6 our $VERSION = '2.020_02'; # patched in perl5.git
10 C<Socket> - networking constants and support functions
14 C<Socket> a low-level module used by, among other things, the L<IO::Socket>
15 family of modules. The following examples demonstrate some low-level uses but
16 a practical program would likely use the higher-level API provided by
17 C<IO::Socket> or similar instead.
19 use Socket qw(PF_INET SOCK_STREAM pack_sockaddr_in inet_aton);
21 socket(my $socket, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
24 my $port = getservbyname "echo", "tcp";
25 connect($socket, pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton("localhost")))
28 print $socket "Hello, world!\n";
31 See also the L</EXAMPLES> section.
35 This module provides a variety of constants, structure manipulators and other
36 functions related to socket-based networking. The values and functions
37 provided are useful when used in conjunction with Perl core functions such as
38 socket(), setsockopt() and bind(). It also provides several other support
39 functions, mostly for dealing with conversions of network addresses between
40 human-readable and native binary forms, and for hostname resolver operations.
42 Some constants and functions are exported by default by this module; but for
43 backward-compatibility any recently-added symbols are not exported by default
44 and must be requested explicitly. When an import list is provided to the
45 C<use Socket> line, the default exports are not automatically imported. It is
46 therefore best practice to always to explicitly list all the symbols required.
48 Also, some common socket "newline" constants are provided: the constants
49 C<CR>, C<LF>, and C<CRLF>, as well as C<$CR>, C<$LF>, and C<$CRLF>, which map
50 to C<\015>, C<\012>, and C<\015\012>. If you do not want to use the literal
51 characters in your programs, then use the constants provided here. They are
52 not exported by default, but can be imported individually, and with the
55 use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);
57 $sock->print("GET / HTTP/1.0$CRLF");
59 The entire getaddrinfo() subsystem can be exported using the tag C<:addrinfo>;
60 this exports the getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() functions, and all the
61 C<AI_*>, C<NI_*>, C<NIx_*> and C<EAI_*> constants.
67 In each of the following groups, there may be many more constants provided
68 than just the ones given as examples in the section heading. If the heading
69 ends C<...> then this means there are likely more; the exact constants
70 provided will depend on the OS and headers found at compile-time.
74 =head2 PF_INET, PF_INET6, PF_UNIX, ...
76 Protocol family constants to use as the first argument to socket() or the
77 value of the C<SO_DOMAIN> or C<SO_FAMILY> socket option.
79 =head2 AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, ...
81 Address family constants used by the socket address structures, to pass to
82 such functions as inet_pton() or getaddrinfo(), or are returned by such
83 functions as sockaddr_family().
85 =head2 SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, ...
87 Socket type constants to use as the second argument to socket(), or the value
88 of the C<SO_TYPE> socket option.
90 =head2 SOCK_NONBLOCK. SOCK_CLOEXEC
92 Linux-specific shortcuts to specify the C<O_NONBLOCK> and C<FD_CLOEXEC> flags
93 during a C<socket(2)> call.
95 socket( my $sockh, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0 )
99 Socket option level constant for setsockopt() and getsockopt().
101 =head2 SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_ERROR, ...
103 Socket option name constants for setsockopt() and getsockopt() at the
106 =head2 IP_OPTIONS, IP_TOS, IP_TTL, ...
108 Socket option name constants for IPv4 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IP>
111 =head2 IPTOS_LOWDELAY, IPTOS_THROUGHPUT, IPTOS_RELIABILITY, ...
113 Socket option value constants for C<IP_TOS> socket option.
115 =head2 MSG_BCAST, MSG_OOB, MSG_TRUNC, ...
117 Message flag constants for send() and recv().
119 =head2 SHUT_RD, SHUT_RDWR, SHUT_WR
121 Direction constants for shutdown().
123 =head2 INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE
125 Constants giving the special C<AF_INET> addresses for wildcard, broadcast,
126 local loopback, and invalid addresses.
128 Normally equivalent to inet_aton('0.0.0.0'), inet_aton('255.255.255.255'),
129 inet_aton('localhost') and inet_aton('255.255.255.255') respectively.
131 =head2 IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, ...
133 IP protocol constants to use as the third argument to socket(), the level
134 argument to getsockopt() or setsockopt(), or the value of the C<SO_PROTOCOL>
137 =head2 TCP_CORK, TCP_KEEPALIVE, TCP_NODELAY, ...
139 Socket option name constants for TCP socket options at the C<IPPROTO_TCP>
142 =head2 IN6ADDR_ANY, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
144 Constants giving the special C<AF_INET6> addresses for wildcard and local
147 Normally equivalent to inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::") and
148 inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::1") respectively.
150 =head2 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_MTU, IPV6_V6ONLY, ...
152 Socket option name constants for IPv6 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IPV6>
157 # Still undocumented: SCM_*, SOMAXCONN, IOV_MAX, UIO_MAXIOV
159 =head1 STRUCTURE MANIPULATORS
161 The following functions convert between lists of Perl values and packed binary
162 strings representing structures.
166 =head2 $family = sockaddr_family $sockaddr
168 Takes a packed socket address (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
169 pack_sockaddr_un() or the perl builtin functions getsockname() and
170 getpeername()). Returns the address family tag. This will be one of the
171 C<AF_*> constants, such as C<AF_INET> for a C<sockaddr_in> addresses or
172 C<AF_UNIX> for a C<sockaddr_un>. It can be used to figure out what unpack to
173 use for a sockaddr of unknown type.
175 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
177 Takes two arguments, a port number and an opaque string (as returned by
178 inet_aton(), or a v-string). Returns the C<sockaddr_in> structure with those
179 arguments packed in and C<AF_INET> filled in. For Internet domain sockets,
180 this structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(),
181 connect(), and send().
183 =head2 ($port, $ip_address) = unpack_sockaddr_in $sockaddr
185 Takes a C<sockaddr_in> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
186 getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of two elements: the port and an
187 opaque string representing the IP address (you can use inet_ntoa() to convert
188 the address to the four-dotted numeric format). Will croak if the structure
189 does not represent an C<AF_INET> address.
191 In scalar context will return just the IP address.
193 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
195 =head2 ($port, $ip_address) = sockaddr_in $sockaddr
197 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in(). In list context,
198 unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the port and IP address.
199 In scalar context, packs its port and IP address arguments as a C<sockaddr_in>
202 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
203 pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in() explicitly.
205 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
207 Takes two to four arguments, a port number, an opaque string (as returned by
208 inet_pton()), optionally a scope ID number, and optionally a flow label
209 number. Returns the C<sockaddr_in6> structure with those arguments packed in
210 and C<AF_INET6> filled in. IPv6 equivalent of pack_sockaddr_in().
212 =head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
214 Takes a C<sockaddr_in6> structure. Returns a list of four elements: the port
215 number, an opaque string representing the IPv6 address, the scope ID, and the
216 flow label. (You can use inet_ntop() to convert the address to the usual
217 string format). Will croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_INET6>
220 In scalar context will return just the IP address.
222 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
224 =head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
226 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In list context,
227 unpacks its argument according to unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In scalar context,
228 packs its arguments according to pack_sockaddr_in6().
230 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
231 pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6() explicitly.
233 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_un $path
235 Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the C<sockaddr_un> structure with that
236 path packed in with C<AF_UNIX> filled in. For C<PF_UNIX> sockets, this
237 structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(), connect(),
240 =head2 ($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un $sockaddr
242 Takes a C<sockaddr_un> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_un(),
243 getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of one element: the pathname. Will
244 croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_UNIX> address.
246 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_un $path
248 =head2 ($path) = sockaddr_un $sockaddr
250 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un(). In a list context,
251 unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the pathname. In a
252 scalar context, packs its pathname as a C<sockaddr_un> and returns it.
254 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
255 pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un() explicitly.
257 These are only supported if your system has E<lt>F<sys/un.h>E<gt>.
259 =head2 $ip_mreq = pack_ip_mreq $multiaddr, $interface
261 Takes an IPv4 multicast address and optionally an interface address (or
262 C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq> structure with those arguments packed
263 in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP>
266 =head2 ($multiaddr, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq $ip_mreq
268 Takes an C<ip_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv4
269 multicast address and interface address.
271 =head2 $ip_mreq_source = pack_ip_mreq_source $multiaddr, $source, $interface
273 Takes an IPv4 multicast address, source address, and optionally an interface
274 address (or C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq_source> structure with those
275 arguments packed in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP>
276 and C<IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
278 =head2 ($multiaddr, $source, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq_source $ip_mreq
280 Takes an C<ip_mreq_source> structure. Returns a list of three elements; the
281 IPv4 multicast address, source address and interface address.
283 =head2 $ipv6_mreq = pack_ipv6_mreq $multiaddr6, $ifindex
285 Takes an IPv6 multicast address and an interface number. Returns the
286 C<ipv6_mreq> structure with those arguments packed in. Suitable for use with
287 the C<IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
289 =head2 ($multiaddr6, $ifindex) = unpack_ipv6_mreq $ipv6_mreq
291 Takes an C<ipv6_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv6
292 address and an interface number.
300 =head2 $ip_address = inet_aton $string
302 Takes a string giving the name of a host, or a textual representation of an IP
303 address and translates that to an packed binary address structure suitable to
304 pass to pack_sockaddr_in(). If passed a hostname that cannot be resolved,
305 returns C<undef>. For multi-homed hosts (hosts with more than one address),
306 the first address found is returned.
308 For portability do not assume that the result of inet_aton() is 32 bits wide,
309 in other words, that it would contain only the IPv4 address in network order.
311 This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
312 code should use getaddrinfo() or inet_pton() instead for IPv6 support.
314 =head2 $string = inet_ntoa $ip_address
316 Takes a packed binary address structure such as returned by
317 unpack_sockaddr_in() (or a v-string representing the four octets of the IPv4
318 address in network order) and translates it into a string of the form
319 C<d.d.d.d> where the C<d>s are numbers less than 256 (the normal
320 human-readable four dotted number notation for Internet addresses).
322 This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
323 code should use getnameinfo() or inet_ntop() instead for IPv6 support.
325 =head2 $address = inet_pton $family, $string
327 Takes an address family (such as C<AF_INET> or C<AF_INET6>) and a string
328 containing a textual representation of an address in that family and
329 translates that to an packed binary address structure.
331 See also getaddrinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to look up
332 socket addresses given hostnames or textual addresses.
334 =head2 $string = inet_ntop $family, $address
336 Takes an address family and a packed binary address structure and translates
337 it into a human-readable textual representation of the address; typically in
338 C<d.d.d.d> form for C<AF_INET> or C<hhhh:hhhh::hhhh> form for C<AF_INET6>.
340 See also getnameinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to turn
341 socket addresses into human-readable textual representations.
343 =head2 ($err, @result) = getaddrinfo $host, $service, [$hints]
345 Given both a hostname and service name, this function attempts to resolve the
346 host name into a list of network addresses, and the service name into a
347 protocol and port number, and then returns a list of address structures
348 suitable to connect() to it.
350 Given just a host name, this function attempts to resolve it to a list of
351 network addresses, and then returns a list of address structures giving these
354 Given just a service name, this function attempts to resolve it to a protocol
355 and port number, and then returns a list of address structures that represent
356 it suitable to bind() to. This use should be combined with the C<AI_PASSIVE>
359 Given neither name, it generates an error.
361 If present, $hints should be a reference to a hash, where the following keys
368 A bitfield containing C<AI_*> constants; see below.
372 Restrict to only generating addresses in this address family
374 =item socktype => INT
376 Restrict to only generating addresses of this socket type
378 =item protocol => INT
380 Restrict to only generating addresses for this protocol
384 The return value will be a list; the first value being an error indication,
385 followed by a list of address structures (if no error occurred).
387 The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EI_*> error constants,
388 or printable as a human-readable error message string. If no error occurred it
389 will be zero numerically and an empty string.
391 Each value in the results list will be a hash reference containing the following
398 The address family (e.g. C<AF_INET>)
400 =item socktype => INT
402 The socket type (e.g. C<SOCK_STREAM>)
404 =item protocol => INT
406 The protocol (e.g. C<IPPROTO_TCP>)
410 The address in a packed string (such as would be returned by
413 =item canonname => STRING
415 The canonical name for the host if the C<AI_CANONNAME> flag was provided, or
416 C<undef> otherwise. This field will only be present on the first returned
421 The following flag constants are recognised in the $hints hash. Other flag
422 constants may exist as provided by the OS.
428 Indicates that this resolution is for a local bind() for a passive (i.e.
429 listening) socket, rather than an active (i.e. connecting) socket.
433 Indicates that the caller wishes the canonical hostname (C<canonname>) field
434 of the result to be filled in.
438 Indicates that the caller will pass a numeric address, rather than a hostname,
439 and that getaddrinfo() must not perform a resolve operation on this name. This
440 flag will prevent a possibly-slow network lookup operation, and instead return
441 an error if a hostname is passed.
445 =head2 ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo $sockaddr, [$flags, [$xflags]]
447 Given a packed socket address (such as from getsockname(), getpeername(), or
448 returned by getaddrinfo() in a C<addr> field), returns the hostname and
449 symbolic service name it represents. $flags may be a bitmask of C<NI_*>
450 constants, or defaults to 0 if unspecified.
452 The return value will be a list; the first value being an error condition,
453 followed by the hostname and service name.
455 The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EI_*> error constants,
456 or printable as a human-readable error message string. The host and service
457 names will be plain strings.
459 The following flag constants are recognised as $flags. Other flag constants may
460 exist as provided by the OS.
466 Requests that a human-readable string representation of the numeric address be
467 returned directly, rather than performing a name resolve operation that may
468 convert it into a hostname. This will also avoid potentially-blocking network
473 Requests that the port number be returned directly as a number representation
474 rather than performing a name resolve operation that may convert it into a
479 If a name resolve operation fails to provide a name, then this flag will cause
480 getnameinfo() to indicate an error, rather than returning the numeric
481 representation as a human-readable string.
485 Indicates that the socket address relates to a C<SOCK_DGRAM> socket, for the
486 services whose name differs between TCP and UDP protocols.
490 The following constants may be supplied as $xflags.
496 Indicates that the caller is not interested in the hostname of the result, so
497 it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the hostname.
501 Indicates that the caller is not interested in the service name of the result,
502 so it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the service
507 =head1 getaddrinfo() / getnameinfo() ERROR CONSTANTS
509 The following constants may be returned by getaddrinfo() or getnameinfo().
510 Others may be provided by the OS.
516 A temporary failure occurred during name resolution. The operation may be
517 successful if it is retried later.
521 The value of the C<flags> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the $flags parameter to
522 getnameinfo() contains unrecognised flags.
526 The C<family> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the family of the socket address
527 passed to getnameinfo() is not supported.
531 The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() did not provide any usable address
536 The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() does not exist, or the address
537 supplied to getnameinfo() is not associated with a host name and the
538 C<NI_NAMEREQD> flag was supplied.
542 The service name supplied to getaddrinfo() is not available for the socket
543 type given in the $hints.
551 =head2 Lookup for connect()
553 The getaddrinfo() function converts a hostname and a service name into a list
554 of structures, each containing a potential way to connect() to the named
555 service on the named host.
558 use Socket qw(SOCK_STREAM getaddrinfo);
560 my %hints = (socktype => SOCK_STREAM);
561 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo("localhost", "echo", \%hints);
562 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
566 foreach my $ai (@res) {
567 my $candidate = IO::Socket->new();
569 $candidate->socket($ai->{family}, $ai->{socktype}, $ai->{protocol})
572 $candidate->connect($ai->{addr})
579 die "Cannot connect to localhost:echo" unless $sock;
581 $sock->print("Hello, world!\n");
584 Because a list of potential candidates is returned, the C<while> loop tries
585 each in turn until it finds one that succeeds both the socket() and connect()
588 This function performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname(),
589 getservbyname(), inet_aton() and pack_sockaddr_in().
591 In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
593 =head2 Making a human-readable string out of an address
595 The getnameinfo() function converts a socket address, such as returned by
596 getsockname() or getpeername(), into a pair of human-readable strings
597 representing the address and service name.
600 use Socket qw(getnameinfo);
602 my $server = IO::Socket::IP->new(LocalPort => 12345, Listen => 1) or
603 die "Cannot listen - $@";
605 my $socket = $server->accept or die "accept: $!";
607 my ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo($socket->peername);
608 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
610 print "The peer is connected from $hostname\n";
612 Since in this example only the hostname was used, the redundant conversion of
613 the port number into a service name may be omitted by passing the
616 use Socket qw(getnameinfo NIx_NOSERV);
618 my ($err, $hostname) = getnameinfo($socket->peername, 0, NIx_NOSERV);
620 This function performs the work of the legacy functions unpack_sockaddr_in(),
621 inet_ntoa(), gethostbyaddr() and getservbyport().
623 In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
625 =head2 Resolving hostnames into IP addresses
627 To turn a hostname into a human-readable plain IP address use getaddrinfo()
628 to turn the hostname into a list of socket structures, then getnameinfo() on
629 each one to make it a readable IP address again.
631 use Socket qw(:addrinfo SOCK_RAW);
633 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo($hostname, "", {socktype => SOCK_RAW});
634 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
636 while( my $ai = shift @res ) {
637 my ($err, $ipaddr) = getnameinfo($ai->{addr}, NI_NUMERICHOST, NIx_NOSERV);
638 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
643 The C<socktype> hint to getaddrinfo() filters the results to only include one
644 socket type and protocol. Without this most OSes return three combinations,
645 for C<SOCK_STREAM>, C<SOCK_DGRAM> and C<SOCK_RAW>, resulting in triplicate
646 output of addresses. The C<NI_NUMERICHOST> flag to getnameinfo() causes it to
647 return a string-formatted plain IP address, rather than reverse resolving it
648 back into a hostname.
650 This combination performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname()
653 =head2 Accessing socket options
655 The many C<SO_*> and other constants provide the socket option names for
656 getsockopt() and setsockopt().
658 use IO::Socket::INET;
659 use Socket qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_RCVBUF IPPROTO_IP IP_TTL);
661 my $socket = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalPort => 0, Proto => 'udp')
662 or die "Cannot create socket: $@";
664 $socket->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 64*1024) or
665 die "setsockopt: $!";
667 print "Receive buffer is ", $socket->getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF),
670 print "IP TTL is ", $socket->getsockopt(IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL), "\n";
672 As a convenience, L<IO::Socket>'s setsockopt() method will convert a number
673 into a packed byte buffer, and getsockopt() will unpack a byte buffer of the
674 correct size back into a number.
680 This module was originally maintained in Perl core by the Perl 5 Porters.
682 It was extracted to dual-life on CPAN at version 1.95 by
683 Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
688 use warnings::register;
692 our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
694 # <@Nicholas> you can't change @EXPORT without breaking the implicit API
695 # Please put any new constants in @EXPORT_OK!
697 # List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
698 # consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
700 PF_802 PF_AAL PF_APPLETALK PF_CCITT PF_CHAOS PF_CTF PF_DATAKIT
701 PF_DECnet PF_DLI PF_ECMA PF_GOSIP PF_HYLINK PF_IMPLINK PF_INET PF_INET6
702 PF_ISO PF_KEY PF_LAST PF_LAT PF_LINK PF_MAX PF_NBS PF_NIT PF_NS PF_OSI
703 PF_OSINET PF_PUP PF_ROUTE PF_SNA PF_UNIX PF_UNSPEC PF_USER PF_WAN
706 AF_802 AF_AAL AF_APPLETALK AF_CCITT AF_CHAOS AF_CTF AF_DATAKIT
707 AF_DECnet AF_DLI AF_ECMA AF_GOSIP AF_HYLINK AF_IMPLINK AF_INET AF_INET6
708 AF_ISO AF_KEY AF_LAST AF_LAT AF_LINK AF_MAX AF_NBS AF_NIT AF_NS AF_OSI
709 AF_OSINET AF_PUP AF_ROUTE AF_SNA AF_UNIX AF_UNSPEC AF_USER AF_WAN
712 SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_RAW SOCK_RDM SOCK_SEQPACKET SOCK_STREAM
716 SO_ACCEPTCONN SO_ATTACH_FILTER SO_BACKLOG SO_BROADCAST SO_CHAMELEON
717 SO_DEBUG SO_DETACH_FILTER SO_DGRAM_ERRIND SO_DOMAIN SO_DONTLINGER
718 SO_DONTROUTE SO_ERROR SO_FAMILY SO_KEEPALIVE SO_LINGER SO_OOBINLINE
719 SO_PASSCRED SO_PASSIFNAME SO_PEERCRED SO_PROTOCOL SO_PROTOTYPE
720 SO_RCVBUF SO_RCVLOWAT SO_RCVTIMEO SO_REUSEADDR SO_REUSEPORT
721 SO_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_NETWORK
722 SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_TRANSPORT SO_SNDBUF SO_SNDLOWAT SO_SNDTIMEO
723 SO_STATE SO_TYPE SO_USELOOPBACK SO_XOPEN SO_XSE
725 IP_OPTIONS IP_HDRINCL IP_TOS IP_TTL IP_RECVOPTS IP_RECVRETOPTS
728 MSG_BCAST MSG_BTAG MSG_CTLFLAGS MSG_CTLIGNORE MSG_CTRUNC MSG_DONTROUTE
729 MSG_DONTWAIT MSG_EOF MSG_EOR MSG_ERRQUEUE MSG_ETAG MSG_FIN
730 MSG_MAXIOVLEN MSG_MCAST MSG_NOSIGNAL MSG_OOB MSG_PEEK MSG_PROXY MSG_RST
731 MSG_SYN MSG_TRUNC MSG_URG MSG_WAITALL MSG_WIRE
733 SHUT_RD SHUT_RDWR SHUT_WR
735 INADDR_ANY INADDR_BROADCAST INADDR_LOOPBACK INADDR_NONE
737 SCM_CONNECT SCM_CREDENTIALS SCM_CREDS SCM_RIGHTS SCM_TIMESTAMP
745 pack_sockaddr_in unpack_sockaddr_in sockaddr_in
746 pack_sockaddr_in6 unpack_sockaddr_in6 sockaddr_in6
747 pack_sockaddr_un unpack_sockaddr_un sockaddr_un
752 # List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
753 # consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
755 CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF
757 SOCK_NONBLOCK SOCK_CLOEXEC
759 IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP
760 IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_MULTICAST_IF IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
763 IPPROTO_IP IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_RAW IPPROTO_ICMP IPPROTO_IGMP
764 IPPROTO_TCP IPPROTO_UDP IPPROTO_GRE IPPROTO_ESP IPPROTO_AH
767 IPTOS_LOWDELAY IPTOS_THROUGHPUT IPTOS_RELIABILITY IPTOS_MINCOST
769 TCP_CONGESTION TCP_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT TCP_CORK TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT TCP_INFO
770 TCP_INIT_CWND TCP_KEEPALIVE TCP_KEEPCNT TCP_KEEPIDLE TCP_KEEPINTVL
771 TCP_LINGER2 TCP_MAXRT TCP_MAXSEG TCP_MD5SIG TCP_NODELAY TCP_NOOPT
772 TCP_NOPUSH TCP_QUICKACK TCP_SACK_ENABLE TCP_STDURG TCP_SYNCNT
775 IN6ADDR_ANY IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
777 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_JOIN_GROUP
778 IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP IPV6_MTU IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS
779 IPV6_MULTICAST_IF IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS IPV6_V6ONLY
781 pack_ip_mreq unpack_ip_mreq pack_ip_mreq_source unpack_ip_mreq_source
783 pack_ipv6_mreq unpack_ipv6_mreq
787 getaddrinfo getnameinfo
789 AI_ADDRCONFIG AI_ALL AI_CANONIDN AI_CANONNAME AI_IDN
790 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES AI_NUMERICHOST
791 AI_NUMERICSERV AI_PASSIVE AI_V4MAPPED
793 NI_DGRAM NI_IDN NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES
794 NI_NAMEREQD NI_NOFQDN NI_NUMERICHOST NI_NUMERICSERV
796 NIx_NOHOST NIx_NOSERV
798 EAI_ADDRFAMILY EAI_AGAIN EAI_BADFLAGS EAI_BADHINTS EAI_FAIL EAI_FAMILY
799 EAI_NODATA EAI_NONAME EAI_PROTOCOL EAI_SERVICE EAI_SOCKTYPE EAI_SYSTEM
803 crlf => [qw(CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF)],
804 addrinfo => [qw(getaddrinfo getnameinfo), grep m/^(?:AI|NI|NIx|EAI)_/, @EXPORT_OK],
805 all => [@EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK],
811 sub CRLF () {"\015\012"}
813 # These are not gni() constants; they're extensions for the perl API
814 # The definitions in Socket.pm and Socket.xs must match
815 sub NIx_NOHOST() {1 << 0}
816 sub NIx_NOSERV() {1 << 1}
824 if (@_ == 6 && !wantarray) { # perl5.001m compat; use this && die
825 my($af, $port, @quad) = @_;
826 warnings::warn "6-ARG sockaddr_in call is deprecated"
827 if warnings::enabled();
828 pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton(join('.', @quad)));
829 } elsif (wantarray) {
830 croak "usage: (port,iaddr) = sockaddr_in(sin_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
831 unpack_sockaddr_in(@_);
833 croak "usage: sin_sv = sockaddr_in(port,iaddr))" unless @_ == 2;
834 pack_sockaddr_in(@_);
840 croak "usage: (port,in6addr,scope_id,flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6(sin6_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
841 unpack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
844 croak "usage: sin6_sv = sockaddr_in6(port,in6addr,[scope_id,[flowinfo]])" unless @_ >= 2 and @_ <= 4;
845 pack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
851 croak "usage: (filename) = sockaddr_un(sun_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
852 unpack_sockaddr_un(@_);
854 croak "usage: sun_sv = sockaddr_un(filename)" unless @_ == 1;
855 pack_sockaddr_un(@_);
859 XSLoader::load(__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
863 if( defined &getaddrinfo ) {
864 # These are not part of the API, nothing uses them, and deleting them
865 # reduces the size of %Socket:: by about 12K
866 delete $Socket::{fake_getaddrinfo};
867 delete $Socket::{fake_getnameinfo};
869 require Scalar::Util;
871 *getaddrinfo = \&fake_getaddrinfo;
872 *getnameinfo = \&fake_getnameinfo;
874 # These numbers borrowed from GNU libc's implementation, but since
875 # they're only used by our emulation, it doesn't matter if the real
876 # platform's values differ
884 # RFC 2553 doesn't define this but Linux does - lets be nice and
885 # provide it since we can
886 AI_NUMERICSERV => 1024,
900 # Constants we don't support. Export them, but croak if anyone tries to
904 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 256,
905 AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 512,
907 NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 64,
908 NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 128,
910 # Error constants we'll never return, so it doesn't matter what value
911 # these have, nor that we don't provide strings for them
913 EAI_BADHINTS => -1000,
914 EAI_PROTOCOL => -1001
917 foreach my $name ( keys %constants ) {
918 my $value = $constants{$name};
921 defined &$name or *$name = sub () { $value };
925 # These strings from RFC 2553
926 EAI_BADFLAGS() => "invalid value for ai_flags",
927 EAI_NONAME() => "nodename nor servname provided, or not known",
928 EAI_NODATA() => "no address associated with nodename",
929 EAI_FAMILY() => "ai_family not supported",
930 EAI_SERVICE() => "servname not supported for ai_socktype",
934 # The following functions are used if the system does not have a
935 # getaddrinfo(3) function in libc; and are used to emulate it for the AF_INET
938 # Borrowed from Regexp::Common::net
939 my $REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL = qr/25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}/;
940 my $REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD = qr/$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL/;
945 my $errstr = $errno == 0 ? "" : ( $errstr{$errno} || $errno );
946 return Scalar::Util::dualvar( $errno, $errstr );
951 my ( $node, $service, $hints ) = @_;
953 $node = "" unless defined $node;
955 $service = "" unless defined $service;
957 my ( $family, $socktype, $protocol, $flags ) = @$hints{qw( family socktype protocol flags )};
959 $family ||= Socket::AF_INET(); # 0 == AF_UNSPEC, which we want too
960 $family == Socket::AF_INET() or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
968 my $flag_passive = $flags & AI_PASSIVE(); $flags &= ~AI_PASSIVE();
969 my $flag_canonname = $flags & AI_CANONNAME(); $flags &= ~AI_CANONNAME();
970 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & AI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICHOST();
971 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & AI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICSERV();
973 # These constants don't apply to AF_INET-only lookups, so we might as well
974 # just ignore them. For AI_ADDRCONFIG we just presume the host has ability
975 # to talk AF_INET. If not we'd have to return no addresses at all. :)
976 $flags &= ~(AI_V4MAPPED()|AI_ALL()|AI_ADDRCONFIG());
978 $flags & (AI_IDN()|AI_CANONIDN()|AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
979 croak "Socket::getaddrinfo() does not support IDN";
981 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
983 $node eq "" and $service eq "" and return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
988 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numerichost and $node !~ m/^$REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD$/ );
989 ( $canonname, undef, undef, undef, @addrs ) = gethostbyname( $node );
990 defined $canonname or return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
992 undef $canonname unless $flag_canonname;
995 $addrs[0] = $flag_passive ? Socket::inet_aton( "0.0.0.0" )
996 : Socket::inet_aton( "127.0.0.1" );
999 my @ports; # Actually ARRAYrefs of [ socktype, protocol, port ]
1002 $protname = eval { getprotobynumber( $protocol ) };
1005 if( $service ne "" and $service !~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1006 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numericserv );
1007 getservbyname( $service, $protname ) or return fake_makeerr( EAI_SERVICE() );
1010 foreach my $this_socktype ( Socket::SOCK_STREAM(), Socket::SOCK_DGRAM(), Socket::SOCK_RAW() ) {
1011 next if $socktype and $this_socktype != $socktype;
1013 my $this_protname = "raw";
1014 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_STREAM() and $this_protname = "tcp";
1015 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_DGRAM() and $this_protname = "udp";
1017 next if $protname and $this_protname ne $protname;
1020 if( $service ne "" ) {
1021 if( $service =~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1025 ( undef, undef, $port, $this_protname ) = getservbyname( $service, $this_protname );
1026 next unless defined $port;
1033 push @ports, [ $this_socktype, eval { scalar getprotobyname( $this_protname ) } || 0, $port ];
1037 foreach my $addr ( @addrs ) {
1038 foreach my $portspec ( @ports ) {
1039 my ( $socktype, $protocol, $port ) = @$portspec;
1042 socktype => $socktype,
1043 protocol => $protocol,
1044 addr => Socket::pack_sockaddr_in( $port, $addr ),
1050 # Only supply canonname for the first result
1051 if( defined $canonname ) {
1052 $ret[0]->{canonname} = $canonname;
1055 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), @ret );
1058 sub fake_getnameinfo
1060 my ( $addr, $flags, $xflags ) = @_;
1062 my ( $port, $inetaddr );
1063 eval { ( $port, $inetaddr ) = Socket::unpack_sockaddr_in( $addr ) }
1064 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
1066 my $family = Socket::AF_INET();
1070 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & NI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICHOST();
1071 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & NI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICSERV();
1072 my $flag_nofqdn = $flags & NI_NOFQDN(); $flags &= ~NI_NOFQDN();
1073 my $flag_namereqd = $flags & NI_NAMEREQD(); $flags &= ~NI_NAMEREQD();
1074 my $flag_dgram = $flags & NI_DGRAM() ; $flags &= ~NI_DGRAM();
1076 $flags & (NI_IDN()|NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
1077 croak "Socket::getnameinfo() does not support IDN";
1079 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
1084 if( $xflags & NIx_NOHOST ) {
1087 elsif( $flag_numerichost ) {
1088 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1091 $node = gethostbyaddr( $inetaddr, $family );
1092 if( !defined $node ) {
1093 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if $flag_namereqd;
1094 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1096 elsif( $flag_nofqdn ) {
1097 my ( $shortname ) = split m/\./, $node;
1098 my ( $fqdn ) = gethostbyname $shortname;
1099 $node = $shortname if defined $fqdn and $fqdn eq $node;
1104 if( $xflags & NIx_NOSERV ) {
1107 elsif( $flag_numericserv ) {
1111 my $protname = $flag_dgram ? "udp" : "";
1112 $service = getservbyport( $port, $protname );
1113 if( !defined $service ) {
1118 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), $node, $service );