4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* remove any leading "empty" ops from the op_next chain whose first
113 * node's address is stored in op_p. Store the updated address of the
114 * first node in op_p.
118 S_prune_chain_head(OP** op_p)
121 && ( (*op_p)->op_type == OP_NULL
122 || (*op_p)->op_type == OP_SCOPE
123 || (*op_p)->op_type == OP_SCALAR
124 || (*op_p)->op_type == OP_LINESEQ)
126 *op_p = (*op_p)->op_next;
130 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
132 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
133 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
134 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
135 # include <sys/mman.h>
138 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
139 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
141 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
142 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
145 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
146 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
147 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
150 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
152 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
153 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
154 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
155 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
156 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
157 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
158 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
159 perror("mmap failed");
162 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
164 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
167 /* The context is unused in non-Windows */
170 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
174 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
175 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
177 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
181 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
189 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
190 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
191 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
192 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
193 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
194 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
195 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
196 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
198 o = (OP*)PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
202 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
203 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
204 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
205 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
206 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
208 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
210 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
211 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
212 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
214 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
216 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
217 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
219 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
220 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
221 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
222 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
223 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
225 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", (void*)o, (void*)slab));
226 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
227 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
228 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
229 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", (void*)o)); }
233 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
239 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
240 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
241 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
242 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
243 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
246 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
247 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
248 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
249 /* Remaining space is too small. */
251 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
253 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
254 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
256 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
257 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
258 slab->opslab_freed = o;
261 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
262 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
263 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
264 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
265 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
267 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
268 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
269 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
271 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
273 /* Create a new op slot */
274 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
275 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
276 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
277 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
278 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
280 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", (void*)o, (void*)slab));
283 /* lastsib == 1, op_sibling == 0 implies a solitary unattached op */
285 assert(!o->op_sibling);
292 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
294 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
296 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
298 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
299 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
300 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
301 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
302 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
303 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
304 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
305 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
310 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
314 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
316 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
318 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
319 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
320 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
321 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
322 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
323 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
324 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
327 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
331 # define Slab_to_rw(op) NOOP
334 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
335 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
338 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
342 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
344 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
347 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
349 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
351 PerlMemShared_free(op);
356 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
357 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
358 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
359 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
360 slab->opslab_freed = o;
361 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", (void*)o, (void*)slab));
362 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
366 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
368 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
369 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
372 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
379 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
382 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
384 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", (void*)slab));
385 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
386 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
387 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
389 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
391 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
392 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
394 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
395 perror("munmap failed");
399 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
405 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
410 size_t savestack_count = 0;
412 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
415 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
417 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
418 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
419 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
425 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
426 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
427 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
430 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
431 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
432 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
434 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
436 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
437 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
444 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
446 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
449 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
450 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
463 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
466 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
468 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
470 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
472 result = --o->op_targ;
475 result = --o->op_targ;
481 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
482 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
484 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
485 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
486 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
487 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
489 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
491 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
493 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
495 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
496 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
500 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
502 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
504 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
510 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
513 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
518 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
520 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
522 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
527 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
529 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
531 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
532 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
536 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, GV *gv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
538 SV * const namesv = cv_name((CV *)gv, NULL);
539 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
541 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
542 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
546 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
548 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
550 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
551 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
553 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
556 /* "register" allocation */
559 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
562 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
564 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
566 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
567 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
570 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
572 assert(strlen(name) == len);
574 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
578 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
579 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
581 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
582 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
583 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
584 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
585 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
586 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
588 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
589 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
592 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
593 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
594 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
595 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
596 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
600 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
602 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
603 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
604 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
605 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
606 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
608 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
609 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
613 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
614 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
616 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
617 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
623 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
625 =for apidoc alloccopstash
627 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
628 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
635 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
637 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
638 bool found_slot = FALSE;
640 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
642 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
644 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
645 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
646 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
647 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
650 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
651 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
652 off = PL_stashpadmax;
653 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
656 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
661 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
662 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
665 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
673 =for apidoc Am|void|op_free|OP *o
675 Free an op. Only use this when an op is no longer linked to from any
682 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
689 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
691 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
692 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
693 may be freed before their parents. */
694 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
699 /* an op should only ever acquire op_private flags that we know about.
700 * If this fails, you may need to fix something in regen/op_private */
701 assert(!(o->op_private & ~PL_op_private_valid[type]));
703 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
714 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
717 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
718 we maintain for reset(). */
719 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
729 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
730 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
734 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
736 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
737 nextkid = OP_SIBLING(kid); /* Get before next freeing kid */
742 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
745 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
747 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
748 * numbers etc even after null() */
749 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
755 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
762 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
769 switch (o->op_type) {
770 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
773 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
777 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
778 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
785 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
790 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
791 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
792 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
793 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
794 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
795 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
796 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
797 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
798 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
799 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
800 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
801 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
802 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
803 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
804 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
807 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
809 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
810 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
811 * may still exist on the pad */
812 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
813 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
816 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
817 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
820 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
823 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
827 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
830 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
831 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
834 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
835 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
836 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
837 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
840 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
850 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
855 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
856 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
858 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
859 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
860 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
863 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
864 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
868 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
869 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
873 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
877 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
878 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
879 * exist on the pad */
880 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
883 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
889 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
890 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
891 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
893 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
894 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
895 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
896 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
897 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
898 * happen before sv_clean_all
901 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
902 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
903 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
904 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
905 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
909 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
910 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
916 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
917 pad_free(o->op_targ);
923 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
925 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
928 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
929 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
930 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
931 if (PL_curcop == cop)
936 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
939 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
941 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
943 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
944 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
946 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
947 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
952 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
953 array[i] = array[--count];
954 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
955 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
956 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
959 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
972 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
974 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
976 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
977 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
979 switch (kid->op_type) {
984 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
986 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
987 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid);
993 =for apidoc Am|void|op_null|OP *o
995 Neutralizes an op when it is no longer needed, but is still linked to from
1002 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
1006 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
1008 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1011 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1012 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1013 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1017 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1022 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1027 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1032 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1038 =for apidoc op_sibling_splice
1040 A general function for editing the structure of an existing chain of
1041 op_sibling nodes. By analogy with the perl-level splice() function, allows
1042 you to delete zero or more sequential nodes, replacing them with zero or
1043 more different nodes. Performs the necessary op_first/op_last
1044 housekeeping on the parent node and op_sibling manipulation on the
1045 children. The last deleted node will be marked as as the last node by
1046 updating the op_sibling or op_lastsib field as appropriate.
