package PerlIO;
-our $VERSION = '1.02';
+our $VERSION = '1.03';
# Map layer name to package that defines it
our %alias;
=over 4
-=item unix
+=item :unix
-Low level layer which calls C<read>, C<write> and C<lseek> etc.
+Lowest level layer which provides basic PerlIO operations in terms of
+UNIX/POSIX numeric file descriptor calls
+(open(), read(), write(), lseek(), close()).
-=item stdio
+=item :stdio
Layer which calls C<fread>, C<fwrite> and C<fseek>/C<ftell> etc. Note
that as this is "real" stdio it will ignore any layers beneath it and
got straight to the operating system via the C library as usual.
-=item perlio
+=item :perlio
-This is a re-implementation of "stdio-like" buffering written as a
-PerlIO "layer". As such it will call whatever layer is below it for
-its operations.
+A from scratch implementation of buffering for PerlIO. Provides fast
+access to the buffer for C<sv_gets> which implements perl's readline/E<lt>E<gt>
+and in general attempts to minimize data copying.
-=item crlf
+C<:perlio> will insert a C<:unix> layer below itself to do low level IO.
-A layer which does CRLF to "\n" translation distinguishing "text" and
-"binary" files in the manner of MS-DOS and similar operating systems.
-(It currently does I<not> mimic MS-DOS as far as treating of Control-Z
-as being an end-of-file marker.)
+=item :crlf
-=item utf8
+A layer that implements DOS/Windows like CRLF line endings. On read
+converts pairs of CR,LF to a single "\n" newline character. On write
+converts each "\n" to a CR,LF pair. Note that this layer likes to be
+one of its kind: it silently ignores attempts to be pushed into the
+layer stack more than once.
+
+It currently does I<not> mimic MS-DOS as far as treating of Control-Z
+as being an end-of-file marker.
+
+(Gory details follow) To be more exact what happens is this: after
+pushing itself to the stack, the C<:crlf> layer checks all the layers
+below itself to find the first layer that is capable of being a CRLF
+layer but is not yet enabled to be a CRLF layer. If it finds such a
+layer, it enables the CRLFness of that other deeper layer, and then
+pops itself off the stack. If not, fine, use the one we just pushed.
+
+The end result is that a C<:crlf> means "please enable the first CRLF
+layer you can find, and if you can't find one, here would be a good
+spot to place a new one."
+
+Based on the C<:perlio> layer.
+
+=item :mmap
+
+A layer which implements "reading" of files by using C<mmap()> to
+make (whole) file appear in the process's address space, and then
+using that as PerlIO's "buffer". This I<may> be faster in certain
+circumstances for large files, and may result in less physical memory
+use when multiple processes are reading the same file.
+
+Files which are not C<mmap()>-able revert to behaving like the C<:perlio>
+layer. Writes also behave like C<:perlio> layer as C<mmap()> for write
+needs extra house-keeping (to extend the file) which negates any advantage.
+
+The C<:mmap> layer will not exist if platform does not support C<mmap()>.
+
+=item :utf8
Declares that the stream accepts perl's internal encoding of
characters. (Which really is UTF-8 on ASCII machines, but is
$in = <F>;
close(F);
-=item bytes
+=item :bytes
This is the inverse of C<:utf8> layer. It turns off the flag
on the layer below so that data read from it is considered to
on output perl will warn if a "wide" character is written
to a such a stream.
-=item raw
+=item :raw
The C<:raw> layer is I<defined> as being identical to calling
C<binmode($fh)> - the stream is made suitable for passing binary data
i.e. each byte is passed as-is. The stream will still be
-buffered. Unlike in the earlier versions of Perl C<:raw> is I<not>
-just the inverse of C<:crlf> - other layers which would affect the
-binary nature of the stream are also removed or disabled.
+buffered.
+
+In Perl 5.6 and some books the C<:raw> layer (previously sometimes also
+referred to as a "discipline") is documented as the inverse of the
+C<:crlf> layer. That is no longer the case - other layers which would
+alter binary nature of the stream are also disabled. If you want UNIX
+line endings on a platform that normally does CRLF translation, but still
+want UTF-8 or encoding defaults the appropriate thing to do is to add
+C<:perlio> to PERLIO environment variable.
The implementation of C<:raw> is as a pseudo-layer which when "pushed"
pops itself and then any layers which do not declare themselves as suitable
will construct a "binary" stream, but then enable UTF-8 translation.
-=item pop
+=item :pop
A pseudo layer that removes the top-most layer. Gives perl code
a way to manipulate the layer stack. Should be considered
A more elegant (and safer) interface is needed.
+=item :win32
+
+On Win32 platforms this I<experimental> layer uses native "handle" IO
+rather than unix-like numeric file descriptor layer. Known to be
+buggy as of perl 5.8.2.
+
=back
=head2 Custom Layers
The arguments to layers are by default returned in parenthesis after
the name of the layer, and certain layers (like C<utf8>) are not real
layers but instead flags on real layers: to get all of these returned
-separately use the optional C<separate> argument:
+separately use the optional C<details> argument:
my @layer_and_args_and_flags = PerlIO::get_layers($fh, details => 1);
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff