3 * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
4 * 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * A Elbereth Gilthoniel,
13 * silivren penna míriel
14 * o menel aglar elenath!
15 * Na-chaered palan-díriel
16 * o galadhremmin ennorath,
17 * Fanuilos, le linnathon
18 * nef aear, si nef aearon!
20 * [p.238 of _The Lord of the Rings_, II/i: "Many Meetings"]
23 /* utility functions for handling locale-specific stuff like what
24 * character represents the decimal point.
26 * All C programs have an underlying locale. Perl code generally doesn't pay
27 * any attention to it except within the scope of a 'use locale'. For most
28 * categories, it accomplishes this by just using different operations if it is
29 * in such scope than if not. However, various libc functions called by Perl
30 * are affected by the LC_NUMERIC category, so there are macros in perl.h that
31 * are used to toggle between the current locale and the C locale depending on
32 * the desired behavior of those functions at the moment. And, LC_MESSAGES is
33 * switched to the C locale for outputting the message unless within the scope
36 * This code now has multi-thread-safe locale handling on systems that support
37 * that. This is completely transparent to most XS code. On earlier systems,
38 * it would be possible to emulate thread-safe locales, but this likely would
39 * involve a lot of locale switching, and would require XS code changes.
40 * Macros could be written so that the code wouldn't have to know which type of
41 * system is being used. It's unlikely that we would ever do that, since most
42 * modern systems support thread-safe locales, but there was code written to
43 * this end, and is retained, #ifdef'd out.
47 #define PERL_IN_LOCALE_C
48 #include "perl_langinfo.h"
60 /* If the environment says to, we can output debugging information during
61 * initialization. This is done before option parsing, and before any thread
62 * creation, so can be a file-level static */
63 #if ! defined(DEBUGGING)
64 # define debug_initialization 0
65 # define DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(v)
67 static bool debug_initialization = FALSE;
68 # define DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(v) (debug_initialization = v)
72 /* Returns the Unix errno portion; ignoring any others. This is a macro here
73 * instead of putting it into perl.h, because unclear to khw what should be
75 #define GET_ERRNO saved_errno
77 /* strlen() of a literal string constant. We might want this more general,
78 * but using it in just this file for now. A problem with more generality is
79 * the compiler warnings about comparing unlike signs */
80 #define STRLENs(s) (sizeof("" s "") - 1)
82 /* Is the C string input 'name' "C" or "POSIX"? If so, and 'name' is the
83 * return of setlocale(), then this is extremely likely to be the C or POSIX
84 * locale. However, the output of setlocale() is documented to be opaque, but
85 * the odds are extremely small that it would return these two strings for some
86 * other locale. Note that VMS in these two locales includes many non-ASCII
87 * characters as controls and punctuation (below are hex bytes):
89 * punct: A1-A3 A5 A7-AB B0-B3 B5-B7 B9-BD BF-CF D1-DD DF-EF F1-FD
90 * Oddly, none there are listed as alphas, though some represent alphabetics
91 * http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2013/02/msg198753.html */
92 #define isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(name) \
94 && (( *(name) == 'C' && (*(name + 1)) == '\0') \
95 || strEQ((name), "POSIX")))
99 /* This code keeps a LRU cache of the UTF-8ness of the locales it has so-far
100 * looked up. This is in the form of a C string: */
102 #define UTF8NESS_SEP "\v"
103 #define UTF8NESS_PREFIX "\f"
105 /* So, the string looks like:
107 * \vC\a0\vPOSIX\a0\vam_ET\a0\vaf_ZA.utf8\a1\ven_US.UTF-8\a1\0
109 * where the digit 0 after the \a indicates that the locale starting just
110 * after the preceding \v is not UTF-8, and the digit 1 mean it is. */
112 STATIC_ASSERT_DECL(STRLENs(UTF8NESS_SEP) == 1);
113 STATIC_ASSERT_DECL(STRLENs(UTF8NESS_PREFIX) == 1);
115 #define C_and_POSIX_utf8ness UTF8NESS_SEP "C" UTF8NESS_PREFIX "0" \
116 UTF8NESS_SEP "POSIX" UTF8NESS_PREFIX "0"
118 /* The cache is initialized to C_and_POSIX_utf8ness at start up. These are
119 * kept there always. The remining portion of the cache is LRU, with the
120 * oldest looked-up locale at the tail end */
123 S_stdize_locale(pTHX_ char *locs)
125 /* Standardize the locale name from a string returned by 'setlocale',
126 * possibly modifying that string.
128 * The typical return value of setlocale() is either
129 * (1) "xx_YY" if the first argument of setlocale() is not LC_ALL
130 * (2) "xa_YY xb_YY ..." if the first argument of setlocale() is LC_ALL
131 * (the space-separated values represent the various sublocales,
132 * in some unspecified order). This is not handled by this function.
134 * In some platforms it has a form like "LC_SOMETHING=Lang_Country.866\n",
135 * which is harmful for further use of the string in setlocale(). This
136 * function removes the trailing new line and everything up through the '='
139 const char * const s = strchr(locs, '=');
142 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_STDIZE_LOCALE;
145 const char * const t = strchr(s, '.');
148 const char * const u = strchr(t, '\n');
149 if (u && (u[1] == 0)) {
150 const STRLEN len = u - s;
151 Move(s + 1, locs, len, char);
159 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fix broken locale name \"%s\"", locs);
164 /* Two parallel arrays; first the locale categories Perl uses on this system;
165 * the second array is their names. These arrays are in mostly arbitrary
168 const int categories[] = {
170 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
173 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
176 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
179 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
182 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
185 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
188 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
191 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
194 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
197 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
200 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
203 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_SYNTAX
206 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TOD
212 -1 /* Placeholder because C doesn't allow a
213 trailing comma, and it would get complicated
214 with all the #ifdef's */
217 /* The top-most real element is LC_ALL */
219 const char * const category_names[] = {
221 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
224 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
227 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
230 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
233 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
236 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
239 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
242 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
245 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
248 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
251 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
254 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_SYNTAX
257 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TOD
263 NULL /* Placeholder */
268 /* On systems with LC_ALL, it is kept in the highest index position. (-2
269 * to account for the final unused placeholder element.) */
270 # define NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX (C_ARRAY_LENGTH(categories) - 2)
274 /* On systems without LC_ALL, we pretend it is there, one beyond the real
275 * top element, hence in the unused placeholder element. */
276 # define NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX (C_ARRAY_LENGTH(categories) - 1)
280 /* Pretending there is an LC_ALL element just above allows us to avoid most
281 * special cases. Most loops through these arrays in the code below are
282 * written like 'for (i = 0; i < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; i++)'. They will work
283 * on either type of system. But the code must be written to not access the
284 * element at 'LC_ALL_INDEX' except on platforms that have it. This can be
285 * checked for at compile time by using the #define LC_ALL_INDEX which is only
286 * defined if we do have LC_ALL. */
289 S_category_name(const int category)
295 if (category == LC_ALL) {
301 for (i = 0; i < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
302 if (category == categories[i]) {
303 return category_names[i];
308 const char suffix[] = " (unknown)";
310 Size_t length = sizeof(suffix) + 1;
319 /* Calculate the number of digits */
325 Newx(unknown, length, char);
326 my_snprintf(unknown, length, "%d%s", category, suffix);
332 /* Now create LC_foo_INDEX #defines for just those categories on this system */
333 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
334 # define LC_NUMERIC_INDEX 0
335 # define _DUMMY_NUMERIC LC_NUMERIC_INDEX
337 # define _DUMMY_NUMERIC -1
339 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
340 # define LC_CTYPE_INDEX _DUMMY_NUMERIC + 1
341 # define _DUMMY_CTYPE LC_CTYPE_INDEX
343 # define _DUMMY_CTYPE _DUMMY_NUMERIC
345 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
346 # define LC_COLLATE_INDEX _DUMMY_CTYPE + 1
347 # define _DUMMY_COLLATE LC_COLLATE_INDEX
349 # define _DUMMY_COLLATE _DUMMY_CTYPE
351 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
352 # define LC_TIME_INDEX _DUMMY_COLLATE + 1
353 # define _DUMMY_TIME LC_TIME_INDEX
355 # define _DUMMY_TIME _DUMMY_COLLATE
357 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
358 # define LC_MESSAGES_INDEX _DUMMY_TIME + 1
359 # define _DUMMY_MESSAGES LC_MESSAGES_INDEX
361 # define _DUMMY_MESSAGES _DUMMY_TIME
363 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
364 # define LC_MONETARY_INDEX _DUMMY_MESSAGES + 1
365 # define _DUMMY_MONETARY LC_MONETARY_INDEX
367 # define _DUMMY_MONETARY _DUMMY_MESSAGES
369 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
370 # define LC_ADDRESS_INDEX _DUMMY_MONETARY + 1
371 # define _DUMMY_ADDRESS LC_ADDRESS_INDEX
373 # define _DUMMY_ADDRESS _DUMMY_MONETARY
375 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
376 # define LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX _DUMMY_ADDRESS + 1
377 # define _DUMMY_IDENTIFICATION LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX
379 # define _DUMMY_IDENTIFICATION _DUMMY_ADDRESS
381 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
382 # define LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX _DUMMY_IDENTIFICATION + 1
383 # define _DUMMY_MEASUREMENT LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX
385 # define _DUMMY_MEASUREMENT _DUMMY_IDENTIFICATION
387 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
388 # define LC_PAPER_INDEX _DUMMY_MEASUREMENT + 1
389 # define _DUMMY_PAPER LC_PAPER_INDEX
391 # define _DUMMY_PAPER _DUMMY_MEASUREMENT
393 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
394 # define LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX _DUMMY_PAPER + 1
395 # define _DUMMY_TELEPHONE LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX
397 # define _DUMMY_TELEPHONE _DUMMY_PAPER
399 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_SYNTAX
400 # define LC_SYNTAX_INDEX _DUMMY_TELEPHONE + 1
401 # define _DUMMY_SYNTAX LC_SYNTAX_INDEX
403 # define _DUMMY_SYNTAX _DUMMY_TELEPHONE
405 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TOD
406 # define LC_TOD_INDEX _DUMMY_SYNTAX + 1
407 # define _DUMMY_TOD LC_TOD_INDEX
409 # define _DUMMY_TOD _DUMMY_SYNTAX
412 # define LC_ALL_INDEX _DUMMY_TOD + 1
414 #endif /* ifdef USE_LOCALE */
416 /* Windows requres a customized base-level setlocale() */
418 # define my_setlocale(cat, locale) win32_setlocale(cat, locale)
420 # define my_setlocale(cat, locale) setlocale(cat, locale)
423 #ifndef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
425 /* "do_setlocale_c" is intended to be called when the category is a constant
426 * known at compile time; "do_setlocale_r", not known until run time */
427 # define do_setlocale_c(cat, locale) my_setlocale(cat, locale)
428 # define do_setlocale_r(cat, locale) my_setlocale(cat, locale)
429 # define FIX_GLIBC_LC_MESSAGES_BUG(i)
431 #else /* Below uses POSIX 2008 */
433 /* We emulate setlocale with our own function. LC_foo is not valid for the
434 * POSIX 2008 functions. Instead LC_foo_MASK is used, which we use an array
435 * lookup to convert to. At compile time we have defined LC_foo_INDEX as the
436 * proper offset into the array 'category_masks[]'. At runtime, we have to
437 * search through the array (as the actual numbers may not be small contiguous
438 * positive integers which would lend themselves to array lookup). */
439 # define do_setlocale_c(cat, locale) \
440 emulate_setlocale(cat, locale, cat ## _INDEX, TRUE)
441 # define do_setlocale_r(cat, locale) emulate_setlocale(cat, locale, 0, FALSE)
443 # if ! defined(__GLIBC__) || ! defined(USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES)
445 # define FIX_GLIBC_LC_MESSAGES_BUG(i)
447 # else /* Invalidate glibc cache of loaded translations, see [perl #134264] */
449 # include <libintl.h>
450 # define FIX_GLIBC_LC_MESSAGES_BUG(i) \
452 if ((i) == LC_MESSAGES_INDEX) { \
453 textdomain(textdomain(NULL)); \
459 /* A third array, parallel to the ones above to map from category to its
461 const int category_masks[] = {
462 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
465 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
468 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
471 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
474 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
477 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
480 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
483 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
484 LC_IDENTIFICATION_MASK,
486 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
489 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
492 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
495 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_SYNTAX
498 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TOD
501 /* LC_ALL can't be turned off by a Configure
502 * option, and in Posix 2008, should always be
503 * here, so compile it in unconditionally.
504 * This could catch some glitches at compile
510 S_emulate_setlocale(const int category,
513 const bool is_index_valid
516 /* This function effectively performs a setlocale() on just the current
517 * thread; thus it is thread-safe. It does this by using the POSIX 2008
518 * locale functions to emulate the behavior of setlocale(). Similar to
519 * regular setlocale(), the return from this function points to memory that
520 * can be overwritten by other system calls, so needs to be copied
521 * immediately if you need to retain it. The difference here is that
522 * system calls besides another setlocale() can overwrite it.
524 * By doing this, most locale-sensitive functions become thread-safe. The
525 * exceptions are mostly those that return a pointer to static memory.
527 * This function takes the same parameters, 'category' and 'locale', that
528 * the regular setlocale() function does, but it also takes two additional
529 * ones. This is because the 2008 functions don't use a category; instead
530 * they use a corresponding mask. Because this function operates in both
531 * worlds, it may need one or the other or both. This function can
532 * calculate the mask from the input category, but to avoid this
533 * calculation, if the caller knows at compile time what the mask is, it
534 * can pass it, setting 'is_index_valid' to TRUE; otherwise the mask
535 * parameter is ignored.
537 * POSIX 2008, for some sick reason, chose not to provide a method to find
538 * the category name of a locale. Some vendors have created a
539 * querylocale() function to do just that. This function is a lot simpler
540 * to implement on systems that have this. Otherwise, we have to keep
541 * track of what the locale has been set to, so that we can return its
542 * name to emulate setlocale(). It's also possible for C code in some
543 * library to change the locale without us knowing it, though as of
544 * September 2017, there are no occurrences in CPAN of uselocale(). Some
545 * libraries do use setlocale(), but that changes the global locale, and
546 * threads using per-thread locales will just ignore those changes.
547 * Another problem is that without querylocale(), we have to guess at what
548 * was meant by setting a locale of "". We handle this by not actually
549 * ever setting to "" (unless querylocale exists), but to emulate what we
550 * think should happen for "".
560 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
561 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale input=%d (%s), \"%s\", %d, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, category, category_name(category), locale, index, is_index_valid);
566 /* If the input mask might be incorrect, calculate the correct one */
567 if (! is_index_valid) {
572 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
573 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: finding index of category %d (%s)\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, category, category_name(category));
578 for (i = 0; i <= LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
579 if (category == categories[i]) {
585 /* Here, we don't know about this category, so can't handle it.
586 * Fallback to the early POSIX usages */
587 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE),
588 "Unknown locale category %d; can't set it to %s\n",
596 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
597 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: index is %d for %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, index, category_name(category));
604 mask = category_masks[index];
608 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
609 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: category name is %s; mask is 0x%x\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, category_names[index], mask);
614 /* If just querying what the existing locale is ... */
615 if (locale == NULL) {
616 locale_t cur_obj = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
620 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
621 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale querying %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, cur_obj);
626 if (cur_obj == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE) {
627 return my_setlocale(category, NULL);
630 # ifdef HAS_QUERYLOCALE
632 return (char *) querylocale(mask, cur_obj);
636 /* If this assert fails, adjust the size of curlocales in intrpvar.h */
637 STATIC_ASSERT_STMT(C_ARRAY_LENGTH(PL_curlocales) > LC_ALL_INDEX);
639 # if defined(_NL_LOCALE_NAME) \
640 && defined(DEBUGGING) \
641 /* On systems that accept any locale name, the real underlying \
642 * locale is often returned by this internal function, so we \
644 && ! defined(SETLOCALE_ACCEPTS_ANY_LOCALE_NAME)
646 /* Internal glibc for querylocale(), but doesn't handle
647 * empty-string ("") locale properly; who knows what other
648 * glitches. Check for it now, under debug. */
650 char * temp_name = nl_langinfo_l(_NL_LOCALE_NAME(category),
651 uselocale((locale_t) 0));
653 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: temp_name=%s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, temp_name ? temp_name : "NULL");
654 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: index=%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, index);
655 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: PL_curlocales[index]=%s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_curlocales[index]);
657 if (temp_name && PL_curlocales[index] && strNE(temp_name, "")) {
658 if ( strNE(PL_curlocales[index], temp_name)
659 && ! ( isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(temp_name)
660 && isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(PL_curlocales[index]))) {
662 # ifdef USE_C_BACKTRACE
664 dump_c_backtrace(Perl_debug_log, 20, 1);
668 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Mismatch between what Perl thinks %s is"
669 " (%s) and what internal glibc thinks"
670 " (%s)\n", category_names[index],
671 PL_curlocales[index], temp_name);
680 /* Without querylocale(), we have to use our record-keeping we've
683 if (category != LC_ALL) {
687 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
688 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale returning %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_curlocales[index]);
693 return PL_curlocales[index];
695 else { /* For LC_ALL */
697 Size_t names_len = 0;
699 bool are_all_categories_the_same_locale = TRUE;
701 /* If we have a valid LC_ALL value, just return it */
702 if (PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX]) {
706 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
707 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale returning %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX]);
712 return PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX];
715 /* Otherwise, we need to construct a string of name=value pairs.
716 * We use the glibc syntax, like
717 * LC_NUMERIC=C;LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8;...
718 * First calculate the needed size. Along the way, check if all
719 * the locale names are the same */
720 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
724 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
725 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale i=%d, name=%s, locale=%s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, i, category_names[i], PL_curlocales[i]);
730 names_len += strlen(category_names[i])
732 + strlen(PL_curlocales[i])
735 if (i > 0 && strNE(PL_curlocales[i], PL_curlocales[i-1])) {
736 are_all_categories_the_same_locale = FALSE;
740 /* If they are the same, we don't actually have to construct the
741 * string; we just make the entry in LC_ALL_INDEX valid, and be
742 * that single name */
743 if (are_all_categories_the_same_locale) {
744 PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX] = savepv(PL_curlocales[0]);
745 return PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX];
748 names_len++; /* Trailing '\0' */
749 SAVEFREEPV(Newx(all_string, names_len, char));
752 /* Then fill in the string */
753 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
757 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
758 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale i=%d, name=%s, locale=%s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, i, category_names[i], PL_curlocales[i]);
763 my_strlcat(all_string, category_names[i], names_len);
764 my_strlcat(all_string, "=", names_len);
765 my_strlcat(all_string, PL_curlocales[i], names_len);
766 my_strlcat(all_string, ";", names_len);
771 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
772 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale returning %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, all_string);
782 SETERRNO(EINVAL, LIB_INVARG);
790 } /* End of this being setlocale(LC_foo, NULL) */
792 /* Here, we are switching locales. */
794 # ifndef HAS_QUERYLOCALE
796 if (strEQ(locale, "")) {
798 /* For non-querylocale() systems, we do the setting of "" ourselves to
799 * be sure that we really know what's going on. We follow the Linux
800 * documented behavior (but if that differs from the actual behavior,
801 * this won't work exactly as the OS implements). We go out and
802 * examine the environment based on our understanding of how the system
803 * works, and use that to figure things out */
805 const char * const lc_all = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL");
807 /* Use any "LC_ALL" environment variable, as it overrides everything
809 if (lc_all && strNE(lc_all, "")) {
814 /* Otherwise, we need to dig deeper. Unless overridden, the
815 * default is the LANG environment variable; if it doesn't exist,
818 const char * default_name;
820 default_name = PerlEnv_getenv("LANG");
822 if (! default_name || strEQ(default_name, "")) {
826 if (category != LC_ALL) {
827 const char * const name = PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[index]);
829 /* Here we are setting a single category. Assume will have the
831 locale = default_name;
833 /* But then look for an overriding environment variable */
834 if (name && strNE(name, "")) {
839 bool did_override = FALSE;
842 /* Here, we are getting LC_ALL. Any categories that don't have
843 * a corresponding environment variable set should be set to
844 * LANG, or to "C" if there is no LANG. If no individual
845 * categories differ from this, we can just set LC_ALL. This
846 * is buggy on systems that have extra categories that we don't
847 * know about. If there is an environment variable that sets
848 * that category, we won't know to look for it, and so our use
849 * of LANG or "C" improperly overrides it. On the other hand,
850 * if we don't do what is done here, and there is no
851 * environment variable, the category's locale should be set to
852 * LANG or "C". So there is no good solution. khw thinks the
853 * best is to look at systems to see what categories they have,
854 * and include them, and then to assume that we know the
857 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
858 const char * const env_override
859 = PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[i]);
860 const char * this_locale = ( env_override
861 && strNE(env_override, ""))
864 if (! emulate_setlocale(categories[i], this_locale, i, TRUE))
869 if (strNE(this_locale, default_name)) {
874 /* If all the categories are the same, we can set LC_ALL to
876 if (! did_override) {
877 locale = default_name;
881 /* Here, LC_ALL is no longer valid, as some individual
882 * categories don't match it. We call ourselves
883 * recursively, as that will execute the code that
884 * generates the proper locale string for this situation.
885 * We don't do the remainder of this function, as that is
886 * to update our records, and we've just done that for the
887 * individual categories in the loop above, and doing so
888 * would cause LC_ALL to be done as well */
889 return emulate_setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL, LC_ALL_INDEX, TRUE);
893 } /* End of this being setlocale(LC_foo, "") */
894 else if (strchr(locale, ';')) {
896 /* LC_ALL may actually incude a conglomeration of various categories.
897 * Without querylocale, this code uses the glibc (as of this writing)
898 * syntax for representing that, but that is not a stable API, and
899 * other platforms do it differently, so we have to handle all cases
903 const char * s = locale;
904 const char * e = locale + strlen(locale);
906 const char * category_end;
907 const char * name_start;
908 const char * name_end;
910 /* If the string that gives what to set doesn't include all categories,
911 * the omitted ones get set to "C". To get this behavior, first set
912 * all the individual categories to "C", and override the furnished
914 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
915 if (! emulate_setlocale(categories[i], "C", i, TRUE)) {
922 /* Parse through the category */
923 while (isWORDCHAR(*p)) {
930 "panic: %s: %d: Unexpected character in locale name '%02X",
931 __FILE__, __LINE__, *(p-1));
934 /* Parse through the locale name */
936 while (p < e && *p != ';') {
939 "panic: %s: %d: Unexpected character in locale name '%02X",
940 __FILE__, __LINE__, *(p-1));
946 /* Space past the semi-colon */
951 /* Find the index of the category name in our lists */
952 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
953 char * individ_locale;
955 /* Keep going if this isn't the index. The strnNE() avoids a
956 * Perl_form(), but would fail if ever a category name could be
957 * a substring of another one, like if there were a
959 if strnNE(s, category_names[i], category_end - s) {
963 /* If this index is for the single category we're changing, we
964 * have found the locale to set it to. */
965 if (category == categories[i]) {
966 locale = Perl_form(aTHX_ "%.*s",
967 (int) (name_end - name_start),
972 assert(category == LC_ALL);
973 individ_locale = Perl_form(aTHX_ "%.*s",
974 (int) (name_end - name_start), name_start);
975 if (! emulate_setlocale(categories[i], individ_locale, i, TRUE))
984 /* Here we have set all the individual categories by recursive calls.
985 * These collectively should have fixed up LC_ALL, so can just query
986 * what that now is */
987 assert(category == LC_ALL);
989 return do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, NULL);
990 } /* End of this being setlocale(LC_ALL,
991 "LC_CTYPE=foo;LC_NUMERIC=bar;...") */
995 /* Here at the end of having to deal with the absence of querylocale().
996 * Some cases have already been fully handled by recursive calls to this
997 * function. But at this point, we haven't dealt with those, but are now
998 * prepared to, knowing what the locale name to set this category to is.
999 * This would have come for free if this system had had querylocale() */
1001 # endif /* end of ! querylocale */
1003 assert(PL_C_locale_obj);
1005 /* Switching locales generally entails freeing the current one's space (at
1006 * the C library's discretion). We need to stop using that locale before
1007 * the switch. So switch to a known locale object that we don't otherwise
1008 * mess with. This returns the locale object in effect at the time of the
1010 old_obj = uselocale(PL_C_locale_obj);
1014 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1015 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale was using %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, old_obj);
1024 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1026 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale switching to C failed: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, GET_ERRNO);
1037 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1038 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1039 "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale now using %p\n",
1040 __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_C_locale_obj);
1045 /* If this call is to switch to the LC_ALL C locale, it already exists, and
1046 * in fact, we already have switched to it (in preparation for what
1047 * normally is to come). But since we're already there, continue to use
1048 * it instead of trying to create a new locale */
1049 if (mask == LC_ALL_MASK && isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(locale)) {
1053 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1054 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1055 "%s:%d: will stay in C object\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
1060 new_obj = PL_C_locale_obj;
1062 /* We already had switched to the C locale in preparation for freeing
1064 if (old_obj != LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE && old_obj != PL_C_locale_obj) {
1065 freelocale(old_obj);
1069 /* If we weren't in a thread safe locale, set so that newlocale() below
1070 * which uses 'old_obj', uses an empty one. Same for our reserved C
1071 * object. The latter is defensive coding, so that, even if there is
1072 * some bug, we will never end up trying to modify either of these, as
1073 * if passed to newlocale(), they can be. */
1074 if (old_obj == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE || old_obj == PL_C_locale_obj) {
1075 old_obj = (locale_t) 0;
1078 /* Ready to create a new locale by modification of the exising one */
1079 new_obj = newlocale(mask, locale, old_obj);
1086 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1087 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1088 "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale creating new object"
1089 " failed: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, GET_ERRNO);
1094 if (! uselocale(old_obj)) {
1098 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1099 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1100 "%s:%d: switching back failed: %d\n",
1101 __FILE__, __LINE__, GET_ERRNO);
1113 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1114 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1115 "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale created %p",
1116 __FILE__, __LINE__, new_obj);
1118 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1119 "; should have freed %p", old_obj);
1121 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
1126 /* And switch into it */
1127 if (! uselocale(new_obj)) {
1132 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1133 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1134 "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale switching to new object"
1135 " failed\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
1140 if (! uselocale(old_obj)) {
1144 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1145 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1146 "%s:%d: switching back failed: %d\n",
1147 __FILE__, __LINE__, GET_ERRNO);
1153 freelocale(new_obj);
1161 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1162 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1163 "%s:%d: emulate_setlocale now using %p\n",
1164 __FILE__, __LINE__, new_obj);
1169 /* We are done, except for updating our records (if the system doesn't keep
1170 * them) and in the case of locale "", we don't actually know what the
1171 * locale that got switched to is, as it came from the environment. So
1172 * have to find it */
1174 # ifdef HAS_QUERYLOCALE
1176 if (strEQ(locale, "")) {
1177 locale = querylocale(mask, new_obj);
1182 /* Here, 'locale' is the return value */
1184 /* Without querylocale(), we have to update our records */
1186 if (category == LC_ALL) {
1189 /* For LC_ALL, we change all individual categories to correspond */
1190 /* PL_curlocales is a parallel array, so has same
1191 * length as 'categories' */
1192 for (i = 0; i <= LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
1193 Safefree(PL_curlocales[i]);
1194 PL_curlocales[i] = savepv(locale);
1197 FIX_GLIBC_LC_MESSAGES_BUG(LC_MESSAGES_INDEX);
1201 /* For a single category, if it's not the same as the one in LC_ALL, we
1204 if (PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX] && strNE(PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX], locale)) {
1205 Safefree(PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX]);
1206 PL_curlocales[LC_ALL_INDEX] = NULL;
1209 /* Then update the category's record */
1210 Safefree(PL_curlocales[index]);
1211 PL_curlocales[index] = savepv(locale);
1213 FIX_GLIBC_LC_MESSAGES_BUG(index);
1221 #endif /* USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE */
1226 S_set_numeric_radix(pTHX_ const bool use_locale)
1228 /* If 'use_locale' is FALSE, set to use a dot for the radix character. If
1229 * TRUE, use the radix character derived from the current locale */
1231 #if defined(USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC) && ( defined(HAS_LOCALECONV) \
1232 || defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO))
1234 const char * radix = (use_locale)
1235 ? my_nl_langinfo(RADIXCHAR, FALSE)
1236 /* FALSE => already in dest locale */
1239 sv_setpv(PL_numeric_radix_sv, radix);
1241 /* If this is valid UTF-8 that isn't totally ASCII, and we are in
1242 * a UTF-8 locale, then mark the radix as being in UTF-8 */
1243 if (is_utf8_non_invariant_string((U8 *) SvPVX(PL_numeric_radix_sv),
1244 SvCUR(PL_numeric_radix_sv))
1245 && _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_NUMERIC))
1247 SvUTF8_on(PL_numeric_radix_sv);
1252 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1253 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Locale radix is '%s', ?UTF-8=%d\n",
1254 SvPVX(PL_numeric_radix_sv),
1255 cBOOL(SvUTF8(PL_numeric_radix_sv)));
1261 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(use_locale);
1263 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC and can find the radix char */
1268 S_new_numeric(pTHX_ const char *newnum)
1271 #ifndef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1273 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newnum);
1277 /* Called after each libc setlocale() call affecting LC_NUMERIC, to tell
1278 * core Perl this and that 'newnum' is the name of the new locale.
1279 * It installs this locale as the current underlying default.
1281 * The default locale and the C locale can be toggled between by use of the
1282 * set_numeric_underlying() and set_numeric_standard() functions, which
1283 * should probably not be called directly, but only via macros like
1284 * SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD() in perl.h.
1286 * The toggling is necessary mainly so that a non-dot radix decimal point
1287 * character can be output, while allowing internal calculations to use a
1290 * This sets several interpreter-level variables:
1291 * PL_numeric_name The underlying locale's name: a copy of 'newnum'
1292 * PL_numeric_underlying A boolean indicating if the toggled state is such
1293 * that the current locale is the program's underlying
1295 * PL_numeric_standard An int indicating if the toggled state is such
1296 * that the current locale is the C locale or
1297 * indistinguishable from the C locale. If non-zero, it
1298 * is in C; if > 1, it means it may not be toggled away
1300 * PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard A bool kept by this function
1301 * indicating that the underlying locale and the standard
1302 * C locale are indistinguishable for the purposes of
1303 * LC_NUMERIC. This happens when both of the above two
1304 * variables are true at the same time. (Toggling is a
1305 * no-op under these circumstances.) This variable is
1306 * used to avoid having to recalculate.
1312 Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
1313 PL_numeric_name = NULL;
1314 PL_numeric_standard = TRUE;
1315 PL_numeric_underlying = TRUE;
1316 PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard = TRUE;
1320 save_newnum = stdize_locale(savepv(newnum));
1321 PL_numeric_underlying = TRUE;
1322 PL_numeric_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_newnum);
1324 #ifndef TS_W32_BROKEN_LOCALECONV
1326 /* If its name isn't C nor POSIX, it could still be indistinguishable from
1327 * them. But on broken Windows systems calling my_nl_langinfo() for
1328 * THOUSEP can currently (but rarely) cause a race, so avoid doing that,
1329 * and just always change the locale if not C nor POSIX on those systems */
1330 if (! PL_numeric_standard) {
1331 PL_numeric_standard = cBOOL(strEQ(".", my_nl_langinfo(RADIXCHAR,
1332 FALSE /* Don't toggle locale */ ))
1333 && strEQ("", my_nl_langinfo(THOUSEP, FALSE)));
1338 /* Save the new name if it isn't the same as the previous one, if any */
1339 if (! PL_numeric_name || strNE(PL_numeric_name, save_newnum)) {
1340 Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
1341 PL_numeric_name = save_newnum;
1344 Safefree(save_newnum);
1347 PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard = PL_numeric_standard;
1349 # ifdef HAS_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
1351 PL_underlying_numeric_obj = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK,
1353 PL_underlying_numeric_obj);
1357 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1358 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Called new_numeric with %s, PL_numeric_name=%s\n", newnum, PL_numeric_name);
1361 /* Keep LC_NUMERIC in the C locale. This is for XS modules, so they don't
1362 * have to worry about the radix being a non-dot. (Core operations that
1363 * need the underlying locale change to it temporarily). */
1364 if (PL_numeric_standard) {
1365 set_numeric_radix(0);
1368 set_numeric_standard();
1371 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1376 Perl_set_numeric_standard(pTHX)
1379 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1381 /* Toggle the LC_NUMERIC locale to C. Most code should use the macros like
1382 * SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD() in perl.h instead of calling this directly. The
1383 * macro avoids calling this routine if toggling isn't necessary according
1384 * to our records (which could be wrong if some XS code has changed the
1385 * locale behind our back) */
1389 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1390 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1391 "Setting LC_NUMERIC locale to standard C\n");
1396 do_setlocale_c(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
1397 PL_numeric_standard = TRUE;
1398 PL_numeric_underlying = PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard;
1399 set_numeric_radix(0);
1401 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1406 Perl_set_numeric_underlying(pTHX)
1409 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1411 /* Toggle the LC_NUMERIC locale to the current underlying default. Most
1412 * code should use the macros like SET_NUMERIC_UNDERLYING() in perl.h
1413 * instead of calling this directly. The macro avoids calling this routine
1414 * if toggling isn't necessary according to our records (which could be
1415 * wrong if some XS code has changed the locale behind our back) */
1419 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1420 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1421 "Setting LC_NUMERIC locale to %s\n",
1427 do_setlocale_c(LC_NUMERIC, PL_numeric_name);
1428 PL_numeric_standard = PL_numeric_underlying_is_standard;
1429 PL_numeric_underlying = TRUE;
1430 set_numeric_radix(! PL_numeric_standard);
1432 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1437 * Set up for a new ctype locale.
1440 S_new_ctype(pTHX_ const char *newctype)
1443 #ifndef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
1445 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newctype);
1446 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1450 /* Called after each libc setlocale() call affecting LC_CTYPE, to tell
1451 * core Perl this and that 'newctype' is the name of the new locale.