1048 Note that op_next is not manipulated, and nodes are not freed; that is the
1049 responsibility of the caller. It also won't create a new list op for an
1050 empty list etc; use higher-level functions like op_append_elem() for that.
1052 parent is the parent node of the sibling chain.
1054 start is the node preceding the first node to be spliced. Node(s)
1055 following it will be deleted, and ops will be inserted after it. If it is
1056 NULL, the first node onwards is deleted, and nodes are inserted at the
1059 del_count is the number of nodes to delete. If zero, no nodes are deleted.
1060 If -1 or greater than or equal to the number of remaining kids, all
1061 remaining kids are deleted.
1063 insert is the first of a chain of nodes to be inserted in place of the nodes.
1064 If NULL, no nodes are inserted.
1066 The head of the chain of deleted ops is returned, or NULL if no ops were
1071 action before after returns
1072 ------ ----- ----- -------
1075 splice(P, A, 2, X-Y-Z) | | B-C
1079 splice(P, NULL, 1, X-Y) | | A
1083 splice(P, NULL, 3, NULL) | | A-B-C
1087 splice(P, B, 0, X-Y) | | NULL
1094 Perl_op_sibling_splice(OP *parent, OP *start, int del_count, OP* insert)
1096 OP *first = start ? OP_SIBLING(start) : cLISTOPx(parent)->op_first;
1098 OP *last_del = NULL;
1099 OP *last_ins = NULL;
1101 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_SIBLING_SPLICE;
1103 assert(del_count >= -1);
1105 if (del_count && first) {
1107 while (--del_count && OP_HAS_SIBLING(last_del))
1108 last_del = OP_SIBLING(last_del);
1109 rest = OP_SIBLING(last_del);
1110 OP_SIBLING_set(last_del, NULL);
1111 last_del->op_lastsib = 1;
1118 while (OP_HAS_SIBLING(last_ins))
1119 last_ins = OP_SIBLING(last_ins);
1120 OP_SIBLING_set(last_ins, rest);
1121 last_ins->op_lastsib = rest ? 0 : 1;
1127 OP_SIBLING_set(start, insert);
1128 start->op_lastsib = insert ? 0 : 1;
1131 cLISTOPx(parent)->op_first = insert;
1134 /* update op_last etc */
1135 U32 type = parent->op_type;
1138 if (type == OP_NULL)
1139 type = parent->op_targ;
1140 type = PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK;
1142 lastop = last_ins ? last_ins : start ? start : NULL;
1143 if ( type == OA_BINOP
1144 || type == OA_LISTOP
1148 cLISTOPx(parent)->op_last = lastop;
1151 lastop->op_lastsib = 1;
1152 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
1153 lastop->op_sibling = parent;
1157 return last_del ? first : NULL;
1161 =for apidoc op_parent
1163 returns the parent OP of o, if it has a parent. Returns NULL otherwise.
1164 (Currently perl must be built with C<-DPERL_OP_PARENT> for this feature to
1171 Perl_op_parent(OP *o)
1173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_PARENT;
1174 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
1175 while (OP_HAS_SIBLING(o))
1177 return o->op_sibling;
1185 /* replace the sibling following start with a new UNOP, which becomes
1186 * the parent of the original sibling; e.g.
1188 * op_sibling_newUNOP(P, A, unop-args...)
1196 * where U is the new UNOP.
1198 * parent and start args are the same as for op_sibling_splice();
1199 * type and flags args are as newUNOP().
1201 * Returns the new UNOP.
1205 S_op_sibling_newUNOP(pTHX_ OP *parent, OP *start, I32 type, I32 flags)
1209 kid = op_sibling_splice(parent, start, 1, NULL);
1210 newop = newUNOP(type, flags, kid);
1211 op_sibling_splice(parent, start, 0, newop);
1216 /* lowest-level newLOGOP-style function - just allocates and populates
1217 * the struct. Higher-level stuff should be done by S_new_logop() /
1218 * newLOGOP(). This function exists mainly to avoid op_first assignment
1219 * being spread throughout this file.
1223 S_alloc_LOGOP(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP* other)
1227 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
1228 logop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
1229 logop->op_first = first;
1230 logop->op_other = other;
1231 logop->op_flags = OPf_KIDS;
1232 while (kid && OP_HAS_SIBLING(kid))
1233 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid);
1235 kid->op_lastsib = 1;
1236 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
1237 kid->op_sibling = (OP*)logop;
1244 /* Contextualizers */
1247 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1249 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1250 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1251 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1258 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1260 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1262 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1263 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1264 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1266 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1273 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1274 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1275 not be called directly.
1281 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1285 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1290 /* establish postfix order */
1291 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1294 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1297 OP *sibl = OP_SIBLING(kid);
1299 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(sibl);
1314 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1316 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1318 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
1325 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1327 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1329 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1330 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1331 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1332 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1334 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1335 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1336 of the conditional, not the last. */
1337 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1339 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1340 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1347 S_op_varname(pTHX_ const OP *o)
1350 assert(o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
1351 o->op_type == OP_PADHV || o->op_type == OP_RV2HV);
1353 const char funny = o->op_type == OP_PADAV
1354 || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV ? '@' : '%';
1355 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2AV || o->op_type == OP_RV2HV) {
1357 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV
1358 || !(gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first)))
1360 return varname(gv, funny, 0, NULL, 0, 1);
1363 varname(MUTABLE_GV(PL_compcv), funny, o->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1);
1368 S_op_pretty(pTHX_ const OP *o, SV **retsv, const char **retpv)
1369 { /* or not so pretty :-) */
1370 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST) {
1372 if (SvPOK(*retsv)) {
1374 *retsv = sv_newmortal();
1375 pv_pretty(*retsv, SvPVX_const(sv), SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1376 PERL_PV_PRETTY_DUMP |PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT);
1378 else if (!SvOK(*retsv))
1381 else *retpv = "...";
1385 S_scalar_slice_warning(pTHX_ const OP *o)
1389 o->op_type == OP_HSLICE ? '{' : '[';
1391 o->op_type == OP_HSLICE ? '}' : ']';
1393 SV *keysv = NULL; /* just to silence compiler warnings */
1394 const char *key = NULL;
1396 if (!(o->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING))
1398 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1399 /* This warning can be nonsensical when there is a syntax error. */
1402 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1403 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid); /* get past pushmark */
1404 /* weed out false positives: any ops that can return lists */
1405 switch (kid->op_type) {
1434 /* Don't warn if we have a nulled list either. */
1435 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_LIST)
1438 assert(OP_SIBLING(kid));
1439 name = S_op_varname(aTHX_ OP_SIBLING(kid));
1440 if (!name) /* XS module fiddling with the op tree */
1442 S_op_pretty(aTHX_ kid, &keysv, &key);
1443 assert(SvPOK(name));
1444 sv_chop(name,SvPVX(name)+1);
1446 /* diag_listed_as: Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s] */
1447 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1448 "Scalar value @%"SVf"%c%s%c better written as $%"SVf
1450 SVfARG(name), lbrack, key, rbrack, SVfARG(name),
1451 lbrack, key, rbrack);
1453 /* diag_listed_as: Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s] */
1454 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1455 "Scalar value @%"SVf"%c%"SVf"%c better written as $%"
1457 SVfARG(name), lbrack, SVfARG(keysv), rbrack,
1458 SVfARG(name), lbrack, SVfARG(keysv), rbrack);
1462 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1466 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1467 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1468 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1469 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1474 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1476 switch (o->op_type) {
1478 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1483 for (kid = OP_SIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
1493 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1494 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
1500 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1502 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid);
1505 OP *sib = OP_SIBLING(kid);
1506 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1512 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1517 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1520 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1525 /* Warn about scalar context */
1526 const char lbrack = o->op_type == OP_KVHSLICE ? '{' : '[';
1527 const char rbrack = o->op_type == OP_KVHSLICE ? '}' : ']';
1530 const char *key = NULL;
1532 /* This warning can be nonsensical when there is a syntax error. */
1533 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1536 if (!ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) break;
1538 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1539 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid); /* get past pushmark */
1540 assert(OP_SIBLING(kid));
1541 name = S_op_varname(aTHX_ OP_SIBLING(kid));
1542 if (!name) /* XS module fiddling with the op tree */
1544 S_op_pretty(aTHX_ kid, &keysv, &key);
1545 assert(SvPOK(name));
1546 sv_chop(name,SvPVX(name)+1);
1548 /* diag_listed_as: %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s] */
1549 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1550 "%%%"SVf"%c%s%c in scalar context better written "
1552 SVfARG(name), lbrack, key, rbrack, SVfARG(name),
1553 lbrack, key, rbrack);
1555 /* diag_listed_as: %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s] */
1556 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1557 "%%%"SVf"%c%"SVf"%c in scalar context better "
1558 "written as $%"SVf"%c%"SVf"%c",
1559 SVfARG(name), lbrack, SVfARG(keysv), rbrack,
1560 SVfARG(name), lbrack, SVfARG(keysv), rbrack);
1567 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1571 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1572 const char* useless = NULL;
1576 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1578 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1579 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1580 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1581 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1582 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1584 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1585 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1586 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1587 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1588 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1593 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1594 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1596 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1599 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1601 switch (o->op_type) {
1603 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1607 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1611 if (o->op_private == 4)
1636 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1657 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1658 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1663 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1688 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1689 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1690 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1694 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1695 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1697 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1699 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1701 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1705 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1706 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1707 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1710 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1714 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1715 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1719 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1726 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1727 (!OP_HAS_SIBLING(o) || OP_SIBLING(o)->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1728 useless = "a variable";
1733 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1734 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1736 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1737 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1738 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1739 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1741 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1742 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1743 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1744 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1746 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1747 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1749 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1751 pv_pretty(dsv, SvPVX_const(sv),
1752 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1754 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1755 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1756 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1758 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1759 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", SVfARG(sv));
1762 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1765 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1769 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1770 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1774 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1775 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1779 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1780 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1784 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1785 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1790 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1793 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1796 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1797 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1800 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1802 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1805 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1806 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1807 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1810 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1813 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1815 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1818 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1819 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1820 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1822 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1823 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1824 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1836 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1837 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1838 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
1839 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1841 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1843 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1844 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1854 for (kid = OP_SIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
1859 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1866 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1877 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
1888 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1889 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1890 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1891 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(useless_sv)));
1894 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1895 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1902 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1904 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1906 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
1913 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1917 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1918 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1919 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1920 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1925 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1926 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1928 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1931 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1933 switch (o->op_type) {
1936 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1941 for (kid = OP_SIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
1949 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1951 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1952 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1953 return gen_constant_list(o);
1960 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1962 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid);
1965 OP *sib = OP_SIBLING(kid);
1966 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1972 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1976 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1983 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1986 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1988 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1989 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1992 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid)) {
1993 if (OP_HAS_SIBLING(kid)) {
1997 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1999 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
2000 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
2001 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2004 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
2009 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2011 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2013 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
2014 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2020 =for apidoc finalize_optree
2022 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
2023 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
2024 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
2025 the tree thread-safe.
2030 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
2032 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
2035 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
2043 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
2045 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
2048 switch (o->op_type) {
2051 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
2054 if (OP_HAS_SIBLING(o)) {
2055 OP *sib = OP_SIBLING(o);
2056 if (( sib->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || sib->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2057 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC)
2058 && OP_HAS_SIBLING(sib))
2060 const OPCODE type = OP_SIBLING(sib)->op_type;
2061 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
2062 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
2063 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)sib));
2064 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
2065 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
2066 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
2067 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
2068 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
2075 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
2076 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
2077 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
2078 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
2079 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
2080 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
2081 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
2082 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
2089 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2090 no_bareword_allowed(o);
2094 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
2095 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
2096 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
2097 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
2098 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
2099 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVf_READONLY);
2100 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
2101 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
2102 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
2103 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
2104 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
2118 if ((key_op = cSVOPx(((BINOP*)o)->op_last))->op_type != OP_CONST)
2121 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
2126 S_scalar_slice_warning(aTHX_ o);
2130 kid = OP_SIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first);
2131 if (/* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
2132 OP_TYPE_ISNT_AND_WASNT_NN(kid, OP_LIST)
2133 && OP_TYPE_ISNT_NN(kid, OP_CONST))
2138 key_op = (SVOP*)(kid->op_type == OP_CONST
2140 : OP_SIBLING(kLISTOP->op_first));
2142 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
2145 if (o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO || rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
2147 else if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
2148 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
2149 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
2151 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
2152 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
2153 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
2155 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
2161 lexname = NULL; /* just to silence compiler warnings */
2162 fields = NULL; /* just to silence compiler warnings */
2166 && (lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE),
2167 SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
2168 && (fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE))
2169 && isGV(*fields) && GvHV(*fields);
2171 key_op = (SVOP*)OP_SIBLING(key_op)) {
2173 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
2175 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
2177 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
2178 if ((!SvIsCOW_shared_hash(sv = *svp))
2179 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && SvOK(sv) && !SvROK(sv)) {
2181 const char * const key = SvPV_const(sv, *(STRLEN*)&keylen);
2182 SV *nsv = newSVpvn_share(key,
2183 SvUTF8(sv) ? -keylen : keylen, 0);
2184 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
2189 && !hv_fetch_ent(GvHV(*fields), *svp, FALSE, 0)) {
2190 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
2191 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
2192 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
2193 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
2199 S_scalar_slice_warning(aTHX_ o);
2203 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
2204 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
2211 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2215 /* check that op_last points to the last sibling, and that
2216 * the last op_sibling field points back to the parent, and
2217 * that the only ops with KIDS are those which are entitled to
2219 U32 type = o->op_type;
2223 if (type == OP_NULL) {
2225 /* ck_glob creates a null UNOP with ex-type GLOB
2226 * (which is a list op. So pretend it wasn't a listop */
2227 if (type == OP_GLOB)
2230 family = PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK;
2232 has_last = ( family == OA_BINOP
2233 || family == OA_LISTOP
2234 || family == OA_PMOP
2235 || family == OA_LOOP
2237 assert( has_last /* has op_first and op_last, or ...
2238 ... has (or may have) op_first: */
2239 || family == OA_UNOP
2240 || family == OA_LOGOP
2241 || family == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
2242 || family == OA_FILESTATOP
2243 || family == OA_LOOPEXOP
2244 /* I don't know why SASSIGN is tagged as OA_BASEOP - DAPM */
2245 || type == OP_SASSIGN
2246 || type == OP_CUSTOM
2247 || type == OP_NULL /* new_logop does this */
2249 /* XXX list form of 'x' is has a null op_last. This is wrong,
2250 * but requires too much hacking (e.g. in Deparse) to fix for
2252 if (type == OP_REPEAT && (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST)) {
2257 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid)) {
2258 # ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
2259 if (!OP_HAS_SIBLING(kid)) {
2261 assert(kid == cLISTOPo->op_last);
2262 assert(kid->op_sibling == o);
2265 if (OP_HAS_SIBLING(kid)) {
2266 assert(!kid->op_lastsib);
2269 assert(kid->op_lastsib);
2271 assert(kid == cLISTOPo->op_last);
2277 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
2283 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
2285 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
2286 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
2287 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
2288 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
2291 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
2292 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
2293 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
2295 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
2296 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
2302 S_vivifies(const OPCODE type)
2305 case OP_RV2AV: case OP_ASLICE:
2306 case OP_RV2HV: case OP_KVASLICE:
2307 case OP_RV2SV: case OP_HSLICE:
2308 case OP_AELEMFAST: case OP_KVHSLICE:
2317 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
2321 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
2324 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2327 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
2328 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
2333 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
2335 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
2337 switch (o->op_type) {
2342 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
2346 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
2347 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2348 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2349 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2350 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2351 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
2354 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
2355 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
2356 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
2357 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2358 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
2359 /* Potential lvalue context: */
2360 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
2363 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
2364 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
2368 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2369 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
2371 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
2372 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2373 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2374 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
2376 while (OP_HAS_SIBLING(kid))
2377 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid);
2378 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
2379 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
2382 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2383 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2384 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2385 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2387 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2388 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2389 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2390 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2397 : SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) == SVt_PVCV
2398 ? MUTABLE_CV(SvRV(gv))
2409 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2410 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2411 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2412 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2414 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2415 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2417 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2418 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2420 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2434 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2443 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2450 for (kid = OP_SIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
2451 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2456 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2457 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2458 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2462 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2464 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2471 /* Do not apply the lvsub flag for rv2[ah]v in scalar context. */
2472 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV && (
2473 (o->op_type != OP_RV2AV && o->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
2474 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_SCALAR
2476 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2480 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2484 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2485 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2488 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2489 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2490 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2494 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2498 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2508 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2515 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2516 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2517 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2518 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2520 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_SCALAR
2521 && type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2522 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2526 if (!type) /* local() */
2527 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2528 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2537 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2541 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2547 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2548 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2549 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2550 op_lvalue(OP_SIBLING(cBINOPo->op_first), type);
2555 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2556 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2557 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2558 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2559 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2560 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2567 o->op_private |= OPpLVALUE;
2573 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2574 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2579 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2581 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2583 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2584 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2590 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
2591 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2592 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2593 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2594 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2598 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2600 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2607 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV
2608 || !S_vivifies(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_type))
2609 op_lvalue(cLOGOPo->op_first, type);
2610 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV
2611 || !S_vivifies(OP_SIBLING(cLOGOPo->op_first)->op_type))
2612 op_lvalue(OP_SIBLING(cLOGOPo->op_first), type);
2616 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2617 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2619 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2620 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2623 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2624 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2626 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2627 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2628 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2631 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2632 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2633 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2638 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2639 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2642 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2643 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2644 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2649 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2654 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2678 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2699 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2701 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2703 switch (o->op_type) {
2711 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2724 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2726 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2728 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
2735 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2740 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2742 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2745 switch (o->op_type) {
2747 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2748 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2749 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2750 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2751 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2752 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2753 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2755 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2756 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2757 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2759 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2765 for (kid = OP_SIBLING(cUNOPo->op_first); kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
2766 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2769 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2770 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2771 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2774 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2775 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2776 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2778 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2785 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2788 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2789 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2790 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2796 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2801 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2803 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2807 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2808 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2809 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2810 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2812 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2822 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2824 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2834 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2838 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2840 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2841 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2842 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2844 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2845 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2847 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2849 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o = OP_SIBLING(o)) {
2850 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2851 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2852 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2853 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2860 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2862 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2864 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2866 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2868 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2869 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2871 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2872 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2874 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2875 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2876 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2877 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2879 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2883 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2885 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2886 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2888 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2893 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2894 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2895 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2897 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2898 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2899 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2900 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2901 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2903 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2904 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2906 /* Need package name for method call. */
2907 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2909 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2910 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2912 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2913 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2914 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2915 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2916 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2917 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2918 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2919 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2921 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2922 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2923 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2924 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2925 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2926 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2928 /* Combine the ops. */
2929 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2933 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2935 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2936 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2937 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2938 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2939 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2940 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2941 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2942 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2943 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2944 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2950 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2951 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2955 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2958 len = strlen(attrstr);
2962 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2964 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2965 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2966 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2967 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2968 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2972 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2973 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2974 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2975 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2976 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2977 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2978 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2983 S_move_proto_attr(pTHX_ OP **proto, OP **attrs, const GV * name)
2985 OP *new_proto = NULL;
2990 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MOVE_PROTO_ATTR;
2996 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST) {
2997 pv = SvPV(cSVOPo_sv, pvlen);
2998 if (pvlen >= 10 && memEQ(pv, "prototype(", 10)) {
2999 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(pv + 10, pvlen - 11, SvUTF8(cSVOPo_sv));
3000 SV ** const tmpo = cSVOPx_svp(o);
3001 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo_sv);
3006 } else if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3008 assert(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3009 lasto = cLISTOPo->op_first;
3010 assert(lasto->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
3011 for (o = OP_SIBLING(lasto); o; o = OP_SIBLING(o)) {
3012 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST) {
3013 pv = SvPV(cSVOPo_sv, pvlen);
3014 if (pvlen >= 10 && memEQ(pv, "prototype(", 10)) {
3015 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(pv + 10, pvlen - 11, SvUTF8(cSVOPo_sv));
3016 SV ** const tmpo = cSVOPx_svp(o);
3017 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo_sv);
3019 if (new_proto && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) {
3021 const char * newp = SvPV(cSVOPo_sv, new_len);
3022 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3023 "Attribute prototype(%"UTF8f") discards earlier prototype attribute in same sub",
3024 UTF8fARG(SvUTF8(cSVOPo_sv), new_len, newp));
3030 /* excise new_proto from the list */
3031 op_sibling_splice(*attrs, lasto, 1, NULL);
3038 /* If the list is now just the PUSHMARK, scrap the whole thing; otherwise attributes.xs
3039 would get pulled in with no real need */
3040 if (!OP_HAS_SIBLING(cLISTOPx(*attrs)->op_first)) {
3049 svname = sv_newmortal();
3050 gv_efullname3(svname, name, NULL);
3052 else if (SvPOK(name) && *SvPVX((SV *)name) == '&')
3053 svname = newSVpvn_flags(SvPVX((SV *)name)+1, SvCUR(name)-1, SvUTF8(name)|SVs_TEMP);
3055 svname = (SV *)name;
3056 if (ckWARN(WARN_ILLEGALPROTO))
3057 (void)validate_proto(svname, cSVOPx_sv(new_proto), TRUE);
3058 if (*proto && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
3059 STRLEN old_len, new_len;
3060 const char * oldp = SvPV(cSVOPx_sv(*proto), old_len);
3061 const char * newp = SvPV(cSVOPx_sv(new_proto), new_len);
3063 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
3064 "Prototype '%"UTF8f"' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%"UTF8f")'"
3066 UTF8fARG(SvUTF8(cSVOPx_sv(*proto)), old_len, oldp),
3067 UTF8fARG(SvUTF8(cSVOPx_sv(new_proto)), new_len, newp),
3077 S_cant_declare(pTHX_ OP *o)
3079 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL
3080 && (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_KIDS)) == OPf_KIDS)
3081 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
3082 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
3083 o->op_type == OP_NULL
3084 && o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL
3087 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our ? "our" :
3088 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" :
3093 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
3096 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
3098 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
3100 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
3105 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3107 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
3108 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
3110 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
3112 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
3114 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
3115 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
3116 S_cant_declare(aTHX_ o);
3118 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
3120 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3121 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3122 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
3123 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
3124 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
3125 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
3128 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
3131 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
3134 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3136 S_cant_declare(aTHX_ o);
3139 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
3143 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3144 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3146 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
3147 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
3149 stash = PL_curstash;
3150 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
3152 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
3153 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
3155 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
3160 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
3163 int maybe_scalar = 0;
3165 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
3167 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3168 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3170 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3180 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
3182 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
3183 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
3184 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
3187 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
3188 which will mess up list assignment. */
3189 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
3190 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
3191 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
3193 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
3194 /* excise pushmark */
3195 op_sibling_splice(rops, NULL, 1, NULL);
3198 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
3201 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3202 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3207 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
3209 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3211 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
3216 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
3220 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
3221 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
3223 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
3225 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
3226 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
3228 const char * const desc
3230 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
3231 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
3233 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
3234 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
3236 S_op_varname(aTHX_ left);
3238 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3239 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
3240 desc, SVfARG(name), SVfARG(name));
3242 const char * const sample = (isary
3243 ? "@array" : "%hash");
3244 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3245 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
3246 desc, sample, sample);
3250 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
3251 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
3252 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
3254 no_bareword_allowed(right);
3257 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
3258 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
3260 /* diag_listed_as: Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense */
3261 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
3262 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
3263 /* diag_listed_as: Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense */
3264 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
3266 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
3267 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
3268 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
3269 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
3270 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
3272 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
3274 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
3277 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
3278 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
3279 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
3280 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
3281 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
3282 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
3283 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
3286 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
3287 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
3289 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
3291 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
3295 return bind_match(type, left,
3296 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
3300 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
3304 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
3308 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
3310 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
3311 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
3312 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
3313 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
3314 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
3315 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
3322 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
3326 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
3327 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
3328 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
3329 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
3331 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
3333 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
3334 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
3335 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
3336 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
3339 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
3340 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid);
3342 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
3347 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
3353 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
3355 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
3356 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
3357 for(; kid; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid))
3358 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
3365 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
3367 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
3369 pad_block_start(full);
3371 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3372 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
3373 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
3375 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
3381 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
3383 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3384 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
3387 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
3391 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
3395 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
3396 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
3397 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
3402 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
3405 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
3406 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
3407 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
3408 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
3409 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
3410 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
3411 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
3412 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
3413 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
3414 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
3415 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
3416 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
3417 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
3418 list of ops like this:
3442 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
3443 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
3444 for (;; kid = OP_SIBLING(kid)) {
3445 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
3446 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
3447 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
3448 if (kid == last) break;
3450 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
3453 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
3459 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
3461 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
3463 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
3464 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
3470 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
3472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
3474 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
3480 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
3481 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
3482 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
3485 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
3486 o->op_targ = offset;
