3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strEQs(GvNAME(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
397 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
398 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
400 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
408 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
413 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
416 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
417 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
418 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
419 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
420 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
421 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
422 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
424 if (CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
425 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
426 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
427 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
429 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
437 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
438 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
439 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
441 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
442 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
443 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
444 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
445 from a reference to CV. */
446 if (exported_constant)
447 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
448 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
453 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
454 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
455 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
461 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
475 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
483 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
484 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
491 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
494 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
495 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
497 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
498 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
499 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
501 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
502 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
503 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
504 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
509 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
510 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
511 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
512 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
513 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
514 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
515 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
516 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
517 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
518 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
519 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
520 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
521 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
522 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
523 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
524 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
525 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
526 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
527 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
528 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
529 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
530 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
533 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
534 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
539 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
544 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
549 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
550 oldparser = PL_parser;
551 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
552 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
553 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
555 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
559 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
561 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
565 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
568 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
570 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
571 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
572 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
573 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
574 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
575 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
576 it this order as we need an op number before calling
578 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
580 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
586 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
587 compiling after a syntax error */
588 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
589 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
594 : newSVpvn(name,len),
599 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
600 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
601 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
602 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
605 PL_parser = oldparser;
606 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
607 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
610 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
612 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
614 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
621 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
623 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
625 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
627 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
628 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
634 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
638 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
639 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
640 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
641 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
642 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
643 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
647 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
649 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
650 instead of a string/length pair.
656 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
659 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
663 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
665 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
666 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
667 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
669 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
670 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
671 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
672 up caching info for this glob.
674 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
676 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
680 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
681 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
682 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
683 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
688 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
690 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
691 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
698 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
699 GV* candidate = NULL;
703 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
706 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
708 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
710 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
711 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
717 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
719 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
722 assert(name || meth);
724 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
725 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
726 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
728 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
730 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
731 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
732 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
733 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
735 else cachestash = stash;
737 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
739 cachestash, meth, name, len, (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
741 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
748 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
751 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
752 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
754 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
755 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
756 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
760 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
761 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
762 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
767 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
768 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
771 else if (stash == cachestash
772 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
773 && strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
774 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
778 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
779 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
780 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
782 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
784 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
787 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
788 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
790 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
796 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
798 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
799 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
800 if (strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
802 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
808 else candidate = *gvp;
811 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
812 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
813 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
815 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
816 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
817 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
819 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
820 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
821 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
822 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
823 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
824 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
830 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
831 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
832 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
835 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
836 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
837 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
838 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
839 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
840 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
841 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
847 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
848 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
849 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
856 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
858 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
859 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
863 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
865 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
868 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
870 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
871 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
877 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
882 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
885 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
889 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
891 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
892 instead of a string/length pair.
898 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
900 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
901 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
905 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
907 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
908 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
910 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
911 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
912 of the result may be zero.
914 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
920 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
922 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
931 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
932 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
934 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
937 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
939 /* Have an autoload */
940 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
941 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
942 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
943 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
952 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
954 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
955 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
956 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
959 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
960 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
961 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
962 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
963 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
965 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
966 as a prefix of the method name. Note
967 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
968 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
969 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
970 created as a side effect to do this.
972 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
973 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
974 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
980 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
984 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
988 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
993 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
996 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1000 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1002 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1003 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1007 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1009 const char * const origname = name;
1010 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1011 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1014 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1015 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1016 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1017 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1019 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1021 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1024 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1025 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1026 the error reporting code. */
1030 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1031 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1034 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1035 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1036 * if none was found.
