 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6559 | =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word |
6560 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6561 | (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a |
6562 | reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it | |
6563 | somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a | |
6564 | subroutine. | |
a0d0e21e | 6565 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6566 | =item Unrecognized character %s; marked by S<<-- HERE> after %s near column |
6567 | %d | |
a0d0e21e | 6568 | |
54310121 | 6569 | (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character |
1b303a7d FC |
6570 | in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column. Perhaps you |
6571 | tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as | |
6572 | a Perl program. | |
a0d0e21e | 6573 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6574 | =item Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by |
6575 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
0d0b4b3b | 6576 | |
675fa9ff FC |
6577 | (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not |
6578 | recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal | |
6579 | error when the character class is used within C<(?[ ])>. | |
0d0b4b3b | 6580 | |
6fbc9859 | 6581 | =item Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex; |
e0e4a6e3 | 6582 | marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6df41af2 | 6583 | |
be771a83 GS |
6584 | (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not |
6585 | recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was | |
b224edc1 | 6586 | understood literally, but this may change in a future version of Perl. |
e0e4a6e3 | 6587 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the |
2628b4e0 | 6588 | escape was discovered. |
6df41af2 | 6589 | |
4a68bf9d | 6590 | =item Unrecognized escape \%c passed through |
2f7da168 | 6591 | |
2628b4e0 | 6592 | (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not |
b224edc1 KW |
6593 | recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but this may |
6594 | change in a future version of Perl. | |
2f7da168 | 6595 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6596 | =item Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by |
6597 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
6df41af2 | 6598 | |
be771a83 | 6599 | (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not |
b7e4ecc1 | 6600 | recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally, but |
e0e4a6e3 | 6601 | this may change in a future version of Perl. The S<<-- HERE> shows |
9e3ec65c | 6602 | whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered. |
6df41af2 | 6603 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6604 | =item Unrecognized signal name "%s" |
6605 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6606 | (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not |
6607 | recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names | |
6608 | on your system. | |
a0d0e21e | 6609 | |
90248788 | 6610 | =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options) |
a0d0e21e | 6611 | |
be771a83 GS |
6612 | (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you |
6613 | think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the | |
6614 | bad switch on your behalf.) | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6615 | |
6616 | =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline | |
6617 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6618 | (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that |
6619 | operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline, | |
5b3eff12 | 6620 | PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>. |
a0d0e21e LW |
6621 | |
6622 | =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called | |
6623 | ||
6624 | (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir(). | |
6625 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
6626 | =item Unsupported function %s |
6627 | ||
6628 | (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently. | |
6629 | At least, Configure doesn't think so. | |
6630 | ||
54310121 | 6631 | =item Unsupported function fork |
6632 | ||
6633 | (F) Your version of executable does not support forking. | |
6634 | ||
be771a83 | 6635 | Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors |
6903afa2 | 6636 | of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try |
be771a83 | 6637 | changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on. |
54310121 | 6638 | |
7aa207d6 | 6639 | =item Unsupported script encoding %s |
b250498f GS |
6640 | |
6641 | (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which | |
7aa207d6 | 6642 | declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read. |
b250498f | 6643 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
6644 | =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called |
6645 | ||
6646 | (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at | |
6647 | least that's what Configure thought. | |
6648 | ||
6df41af2 | 6649 | =item Unterminated attribute list |
a0d0e21e | 6650 | |
be771a83 GS |
6651 | (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the |
6652 | start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a | |
6653 | block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous | |
6654 | attribute too soon. See L<attributes>. | |
a0d0e21e | 6655 | |
09bef843 SB |
6656 | =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list |
6657 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6658 | (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing |
6659 | an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis | |
09bef843 SB |
6660 | character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash |
6661 | character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>. | |
6662 | ||
f1991046 GS |
6663 | =item Unterminated compressed integer |
6664 | ||
6665 | (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER | |
6666 | compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer. | |
6667 | See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
6668 | ||
6f2d7fc9 FC |
6669 | =item Unterminated delimiter for here document |
6670 | ||
6671 | (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial | |
6672 | quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps | |
6673 | you wrote: | |
6674 | ||
6675 | <<"foo | |
6676 | ||
6677 | instead of: | |
6678 | ||
6679 | <<"foo" | |
6680 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 6681 | =item Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
779fedd7 | 6682 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6683 | =item Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
2bf803e2 | 6684 | |
5364049c KW |
6685 | (F) In a regular expression, you had a C<\g> that wasn't followed by a |
6686 | proper group reference. In the case of C<\g{>, the closing brace is | |
6687 | missing; otherwise the C<\g> must be followed by an integer. Fix the | |
6688 | pattern and retry. | |
e2e6a0f1 | 6689 | |
6df41af2 | 6690 | =item Unterminated <> operator |
09bef843 | 6691 | |
6df41af2 | 6692 | (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting |
be771a83 GS |
6693 | a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and |
6694 | not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out | |
6695 | earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than". | |
09bef843 | 6696 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6697 | =item Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
6698 | m/%s/ | |
905fe053 FC |
6699 | |
6700 | (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB:ARG)> but did not terminate | |
6903afa2 | 6701 | the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry. |
905fe053 | 6702 | |
e0e4a6e3 | 6703 | =item Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
905fe053 FC |
6704 | |
6705 | (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB)> but did not terminate | |
6903afa2 | 6706 | the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry. |
905fe053 | 6707 | |
6df41af2 | 6708 | =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist |
a0d0e21e | 6709 | |
be771a83 GS |
6710 | (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was |
6711 | still valid when C<untie> was called. | |
a0d0e21e | 6712 | |
8e11cd2b JC |
6713 | =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s) |
6714 | ||
6715 | (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. | |
6716 | See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information. | |
6717 | ||
6718 | =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s) | |
6719 | ||
6720 | (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. | |
6721 | See L<Win32> for more information. | |
6722 | ||
89474f50 FC |
6723 | =item $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?) |
6724 | ||
6725 | (W syntax) You used C<$[> in a comparison, such as: | |
6726 | ||
6727 | if ($[ > 5.006) { | |
6728 | ... | |
6729 | } | |
6730 | ||
6731 | You probably meant to use C<$]> instead. C<$[> is the base for indexing | |
6732 | arrays. C<$]> is the Perl version number in decimal. | |
6733 | ||
6da34ecb FC |
6734 | =item Use "%s" instead of "%s" |
6735 | ||
6736 | (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal. Use the first one | |
6737 | instead. | |
6738 | ||
8fe85e3f FC |
6739 | =item Useless assignment to a temporary |
6740 | ||
6741 | (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what | |
6742 | the subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to | |
6743 | be discarded, so the assignment had no effect. | |
6744 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6745 | =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by |
6746 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
9d1d55b5 | 6747 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6748 | (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no |
6749 | meaning unless removed from the entire regexp: | |
9d1d55b5 | 6750 | |
96ebfdd7 | 6751 | if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... } |
9d1d55b5 JP |
6752 | |
6753 | must be written as | |
6754 | ||
96ebfdd7 | 6755 | if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... } |
9d1d55b5 | 6756 | |
6e8a73f2 | 6757 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
9e3ec65c | 6758 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
9d1d55b5 | 6759 | |
b4581f09 JH |
6760 | =item Useless localization of %s |
6761 | ||
6903afa2 FC |
6762 | (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is legal, |
6763 | but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at | |
b4581f09 JH |
6764 | some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged. |
6765 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
6766 | =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in |
6767 | m/%s/ | |
9d1d55b5 | 6768 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6769 | (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no |
6770 | meaning unless applied to the entire regexp: | |
9d1d55b5 | 6771 | |
96ebfdd7 | 6772 | if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... } |
9d1d55b5 JP |
6773 | |
6774 | must be written as | |
6775 | ||
96ebfdd7 | 6776 | if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... } |
9d1d55b5 | 6777 | |
6e8a73f2 | 6778 | The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was |
9e3ec65c | 6779 | discovered. See L<perlre>. |
9d1d55b5 | 6780 | |
3108f4df FC |
6781 | =item Useless use of attribute "const" |
6782 | ||
796b6530 | 6783 | (W misc) The C<const> attribute has no effect except |
3108f4df FC |
6784 | on anonymous closure prototypes. You applied it to |
6785 | a subroutine via L<attributes.pm|attributes>. This is only useful | |
6786 | inside an attribute handler for an anonymous subroutine. | |
6787 | ||
b08e453b RB |
6788 | =item Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator |
6789 | ||
6790 | (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the | |
6903afa2 | 6791 | same length as the replacelist. See L<perlop> for more information |
b08e453b RB |
6792 | about the /d modifier. |
6793 | ||
820438b1 FC |
6794 | =item Useless use of \E |
6795 | ||
6796 | (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a C<\U>, | |
6797 | C<\L> or C<\Q> preceding it. | |
6798 | ||
4fa6dd16 KW |
6799 | =item Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
6800 | ||
6801 | (W regexp) You specified something like these: | |
6802 | ||
6803 | qr/a{3}?/ | |
6804 | qr/b{1,1}+/ | |
6805 | ||
6806 | The C<"?"> and C<"+"> don't have any effect, as they modify whether to | |
6807 | match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to match | |
6808 | exactly a given numer, there is no room left for a choice. | |
6809 | ||
6df41af2 | 6810 | =item Useless use of %s in void context |
a0d0e21e | 6811 | |
75b44862 | 6812 | (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does |
be771a83 GS |
6813 | nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a |
6814 | value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very | |
6815 | often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl | |
6816 | to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd | |
6817 | get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and | |
6818 | said | |
a0d0e21e | 6819 | |
6df41af2 | 6820 | $one, $two = 1, 2; |
748a9306 | 6821 | |
6df41af2 GS |
6822 | when you meant to say |
6823 | ||
6824 | ($one, $two) = (1, 2); | |
6825 | ||
6826 | Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list | |
6827 | reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for | |
6828 | example, if you say | |
6829 | ||
6830 | $array = (1,2); | |
6831 | ||
6832 | when you should have said | |
6833 | ||
6834 | $array = [1,2]; | |
6835 | ||
6836 | The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value, | |
6837 | while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in | |
6838 | a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which | |
6839 | throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See | |
6840 | L<perlref> for more on this. | |
6841 | ||
65191a1e BS |
6842 | This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1 |
6843 | since they are often used in statements like | |
6844 | ||
4358a253 | 6845 | 1 while sub_with_side_effects(); |
65191a1e BS |
6846 | |
6847 | String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned | |
6848 | about. | |
6849 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 6850 | =item Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
675fa9ff FC |
6851 | |
6852 | (W regexp) The C<p> modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying to do | |
6853 | so is futile. | |
6854 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
6855 | =item Useless use of "re" pragma |
6856 | ||
6903afa2 | 6857 | (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful. |
6df41af2 | 6858 | |
a801c63c RGS |
6859 | =item Useless use of sort in scalar context |
6860 | ||
6861 | (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in : | |
6862 | ||
6863 | my $x = sort @y; | |
6864 | ||
6865 | This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away. | |
6866 | ||
de4864e4 JH |
6867 | =item Useless use of %s with no values |
6868 | ||
f87c3213 | 6869 | (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments |
6903afa2 FC |
6870 | apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't |
6871 | usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's | |
de4864e4 | 6872 | possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect |
6903afa2 | 6873 | if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so, |
de4864e4 JH |
6874 | you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning. |
6875 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
6876 | =item "use" not allowed in expression |
6877 | ||
be771a83 GS |
6878 | (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and |
6879 | returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>. | |
748a9306 | 6880 | |
36b2db7e FC |
6881 | =item Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated |
6882 | ||
6883 | (D deprecated) The C<$[> variable (index of the first element in an array) | |
6903afa2 | 6884 | is deprecated. See L<perlvar/"$[">. |
36b2db7e | 6885 | |
e5aa3f0b | 6886 | =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28 |
4633a7c4 | 6887 | |
8ab8f082 | 6888 | (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted |
1b303a7d FC |
6889 | form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the |
6890 | here-document. | |
83ce3e12 | 6891 | |
e5aa3f0b A |
6892 | Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and |
6893 | will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28. | |
6894 | ||
64e578a2 MJD |
6895 | =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s/// |
6896 | ||
6897 | (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c | |
6898 | modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions. | |
6899 | ||
4ac733c9 MJD |
6900 | =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g |
6901 | ||
6902 | (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't | |
6903 | use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is | |
6904 | used. (This may change in the future.) | |
6905 | ||
2d212e86 KW |
6906 | =item Use of code point 0x%s is deprecated; the permissible max is 0x%s |
6907 | ||
6908 | (D deprecated) You used a code point that will not be allowed in a | |
6909 | future perl version, because it is too large. Unicode only allows code | |
6910 | points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl allows much larger ones. However, the | |
6911 | largest possible ones break the perl interpreter in some constructs, | |
6912 | including causing it to hang in a few cases. The known problem areas | |
6913 | are in C<tr///>, regular expression pattern matching using quantifiers, | |
904cefa8 KW |
6914 | as quote delimiters in C<qI<X>...I<X>> (where I<X> is the C<chr()> of a large |
6915 | code point), and as the upper limits in loops. | |
6916 | There may be other breakages as well. If you get this warning, and | |
6917 | things aren't working correctly, you probably have found one of these. | |
2d212e86 KW |
6918 | |
6919 | If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the upper | |
6920 | limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit word sizes | |
6921 | than 32-bit ones. | |
6922 | ||
591f5ca2 FC |
6923 | =item Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated |
6924 | ||
6925 | (D deprecated) The values you give to a format should be | |
6926 | separated by commas, not just aligned on a line. | |
6927 | ||
675fa9ff FC |
6928 | =item Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator results in undefined behavior |
6929 | ||
f26c79ba FC |
6930 | (S internal) The behavior of C<each()> after insertion is undefined; |
6931 | it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using | |
6932 | C<keys()> instead of C<each()>. | |
675fa9ff | 6933 | |
5585e758 | 6934 | =item Infinite recursion via empty pattern |
794826f4 YO |
6935 | |
6936 | (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code block, | |
5585e758 YO |
6937 | for instance C</(?{ s!!! })/>, which resulted in re-executing |
6938 | the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by | |
6939 | throwing an exception. | |
794826f4 | 6940 | |
2dc78664 | 6941 | =item Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed |
036e1e65 | 6942 | |
2dc78664 NC |
6943 | (F) The construction C<my $x := 42> used to parse as equivalent to |
6944 | C<my $x : = 42> (applying an empty attribute list to C<$x>). | |
6945 | This construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax | |
6946 | error, so C<:=> can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future. | |
6947 | ||
6948 | If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code generator, add | |
6949 | a space before the C<=>. | |
036e1e65 | 6950 | |
fafdadbd KW |
6951 | =item Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong. Assuming a UTF-8 locale |
6952 | ||
6953 | (W locale) You are matching a regular expression using locale rules, | |
6954 | and the specified construct was encountered. This construct is only | |
6955 | valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't. This doesn't | |
6956 | make sense. Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode (UTF-8) locale, but | |
6957 | the results are likely to be wrong. | |
6958 | ||
b6c83531 | 6959 | =item Use of freed value in iteration |
2f7da168 | 6960 | |
b6c83531 JH |
6961 | (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? |
6962 | This error is typically caused by code like the following: | |
2f7da168 RK |
6963 | |
6964 | @a = (3,4); | |
6965 | @a = () for (1,2,@a); | |
6966 | ||
6967 | You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over. | |
6968 | For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full | |
6969 | reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the | |
6970 | middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value. | |
6971 | ||
96ebfdd7 | 6972 | =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split |
35ae6b54 | 6973 | |
96ebfdd7 RK |
6974 | (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split> |
6975 | operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern | |
6976 | repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect. | |
35ae6b54 | 6977 | |
0b98bec9 RGS |
6978 | =item Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated |
6979 | ||
6980 | (D deprecated) Using C<goto> to jump from an outer scope into an inner | |
6981 | scope is deprecated and should be avoided. | |
6982 | ||
dc848c6f | 6983 | =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated |
6984 | ||
1da25648 FC |
6985 | (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> |
6986 | subroutines are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) | |
6987 | even when the subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain | |
6988 | functions (e.g. C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or | |
6989 | C<< $obj->bar() >>). | |
dc848c6f | 6990 | |
be771a83 GS |
6991 | This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for |
6992 | methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing | |
6993 | code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl | |
6994 | currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited | |
6995 | C<AUTOLOAD>s. | |
dc848c6f | 6996 | |
6997 | The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading | |
be771a83 GS |
6998 | non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used |
6999 | to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class | |
7000 | named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during | |
7001 | startup. | |
dc848c6f | 7002 | |
be771a83 GS |
7003 | In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);> |
7004 | you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to | |
7b8d334a | 7005 | C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>. |
a23209c7 | 7006 | |
6df41af2 GS |
7007 | =item Use of %s in printf format not supported |
7008 | ||
7009 | (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from | |
7010 | only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl. | |
7011 | ||
6df41af2 GS |
7012 | =item Use of %s is deprecated |
7013 | ||
75b44862 | 7014 | (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use, |
be771a83 GS |
7015 | generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the |
7016 | old way has bad side effects. | |
6df41af2 | 7017 | |
5840701a | 7018 | =item Use of -l on filehandle%s |
5a7abfcc FC |
7019 | |
7020 | (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file | |
7021 | it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for. | |
7022 | The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead. | |
7023 | ||
1f1cc344 | 7024 | =item Use of reference "%s" as array index |
d804643f | 7025 | |
77b96956 | 7026 | (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably |
1f1cc344 JH |
7027 | isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend |
7028 | to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error. | |
d804643f | 7029 | |
64977eb6 | 7030 | If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so: |
1f1cc344 | 7031 | C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects, |
54e0f05c | 7032 | however, because you can overload the numification and stringification |
c69ca1d4 | 7033 | operators and then you presumably know what you are doing. |
d804643f | 7034 | |
4055dbce RS |
7035 | =item Use of state $_ is experimental |
7036 | ||
7037 | (S experimental::lexical_topic) Lexical $_ is an experimental feature and | |
7038 | its behavior may change or even be removed in any future release of perl. | |
7039 | See the explanation under L<perlvar/$_>. | |
7040 | ||
87e05d1a KW |
7041 | =item Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s |
7042 | operator is deprecated | |
7043 | ||
7044 | (D deprecated) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators | |
7045 | (C<&> or C<|> or C<^> or C<~>) on a string containing a code point over | |
7046 | 0xFF. The string bitwise operators treat their operands as strings of | |
7047 | bytes, and values beyond 0xFF are nonsensical in this context. | |
7048 | ||
bbd7eb8a RD |
7049 | =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated |
7050 | ||
159f47d9 | 7051 | (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple |
bbd7eb8a RD |
7052 | arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed |
7053 | but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your | |
7054 | arguments. See L<perlsec>. | |
7055 | ||
94749a5e KW |
7056 | =item Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a |
7057 | delimiter will be a fatal error starting in Perl v5.30 | |
7058 | ||
7059 | (D deprecated) | |
7060 | A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to be a | |
7061 | character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may actually be | |
7062 | several adjacent characters that together form a complete grapheme. For | |
7063 | example, there can be a base character, like "R" and an accent, like a | |
7064 | circumflex "^", that appear when displayed to be a single character with | |
7065 | the circumflex hovering over the "R". Perl currently allows things like | |
7066 | that circumflex to be delimiters of strings, patterns, I<etc>. When | |
7067 | displayed, the circumflex would look like it belongs to the character | |
7068 | just to the left of it. In order to move the language to be able to | |
7069 | accept graphemes as delimiters, we have to deprecate the use of | |
7070 | delimiters which aren't graphemes by themselves. Also, a delimiter must | |
7071 | already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to try | |
7072 | to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would fail to | |
7073 | compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being something | |
7074 | that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is never going to | |
7075 | assign | |
7076 | L<non-character code points|perlunicode/Noncharacter code points>, nor | |
7077 | L<code points that are above the legal Unicode maximum| | |
7078 | perlunicode/Beyond Unicode code points>, those can be delimiters, and | |
7079 | their use won't raise this warning. | |
7080 | ||
cc95b072 | 7081 | =item Use of uninitialized value%s |
a0d0e21e | 7082 | |
be771a83 GS |
7083 | (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already |
7084 | defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. | |
7085 | To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables. | |
a0d0e21e | 7086 | |
6903afa2 FC |
7087 | To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you |
7088 | the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases | |
7089 | it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the | |
7090 | undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program | |
50a39ba4 | 7091 | and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear |
6903afa2 FC |
7092 | literally in your program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually |
7093 | optimized into C<"that " . $foo>, and the warning will refer to the | |
7094 | C<concatenation (.)> operator, even though there is no C<.> in | |
7095 | your program. | |
e5be4a53 | 7096 | |
67cdf558 KW |
7097 | =item "use re 'strict'" is experimental |
7098 | ||
7099 | (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a regular | |
7100 | expression pattern is compiled under C<'strict'> are subject to change | |
7101 | in future Perl releases in incompatible ways. This means that a pattern | |
7102 | that compiles today may not in a future Perl release. This warning is | |
7103 | to alert you to that risk. | |
7104 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
7105 | =item Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by |
7106 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
675fa9ff FC |
7107 | |
7108 | (F) In a regular expression, you said something like | |
7109 | ||
7110 | (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ]) | |
7111 | ||
7112 | Perl isn't sure if you meant this | |
7113 | ||
7114 | (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ]) | |
7115 | ||
7116 | or if you meant this | |
7117 | ||
7118 | (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ]) | |
7119 | ||
7120 | You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate. | |
7121 | ||
6fbc9859 | 7122 | =item Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in |
e0e4a6e3 | 7123 | regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
ff3f963a | 7124 | |
f3ba6905 FC |
7125 | (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes C<(\N{...})> may return |
7126 | a multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is | |
7127 | supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match | |
7128 | the whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted | |
7129 | (C<[^...]>), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of | |
7130 | a range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In | |
7131 | these circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character | |
7132 | of the returned sequence, which is not likely what you want. | |
ff3f963a | 7133 | |
6e8a73f2 | 7134 | =item Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
64935bc6 KW |
7135 | |
7136 | (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary (C<\b{...}> or C<\B{...}>) in a | |
7137 | portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers C</a> | |
7138 | or C</aa> are in effect. These two modifiers indicate an ASCII | |
0308b42c | 7139 | interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode defintion. |
64935bc6 KW |
7140 | The generated regular expression will compile so that the boundary uses |
7141 | all of Unicode. No other portion of the regular expression is affected. | |
7142 | ||
c794c51b FC |
7143 | =item Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense |
7144 | ||
7145 | (F) Using the C<!~> operator with C<s///r>, C<tr///r> or C<y///r> is | |
0f44b2a5 | 7146 | currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not |
6903afa2 | 7147 | been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the |
c794c51b | 7148 | modified string is usually not particularly useful.) |
0876b9a0 | 7149 | |
949cf498 KW |
7150 | =item UTF-16 surrogate U+%X |
7151 | ||
4c2e59a0 | 7152 | (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are |
949cf498 KW |
7153 | not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and |
7154 | U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16. However, Perl | |
7155 | internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit | |
7156 | available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause | |
7157 | problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message | |
7158 | came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn | |
8457b38f | 7159 | off this warning by C<no warnings 'surrogate';>. |
9466bab6 | 7160 | |
68dc0745 | 7161 | =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined() |
a6006777 | 7162 | |
75b44862 | 7163 | (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob), |
be771a83 GS |
7164 | C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs |
7165 | can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression | |
7166 | false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these | |
7167 | constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the | |
7168 | C<defined> operator. | |
a6006777 | 7169 | |
f675dbe5 CB |
7170 | =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long |
7171 | ||
be771a83 GS |
7172 | (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an |
7173 | %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string | |
7174 | longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to | |
7175 | 1024 characters. | |
f675dbe5 | 7176 | |
b5c19bd7 | 7177 | =item Variable "%s" is not available |
44a8e56a | 7178 | |
b5c19bd7 DM |
7179 | (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is |
7180 | attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available. | |
6903afa2 | 7181 | This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be |
b5c19bd7 DM |
7182 | declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created. |
7183 | (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous | |
6903afa2 | 7184 | subs are created at run-time.) For example, |
44a8e56a | 7185 | |
b5c19bd7 | 7186 | sub { my $a; sub f { $a } } |
44a8e56a | 7187 | |
b5c19bd7 | 7188 | At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a, |
6903afa2 | 7189 | since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely, |
b5c19bd7 DM |
7190 | the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by |
7191 | now been created and is live: | |
be771a83 | 7192 | |
b5c19bd7 DM |
7193 | sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->(); |
7194 | ||
7195 | The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has | |
7196 | gone out of scope, for example, | |
7197 | ||
7198 | sub f { | |
7199 | my $a; | |
7200 | sub { eval '$a' } | |
7201 | } | |
7202 | f()->(); | |
7203 | ||
1b303a7d FC |
7204 | Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently |
7205 | being executed, so its $a is not available for capture. | |
44a8e56a | 7206 | |
b4581f09 JH |
7207 | =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s |
7208 | ||
120b0f81 | 7209 | (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable |
413ff9f6 | 7210 | that you apparently thought was imported from another module, because |
b4581f09 JH |
7211 | something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by |
7212 | that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the | |
7213 | front of your variable. | |
7214 | ||
aec0ef10 | 7215 | =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/ |
b4581f09 JH |
7216 | |
7217 | (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and | |
d0a29c36 KW |
7218 | known at compile time. For positive lookbehind, you can use the C<\K> |
7219 | regex construct as a way to get the equivalent functionality. See | |
a8f2f5fa | 7220 | L<(?<=pattern) and \K in perlre|perlre/\K>. |
d0a29c36 KW |
7221 | |
7222 | There are non-obvious Unicode rules under C</i> that can match variably, | |
7223 | but which you might not think could. For example, the substring C<"ss"> | |
7224 | can match the single character LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S. There are | |
7225 | other sequences of ASCII characters that can match single ligature | |
7226 | characters, such as LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI matching C<qr/ffi/i>. | |
7227 | Starting in Perl v5.16, if you only care about ASCII matches, adding the | |
7228 | C</aa> modifier to the regex will exclude all these non-obvious matches, | |
7229 | thus getting rid of this message. You can also say C<S<use re qw(/aa)>> | |
7230 | to apply C</aa> to all regular expressions compiled within its scope. | |
7231 | See L<re>. | |
b4581f09 JH |
7232 | |
7233 | =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s | |
7234 | ||
b9cc85ad FC |
7235 | (W misc) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in the |
7236 | current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the | |
7237 | previous instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note | |
7238 | that the earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope | |
20d33786 | 7239 | or until all closure references to it are destroyed. |
b4581f09 | 7240 | |
6df41af2 GS |
7241 | =item Variable syntax |
7242 | ||
7243 | (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead | |
7244 | of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into | |
7245 | Perl yourself. | |
7246 | ||
44a8e56a | 7247 | =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared |
7248 | ||
be771a83 | 7249 | (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a |
b5c19bd7 | 7250 | lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine. |
44a8e56a | 7251 | |
b5c19bd7 | 7252 | When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of |
be771a83 GS |
7253 | the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first* |
7254 | call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the | |
7255 | outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no | |
7256 | longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the | |
7257 | variable will no longer be shared. | |
44a8e56a | 7258 | |
44a8e56a | 7259 | This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine |
7260 | anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that | |
b5c19bd7 | 7261 | reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they |
be771a83 | 7262 | are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables. |
44a8e56a | 7263 | |
6651ba0b FC |
7264 | =item vector argument not supported with alpha versions |
7265 | ||
8b6051f1 | 7266 | (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version objects |
6651ba0b FC |
7267 | with alpha parts. |
7268 | ||
e0e4a6e3 FC |
7269 | =item Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by |
7270 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
e2e6a0f1 | 7271 | |
6903afa2 FC |
7272 | (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an |
7273 | argument or check that you are using the right verb. | |
e2e6a0f1 | 7274 | |
e0e4a6e3 FC |
7275 | =item Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by |
7276 | S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ | |
e2e6a0f1 | 7277 | |
6903afa2 | 7278 | (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove the |
e2e6a0f1 YO |
7279 | argument or check that you are using the right verb. |
7280 | ||
9c88bb56 | 7281 | =item Version control conflict marker |
397c43d8 LM |
7282 | |
7283 | (F) The parser found a line starting with C<E<lt><<<<<<>, | |
d4e5761f | 7284 | C<E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>>, or C<=======>. These may be left by a |
397c43d8 LM |
7285 | version control system to mark conflicts after a failed merge operation. |
7286 | ||
084610c0 GS |
7287 | =item Version number must be a constant number |
7288 | ||
7289 | (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into | |
7290 | its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with | |
7291 | the version number. | |
7292 | ||
808ee47e SP |
7293 | =item Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s' |
7294 | ||
32e998fd RGS |
7295 | (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end, which |
7296 | are being ignored. | |
808ee47e | 7297 | |
7e1af8bc | 7298 | =item Warning: something's wrong |
5f05dabc | 7299 | |
7300 | (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or | |
ec8bb14c | 7301 | you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty. |
5f05dabc | 7302 | |
f86702cc | 7303 | =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly |
a0d0e21e | 7304 | |
be771a83 GS |
7305 | (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on |
7306 | the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk | |
7307 | space. | |
a0d0e21e | 7308 | |
96d7c888 FC |
7309 | =item Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s |
7310 | ||
7311 | =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s | |
7312 | ||
ab7ca7ed AP |
7313 | (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a filehandle |
7314 | when its reference count reached zero while it was still open, e.g.: | |
cc4d3128 DM |
7315 | |
7316 | { | |
7317 | open my $fh, '>', $file or die "open: '$file': $!\n"; | |
7318 | print $fh $data or die "print: $!"; | |
7319 | } # implicit close here | |
7320 | ||
95032a5b AP |
7321 | Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g. buffering could |
7322 | allow the C<print> in this example to return true even when the disk is full), | |
d4e5761f FC |
7323 | it is dangerous to ignore its result. So when it happens implicitly, perl |
7324 | will signal errors by warning. | |
cc4d3128 | 7325 | |
ab7ca7ed AP |
7326 | B<Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors>, so the common idiom shown |
7327 | above was liable to cause B<silent data loss>. | |
96d7c888 | 7328 | |
5f05dabc | 7329 | =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous |
a0d0e21e | 7330 | |
be771a83 GS |
7331 | (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that |
7332 | looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a | |
7333 | term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand | |
7334 | function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write | |
a0d0e21e LW |
7335 | |
7336 | rand + 5; | |
7337 | ||
7338 | you may THINK you wrote the same thing as | |
7339 | ||
7340 | rand() + 5; | |
7341 | ||
7342 | but in actual fact, you got | |
7343 | ||
7344 | rand(+5); | |
7345 | ||
5f05dabc | 7346 | So put in parentheses to say what you really mean. |
a0d0e21e | 7347 | |
0f539b13 BF |
7348 | =item when is experimental |
7349 | ||
7350 | (S experimental::smartmatch) C<when> depends on smartmatch, which is | |
7351 | experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may | |
7352 | not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or | |
675fa9ff FC |
7353 | even be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation |
7354 | under L<perlsyn/Experimental Details on given and when>. | |
0f539b13 | 7355 | |
4b3603a4 JH |
7356 | =item Wide character in %s |
7357 | ||
c8f79457 | 7358 | (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting |
cd28123a JH |
7359 | one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest |
7360 | way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the | |
7361 | output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the | |
7362 | warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to | |
7363 | cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the | |
7364 | filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>. | |
4b3603a4 | 7365 | |
613abc6d KW |
7366 | =item Wide character (U+%X) in %s |
7367 | ||
7368 | (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (I<i.e.>, a non-UTF-8 | |
7369 | one), a multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this | |
50ea4745 | 7370 | character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining non-UTF-8 |
613abc6d KW |
7371 | locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some characters |
7372 | will have two different representations. For example, in the ISO 8859-7 | |
7373 | (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a Capital Gamma. But so | |
7374 | also does 0x393. This will make string comparisons unreliable. | |
7375 | ||
7376 | You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got mixed up | |
7377 | with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you had a UTF-8 | |
7378 | locale, but Perl disagrees). | |
7379 | ||
49704364 WL |
7380 | =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed |
7381 | ||
fa816bf3 FC |
7382 | (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> |
7383 | only if C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that | |
7384 | can be determined from the template alone. This is not possible if | |
7385 | it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign | |
7386 | the template. | |
49704364 | 7387 | |
74d1b2e4 FC |
7388 | =item %s() with negative argument |
7389 | ||
7390 | (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments. | |
7391 | Warning is given and the operation is not done. | |
7392 | ||
9a7dcd9c | 7393 | =item write() on closed filehandle %s |
a0d0e21e | 7394 | |
be771a83 | 7395 | (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime |
c289d2f7 | 7396 | before now. Check your control flow. |
a0d0e21e | 7397 | |
9ae3ac1a | 7398 | =item %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode |
b4581f09 | 7399 | |
27f95370 FC |
7400 | (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to |
7401 | map everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read | |
7402 | in are not legal in this encoding. For example | |
b4581f09 JH |
7403 | |
7404 | utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode | |
7405 | ||
7406 | if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8. | |
7407 | ||
49704364 | 7408 | =item 'X' outside of string |
a0d0e21e | 7409 | |
49704364 WL |
7410 | (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before |
7411 | the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
a0d0e21e | 7412 | |
49704364 | 7413 | =item 'x' outside of string in unpack |
a0d0e21e LW |
7414 | |
7415 | (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after | |
7416 | the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>. | |
7417 | ||
a0d0e21e LW |
7418 | =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET! |
7419 | ||
5f05dabc | 7420 | (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the |
a0d0e21e | 7421 | sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip |
1b1f1335 | 7422 | about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around |
496a33f5 | 7423 | your script. |
a0d0e21e LW |
7424 | |
7425 | =item You need to quote "%s" | |
7426 | ||
be771a83 GS |
7427 | (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. |
7428 | Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared, | |
7429 | which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the | |
7430 | assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS | |
7431 | what you want, put an & in front.) | |
a0d0e21e | 7432 | |
6cfd5ea7 JH |
7433 | =item Your random numbers are not that random |
7434 | ||
50a39ba4 | 7435 | (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl could |
6cfd5ea7 JH |
7436 | not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates |
7437 | Something Very Wrong. | |
7438 | ||
e0e4a6e3 | 7439 | =item Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/ |
8a5a438d | 7440 | |
f3ba6905 | 7441 | (F) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a zero-length |
8a5a438d | 7442 | sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character class, i.e. |
fe0a3646 KW |
7443 | C<(?[...])>, or under C<use re 'strict'>, which is not permitted. Check |
7444 | that the correct escape has been used, and the correct charnames handler | |
7445 | is in scope. The S<<-- HERE> shows whereabouts in the regular | |
7446 | expression the problem was discovered. | |
8a5a438d | 7447 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
7448 | =back |
7449 | ||
00eb3f2b RGS |
7450 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
7451 | ||
44ecbbd8 | 7452 | L<warnings>, L<diagnostics>. |
00eb3f2b | 7453 | |
56e90b21 | 7454 | =cut |