1453 * This function sets up the folding arrays for all 256 bytes, assuming
1454 * that tofold() is tolc() since fold case is not a concept in POSIX,
1456 * Any code changing the locale (outside this file) should use
1457 * Perl_setlocale or POSIX::setlocale, which call this function. Therefore
1458 * this function should be called directly only from this file and from
1459 * POSIX::setlocale() */
1463 /* Don't check for problems if we are suppressing the warnings */
1464 bool check_for_problems = ckWARN_d(WARN_LOCALE) || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST);
1465 bool maybe_utf8_turkic = FALSE;
1467 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_CTYPE;
1469 /* We will replace any bad locale warning with 1) nothing if the new one is
1470 * ok; or 2) a new warning for the bad new locale */
1471 if (PL_warn_locale) {
1472 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
1473 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
1476 PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_CTYPE);
1478 /* A UTF-8 locale gets standard rules. But note that code still has to
1479 * handle this specially because of the three problematic code points */
1480 if (PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
1481 Copy(PL_fold_latin1, PL_fold_locale, 256, U8);
1483 /* UTF-8 locales can have special handling for 'I' and 'i' if they are
1484 * Turkic. Make sure these two are the only anomalies. (We don't use
1485 * towupper and towlower because they aren't in C89.) */
1487 #if defined(HAS_TOWUPPER) && defined (HAS_TOWLOWER)
1489 if (towupper('i') == 0x130 && towlower('I') == 0x131) {
1493 if (toupper('i') == 'i' && tolower('I') == 'I') {
1496 check_for_problems = TRUE;
1497 maybe_utf8_turkic = TRUE;
1501 /* We don't populate the other lists if a UTF-8 locale, but do check that
1502 * everything works as expected, unless checking turned off */
1503 if (check_for_problems || ! PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
1504 /* Assume enough space for every character being bad. 4 spaces each
1505 * for the 94 printable characters that are output like "'x' "; and 5
1506 * spaces each for "'\\' ", "'\t' ", and "'\n' "; plus a terminating
1508 char bad_chars_list[ (94 * 4) + (3 * 5) + 1 ] = { '\0' };
1509 bool multi_byte_locale = FALSE; /* Assume is a single-byte locale
1511 unsigned int bad_count = 0; /* Count of bad characters */
1513 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
1514 if (! PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
1516 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) tolower(i);
1517 else if (islower(i))
1518 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) toupper(i);
1520 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) i;
1523 /* If checking for locale problems, see if the native ASCII-range
1524 * printables plus \n and \t are in their expected categories in
1525 * the new locale. If not, this could mean big trouble, upending
1526 * Perl's and most programs' assumptions, like having a
1527 * metacharacter with special meaning become a \w. Fortunately,
1528 * it's very rare to find locales that aren't supersets of ASCII
1529 * nowadays. It isn't a problem for most controls to be changed
1530 * into something else; we check only \n and \t, though perhaps \r
1531 * could be an issue as well. */
1532 if ( check_for_problems
1533 && (isGRAPH_A(i) || isBLANK_A(i) || i == '\n'))
1535 bool is_bad = FALSE;
1536 char name[4] = { '\0' };
1538 /* Convert the name into a string */
1543 else if (i == '\n') {
1544 my_strlcpy(name, "\\n", sizeof(name));
1546 else if (i == '\t') {
1547 my_strlcpy(name, "\\t", sizeof(name));
1551 my_strlcpy(name, "' '", sizeof(name));
1554 /* Check each possibe class */
1555 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isalnum(i)) != cBOOL(isALPHANUMERIC_A(i)))) {
1557 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1558 "isalnum('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1559 name, cBOOL(isalnum(i))));
1561 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isalpha(i)) != cBOOL(isALPHA_A(i)))) {
1563 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1564 "isalpha('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1565 name, cBOOL(isalpha(i))));
1567 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isdigit(i)) != cBOOL(isDIGIT_A(i)))) {
1569 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1570 "isdigit('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1571 name, cBOOL(isdigit(i))));
1573 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isgraph(i)) != cBOOL(isGRAPH_A(i)))) {
1575 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1576 "isgraph('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1577 name, cBOOL(isgraph(i))));
1579 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(islower(i)) != cBOOL(isLOWER_A(i)))) {
1581 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1582 "islower('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1583 name, cBOOL(islower(i))));
1585 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isprint(i)) != cBOOL(isPRINT_A(i)))) {
1587 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1588 "isprint('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1589 name, cBOOL(isprint(i))));
1591 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(ispunct(i)) != cBOOL(isPUNCT_A(i)))) {
1593 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1594 "ispunct('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1595 name, cBOOL(ispunct(i))));
1597 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isspace(i)) != cBOOL(isSPACE_A(i)))) {
1599 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1600 "isspace('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1601 name, cBOOL(isspace(i))));
1603 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isupper(i)) != cBOOL(isUPPER_A(i)))) {
1605 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1606 "isupper('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1607 name, cBOOL(isupper(i))));
1609 if (UNLIKELY(cBOOL(isxdigit(i))!= cBOOL(isXDIGIT_A(i)))) {
1611 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1612 "isxdigit('%s') unexpectedly is %d\n",
1613 name, cBOOL(isxdigit(i))));
1615 if (UNLIKELY(tolower(i) != (int) toLOWER_A(i))) {
1617 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1618 "tolower('%s')=0x%x instead of the expected 0x%x\n",
1619 name, tolower(i), (int) toLOWER_A(i)));
1621 if (UNLIKELY(toupper(i) != (int) toUPPER_A(i))) {
1623 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1624 "toupper('%s')=0x%x instead of the expected 0x%x\n",
1625 name, toupper(i), (int) toUPPER_A(i)));
1627 if (UNLIKELY((i == '\n' && ! isCNTRL_LC(i)))) {
1629 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1630 "'\\n' (=%02X) is not a control\n", (int) i));
1633 /* Add to the list; Separate multiple entries with a blank */
1636 my_strlcat(bad_chars_list, " ", sizeof(bad_chars_list));
1638 my_strlcat(bad_chars_list, name, sizeof(bad_chars_list));
1644 if (bad_count == 2 && maybe_utf8_turkic) {
1646 *bad_chars_list = '\0';
1647 PL_fold_locale['I'] = 'I';
1648 PL_fold_locale['i'] = 'i';
1649 PL_in_utf8_turkic_locale = TRUE;
1650 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s is turkic\n",
1651 __FILE__, __LINE__, newctype));
1654 PL_in_utf8_turkic_locale = FALSE;
1659 /* We only handle single-byte locales (outside of UTF-8 ones; so if
1660 * this locale requires more than one byte, there are going to be
1662 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1663 "%s:%d: check_for_problems=%d, MB_CUR_MAX=%d\n",
1664 __FILE__, __LINE__, check_for_problems, (int) MB_CUR_MAX));
1666 if ( check_for_problems && MB_CUR_MAX > 1
1667 && ! PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale
1669 /* Some platforms return MB_CUR_MAX > 1 for even the "C"
1670 * locale. Just assume that the implementation for them (plus
1671 * for POSIX) is correct and the > 1 value is spurious. (Since
1672 * these are specially handled to never be considered UTF-8
1673 * locales, as long as this is the only problem, everything
1674 * should work fine */
1675 && strNE(newctype, "C") && strNE(newctype, "POSIX"))
1677 multi_byte_locale = TRUE;
1682 /* If we found problems and we want them output, do so */
1683 if ( (UNLIKELY(bad_count) || UNLIKELY(multi_byte_locale))
1684 && (LIKELY(ckWARN_d(WARN_LOCALE)) || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST)))
1686 if (UNLIKELY(bad_count) && PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
1687 PL_warn_locale = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1688 "Locale '%s' contains (at least) the following characters"
1689 " which have\nunexpected meanings: %s\nThe Perl program"
1690 " will use the expected meanings",
1691 newctype, bad_chars_list);
1694 PL_warn_locale = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1695 "Locale '%s' may not work well.%s%s%s\n",
1698 ? " Some characters in it are not recognized by"
1702 ? "\nThe following characters (and maybe others)"
1703 " may not have the same meaning as the Perl"
1704 " program expects:\n"
1712 # ifdef HAS_NL_LANGINFO
1714 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ PL_warn_locale, "; codeset=%s",
1715 /* parameter FALSE is a don't care here */
1716 my_nl_langinfo(CODESET, FALSE));
1720 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ PL_warn_locale, "\n");
1722 /* If we are actually in the scope of the locale or are debugging,
1723 * output the message now. If not in that scope, we save the
1724 * message to be output at the first operation using this locale,
1725 * if that actually happens. Most programs don't use locales, so
1726 * they are immune to bad ones. */
1727 if (IN_LC(LC_CTYPE) || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST)) {
1729 /* The '0' below suppresses a bogus gcc compiler warning */
1730 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE), SvPVX(PL_warn_locale), 0);
1732 if (IN_LC(LC_CTYPE)) {
1733 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
1734 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
1740 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
1745 Perl__warn_problematic_locale()
1748 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
1752 /* Internal-to-core function that outputs the message in PL_warn_locale,
1753 * and then NULLS it. Should be called only through the macro
1754 * _CHECK_AND_WARN_PROBLEMATIC_LOCALE */
1756 if (PL_warn_locale) {
1757 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE),
1758 SvPVX(PL_warn_locale),
1759 0 /* dummy to avoid compiler warning */ );
1760 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
1761 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
1769 S_new_collate(pTHX_ const char *newcoll)
1772 #ifndef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
1774 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newcoll);
1775 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1779 /* Called after each libc setlocale() call affecting LC_COLLATE, to tell
1780 * core Perl this and that 'newcoll' is the name of the new locale.
1782 * The design of locale collation is that every locale change is given an
1783 * index 'PL_collation_ix'. The first time a string particpates in an
1784 * operation that requires collation while locale collation is active, it
1785 * is given PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic (via sv_collxfrm_flags()). That
1786 * magic includes the collation index, and the transformation of the string
1787 * by strxfrm(), q.v. That transformation is used when doing comparisons,
1788 * instead of the string itself. If a string changes, the magic is
1789 * cleared. The next time the locale changes, the index is incremented,
1790 * and so we know during a comparison that the transformation is not
1791 * necessarily still valid, and so is recomputed. Note that if the locale
1792 * changes enough times, the index could wrap (a U32), and it is possible
1793 * that a transformation would improperly be considered valid, leading to
1794 * an unlikely bug */
1797 if (PL_collation_name) {
1799 Safefree(PL_collation_name);
1800 PL_collation_name = NULL;
1802 PL_collation_standard = TRUE;
1803 is_standard_collation:
1804 PL_collxfrm_base = 0;
1805 PL_collxfrm_mult = 2;
1806 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale = FALSE;
1807 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = '\0';
1808 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = 0;
1812 /* If this is not the same locale as currently, set the new one up */
1813 if (! PL_collation_name || strNE(PL_collation_name, newcoll)) {
1815 Safefree(PL_collation_name);
1816 PL_collation_name = stdize_locale(savepv(newcoll));
1817 PL_collation_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(newcoll);
1818 if (PL_collation_standard) {
1819 goto is_standard_collation;
1822 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_COLLATE);
1823 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = '\0';
1824 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = 0;
1826 /* A locale collation definition includes primary, secondary, tertiary,
1827 * etc. weights for each character. To sort, the primary weights are
1828 * used, and only if they compare equal, then the secondary weights are
1829 * used, and only if they compare equal, then the tertiary, etc.
1831 * strxfrm() works by taking the input string, say ABC, and creating an
1832 * output transformed string consisting of first the primary weights,
1833 * A¹B¹C¹ followed by the secondary ones, A²B²C²; and then the
1834 * tertiary, etc, yielding A¹B¹C¹ A²B²C² A³B³C³ .... Some characters
1835 * may not have weights at every level. In our example, let's say B
1836 * doesn't have a tertiary weight, and A doesn't have a secondary
1837 * weight. The constructed string is then going to be
1838 * A¹B¹C¹ B²C² A³C³ ....
1839 * This has the desired effect that strcmp() will look at the secondary
1840 * or tertiary weights only if the strings compare equal at all higher
1841 * priority weights. The spaces shown here, like in
1843 * are not just for readability. In the general case, these must
1844 * actually be bytes, which we will call here 'separator weights'; and
1845 * they must be smaller than any other weight value, but since these
1846 * are C strings, only the terminating one can be a NUL (some
1847 * implementations may include a non-NUL separator weight just before
1848 * the NUL). Implementations tend to reserve 01 for the separator
1849 * weights. They are needed so that a shorter string's secondary
1850 * weights won't be misconstrued as primary weights of a longer string,
1851 * etc. By making them smaller than any other weight, the shorter
1852 * string will sort first. (Actually, if all secondary weights are
1853 * smaller than all primary ones, there is no need for a separator
1854 * weight between those two levels, etc.)
1856 * The length of the transformed string is roughly a linear function of
1857 * the input string. It's not exactly linear because some characters
1858 * don't have weights at all levels. When we call strxfrm() we have to
1859 * allocate some memory to hold the transformed string. The
1860 * calculations below try to find coefficients 'm' and 'b' for this
1861 * locale so that m*x + b equals how much space we need, given the size
1862 * of the input string in 'x'. If we calculate too small, we increase
1863 * the size as needed, and call strxfrm() again, but it is better to
1864 * get it right the first time to avoid wasted expensive string
1865 * transformations. */
1868 /* We use the string below to find how long the tranformation of it
1869 * is. Almost all locales are supersets of ASCII, or at least the
1870 * ASCII letters. We use all of them, half upper half lower,
1871 * because if we used fewer, we might hit just the ones that are
1872 * outliers in a particular locale. Most of the strings being
1873 * collated will contain a preponderance of letters, and even if
1874 * they are above-ASCII, they are likely to have the same number of
1875 * weight levels as the ASCII ones. It turns out that digits tend
1876 * to have fewer levels, and some punctuation has more, but those
1877 * are relatively sparse in text, and khw believes this gives a
1878 * reasonable result, but it could be changed if experience so
1880 const char longer[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyz";
1881 char * x_longer; /* Transformed 'longer' */
1882 Size_t x_len_longer; /* Length of 'x_longer' */
1884 char * x_shorter; /* We also transform a substring of 'longer' */
1885 Size_t x_len_shorter;
1887 /* _mem_collxfrm() is used get the transformation (though here we
1888 * are interested only in its length). It is used because it has
1889 * the intelligence to handle all cases, but to work, it needs some
1890 * values of 'm' and 'b' to get it started. For the purposes of
1891 * this calculation we use a very conservative estimate of 'm' and
1892 * 'b'. This assumes a weight can be multiple bytes, enough to
1893 * hold any UV on the platform, and there are 5 levels, 4 weight
1894 * bytes, and a trailing NUL. */
1895 PL_collxfrm_base = 5;
1896 PL_collxfrm_mult = 5 * sizeof(UV);
1898 /* Find out how long the transformation really is */
1899 x_longer = _mem_collxfrm(longer,
1903 /* We avoid converting to UTF-8 in the
1904 * called function by telling it the
1905 * string is in UTF-8 if the locale is a
1906 * UTF-8 one. Since the string passed
1907 * here is invariant under UTF-8, we can
1908 * claim it's UTF-8 even though it isn't.
1910 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale);
1913 /* Find out how long the transformation of a substring of 'longer'
1914 * is. Together the lengths of these transformations are
1915 * sufficient to calculate 'm' and 'b'. The substring is all of
1916 * 'longer' except the first character. This minimizes the chances
1917 * of being swayed by outliers */
1918 x_shorter = _mem_collxfrm(longer + 1,
1921 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale);
1922 Safefree(x_shorter);
1924 /* If the results are nonsensical for this simple test, the whole
1925 * locale definition is suspect. Mark it so that locale collation
1926 * is not active at all for it. XXX Should we warn? */
1927 if ( x_len_shorter == 0
1928 || x_len_longer == 0
1929 || x_len_shorter >= x_len_longer)
1931 PL_collxfrm_mult = 0;
1932 PL_collxfrm_base = 0;
1935 SSize_t base; /* Temporary */
1937 /* We have both: m * strlen(longer) + b = x_len_longer
1938 * m * strlen(shorter) + b = x_len_shorter;
1939 * subtracting yields:
1940 * m * (strlen(longer) - strlen(shorter))
1941 * = x_len_longer - x_len_shorter
1942 * But we have set things up so that 'shorter' is 1 byte smaller
1943 * than 'longer'. Hence:
1944 * m = x_len_longer - x_len_shorter
1946 * But if something went wrong, make sure the multiplier is at
1949 if (x_len_longer > x_len_shorter) {
1950 PL_collxfrm_mult = (STRLEN) x_len_longer - x_len_shorter;
1953 PL_collxfrm_mult = 1;
1958 * but in case something has gone wrong, make sure it is
1960 base = x_len_longer - PL_collxfrm_mult * (sizeof(longer) - 1);
1965 /* Add 1 for the trailing NUL */
1966 PL_collxfrm_base = base + 1;
1971 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
1972 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1973 "%s:%d: ?UTF-8 locale=%d; x_len_shorter=%zu, "
1975 " collate multipler=%zu, collate base=%zu\n",
1977 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale,
1978 x_len_shorter, x_len_longer,
1979 PL_collxfrm_mult, PL_collxfrm_base);
1986 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
1994 #define USE_WSETLOCALE
1996 #ifdef USE_WSETLOCALE
1999 S_wrap_wsetlocale(pTHX_ int category, const char *locale) {
2006 MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, locale, -1, NULL, 0);
2013 Newx(wlocale, req_size, wchar_t);
2014 if (!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, locale, -1, wlocale, req_size)) {
2023 wresult = _wsetlocale(category, wlocale);
2027 WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wresult, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
2028 Newx(result, req_size, char);
2029 SAVEFREEPV(result); /* is there something better we can do here? */
2030 if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wresult, -1,
2031 result, req_size, NULL, NULL)) {
2046 S_win32_setlocale(pTHX_ int category, const char* locale)
2048 /* This, for Windows, emulates POSIX setlocale() behavior. There is no
2049 * difference between the two unless the input locale is "", which normally
2050 * means on Windows to get the machine default, which is set via the
2051 * computer's "Regional and Language Options" (or its current equivalent).
2052 * In POSIX, it instead means to find the locale from the user's
2053 * environment. This routine changes the Windows behavior to first look in
2054 * the environment, and, if anything is found, use that instead of going to
2055 * the machine default. If there is no environment override, the machine
2056 * default is used, by calling the real setlocale() with "".
2058 * The POSIX behavior is to use the LC_ALL variable if set; otherwise to
2059 * use the particular category's variable if set; otherwise to use the LANG
2062 bool override_LC_ALL = FALSE;
2066 if (locale && strEQ(locale, "")) {
2070 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL");
2072 if (category == LC_ALL) {
2073 override_LC_ALL = TRUE;
2079 for (i = 0; i < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
2080 if (category == categories[i]) {
2081 locale = PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[i]);
2086 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LANG");
2102 #ifdef USE_WSETLOCALE
2103 result = S_wrap_wsetlocale(aTHX_ category, locale);
2105 result = setlocale(category, locale);
2107 DEBUG_L(STMT_START {
2109 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
2110 setlocale_debug_string(category, locale, result));
2114 if (! override_LC_ALL) {
2118 /* Here the input category was LC_ALL, and we have set it to what is in the
2119 * LANG variable or the system default if there is no LANG. But these have
2120 * lower priority than the other LC_foo variables, so override it for each
2121 * one that is set. (If they are set to "", it means to use the same thing
2122 * we just set LC_ALL to, so can skip) */
2124 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
2125 result = PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[i]);
2126 if (result && strNE(result, "")) {
2127 #ifdef USE_WSETLOCALE
2128 S_wrap_wsetlocale(aTHX_ categories[i], result);
2130 setlocale(categories[i], result);
2132 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
2134 setlocale_debug_string(categories[i], result, "not captured")));
2138 result = setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL);
2139 DEBUG_L(STMT_START {
2141 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
2143 setlocale_debug_string(LC_ALL, NULL, result));
2153 =for apidoc Perl_setlocale
2155 This is an (almost) drop-in replacement for the system L<C<setlocale(3)>>,
2156 taking the same parameters, and returning the same information, except that it
2157 returns the correct underlying C<LC_NUMERIC> locale. Regular C<setlocale> will
2158 instead return C<C> if the underlying locale has a non-dot decimal point
2159 character, or a non-empty thousands separator for displaying floating point
2160 numbers. This is because perl keeps that locale category such that it has a
2161 dot and empty separator, changing the locale briefly during the operations
2162 where the underlying one is required. C<Perl_setlocale> knows about this, and
2163 compensates; regular C<setlocale> doesn't.
2165 Another reason it isn't completely a drop-in replacement is that it is
2166 declared to return S<C<const char *>>, whereas the system setlocale omits the
2167 C<const> (presumably because its API was specified long ago, and can't be
2168 updated; it is illegal to change the information C<setlocale> returns; doing
2169 so leads to segfaults.)
2171 Finally, C<Perl_setlocale> works under all circumstances, whereas plain
2172 C<setlocale> can be completely ineffective on some platforms under some
2175 C<Perl_setlocale> should not be used to change the locale except on systems
2176 where the predefined variable C<${^SAFE_LOCALES}> is 1. On some such systems,
2177 the system C<setlocale()> is ineffective, returning the wrong information, and
2178 failing to actually change the locale. C<Perl_setlocale>, however works
2179 properly in all circumstances.
2181 The return points to a per-thread static buffer, which is overwritten the next
2182 time C<Perl_setlocale> is called from the same thread.