1038 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1041 const char *name_cursor = name;
1042 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1043 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1044 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1045 last_separator = name_cursor;
1046 name = name_cursor + 1;
1048 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1049 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1050 name = name_cursor + 1;
1055 /* did we find a separator? */
1056 if (last_separator) {
1057 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1058 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1059 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1060 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1062 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1063 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1065 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1066 strEQs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1067 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1068 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1069 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1072 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1073 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1078 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1080 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1081 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1082 import/unimport subroutine */
1083 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1084 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1086 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1087 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1089 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1090 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1093 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1094 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1095 * require it first instead of croaking */
1096 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1097 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1098 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1099 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1100 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1102 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1103 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1108 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1109 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1110 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1111 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1116 if (last_separator) {
1117 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1118 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1120 packnamesv = error_report;
1124 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1125 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1126 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1127 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1128 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1132 else if (autoload) {
1133 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1134 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1138 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1142 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1145 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1146 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1147 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1148 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1158 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1162 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1163 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1166 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1170 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1172 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1173 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1177 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1184 SV *packname = NULL;
1185 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1187 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1189 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1192 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1193 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1194 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1195 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1196 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1200 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1201 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1203 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1204 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1208 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1212 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1215 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1216 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1218 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1219 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1220 "::%" UTF8f "() is deprecated. This will be "
1221 "fatal in Perl 5.28",
1223 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1226 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1227 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1228 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1230 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1231 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1232 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1233 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1234 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1237 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1238 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1239 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1240 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1241 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1242 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1243 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1245 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1246 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1248 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1249 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1250 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1252 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1255 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1256 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1257 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1259 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1261 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1262 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1264 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1265 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1269 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1273 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1279 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1280 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1281 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1282 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1284 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1285 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1289 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1290 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1291 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1295 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1296 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1297 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1298 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1299 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1300 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1301 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1304 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1312 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1313 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1314 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1315 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1317 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1318 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1319 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1320 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1321 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1322 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1325 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1326 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1328 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1330 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1332 /* If it is not tied */
1333 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1335 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1343 #define HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)
1345 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1346 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1347 || !(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1349 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1350 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1353 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1354 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1355 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1357 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1358 type, varname, name);
1359 else if (!(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1360 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1361 type, varname, name);
1363 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1364 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp); assert(GvCV(*gvp));
1368 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1373 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1374 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1375 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1377 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1378 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1381 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1383 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1384 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1390 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1392 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1393 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1397 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1399 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1400 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1401 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1402 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1403 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1406 Flags may be one of:
1415 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1417 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1418 recommended for performance reasons.
1424 gv_stashpvn_internal
1426 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1427 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1431 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1432 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1438 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1442 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1445 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1446 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1447 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1448 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1449 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1450 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1452 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1454 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1455 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1457 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1458 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1460 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1461 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1462 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1463 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1464 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1470 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1472 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1473 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1475 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1477 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1479 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1483 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1484 assert(namesv || name)
1486 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1487 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1492 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1494 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1495 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1496 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1499 if (he) return INT2PTR(HV*,SvIVX(HeVAL(he)));
1500 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1503 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1505 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1507 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1509 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1512 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1514 if (stash && namelen) {
1515 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1516 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1517 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1524 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1526 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1527 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1531 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1533 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1536 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1543 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1545 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1546 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1551 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1553 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1557 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1559 const char * const nambeg =
1560 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1561 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1562 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1565 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1566 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1570 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1574 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1578 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1579 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1581 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1582 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1584 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1585 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1586 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1587 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1589 const char *name_cursor;
1590 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1591 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1593 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1597 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1599 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1603 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1604 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1605 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1606 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1609 *stash = PL_defstash;
1610 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1613 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1614 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1617 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1623 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1624 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1625 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1626 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1629 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1630 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1631 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1632 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1633 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1639 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1642 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1643 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1644 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1645 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1646 && strEQs(*name, "CORE"))
1647 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1650 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1652 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1653 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1654 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1655 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1658 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1659 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1662 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1664 *name = name_cursor+1;
1665 if (*name == name_end) {
1667 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1672 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1676 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1677 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1678 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1680 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1682 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1683 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1684 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1685 * like INC or STDOUT.
1693 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1694 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1695 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1699 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1704 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1705 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1709 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1710 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1711 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1715 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1716 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1722 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1730 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1731 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1732 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1734 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1735 * which might happen during global destruction.
1737 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1738 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1739 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1740 const svtype sv_type)
1742 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1744 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1746 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1747 *stash = PL_defstash;
1750 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1751 *stash = PL_curstash;
1752 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1753 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1754 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1755 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1756 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1757 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1758 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1760 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1761 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1762 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1766 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1767 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1768 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1770 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1772 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1773 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1774 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1775 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1776 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1779 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1780 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1781 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1788 /* Use the current op's stash */
1789 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1794 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1796 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1797 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1798 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1799 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1800 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1801 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1802 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1803 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1804 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1805 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1806 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1807 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1808 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1809 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1810 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1811 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1813 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1815 /* symbol table under destruction */
1824 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1830 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1831 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1833 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1834 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1836 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1838 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1839 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1840 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1843 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1844 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1846 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1847 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1848 const svtype sv_type)
1852 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1854 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1855 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1856 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1857 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1862 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1863 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1864 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1865 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1866 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1871 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1872 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1875 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1879 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1880 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1885 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1894 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1895 /* Avoid null warning: */
1896 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1897 if (strEQs(stashname, "CORE"))
1898 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1905 /* Nothing else to do.
1906 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1907 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1908 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1909 platforms, we can't just do:
1910 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1911 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1912 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1913 would make them larger than 'V')
1920 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1921 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1923 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1929 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1930 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1931 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1932 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1933 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1938 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1939 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1943 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1946 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1947 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1948 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1949 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1951 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1952 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1953 use didn't clean up fully because
1954 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1955 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1956 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1957 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1958 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1959 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1960 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1961 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1965 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1966 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1967 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1969 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1974 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1977 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1978 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1980 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
1981 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
1982 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1985 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)uv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1988 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1989 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
1991 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
1992 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
1993 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1994 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
1997 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1998 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2001 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2002 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2005 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2006 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2009 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2010 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2011 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2015 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2016 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2019 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2020 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2021 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2024 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2025 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2029 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2030 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2033 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2034 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2036 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2038 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2041 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2042 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2045 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2059 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2062 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2064 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2065 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2071 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2072 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2075 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2078 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2081 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2083 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2085 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2086 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2087 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2088 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2090 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2094 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2095 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2108 paren = *name - '0';
2111 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2112 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2113 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2117 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2121 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2122 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2128 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2130 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2132 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2133 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2134 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2137 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2138 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2139 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2141 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2143 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2146 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2147 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2150 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2151 const UV uv = (UV)*name;
2153 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)uv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2159 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2160 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2161 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2162 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2163 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2165 case '\010': /* $^H */
2167 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2168 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2172 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2173 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2174 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2176 else goto magicalize;
2178 case '\023': /* $^S */
2180 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2196 case '\001': /* $^A */
2197 case '\003': /* $^C */
2198 case '\004': /* $^D */
2199 case '\005': /* $^E */
2200 case '\006': /* $^F */
2201 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2202 case '\016': /* $^N */
2203 case '\017': /* $^O */
2204 case '\020': /* $^P */
2205 case '\024': /* $^T */
2206 case '\027': /* $^W */
2208 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2211 case '\014': /* $^L */
2212 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2215 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2219 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2220 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2221 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2222 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2223 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2227 case '\026': /* $^V */
2229 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2230 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2231 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2237 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2243 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2244 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2246 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2251 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2252 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2253 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2255 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2256 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2257 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2258 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2261 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2262 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2266 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2268 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2269 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2270 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2271 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2272 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2273 /* diag_listed_as: $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2274 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2276 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2277 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2280 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2283 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2285 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2287 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2291 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2295 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2304 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2305 const svtype sv_type)
2307 const char *name = nambeg;
2312 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2313 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2314 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2315 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2316 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2317 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2320 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2322 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2323 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2324 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2325 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2327 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2330 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2331 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2337 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2341 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2342 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2343 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2344 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2347 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2348 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2351 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2352 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2353 * anything else with it before that.
2356 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2357 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2358 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2359 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2360 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2361 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2362 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2365 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2366 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2367 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2368 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2369 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2370 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2371 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2373 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2374 && strEQs(name, "ISA")
2375 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2376 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2379 } else if (no_init) {
2383 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2384 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2385 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2386 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2389 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2394 /* Adding a new symbol.
2395 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2396 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2398 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2399 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2401 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2403 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2404 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2405 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2406 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2407 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2410 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2411 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2416 /* set up magic where warranted */
2417 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2420 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2421 * stored in the symtab.
2422 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2423 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2425 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2429 /* The temporary GV created above */
2430 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2434 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2439 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2442 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2444 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2446 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2448 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2449 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2450 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2451 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2455 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2456 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2460 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2462 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2464 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2466 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2470 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2471 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2475 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2479 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2484 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2486 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2488 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2489 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2490 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2493 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2494 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2496 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2497 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2499 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2501 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2503 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2505 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2506 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2507 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2508 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2512 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2513 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2516 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2518 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2520 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2521 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2523 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2524 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2525 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2526 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2527 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2530 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2535 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2537 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2538 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2540 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2541 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2546 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2549 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2556 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2557 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2558 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2559 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2568 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2573 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2575 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2576 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2577 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2578 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2581 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2583 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2591 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2593 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2594 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2595 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2596 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2597 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2598 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2599 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2601 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2610 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2614 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2615 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2616 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2617 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2618 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2619 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2620 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2621 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2622 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2626 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2627 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2628 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2629 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2630 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2631 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2632 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2633 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2634 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2635 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2640 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2643 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2649 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2651 if (--attempts == 0) {
2653 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2654 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2659 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2660 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2666 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2668 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2669 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2671 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2673 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2675 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2676 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2678 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2679 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2686 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2688 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2689 * 0 if there is no overload
2690 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2694 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2696 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2698 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2701 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2703 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2705 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2706 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2707 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2709 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2712 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2715 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2716 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2722 bool deref_seen = 0;
2725 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2727 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2728 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2729 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2734 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2737 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2739 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2742 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2743 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2744 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2745 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2746 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2747 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2754 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2755 /* initially assume the worst */
2756 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2758 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2759 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2760 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2761 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2762 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2764 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2765 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2766 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2767 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2768 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2769 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2770 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2771 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2772 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2773 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2775 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2776 const HEK * const gvhek =
2777 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2778 const HEK * const stashek =
2779 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2780 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2781 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2782 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2783 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2784 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2785 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2787 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2789 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2790 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2791 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2792 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2793 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2795 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2800 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2802 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2803 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2804 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2805 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2806 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2807 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2815 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2817 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2818 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2819 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2821 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2822 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2825 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2841 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2842 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2843 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2844 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2847 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2848 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2849 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2853 /* Here we have no table: */
2855 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2856 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2857 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2863 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2868 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2870 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2873 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2874 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2876 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2879 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2881 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2884 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2885 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2887 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2888 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2889 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2890 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2891 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2892 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2893 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2894 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2906 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2907 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2909 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2911 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2915 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2918 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2922 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2923 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2924 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2926 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2931 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2932 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2942 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2948 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2949 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2952 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2954 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2955 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2959 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2961 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2962 SV* const right = TOPs;
2968 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2969 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2970 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2971 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2973 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2980 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2981 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2991 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2992 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2994 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2997 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2998 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3000 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3003 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3005 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3007 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3013 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3017 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3021 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3022 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3023 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3024 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3027 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3028 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3030 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3031 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3032 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3039 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3043 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3045 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3047 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3049 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3050 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3052 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3053 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3054 * masked by overloading.pm */
3056 const int offset = method / 8;
3057 const int bit = method % 8;
3058 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3060 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3061 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3068 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3073 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3074 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3075 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3076 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3077 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3078 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3079 int use_default_op = 0;
3080 int force_scalar = 0;
3086 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3088 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3089 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3092 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3093 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3094 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3095 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3096 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3098 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3099 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3105 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3106 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3108 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3111 /* look for substituted methods */
3112 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3116 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3117 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3118 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3123 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3124 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3125 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3129 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3132 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3135 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3138 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3139 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3140 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3147 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3150 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3151 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3153 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3154 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3156 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3157 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3158 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3159 delegate to the stash. */
3160 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3166 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3167 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3168 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3170 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3171 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3172 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3174 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3175 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3176 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3179 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3190 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3192 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3197 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3198 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3201 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3209 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3214 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3215 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3216 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3217 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3218 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3219 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3221 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3224 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3225 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3226 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3227 /* We look for substitution for
3228 * comparison operations and
3230 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3231 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3232 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3254 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3258 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3268 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3276 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3278 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3279 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3280 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3281 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3282 } else if ((use_default_op =
3283 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3284 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3286 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3290 if (off==-1) off=method;
3291 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3292 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3293 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3294 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3296 "in overloaded package ":
3297 "has no overloaded magic",
3299 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3302 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3305 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3307 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3308 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3309 if (use_default_op) {
3310 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3312 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3316 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3321 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3322 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3323 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3324 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3330 if (off == subtr_amg)
3333 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3334 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3335 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3336 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3356 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3360 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3361 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3362 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3370 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3371 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3372 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3382 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3383 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3385 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3387 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3388 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3389 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3390 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3391 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3392 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3393 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3394 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3397 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3398 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3399 * version of copy operator
3401 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3402 * a) Assignment form was called.
3403 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3404 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3405 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3406 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3407 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3409 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3410 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3412 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3413 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3416 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3417 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3419 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3420 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3423 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3424 * information by hand */
3425 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3427 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3428 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3430 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3438 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3440 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3443 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3444 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3445 myop.op_next = NULL;
3446 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3450 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3453 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3454 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3459 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3463 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3466 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3467 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3468 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3469 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3471 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3472 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3473 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3474 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3476 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3477 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3479 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3480 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3481 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3483 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3487 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3491 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3495 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3496 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3499 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3502 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3503 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3504 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3506 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3518 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3525 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3528 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3531 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3534 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3537 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3540 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3543 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3545 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3550 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3552 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3554 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3562 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3567 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3570 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3572 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3573 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3576 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3577 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3581 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3583 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3584 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3585 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3586 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3587 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3588 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3589 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3591 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3593 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3594 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3595 more compactly represents the same thing.
3601 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3607 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3609 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3611 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3613 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3614 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3615 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3616 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3617 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3618 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3620 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3622 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3624 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3625 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3627 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3628 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3634 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3635 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3636 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3637 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3638 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3639 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3640 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3641 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3642 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3644 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3645 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3649 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3651 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3652 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3653 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3654 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3659 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3661 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3663 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3664 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3665 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3666 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3667 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3668 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3669 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3672 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3678 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3681 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3686 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: