1 # -*- buffer-read-only: t -*-
2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is built by regen/warnings.pl.
4 # Any changes made here will be lost!
10 # Verify that we're called correctly so that warnings will work.
11 # Can't use Carp, since Carp uses us!
12 # String regexps because constant folding = smaller optree = less memory vs regexp literal
14 die sprintf "Incorrect use of pragma '%s' at %s line %d.\n", __PACKAGE__, +(caller)[1,2]
15 if __FILE__ !~ ( '(?x) \b '.__PACKAGE__.' \.pmc? \z' )
16 && __FILE__ =~ ( '(?x) \b (?i:'.__PACKAGE__.') \.pmc? \z' );
19 # Warnings Categories added in Perl 5.008
61 'uninitialized' => 82,
67 # Warnings Categories added in Perl 5.011
71 # Warnings Categories added in Perl 5.013
76 # Warnings Categories added in Perl 5.017
77 'experimental' => 102,
78 'experimental::lexical_subs' => 104,
79 'experimental::regex_sets' => 106,
80 'experimental::smartmatch' => 108,
82 # Warnings Categories added in Perl 5.019
83 'experimental::postderef' => 110,
84 'experimental::signatures' => 112,
87 # Warnings Categories added in Perl 5.021
88 'experimental::bitwise' => 116,
89 'experimental::const_attr' => 118,
90 'experimental::re_strict' => 120,
91 'experimental::refaliasing' => 122,
92 'experimental::win32_perlio' => 124,
97 # Warnings Categories added in Perl 5.025
98 'experimental::declared_refs' => 132,
102 'all' => "\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x55\x15", # [0..66]
103 'ambiguous' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [29]
104 'bareword' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [30]
105 'closed' => "\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [6]
106 'closure' => "\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [1]
107 'debugging' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [22]
108 'deprecated' => "\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [2]
109 'digit' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [31]
110 'exec' => "\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [7]
111 'exiting' => "\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [3]
112 'experimental' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x55\x51\x15\x10", # [51..56,58..62,66]
113 'experimental::bitwise' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00", # [58]
114 'experimental::const_attr' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00", # [59]
115 'experimental::declared_refs' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10", # [66]
116 'experimental::lexical_subs' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00", # [52]
117 'experimental::postderef' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00", # [55]
118 'experimental::re_strict' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00", # [60]
119 'experimental::refaliasing' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00", # [61]
120 'experimental::regex_sets' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00", # [53]
121 'experimental::signatures' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00", # [56]
122 'experimental::smartmatch' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00", # [54]
123 'experimental::win32_perlio' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00", # [62]
124 'glob' => "\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [4]
125 'illegalproto' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [47]
126 'imprecision' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [46]
127 'inplace' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [23]
128 'internal' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [24]
129 'io' => "\x00\x54\x55\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00", # [5..11,57]
130 'layer' => "\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [8]
131 'locale' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00", # [63]
132 'malloc' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [25]
133 'misc' => "\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [12]
134 'missing' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01", # [64]
135 'newline' => "\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [9]
136 'non_unicode' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [48]
137 'nonchar' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [49]
138 'numeric' => "\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [13]
139 'once' => "\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [14]
140 'overflow' => "\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [15]
141 'pack' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [16]
142 'parenthesis' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [32]
143 'pipe' => "\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [10]
144 'portable' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [17]
145 'precedence' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [33]
146 'printf' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [34]
147 'prototype' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [35]
148 'qw' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [36]
149 'recursion' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [18]
150 'redefine' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [19]
151 'redundant' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04", # [65]
152 'regexp' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [20]
153 'reserved' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [37]
154 'semicolon' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [38]
155 'severe' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x54\x05\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [21..25]
156 'signal' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [26]
157 'substr' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [27]
158 'surrogate' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [50]
159 'syntax' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x55\x55\x15\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [28..38,47]
160 'syscalls' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00", # [57]
161 'taint' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [39]
162 'threads' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [40]
163 'uninitialized' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [41]
164 'unopened' => "\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [11]
165 'unpack' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [42]
166 'untie' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [43]
167 'utf8' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x15\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [44,48..50]
168 'void' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [45]
172 'all' => "\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\x2a", # [0..66]
173 'ambiguous' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [29]
174 'bareword' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [30]
175 'closed' => "\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [6]
176 'closure' => "\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [1]
177 'debugging' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [22]
178 'deprecated' => "\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [2]
179 'digit' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [31]
180 'exec' => "\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [7]
181 'exiting' => "\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [3]
182 'experimental' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\xaa\xa2\x2a\x20", # [51..56,58..62,66]
183 'experimental::bitwise' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00", # [58]
184 'experimental::const_attr' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00", # [59]
185 'experimental::declared_refs' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20", # [66]
186 'experimental::lexical_subs' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00", # [52]
187 'experimental::postderef' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00", # [55]
188 'experimental::re_strict' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00", # [60]
189 'experimental::refaliasing' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00", # [61]
190 'experimental::regex_sets' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00", # [53]
191 'experimental::signatures' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00", # [56]
192 'experimental::smartmatch' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00", # [54]
193 'experimental::win32_perlio' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00", # [62]
194 'glob' => "\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [4]
195 'illegalproto' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [47]
196 'imprecision' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [46]
197 'inplace' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [23]
198 'internal' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [24]
199 'io' => "\x00\xa8\xaa\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00", # [5..11,57]
200 'layer' => "\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [8]
201 'locale' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00", # [63]
202 'malloc' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [25]
203 'misc' => "\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [12]
204 'missing' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02", # [64]
205 'newline' => "\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [9]
206 'non_unicode' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [48]
207 'nonchar' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [49]
208 'numeric' => "\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [13]
209 'once' => "\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [14]
210 'overflow' => "\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [15]
211 'pack' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [16]
212 'parenthesis' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [32]
213 'pipe' => "\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [10]
214 'portable' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [17]
215 'precedence' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [33]
216 'printf' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [34]
217 'prototype' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [35]
218 'qw' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [36]
219 'recursion' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [18]
220 'redefine' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [19]
221 'redundant' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08", # [65]
222 'regexp' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [20]
223 'reserved' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [37]
224 'semicolon' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [38]
225 'severe' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xa8\x0a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [21..25]
226 'signal' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [26]
227 'substr' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [27]
228 'surrogate' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [50]
229 'syntax' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xaa\xaa\x2a\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [28..38,47]
230 'syscalls' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00", # [57]
231 'taint' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [39]
232 'threads' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [40]
233 'uninitialized' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [41]
234 'unopened' => "\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [11]
235 'unpack' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [42]
236 'untie' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [43]
237 'utf8' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [44,48..50]
238 'void' => "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00", # [45]
241 # These are used by various things, including our own tests
242 our $NONE = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
243 our $DEFAULT = "\x10\x01\x00\x00\x00\x50\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x55\x51\x55\x10", # [2,4,22,23,25,52..56,58..63,66]
244 our $LAST_BIT = 134 ;
247 our $All = "" ; vec($All, $Offsets{'all'}, 2) = 3 ;
251 require Carp; # this initializes %CarpInternal
252 local $Carp::CarpInternal{'warnings'};
253 delete $Carp::CarpInternal{'warnings'};
263 foreach my $word ( @_ ) {
264 if ($word eq 'FATAL') {
268 elsif ($word eq 'NONFATAL') {
272 elsif ($catmask = $Bits{$word}) {
274 $mask |= $DeadBits{$word} if $fatal ;
275 $mask &= ~($DeadBits{$word}|$All) if $no_fatal ;
278 { Croaker("Unknown warnings category '$word'")}
286 # called from B::Deparse.pm
287 push @_, 'all' unless @_ ;
288 return _bits(undef, @_) ;
295 my $mask = ${^WARNING_BITS} // ($^W ? $Bits{all} : $DEFAULT) ;
297 if (vec($mask, $Offsets{'all'}, 1)) {
298 $mask |= $Bits{'all'} ;
299 $mask |= $DeadBits{'all'} if vec($mask, $Offsets{'all'}+1, 1);
302 # append 'all' when implied (after a lone "FATAL" or "NONFATAL")
303 push @_, 'all' if @_==1 && ( $_[0] eq 'FATAL' || $_[0] eq 'NONFATAL' );
305 # Empty @_ is equivalent to @_ = 'all' ;
306 ${^WARNING_BITS} = @_ ? _bits($mask, @_) : $mask | $Bits{all} ;
314 my $mask = ${^WARNING_BITS} // ($^W ? $Bits{all} : $DEFAULT) ;
316 if (vec($mask, $Offsets{'all'}, 1)) {
317 $mask |= $Bits{'all'} ;
318 $mask |= $DeadBits{'all'} if vec($mask, $Offsets{'all'}+1, 1);
321 # append 'all' when implied (empty import list or after a lone "FATAL")
322 push @_, 'all' if !@_ || @_==1 && $_[0] eq 'FATAL';
324 foreach my $word ( @_ ) {
325 if ($word eq 'FATAL') {
328 elsif ($catmask = $Bits{$word}) {
329 $mask &= ~($catmask | $DeadBits{$word} | $All);
332 { Croaker("Unknown warnings category '$word'")}
335 ${^WARNING_BITS} = $mask ;
338 my %builtin_type; @builtin_type{qw(SCALAR ARRAY HASH CODE REF GLOB LVALUE Regexp)} = ();
340 sub MESSAGE () { 4 };
350 my $has_message = $wanted & MESSAGE;
352 unless (@_ == 1 || @_ == ($has_message ? 2 : 0)) {
353 my $sub = (caller 1)[3];
354 my $syntax = $has_message ? "[category,] 'message'" : '[category]';
355 Croaker("Usage: $sub($syntax)");
358 my $message = pop if $has_message;
361 # check the category supplied.
363 if (my $type = ref $category) {
364 Croaker("not an object")
365 if exists $builtin_type{$type};
369 $offset = $Offsets{$category};
370 Croaker("Unknown warnings category '$category'")
371 unless defined $offset;
374 $category = (caller(1))[0] ;
375 $offset = $Offsets{$category};
376 Croaker("package '$category' not registered for warnings")
377 unless defined $offset ;
385 while (do { { package DB; $pkg = (caller($i++))[0] } } ) {
386 last unless @DB::args && $DB::args[0] =~ /^$category=/ ;
391 $i = _error_loc(); # see where Carp will allocate the error
394 # Default to 0 if caller returns nothing. Default to $DEFAULT if it
395 # explicitly returns undef.
396 my(@callers_bitmask) = (caller($i))[9] ;
397 my $callers_bitmask =
398 @callers_bitmask ? $callers_bitmask[0] // $DEFAULT : 0 ;
401 foreach my $type (FATAL, NORMAL) {
402 next unless $wanted & $type;
404 push @results, (vec($callers_bitmask, $offset + $type - 1, 1) ||
405 vec($callers_bitmask, $Offsets{'all'} + $type - 1, 1));
408 # &enabled and &fatal_enabled
409 return $results[0] unless $has_message;
411 # &warnif, and the category is neither enabled as warning nor as fatal
412 return if $wanted == (NORMAL | FATAL | MESSAGE)
413 && !($results[0] || $results[1]);
416 Carp::croak($message) if $results[0];
417 # will always get here for &warn. will only get here for &warnif if the
418 # category is enabled
419 Carp::carp($message);
427 vec($mask, $bit, 1) = 1;
431 sub register_categories
435 for my $name (@names) {
436 if (! defined $Bits{$name}) {
437 $Bits{$name} = _mkMask($LAST_BIT);
438 vec($Bits{'all'}, $LAST_BIT, 1) = 1;
439 $Offsets{$name} = $LAST_BIT ++;
440 foreach my $k (keys %Bits) {
441 vec($Bits{$k}, $LAST_BIT, 1) = 0;
443 $DeadBits{$name} = _mkMask($LAST_BIT);
444 vec($DeadBits{'all'}, $LAST_BIT++, 1) = 1;
451 goto &Carp::short_error_loc; # don't introduce another stack frame
456 return __chk(NORMAL, @_);
461 return __chk(FATAL, @_);
466 return __chk(FATAL | MESSAGE, @_);
471 return __chk(NORMAL | FATAL | MESSAGE, @_);
474 # These are not part of any public interface, so we can delete them to save
476 delete @warnings::{qw(NORMAL FATAL MESSAGE)};
482 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
492 use warnings::register;
493 if (warnings::enabled()) {
494 warnings::warn("some warning");
497 if (warnings::enabled("void")) {
498 warnings::warn("void", "some warning");
501 if (warnings::enabled($object)) {
502 warnings::warn($object, "some warning");
505 warnings::warnif("some warning");
506 warnings::warnif("void", "some warning");
507 warnings::warnif($object, "some warning");
511 The C<warnings> pragma gives control over which warnings are enabled in
512 which parts of a Perl program. It's a more flexible alternative for
513 both the command line flag B<-w> and the equivalent Perl variable,
516 This pragma works just like the C<strict> pragma.
517 This means that the scope of the warning pragma is limited to the
518 enclosing block. It also means that the pragma setting will not
519 leak across files (via C<use>, C<require> or C<do>). This allows
520 authors to independently define the degree of warning checks that will
521 be applied to their module.
523 By default, optional warnings are disabled, so any legacy code that
524 doesn't attempt to control the warnings will work unchanged.
526 All warnings are enabled in a block by either of these:
531 Similarly all warnings are disabled in a block by either of these:
536 For example, consider the code below:
546 The code in the enclosing block has warnings enabled, but the inner
547 block has them disabled. In this case that means the assignment to the
548 scalar C<$c> will trip the C<"Scalar value @a[0] better written as $a[0]">
549 warning, but the assignment to the scalar C<$b> will not.
551 =head2 Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
553 Before the introduction of lexical warnings, Perl had two classes of
554 warnings: mandatory and optional.
556 As its name suggests, if your code tripped a mandatory warning, you
557 would get a warning whether you wanted it or not.
558 For example, the code below would always produce an C<"isn't numeric">
559 warning about the "2:".
563 With the introduction of lexical warnings, mandatory warnings now become
564 I<default> warnings. The difference is that although the previously
565 mandatory warnings are still enabled by default, they can then be
566 subsequently enabled or disabled with the lexical warning pragma. For
567 example, in the code below, an C<"isn't numeric"> warning will only
568 be reported for the C<$a> variable.
574 Note that neither the B<-w> flag or the C<$^W> can be used to
575 disable/enable default warnings. They are still mandatory in this case.
577 =head2 What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
579 Although very useful, the big problem with using B<-w> on the command
580 line to enable warnings is that it is all or nothing. Take the typical
581 scenario when you are writing a Perl program. Parts of the code you
582 will write yourself, but it's very likely that you will make use of
583 pre-written Perl modules. If you use the B<-w> flag in this case, you
584 end up enabling warnings in pieces of code that you haven't written.
586 Similarly, using C<$^W> to either disable or enable blocks of code is
587 fundamentally flawed. For a start, say you want to disable warnings in
588 a block of code. You might expect this to be enough to do the trick:
596 When this code is run with the B<-w> flag, a warning will be produced
597 for the C<$a> line: C<"Reversed += operator">.
599 The problem is that Perl has both compile-time and run-time warnings. To
600 disable compile-time warnings you need to rewrite the code like this:
608 The other big problem with C<$^W> is the way you can inadvertently
609 change the warning setting in unexpected places in your code. For example,
610 when the code below is run (without the B<-w> flag), the second call
611 to C<doit> will trip a C<"Use of uninitialized value"> warning, whereas
626 This is a side-effect of C<$^W> being dynamically scoped.
628 Lexical warnings get around these limitations by allowing finer control
629 over where warnings can or can't be tripped.
631 =head2 Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
633 There are three Command Line flags that can be used to control when
634 warnings are (or aren't) produced:
641 This is the existing flag. If the lexical warnings pragma is B<not>
642 used in any of you code, or any of the modules that you use, this flag
643 will enable warnings everywhere. See L<Backward Compatibility> for
644 details of how this flag interacts with lexical warnings.
649 If the B<-W> flag is used on the command line, it will enable all warnings
650 throughout the program regardless of whether warnings were disabled
651 locally using C<no warnings> or C<$^W =0>.
652 This includes all files that get
653 included via C<use>, C<require> or C<do>.
654 Think of it as the Perl equivalent of the "lint" command.
659 Does the exact opposite to the B<-W> flag, i.e. it disables all warnings.
663 =head2 Backward Compatibility
665 If you are used to working with a version of Perl prior to the
666 introduction of lexically scoped warnings, or have code that uses both
667 lexical warnings and C<$^W>, this section will describe how they interact.
669 How Lexical Warnings interact with B<-w>/C<$^W>:
675 If none of the three command line flags (B<-w>, B<-W> or B<-X>) that
676 control warnings is used and neither C<$^W> nor the C<warnings> pragma
677 are used, then default warnings will be enabled and optional warnings
679 This means that legacy code that doesn't attempt to control the warnings
684 The B<-w> flag just sets the global C<$^W> variable as in 5.005. This
685 means that any legacy code that currently relies on manipulating C<$^W>
686 to control warning behavior will still work as is.
690 Apart from now being a boolean, the C<$^W> variable operates in exactly
691 the same horrible uncontrolled global way, except that it cannot
692 disable/enable default warnings.
696 If a piece of code is under the control of the C<warnings> pragma,
697 both the C<$^W> variable and the B<-w> flag will be ignored for the
698 scope of the lexical warning.
702 The only way to override a lexical warnings setting is with the B<-W>
703 or B<-X> command line flags.
707 The combined effect of 3 & 4 is that it will allow code which uses
708 the C<warnings> pragma to control the warning behavior of $^W-type
709 code (using a C<local $^W=0>) if it really wants to, but not vice-versa.
711 =head2 Category Hierarchy
712 X<warning, categories>
714 A hierarchy of "categories" have been defined to allow groups of warnings
715 to be enabled/disabled in isolation.
717 The current hierarchy is:
729 | +- experimental::bitwise
731 | +- experimental::const_attr
733 | +- experimental::declared_refs
735 | +- experimental::lexical_subs
737 | +- experimental::postderef
739 | +- experimental::re_strict
741 | +- experimental::refaliasing
743 | +- experimental::regex_sets
745 | +- experimental::signatures
747 | +- experimental::smartmatch
749 | +- experimental::win32_perlio
853 Just like the "strict" pragma any of these categories can be combined
855 use warnings qw(void redefine);
856 no warnings qw(io syntax untie);
858 Also like the "strict" pragma, if there is more than one instance of the
859 C<warnings> pragma in a given scope the cumulative effect is additive.
861 use warnings qw(void); # only "void" warnings enabled
863 use warnings qw(io); # only "void" & "io" warnings enabled
865 no warnings qw(void); # only "io" warnings enabled
867 To determine which category a specific warning has been assigned to see
870 Note: Before Perl 5.8.0, the lexical warnings category "deprecated" was a
871 sub-category of the "syntax" category. It is now a top-level category
874 Note: Before 5.21.0, the "missing" lexical warnings category was
875 internally defined to be the same as the "uninitialized" category. It
876 is now a top-level category in its own right.
878 =head2 Fatal Warnings
881 The presence of the word "FATAL" in the category list will escalate
882 warnings in those categories into fatal errors in that lexical scope.
884 B<NOTE:> FATAL warnings should be used with care, particularly
885 C<< FATAL => 'all' >>.
887 Libraries using L<warnings::warn|/FUNCTIONS> for custom warning categories
888 generally don't expect L<warnings::warn|/FUNCTIONS> to be fatal and can wind up
889 in an unexpected state as a result. For XS modules issuing categorized
890 warnings, such unanticipated exceptions could also expose memory leak bugs.
892 Moreover, the Perl interpreter itself has had serious bugs involving
893 fatalized warnings. For a summary of resolved and unresolved problems as
894 of January 2015, please see
895 L<this perl5-porters post|http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2015/01/msg225235.html>.
897 While some developers find fatalizing some warnings to be a useful
898 defensive programming technique, using C<< FATAL => 'all' >> to fatalize
899 all possible warning categories -- including custom ones -- is particularly
900 risky. Therefore, the use of C<< FATAL => 'all' >> is
901 L<discouraged|perlpolicy/discouraged>.
903 The L<strictures|strictures/VERSION-2> module on CPAN offers one example of
904 a warnings subset that the module's authors believe is relatively safe to
907 B<NOTE:> users of FATAL warnings, especially those using
908 C<< FATAL => 'all' >>, should be fully aware that they are risking future
909 portability of their programs by doing so. Perl makes absolutely no
910 commitments to not introduce new warnings or warnings categories in the
911 future; indeed, we explicitly reserve the right to do so. Code that may
912 not warn now may warn in a future release of Perl if the Perl5 development
913 team deems it in the best interests of the community to do so. Should code
914 using FATAL warnings break due to the introduction of a new warning we will
915 NOT consider it an incompatible change. Users of FATAL warnings should
916 take special caution during upgrades to check to see if their code triggers
917 any new warnings and should pay particular attention to the fine print of
918 the documentation of the features they use to ensure they do not exploit
919 features that are documented as risky, deprecated, or unspecified, or where
920 the documentation says "so don't do that", or anything with the same sense
921 and spirit. Use of such features in combination with FATAL warnings is
922 ENTIRELY AT THE USER'S RISK.
924 The following documentation describes how to use FATAL warnings but the
925 perl5 porters strongly recommend that you understand the risks before doing
926 so, especially for library code intended for use by others, as there is no
927 way for downstream users to change the choice of fatal categories.
929 In the code below, the use of C<time>, C<length>
930 and C<join> can all produce a C<"Useless use of xxx in void context">
938 use warnings FATAL => qw(void);
946 When run it produces this output
948 Useless use of time in void context at fatal line 3.
949 Useless use of length in void context at fatal line 7.
951 The scope where C<length> is used has escalated the C<void> warnings
952 category into a fatal error, so the program terminates immediately when it
953 encounters the warning.
955 To explicitly turn off a "FATAL" warning you just disable the warning
956 it is associated with. So, for example, to disable the "void" warning
957 in the example above, either of these will do the trick:
959 no warnings qw(void);
960 no warnings FATAL => qw(void);
962 If you want to downgrade a warning that has been escalated into a fatal
963 error back to a normal warning, you can use the "NONFATAL" keyword. For
964 example, the code below will promote all warnings into fatal errors,
965 except for those in the "syntax" category.
967 use warnings FATAL => 'all', NONFATAL => 'syntax';
969 As of Perl 5.20, instead of C<< use warnings FATAL => 'all'; >> you can
972 use v5.20; # Perl 5.20 or greater is required for the following
973 use warnings 'FATAL'; # short form of "use warnings FATAL => 'all';"
975 If you want your program to be compatible with versions of Perl before
976 5.20, you must use C<< use warnings FATAL => 'all'; >> instead. (In
977 previous versions of Perl, the behavior of the statements
978 C<< use warnings 'FATAL'; >>, C<< use warnings 'NONFATAL'; >> and
979 C<< no warnings 'FATAL'; >> was unspecified; they did not behave as if
980 they included the C<< => 'all' >> portion. As of 5.20, they do.)
982 =head2 Reporting Warnings from a Module
983 X<warning, reporting> X<warning, registering>
985 The C<warnings> pragma provides a number of functions that are useful for
986 module authors. These are used when you want to report a module-specific
987 warning to a calling module has enabled warnings via the C<warnings>
990 Consider the module C<MyMod::Abc> below.
994 use warnings::register;
998 if ($path !~ m#^/#) {
999 warnings::warn("changing relative path to /var/abc")
1000 if warnings::enabled();
1001 $path = "/var/abc/$path";
1007 The call to C<warnings::register> will create a new warnings category
1008 called "MyMod::Abc", i.e. the new category name matches the current
1009 package name. The C<open> function in the module will display a warning
1010 message if it gets given a relative path as a parameter. This warnings
1011 will only be displayed if the code that uses C<MyMod::Abc> has actually
1012 enabled them with the C<warnings> pragma like below.
1015 use warnings 'MyMod::Abc';
1017 abc::open("../fred.txt");
1019 It is also possible to test whether the pre-defined warnings categories are
1020 set in the calling module with the C<warnings::enabled> function. Consider
1021 this snippet of code:
1026 if (warnings::enabled("deprecated")) {
1027 warnings::warn("deprecated",
1028 "open is deprecated, use new instead");
1037 The function C<open> has been deprecated, so code has been included to
1038 display a warning message whenever the calling module has (at least) the
1039 "deprecated" warnings category enabled. Something like this, say.
1041 use warnings 'deprecated';
1044 MyMod::Abc::open($filename);
1046 Either the C<warnings::warn> or C<warnings::warnif> function should be
1047 used to actually display the warnings message. This is because they can
1048 make use of the feature that allows warnings to be escalated into fatal
1049 errors. So in this case
1052 use warnings FATAL => 'MyMod::Abc';
1054 MyMod::Abc::open('../fred.txt');
1056 the C<warnings::warnif> function will detect this and die after
1057 displaying the warning message.
1059 The three warnings functions, C<warnings::warn>, C<warnings::warnif>
1060 and C<warnings::enabled> can optionally take an object reference in place
1061 of a category name. In this case the functions will use the class name
1062 of the object as the warnings category.
1064 Consider this example:
1069 use warnings::register;
1082 if ($value % 2 && warnings::enabled($self))
1083 { warnings::warn($self, "Odd numbers are unsafe") }
1090 $self->check($value);
1098 use warnings::register;
1100 our @ISA = qw( Original );
1110 The code below makes use of both modules, but it only enables warnings from
1115 use warnings 'Derived';
1116 my $a = Original->new();
1118 my $b = Derived->new();
1121 When this code is run only the C<Derived> object, C<$b>, will generate
1124 Odd numbers are unsafe at main.pl line 7
1126 Notice also that the warning is reported at the line where the object is first
1129 When registering new categories of warning, you can supply more names to
1130 warnings::register like this:
1133 use warnings::register qw(format precision);
1137 warnings::warnif('MyModule::format', '...');
1143 =item use warnings::register
1145 Creates a new warnings category with the same name as the package where
1146 the call to the pragma is used.
1148 =item warnings::enabled()
1150 Use the warnings category with the same name as the current package.
1152 Return TRUE if that warnings category is enabled in the calling module.
1153 Otherwise returns FALSE.
1155 =item warnings::enabled($category)
1157 Return TRUE if the warnings category, C<$category>, is enabled in the
1159 Otherwise returns FALSE.
1161 =item warnings::enabled($object)
1163 Use the name of the class for the object reference, C<$object>, as the
1166 Return TRUE if that warnings category is enabled in the first scope
1167 where the object is used.
1168 Otherwise returns FALSE.
1170 =item warnings::fatal_enabled()
1172 Return TRUE if the warnings category with the same name as the current
1173 package has been set to FATAL in the calling module.
1174 Otherwise returns FALSE.
1176 =item warnings::fatal_enabled($category)
1178 Return TRUE if the warnings category C<$category> has been set to FATAL in
1180 Otherwise returns FALSE.
1182 =item warnings::fatal_enabled($object)
1184 Use the name of the class for the object reference, C<$object>, as the
1187 Return TRUE if that warnings category has been set to FATAL in the first
1188 scope where the object is used.
1189 Otherwise returns FALSE.
1191 =item warnings::warn($message)
1193 Print C<$message> to STDERR.
1195 Use the warnings category with the same name as the current package.
1197 If that warnings category has been set to "FATAL" in the calling module
1198 then die. Otherwise return.
1200 =item warnings::warn($category, $message)
1202 Print C<$message> to STDERR.
1204 If the warnings category, C<$category>, has been set to "FATAL" in the
1205 calling module then die. Otherwise return.
1207 =item warnings::warn($object, $message)
1209 Print C<$message> to STDERR.
1211 Use the name of the class for the object reference, C<$object>, as the
1214 If that warnings category has been set to "FATAL" in the scope where C<$object>
1215 is first used then die. Otherwise return.
1218 =item warnings::warnif($message)
1222 if (warnings::enabled())
1223 { warnings::warn($message) }
1225 =item warnings::warnif($category, $message)
1229 if (warnings::enabled($category))
1230 { warnings::warn($category, $message) }
1232 =item warnings::warnif($object, $message)
1236 if (warnings::enabled($object))
1237 { warnings::warn($object, $message) }
1239 =item warnings::register_categories(@names)
1241 This registers warning categories for the given names and is primarily for
1242 use by the warnings::register pragma.
1246 See also L<perlmodlib/Pragmatic Modules> and L<perldiag>.