3492 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3494 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3501 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3502 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3503 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3505 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3506 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3508 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3509 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3510 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3513 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3515 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3516 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3517 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3518 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3519 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3522 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3523 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3524 S_prune_chain_head(&PL_eval_start);
3526 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3529 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3530 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3531 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3532 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3535 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3536 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3537 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3538 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3539 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3540 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3541 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3544 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3545 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3546 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3547 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3548 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3549 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3550 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3551 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3552 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3553 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3556 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3558 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3561 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3562 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3563 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3564 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3565 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3566 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3567 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3568 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3569 S_prune_chain_head(&PL_main_start);
3570 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3573 /* Register with debugger */
3575 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3579 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3581 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3588 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3590 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3592 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3593 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3594 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3601 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3602 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3603 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3605 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3608 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3609 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3613 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3614 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3617 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3619 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3625 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3626 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3627 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3629 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3631 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3641 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3642 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3643 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3648 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3650 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3652 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3654 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3655 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3660 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3661 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3663 I32 type = o->op_type;
3665 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3667 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3669 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3670 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3675 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3676 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3678 I32 type = o->op_type;
3680 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3682 /* integerize op. */
3683 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3686 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[++(o->op_type)];
3689 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3690 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3691 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3697 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3702 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3707 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3708 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3710 U8 oldwarn = PL_dowarn;
3713 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3715 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3724 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3725 if (IN_LC_COMPILETIME(LC_CTYPE))
3734 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3735 if (IN_LC_COMPILETIME(LC_COLLATE))
3740 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3741 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
3742 if (IN_LC_COMPILETIME(LC_NUMERIC))
3747 if (!OP_HAS_SIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first)
3748 || OP_SIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first)->op_type != OP_CONST)
3751 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(OP_SIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first));
3752 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3754 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3755 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3756 if (isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(*s, 'p')) goto nope;
3763 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3766 if (cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first->op_type != OP_CONST
3767 || SvPADTMP(cSVOPx_sv(cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first)))
3771 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3772 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3774 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3775 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3776 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3778 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3780 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3786 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3787 old_next = o->op_next;
3791 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3792 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3794 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3795 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3796 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3797 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3798 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3799 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3800 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3801 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3805 /* Effective $^W=1. */
3806 if ( ! (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ALL_MASK))
3807 PL_dowarn |= G_WARN_ON;
3812 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3813 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3814 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3816 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3817 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3820 else { assert(SvIMMORTAL(sv)); }
3823 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3824 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3826 o->op_next = old_next;
3830 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3831 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3832 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3833 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3834 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3835 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3838 PL_dowarn = oldwarn;
3839 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3840 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3841 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3843 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3844 delete_eval_scope();
3851 if (type == OP_STRINGIFY) SvPADTMP_off(sv);
3852 else if (!SvIMMORTAL(sv)) {
3856 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3857 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3860 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3861 if (type != OP_STRINGIFY) newop->op_folded = 1;
3870 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3874 const SSize_t oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3879 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3880 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3882 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3885 S_prune_chain_head(&curop);
3887 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3890 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3891 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3892 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3893 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3895 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3896 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3897 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3898 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3899 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3900 av = (AV *)SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--);
3902 /* replace subtree with an OP_CONST */
3903 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3904 op_sibling_splice(o, NULL, -1, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, (SV *)av));
3907 if (AvFILLp(av) != -1)
3908 for (svp = AvARRAY(av) + AvFILLp(av); svp >= AvARRAY(av); --svp)
3911 SvREADONLY_on(*svp);
3917 /* convert o (and any siblings) into a list if not already, then
3918 * convert the parent OP_LIST to type 'type', and CHECKOP() and fold it
3922 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3925 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3926 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3927 o = force_list(o, 0);
3929 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3931 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3932 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3934 OP * const kid2 = OP_SIBLING(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3935 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3936 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3937 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3941 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3942 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3943 o->op_flags |= flags;
3945 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3946 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3949 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3953 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3956 /* List constructors */
3959 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3961 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3962 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3963 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3964 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3965 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3966 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3972 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3980 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3981 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3983 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3986 op_sibling_splice(first, ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last, 0, last);
3987 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3992 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3994 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3995 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3996 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3997 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3998 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3999 the other is returned unchanged.
4005 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
4013 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
4014 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
4016 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
4017 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
4019 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_lastsib = 0;
4020 OP_SIBLING_set(((LISTOP*)first)->op_last, ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first);
4021 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
4022 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_lastsib = 1;
4023 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
4024 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = first;
4026 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4029 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
4035 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
4037 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
4038 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
4039 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
4040 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
4041 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
4042 the other is returned unchanged.
4048 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
4056 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
4057 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
4058 /* insert 'first' after pushmark */
4059 op_sibling_splice(last, cLISTOPx(last)->op_first, 0, first);
4060 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
4061 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
4064 op_sibling_splice(last, NULL, 0, first);
4065 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4069 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
4076 =head1 Optree construction
4078 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
4080 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
4081 empty list expression.
4087 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
4089 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
4092 /* promote o and any siblings to be a list if its not already; i.e.
4100 * pushmark - o - A - B
4102 * If nullit it true, the list op is nulled.
4106 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o, bool nullit)
4108 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST) {
4111 /* manually detach any siblings then add them back later */
4112 rest = OP_SIBLING(o);
4113 OP_SIBLING_set(o, NULL);
4116 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
4118 op_sibling_splice(o, cLISTOPo->op_last, 0, rest);
4126 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
4128 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
4129 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
4130 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
4131 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
4132 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4138 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4143 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
4145 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
4147 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4148 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4151 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4155 else if (!first && last)
4158 OP_SIBLING_set(first, last);
4159 listop->op_first = first;
4160 listop->op_last = last;
4161 if (type == OP_LIST) {
4162 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
4163 pushop->op_lastsib = 0;
4164 OP_SIBLING_set(pushop, first);
4165 listop->op_first = pushop;
4166 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4168 listop->op_last = pushop;
4171 first->op_lastsib = 0;
4172 if (listop->op_last) {
4173 listop->op_last->op_lastsib = 1;
4174 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
4175 listop->op_last->op_sibling = (OP*)listop;
4179 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
4183 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4185 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
4186 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4187 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
4194 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4199 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
4200 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
4201 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
4204 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
4205 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
4206 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
4207 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4209 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
4210 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4211 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4212 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4215 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4216 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4218 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4219 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4220 return CHECKOP(type, o);
4224 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
4226 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
4227 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
4228 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
4229 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
4230 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
4231 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
4232 of the constructed op tree.
4238 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
4243 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
4244 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
4245 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
4248 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
4249 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
4250 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
4251 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
4252 || type == OP_SASSIGN
4253 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
4254 || type == OP_NULL );
4257 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
4258 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
4259 first = force_list(first, 1);
4261 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
4262 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4263 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4264 unop->op_first = first;
4265 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4266 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4268 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
4269 if (!OP_HAS_SIBLING(first)) /* true unless weird syntax error */
4270 first->op_sibling = (OP*)unop;
4273 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
4277 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
4281 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
4283 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
4284 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
4285 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
4286 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
4287 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
4288 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
4289 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4295 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4300 ASSUME((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4301 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4303 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4306 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4308 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4309 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4310 binop->op_first = first;
4311 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4314 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4317 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4318 OP_SIBLING_set(first, last);
4319 first->op_lastsib = 0;
4322 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
4323 if (!OP_HAS_SIBLING(last)) /* true unless weird syntax error */
4324 last->op_sibling = (OP*)binop;
4327 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4328 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4331 binop->op_last = OP_SIBLING(binop->op_first);
4332 #ifdef PERL_OP_PARENT
4334 binop->op_last->op_sibling = (OP*)binop;
4337 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4340 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4341 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4342 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4343 __attribute__pure__;
4344 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4346 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4348 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4350 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4352 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4358 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4360 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4362 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4365 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4366 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4372 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4373 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4374 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4379 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4382 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4385 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4387 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4388 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4390 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4391 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4405 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4406 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4409 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4413 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4416 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4418 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4422 /* There is a snag with this code on EBCDIC: scan_const() in toke.c has
4423 * encoded chars in native encoding which makes ranges in the EBCDIC 0..255
4427 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4430 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4432 transv = newSVpvs("");
4434 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4436 if (t < tend && *t == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) {
4438 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4442 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4446 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4447 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4449 diff = val - nextmin;
4451 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4452 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4454 U8 range_mark = ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE;
4455 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4456 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4457 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4464 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4465 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4467 U8 range_mark = ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE;
4468 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4470 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4471 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4472 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4473 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4477 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4478 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4481 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4482 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4484 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4488 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4489 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4490 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4491 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4493 if (t < tend && *t == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4495 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4502 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4503 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4505 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4507 if (r < rend && *r == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4509 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4518 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4522 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4523 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4524 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4531 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4532 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4534 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4535 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4537 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4541 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4542 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4545 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4546 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4548 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4549 max = rfirst + diff;
4551 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4552 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4564 else if (max > 0xff)
4569 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4571 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVf_READONLY);
4572 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4573 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4575 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4577 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4579 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4580 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4582 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4583 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4584 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4587 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4597 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4598 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4599 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4601 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4603 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4605 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4607 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4616 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4626 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4628 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4633 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4634 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4635 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4637 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4638 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4639 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4643 if (!rlen && !del) {
4646 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4648 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4649 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4651 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4653 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4654 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4656 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4662 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4663 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4670 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4671 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4672 } else if(rlen > tlen && !complement) {
4673 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4677 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4685 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4687 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4688 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4689 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4695 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4700 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4702 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4703 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4704 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4705 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4706 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4708 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4709 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4710 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4711 if (IN_LC_COMPILETIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
4712 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4717 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4719 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4720 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4721 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4723 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4724 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4725 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4727 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4728 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4734 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4735 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4736 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4737 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4738 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4739 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4741 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4743 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4745 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4746 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4747 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4749 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4750 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4751 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_tindex(PL_regex_padav);
4752 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4756 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4759 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4760 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4761 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4764 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4765 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4766 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4767 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4768 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4770 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4771 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4772 * the new sub was created
4776 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4781 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4783 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4784 bool is_compiletime;
4787 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4789 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4791 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4793 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4794 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4795 while (OP_SIBLING(kid) != repl)
4796 kid = OP_SIBLING(kid);
4797 op_sibling_splice(expr, kid, 1, NULL);
4800 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4805 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4806 first = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4807 last = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4808 assert(first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4809 assert(OP_SIBLING(first) == last);
4811 /* cut 'last' from sibling chain, then free everything else */
4812 op_sibling_splice(expr, first, 1, NULL);
4815 return pmtrans(o, last, repl);
4818 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4819 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4820 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4821 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4822 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4826 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4828 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = OP_SIBLING(o)) {
4829 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4831 assert(!o->op_next && OP_HAS_SIBLING(o));
4832 o->op_next = OP_SIBLING(o);
4834 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4838 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4843 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4844 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4846 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4848 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = OP_SIBLING(o)) {
4850 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4851 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4852 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4853 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4854 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4858 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4860 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4863 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4864 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4866 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);