5 use warnings::register;
11 # Modified to ensure sub-directory traversal order is not inverted by stack
12 # push and pops. That is remains in the same order as in the directory file,
13 # or user pre-processing (EG:sorted).
18 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
23 find(\&wanted, @directories_to_search);
27 finddepth(\&wanted, @directories_to_search);
31 find({ wanted => \&process, follow => 1 }, '.');
35 These are functions for searching through directory trees doing work
36 on each file found similar to the Unix I<find> command. File::Find
37 exports two functions, C<find> and C<finddepth>. They work similarly
38 but have subtle differences.
44 find(\&wanted, @directories);
45 find(\%options, @directories);
47 C<find()> does a depth-first search over the given C<@directories> in
48 the order they are given. For each file or directory found, it calls
49 the C<&wanted> subroutine. (See below for details on how to use the
50 C<&wanted> function). Additionally, for each directory found, it will
51 C<chdir()> into that directory and continue the search, invoking the
52 C<&wanted> function on each file or subdirectory in the directory.
56 finddepth(\&wanted, @directories);
57 finddepth(\%options, @directories);
59 C<finddepth()> works just like C<find()> except that it invokes the
60 C<&wanted> function for a directory I<after> invoking it for the
61 directory's contents. It does a postorder traversal instead of a
62 preorder traversal, working from the bottom of the directory tree up
63 where C<find()> works from the top of the tree down.
69 The first argument to C<find()> is either a code reference to your
70 C<&wanted> function, or a hash reference describing the operations
71 to be performed for each file. The
72 code reference is described in L<The wanted function> below.
74 Here are the possible keys for the hash:
80 The value should be a code reference. This code reference is
81 described in L<The wanted function> below. The C<&wanted> subroutine is
86 Reports the name of a directory only AFTER all its entries
87 have been reported. Entry point C<finddepth()> is a shortcut for
88 specifying C<< { bydepth => 1 } >> in the first argument of C<find()>.
92 The value should be a code reference. This code reference is used to
93 preprocess the current directory. The name of the currently processed
94 directory is in C<$File::Find::dir>. Your preprocessing function is
95 called after C<readdir()>, but before the loop that calls the C<wanted()>
96 function. It is called with a list of strings (actually file/directory
97 names) and is expected to return a list of strings. The code can be
98 used to sort the file/directory names alphabetically, numerically,
99 or to filter out directory entries based on their name alone. When
100 I<follow> or I<follow_fast> are in effect, C<preprocess> is a no-op.
104 The value should be a code reference. It is invoked just before leaving
105 the currently processed directory. It is called in void context with no
106 arguments. The name of the current directory is in C<$File::Find::dir>. This
107 hook is handy for summarizing a directory, such as calculating its disk
108 usage. When I<follow> or I<follow_fast> are in effect, C<postprocess> is a
113 Causes symbolic links to be followed. Since directory trees with symbolic
114 links (followed) may contain files more than once and may even have
115 cycles, a hash has to be built up with an entry for each file.
116 This might be expensive both in space and time for a large
117 directory tree. See L</follow_fast> and L</follow_skip> below.
118 If either I<follow> or I<follow_fast> is in effect:
124 It is guaranteed that an I<lstat> has been called before the user's
125 C<wanted()> function is called. This enables fast file checks involving S<_>.
126 Note that this guarantee no longer holds if I<follow> or I<follow_fast>
131 There is a variable C<$File::Find::fullname> which holds the absolute
132 pathname of the file with all symbolic links resolved. If the link is
133 a dangling symbolic link, then fullname will be set to C<undef>.
137 This is a no-op on Win32.
141 This is similar to I<follow> except that it may report some files more
142 than once. It does detect cycles, however. Since only symbolic links
143 have to be hashed, this is much cheaper both in space and time. If
144 processing a file more than once (by the user's C<wanted()> function)
145 is worse than just taking time, the option I<follow> should be used.
147 This is also a no-op on Win32.
151 C<follow_skip==1>, which is the default, causes all files which are
152 neither directories nor symbolic links to be ignored if they are about
153 to be processed a second time. If a directory or a symbolic link
154 are about to be processed a second time, File::Find dies.
