3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strEQs(GvNAME(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
388 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
398 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
399 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
401 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
409 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
414 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
417 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
418 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
419 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
420 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
421 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
422 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
423 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
425 if (CvNAMED(cv) && CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
426 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
427 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
429 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
430 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
438 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
439 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
440 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
442 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
443 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
444 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
445 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
446 from a reference to CV. */
447 if (exported_constant)
448 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
449 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
454 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
455 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
456 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
462 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
464 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
476 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
484 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
485 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
492 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
495 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
496 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
498 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
499 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
500 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
502 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
503 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
504 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
505 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
510 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
511 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
512 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
513 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
514 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
515 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
516 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
517 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
518 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
519 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
520 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
521 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
522 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
523 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
524 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
525 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
526 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
527 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
528 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
529 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
530 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
531 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
534 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
535 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
540 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
545 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
550 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
551 oldparser = PL_parser;
552 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
553 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
554 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
556 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
560 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
562 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
566 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
569 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
571 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
572 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
573 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
574 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
575 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
576 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
577 it this order as we need an op number before calling
579 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
581 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
587 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
588 compiling after a syntax error */
589 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
590 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
595 : newSVpvn(name,len),
600 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
601 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
602 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
603 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
606 PL_parser = oldparser;
607 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
608 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
611 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
613 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
615 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
622 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
624 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
626 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
628 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
629 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
635 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
639 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
640 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
641 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
642 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
643 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
644 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
648 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
650 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
651 instead of a string/length pair.
657 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
659 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
660 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
664 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
666 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
667 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
668 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
670 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
671 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
672 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
673 up caching info for this glob.
675 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
677 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
681 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
682 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
683 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
684 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
689 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
691 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
692 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
699 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
700 GV* candidate = NULL;
704 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
707 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
709 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
711 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
712 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
718 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
720 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
723 assert(name || meth);
725 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
726 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
727 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
729 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
731 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
732 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
733 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
734 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
736 else cachestash = stash;
738 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
740 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
742 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
749 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
752 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
753 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
755 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
756 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
757 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
761 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
762 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
763 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
768 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
769 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
772 else if (stash == cachestash
773 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
774 && strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
775 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
779 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
780 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
781 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
783 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
785 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
788 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
789 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
791 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
797 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
799 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
800 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
801 if (strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
803 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
809 else candidate = *gvp;
812 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
813 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
814 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
816 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
817 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
818 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
820 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
821 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
822 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
823 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
824 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
825 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
831 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
832 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
833 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
836 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
837 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
838 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
839 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
840 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
841 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
842 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
848 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
849 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
850 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
857 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
860 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
864 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
866 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
869 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
871 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
872 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
878 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
882 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
883 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
886 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
890 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
892 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
893 instead of a string/length pair.
899 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
901 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
902 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
906 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
908 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
909 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
911 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
912 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
913 of the result may be zero.
915 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
921 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
923 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
925 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
932 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
933 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
935 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
938 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
940 /* Have an autoload */
941 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
942 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
943 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
944 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
953 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
955 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
956 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
957 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
960 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
961 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
962 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
963 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
964 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
966 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
967 as a prefix of the method name. Note
968 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
969 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
970 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
971 created as a side effect to do this.
973 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
974 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
975 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
981 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
983 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
985 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
989 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
993 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
994 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
997 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1001 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1003 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1004 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1008 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1010 const char * const origname = name;
1011 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1012 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1015 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1016 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1017 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1018 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1020 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1022 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1025 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1026 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1027 the error reporting code. */
1031 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1032 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1035 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1036 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1037 * if none was found.
1039 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1042 const char *name_cursor = name;
1043 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1044 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1045 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1046 last_separator = name_cursor;
1047 name = name_cursor + 1;
1049 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1050 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1051 name = name_cursor + 1;
1056 /* did we find a separator? */
1057 if (last_separator) {
1058 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1059 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1060 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1061 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1063 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1064 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1066 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1067 strEQs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1068 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1069 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1070 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1073 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1074 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1079 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1081 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1082 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1083 import/unimport subroutine */
1084 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1085 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1087 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1088 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1090 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1091 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1094 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1095 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1096 * require it first instead of croaking */
1097 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1098 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1099 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1100 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1101 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1103 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1104 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1109 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1110 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1111 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1112 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1117 if (last_separator) {
1118 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1119 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1121 packnamesv = error_report;
1125 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1126 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1127 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1128 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1129 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1133 else if (autoload) {
1134 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1135 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1139 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1143 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1146 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1147 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1148 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1149 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1159 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1163 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1164 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1167 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1171 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1174 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1178 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1185 SV *packname = NULL;
1186 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1188 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1190 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1193 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1194 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1195 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1196 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1197 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1201 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1202 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1204 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1205 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1209 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1213 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1216 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1217 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1219 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1220 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1221 "::%" UTF8f "() is deprecated. This will be "
1222 "fatal in Perl 5.28",
1224 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1227 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1228 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1229 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1231 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1232 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1233 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1234 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1235 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1238 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1239 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1240 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1241 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1242 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1243 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1244 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1246 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1247 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1249 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1250 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1251 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1253 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1256 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1257 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1258 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1260 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1262 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1263 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1265 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1266 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1270 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1274 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1280 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1281 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1282 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1283 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1285 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1286 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1290 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1291 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1292 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1296 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1297 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1298 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1299 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1300 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1301 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1302 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1305 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1313 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1314 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1315 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1316 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1318 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1319 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1320 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1321 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1322 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1323 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1326 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1327 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1329 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1331 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1333 /* If it is not tied */
1334 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1336 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1344 #define HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)
1346 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1347 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1348 || !(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1350 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1351 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1354 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1355 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1356 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1358 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1359 type, varname, name);
1360 else if (!(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1361 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1362 type, varname, name);
1364 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1365 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp); assert(GvCV(*gvp));
1369 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1374 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1375 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1376 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1378 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1379 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1382 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1384 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1385 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1391 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1393 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1394 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1398 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1400 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1401 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1402 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1403 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1404 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1407 Flags may be one of:
1416 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1418 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1419 recommended for performance reasons.
1425 gv_stashpvn_internal
1427 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1428 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1432 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1433 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1439 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1441 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1443 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1446 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1447 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1448 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1449 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1450 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1451 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1453 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1455 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1456 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1458 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1459 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1461 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1462 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1463 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1464 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1465 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1471 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1473 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1474 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1476 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1478 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1480 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1484 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1485 assert(namesv || name)
1487 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1488 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1493 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1495 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1496 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1497 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1504 hv = INT2PTR(HV*, SvIVX(sv));
1505 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
1508 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1511 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1513 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1515 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1517 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1520 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1522 if (stash && namelen) {
1523 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1524 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1525 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1532 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1535 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1539 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1541 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1544 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1551 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1553 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1554 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1559 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1560 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1561 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1565 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1567 const char * const nambeg =
1568 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1570 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1573 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1574 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1582 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1586 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1587 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1589 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1590 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1592 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1593 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1594 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1595 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1597 const char *name_cursor;
1598 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1599 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1601 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1605 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1607 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1611 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1612 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1613 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1614 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1617 *stash = PL_defstash;
1618 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1621 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1622 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1625 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1631 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1632 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1633 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1634 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1637 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1638 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1639 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1640 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1641 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1647 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1650 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1651 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1652 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1653 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1654 && strEQs(*name, "CORE"))
1655 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1658 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1660 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1661 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1662 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1663 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1666 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1667 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1670 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1672 *name = name_cursor+1;
1673 if (*name == name_end) {
1675 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1676 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1677 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1680 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1687 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1691 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1692 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1693 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1695 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1697 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1698 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1699 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1700 * like INC or STDOUT.
1708 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1709 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1710 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1714 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1719 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1720 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1724 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1725 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1726 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1730 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1731 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1737 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1745 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1746 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1747 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1749 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1750 * which might happen during global destruction.
1752 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1753 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1754 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1755 const svtype sv_type)
1757 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1759 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1761 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1762 *stash = PL_defstash;
1765 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1766 *stash = PL_curstash;
1767 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1768 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1769 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1770 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1771 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1772 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1773 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1775 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1776 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1777 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1781 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1782 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1783 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1785 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1787 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1788 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1789 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1790 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1791 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1794 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1795 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1796 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1803 /* Use the current op's stash */
1804 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1809 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1811 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1812 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1813 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1814 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1815 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1816 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1817 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1818 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1819 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1820 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1821 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1822 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1823 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1824 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1825 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1826 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1828 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1830 /* symbol table under destruction */
1839 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1845 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1846 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1848 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1849 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1851 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1853 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1854 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1855 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1858 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1859 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1861 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1862 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1863 const svtype sv_type)
1867 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1869 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1870 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1871 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1872 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1877 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1878 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1879 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1880 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1881 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1886 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1887 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1890 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1894 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1895 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1900 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1909 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1910 /* Avoid null warning: */
1911 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1912 if (strEQs(stashname, "CORE"))
1913 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1920 /* Nothing else to do.
1921 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1922 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1923 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1924 platforms, we can't just do:
1925 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1926 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1927 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1928 would make them larger than 'V')
1935 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1936 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1938 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1944 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1945 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1946 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1947 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1948 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1953 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1954 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1958 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1961 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1962 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1963 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1964 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1966 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1967 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1968 use didn't clean up fully because
1969 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1970 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1971 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1972 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1973 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1974 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1975 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1976 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1980 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1981 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1982 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1984 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1989 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1992 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1993 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1995 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
1996 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
1997 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2000 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)uv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2003 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2004 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2006 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
2007 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2008 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2009 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2012 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2013 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2016 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2017 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2020 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2021 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2024 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2025 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2026 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2030 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2031 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2034 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2035 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2036 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2039 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2040 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2044 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2045 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2048 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2049 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2051 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2053 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2056 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2057 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2060 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2074 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2077 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2079 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2080 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2086 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2087 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2090 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2093 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2096 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2098 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2100 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2101 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2102 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2103 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2105 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2109 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2110 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2123 paren = *name - '0';
2126 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2127 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2128 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2132 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2136 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2137 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2143 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2145 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2147 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2148 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2149 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2152 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2153 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2154 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2156 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2158 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2161 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2162 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2165 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2166 const UV uv = (UV)*name;
2168 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)uv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2174 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2175 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2176 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2177 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2178 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2180 case '\010': /* $^H */
2182 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2183 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2187 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2188 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2189 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2191 else goto magicalize;
2193 case '\023': /* $^S */
2195 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2211 case '\001': /* $^A */
2212 case '\003': /* $^C */
2213 case '\004': /* $^D */
2214 case '\005': /* $^E */
2215 case '\006': /* $^F */
2216 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2217 case '\016': /* $^N */
2218 case '\017': /* $^O */
2219 case '\020': /* $^P */
2220 case '\024': /* $^T */
2221 case '\027': /* $^W */
2223 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2226 case '\014': /* $^L */
2227 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2230 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2234 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2235 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2236 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2237 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2238 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2242 case '\026': /* $^V */
2244 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2245 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2246 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2252 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2258 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2259 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2261 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2266 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2267 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2268 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2270 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2271 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2272 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2273 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2276 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2277 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2279 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2281 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2283 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2284 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2285 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2286 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2287 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2288 /* diag_listed_as: $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2289 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2291 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2292 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2295 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2298 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2300 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2302 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2306 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2310 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2319 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2320 const svtype sv_type)
2322 const char *name = nambeg;
2327 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2328 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2329 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2330 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2331 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2332 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2335 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2337 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2338 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2339 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2340 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2342 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2345 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2346 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2352 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2356 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2357 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2358 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2359 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2362 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2363 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2366 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2367 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2368 * anything else with it before that.
2371 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2372 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2373 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2374 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2375 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2376 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2377 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2380 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2381 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2382 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2383 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2384 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2385 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2386 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2388 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2389 && strEQs(name, "ISA")
2390 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2391 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2394 } else if (no_init) {
2398 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2399 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2400 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2401 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2404 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2409 /* Adding a new symbol.
2410 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2411 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2413 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2414 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2416 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2418 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2419 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2420 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2421 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2422 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2425 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2426 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2431 /* set up magic where warranted */
2432 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2435 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2436 * stored in the symtab.
2437 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2438 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2440 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2444 /* The temporary GV created above */
2445 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2449 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2454 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2457 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2459 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2461 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2463 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2464 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2465 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2466 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2470 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2471 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2475 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2477 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2479 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2481 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2485 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2486 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2490 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2494 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2499 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2501 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2503 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2504 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2505 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2508 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2509 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2511 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2512 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2514 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2516 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2518 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2520 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2521 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2522 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2523 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2527 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2528 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2531 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2533 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2535 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2536 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2538 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2539 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2540 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2541 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2542 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2545 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2550 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2553 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2555 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2556 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2561 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2564 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2571 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2572 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2573 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2574 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2583 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2588 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2590 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2591 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2592 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2593 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2596 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2598 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2606 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2608 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2609 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2610 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2611 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2612 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2613 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2614 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2616 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2625 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2629 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2630 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2631 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2632 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2633 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2634 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2635 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2636 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2637 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2641 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2642 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2643 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2644 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2645 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2646 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2647 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2648 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2649 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2650 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2655 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2658 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2664 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2666 if (--attempts == 0) {
2668 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2669 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2674 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2675 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2681 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2683 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2684 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2686 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2688 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2690 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2691 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2693 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2694 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2701 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2703 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2704 * 0 if there is no overload
2705 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2709 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2711 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2713 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2716 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2718 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2720 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2721 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2722 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2724 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2727 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2730 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2731 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2737 bool deref_seen = 0;
2740 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2742 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2743 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2744 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2749 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2752 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2754 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2757 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2758 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2759 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2760 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2761 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2762 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2769 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2770 /* initially assume the worst */
2771 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2773 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2774 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2775 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2776 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2777 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2779 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2780 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2781 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2782 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2783 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2784 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2785 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2786 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2787 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2788 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2790 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2791 const HEK * const gvhek =
2792 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2793 const HEK * const stashek =
2794 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2795 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2796 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2797 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2798 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2799 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2800 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2802 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2804 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2805 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2806 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2807 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2808 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2810 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2815 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2817 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2818 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2819 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2820 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2821 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2822 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2830 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2832 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2833 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2834 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2836 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2837 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2840 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2856 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2857 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2858 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2859 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2862 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2863 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2864 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2868 /* Here we have no table: */
2870 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2871 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2872 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2878 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2883 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2885 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2888 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2889 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2891 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2894 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2896 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2899 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2900 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2902 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2903 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2904 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2905 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2906 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2907 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2908 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2909 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2921 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2922 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2924 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2926 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2930 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2933 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2937 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2938 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2939 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2941 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2946 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2947 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2957 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2963 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2964 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2967 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2969 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2970 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2974 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2976 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2977 SV* const right = TOPs;
2983 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2984 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2985 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2986 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2988 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2995 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2996 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3006 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
3007 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3009 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3012 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3013 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3015 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3018 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3020 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3022 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3028 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3032 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3036 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3037 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3038 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3039 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3042 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3043 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3045 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3046 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3047 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3054 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3058 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3060 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3062 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3064 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3065 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3067 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3068 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3069 * masked by overloading.pm */
3071 const int offset = method / 8;
3072 const int bit = method % 8;
3073 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3075 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3076 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3083 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3088 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3089 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3090 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3091 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3092 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3093 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3094 int use_default_op = 0;
3095 int force_scalar = 0;
3101 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3103 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3104 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3107 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3108 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3109 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3110 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3111 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3113 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3114 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3120 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3121 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3123 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3126 /* look for substituted methods */
3127 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3131 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3132 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3133 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3138 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3139 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3140 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3144 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3147 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3150 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3153 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3154 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3155 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3162 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3165 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3166 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3168 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3169 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3171 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3172 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3173 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3174 delegate to the stash. */
3175 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3181 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3182 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3183 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3185 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3186 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3187 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3189 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3190 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3191 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3194 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3205 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3207 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3212 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3213 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3216 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3224 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3229 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3230 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3231 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3232 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3233 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3234 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3236 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3239 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3240 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3241 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3242 /* We look for substitution for
3243 * comparison operations and
3245 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3246 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3247 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3269 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3273 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3283 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3291 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3293 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3294 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3295 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3296 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3297 } else if ((use_default_op =
3298 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3299 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3301 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3305 if (off==-1) off=method;
3306 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3307 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3308 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3309 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3311 "in overloaded package ":
3312 "has no overloaded magic",
3314 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3317 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3320 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3322 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3323 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3324 if (use_default_op) {
3325 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3327 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3331 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3336 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3337 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3338 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3339 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3345 if (off == subtr_amg)
3348 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3349 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3350 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3351 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3371 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3375 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3376 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3377 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3385 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3386 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3387 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3397 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3398 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3400 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3402 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3403 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3404 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3405 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3406 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3407 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3408 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3409 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3412 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3413 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3414 * version of copy operator
3416 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3417 * a) Assignment form was called.
3418 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3419 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3420 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3421 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3422 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3424 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3425 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3427 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3428 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3431 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3432 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3434 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3435 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3438 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3439 * information by hand */
3440 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3442 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3443 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3445 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3453 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3455 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3458 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3459 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3460 myop.op_next = NULL;
3461 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3465 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3468 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3469 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3474 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3478 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3481 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3482 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3483 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3484 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3486 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3487 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3488 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3489 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3491 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3492 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3494 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3495 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3496 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3498 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3502 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3506 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3510 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3511 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3514 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3517 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3518 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3519 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3521 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3533 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3540 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3543 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3546 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3549 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3552 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3555 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3558 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3560 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3565 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3567 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3569 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3577 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3582 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3585 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3587 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3588 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3591 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3592 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3596 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3598 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3599 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3600 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3601 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3602 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3603 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3604 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3606 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3608 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3609 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3610 more compactly represents the same thing.
3616 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3622 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3624 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3626 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3628 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3629 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3630 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3631 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3632 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3633 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3635 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3637 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3639 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3640 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3642 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3643 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3649 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3650 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3651 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3652 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3653 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3654 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3655 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3656 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3657 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3659 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3660 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3664 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3666 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3667 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3668 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3669 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3674 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3676 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3678 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3679 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3680 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3681 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3682 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3683 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3684 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3687 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3693 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3696 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3701 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: