9 chdir $FindBin::Bin or die "$0: Can't chdir $FindBin::Bin: $!";
11 my $Quiet = @ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq '-q';
13 open (OUT, ">perlmodlib.pod") or die $!;
14 my (@pragma, @mod, @files);
16 # MANIFEST itself is Unix style filenames, so we have to assume that Unix style
17 # filenames will work.
19 open (MANIFEST, "../MANIFEST") or die $!;
20 @files = grep m#(?:\.pm|\.pod|_pm\.PL)#, map {s/\s.*//s; $_}
21 grep { m#^(lib|ext|dist|cpan)/# && !m#/(?:t|demo)/# } <MANIFEST>;
24 'abbrev' => 'Text::Abbrev',
26 'getopt' => 'Getopt::Std',
27 'B<CGI::Carp>' => 'CGI::Carp',
28 'ModuleInfo' => 'Module::Build::ModuleInfo',
29 '$notes_name' => 'Module::Build::Notes',
30 'Encode::MIME::NAME' => 'Encode::MIME::Name',
31 'libnetFAQ' => 'Net::libnetFAQ',
34 for my $filename (@files) {
35 unless (open MOD, '<', "../$filename") {
36 warn "Couldn't open ../$filename: $!";
45 next unless /^=head1 NAME/;
51 warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (OK if respective .pod exists)\n"
59 ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2;
61 unless ($name and $thing) {
62 warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name;
63 warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing or $Quiet;
67 $name =~ s/[^A-Za-z0-9_:\$<>].*//;
68 $name = $exceptions{$name} || $name;
69 $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i;
70 $thing = ucfirst $thing;
71 $title = "=item $name\n\n$thing\n\n";
73 if ($name =~ /[A-Z]/) {
80 # Much easier to special case it like this than special case the depending on
81 # and parsing lib/Config.pod, or special case opening configpm and finding its
82 # =head1 (which is not found with the $/="" above)
83 push @mod, "=item Config\n\nAccess Perl configuration information\n\n";
86 # The intent of using =cut as the heredoc terminator is to make the whole file
87 # parse as (reasonably) sane Pod as-is to anything that attempts to
88 # brute-force treat it as such. The content is already useful - this just
89 # makes it tidier, by stopping anything doing this mistaking the rest of the
90 # Perl code for Pod. eg http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perlmodlib.PL
94 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
98 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
100 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
102 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
103 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
104 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
105 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
106 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
107 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
108 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
109 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
110 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
111 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
112 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
113 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
114 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
116 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
118 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
119 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
120 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
121 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
128 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
130 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
131 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
132 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
133 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
134 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
135 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
138 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
144 print OUT $_ for (sort @pragma);
150 =head2 Standard Modules
152 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
153 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
154 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
156 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
157 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
158 don't have the gdbm library.
164 print OUT $_ for (sort @mod);
170 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
171 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
172 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
173 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
175 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
176 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
177 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
179 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
180 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
181 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
182 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
183 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
184 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
185 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
186 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
188 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
189 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
190 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
193 =head2 Extension Modules
195 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
196 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
197 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
198 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
200 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
201 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
202 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
203 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
204 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
205 like Alta Vista or Google.
209 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
210 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
211 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
212 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
213 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
215 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
216 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
223 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
231 Operating System Interfaces
235 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
239 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
251 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
255 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
259 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
263 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
267 Internationalization and Locale
271 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
275 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
279 Server and Daemon Utilities
283 Archiving and Compression
287 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
295 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
299 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
303 Miscellaneous Modules
307 The list of the registered CPAN sites follows.
308 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
320 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
321 European and the South American sites.
323 Registered CPAN sites
326 Generated by Porting/make_modlib_cpan.pl
334 http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
335 ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
336 http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
337 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
338 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
348 http://cpan.wenzk.com/
352 http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
353 ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
354 http://mirrors.geoexpat.com/cpan/
358 http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/
362 http://cpan.biz.net.id/
363 http://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/
364 ftp://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/
365 http://cpan.cermin.lipi.go.id/
366 ftp://cermin.lipi.go.id/pub/CPAN/
367 http://cpan.pesat.net.id/
371 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
372 ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
373 http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
374 ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
375 http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
376 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
377 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
378 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
379 http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
380 ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
381 http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
382 ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
384 =item Republic of Korea
386 http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN
387 ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN
388 http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/
389 ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/
390 http://cpan.sarang.net/
391 ftp://cpan.sarang.net/CPAN/
395 http://cpan.tomsk.ru/
400 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
401 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
402 http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/
403 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
404 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
408 http://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
409 ftp://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
410 http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
411 ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
412 ftp://ftp.ncu.edu.tw/CPAN/
413 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
414 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
415 http://cpan.stu.edu.tw
416 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN
417 http://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN
418 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
419 http://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/
420 ftp://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
424 http://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/
425 ftp://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/
426 http://mirror.yourconnect.com/CPAN/
427 ftp://mirror.yourconnect.com/CPAN/
431 http://cpan.gazi.edu.tr/
435 =head2 Central America
441 http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
442 ftp://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
452 http://cpan.inode.at/
454 http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/
455 ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
459 http://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
460 ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
461 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
462 http://cpan.weepee.org/
464 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
466 http://cpan.blic.net/
470 http://cpan.cbox.biz/
471 ftp://cpan.cbox.biz/cpan/
472 http://cpan.digsys.bg/
473 ftp://ftp.digsys.bg/pub/CPAN
477 http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
478 ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
482 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
483 http://archive.cpan.cz/
487 http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan
488 ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
490 http://mirror.uni-c.dk/pub/CPAN/
494 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
495 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
499 http://cpan.enstimac.fr/
500 ftp://ftp.inria.fr/pub/CPAN/
501 http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
502 ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
503 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
504 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
505 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
506 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/
507 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
508 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
509 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
510 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
512 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
516 ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/
517 http://mirrors.softliste.de/cpan/
518 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
519 http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/
520 http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
521 ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
522 http://www.mirrorspace.org/cpan/
523 http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
524 ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
525 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
526 http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
527 ftp://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
528 http://mirrors.zerg.biz/cpan/
529 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
530 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
531 http://dl.ambiweb.de/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
532 http://cpan.mirror.clusters.kg/
533 http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/
534 ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/
535 http://cpan.mirroring.de/
536 http://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
537 ftp://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
538 http://www.chemmedia.de/mirrors/CPAN/
539 http://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/
540 ftp://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/
541 http://cpan.cpantesters.org/
542 ftp://cpan.cpantesters.org/CPAN/
543 http://cpan.mirrored.de/
544 ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/
545 http://cpan.noris.de/
546 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
547 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
548 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
552 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
553 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
554 http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/
555 ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
559 http://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/
560 ftp://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/mirrors/cpan/
565 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
566 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
570 http://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
571 ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
572 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
573 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
577 http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/
579 ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
583 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
587 http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
588 ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
592 http://cpan.waldonet.net.mt/
596 ftp://ftp.quicknet.nl/pub/CPAN/
597 http://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/
598 ftp://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/
599 http://mirrors3.kernel.org/cpan/
600 ftp://mirrors3.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
601 http://cpan.mirror.versatel.nl/
602 ftp://ftp.mirror.versatel.nl/cpan/
603 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
604 http://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/
605 ftp://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/
606 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
607 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
608 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
609 http://luxitude.net/cpan/
613 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
614 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
618 http://piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
619 ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
620 http://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN
621 ftp://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN
622 ftp://ftp.ps.pl/pub/CPAN/
623 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
624 ftp://ftp.tpnet.pl/d4/CPAN/
628 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
629 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
630 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
633 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
634 http://mirrors.nfsi.pt/CPAN/
635 ftp://mirrors.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN/
636 http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/
640 http://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/
641 ftp://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/
642 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
643 http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/
644 http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/ftp.cpan.org/
645 ftp://ftp.hostingromania.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
646 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
650 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/
651 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
652 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
653 ftp://ftp.SpringDaemons.com/pub/CPAN/
654 http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/
655 http://ftp.silvernet.ru/CPAN/
656 http://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/
657 ftp://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/
661 http://cpan.fyxm.net/
665 http://www.klevze.si/cpan
669 http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/
670 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
671 http://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/
672 ftp://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/
676 http://mirrors4.kernel.org/cpan/
677 ftp://mirrors4.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
681 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
682 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
683 ftp://ftp.adwired.ch/CPAN/
684 http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/
685 ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
689 http://cpan.makeperl.org/
690 ftp://cpan.makeperl.org/pub/CPAN
692 http://cpan.gafol.net/
693 ftp://ftp.gafol.net/pub/cpan/
697 http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
698 ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
699 http://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
700 ftp://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
701 http://www.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/
702 ftp://ftp.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/
703 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
704 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
705 http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
706 ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
707 http://cpan.etla.org/
708 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
709 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
710 http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/
711 ftp://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/pub/CPAN/
712 http://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/
713 ftp://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/
714 http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
715 ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
716 http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/
717 ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/
718 http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
719 ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
729 http://www.securehost.com/mirror/CPAN/
733 http://cpan.arcticnetwork.ca
734 ftp://mirror.arcticnetwork.ca/pub/CPAN
735 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
736 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
737 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
738 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
739 http://arwen.cs.dal.ca/mirror/CPAN/
740 ftp://arwen.cs.dal.ca/pub/mirror/CPAN/
741 http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/
742 ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/
743 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
744 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/
745 ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/
749 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
750 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
758 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
759 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
763 http://cpan.ezarticleinformation.com/
767 http://cpan.knowledgematters.net/
768 http://cpan.binkerton.com/
769 http://cpan.develooper.com/
770 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
771 http://cpan.schatt.com/
772 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
773 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
774 http://mirrors2.kernel.org/cpan/
775 ftp://mirrors2.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
776 http://cpan.mirror.facebook.net/
777 http://mirrors1.kernel.org/cpan/
778 ftp://mirrors1.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
779 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
780 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
781 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
785 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
786 http://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/
787 ftp://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/
791 http://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/pub/cpan/
792 ftp://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/cpan/
796 http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/
797 http://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/
798 ftp://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/
799 http://mirrors.servercentral.net/CPAN/
800 http://www.stathy.com/CPAN/
801 ftp://www.stathy.com/CPAN/
805 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
806 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
807 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
808 http://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/
809 ftp://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/
813 http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/CPAN/
817 http://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/
818 ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/
822 http://cpan.msi.umn.edu/
826 http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/
827 ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/
831 http://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/
832 ftp://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/
833 http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
834 ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
835 http://cpan.belfry.net/
836 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
837 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/
838 http://cpan.hexten.net/
839 ftp://cpan.hexten.net/
840 ftp://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/
841 http://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
842 ftp://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
846 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN
847 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
851 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
852 ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
856 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
857 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
858 http://cpan.pair.com/
859 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
863 http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/
867 http://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/
871 http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN
875 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
879 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
880 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
881 http://perl.secsup.org/
882 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
883 ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
887 http://cpan.llarian.net/
888 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
889 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
893 http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net
894 ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN
895 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
896 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
908 http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
909 ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
910 http://cpan.mirror.aussiehq.net.au/
911 http://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/
912 ftp://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/
916 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
917 http://cpan.inspire.net.nz
918 ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan
919 http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/
920 ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/
930 http://cpan.patan.com.ar/
931 http://cpan.localhost.net.ar
932 ftp://mirrors.localhost.net.ar/pub/mirrors/CPAN
936 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
937 http://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN
938 ftp://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN
939 http://cpan.kinghost.net/
943 http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/
944 ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/
948 http://www.laqee.unal.edu.co/CPAN/
954 mirror.as24220.net::cpan
956 gd.tuwien.ac.at::CPAN
957 ftp.belnet.be::packages/cpan
958 rsync.linorg.usp.br::CPAN
959 rsync.arcticnetwork.ca::CPAN
960 CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca::CPAN
961 mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca::CPAN
962 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
963 www.laqee.unal.edu.co::CPAN
964 mirror.uni-c.dk::CPAN
965 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
966 rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
968 miroir-francais.fr::cpan
970 rsync://mirror.cict.fr/cpan/
971 rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
972 ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de::CPAN/
973 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
974 cpan.mirror.iphh.net::CPAN
975 cpan.cpantesters.org::cpan
978 mirror.unej.ac.id::cpan
979 ftp.esat.net::/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
980 ftp.heanet.ie::mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
982 cpan.fastbull.org::CPAN
983 ftp.kddilabs.jp::cpan
984 ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp::cpan/
985 rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
986 rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/
987 mirror.linuxiso.kz::CPAN
988 rsync://mirrors3.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
989 rsync://rsync.osmirror.nl/cpan/
990 mirror.leaseweb.com::CPAN
991 cpan.nautile.nc::CPAN
992 mirror.icis.pcz.pl::CPAN
993 piotrkosoft.net::mirrors/CPAN
994 rsync://cpan.perl.pt/
995 ftp.kaist.ac.kr::cpan
996 cpan.sarang.net::CPAN
997 mirror.averse.net::cpan
998 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
1000 ftp.is.co.za::IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
1001 rsync://ftp.gui.uva.es/cpan/
1002 rsync://mirrors4.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
1004 ftp.ulak.net.tr::CPAN
1006 rsync.mirrorservice.org::ftp.funet.fi/pub/
1007 rsync://rsync.mirror.8086.net/CPAN/
1008 rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
1009 mirror.bytemark.co.uk::CPAN
1011 rsync://ftp.ticklers.org:CPAN/
1012 mirrors.ibiblio.org::CPAN
1013 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
1014 mirror.hiwaay.net::CPAN
1015 rsync://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/
1016 cpan.mirrors.tds.net::CPAN
1017 mirror.its.uidaho.edu::cpan
1018 rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu::cpan/
1019 ftp.fxcorporate.com::CPAN
1020 rsync.atlantic.net::CPAN
1021 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
1022 rsync://mirrors2.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
1024 rsync://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
1025 rsync://mirror.facebook.net/cpan/
1026 rsync://mirrors1.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
1027 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
1029 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1030 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1032 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1034 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1035 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1037 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1038 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1039 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1040 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1041 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1042 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1044 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1045 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1046 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1047 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1048 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1049 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1050 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1051 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perlobj>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1052 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1054 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1060 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1062 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1063 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1064 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1065 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1066 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1067 with command line options.
1069 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1070 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1071 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1072 scheme as the original author.
1076 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1078 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1079 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1080 of code that need less warnings.
1082 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1083 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1088 return bless {}, $class;
1091 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1092 or a virtual method.
1096 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1097 return bless {}, $class;
1100 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1101 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1102 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1103 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1105 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1106 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1107 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1108 class names as far as possible.
1110 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1111 C<< $r->func() >> would work.
1113 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1114 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1115 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1117 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1119 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1120 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1121 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1122 does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >>
1123 into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ?
1125 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1126 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1127 information in objects.
1131 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1132 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1133 of code that need less strictness.
1137 Follow the guidelines in L<perlstyle>.
1143 Some simple style guidelines
1145 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1147 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1148 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1149 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1150 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1152 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1153 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1154 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1155 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1157 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1158 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1159 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1160 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1162 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1163 or nature of a variable. For example:
1165 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1166 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1167 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1169 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1170 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1172 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1173 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1177 Select what to export.
1179 Do NOT export method names!
1181 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1183 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1184 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1185 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1187 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1188 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1189 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1190 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1192 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1193 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1194 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1197 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1198 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1199 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1203 Select a name for the module.
1205 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1206 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1207 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1208 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1209 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1210 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1211 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1213 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1214 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1215 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1216 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1218 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1219 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1220 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1221 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1223 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1224 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1227 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1228 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1229 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1230 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1231 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1233 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1234 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1235 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1239 Have you got it right?
1241 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1242 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1243 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1245 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1246 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1247 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1249 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1250 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1251 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1252 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1254 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1255 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1256 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1260 README and other Additional Files.
1262 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1263 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1264 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1265 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1271 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1275 A copyright notice - see below.
1279 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1283 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1291 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1295 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1299 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1300 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1307 Adding a Copyright Notice.
1309 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1310 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1311 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1313 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
1314 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
1315 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
1316 just using the GNU GPL.
1318 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1319 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1321 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1322 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1323 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1325 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
1326 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
1327 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
1331 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
1333 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
1334 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
1335 variable called $VERSION. This should be a positive floating point
1336 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
1337 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
1338 See L<Exporter> for details.
1340 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
1341 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
1342 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
1343 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
1347 How to release and distribute a module.
1349 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
1350 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
1351 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
1354 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
1355 include details of its location in your announcement.
1357 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
1358 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
1359 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
1360 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
1361 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
1362 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
1363 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
1366 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
1368 Follow the instructions and links on:
1370 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
1371 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
1373 or upload to one of these sites:
1375 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
1376 http://pause.perl.org/
1378 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
1380 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
1381 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
1384 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
1388 Take care when changing a released module.
1390 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
1391 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
1392 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
1398 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1404 There is no requirement to convert anything.
1406 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
1407 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
1408 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
1409 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
1413 Consider the implications.
1415 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
1416 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
1417 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
1421 Make the most of the opportunity.
1423 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
1424 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
1425 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
1429 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
1431 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
1432 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
1438 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
1442 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
1446 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
1450 Several other minor changes
1454 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
1455 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
1456 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
1460 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1466 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
1470 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
1472 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
1477 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
1481 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
1485 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
1487 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
1488 the application could invoked as:
1490 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
1492 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
1498 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
1499 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
1500 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
1501 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
1502 because it has a shotgun.
1504 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
1505 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
1506 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
1507 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
1508 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
1509 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
1513 close MANIFEST or warn "$0: failed to close MANIFEST (../MANIFEST): $!";
1514 close OUT or warn "$0: failed to close OUT (perlmodlib.pod): $!";