2189 Perl_setlocale(const int category, const char * locale)
2191 /* This wraps POSIX::setlocale() */
2195 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(category);
2196 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(locale);
2202 const char * retval;
2203 const char * newlocale;
2206 DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION;
2208 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2210 /* A NULL locale means only query what the current one is. We have the
2211 * LC_NUMERIC name saved, because we are normally switched into the C
2212 * (or equivalent) locale for it. For an LC_ALL query, switch back to get
2213 * the correct results. All other categories don't require special
2215 if (locale == NULL) {
2216 if (category == LC_NUMERIC) {
2218 /* We don't have to copy this return value, as it is a per-thread
2219 * variable, and won't change until a future setlocale */
2220 return PL_numeric_name;
2225 else if (category == LC_ALL) {
2226 STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING();
2235 retval = save_to_buffer(do_setlocale_r(category, locale),
2236 &PL_setlocale_buf, &PL_setlocale_bufsize, 0);
2239 #if defined(USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC) && defined(LC_ALL)
2241 if (locale == NULL && category == LC_ALL) {
2242 RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC();
2247 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2248 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
2249 setlocale_debug_string(category, locale, retval)));
2257 /* If locale == NULL, we are just querying the state */
2258 if (locale == NULL) {
2262 /* Now that have switched locales, we have to update our records to
2267 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
2274 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2277 new_collate(retval);
2281 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2284 new_numeric(retval);
2292 /* LC_ALL updates all the things we care about. The values may not
2293 * be the same as 'retval', as the locale "" may have set things
2296 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
2298 newlocale = savepv(do_setlocale_c(LC_CTYPE, NULL));
2299 new_ctype(newlocale);
2300 Safefree(newlocale);
2302 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
2303 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2305 newlocale = savepv(do_setlocale_c(LC_COLLATE, NULL));
2306 new_collate(newlocale);
2307 Safefree(newlocale);
2310 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2312 newlocale = savepv(do_setlocale_c(LC_NUMERIC, NULL));
2313 new_numeric(newlocale);
2314 Safefree(newlocale);
2316 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
2329 PERL_STATIC_INLINE const char *
2330 S_save_to_buffer(const char * string, char **buf, Size_t *buf_size, const Size_t offset)
2332 /* Copy the NUL-terminated 'string' to 'buf' + 'offset'. 'buf' has size 'buf_size',
2333 * growing it if necessary */
2337 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVE_TO_BUFFER;
2343 string_size = strlen(string) + offset + 1;
2345 if (*buf_size == 0) {
2346 Newx(*buf, string_size, char);
2347 *buf_size = string_size;
2349 else if (string_size > *buf_size) {
2350 Renew(*buf, string_size, char);
2351 *buf_size = string_size;
2354 Copy(string, *buf + offset, string_size - offset, char);
2360 =for apidoc Perl_langinfo
2362 This is an (almost) drop-in replacement for the system C<L<nl_langinfo(3)>>,
2363 taking the same C<item> parameter values, and returning the same information.
2364 But it is more thread-safe than regular C<nl_langinfo()>, and hides the quirks
2365 of Perl's locale handling from your code, and can be used on systems that lack
2366 a native C<nl_langinfo>.
2374 The reason it isn't quite a drop-in replacement is actually an advantage. The
2375 only difference is that it returns S<C<const char *>>, whereas plain
2376 C<nl_langinfo()> returns S<C<char *>>, but you are (only by documentation)
2377 forbidden to write into the buffer. By declaring this C<const>, the compiler
2378 enforces this restriction, so if it is violated, you know at compilation time,
2379 rather than getting segfaults at runtime.
2383 It delivers the correct results for the C<RADIXCHAR> and C<THOUSEP> items,
2384 without you having to write extra code. The reason for the extra code would be
2385 because these are from the C<LC_NUMERIC> locale category, which is normally
2386 kept set by Perl so that the radix is a dot, and the separator is the empty
2387 string, no matter what the underlying locale is supposed to be, and so to get
2388 the expected results, you have to temporarily toggle into the underlying
2389 locale, and later toggle back. (You could use plain C<nl_langinfo> and
2390 C<L</STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING>> for this but then you wouldn't get
2391 the other advantages of C<Perl_langinfo()>; not keeping C<LC_NUMERIC> in the C
2392 (or equivalent) locale would break a lot of CPAN, which is expecting the radix
2393 (decimal point) character to be a dot.)
2397 The system function it replaces can have its static return buffer trashed,
2398 not only by a subsequent call to that function, but by a C<freelocale>,
2399 C<setlocale>, or other locale change. The returned buffer of this function is
2400 not changed until the next call to it, so the buffer is never in a trashed
2405 Its return buffer is per-thread, so it also is never overwritten by a call to
2406 this function from another thread; unlike the function it replaces.
2410 But most importantly, it works on systems that don't have C<nl_langinfo>, such
2411 as Windows, hence makes your code more portable. Of the fifty-some possible
2412 items specified by the POSIX 2008 standard,
2413 L<http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/langinfo.h.html>,
2414 only one is completely unimplemented, though on non-Windows platforms, another
2415 significant one is also not implemented). It uses various techniques to
2416 recover the other items, including calling C<L<localeconv(3)>>, and
2417 C<L<strftime(3)>>, both of which are specified in C89, so should be always be
2418 available. Later C<strftime()> versions have additional capabilities; C<""> is
2419 returned for those not available on your system.
2421 It is important to note that when called with an item that is recovered by
2422 using C<localeconv>, the buffer from any previous explicit call to
2423 C<localeconv> will be overwritten. This means you must save that buffer's
2424 contents if you need to access them after a call to this function. (But note
2425 that you might not want to be using C<localeconv()> directly anyway, because of
2426 issues like the ones listed in the second item of this list (above) for
2427 C<RADIXCHAR> and C<THOUSEP>. You can use the methods given in L<perlcall> to
2428 call L<POSIX/localeconv> and avoid all the issues, but then you have a hash to
2431 The details for those items which may deviate from what this emulation returns
2432 and what a native C<nl_langinfo()> would return are specified in
2437 When using C<Perl_langinfo> on systems that don't have a native
2438 C<nl_langinfo()>, you must
2440 #include "perl_langinfo.h"
2442 before the C<perl.h> C<#include>. You can replace your C<langinfo.h>
2443 C<#include> with this one. (Doing it this way keeps out the symbols that plain
2444 C<langinfo.h> would try to import into the namespace for code that doesn't need
2447 The original impetus for C<Perl_langinfo()> was so that code that needs to
2448 find out the current currency symbol, floating point radix character, or digit
2449 grouping separator can use, on all systems, the simpler and more
2450 thread-friendly C<nl_langinfo> API instead of C<L<localeconv(3)>> which is a
2451 pain to make thread-friendly. For other fields returned by C<localeconv>, it
2452 is better to use the methods given in L<perlcall> to call
2453 L<C<POSIX::localeconv()>|POSIX/localeconv>, which is thread-friendly.
2460 #ifdef HAS_NL_LANGINFO
2461 Perl_langinfo(const nl_item item)
2463 Perl_langinfo(const int item)
2466 return my_nl_langinfo(item, TRUE);
2470 #ifdef HAS_NL_LANGINFO
2471 S_my_nl_langinfo(const nl_item item, bool toggle)
2473 S_my_nl_langinfo(const int item, bool toggle)
2477 const char * retval;
2479 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2481 /* We only need to toggle into the underlying LC_NUMERIC locale for these
2482 * two items, and only if not already there */
2483 if (toggle && (( item != RADIXCHAR && item != THOUSEP)
2484 || PL_numeric_underlying))
2486 #endif /* No toggling needed if not using LC_NUMERIC */
2490 #if defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO) /* nl_langinfo() is available. */
2491 # if ! defined(HAS_THREAD_SAFE_NL_LANGINFO_L) \
2492 || ! defined(HAS_POSIX_2008_LOCALE)
2494 /* Here, use plain nl_langinfo(), switching to the underlying LC_NUMERIC
2495 * for those items dependent on it. This must be copied to a buffer before
2496 * switching back, as some systems destroy the buffer when setlocale() is
2500 DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION;
2503 STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING();
2506 /* Prevent interference from another thread executing this code
2510 /* Copy to a per-thread buffer, which is also one that won't be
2511 * destroyed by a subsequent setlocale(), such as the
2512 * RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC may do just below. */
2513 retval = save_to_buffer(nl_langinfo(item),
2514 &PL_langinfo_buf, &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
2518 RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC();
2522 # else /* Use nl_langinfo_l(), avoiding both a mutex and changing the locale */
2525 bool do_free = FALSE;
2526 locale_t cur = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
2528 if (cur == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE) {
2529 cur = duplocale(LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE);
2533 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2536 if (PL_underlying_numeric_obj) {
2537 cur = PL_underlying_numeric_obj;
2540 cur = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, PL_numeric_name, cur);
2547 /* We have to save it to a buffer, because the freelocale() just below
2548 * can invalidate the internal one */
2549 retval = save_to_buffer(nl_langinfo_l(item, cur),
2550 &PL_langinfo_buf, &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
2559 if (strEQ(retval, "")) {
2560 if (item == YESSTR) {
2563 if (item == NOSTR) {
2570 #else /* Below, emulate nl_langinfo as best we can */
2574 # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
2576 const struct lconv* lc;
2578 DECLARATION_FOR_LC_NUMERIC_MANIPULATION;
2580 # ifdef TS_W32_BROKEN_LOCALECONV
2582 const char * save_global;
2583 const char * save_thread;
2591 # ifdef HAS_STRFTIME
2594 bool return_format = FALSE; /* Return the %format, not the value */
2595 const char * format;
2599 /* We copy the results to a per-thread buffer, even if not
2600 * multi-threaded. This is in part to simplify this code, and partly
2601 * because we need a buffer anyway for strftime(), and partly because a
2602 * call of localeconv() could otherwise wipe out the buffer, and the
2603 * programmer would not be expecting this, as this is a nl_langinfo()
2604 * substitute after all, so s/he might be thinking their localeconv()
2605 * is safe until another localeconv() call. */
2610 /* This is unimplemented */
2611 case ERA: /* For use with strftime() %E modifier */
2616 /* We use only an English set, since we don't know any more */
2617 case YESEXPR: return "^[+1yY]";
2618 case YESSTR: return "yes";
2619 case NOEXPR: return "^[-0nN]";
2620 case NOSTR: return "no";
2626 /* On non-windows, this is unimplemented, in part because of
2627 * inconsistencies between vendors. The Darwin native
2628 * nl_langinfo() implementation simply looks at everything past
2629 * any dot in the name, but that doesn't work for other
2630 * vendors. Many Linux locales that don't have UTF-8 in their
2631 * names really are UTF-8, for example; z/OS locales that do
2632 * have UTF-8 in their names, aren't really UTF-8 */
2637 { /* But on Windows, the name does seem to be consistent, so
2642 const char * name = my_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
2644 if (isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(name)) {
2645 return "ANSI_X3.4-1968";
2648 /* Find the dot in the locale name */
2649 first = (const char *) strchr(name, '.');
2655 /* Look at everything past the dot */
2660 if (! isDIGIT(*p)) {
2667 /* Here everything past the dot is a digit. Treat it as a
2669 retval = save_to_buffer("CP", &PL_langinfo_buf,
2670 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
2671 offset = STRLENs("CP");
2675 retval = save_to_buffer(first, &PL_langinfo_buf,
2676 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, offset);
2682 # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
2686 /* We don't bother with localeconv_l() because any system that
2687 * has it is likely to also have nl_langinfo() */
2689 LOCALECONV_LOCK; /* Prevent interference with other threads
2690 using localeconv() */
2692 # ifdef TS_W32_BROKEN_LOCALECONV
2694 /* This is a workaround for a Windows bug prior to VS 15.
2695 * What we do here is, while locked, switch to the global
2696 * locale so localeconv() works; then switch back just before
2697 * the unlock. This can screw things up if some thread is
2698 * already using the global locale while assuming no other is.
2699 * A different workaround would be to call GetCurrencyFormat on
2700 * a known value, and parse it; patches welcome
2702 * We have to use LC_ALL instead of LC_MONETARY because of
2703 * another bug in Windows */
2705 save_thread = savepv(my_setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL));
2706 _configthreadlocale(_DISABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
2707 save_global= savepv(my_setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL));
2708 my_setlocale(LC_ALL, save_thread);
2714 || ! lc->currency_symbol
2715 || strEQ("", lc->currency_symbol))
2721 /* Leave the first spot empty to be filled in below */
2722 retval = save_to_buffer(lc->currency_symbol, &PL_langinfo_buf,
2723 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 1);
2724 if (lc->mon_decimal_point && strEQ(lc->mon_decimal_point, ""))
2725 { /* khw couldn't figure out how the localedef specifications
2726 would show that the $ should replace the radix; this is
2727 just a guess as to how it might work.*/
2728 PL_langinfo_buf[0] = '.';
2730 else if (lc->p_cs_precedes) {
2731 PL_langinfo_buf[0] = '-';
2734 PL_langinfo_buf[0] = '+';
2737 # ifdef TS_W32_BROKEN_LOCALECONV
2739 my_setlocale(LC_ALL, save_global);
2740 _configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
2741 my_setlocale(LC_ALL, save_thread);
2742 Safefree(save_global);
2743 Safefree(save_thread);
2750 # ifdef TS_W32_BROKEN_LOCALECONV
2754 /* For this, we output a known simple floating point number to
2755 * a buffer, and parse it, looking for the radix */
2758 STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING();
2761 if (PL_langinfo_bufsize < 10) {
2762 PL_langinfo_bufsize = 10;
2763 Renew(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize, char);
2766 needed_size = my_snprintf(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize,
2768 if (needed_size >= (int) PL_langinfo_bufsize) {
2769 PL_langinfo_bufsize = needed_size + 1;
2770 Renew(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize, char);
2771 needed_size = my_snprintf(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize,
2773 assert(needed_size < (int) PL_langinfo_bufsize);
2776 ptr = PL_langinfo_buf;
2777 e = PL_langinfo_buf + PL_langinfo_bufsize;
2780 while (ptr < e && *ptr != '1') {
2787 while (ptr < e && *ptr != '5') {
2791 /* Everything in between is the radix string */
2793 PL_langinfo_buf[0] = '?';
2794 PL_langinfo_buf[1] = '\0';
2798 Move(item_start, PL_langinfo_buf, ptr - PL_langinfo_buf, char);
2802 RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC();
2805 retval = PL_langinfo_buf;
2810 case RADIXCHAR: /* No special handling needed */
2817 STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING();
2820 LOCALECONV_LOCK; /* Prevent interference with other threads
2821 using localeconv() */
2823 # ifdef TS_W32_BROKEN_LOCALECONV
2825 /* This should only be for the thousands separator. A
2826 * different work around would be to use GetNumberFormat on a
2827 * known value and parse the result to find the separator */
2828 save_thread = savepv(my_setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL));
2829 _configthreadlocale(_DISABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
2830 save_global = savepv(my_setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL));
2831 my_setlocale(LC_ALL, save_thread);
2833 /* This is the start of code that for broken Windows replaces
2834 * the above and below code, and instead calls
2835 * GetNumberFormat() and then would parse that to find the
2836 * thousands separator. It needs to handle UTF-16 vs -8
2839 needed_size = GetNumberFormatEx(PL_numeric_name, 0, "1234.5", NULL, PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize);
2840 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2841 "%s: %d: return from GetNumber, count=%d, val=%s\n",
2842 __FILE__, __LINE__, needed_size, PL_langinfo_buf));
2852 temp = (item == RADIXCHAR)
2854 : lc->thousands_sep;
2860 retval = save_to_buffer(temp, &PL_langinfo_buf,
2861 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
2863 # ifdef TS_W32_BROKEN_LOCALECONV
2865 my_setlocale(LC_ALL, save_global);
2866 _configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
2867 my_setlocale(LC_ALL, save_thread);
2868 Safefree(save_global);
2869 Safefree(save_thread);
2876 RESTORE_LC_NUMERIC();
2882 # ifdef HAS_STRFTIME
2884 /* These are defined by C89, so we assume that strftime supports
2885 * them, and so are returned unconditionally; they may not be what
2886 * the locale actually says, but should give good enough results
2887 * for someone using them as formats (as opposed to trying to parse
2888 * them to figure out what the locale says). The other format
2889 * items are actually tested to verify they work on the platform */
2890 case D_FMT: return "%x";
2891 case T_FMT: return "%X";
2892 case D_T_FMT: return "%c";
2894 /* These formats are only available in later strfmtime's */
2895 case ERA_D_FMT: case ERA_T_FMT: case ERA_D_T_FMT: case T_FMT_AMPM:
2897 /* The rest can be gotten from most versions of strftime(). */
2898 case ABDAY_1: case ABDAY_2: case ABDAY_3:
2899 case ABDAY_4: case ABDAY_5: case ABDAY_6: case ABDAY_7:
2901 case AM_STR: case PM_STR:
2902 case ABMON_1: case ABMON_2: case ABMON_3: case ABMON_4:
2903 case ABMON_5: case ABMON_6: case ABMON_7: case ABMON_8:
2904 case ABMON_9: case ABMON_10: case ABMON_11: case ABMON_12:
2905 case DAY_1: case DAY_2: case DAY_3: case DAY_4:
2906 case DAY_5: case DAY_6: case DAY_7:
2907 case MON_1: case MON_2: case MON_3: case MON_4:
2908 case MON_5: case MON_6: case MON_7: case MON_8:
2909 case MON_9: case MON_10: case MON_11: case MON_12:
2911 init_tm(&tm); /* Precaution against core dumps */
2915 tm.tm_year = 2017 - 1900;
2919 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE_STMT(-Wimplicit-fallthrough);
2924 "panic: %s: %d: switch case: %d problem",
2925 __FILE__, __LINE__, item);
2926 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
2928 case PM_STR: tm.tm_hour = 18;
2933 case ABDAY_7: tm.tm_wday++;
2934 case ABDAY_6: tm.tm_wday++;
2935 case ABDAY_5: tm.tm_wday++;
2936 case ABDAY_4: tm.tm_wday++;
2937 case ABDAY_3: tm.tm_wday++;
2938 case ABDAY_2: tm.tm_wday++;
2943 case DAY_7: tm.tm_wday++;
2944 case DAY_6: tm.tm_wday++;
2945 case DAY_5: tm.tm_wday++;
2946 case DAY_4: tm.tm_wday++;
2947 case DAY_3: tm.tm_wday++;
2948 case DAY_2: tm.tm_wday++;
2953 case ABMON_12: tm.tm_mon++;
2954 case ABMON_11: tm.tm_mon++;
2955 case ABMON_10: tm.tm_mon++;
2956 case ABMON_9: tm.tm_mon++;
2957 case ABMON_8: tm.tm_mon++;
2958 case ABMON_7: tm.tm_mon++;
2959 case ABMON_6: tm.tm_mon++;
2960 case ABMON_5: tm.tm_mon++;
2961 case ABMON_4: tm.tm_mon++;
2962 case ABMON_3: tm.tm_mon++;
2963 case ABMON_2: tm.tm_mon++;
2968 case MON_12: tm.tm_mon++;
2969 case MON_11: tm.tm_mon++;
2970 case MON_10: tm.tm_mon++;
2971 case MON_9: tm.tm_mon++;
2972 case MON_8: tm.tm_mon++;
2973 case MON_7: tm.tm_mon++;
2974 case MON_6: tm.tm_mon++;
2975 case MON_5: tm.tm_mon++;
2976 case MON_4: tm.tm_mon++;
2977 case MON_3: tm.tm_mon++;
2978 case MON_2: tm.tm_mon++;
2985 return_format = TRUE;
2990 return_format = TRUE;
2995 return_format = TRUE;
3000 return_format = TRUE;
3005 format = "%Ow"; /* Find the alternate digit for 0 */
3009 GCC_DIAG_RESTORE_STMT;
3011 /* We can't use my_strftime() because it doesn't look at
3013 while (0 == strftime(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize,
3016 /* A zero return means one of:
3017 * a) there wasn't enough space in PL_langinfo_buf
3018 * b) the format, like a plain %p, returns empty
3019 * c) it was an illegal format, though some
3020 * implementations of strftime will just return the
3021 * illegal format as a plain character sequence.
3023 * To quickly test for case 'b)', try again but precede
3024 * the format with a plain character. If that result is
3025 * still empty, the problem is either 'a)' or 'c)' */
3027 Size_t format_size = strlen(format) + 1;
3028 Size_t mod_size = format_size + 1;
3032 Newx(mod_format, mod_size, char);
3033 Newx(temp_result, PL_langinfo_bufsize, char);
3035 my_strlcpy(mod_format + 1, format, mod_size);
3036 len = strftime(temp_result,
3037 PL_langinfo_bufsize,
3039 Safefree(mod_format);
3040 Safefree(temp_result);
3042 /* If 'len' is non-zero, it means that we had a case like
3043 * %p which means the current locale doesn't use a.m. or
3044 * p.m., and that is valid */
3047 /* Here, still didn't work. If we get well beyond a
3048 * reasonable size, bail out to prevent an infinite
3051 if (PL_langinfo_bufsize > 100 * format_size) {
3052 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
3055 /* Double the buffer size to retry; Add 1 in case
3056 * original was 0, so we aren't stuck at 0. */
3057 PL_langinfo_bufsize *= 2;
3058 PL_langinfo_bufsize++;
3059 Renew(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize, char);
3067 /* Here, we got a result.
3069 * If the item is 'ALT_DIGITS', PL_langinfo_buf contains the
3070 * alternate format for wday 0. If the value is the same as
3071 * the normal 0, there isn't an alternate, so clear the buffer.
3073 if ( item == ALT_DIGITS
3074 && strEQ(PL_langinfo_buf, "0"))
3076 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
3079 /* ALT_DIGITS is problematic. Experiments on it showed that
3080 * strftime() did not always work properly when going from
3081 * alt-9 to alt-10. Only a few locales have this item defined,
3082 * and in all of them on Linux that khw was able to find,
3083 * nl_langinfo() merely returned the alt-0 character, possibly
3084 * doubled. Most Unicode digits are in blocks of 10
3085 * consecutive code points, so that is sufficient information
3086 * for those scripts, as we can infer alt-1, alt-2, .... But
3087 * for a Japanese locale, a CJK ideographic 0 is returned, and
3088 * the CJK digits are not in code point order, so you can't
3089 * really infer anything. The localedef for this locale did
3090 * specify the succeeding digits, so that strftime() works
3091 * properly on them, without needing to infer anything. But
3092 * the nl_langinfo() return did not give sufficient information
3093 * for the caller to understand what's going on. So until
3094 * there is evidence that it should work differently, this
3095 * returns the alt-0 string for ALT_DIGITS.
3097 * wday was chosen because its range is all a single digit.
3098 * Things like tm_sec have two digits as the minimum: '00' */
3100 retval = PL_langinfo_buf;
3102 /* If to return the format, not the value, overwrite the buffer
3103 * with it. But some strftime()s will keep the original format
3104 * if illegal, so change those to "" */
3105 if (return_format) {
3106 if (strEQ(PL_langinfo_buf, format)) {
3107 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
3110 retval = save_to_buffer(format, &PL_langinfo_buf,
3111 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
3129 * Initialize locale awareness.
3132 Perl_init_i18nl10n(pTHX_ int printwarn)
3136 * 0 if not to output warning when setup locale is bad
3137 * 1 if to output warning based on value of PERL_BADLANG
3138 * >1 if to output regardless of PERL_BADLANG
3141 * 1 = set ok or not applicable,
3142 * 0 = fallback to a locale of lower priority
3143 * -1 = fallback to all locales failed, not even to the C locale
3145 * Under -DDEBUGGING, if the environment variable PERL_DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT is
3146 * set, debugging information is output.
3148 * This looks more complicated than it is, mainly due to the #ifdefs.
3150 * We try to set LC_ALL to the value determined by the environment. If
3151 * there is no LC_ALL on this platform, we try the individual categories we
3152 * know about. If this works, we are done.
3154 * But if it doesn't work, we have to do something else. We search the
3155 * environment variables ourselves instead of relying on the system to do
3156 * it. We look at, in order, LC_ALL, LANG, a system default locale (if we
3157 * think there is one), and the ultimate fallback "C". This is all done in
3158 * the same loop as above to avoid duplicating code, but it makes things
3159 * more complex. The 'trial_locales' array is initialized with just one
3160 * element; it causes the behavior described in the paragraph above this to
3161 * happen. If that fails, we add elements to 'trial_locales', and do extra
3162 * loop iterations to cause the behavior described in this paragraph.
3164 * On Ultrix, the locale MUST come from the environment, so there is
3165 * preliminary code to set it. I (khw) am not sure that it is necessary,
3166 * and that this couldn't be folded into the loop, but barring any real
3167 * platforms to test on, it's staying as-is
3169 * A slight complication is that in embedded Perls, the locale may already
3170 * be set-up, and we don't want to get it from the normal environment
3171 * variables. This is handled by having a special environment variable
3172 * indicate we're in this situation. We simply set setlocale's 2nd
3173 * parameter to be a NULL instead of "". That indicates to setlocale that
3174 * it is not to change anything, but to return the current value,
3175 * effectively initializing perl's db to what the locale already is.
3177 * We play the same trick with NULL if a LC_ALL succeeds. We call
3178 * setlocale() on the individual categores with NULL to get their existing
3179 * values for our db, instead of trying to change them.
3187 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(printwarn);
3189 #else /* USE_LOCALE */
3192 const char * const language = PerlEnv_getenv("LANGUAGE");
3196 /* NULL uses the existing already set up locale */
3197 const char * const setlocale_init = (PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT"))
3200 const char* trial_locales[5]; /* 5 = 1 each for "", LC_ALL, LANG, "", C */
3201 unsigned int trial_locales_count;
3202 const char * const lc_all = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL");
3203 const char * const lang = PerlEnv_getenv("LANG");
3204 bool setlocale_failure = FALSE;
3207 /* A later getenv() could zap this, so only use here */
3208 const char * const bad_lang_use_once = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADLANG");
3210 const bool locwarn = (printwarn > 1
3212 && ( ! bad_lang_use_once
3214 /* disallow with "" or "0" */
3216 && strNE("0", bad_lang_use_once)))));
3218 /* setlocale() return vals; not copied so must be looked at immediately */
3219 const char * sl_result[NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX + 1];
3221 /* current locale for given category; should have been copied so aren't
3223 const char * curlocales[NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX + 1];
3227 /* In some systems you can find out the system default locale
3228 * and use that as the fallback locale. */
3229 # define SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
3231 # ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
3233 const char *system_default_locale = NULL;
3238 # define DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(a,b,c)
3241 DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(cBOOL(PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT")));
3243 # define DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(category, locale, result) \
3245 if (debug_initialization) { \
3246 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, \
3248 __FILE__, __LINE__, \
3249 setlocale_debug_string(category, \
3255 /* Make sure the parallel arrays are properly set up */
3256 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
3257 assert(categories[LC_NUMERIC_INDEX] == LC_NUMERIC);
3258 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_NUMERIC_INDEX], "LC_NUMERIC"));
3259 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3260 assert(category_masks[LC_NUMERIC_INDEX] == LC_NUMERIC_MASK);
3263 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3264 assert(categories[LC_CTYPE_INDEX] == LC_CTYPE);
3265 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_CTYPE_INDEX], "LC_CTYPE"));
3266 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3267 assert(category_masks[LC_CTYPE_INDEX] == LC_CTYPE_MASK);
3270 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3271 assert(categories[LC_COLLATE_INDEX] == LC_COLLATE);
3272 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_COLLATE_INDEX], "LC_COLLATE"));
3273 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3274 assert(category_masks[LC_COLLATE_INDEX] == LC_COLLATE_MASK);
3277 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
3278 assert(categories[LC_TIME_INDEX] == LC_TIME);
3279 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_TIME_INDEX], "LC_TIME"));
3280 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3281 assert(category_masks[LC_TIME_INDEX] == LC_TIME_MASK);
3284 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
3285 assert(categories[LC_MESSAGES_INDEX] == LC_MESSAGES);
3286 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_MESSAGES_INDEX], "LC_MESSAGES"));
3287 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3288 assert(category_masks[LC_MESSAGES_INDEX] == LC_MESSAGES_MASK);
3291 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
3292 assert(categories[LC_MONETARY_INDEX] == LC_MONETARY);
3293 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_MONETARY_INDEX], "LC_MONETARY"));
3294 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3295 assert(category_masks[LC_MONETARY_INDEX] == LC_MONETARY_MASK);
3298 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_ADDRESS
3299 assert(categories[LC_ADDRESS_INDEX] == LC_ADDRESS);
3300 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_ADDRESS_INDEX], "LC_ADDRESS"));
3301 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3302 assert(category_masks[LC_ADDRESS_INDEX] == LC_ADDRESS_MASK);
3305 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_IDENTIFICATION
3306 assert(categories[LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX] == LC_IDENTIFICATION);
3307 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX], "LC_IDENTIFICATION"));
3308 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3309 assert(category_masks[LC_IDENTIFICATION_INDEX] == LC_IDENTIFICATION_MASK);
3312 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MEASUREMENT
3313 assert(categories[LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX] == LC_MEASUREMENT);
3314 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX], "LC_MEASUREMENT"));
3315 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3316 assert(category_masks[LC_MEASUREMENT_INDEX] == LC_MEASUREMENT_MASK);
3319 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_PAPER
3320 assert(categories[LC_PAPER_INDEX] == LC_PAPER);
3321 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_PAPER_INDEX], "LC_PAPER"));
3322 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3323 assert(category_masks[LC_PAPER_INDEX] == LC_PAPER_MASK);
3326 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TELEPHONE
3327 assert(categories[LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX] == LC_TELEPHONE);
3328 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX], "LC_TELEPHONE"));
3329 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3330 assert(category_masks[LC_TELEPHONE_INDEX] == LC_TELEPHONE_MASK);
3333 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_SYNTAX
3334 assert(categories[LC_SYNTAX_INDEX] == LC_SYNTAX);
3335 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_SYNTAX_INDEX], "LC_SYNTAX"));
3336 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3337 assert(category_masks[LC_SYNTAX_INDEX] == LC_SYNTAX_MASK);
3340 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TOD
3341 assert(categories[LC_TOD_INDEX] == LC_TOD);
3342 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_TOD_INDEX], "LC_TOD"));
3343 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3344 assert(category_masks[LC_TOD_INDEX] == LC_TOD_MASK);
3348 assert(categories[LC_ALL_INDEX] == LC_ALL);
3349 assert(strEQ(category_names[LC_ALL_INDEX], "LC_ALL"));
3350 assert(NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX == LC_ALL_INDEX);
3351 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3352 assert(category_masks[LC_ALL_INDEX] == LC_ALL_MASK);
3355 # endif /* DEBUGGING */
3357 /* Initialize the per-thread mbrFOO() state variables. See POSIX.xs for
3358 * why these particular incantations are used. */
3360 memzero(&PL_mbrlen_ps, sizeof(PL_mbrlen_ps));
3363 memzero(&PL_mbrtowc_ps, sizeof(PL_mbrtowc_ps));
3366 wcrtomb(NULL, L'\0', &PL_wcrtomb_ps);
3369 /* Initialize the cache of the program's UTF-8ness for the always known
3370 * locales C and POSIX */
3371 my_strlcpy(PL_locale_utf8ness, C_and_POSIX_utf8ness,
3372 sizeof(PL_locale_utf8ness));
3374 # ifdef USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE
3377 _configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
3381 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3383 PL_C_locale_obj = newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
3384 if (! PL_C_locale_obj) {
3385 Perl_croak_nocontext(
3386 "panic: Cannot create POSIX 2008 C locale object; errno=%d", errno);
3388 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
3389 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: created C object %p\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_C_locale_obj);
3394 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
3396 PL_numeric_radix_sv = newSVpvs(".");
3400 # if defined(USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE) && ! defined(HAS_QUERYLOCALE)
3402 /* Initialize our records. If we have POSIX 2008, we have LC_ALL */
3403 do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, my_setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL));
3406 # ifdef LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED
3409 * Ultrix setlocale(..., "") fails if there are no environment
3410 * variables from which to get a locale name.
3414 # error Ultrix without LC_ALL not implemented
3420 sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX] = do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, setlocale_init);
3421 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, setlocale_init, sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX]);
3422 if (sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX])
3425 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
3427 if (! setlocale_failure) {
3428 const char * locale_param;
3429 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
3430 locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv(category_names[i])))
3433 sl_result[i] = do_setlocale_r(categories[i], locale_param);
3434 if (! sl_result[i]) {
3435 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
3437 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(categories[i], locale_param, sl_result[i]);
3442 # endif /* LC_ALL */
3443 # endif /* LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED */
3445 /* We try each locale in the list until we get one that works, or exhaust
3446 * the list. Normally the loop is executed just once. But if setting the
3447 * locale fails, inside the loop we add fallback trials to the array and so
3448 * will execute the loop multiple times */
3449 trial_locales[0] = setlocale_init;
3450 trial_locales_count = 1;
3452 for (i= 0; i < trial_locales_count; i++) {
3453 const char * trial_locale = trial_locales[i];
3457 /* XXX This is to preserve old behavior for LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED
3458 * when i==0, but I (khw) don't think that behavior makes much
3460 setlocale_failure = FALSE;
3462 # ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
3463 # ifdef WIN32 /* Note that assumes Win32 has LC_ALL */
3465 /* On Windows machines, an entry of "" after the 0th means to use
3466 * the system default locale, which we now proceed to get. */
3467 if (strEQ(trial_locale, "")) {
3470 /* Note that this may change the locale, but we are going to do
3471 * that anyway just below */
3472 system_default_locale = do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, "");
3473 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, "", system_default_locale);
3475 /* Skip if invalid or if it's already on the list of locales to
3477 if (! system_default_locale) {
3478 goto next_iteration;
3480 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
3481 if (strEQ(system_default_locale, trial_locales[j])) {
3482 goto next_iteration;
3486 trial_locale = system_default_locale;
3489 # error SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE only implemented for Win32
3491 # endif /* SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE */
3497 sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX] = do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, trial_locale);
3498 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, trial_locale, sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX]);
3499 if (! sl_result[LC_ALL_INDEX]) {
3500 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
3503 /* Since LC_ALL succeeded, it should have changed all the other
3504 * categories it can to its value; so we massage things so that the
3505 * setlocales below just return their category's current values.
3506 * This adequately handles the case in NetBSD where LC_COLLATE may
3507 * not be defined for a locale, and setting it individually will
3508 * fail, whereas setting LC_ALL succeeds, leaving LC_COLLATE set to
3509 * the POSIX locale. */
3510 trial_locale = NULL;
3513 # endif /* LC_ALL */
3515 if (! setlocale_failure) {
3517 for (j = 0; j < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; j++) {
3519 = savepv(do_setlocale_r(categories[j], trial_locale));
3520 if (! curlocales[j]) {
3521 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
3523 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(categories[j], trial_locale, curlocales[j]);
3526 if (LIKELY(! setlocale_failure)) { /* All succeeded */
3527 break; /* Exit trial_locales loop */
3531 /* Here, something failed; will need to try a fallback. */
3537 if (locwarn) { /* Output failure info only on the first one */
3541 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3542 "perl: warning: Setting locale failed.\n");
3544 # else /* !LC_ALL */
3546 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3547 "perl: warning: Setting locale failed for the categories:\n\t");
3549 for (j = 0; j < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; j++) {
3550 if (! curlocales[j]) {
3551 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, category_names[j]);
3554 Safefree(curlocales[j]);
3558 # endif /* LC_ALL */
3560 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3561 "perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:\n");
3565 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3566 "\tLANGUAGE = %c%s%c,\n",
3567 language ? '"' : '(',
3568 language ? language : "unset",
3569 language ? '"' : ')');
3572 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3573 "\tLC_ALL = %c%s%c,\n",
3575 lc_all ? lc_all : "unset",
3576 lc_all ? '"' : ')');
3578 # if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY)
3583 /* Look through the environment for any variables of the
3584 * form qr/ ^ LC_ [A-Z]+ = /x, except LC_ALL which was
3585 * already handled above. These are assumed to be locale
3586 * settings. Output them and their values. */
3587 for (e = environ; *e; e++) {
3588 const STRLEN prefix_len = sizeof("LC_") - 1;
3591 if ( strBEGINs(*e, "LC_")
3592 && ! strBEGINs(*e, "LC_ALL=")
3593 && (uppers_len = strspn(*e + prefix_len,
3594 "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"))
3595 && ((*e)[prefix_len + uppers_len] == '='))
3597 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\t%.*s = \"%s\",\n",
3598 (int) (prefix_len + uppers_len), *e,
3599 *e + prefix_len + uppers_len + 1);
3606 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3607 "\t(possibly more locale environment variables)\n");
3611 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3612 "\tLANG = %c%s%c\n",
3614 lang ? lang : "unset",
3617 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3618 " are supported and installed on your system.\n");
3621 /* Calculate what fallback locales to try. We have avoided this
3622 * until we have to, because failure is quite unlikely. This will
3623 * usually change the upper bound of the loop we are in.
3625 * Since the system's default way of setting the locale has not
3626 * found one that works, We use Perl's defined ordering: LC_ALL,
3627 * LANG, and the C locale. We don't try the same locale twice, so
3628 * don't add to the list if already there. (On POSIX systems, the
3629 * LC_ALL element will likely be a repeat of the 0th element "",
3630 * but there's no harm done by doing it explicitly.
3632 * Note that this tries the LC_ALL environment variable even on
3633 * systems which have no LC_ALL locale setting. This may or may
3634 * not have been originally intentional, but there's no real need
3635 * to change the behavior. */
3637 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
3638 if (strEQ(lc_all, trial_locales[j])) {
3642 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = lc_all;
3647 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
3648 if (strEQ(lang, trial_locales[j])) {
3652 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = lang;
3656 # if defined(WIN32) && defined(LC_ALL)
3658 /* For Windows, we also try the system default locale before "C".
3659 * (If there exists a Windows without LC_ALL we skip this because
3660 * it gets too complicated. For those, the "C" is the next
3661 * fallback possibility). The "" is the same as the 0th element of
3662 * the array, but the code at the loop above knows to treat it
3663 * differently when not the 0th */
3664 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = "";
3668 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
3669 if (strEQ("C", trial_locales[j])) {
3673 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = "C";
3676 } /* end of first time through the loop */
3684 } /* end of looping through the trial locales */
3686 if (ok < 1) { /* If we tried to fallback */
3688 if (! setlocale_failure) { /* fallback succeeded */
3689 msg = "Falling back to";
3691 else { /* fallback failed */
3694 /* We dropped off the end of the loop, so have to decrement i to
3695 * get back to the value the last time through */
3699 msg = "Failed to fall back to";
3701 /* To continue, we should use whatever values we've got */
3703 for (j = 0; j < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; j++) {
3704 Safefree(curlocales[j]);
3705 curlocales[j] = savepv(do_setlocale_r(categories[j], NULL));
3706 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(categories[j], NULL, curlocales[j]);
3711 const char * description;
3712 const char * name = "";
3713 if (strEQ(trial_locales[i], "C")) {
3714 description = "the standard locale";
3718 # ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
3720 else if (strEQ(trial_locales[i], "")) {
3721 description = "the system default locale";
3722 if (system_default_locale) {
3723 name = system_default_locale;
3727 # endif /* SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE */
3730 description = "a fallback locale";
3731 name = trial_locales[i];
3733 if (name && strNE(name, "")) {
3734 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3735 "perl: warning: %s %s (\"%s\").\n", msg, description, name);
3738 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
3739 "perl: warning: %s %s.\n", msg, description);
3742 } /* End of tried to fallback */
3744 /* Done with finding the locales; update our records */
3746 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3748 new_ctype(curlocales[LC_CTYPE_INDEX]);
3751 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3753 new_collate(curlocales[LC_COLLATE_INDEX]);
3756 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
3758 new_numeric(curlocales[LC_NUMERIC_INDEX]);
3762 for (i = 0; i < NOMINAL_LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
3764 # if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && ! defined(USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE)
3766 /* This caches whether each category's locale is UTF-8 or not. This
3767 * may involve changing the locale. It is ok to do this at
3768 * initialization time before any threads have started, but not later
3769 * unless thread-safe operations are used.
3770 * Caching means that if the program heeds our dictate not to change
3771 * locales in threaded applications, this data will remain valid, and
3772 * it may get queried without having to change locales. If the
3773 * environment is such that all categories have the same locale, this
3774 * isn't needed, as the code will not change the locale; but this
3775 * handles the uncommon case where the environment has disparate
3776 * locales for the categories */
3777 (void) _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(categories[i]);
3781 Safefree(curlocales[i]);
3784 # if defined(USE_PERLIO) && defined(USE_LOCALE_CTYPE)
3786 /* Set PL_utf8locale to TRUE if using PerlIO _and_ the current LC_CTYPE
3787 * locale is UTF-8. The call to new_ctype() just above has already
3788 * calculated the latter value and saved it in PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale. If
3789 * both PL_utf8locale and PL_unicode (set by -C or by $ENV{PERL_UNICODE})
3790 * are true, perl.c:S_parse_body() will turn on the PerlIO :utf8 layer on
3791 * STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR, _and_ the default open discipline. */
3792 PL_utf8locale = PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale;
3794 /* Set PL_unicode to $ENV{PERL_UNICODE} if using PerlIO.
3795 This is an alternative to using the -C command line switch
3796 (the -C if present will override this). */
3798 const char *p = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_UNICODE");
3799 PL_unicode = p ? parse_unicode_opts(&p) : 0;
3800 if (PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT_FLAG)
3805 #endif /* USE_LOCALE */
3808 /* So won't continue to output stuff */
3809 DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(FALSE);
3816 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3819 Perl__mem_collxfrm(pTHX_ const char *input_string,
3820 STRLEN len, /* Length of 'input_string' */
3821 STRLEN *xlen, /* Set to length of returned string
3822 (not including the collation index
3824 bool utf8 /* Is the input in UTF-8? */
3828 /* _mem_collxfrm() is a bit like strxfrm() but with two important
3829 * differences. First, it handles embedded NULs. Second, it allocates a bit
3830 * more memory than needed for the transformed data itself. The real
3831 * transformed data begins at offset COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN. *xlen is set to
3832 * the length of that, and doesn't include the collation index size.
3833 * Please see sv_collxfrm() to see how this is used. */
3835 #define COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN sizeof(PL_collation_ix)
3837 char * s = (char *) input_string;
3838 STRLEN s_strlen = strlen(input_string);
3840 STRLEN xAlloc; /* xalloc is a reserved word in VC */
3841 STRLEN length_in_chars;
3842 bool first_time = TRUE; /* Cleared after first loop iteration */
3844 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__MEM_COLLXFRM;
3846 /* Must be NUL-terminated */
3847 assert(*(input_string + len) == '\0');
3849 /* If this locale has defective collation, skip */
3850 if (PL_collxfrm_base == 0 && PL_collxfrm_mult == 0) {
3851 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3852 "_mem_collxfrm: locale's collation is defective\n"));
3856 /* Replace any embedded NULs with the control that sorts before any others.
3857 * This will give as good as possible results on strings that don't
3858 * otherwise contain that character, but otherwise there may be
3859 * less-than-perfect results with that character and NUL. This is
3860 * unavoidable unless we replace strxfrm with our own implementation. */
3861 if (UNLIKELY(s_strlen < len)) { /* Only execute if there is an embedded
3865 STRLEN sans_nuls_len;
3866 int try_non_controls;
3867 char this_replacement_char[] = "?\0"; /* Room for a two-byte string,
3868 making sure 2nd byte is NUL.
3870 STRLEN this_replacement_len;
3872 /* If we don't know what non-NUL control character sorts lowest for
3873 * this locale, find it */
3874 if (PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement == '\0') {
3876 char * cur_min_x = NULL; /* The min_char's xfrm, (except it also
3877 includes the collation index
3880 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking to replace NUL\n"));
3882 /* Unlikely, but it may be that no control will work to replace
3883 * NUL, in which case we instead look for any character. Controls
3884 * are preferred because collation order is, in general, context
3885 * sensitive, with adjoining characters affecting the order, and
3886 * controls are less likely to have such interactions, allowing the
3887 * NUL-replacement to stand on its own. (Another way to look at it
3888 * is to imagine what would happen if the NUL were replaced by a
3889 * combining character; it wouldn't work out all that well.) */
3890 for (try_non_controls = 0;
3891 try_non_controls < 2;
3894 /* Look through all legal code points (NUL isn't) */
3895 for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) {
3896 char * x; /* j's xfrm plus collation index */
3897 STRLEN x_len; /* length of 'x' */
3898 STRLEN trial_len = 1;
3899 char cur_source[] = { '\0', '\0' };
3901 /* Skip non-controls the first time through the loop. The
3902 * controls in a UTF-8 locale are the L1 ones */
3903 if (! try_non_controls && (PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale)
3910 /* Create a 1-char string of the current code point */
3911 cur_source[0] = (char) j;
3913 /* Then transform it */
3914 x = _mem_collxfrm(cur_source, trial_len, &x_len,
3915 0 /* The string is not in UTF-8 */);
3917 /* Ignore any character that didn't successfully transform.
3923 /* If this character's transformation is lower than
3924 * the current lowest, this one becomes the lowest */
3925 if ( cur_min_x == NULL
3926 || strLT(x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
3927 cur_min_x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN))
3929 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = j;
3930 Safefree(cur_min_x);
3936 } /* end of loop through all 255 characters */
3938 /* Stop looking if found */
3943 /* Unlikely, but possible, if there aren't any controls that
3944 * work in the locale, repeat the loop, looking for any
3945 * character that works */
3946 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3947 "_mem_collxfrm: No control worked. Trying non-controls\n"));
3948 } /* End of loop to try first the controls, then any char */
3951 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3952 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't find any character to replace"
3953 " embedded NULs in locale %s with", PL_collation_name));
3957 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3958 "_mem_collxfrm: Replacing embedded NULs in locale %s with "
3959 "0x%02X\n", PL_collation_name, PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement));
3961 Safefree(cur_min_x);
3962 } /* End of determining the character that is to replace NULs */
3964 /* If the replacement is variant under UTF-8, it must match the
3965 * UTF8-ness of the original */
3966 if ( ! UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement) && utf8) {
3967 this_replacement_char[0] =
3968 UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement);
3969 this_replacement_char[1] =
3970 UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement);
3971 this_replacement_len = 2;
3974 this_replacement_char[0] = PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement;
3975 /* this_replacement_char[1] = '\0' was done at initialization */
3976 this_replacement_len = 1;
3979 /* The worst case length for the replaced string would be if every
3980 * character in it is NUL. Multiply that by the length of each
3981 * replacement, and allow for a trailing NUL */
3982 sans_nuls_len = (len * this_replacement_len) + 1;
3983 Newx(sans_nuls, sans_nuls_len, char);
3986 /* Replace each NUL with the lowest collating control. Loop until have
3987 * exhausted all the NULs */
3988 while (s + s_strlen < e) {
3989 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, s, sans_nuls_len);
3991 /* Do the actual replacement */
3992 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, this_replacement_char, sans_nuls_len);
3994 /* Move past the input NUL */
3996 s_strlen = strlen(s);
3999 /* And add anything that trails the final NUL */
4000 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, s, sans_nuls_len);
4002 /* Switch so below we transform this modified string */
4005 } /* End of replacing NULs */
4007 /* Make sure the UTF8ness of the string and locale match */
4008 if (utf8 != PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale) {
4009 /* XXX convert above Unicode to 10FFFF? */
4010 const char * const t = s; /* Temporary so we can later find where the
4013 /* Here they don't match. Change the string's to be what the locale is
4016 if (! utf8) { /* locale is UTF-8, but input isn't; upgrade the input */
4017 s = (char *) bytes_to_utf8((const U8 *) s, &len);
4020 else { /* locale is not UTF-8; but input is; downgrade the input */
4022 s = (char *) bytes_from_utf8((const U8 *) s, &len, &utf8);
4024 /* If the downgrade was successful we are done, but if the input
4025 * contains things that require UTF-8 to represent, have to do
4026 * damage control ... */
4027 if (UNLIKELY(utf8)) {
4029 /* What we do is construct a non-UTF-8 string with
4030 * 1) the characters representable by a single byte converted
4031 * to be so (if necessary);
4032 * 2) and the rest converted to collate the same as the
4033 * highest collating representable character. That makes
4034 * them collate at the end. This is similar to how we
4035 * handle embedded NULs, but we use the highest collating
4036 * code point instead of the smallest. Like the NUL case,
4037 * this isn't perfect, but is the best we can reasonably
4038 * do. Every above-255 code point will sort the same as
4039 * the highest-sorting 0-255 code point. If that code
4040 * point can combine in a sequence with some other code
4041 * points for weight calculations, us changing something to
4042 * be it can adversely affect the results. But in most
4043 * cases, it should work reasonably. And note that this is
4044 * really an illegal situation: using code points above 255
4045 * on a locale where only 0-255 are valid. If two strings
4046 * sort entirely equal, then the sort order for the
4047 * above-255 code points will be in code point order. */
4051 /* If we haven't calculated the code point with the maximum
4052 * collating order for this locale, do so now */
4053 if (! PL_strxfrm_max_cp) {
4056 /* The current transformed string that collates the
4057 * highest (except it also includes the prefixed collation
4059 char * cur_max_x = NULL;
4061 /* Look through all legal code points (NUL isn't) */
4062 for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) {
4065 char cur_source[] = { '\0', '\0' };
4067 /* Create a 1-char string of the current code point */
4068 cur_source[0] = (char) j;
4070 /* Then transform it */
4071 x = _mem_collxfrm(cur_source, 1, &x_len, FALSE);
4073 /* If something went wrong (which it shouldn't), just
4074 * ignore this code point */
4079 /* If this character's transformation is higher than
4080 * the current highest, this one becomes the highest */
4081 if ( cur_max_x == NULL
4082 || strGT(x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
4083 cur_max_x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN))
4085 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = j;
4086 Safefree(cur_max_x);
4095 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4096 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't find any character to"
4097 " replace above-Latin1 chars in locale %s with",
4098 PL_collation_name));
4102 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4103 "_mem_collxfrm: highest 1-byte collating character"
4104 " in locale %s is 0x%02X\n",
4106 PL_strxfrm_max_cp));
4108 Safefree(cur_max_x);
4111 /* Here we know which legal code point collates the highest.
4112 * We are ready to construct the non-UTF-8 string. The length
4113 * will be at least 1 byte smaller than the input string
4114 * (because we changed at least one 2-byte character into a
4115 * single byte), but that is eaten up by the trailing NUL */
4121 char * e = (char *) t + len;
4123 for (i = 0; i < len; i+= UTF8SKIP(t + i)) {
4125 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(cur_char)) {
4128 else if (UTF8_IS_NEXT_CHAR_DOWNGRADEABLE(t + i, e)) {
4129 s[d++] = EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(cur_char, t[i+1]);
4131 else { /* Replace illegal cp with highest collating
4133 s[d++] = PL_strxfrm_max_cp;
4137 Renew(s, d, char); /* Free up unused space */
4142 /* Here, we have constructed a modified version of the input. It could
4143 * be that we already had a modified copy before we did this version.
4144 * If so, that copy is no longer needed */
4145 if (t != input_string) {
4150 length_in_chars = (utf8)
4151 ? utf8_length((U8 *) s, (U8 *) s + len)
4154 /* The first element in the output is the collation id, used by
4155 * sv_collxfrm(); then comes the space for the transformed string. The
4156 * equation should give us a good estimate as to how much is needed */
4157 xAlloc = COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN
4159 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
4160 Newx(xbuf, xAlloc, char);
4161 if (UNLIKELY(! xbuf)) {
4162 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4163 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't malloc %zu bytes\n", xAlloc));
4167 /* Store the collation id */
4168 *(U32*)xbuf = PL_collation_ix;
4170 /* Then the transformation of the input. We loop until successful, or we
4174 *xlen = strxfrm(xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN, s, xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN);
4176 /* If the transformed string occupies less space than we told strxfrm()
4177 * was available, it means it successfully transformed the whole
4179 if (*xlen < xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN) {
4181 /* Some systems include a trailing NUL in the returned length.
4182 * Ignore it, using a loop in case multiple trailing NULs are
4185 && *(xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + (*xlen) - 1) == '\0')
4190 /* If the first try didn't get it, it means our prediction was low.
4191 * Modify the coefficients so that we predict a larger value in any
4192 * future transformations */
4194 STRLEN needed = *xlen + 1; /* +1 For trailing NUL */
4195 STRLEN computed_guess = PL_collxfrm_base
4196 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
4198 /* On zero-length input, just keep current slope instead of
4200 const STRLEN new_m = (length_in_chars != 0)
4201 ? needed / length_in_chars
4204 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4205 "%s: %d: initial size of %zu bytes for a length "
4206 "%zu string was insufficient, %zu needed\n",
4208 computed_guess, length_in_chars, needed));
4210 /* If slope increased, use it, but discard this result for
4211 * length 1 strings, as we can't be sure that it's a real slope
4213 if (length_in_chars > 1 && new_m > PL_collxfrm_mult) {
4217 STRLEN old_m = PL_collxfrm_mult;
4218 STRLEN old_b = PL_collxfrm_base;
4222 PL_collxfrm_mult = new_m;
4223 PL_collxfrm_base = 1; /* +1 For trailing NUL */
4224 computed_guess = PL_collxfrm_base
4225 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
4226 if (computed_guess < needed) {
4227 PL_collxfrm_base += needed - computed_guess;
4230 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4231 "%s: %d: slope is now %zu; was %zu, base "
4232 "is now %zu; was %zu\n",
4234 PL_collxfrm_mult, old_m,
4235 PL_collxfrm_base, old_b));
4237 else { /* Slope didn't change, but 'b' did */
4238 const STRLEN new_b = needed
4241 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4242 "%s: %d: base is now %zu; was %zu\n",
4244 new_b, PL_collxfrm_base));
4245 PL_collxfrm_base = new_b;
4252 if (UNLIKELY(*xlen >= PERL_INT_MAX)) {
4253 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4254 "_mem_collxfrm: Needed %zu bytes, max permissible is %u\n",
4255 *xlen, PERL_INT_MAX));
4259 /* A well-behaved strxfrm() returns exactly how much space it needs
4260 * (usually not including the trailing NUL) when it fails due to not
4261 * enough space being provided. Assume that this is the case unless
4262 * it's been proven otherwise */
4263 if (LIKELY(PL_strxfrm_is_behaved) && first_time) {
4264 xAlloc = *xlen + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + 1;
4266 else { /* Here, either:
4267 * 1) The strxfrm() has previously shown bad behavior; or
4268 * 2) It isn't the first time through the loop, which means
4269 * that the strxfrm() is now showing bad behavior, because
4270 * we gave it what it said was needed in the previous
4271 * iteration, and it came back saying it needed still more.
4272 * (Many versions of cygwin fit this. When the buffer size
4273 * isn't sufficient, they return the input size instead of
4274 * how much is needed.)
4275 * Increase the buffer size by a fixed percentage and try again.
4277 xAlloc += (xAlloc / 4) + 1;
4278 PL_strxfrm_is_behaved = FALSE;
4282 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
4283 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4284 "_mem_collxfrm required more space than previously calculated"
4285 " for locale %s, trying again with new guess=%d+%zu\n",
4286 PL_collation_name, (int) COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
4287 xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN);
4294 Renew(xbuf, xAlloc, char);
4295 if (UNLIKELY(! xbuf)) {
4296 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4297 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't realloc %zu bytes\n", xAlloc));
4307 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
4309 print_collxfrm_input_and_return(s, s + len, xlen, utf8);
4310 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Its xfrm is:");
4311 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s\n",
4312 _byte_dump_string((U8 *) xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
4318 /* Free up unneeded space; retain ehough for trailing NUL */
4319 Renew(xbuf, COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + *xlen + 1, char);
4321 if (s != input_string) {
4331 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
4332 print_collxfrm_input_and_return(s, s + len, NULL, utf8);
4338 if (s != input_string) {
4349 S_print_collxfrm_input_and_return(pTHX_
4350 const char * const s,
4351 const char * const e,
4352 const STRLEN * const xlen,
4356 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PRINT_COLLXFRM_INPUT_AND_RETURN;
4358 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm[%" UVuf "]: returning ",
4359 (UV)PL_collation_ix);
4361 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%zu", *xlen);
4364 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "NULL");
4366 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " for locale '%s', string='",
4368 print_bytes_for_locale(s, e, is_utf8);
4370 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "'\n");
4373 # endif /* DEBUGGING */
4374 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
4379 S_print_bytes_for_locale(pTHX_
4380 const char * const s,
4381 const char * const e,
4385 bool prev_was_printable = TRUE;
4386 bool first_time = TRUE;
4388 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PRINT_BYTES_FOR_LOCALE;
4392 ? utf8_to_uvchr_buf((U8 *) t, e, NULL)
4395 if (! prev_was_printable) {
4396 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " ");
4398 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%c", (U8) cp);
4399 prev_was_printable = TRUE;
4403 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " ");
4405 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%02" UVXf, cp);
4406 prev_was_printable = FALSE;
4408 t += (is_utf8) ? UTF8SKIP(t) : 1;
4413 # endif /* #ifdef DEBUGGING */
4416 S_switch_category_locale_to_template(pTHX_ const int switch_category, const int template_category, const char * template_locale)
4418 /* Changes the locale for LC_'switch_category" to that of
4419 * LC_'template_category', if they aren't already the same. If not NULL,
4420 * 'template_locale' is the locale that 'template_category' is in.
4422 * Returns a copy of the name of the original locale for 'switch_category'
4423 * so can be switched back to with the companion function
4424 * restore_switched_locale(), (NULL if no restoral is necessary.) */
4426 char * restore_to_locale = NULL;
4428 if (switch_category == template_category) { /* No changes needed */
4432 /* Find the original locale of the category we may need to change, so that
4433 * it can be restored to later */
4434 restore_to_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(do_setlocale_r(switch_category,
4436 if (! restore_to_locale) {
4438 "panic: %s: %d: Could not find current %s locale, errno=%d\n",
4439 __FILE__, __LINE__, category_name(switch_category), errno);
4442 /* If the locale of the template category wasn't passed in, find it now */
4443 if (template_locale == NULL) {
4444 template_locale = do_setlocale_r(template_category, NULL);
4445 if (! template_locale) {
4447 "panic: %s: %d: Could not find current %s locale, errno=%d\n",
4448 __FILE__, __LINE__, category_name(template_category), errno);
4452 /* It the locales are the same, there's nothing to do */
4453 if (strEQ(restore_to_locale, template_locale)) {
4454 Safefree(restore_to_locale);
4456 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s locale unchanged as %s\n",
4457 category_name(switch_category), template_locale));
4462 /* Finally, change the locale to the template one */
4463 if (! do_setlocale_r(switch_category, template_locale)) {
4465 "panic: %s: %d: Could not change %s locale to %s, errno=%d\n",
4466 __FILE__, __LINE__, category_name(switch_category),
4467 template_locale, errno);
4470 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s locale switched to %s\n",
4471 category_name(switch_category), template_locale));
4473 return restore_to_locale;
4477 S_restore_switched_locale(pTHX_ const int category, const char * const original_locale)
4479 /* Restores the locale for LC_'category' to 'original_locale' (which is a
4480 * copy that will be freed by this function), or do nothing if the latter
4481 * parameter is NULL */
4483 if (original_locale == NULL) {
4487 if (! do_setlocale_r(category, original_locale)) {
4489 "panic: %s: %d: setlocale %s restore to %s failed, errno=%d\n",
4491 category_name(category), original_locale, errno);
4494 Safefree(original_locale);
4497 /* is_cur_LC_category_utf8 uses a small char buffer to avoid malloc/free */
4498 #define CUR_LC_BUFFER_SIZE 64
4501 Perl__is_cur_LC_category_utf8(pTHX_ int category)
4503 /* Returns TRUE if the current locale for 'category' is UTF-8; FALSE
4504 * otherwise. 'category' may not be LC_ALL. If the platform doesn't have
4505 * nl_langinfo(), nor MB_CUR_MAX, this employs a heuristic, which hence
4506 * could give the wrong result. The result will very likely be correct for
4507 * languages that have commonly used non-ASCII characters, but for notably
4508 * English, it comes down to if the locale's name ends in something like
4509 * "UTF-8". It errs on the side of not being a UTF-8 locale.
4511 * If the platform is early C89, not containing mbtowc(), or we are
4512 * compiled to not pay attention to LC_CTYPE, this employs heuristics.
4513 * These work very well for non-Latin locales or those whose currency
4514 * symbol isn't a '$' nor plain ASCII text. But without LC_CTYPE and at
4515 * least MB_CUR_MAX, English locales with an ASCII currency symbol depend
4516 * on the name containing UTF-8 or not. */
4518 /* Name of current locale corresponding to the input category */
4519 const char *save_input_locale = NULL;
4521 bool is_utf8 = FALSE; /* The return value */
4523 /* The variables below are for the cache of previous lookups using this
4524 * function. The cache is a C string, described at the definition for
4525 * 'C_and_POSIX_utf8ness'.
4527 * The first part of the cache is fixed, for the C and POSIX locales. The
4528 * varying part starts just after them. */
4529 char * utf8ness_cache = PL_locale_utf8ness + STRLENs(C_and_POSIX_utf8ness);
4531 Size_t utf8ness_cache_size; /* Size of the varying portion */
4532 Size_t input_name_len; /* Length in bytes of save_input_locale */
4533 Size_t input_name_len_with_overhead; /* plus extra chars used to store
4534 the name in the cache */
4535 char * delimited; /* The name plus the delimiters used to store
4537 char buffer[CUR_LC_BUFFER_SIZE]; /* small buffer */
4538 char * name_pos; /* position of 'delimited' in the cache, or 0
4544 assert(category != LC_ALL);
4548 /* Get the desired category's locale */
4549 save_input_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(do_setlocale_r(category, NULL)));
4550 if (! save_input_locale) {
4552 "panic: %s: %d: Could not find current %s locale, errno=%d\n",
4553 __FILE__, __LINE__, category_name(category), errno);
4556 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4557 "Current locale for %s is %s\n",
4558 category_name(category), save_input_locale));
4560 input_name_len = strlen(save_input_locale);
4562 /* In our cache, each name is accompanied by two delimiters and a single
4564 input_name_len_with_overhead = input_name_len + 3;
4566 if ( input_name_len_with_overhead <= CUR_LC_BUFFER_SIZE ) {
4567 /* we can use the buffer, avoid a malloc */
4569 } else { /* need a malloc */
4570 /* Allocate and populate space for a copy of the name surrounded by the
4572 Newx(delimited, input_name_len_with_overhead, char);
4575 delimited[0] = UTF8NESS_SEP[0];
4576 Copy(save_input_locale, delimited + 1, input_name_len, char);
4577 delimited[input_name_len+1] = UTF8NESS_PREFIX[0];
4578 delimited[input_name_len+2] = '\0';
4580 /* And see if that is in the cache */
4581 name_pos = instr(PL_locale_utf8ness, delimited);
4583 is_utf8 = *(name_pos + input_name_len_with_overhead - 1) - '0';
4587 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
4588 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "UTF8ness for locale %s=%d, \n",
4589 save_input_locale, is_utf8);
4594 /* And, if not already in that position, move it to the beginning of
4595 * the non-constant portion of the list, since it is the most recently
4596 * used. (We don't have to worry about overflow, since just moving
4597 * existing names around) */
4598 if (name_pos > utf8ness_cache) {
4599 Move(utf8ness_cache,
4600 utf8ness_cache + input_name_len_with_overhead,
4601 name_pos - utf8ness_cache, char);
4604 input_name_len_with_overhead - 1, char);
4605 utf8ness_cache[input_name_len_with_overhead - 1] = is_utf8 + '0';
4608 /* free only when not using the buffer */
4609 if ( delimited != buffer ) Safefree(delimited);
4610 Safefree(save_input_locale);
4614 /* Here we don't have stored the utf8ness for the input locale. We have to
4617 # if defined(USE_LOCALE_CTYPE) \
4618 && ( defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO) \
4619 || (defined(HAS_MBTOWC) || defined(HAS_MBRTOWC)))
4622 const char *original_ctype_locale
4623 = switch_category_locale_to_template(LC_CTYPE,
4627 /* Here the current LC_CTYPE is set to the locale of the category whose
4628 * information is desired. This means that nl_langinfo() and mbtowc()
4629 * should give the correct results */
4631 # ifdef MB_CUR_MAX /* But we can potentially rule out UTF-8ness, avoiding
4632 calling the functions if we have this */
4634 /* Standard UTF-8 needs at least 4 bytes to represent the maximum
4635 * Unicode code point. */
4637 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: MB_CUR_MAX=%d\n",
4638 __FILE__, __LINE__, (int) MB_CUR_MAX));
4639 if ((unsigned) MB_CUR_MAX < STRLENs(MAX_UNICODE_UTF8)) {
4641 restore_switched_locale(LC_CTYPE, original_ctype_locale);
4642 goto finish_and_return;
4646 # if defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO)
4648 { /* The task is easiest if the platform has this POSIX 2001 function.
4649 Except on some platforms it can wrongly return "", so have to have
4650 a fallback. And it can return that it's UTF-8, even if there are
4651 variances from that. For example, Turkish locales may use the
4652 alternate dotted I rules, and sometimes it appears to be a
4653 defective locale definition. XXX We should probably check for
4654 these in the Latin1 range and warn (but on glibc, requires
4655 iswalnum() etc. due to their not handling 80-FF correctly */
4656 const char *codeset = my_nl_langinfo(CODESET, FALSE);
4657 /* FALSE => already in dest locale */
4659 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4660 "\tnllanginfo returned CODESET '%s'\n", codeset));
4662 if (codeset && strNE(codeset, "")) {
4664 /* If the implementation of foldEQ() somehow were
4665 * to change to not go byte-by-byte, this could
4666 * read past end of string, as only one length is
4667 * checked. But currently, a premature NUL will
4668 * compare false, and it will stop there */
4669 is_utf8 = cBOOL( foldEQ(codeset, STR_WITH_LEN("UTF-8"))
4670 || foldEQ(codeset, STR_WITH_LEN("UTF8")));
4672 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4673 "\tnllanginfo returned CODESET '%s'; ?UTF8 locale=%d\n",
4675 restore_switched_locale(LC_CTYPE, original_ctype_locale);
4676 goto finish_and_return;
4681 # if defined(HAS_MBTOWC) || defined(HAS_MBRTOWC)
4682 /* We can see if this is a UTF-8-like locale if have mbtowc(). It was a
4683 * late adder to C89, so very likely to have it. However, testing has
4684 * shown that, like nl_langinfo() above, there are locales that are not
4685 * strictly UTF-8 that this will return that they are */
4692 # if defined(HAS_MBRTOWC) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
4698 /* mbrtowc() and mbtowc() convert a byte string to a wide
4699 * character. Feed a byte string to one of them and check that the
4700 * result is the expected Unicode code point */
4702 # if defined(HAS_MBRTOWC) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
4703 /* Prefer this function if available, as it's reentrant */
4705 memset(&ps, 0, sizeof(ps));;
4706 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(mbrtowc(&wc, NULL, 0, &ps)); /* Reset any shift
4709 len = mbrtowc(&wc, STR_WITH_LEN(REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8), &ps);
4715 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(mbtowc(&wc, NULL, 0));/* Reset any shift state */
4717 len = mbtowc(&wc, STR_WITH_LEN(REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8));
4724 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4725 "\treturn from mbtowc; len=%d; code_point=%x; errno=%d\n",
4726 len, (unsigned int) wc, GET_ERRNO));
4728 is_utf8 = cBOOL( len == STRLENs(REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8)
4729 && wc == (wchar_t) UNICODE_REPLACEMENT);
4734 restore_switched_locale(LC_CTYPE, original_ctype_locale);
4735 goto finish_and_return;
4740 /* Here, we must have a C89 compiler that doesn't have mbtowc(). Next
4741 * try looking at the currency symbol to see if it disambiguates
4742 * things. Often that will be in the native script, and if the symbol
4743 * isn't in UTF-8, we know that the locale isn't. If it is non-ASCII
4744 * UTF-8, we infer that the locale is too, as the odds of a non-UTF8
4745 * string being valid UTF-8 are quite small */
4747 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
4749 /* If have LC_MONETARY, we can look at the currency symbol. Often that
4750 * will be in the native script. We do this one first because there is
4751 * just one string to examine, so potentially avoids work */
4754 const char *original_monetary_locale
4755 = switch_category_locale_to_template(LC_MONETARY,
4758 bool only_ascii = FALSE;
4759 const U8 * currency_string
4760 = (const U8 *) my_nl_langinfo(CRNCYSTR, FALSE);
4761 /* 2nd param not relevant for this item */
4762 const U8 * first_variant;
4764 assert( *currency_string == '-'
4765 || *currency_string == '+'
4766 || *currency_string == '.');
4770 if (is_utf8_invariant_string_loc(currency_string, 0, &first_variant))
4772 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Couldn't get currency symbol for %s, or contains only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale));
4776 is_utf8 = is_strict_utf8_string(first_variant, 0);
4779 restore_switched_locale(LC_MONETARY, original_monetary_locale);
4783 /* It isn't a UTF-8 locale if the symbol is not legal UTF-8;
4784 * otherwise assume the locale is UTF-8 if and only if the symbol
4785 * is non-ascii UTF-8. */
4786 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?Currency symbol for %s is UTF-8=%d\n",
4787 save_input_locale, is_utf8));
4788 goto finish_and_return;
4792 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_MONETARY */
4793 # if defined(HAS_STRFTIME) && defined(USE_LOCALE_TIME)
4795 /* Still haven't found a non-ASCII string to disambiguate UTF-8 or not. Try
4796 * the names of the months and weekdays, timezone, and am/pm indicator */
4798 const char *original_time_locale
4799 = switch_category_locale_to_template(LC_TIME,
4803 bool is_dst = FALSE;
4807 char * formatted_time;
4809 /* Here the current LC_TIME is set to the locale of the category
4810 * whose information is desired. Look at all the days of the week and
4811 * month names, and the timezone and am/pm indicator for UTF-8 variant
4812 * characters. The first such a one found will tell us if the locale
4813 * is UTF-8 or not */
4815 for (i = 0; i < 7 + 12; i++) { /* 7 days; 12 months */
4816 formatted_time = my_strftime("%A %B %Z %p",
4817 0, 0, hour, dom, month, 2012 - 1900, 0, 0, is_dst);
4818 if ( ! formatted_time
4819 || is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0))
4822 /* Here, we didn't find a non-ASCII. Try the next time through
4823 * with the complemented dst and am/pm, and try with the next
4824 * weekday. After we have gotten all weekdays, try the next
4827 hour = (hour + 12) % 24;
4835 /* Here, we have a non-ASCII. Return TRUE is it is valid UTF8;
4836 * false otherwise. But first, restore LC_TIME to its original
4837 * locale if we changed it */
4838 restore_switched_locale(LC_TIME, original_time_locale);
4840 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?time-related strings for %s are UTF-8=%d\n",
4842 is_utf8_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0)));
4843 is_utf8 = is_utf8_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0);
4844 goto finish_and_return;
4847 /* Falling off the end of the loop indicates all the names were just
4848 * ASCII. Go on to the next test. If we changed it, restore LC_TIME
4849 * to its original locale */
4850 restore_switched_locale(LC_TIME, original_time_locale);
4851 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "All time-related words for %s contain only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale));
4856 # if 0 && defined(USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES) && defined(HAS_SYS_ERRLIST)
4858 /* This code is ifdefd out because it was found to not be necessary in testing
4859 * on our dromedary test machine, which has over 700 locales. There, this
4860 * added no value to looking at the currency symbol and the time strings. I
4861 * left it in so as to avoid rewriting it if real-world experience indicates
4862 * that dromedary is an outlier. Essentially, instead of returning abpve if we
4863 * haven't found illegal utf8, we continue on and examine all the strerror()
4864 * messages on the platform for utf8ness. If all are ASCII, we still don't
4865 * know the answer; but otherwise we have a pretty good indication of the
4866 * utf8ness. The reason this doesn't help much is that the messages may not
4867 * have been translated into the locale. The currency symbol and time strings
4868 * are much more likely to have been translated. */
4871 bool non_ascii = FALSE;
4872 const char *original_messages_locale
4873 = switch_category_locale_to_template(LC_MESSAGES,
4876 const char * errmsg = NULL;
4878 /* Here the current LC_MESSAGES is set to the locale of the category
4879 * whose information is desired. Look through all the messages. We
4880 * can't use Strerror() here because it may expand to code that
4881 * segfaults in miniperl */
4883 for (e = 0; e <= sys_nerr; e++) {
4885 errmsg = sys_errlist[e];
4886 if (errno || !errmsg) {
4889 errmsg = savepv(errmsg);
4890 if (! is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) errmsg, 0)) {
4892 is_utf8 = is_utf8_string((U8 *) errmsg, 0);
4898 restore_switched_locale(LC_MESSAGES, original_messages_locale);
4902 /* Any non-UTF-8 message means not a UTF-8 locale; if all are valid,
4903 * any non-ascii means it is one; otherwise we assume it isn't */
4904 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?error messages for %s are UTF-8=%d\n",
4907 goto finish_and_return;
4910 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "All error messages for %s contain only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale));
4914 # ifndef EBCDIC /* On os390, even if the name ends with "UTF-8', it isn't a
4917 /* As a last resort, look at the locale name to see if it matches
4918 * qr/UTF -? * 8 /ix, or some other common locale names. This "name", the
4919 * return of setlocale(), is actually defined to be opaque, so we can't
4920 * really rely on the absence of various substrings in the name to indicate
4921 * its UTF-8ness, but if it has UTF8 in the name, it is extremely likely to
4922 * be a UTF-8 locale. Similarly for the other common names */
4925 const Size_t final_pos = strlen(save_input_locale) - 1;
4927 if (final_pos >= 3) {
4928 const char *name = save_input_locale;
4930 /* Find next 'U' or 'u' and look from there */
4931 while ((name += strcspn(name, "Uu") + 1)
4932 <= save_input_locale + final_pos - 2)
4934 if ( isALPHA_FOLD_NE(*name, 't')
4935 || isALPHA_FOLD_NE(*(name + 1), 'f'))
4940 if (*(name) == '-') {
4941 if ((name > save_input_locale + final_pos - 1)) {
4946 if (*(name) == '8') {
4947 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4948 "Locale %s ends with UTF-8 in name\n",
4949 save_input_locale));
4951 goto finish_and_return;
4954 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4955 "Locale %s doesn't end with UTF-8 in name\n",
4956 save_input_locale));
4961 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756.aspx */
4962 if (memENDs(save_input_locale, final_pos, "65001")) {
4963 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4964 "Locale %s ends with 65001 in name, is UTF-8 locale\n",
4965 save_input_locale));
4967 goto finish_and_return;
4974 /* Other common encodings are the ISO 8859 series, which aren't UTF-8. But
4975 * since we are about to return FALSE anyway, there is no point in doing
4976 * this extra work */
4979 if (instr(save_input_locale, "8859")) {
4980 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4981 "Locale %s has 8859 in name, not UTF-8 locale\n",
4982 save_input_locale));
4984 goto finish_and_return;
4988 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
4989 "Assuming locale %s is not a UTF-8 locale\n",
4990 save_input_locale));
4993 # endif /* the code that is compiled when no modern LC_CTYPE */
4997 /* Cache this result so we don't have to go through all this next time. */
4998 utf8ness_cache_size = sizeof(PL_locale_utf8ness)
4999 - (utf8ness_cache - PL_locale_utf8ness);
5001 /* But we can't save it if it is too large for the total space available */
5002 if (LIKELY(input_name_len_with_overhead < utf8ness_cache_size)) {
5003 Size_t utf8ness_cache_len = strlen(utf8ness_cache);
5005 /* Here it can fit, but we may need to clear out the oldest cached
5006 * result(s) to do so. Check */
5007 if (utf8ness_cache_len + input_name_len_with_overhead
5008 >= utf8ness_cache_size)
5010 /* Here we have to clear something out to make room for this.
5011 * Start looking at the rightmost place where it could fit and find
5012 * the beginning of the entry that extends past that. */
5013 char * cutoff = (char *) my_memrchr(utf8ness_cache,
5016 - input_name_len_with_overhead);
5019 assert(cutoff >= utf8ness_cache);
5021 /* This and all subsequent entries must be removed */
5023 utf8ness_cache_len = strlen(utf8ness_cache);
5026 /* Make space for the new entry */
5027 Move(utf8ness_cache,
5028 utf8ness_cache + input_name_len_with_overhead,
5029 utf8ness_cache_len + 1 /* Incl. trailing NUL */, char);
5032 Copy(delimited, utf8ness_cache, input_name_len_with_overhead - 1, char);
5033 utf8ness_cache[input_name_len_with_overhead - 1] = is_utf8 + '0';
5035 if ((PL_locale_utf8ness[strlen(PL_locale_utf8ness)-1] & ~1) != '0') {
5037 "panic: %s: %d: Corrupt utf8ness_cache=%s\nlen=%zu,"
5038 " inserted_name=%s, its_len=%zu\n",
5040 PL_locale_utf8ness, strlen(PL_locale_utf8ness),
5041 delimited, input_name_len_with_overhead);
5047 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST) {
5048 const char * s = PL_locale_utf8ness;
5050 /* Audit the structure */
5051 while (s < PL_locale_utf8ness + strlen(PL_locale_utf8ness)) {
5054 if (*s != UTF8NESS_SEP[0]) {
5056 "panic: %s: %d: Corrupt utf8ness_cache: missing"
5057 " separator %.*s<-- HERE %s\n",
5059 (int) (s - PL_locale_utf8ness), PL_locale_utf8ness,
5063 e = strchr(s, UTF8NESS_PREFIX[0]);
5065 e = PL_locale_utf8ness + strlen(PL_locale_utf8ness);
5067 "panic: %s: %d: Corrupt utf8ness_cache: missing"
5068 " separator %.*s<-- HERE %s\n",
5070 (int) (e - PL_locale_utf8ness), PL_locale_utf8ness,
5074 if (*e != '0' && *e != '1') {
5076 "panic: %s: %d: Corrupt utf8ness_cache: utf8ness"
5077 " must be [01] %.*s<-- HERE %s\n",
5079 (int) (e + 1 - PL_locale_utf8ness),
5080 PL_locale_utf8ness, e + 1);
5082 if (ninstr(PL_locale_utf8ness, s, s-1, e)) {
5084 "panic: %s: %d: Corrupt utf8ness_cache: entry"
5085 " has duplicate %.*s<-- HERE %s\n",
5087 (int) (e - PL_locale_utf8ness), PL_locale_utf8ness,
5094 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
5096 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5097 "PL_locale_utf8ness is now %s; returning %d\n",
5098 PL_locale_utf8ness, is_utf8);
5103 /* free only when not using the buffer */
5104 if ( delimited != buffer ) Safefree(delimited);
5105 Safefree(save_input_locale);
5112 Perl__is_in_locale_category(pTHX_ const bool compiling, const int category)
5114 /* Internal function which returns if we are in the scope of a pragma that
5115 * enables the locale category 'category'. 'compiling' should indicate if
5116 * this is during the compilation phase (TRUE) or not (FALSE). */
5118 const COP * const cop = (compiling) ? &PL_compiling : PL_curcop;
5120 SV *these_categories = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(cop, "locale", 0);
5121 if (! these_categories || these_categories == &PL_sv_placeholder) {
5125 /* The pseudo-category 'not_characters' is -1, so just add 1 to each to get
5126 * a valid unsigned */
5127 assert(category >= -1);
5128 return cBOOL(SvUV(these_categories) & (1U << (category + 1)));
5132 Perl_my_strerror(pTHX_ const int errnum)
5134 /* Returns a mortalized copy of the text of the error message associated
5135 * with 'errnum'. It uses the current locale's text unless the platform
5136 * doesn't have the LC_MESSAGES category or we are not being called from
5137 * within the scope of 'use locale'. In the former case, it uses whatever
5138 * strerror returns; in the latter case it uses the text from the C locale.
5140 * The function just calls strerror(), but temporarily switches, if needed,
5141 * to the C locale */
5145 #ifndef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
5147 /* If platform doesn't have messages category, we don't do any switching to
5148 * the C locale; we just use whatever strerror() returns */
5150 errstr = savepv(Strerror(errnum));
5152 #else /* Has locale messages */
5154 const bool within_locale_scope = IN_LC(LC_MESSAGES);
5156 # ifndef USE_ITHREADS
5158 /* This function is trivial without threads. */
5159 if (within_locale_scope) {
5160 errstr = savepv(strerror(errnum));
5163 const char * save_locale = savepv(do_setlocale_c(LC_MESSAGES, NULL));
5165 do_setlocale_c(LC_MESSAGES, "C");
5166 errstr = savepv(strerror(errnum));
5167 do_setlocale_c(LC_MESSAGES, save_locale);
5168 Safefree(save_locale);
5171 # elif defined(USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE) \
5172 && defined(HAS_STRERROR_L)
5174 /* This function is also trivial if we don't have to worry about thread
5175 * safety and have strerror_l(), as it handles the switch of locales so we
5176 * don't have to deal with that. We don't have to worry about thread
5177 * safety if strerror_r() is also available. Both it and strerror_l() are
5178 * thread-safe. Plain strerror() isn't thread safe. But on threaded
5179 * builds when strerror_r() is available, the apparent call to strerror()
5180 * below is actually a macro that behind-the-scenes calls strerror_r(). */
5182 # ifdef HAS_STRERROR_R
5184 if (within_locale_scope) {
5185 errstr = savepv(strerror(errnum));
5188 errstr = savepv(strerror_l(errnum, PL_C_locale_obj));
5193 /* Here we have strerror_l(), but not strerror_r() and we are on a
5194 * threaded-build. We use strerror_l() for everything, constructing a
5195 * locale to pass to it if necessary */
5197 bool do_free = FALSE;
5198 locale_t locale_to_use;
5200 if (within_locale_scope) {
5201 locale_to_use = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
5202 if (locale_to_use == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE) {
5203 locale_to_use = duplocale(LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE);
5207 else { /* Use C locale if not within 'use locale' scope */
5208 locale_to_use = PL_C_locale_obj;
5211 errstr = savepv(strerror_l(errnum, locale_to_use));
5214 freelocale(locale_to_use);
5218 # else /* Doesn't have strerror_l() */
5220 const char * save_locale = NULL;
5221 bool locale_is_C = FALSE;
5223 /* We have a critical section to prevent another thread from executing this
5224 * same code at the same time. (On thread-safe perls, the LOCK is a
5225 * no-op.) Since this is the only place in core that changes LC_MESSAGES
5226 * (unless the user has called setlocale(), this works to prevent races. */
5229 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5230 "my_strerror called with errnum %d\n", errnum));
5231 if (! within_locale_scope) {
5232 save_locale = do_setlocale_c(LC_MESSAGES, NULL);
5233 if (! save_locale) {
5236 "panic: %s: %d: Could not find current LC_MESSAGES locale,"
5237 " errno=%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, errno);
5240 locale_is_C = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_locale);
5242 /* Switch to the C locale if not already in it */
5243 if (! locale_is_C) {
5245 /* The setlocale() just below likely will zap 'save_locale', so
5247 save_locale = savepv(save_locale);
5248 if (! do_setlocale_c(LC_MESSAGES, "C")) {
5250 /* If, for some reason, the locale change failed, we
5251 * soldier on as best as possible under the circumstances,
5252 * using the current locale, and clear save_locale, so we
5253 * don't try to change back. On z/0S, all setlocale()
5254 * calls fail after you've created a thread. This is their
5255 * way of making sure the entire process is always a single
5256 * locale. This means that 'use locale' is always in place
5257 * for messages under these circumstances. */
5258 Safefree(save_locale);
5263 } /* end of ! within_locale_scope */
5265 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: WITHIN locale scope\n",
5266 __FILE__, __LINE__));
5269 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5270 "Any locale change has been done; about to call Strerror\n"));
5271 errstr = savepv(Strerror(errnum));
5273 if (! within_locale_scope) {
5274 if (save_locale && ! locale_is_C) {
5275 if (! do_setlocale_c(LC_MESSAGES, save_locale)) {
5278 "panic: %s: %d: setlocale restore to '%s' failed, errno=%d\n",
5279 __FILE__, __LINE__, save_locale, errno);
5281 Safefree(save_locale);
5287 # endif /* End of doesn't have strerror_l */
5290 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST) {
5291 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Strerror returned; saving a copy: '");
5292 print_bytes_for_locale(errstr, errstr + strlen(errstr), 0);
5293 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "'\n");
5297 #endif /* End of does have locale messages */
5305 =for apidoc switch_to_global_locale
5307 On systems without locale support, or on typical single-threaded builds, or on
5308 platforms that do not support per-thread locale operations, this function does
5309 nothing. On such systems that do have locale support, only a locale global to
5310 the whole program is available.
5312 On multi-threaded builds on systems that do have per-thread locale operations,
5313 this function converts the thread it is running in to use the global locale.
5314 This is for code that has not yet or cannot be updated to handle multi-threaded
5315 locale operation. As long as only a single thread is so-converted, everything
5316 works fine, as all the other threads continue to ignore the global one, so only
5317 this thread looks at it.
5319 However, on Windows systems this isn't quite true prior to Visual Studio 15,
5320 at which point Microsoft fixed a bug. A race can occur if you use the
5321 following operations on earlier Windows platforms:
5325 =item L<POSIX::localeconv|POSIX/localeconv>
5327 =item L<I18N::Langinfo>, items C<CRNCYSTR> and C<THOUSEP>
5329 =item L<perlapi/Perl_langinfo>, items C<CRNCYSTR> and C<THOUSEP>
5333 The first item is not fixable (except by upgrading to a later Visual Studio
5334 release), but it would be possible to work around the latter two items by using
5335 the Windows API functions C<GetNumberFormat> and C<GetCurrencyFormat>; patches
5338 Without this function call, threads that use the L<C<setlocale(3)>> system
5339 function will not work properly, as all the locale-sensitive functions will
5340 look at the per-thread locale, and C<setlocale> will have no effect on this
5343 Perl code should convert to either call
5344 L<C<Perl_setlocale>|perlapi/Perl_setlocale> (which is a drop-in for the system
5345 C<setlocale>) or use the methods given in L<perlcall> to call
5346 L<C<POSIX::setlocale>|POSIX/setlocale>. Either one will transparently properly
5347 handle all cases of single- vs multi-thread, POSIX 2008-supported or not.
5349 Non-Perl libraries, such as C<gtk>, that call the system C<setlocale> can
5350 continue to work if this function is called before transferring control to the
5353 Upon return from the code that needs to use the global locale,
5354 L<C<sync_locale()>|perlapi/sync_locale> should be called to restore the safe
5355 multi-thread operation.
5361 Perl_switch_to_global_locale()
5364 #ifdef USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE
5367 _configthreadlocale(_DISABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
5370 # ifdef HAS_QUERYLOCALE
5372 setlocale(LC_ALL, querylocale(LC_ALL_MASK, uselocale((locale_t) 0)));
5379 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
5380 setlocale(categories[i], do_setlocale_r(categories[i], NULL));
5386 uselocale(LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE);
5395 =for apidoc sync_locale
5397 L<C<Perl_setlocale>|perlapi/Perl_setlocale> can be used at any time to query or
5398 change the locale (though changing the locale is antisocial and dangerous on
5399 multi-threaded systems that don't have multi-thread safe locale operations.
5400 (See L<perllocale/Multi-threaded operation>). Using the system
5401 L<C<setlocale(3)>> should be avoided. Nevertheless, certain non-Perl libraries
5402 called from XS, such as C<Gtk> do so, and this can't be changed. When the
5403 locale is changed by XS code that didn't use
5404 L<C<Perl_setlocale>|perlapi/Perl_setlocale>, Perl needs to be told that the
5405 locale has changed. Use this function to do so, before returning to Perl.
5407 The return value is a boolean: TRUE if the global locale at the time of call
5408 was in effect; and FALSE if a per-thread locale was in effect. This can be
5409 used by the caller that needs to restore things as-they-were to decide whether
5411 L<C<Perl_switch_to_global_locale>|perlapi/switch_to_global_locale>.
5426 const char * newlocale;
5429 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
5431 bool was_in_global_locale = FALSE;
5432 locale_t cur_obj = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
5434 /* On Windows, unless the foreign code has turned off the thread-safe
5435 * locale setting, any plain setlocale() will have affected what we see, so
5436 * no need to worry. Otherwise, If the foreign code has done a plain
5437 * setlocale(), it will only affect the global locale on POSIX systems, but
5438 * will affect the */
5439 if (cur_obj == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE) {
5441 # ifdef HAS_QUERY_LOCALE
5443 do_setlocale_c(LC_ALL, setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL));
5449 /* We can't trust that we can read the LC_ALL format on the
5450 * platform, so do them individually */
5451 for (i = 0; i < LC_ALL_INDEX; i++) {
5452 do_setlocale_r(categories[i], setlocale(categories[i], NULL));
5457 was_in_global_locale = TRUE;
5462 bool was_in_global_locale = TRUE;
5465 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
5467 newlocale = savepv(do_setlocale_c(LC_CTYPE, NULL));
5468 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5469 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
5470 setlocale_debug_string(LC_CTYPE, NULL, newlocale)));
5471 new_ctype(newlocale);
5472 Safefree(newlocale);
5474 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
5475 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
5477 newlocale = savepv(do_setlocale_c(LC_COLLATE, NULL));
5478 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5479 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
5480 setlocale_debug_string(LC_COLLATE, NULL, newlocale)));
5481 new_collate(newlocale);
5482 Safefree(newlocale);
5485 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
5487 newlocale = savepv(do_setlocale_c(LC_NUMERIC, NULL));
5488 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5489 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
5490 setlocale_debug_string(LC_NUMERIC, NULL, newlocale)));
5491 new_numeric(newlocale);
5492 Safefree(newlocale);
5494 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
5496 return was_in_global_locale;
5502 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && defined(USE_LOCALE)
5505 S_setlocale_debug_string(const int category, /* category number,
5507 const char* const locale, /* locale name */
5509 /* return value from setlocale() when attempting to
5510 * set 'category' to 'locale' */
5511 const char* const retval)
5513 /* Returns a pointer to a NUL-terminated string in static storage with
5514 * added text about the info passed in. This is not thread safe and will
5515 * be overwritten by the next call, so this should be used just to
5516 * formulate a string to immediately print or savepv() on. */
5518 static char ret[256];
5520 my_strlcpy(ret, "setlocale(", sizeof(ret));
5521 my_strlcat(ret, category_name(category), sizeof(ret));
5522 my_strlcat(ret, ", ", sizeof(ret));
5525 my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret));
5526 my_strlcat(ret, locale, sizeof(ret));
5527 my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret));
5530 my_strlcat(ret, "NULL", sizeof(ret));
5533 my_strlcat(ret, ") returned ", sizeof(ret));
5536 my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret));
5537 my_strlcat(ret, retval, sizeof(ret));
5538 my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret));
5541 my_strlcat(ret, "NULL", sizeof(ret));
5544 assert(strlen(ret) < sizeof(ret));
5552 Perl_thread_locale_init()
5554 /* Called from a thread on startup*/
5556 #ifdef USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE
5560 /* C starts the new thread in the global C locale. If we are thread-safe,
5561 * we want to not be in the global locale */
5563 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
5564 "%s:%d: new thread, initial locale is %s; calling setlocale\n",
5565 __FILE__, __LINE__, setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL)));
5569 _configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
5573 Perl_setlocale(LC_ALL, "C");
5581 Perl_thread_locale_term()
5583 /* Called from a thread as it gets ready to terminate */
5585 #ifdef USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE
5587 /* C starts the new thread in the global C locale. If we are thread-safe,
5588 * we want to not be in the global locale */
5593 locale_t cur_obj = uselocale(LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE);
5594 if (cur_obj != LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE && cur_obj != PL_C_locale_obj) {
5595 freelocale(cur_obj);
5605 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: