6 our $VERSION = '2.006';
10 C<Socket> - networking constants and support functions
14 C<Socket> a low-level module used by, among other things, the L<IO::Socket>
15 family of modules. The following examples demonstrate some low-level uses but
16 a practical program would likely use the higher-level API provided by
17 C<IO::Socket> or similar instead.
19 use Socket qw(PF_INET SOCK_STREAM pack_sockaddr_in inet_aton);
21 socket(my $socket, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
24 my $port = getservbyname "echo", "tcp";
25 connect($socket, pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton("localhost")))
28 print $socket "Hello, world!\n";
31 See also the L</EXAMPLES> section.
35 This module provides a variety of constants, structure manipulators and other
36 functions related to socket-based networking. The values and functions
37 provided are useful when used in conjunction with Perl core functions such as
38 socket(), setsockopt() and bind(). It also provides several other support
39 functions, mostly for dealing with conversions of network addresses between
40 human-readable and native binary forms, and for hostname resolver operations.
42 Some constants and functions are exported by default by this module; but for
43 backward-compatibility any recently-added symbols are not exported by default
44 and must be requested explicitly. When an import list is provided to the
45 C<use Socket> line, the default exports are not automatically imported. It is
46 therefore best practice to always to explicitly list all the symbols required.
48 Also, some common socket "newline" constants are provided: the constants
49 C<CR>, C<LF>, and C<CRLF>, as well as C<$CR>, C<$LF>, and C<$CRLF>, which map
50 to C<\015>, C<\012>, and C<\015\012>. If you do not want to use the literal
51 characters in your programs, then use the constants provided here. They are
52 not exported by default, but can be imported individually, and with the
55 use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);
57 $sock->print("GET / HTTP/1.0$CRLF");
59 The entire getaddrinfo() subsystem can be exported using the tag C<:addrinfo>;
60 this exports the getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() functions, and all the
61 C<AI_*>, C<NI_*>, C<NIx_*> and C<EAI_*> constants.
67 In each of the following groups, there may be many more constants provided
68 than just the ones given as examples in the section heading. If the heading
69 ends C<...> then this means there are likely more; the exact constants
70 provided will depend on the OS and headers found at compile-time.
74 =head2 PF_INET, PF_INET6, PF_UNIX, ...
76 Protocol family constants to use as the first argument to socket() or the
77 value of the C<SO_DOMAIN> or C<SO_FAMILY> socket option.
79 =head2 AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, ...
81 Address family constants used by the socket address structures, to pass to
82 such functions as inet_pton() or getaddrinfo(), or are returned by such
83 functions as sockaddr_family().
85 =head2 SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, ...
87 Socket type constants to use as the second argument to socket(), or the value
88 of the C<SO_TYPE> socket option.
90 =head2 SOCK_NONBLOCK. SOCK_CLOEXEC
92 Linux-specific shortcuts to specify the C<O_NONBLOCK> and C<FD_CLOEXEC> flags
93 during a C<socket(2)> call.
95 socket( my $sockh, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0 )
99 Socket option level constant for setsockopt() and getsockopt().
101 =head2 SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_ERROR, ...
103 Socket option name constants for setsockopt() and getsockopt() at the
106 =head2 IP_OPTIONS, IP_TOS, IP_TTL, ...
108 Socket option name constants for IPv4 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IP>
111 =head2 MSG_BCAST, MSG_OOB, MSG_TRUNC, ...
113 Message flag constants for send() and recv().
115 =head2 SHUT_RD, SHUT_RDWR, SHUT_WR
117 Direction constants for shutdown().
119 =head2 INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE
121 Constants giving the special C<AF_INET> addresses for wildcard, broadcast,
122 local loopback, and invalid addresses.
124 Normally equivalent to inet_aton('0.0.0.0'), inet_aton('255.255.255.255'),
125 inet_aton('localhost') and inet_aton('255.255.255.255') respectively.
127 =head2 IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, ...
129 IP protocol constants to use as the third argument to socket(), the level
130 argument to getsockopt() or setsockopt(), or the value of the C<SO_PROTOCOL>
133 =head2 TCP_CORK, TCP_KEEPALIVE, TCP_NODELAY, ...
135 Socket option name constants for TCP socket options at the C<IPPROTO_TCP>
138 =head2 IN6ADDR_ANY, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
140 Constants giving the special C<AF_INET6> addresses for wildcard and local
143 Normally equivalent to inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::") and
144 inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::1") respectively.
146 =head2 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_MTU, IPV6_V6ONLY, ...
148 Socket option name constants for IPv6 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IPV6>
153 # Still undocumented: SCM_*, SOMAXCONN, IOV_MAX, UIO_MAXIOV
155 =head1 STRUCTURE MANIPULATORS
157 The following functions convert between lists of Perl values and packed binary
158 strings representing structures.
162 =head2 $family = sockaddr_family $sockaddr
164 Takes a packed socket address (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
165 pack_sockaddr_un() or the perl builtin functions getsockname() and
166 getpeername()). Returns the address family tag. This will be one of the
167 C<AF_*> constants, such as C<AF_INET> for a C<sockaddr_in> addresses or
168 C<AF_UNIX> for a C<sockaddr_un>. It can be used to figure out what unpack to
169 use for a sockaddr of unknown type.
171 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
173 Takes two arguments, a port number and an opaque string (as returned by
174 inet_aton(), or a v-string). Returns the C<sockaddr_in> structure with those
175 arguments packed in and C<AF_INET> filled in. For Internet domain sockets,
176 this structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(),
177 connect(), and send().
179 =head2 ($port, $ip_address) = unpack_sockaddr_in $sockaddr
181 Takes a C<sockaddr_in> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
182 getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of two elements: the port and an
183 opaque string representing the IP address (you can use inet_ntoa() to convert
184 the address to the four-dotted numeric format). Will croak if the structure
185 does not represent an C<AF_INET> address.
187 In scalar context will return just the IP address.
189 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
191 =head2 ($port, $ip_address) = sockaddr_in $sockaddr
193 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in(). In list context,
194 unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the port and IP address.
195 In scalar context, packs its port and IP address arguments as a C<sockaddr_in>
198 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
199 pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in() explicitly.
201 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
203 Takes two to four arguments, a port number, an opaque string (as returned by
204 inet_pton()), optionally a scope ID number, and optionally a flow label
205 number. Returns the C<sockaddr_in6> structure with those arguments packed in
206 and C<AF_INET6> filled in. IPv6 equivalent of pack_sockaddr_in().
208 =head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
210 Takes a C<sockaddr_in6> structure. Returns a list of four elements: the port
211 number, an opaque string representing the IPv6 address, the scope ID, and the
212 flow label. (You can use inet_ntop() to convert the address to the usual
213 string format). Will croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_INET6>
216 In scalar context will return just the IP address.
218 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
220 =head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
222 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In list context,
223 unpacks its argument according to unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In scalar context,
224 packs its arguments according to pack_sockaddr_in6().
226 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
227 pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6() explicitly.
229 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_un $path
231 Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the C<sockaddr_un> structure with that
232 path packed in with C<AF_UNIX> filled in. For C<PF_UNIX> sockets, this
233 structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(), connect(),
236 =head2 ($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un $sockaddr
238 Takes a C<sockaddr_un> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_un(),
239 getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of one element: the pathname. Will
240 croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_UNIX> address.
242 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_un $path
244 =head2 ($path) = sockaddr_un $sockaddr
246 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un(). In a list context,
247 unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the pathname. In a
248 scalar context, packs its pathname as a C<sockaddr_un> and returns it.
250 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
251 pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un() explicitly.
253 These are only supported if your system has E<lt>F<sys/un.h>E<gt>.
255 =head2 $ip_mreq = pack_ip_mreq $multiaddr, $interface
257 Takes an IPv4 multicast address and optionally an interface address (or
258 C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq> structure with those arguments packed
259 in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP>
262 =head2 ($multiaddr, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq $ip_mreq
264 Takes an C<ip_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv4
265 multicast address and interface address.
267 =head2 $ip_mreq_source = pack_ip_mreq_source $multiaddr, $source, $interface
269 Takes an IPv4 multicast address, source address, and optionally an interface
270 address (or C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq_source> structure with those
271 arguments packed in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP>
272 and C<IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
274 =head2 ($multiaddr, $source, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq_source $ip_mreq
276 Takes an C<ip_mreq_source> structure. Returns a list of three elements; the
277 IPv4 multicast address, source address and interface address.
279 =head2 $ipv6_mreq = pack_ipv6_mreq $multiaddr6, $ifindex
281 Takes an IPv6 multicast address and an interface number. Returns the
282 C<ipv6_mreq> structure with those arguments packed in. Suitable for use with
283 the C<IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
285 =head2 ($multiaddr6, $ifindex) = unpack_ipv6_mreq $ipv6_mreq
287 Takes an C<ipv6_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv6
288 address and an interface number.
296 =head2 $ip_address = inet_aton $string
298 Takes a string giving the name of a host, or a textual representation of an IP
299 address and translates that to an packed binary address structure suitable to
300 pass to pack_sockaddr_in(). If passed a hostname that cannot be resolved,
301 returns C<undef>. For multi-homed hosts (hosts with more than one address),
302 the first address found is returned.
304 For portability do not assume that the result of inet_aton() is 32 bits wide,
305 in other words, that it would contain only the IPv4 address in network order.
307 This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
308 code should use getaddrinfo() or inet_pton() instead for IPv6 support.
310 =head2 $string = inet_ntoa $ip_address
312 Takes a packed binary address structure such as returned by
313 unpack_sockaddr_in() (or a v-string representing the four octets of the IPv4
314 address in network order) and translates it into a string of the form
315 C<d.d.d.d> where the C<d>s are numbers less than 256 (the normal
316 human-readable four dotted number notation for Internet addresses).
318 This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
319 code should use getnameinfo() or inet_ntop() instead for IPv6 support.
321 =head2 $address = inet_pton $family, $string
323 Takes an address family (such as C<AF_INET> or C<AF_INET6>) and a string
324 containing a textual representation of an address in that family and
325 translates that to an packed binary address structure.
327 See also getaddrinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to look up
328 socket addresses given hostnames or textual addresses.
330 =head2 $string = inet_ntop $family, $address
332 Takes an address family and a packed binary address structure and translates
333 it into a human-readable textual representation of the address; typically in
334 C<d.d.d.d> form for C<AF_INET> or C<hhhh:hhhh::hhhh> form for C<AF_INET6>.
336 See also getnameinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to turn
337 socket addresses into human-readable textual representations.
339 =head2 ($err, @result) = getaddrinfo $host, $service, [$hints]
341 Given both a hostname and service name, this function attempts to resolve the
342 host name into a list of network addresses, and the service name into a
343 protocol and port number, and then returns a list of address structures
344 suitable to connect() to it.
346 Given just a host name, this function attempts to resolve it to a list of
347 network addresses, and then returns a list of address structures giving these
350 Given just a service name, this function attempts to resolve it to a protocol
351 and port number, and then returns a list of address structures that represent
352 it suitable to bind() to. This use should be combined with the C<AI_PASSIVE>
355 Given neither name, it generates an error.
357 If present, $hints should be a reference to a hash, where the following keys
364 A bitfield containing C<AI_*> constants; see below.
368 Restrict to only generating addresses in this address family
370 =item socktype => INT
372 Restrict to only generating addresses of this socket type
374 =item protocol => INT
376 Restrict to only generating addresses for this protocol
380 The return value will be a list; the first value being an error indication,
381 followed by a list of address structures (if no error occurred).
383 The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EI_*> error constants,
384 or printable as a human-readable error message string. If no error occurred it
385 will be zero numerically and an empty string.
387 Each value in the results list will be a hash reference containing the following
394 The address family (e.g. C<AF_INET>)
396 =item socktype => INT
398 The socket type (e.g. C<SOCK_STREAM>)
400 =item protocol => INT
402 The protocol (e.g. C<IPPROTO_TCP>)
406 The address in a packed string (such as would be returned by
409 =item canonname => STRING
411 The canonical name for the host if the C<AI_CANONNAME> flag was provided, or
412 C<undef> otherwise. This field will only be present on the first returned
417 The following flag constants are recognised in the $hints hash. Other flag
418 constants may exist as provided by the OS.
424 Indicates that this resolution is for a local bind() for a passive (i.e.
425 listening) socket, rather than an active (i.e. connecting) socket.
429 Indicates that the caller wishes the canonical hostname (C<canonname>) field
430 of the result to be filled in.
434 Indicates that the caller will pass a numeric address, rather than a hostname,
435 and that getaddrinfo() must not perform a resolve operation on this name. This
436 flag will prevent a possibly-slow network lookup operation, and instead return
437 an error if a hostname is passed.
441 =head2 ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo $sockaddr, [$flags, [$xflags]]
443 Given a packed socket address (such as from getsockname(), getpeername(), or
444 returned by getaddrinfo() in a C<addr> field), returns the hostname and
445 symbolic service name it represents. $flags may be a bitmask of C<NI_*>
446 constants, or defaults to 0 if unspecified.
448 The return value will be a list; the first value being an error condition,
449 followed by the hostname and service name.
451 The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EI_*> error constants,
452 or printable as a human-readable error message string. The host and service
453 names will be plain strings.
455 The following flag constants are recognised as $flags. Other flag constants may
456 exist as provided by the OS.
462 Requests that a human-readable string representation of the numeric address be
463 returned directly, rather than performing a name resolve operation that may
464 convert it into a hostname. This will also avoid potentially-blocking network
469 Requests that the port number be returned directly as a number representation
470 rather than performing a name resolve operation that may convert it into a
475 If a name resolve operation fails to provide a name, then this flag will cause
476 getnameinfo() to indicate an error, rather than returning the numeric
477 representation as a human-readable string.
481 Indicates that the socket address relates to a C<SOCK_DGRAM> socket, for the
482 services whose name differs between TCP and UDP protocols.
486 The following constants may be supplied as $xflags.
492 Indicates that the caller is not interested in the hostname of the result, so
493 it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the hostname.
497 Indicates that the caller is not interested in the service name of the result,
498 so it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the service
503 =head1 getaddrinfo() / getnameinfo() ERROR CONSTANTS
505 The following constants may be returned by getaddrinfo() or getnameinfo().
506 Others may be provided by the OS.
512 A temporary failure occurred during name resolution. The operation may be
513 successful if it is retried later.
517 The value of the C<flags> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the $flags parameter to
518 getnameinfo() contains unrecognised flags.
522 The C<family> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the family of the socket address
523 passed to getnameinfo() is not supported.
527 The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() did not provide any usable address
532 The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() does not exist, or the address
533 supplied to getnameinfo() is not associated with a host name and the
534 C<NI_NAMEREQD> flag was supplied.
538 The service name supplied to getaddrinfo() is not available for the socket
539 type given in the $hints.
547 =head2 Lookup for connect()
549 The getaddrinfo() function converts a hostname and a service name into a list
550 of structures, each containing a potential way to connect() to the named
551 service on the named host.
554 use Socket qw(SOCK_STREAM getaddrinfo);
556 my %hints = (socktype => SOCK_STREAM);
557 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo("localhost", "echo", \%hints);
558 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
562 foreach my $ai (@res) {
563 my $candidate = IO::Socket->new();
565 $candidate->socket($ai->{family}, $ai->{socktype}, $ai->{protocol})
568 $candidate->connect($ai->{addr})
575 die "Cannot connect to localhost:echo" unless $sock;
577 $sock->print("Hello, world!\n");
580 Because a list of potential candidates is returned, the C<while> loop tries
581 each in turn until it it finds one that succeeds both the socket() and
584 This function performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname(),
585 getservbyname(), inet_aton() and pack_sockaddr_in().
587 In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
589 =head2 Making a human-readable string out of an address
591 The getnameinfo() function converts a socket address, such as returned by
592 getsockname() or getpeername(), into a pair of human-readable strings
593 representing the address and service name.
596 use Socket qw(getnameinfo);
598 my $server = IO::Socket::IP->new(LocalPort => 12345, Listen => 1) or
599 die "Cannot listen - $@";
601 my $socket = $server->accept or die "accept: $!";
603 my ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo($socket->peername);
604 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
606 print "The peer is connected from $hostname\n";
608 Since in this example only the hostname was used, the redundant conversion of
609 the port number into a service name may be omitted by passing the
612 use Socket qw(getnameinfo NIx_NOSERV);
614 my ($err, $hostname) = getnameinfo($socket->peername, 0, NIx_NOSERV);
616 This function performs the work of the legacy functions unpack_sockaddr_in(),
617 inet_ntoa(), gethostbyaddr() and getservbyport().
619 In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
621 =head2 Resolving hostnames into IP addresses
623 To turn a hostname into a human-readable plain IP address use getaddrinfo()
624 to turn the hostname into a list of socket structures, then getnameinfo() on
625 each one to make it a readable IP address again.
627 use Socket qw(:addrinfo SOCK_RAW);
629 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo($hostname, "", {socktype => SOCK_RAW});
630 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
632 while( my $ai = shift @res ) {
633 my ($err, $ipaddr) = getnameinfo($ai->{addr}, NI_NUMERICHOST, NIx_NOSERV);
634 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
639 The C<socktype> hint to getaddrinfo() filters the results to only include one
640 socket type and protocol. Without this most OSes return three combinations,
641 for C<SOCK_STREAM>, C<SOCK_DGRAM> and C<SOCK_RAW>, resulting in triplicate
642 output of addresses. The C<NI_NUMERICHOST> flag to getnameinfo() causes it to
643 return a string-formatted plain IP address, rather than reverse resolving it
644 back into a hostname.
646 This combination performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname()
649 =head2 Accessing socket options
651 The many C<SO_*> and other constants provide the socket option names for
652 getsockopt() and setsockopt().
654 use IO::Socket::INET;
655 use Socket qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_RCVBUF IPPROTO_IP IP_TTL);
657 my $socket = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalPort => 0, Proto => 'udp')
658 or die "Cannot create socket: $@";
660 $socket->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 64*1024) or
661 die "setsockopt: $!";
663 print "Receive buffer is ", $socket->getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF),
666 print "IP TTL is ", $socket->getsockopt(IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL), "\n";
668 As a convenience, L<IO::Socket>'s setsockopt() method will convert a number
669 into a packed byte buffer, and getsockopt() will unpack a byte buffer of the
670 correct size back into a number.
676 This module was originally maintained in Perl core by the Perl 5 Porters.
678 It was extracted to dual-life on CPAN at version 1.95 by
679 Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
684 use warnings::register;
688 our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
690 # <@Nicholas> you can't change @EXPORT without breaking the implicit API
691 # Please put any new constants in @EXPORT_OK!
693 # List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
694 # consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
696 PF_802 PF_AAL PF_APPLETALK PF_CCITT PF_CHAOS PF_CTF PF_DATAKIT
697 PF_DECnet PF_DLI PF_ECMA PF_GOSIP PF_HYLINK PF_IMPLINK PF_INET PF_INET6
698 PF_ISO PF_KEY PF_LAST PF_LAT PF_LINK PF_MAX PF_NBS PF_NIT PF_NS PF_OSI
699 PF_OSINET PF_PUP PF_ROUTE PF_SNA PF_UNIX PF_UNSPEC PF_USER PF_WAN
702 AF_802 AF_AAL AF_APPLETALK AF_CCITT AF_CHAOS AF_CTF AF_DATAKIT
703 AF_DECnet AF_DLI AF_ECMA AF_GOSIP AF_HYLINK AF_IMPLINK AF_INET AF_INET6
704 AF_ISO AF_KEY AF_LAST AF_LAT AF_LINK AF_MAX AF_NBS AF_NIT AF_NS AF_OSI
705 AF_OSINET AF_PUP AF_ROUTE AF_SNA AF_UNIX AF_UNSPEC AF_USER AF_WAN
708 SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_RAW SOCK_RDM SOCK_SEQPACKET SOCK_STREAM
712 SO_ACCEPTCONN SO_ATTACH_FILTER SO_BACKLOG SO_BROADCAST SO_CHAMELEON
713 SO_DEBUG SO_DETACH_FILTER SO_DGRAM_ERRIND SO_DOMAIN SO_DONTLINGER
714 SO_DONTROUTE SO_ERROR SO_FAMILY SO_KEEPALIVE SO_LINGER SO_OOBINLINE
715 SO_PASSCRED SO_PASSIFNAME SO_PEERCRED SO_PROTOCOL SO_PROTOTYPE
716 SO_RCVBUF SO_RCVLOWAT SO_RCVTIMEO SO_REUSEADDR SO_REUSEPORT
717 SO_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_NETWORK
718 SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_TRANSPORT SO_SNDBUF SO_SNDLOWAT SO_SNDTIMEO
719 SO_STATE SO_TYPE SO_USELOOPBACK SO_XOPEN SO_XSE
721 IP_OPTIONS IP_HDRINCL IP_TOS IP_TTL IP_RECVOPTS IP_RECVRETOPTS
724 MSG_BCAST MSG_BTAG MSG_CTLFLAGS MSG_CTLIGNORE MSG_CTRUNC MSG_DONTROUTE
725 MSG_DONTWAIT MSG_EOF MSG_EOR MSG_ERRQUEUE MSG_ETAG MSG_FIN
726 MSG_MAXIOVLEN MSG_MCAST MSG_NOSIGNAL MSG_OOB MSG_PEEK MSG_PROXY MSG_RST
727 MSG_SYN MSG_TRUNC MSG_URG MSG_WAITALL MSG_WIRE
729 SHUT_RD SHUT_RDWR SHUT_WR
731 INADDR_ANY INADDR_BROADCAST INADDR_LOOPBACK INADDR_NONE
733 SCM_CONNECT SCM_CREDENTIALS SCM_CREDS SCM_RIGHTS SCM_TIMESTAMP
741 pack_sockaddr_in unpack_sockaddr_in sockaddr_in
742 pack_sockaddr_in6 unpack_sockaddr_in6 sockaddr_in6
743 pack_sockaddr_un unpack_sockaddr_un sockaddr_un
748 # List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
749 # consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
751 CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF
753 SOCK_NONBLOCK SOCK_CLOEXEC
755 IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP
756 IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_MULTICAST_IF IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
759 IPPROTO_IP IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_RAW IPPROTO_ICMP IPPROTO_TCP
762 TCP_CONGESTION TCP_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT TCP_CORK TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT TCP_INFO
763 TCP_INIT_CWND TCP_KEEPALIVE TCP_KEEPCNT TCP_KEEPIDLE TCP_KEEPINTVL
764 TCP_LINGER2 TCP_MAXRT TCP_MAXSEG TCP_MD5SIG TCP_NODELAY TCP_NOOPT
765 TCP_NOPUSH TCP_QUICKACK TCP_SACK_ENABLE TCP_STDURG TCP_SYNCNT
768 IN6ADDR_ANY IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
770 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_JOIN_GROUP
771 IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP IPV6_MTU IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS
772 IPV6_MULTICAST_IF IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS IPV6_V6ONLY
774 pack_ip_mreq unpack_ip_mreq pack_ip_mreq_source unpack_ip_mreq_source
776 pack_ipv6_mreq unpack_ipv6_mreq
780 getaddrinfo getnameinfo
782 AI_ADDRCONFIG AI_ALL AI_CANONIDN AI_CANONNAME AI_IDN
783 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES AI_NUMERICHOST
784 AI_NUMERICSERV AI_PASSIVE AI_V4MAPPED
786 NI_DGRAM NI_IDN NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES
787 NI_NAMEREQD NI_NOFQDN NI_NUMERICHOST NI_NUMERICSERV
789 NIx_NOHOST NIx_NOSERV
791 EAI_ADDRFAMILY EAI_AGAIN EAI_BADFLAGS EAI_BADHINTS EAI_FAIL EAI_FAMILY
792 EAI_NODATA EAI_NONAME EAI_PROTOCOL EAI_SERVICE EAI_SOCKTYPE EAI_SYSTEM
796 crlf => [qw(CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF)],
797 addrinfo => [qw(getaddrinfo getnameinfo), grep m/^(?:AI|NI|NIx|EAI)_/, @EXPORT_OK],
798 all => [@EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK],
804 sub CRLF () {"\015\012"}
806 # These are not gni() constants; they're extensions for the perl API
807 # The definitions in Socket.pm and Socket.xs must match
808 sub NIx_NOHOST() {1 << 0}
809 sub NIx_NOSERV() {1 << 1}
817 if (@_ == 6 && !wantarray) { # perl5.001m compat; use this && die
818 my($af, $port, @quad) = @_;
819 warnings::warn "6-ARG sockaddr_in call is deprecated"
820 if warnings::enabled();
821 pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton(join('.', @quad)));
822 } elsif (wantarray) {
823 croak "usage: (port,iaddr) = sockaddr_in(sin_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
824 unpack_sockaddr_in(@_);
826 croak "usage: sin_sv = sockaddr_in(port,iaddr))" unless @_ == 2;
827 pack_sockaddr_in(@_);
833 croak "usage: (port,in6addr,scope_id,flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6(sin6_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
834 unpack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
837 croak "usage: sin6_sv = sockaddr_in6(port,in6addr,[scope_id,[flowinfo]])" unless @_ >= 2 and @_ <= 4;
838 pack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
844 croak "usage: (filename) = sockaddr_un(sun_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
845 unpack_sockaddr_un(@_);
847 croak "usage: sun_sv = sockaddr_un(filename)" unless @_ == 1;
848 pack_sockaddr_un(@_);
852 XSLoader::load(__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
856 if( defined &getaddrinfo ) {
857 # These are not part of the API, nothing uses them, and deleting them
858 # reduces the size of %Socket:: by about 12K
859 delete $Socket::{fake_getaddrinfo};
860 delete $Socket::{fake_getnameinfo};
862 require Scalar::Util;
864 *getaddrinfo = \&fake_getaddrinfo;
865 *getnameinfo = \&fake_getnameinfo;
867 # These numbers borrowed from GNU libc's implementation, but since
868 # they're only used by our emulation, it doesn't matter if the real
869 # platform's values differ
877 # RFC 2553 doesn't define this but Linux does - lets be nice and
878 # provide it since we can
879 AI_NUMERICSERV => 1024,
893 # Constants we don't support. Export them, but croak if anyone tries to
897 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 256,
898 AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 512,
900 NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 64,
901 NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 128,
903 # Error constants we'll never return, so it doesn't matter what value
904 # these have, nor that we don't provide strings for them
906 EAI_BADHINTS => -1000,
907 EAI_PROTOCOL => -1001
910 foreach my $name ( keys %constants ) {
911 my $value = $constants{$name};
914 defined &$name or *$name = sub () { $value };
918 # These strings from RFC 2553
919 EAI_BADFLAGS() => "invalid value for ai_flags",
920 EAI_NONAME() => "nodename nor servname provided, or not known",
921 EAI_NODATA() => "no address associated with nodename",
922 EAI_FAMILY() => "ai_family not supported",
923 EAI_SERVICE() => "servname not supported for ai_socktype",
927 # The following functions are used if the system does not have a
928 # getaddrinfo(3) function in libc; and are used to emulate it for the AF_INET
931 # Borrowed from Regexp::Common::net
932 my $REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL = qr/25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9][0-9]{1,2}/;
933 my $REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD = qr/$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL/;
938 my $errstr = $errno == 0 ? "" : ( $errstr{$errno} || $errno );
939 return Scalar::Util::dualvar( $errno, $errstr );
944 my ( $node, $service, $hints ) = @_;
946 $node = "" unless defined $node;
948 $service = "" unless defined $service;
950 my ( $family, $socktype, $protocol, $flags ) = @$hints{qw( family socktype protocol flags )};
952 $family ||= Socket::AF_INET(); # 0 == AF_UNSPEC, which we want too
953 $family == Socket::AF_INET() or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
961 my $flag_passive = $flags & AI_PASSIVE(); $flags &= ~AI_PASSIVE();
962 my $flag_canonname = $flags & AI_CANONNAME(); $flags &= ~AI_CANONNAME();
963 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & AI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICHOST();
964 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & AI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICSERV();
966 # These constants don't apply to AF_INET-only lookups, so we might as well
967 # just ignore them. For AI_ADDRCONFIG we just presume the host has ability
968 # to talk AF_INET. If not we'd have to return no addresses at all. :)
969 $flags &= ~(AI_V4MAPPED()|AI_ALL()|AI_ADDRCONFIG());
971 $flags & (AI_IDN()|AI_CANONIDN()|AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
972 croak "Socket::getaddrinfo() does not support IDN";
974 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
976 $node eq "" and $service eq "" and return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
981 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numerichost and $node !~ m/^$REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD$/ );
982 ( $canonname, undef, undef, undef, @addrs ) = gethostbyname( $node );
983 defined $canonname or return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
985 undef $canonname unless $flag_canonname;
988 $addrs[0] = $flag_passive ? Socket::inet_aton( "0.0.0.0" )
989 : Socket::inet_aton( "127.0.0.1" );
992 my @ports; # Actually ARRAYrefs of [ socktype, protocol, port ]
995 $protname = getprotobynumber( $protocol );
998 if( $service ne "" and $service !~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
999 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numericserv );
1000 getservbyname( $service, $protname ) or return fake_makeerr( EAI_SERVICE() );
1003 foreach my $this_socktype ( Socket::SOCK_STREAM(), Socket::SOCK_DGRAM(), Socket::SOCK_RAW() ) {
1004 next if $socktype and $this_socktype != $socktype;
1006 my $this_protname = "raw";
1007 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_STREAM() and $this_protname = "tcp";
1008 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_DGRAM() and $this_protname = "udp";
1010 next if $protname and $this_protname ne $protname;
1013 if( $service ne "" ) {
1014 if( $service =~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1018 ( undef, undef, $port, $this_protname ) = getservbyname( $service, $this_protname );
1019 next unless defined $port;
1026 push @ports, [ $this_socktype, scalar getprotobyname( $this_protname ) || 0, $port ];
1030 foreach my $addr ( @addrs ) {
1031 foreach my $portspec ( @ports ) {
1032 my ( $socktype, $protocol, $port ) = @$portspec;
1035 socktype => $socktype,
1036 protocol => $protocol,
1037 addr => Socket::pack_sockaddr_in( $port, $addr ),
1043 # Only supply canonname for the first result
1044 if( defined $canonname ) {
1045 $ret[0]->{canonname} = $canonname;
1048 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), @ret );
1051 sub fake_getnameinfo
1053 my ( $addr, $flags, $xflags ) = @_;
1055 my ( $port, $inetaddr );
1056 eval { ( $port, $inetaddr ) = Socket::unpack_sockaddr_in( $addr ) }
1057 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
1059 my $family = Socket::AF_INET();
1063 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & NI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICHOST();
1064 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & NI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICSERV();
1065 my $flag_nofqdn = $flags & NI_NOFQDN(); $flags &= ~NI_NOFQDN();
1066 my $flag_namereqd = $flags & NI_NAMEREQD(); $flags &= ~NI_NAMEREQD();
1067 my $flag_dgram = $flags & NI_DGRAM() ; $flags &= ~NI_DGRAM();
1069 $flags & (NI_IDN()|NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
1070 croak "Socket::getnameinfo() does not support IDN";
1072 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
1077 if( $xflags & NIx_NOHOST ) {
1080 elsif( $flag_numerichost ) {
1081 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1084 $node = gethostbyaddr( $inetaddr, $family );
1085 if( !defined $node ) {
1086 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if $flag_namereqd;
1087 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1089 elsif( $flag_nofqdn ) {
1090 my ( $shortname ) = split m/\./, $node;
1091 my ( $fqdn ) = gethostbyname $shortname;
1092 $node = $shortname if defined $fqdn and $fqdn eq $node;
1097 if( $xflags & NIx_NOSERV ) {
1100 elsif( $flag_numericserv ) {
1104 my $protname = $flag_dgram ? "udp" : "";
1105 $service = getservbyport( $port, $protname );
1106 if( !defined $service ) {
1111 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), $node, $service );