156 C<follow_skip==0> causes File::Find to die if any file is about to be
157 processed a second time.
159 C<follow_skip==2> causes File::Find to ignore any duplicate files and
160 directories but to proceed normally otherwise.
162 =item C<dangling_symlinks>
164 If true and a code reference, will be called with the symbolic link
165 name and the directory it lives in as arguments. Otherwise, if true
166 and warnings are on, warning "symbolic_link_name is a dangling
167 symbolic link\n" will be issued. If false, the dangling symbolic link
168 will be silently ignored.
172 Does not C<chdir()> to each directory as it recurses. The C<wanted()>
173 function will need to be aware of this, of course. In this case,
174 C<$_> will be the same as C<$File::Find::name>.
178 If find is used in taint-mode (-T command line switch or if EUID != UID
179 or if EGID != GID) then internally directory names have to be untainted
180 before they can be chdir'ed to. Therefore they are checked against a regular
181 expression I<untaint_pattern>. Note that all names passed to the user's
182 I<wanted()> function are still tainted. If this option is used while
183 not in taint-mode, C<untaint> is a no-op.
185 =item C<untaint_pattern>
187 See above. This should be set using the C<qr> quoting operator.
188 The default is set to C<qr|^([-+@\w./]+)$|>.
189 Note that the parentheses are vital.
191 =item C<untaint_skip>
193 If set, a directory which fails the I<untaint_pattern> is skipped,
194 including all its sub-directories. The default is to 'die' in such a case.
198 =head2 The wanted function
200 The C<wanted()> function does whatever verifications you want on
201 each file and directory. Note that despite its name, the C<wanted()>
202 function is a generic callback function, and does B<not> tell
203 File::Find if a file is "wanted" or not. In fact, its return value
206 The wanted function takes no arguments but rather does its work
207 through a collection of variables.
211 =item C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,
213 =item C<$_> is the current filename within that directory
215 =item C<$File::Find::name> is the complete pathname to the file.
219 The above variables have all been localized and may be changed without
220 affecting data outside of the wanted function.
222 For example, when examining the file F</some/path/foo.ext> you will have:
224 $File::Find::dir = /some/path/
226 $File::Find::name = /some/path/foo.ext
228 You are chdir()'d to C<$File::Find::dir> when the function is called,
229 unless C<no_chdir> was specified. Note that when changing to
230 directories is in effect the root directory (F</>) is a somewhat
231 special case inasmuch as the concatenation of C<$File::Find::dir>,
232 C<'/'> and C<$_> is not literally equal to C<$File::Find::name>. The
233 table below summarizes all variants:
235 $File::Find::name $File::Find::dir $_
237 no_chdir=>0 /etc / etc
245 When C<follow> or C<follow_fast> are in effect, there is
246 also a C<$File::Find::fullname>. The function may set
247 C<$File::Find::prune> to prune the tree unless C<bydepth> was
248 specified. Unless C<follow> or C<follow_fast> is specified, for
249 compatibility reasons (find.pl, find2perl) there are in addition the
250 following globals available: C<$File::Find::topdir>,
251 C<$File::Find::topdev>, C<$File::Find::topino>,
252 C<$File::Find::topmode> and C<$File::Find::topnlink>.
254 This library is useful for the C<find2perl> tool, which when fed,
256 find2perl / -name .nfs\* -mtime +7 \
257 -exec rm -f {} \; -o -fstype nfs -prune
259 produces something like:
263 (($dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid) = lstat($_)) &&
267 ($nlink || (($dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid) = lstat($_))) &&
269 ($File::Find::prune = 1);
272 Notice the C<_> in the above C<int(-M _)>: the C<_> is a magical
273 filehandle that caches the information from the preceding
274 C<stat()>, C<lstat()>, or filetest.
276 Here's another interesting wanted function. It will find all symbolic
277 links that don't resolve:
280 -l && !-e && print "bogus link: $File::Find::name\n";
283 Note that you may mix directories and (non-directory) files in the list of
284 directories to be searched by the C<wanted()> function.
286 find(\&wanted, "./foo", "./bar", "./baz/epsilon");
288 In the example above, no file in F<./baz/> other than F<./baz/epsilon> will be
289 evaluated by C<wanted()>.
291 See also the script C<pfind> on CPAN for a nice application of this
296 If you run your program with the C<-w> switch, or if you use the
297 C<warnings> pragma, File::Find will report warnings for several weird
298 situations. You can disable these warnings by putting the statement
300 no warnings 'File::Find';
302 in the appropriate scope. See L<perllexwarn> for more info about lexical
309 =item $dont_use_nlink
311 You can set the variable C<$File::Find::dont_use_nlink> to 1, if you want to
312 force File::Find to always stat directories. This was used for file systems
313 that do not have an C<nlink> count matching the number of sub-directories.
314 Examples are ISO-9660 (CD-ROM), AFS, HPFS (OS/2 file system), FAT (DOS file
315 system) and a couple of others.
317 You shouldn't need to set this variable, since File::Find should now detect
318 such file systems on-the-fly and switch itself to using stat. This works even
319 for parts of your file system, like a mounted CD-ROM.
321 If you do set C<$File::Find::dont_use_nlink> to 1, you will notice slow-downs.
325 Be aware that the option to follow symbolic links can be dangerous.
326 Depending on the structure of the directory tree (including symbolic
327 links to directories) you might traverse a given (physical) directory
328 more than once (only if C<follow_fast> is in effect).
329 Furthermore, deleting or changing files in a symbolically linked directory
330 might cause very unpleasant surprises, since you delete or change files
331 in an unknown directory.
335 =head1 BUGS AND CAVEATS
337 Despite the name of the C<finddepth()> function, both C<find()> and
338 C<finddepth()> perform a depth-first search of the directory
343 File::Find used to produce incorrect results if called recursively.
344 During the development of perl 5.8 this bug was fixed.
345 The first fixed version of File::Find was 1.01.
353 our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
354 our @EXPORT = qw(find finddepth);
361 require File::Basename;
364 # Should ideally be my() not our() but local() currently
365 # refuses to operate on lexicals
368 our ($wanted_callback, $avoid_nlink, $bydepth, $no_chdir, $follow,
369 $follow_skip, $full_check, $untaint, $untaint_skip, $untaint_pat,
370 $pre_process, $post_process, $dangling_symlinks);
375 return substr($cdir,0,rindex($cdir,'/')) if $fn eq $File::Find::current_dir;
377 $cdir = substr($cdir,0,rindex($cdir,'/')+1);
381 my $abs_name= $cdir . $fn;
383 if (substr($fn,0,3) eq '../') {
384 1 while $abs_name =~ s!/[^/]*/\.\./+!/!;
390 sub PathCombine($$) {
391 my ($Base,$Name) = @_;
394 if (substr($Name,0,1) eq '/') {
398 $AbsName= contract_name($Base,$Name);
401 # (simple) check for recursion
402 my $newlen= length($AbsName);
403 if ($newlen <= length($Base)) {
404 if (($newlen == length($Base) || substr($Base,$newlen,1) eq '/')
405 && $AbsName eq substr($Base,0,$newlen))
413 sub Follow_SymLink($) {
416 my ($NewName,$DEV, $INO);
417 ($DEV, $INO)= lstat $AbsName;
420 if ($SLnkSeen{$DEV, $INO}++) {
421 if ($follow_skip < 2) {
422 die "$AbsName is encountered a second time";
428 $NewName= PathCombine($AbsName, readlink($AbsName));
429 unless(defined $NewName) {
430 if ($follow_skip < 2) {
431 die "$AbsName is a recursive symbolic link";
440 ($DEV, $INO) = lstat($AbsName);
441 return undef unless defined $DEV; # dangling symbolic link
444 if ($full_check && defined $DEV && $SLnkSeen{$DEV, $INO}++) {
445 if ( ($follow_skip < 1) || ((-d _) && ($follow_skip < 2)) ) {
446 die "$AbsName encountered a second time";
456 our($dir, $name, $fullname, $prune);
457 sub _find_dir_symlnk($$$);
460 # check whether or not a scalar variable is tainted
461 # (code straight from the Camel, 3rd ed., page 561)
464 my $nada = substr($arg, 0, 0); # zero-length
466 eval { eval "# $nada" };
467 return length($@) != 0;
472 die "invalid top directory" unless defined $_[0];
474 # This function must local()ize everything because callbacks may
475 # call find() or finddepth()
478 local ($wanted_callback, $avoid_nlink, $bydepth, $no_chdir, $follow,
479 $follow_skip, $full_check, $untaint, $untaint_skip, $untaint_pat,
480 $pre_process, $post_process, $dangling_symlinks);
481 local($dir, $name, $fullname, $prune);
484 my $cwd = $wanted->{bydepth} ? Cwd::fastcwd() : Cwd::getcwd();
486 # VMS returns this by default in VMS format which just doesn't
487 # work for the rest of this module.
488 $cwd = VMS::Filespec::unixpath($cwd);
490 # Apparently this is not expected to have a trailing space.
491 # To attempt to make VMS/UNIX conversions mostly reversable,
492 # a trailing slash is needed. The run-time functions ignore the
493 # resulting double slash, but it causes the perl tests to fail.
496 # This comes up in upper case now, but should be lower.
497 # In the future this could be exact case, no need to change.
499 my $cwd_untainted = $cwd;
501 $wanted_callback = $wanted->{wanted};
502 $bydepth = $wanted->{bydepth};
503 $pre_process = $wanted->{preprocess};
504 $post_process = $wanted->{postprocess};
505 $no_chdir = $wanted->{no_chdir};
506 $full_check = $Is_Win32 ? 0 : $wanted->{follow};
507 $follow = $Is_Win32 ? 0 :
508 $full_check || $wanted->{follow_fast};
509 $follow_skip = $wanted->{follow_skip};
510 $untaint = $wanted->{untaint};
511 $untaint_pat = $wanted->{untaint_pattern};
512 $untaint_skip = $wanted->{untaint_skip};
513 $dangling_symlinks = $wanted->{dangling_symlinks};
515 # for compatibility reasons (find.pl, find2perl)
516 local our ($topdir, $topdev, $topino, $topmode, $topnlink);
518 # a symbolic link to a directory doesn't increase the link count
519 $avoid_nlink = $follow || $File::Find::dont_use_nlink;
521 my ($abs_dir, $Is_Dir);
524 foreach my $TOP (@_) {
527 ($topdev,$topino,$topmode,$topnlink) = $follow ? stat $top_item : lstat $top_item;
530 $top_item =~ s|[/\\]\z||
531 unless $top_item =~ m{^(?:\w:)?[/\\]$};
534 $top_item =~ s|/\z|| unless $top_item eq '/';
541 if (substr($top_item,0,1) eq '/') {
542 $abs_dir = $top_item;
544 elsif ($top_item eq $File::Find::current_dir) {
547 else { # care about any ../
548 $top_item =~ s/\.dir\z//i if $Is_VMS;
549 $abs_dir = contract_name("$cwd/",$top_item);
551 $abs_dir= Follow_SymLink($abs_dir);
552 unless (defined $abs_dir) {
553 if ($dangling_symlinks) {
554 if (ref $dangling_symlinks eq 'CODE') {
555 $dangling_symlinks->($top_item, $cwd);
557 warnings::warnif "$top_item is a dangling symbolic link\n";
564 $top_item =~ s/\.dir\z//i if $Is_VMS;
565 _find_dir_symlnk($wanted, $abs_dir, $top_item);
571 unless (defined $topnlink) {
572 warnings::warnif "Can't stat $top_item: $!\n";
576 $top_item =~ s/\.dir\z//i if $Is_VMS;
577 _find_dir($wanted, $top_item, $topnlink);
586 unless (($_,$dir) = File::Basename::fileparse($abs_dir)) {
587 ($dir,$_) = ('./', $top_item);
591 if (( $untaint ) && (is_tainted($dir) )) {
592 ( $abs_dir ) = $dir =~ m|$untaint_pat|;
593 unless (defined $abs_dir) {
594 if ($untaint_skip == 0) {
595 die "directory $dir is still tainted";
603 unless ($no_chdir || chdir $abs_dir) {
604 warnings::warnif "Couldn't chdir $abs_dir: $!\n";
608 $name = $abs_dir . $_; # $File::Find::name
609 $_ = $name if $no_chdir;
611 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
615 unless ( $no_chdir ) {
616 if ( ($check_t_cwd) && (($untaint) && (is_tainted($cwd) )) ) {
617 ( $cwd_untainted ) = $cwd =~ m|$untaint_pat|;
618 unless (defined $cwd_untainted) {
619 die "insecure cwd in find(depth)";
623 unless (chdir $cwd_untainted) {
624 die "Can't cd to $cwd: $!\n";
632 # $p_dir : "parent directory"
633 # $nlink : what came back from the stat
635 # chdir (if not no_chdir) to dir
638 my ($wanted, $p_dir, $nlink) = @_;
639 my ($CdLvl,$Level) = (0,0);
642 my ($subcount,$sub_nlink);
644 my $dir_name= $p_dir;
646 my $dir_rel = $File::Find::current_dir;
652 = ($p_dir =~ m{^(?:\w:[/\\]?|[/\\])$} ? $p_dir : "$p_dir/" );
655 # VMS is returning trailing .dir on directories
656 # and trailing . on files and symbolic links
660 $p_dir =~ s/\.(dir)?$//i unless $p_dir eq '.';
662 $dir_pref = ($p_dir =~ m/[\]>]+$/ ? $p_dir : "$p_dir/" );
665 $dir_pref= ( $p_dir eq '/' ? '/' : "$p_dir/" );
668 local ($dir, $name, $prune, *DIR);
670 unless ( $no_chdir || ($p_dir eq $File::Find::current_dir)) {
672 if (( $untaint ) && (is_tainted($p_dir) )) {
673 ( $udir ) = $p_dir =~ m|$untaint_pat|;
674 unless (defined $udir) {
675 if ($untaint_skip == 0) {
676 die "directory $p_dir is still tainted";
683 unless (chdir ($Is_VMS && $udir !~ /[\/\[<]+/ ? "./$udir" : $udir)) {
684 warnings::warnif "Can't cd to $udir: $!\n";
689 # push the starting directory
690 push @Stack,[$CdLvl,$p_dir,$dir_rel,-1] if $bydepth;
692 while (defined $SE) {
694 $dir= $p_dir; # $File::Find::dir
695 $name= $dir_name; # $File::Find::name
696 $_= ($no_chdir ? $dir_name : $dir_rel ); # $_
697 # prune may happen here
699 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
703 # change to that directory
704 unless ($no_chdir || ($dir_rel eq $File::Find::current_dir)) {
706 if ( ($untaint) && (($tainted) || ($tainted = is_tainted($dir_rel) )) ) {
707 ( $udir ) = $dir_rel =~ m|$untaint_pat|;
708 unless (defined $udir) {
709 if ($untaint_skip == 0) {
710 die "directory (" . ($p_dir ne '/' ? $p_dir : '') . "/) $dir_rel is still tainted";
711 } else { # $untaint_skip == 1
716 unless (chdir ($Is_VMS && $udir !~ /[\/\[<]+/ ? "./$udir" : $udir)) {
717 warnings::warnif "Can't cd to (" .
718 ($p_dir ne '/' ? $p_dir : '') . "/) $udir: $!\n";
724 $dir= $dir_name; # $File::Find::dir
726 # Get the list of files in the current directory.
727 unless (opendir DIR, ($no_chdir ? $dir_name : $File::Find::current_dir)) {
728 warnings::warnif "Can't opendir($dir_name): $!\n";
731 @filenames = readdir DIR;
733 @filenames = $pre_process->(@filenames) if $pre_process;
734 push @Stack,[$CdLvl,$dir_name,"",-2] if $post_process;
736 # default: use whatever was specified
737 # (if $nlink >= 2, and $avoid_nlink == 0, this will switch back)
738 $no_nlink = $avoid_nlink;
739 # if dir has wrong nlink count, force switch to slower stat method
740 $no_nlink = 1 if ($nlink < 2);
742 if ($nlink == 2 && !$no_nlink) {
743 # This dir has no subdirectories.
744 for my $FN (@filenames) {
746 # Big hammer here - Compensate for VMS trailing . and .dir
747 # No win situation until this is changed, but this
748 # will handle the majority of the cases with breaking the fewest
751 $FN =~ s#\.$## if ($FN ne '.');
753 next if $FN =~ $File::Find::skip_pattern;
755 $name = $dir_pref . $FN; # $File::Find::name
756 $_ = ($no_chdir ? $name : $FN); # $_
757 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
762 # This dir has subdirectories.
763 $subcount = $nlink - 2;
765 # HACK: insert directories at this position. so as to preserve
766 # the user pre-processed ordering of files.
767 # EG: directory traversal is in user sorted order, not at random.
768 my $stack_top = @Stack;
770 for my $FN (@filenames) {
771 next if $FN =~ $File::Find::skip_pattern;
772 if ($subcount > 0 || $no_nlink) {
773 # Seen all the subdirs?
774 # check for directoriness.
775 # stat is faster for a file in the current directory
776 $sub_nlink = (lstat ($no_chdir ? $dir_pref . $FN : $FN))[3];
780 $FN =~ s/\.dir\z//i if $Is_VMS;
781 # HACK: replace push to preserve dir traversal order
782 #push @Stack,[$CdLvl,$dir_name,$FN,$sub_nlink];
783 splice @Stack, $stack_top, 0,
784 [$CdLvl,$dir_name,$FN,$sub_nlink];
787 $name = $dir_pref . $FN; # $File::Find::name
788 $_= ($no_chdir ? $name : $FN); # $_
789 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
793 $name = $dir_pref . $FN; # $File::Find::name
794 $_= ($no_chdir ? $name : $FN); # $_
795 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
801 while ( defined ($SE = pop @Stack) ) {
802 ($Level, $p_dir, $dir_rel, $nlink) = @$SE;
803 if ($CdLvl > $Level && !$no_chdir) {
806 $tmp = '[' . ('-' x ($CdLvl-$Level)) . ']';
809 $tmp = join('/',('..') x ($CdLvl-$Level));
811 die "Can't cd to $tmp from $dir_name"
817 $dir_name = ($p_dir =~ m{^(?:\w:[/\\]?|[/\\])$}
818 ? "$p_dir$dir_rel" : "$p_dir/$dir_rel");
819 $dir_pref = "$dir_name/";
821 elsif ($^O eq 'VMS') {
822 if ($p_dir =~ m/[\]>]+$/) {
824 $dir_name =~ s/([\]>]+)$/.$dir_rel$1/;
825 $dir_pref = $dir_name;
828 $dir_name = "$p_dir/$dir_rel";
829 $dir_pref = "$dir_name/";
833 $dir_name = ($p_dir eq '/' ? "/$dir_rel" : "$p_dir/$dir_rel");
834 $dir_pref = "$dir_name/";
837 if ( $nlink == -2 ) {
838 $name = $dir = $p_dir; # $File::Find::name / dir
839 $_ = $File::Find::current_dir;
840 $post_process->(); # End-of-directory processing
842 elsif ( $nlink < 0 ) { # must be finddepth, report dirname now
844 if ( substr($name,-2) eq '/.' ) {
845 substr($name, length($name) == 2 ? -1 : -2) = '';
848 $_ = ($no_chdir ? $dir_name : $dir_rel );
849 if ( substr($_,-2) eq '/.' ) {
850 substr($_, length($_) == 2 ? -1 : -2) = '';
852 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
855 push @Stack,[$CdLvl,$p_dir,$dir_rel,-1] if $bydepth;
865 # $dir_loc : absolute location of a dir
866 # $p_dir : "parent directory"
868 # chdir (if not no_chdir) to dir
870 sub _find_dir_symlnk($$$) {
871 my ($wanted, $dir_loc, $p_dir) = @_; # $dir_loc is the absolute directory
875 my $updir_loc = $dir_loc; # untainted parent directory
877 my $dir_name = $p_dir;
880 my $dir_rel = $File::Find::current_dir;
881 my $byd_flag; # flag for pending stack entry if $bydepth
885 $dir_pref = ( $p_dir eq '/' ? '/' : "$p_dir/" );
886 $loc_pref = ( $dir_loc eq '/' ? '/' : "$dir_loc/" );
888 local ($dir, $name, $fullname, $prune, *DIR);
892 if (( $untaint ) && (is_tainted($dir_loc) )) {
893 ( $updir_loc ) = $dir_loc =~ m|$untaint_pat|; # parent dir, now untainted
894 # once untainted, $updir_loc is pushed on the stack (as parent directory);
895 # hence, we don't need to untaint the parent directory every time we chdir
897 unless (defined $updir_loc) {
898 if ($untaint_skip == 0) {
899 die "directory $dir_loc is still tainted";
906 $ok = chdir($updir_loc) unless ($p_dir eq $File::Find::current_dir);
908 warnings::warnif "Can't cd to $updir_loc: $!\n";
913 push @Stack,[$dir_loc,$updir_loc,$p_dir,$dir_rel,-1] if $bydepth;
915 while (defined $SE) {
918 # change (back) to parent directory (always untainted)
920 unless (chdir $updir_loc) {
921 warnings::warnif "Can't cd to $updir_loc: $!\n";
925 $dir= $p_dir; # $File::Find::dir
926 $name= $dir_name; # $File::Find::name
927 $_= ($no_chdir ? $dir_name : $dir_rel ); # $_
928 $fullname= $dir_loc; # $File::Find::fullname
929 # prune may happen here
931 lstat($_); # make sure file tests with '_' work
932 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
936 # change to that directory
937 unless ($no_chdir || ($dir_rel eq $File::Find::current_dir)) {
938 $updir_loc = $dir_loc;
939 if ( ($untaint) && (($tainted) || ($tainted = is_tainted($dir_loc) )) ) {
940 # untaint $dir_loc, what will be pushed on the stack as (untainted) parent dir
941 ( $updir_loc ) = $dir_loc =~ m|$untaint_pat|;
942 unless (defined $updir_loc) {
943 if ($untaint_skip == 0) {
944 die "directory $dir_loc is still tainted";
951 unless (chdir $updir_loc) {
952 warnings::warnif "Can't cd to $updir_loc: $!\n";
957 $dir = $dir_name; # $File::Find::dir
959 # Get the list of files in the current directory.
960 unless (opendir DIR, ($no_chdir ? $dir_loc : $File::Find::current_dir)) {
961 warnings::warnif "Can't opendir($dir_loc): $!\n";
964 @filenames = readdir DIR;
967 for my $FN (@filenames) {
969 # Big hammer here - Compensate for VMS trailing . and .dir
970 # No win situation until this is changed, but this
971 # will handle the majority of the cases with breaking the fewest.
974 $FN =~ s#\.$## if ($FN ne '.');
976 next if $FN =~ $File::Find::skip_pattern;
978 # follow symbolic links / do an lstat
979 $new_loc = Follow_SymLink($loc_pref.$FN);
981 # ignore if invalid symlink
982 unless (defined $new_loc) {
983 if (!defined -l _ && $dangling_symlinks) {
984 if (ref $dangling_symlinks eq 'CODE') {
985 $dangling_symlinks->($FN, $dir_pref);
987 warnings::warnif "$dir_pref$FN is a dangling symbolic link\n";
992 $name = $dir_pref . $FN;
993 $_ = ($no_chdir ? $name : $FN);
994 { $wanted_callback->() };
1000 $FN =~ s/\.dir\z//i;
1001 $FN =~ s#\.$## if ($FN ne '.');
1002 $new_loc =~ s/\.dir\z//i;
1003 $new_loc =~ s#\.$## if ($new_loc ne '.');
1005 push @Stack,[$new_loc,$updir_loc,$dir_name,$FN,1];
1008 $fullname = $new_loc; # $File::Find::fullname
1009 $name = $dir_pref . $FN; # $File::Find::name
1010 $_ = ($no_chdir ? $name : $FN); # $_
1011 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
1017 while (defined($SE = pop @Stack)) {
1018 ($dir_loc, $updir_loc, $p_dir, $dir_rel, $byd_flag) = @$SE;
1019 $dir_name = ($p_dir eq '/' ? "/$dir_rel" : "$p_dir/$dir_rel");
1020 $dir_pref = "$dir_name/";
1021 $loc_pref = "$dir_loc/";
1022 if ( $byd_flag < 0 ) { # must be finddepth, report dirname now
1023 unless ($no_chdir || ($dir_rel eq $File::Find::current_dir)) {
1024 unless (chdir $updir_loc) { # $updir_loc (parent dir) is always untainted
1025 warnings::warnif "Can't cd to $updir_loc: $!\n";
1029 $fullname = $dir_loc; # $File::Find::fullname
1030 $name = $dir_name; # $File::Find::name
1031 if ( substr($name,-2) eq '/.' ) {
1032 substr($name, length($name) == 2 ? -1 : -2) = ''; # $File::Find::name
1034 $dir = $p_dir; # $File::Find::dir
1035 $_ = ($no_chdir ? $dir_name : $dir_rel); # $_
1036 if ( substr($_,-2) eq '/.' ) {
1037 substr($_, length($_) == 2 ? -1 : -2) = '';
1040 lstat($_); # make sure file tests with '_' work
1041 { $wanted_callback->() }; # protect against wild "next"
1044 push @Stack,[$dir_loc, $updir_loc, $p_dir, $dir_rel,-1] if $bydepth;
1054 if ( ref($wanted) eq 'HASH' ) {
1055 unless( exists $wanted->{wanted} and ref( $wanted->{wanted} ) eq 'CODE' ) {
1056 die 'no &wanted subroutine given';
1058 if ( $wanted->{follow} || $wanted->{follow_fast}) {
1059 $wanted->{follow_skip} = 1 unless defined $wanted->{follow_skip};
1061 if ( $wanted->{untaint} ) {
1062 $wanted->{untaint_pattern} = $File::Find::untaint_pattern
1063 unless defined $wanted->{untaint_pattern};
1064 $wanted->{untaint_skip} = 0 unless defined $wanted->{untaint_skip};
1068 elsif( ref( $wanted ) eq 'CODE' ) {
1069 return { wanted => $wanted };
1072 die 'no &wanted subroutine given';
1078 _find_opt(wrap_wanted($wanted), @_);
1082 my $wanted = wrap_wanted(shift);
1083 $wanted->{bydepth} = 1;
1084 _find_opt($wanted, @_);
1088 $File::Find::skip_pattern = qr/^\.{1,2}\z/;
1089 $File::Find::untaint_pattern = qr|^([-+@\w./]+)$|;
1091 # These are hard-coded for now, but may move to hint files.
1094 $File::Find::dont_use_nlink = 1;
1096 elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
1100 # this _should_ work properly on all platforms
1101 # where File::Find can be expected to work
1102 $File::Find::current_dir = File::Spec->curdir || '.';
1104 $File::Find::dont_use_nlink = 1
1105 if $^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'dos' || $^O eq 'amigaos' || $Is_Win32 ||
1106 $^O eq 'interix' || $^O eq 'cygwin' || $^O eq 'epoc' || $^O eq 'qnx' ||
1109 # Set dont_use_nlink in your hint file if your system's stat doesn't
1110 # report the number of links in a directory as an indication
1111 # of the number of files.
1112 # See, e.g. hints/machten.sh for MachTen 2.2.
1113 unless ($File::Find::dont_use_nlink) {
1115 $File::Find::dont_use_nlink = 1 if ($Config::Config{'dont_use_nlink'});
1118 # We need a function that checks if a scalar is tainted. Either use the
1119 # Scalar::Util module's tainted() function or our (slower) pure Perl
1120 # fallback is_tainted_pp()
1123 eval { require Scalar::Util };
1124 *is_tainted = $@ ? \&is_tainted_pp : \&Scalar::Util::tainted;