3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
87 && memEQs(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
376 const bool really_sub =
377 has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV;
378 COP * const old = PL_curcop;
380 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
381 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
384 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
385 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
390 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
391 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
401 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
402 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
404 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
412 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
417 if (really_sub && !CvISXSUB(has_constant) && CvSTART(has_constant)
418 && ( CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
419 || CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
420 PL_curcop = (COP *)CvSTART(has_constant);
421 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
425 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
426 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
427 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
428 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
430 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
431 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
433 if (CvNAMED(cv) && CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
434 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
435 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
436 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
437 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
438 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
446 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
447 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
448 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
450 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
451 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
452 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
453 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
454 from a reference to CV. */
455 if (exported_constant)
456 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
457 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
462 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
463 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
464 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
470 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
484 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
492 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
493 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
500 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
503 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
504 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
506 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
507 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
508 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
510 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
511 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
512 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
513 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
518 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
519 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
520 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
521 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
522 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
523 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
524 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
525 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
526 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
527 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
528 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
529 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
530 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
531 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
532 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
533 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
534 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
535 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
536 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
537 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
538 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
539 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
542 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
543 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
548 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
553 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
558 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
559 oldparser = PL_parser;
560 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
561 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
562 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
564 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
568 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
570 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
574 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
577 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
579 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
580 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
581 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
582 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
583 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
584 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
585 it this order as we need an op number before calling
587 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
589 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
595 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
596 compiling after a syntax error */
597 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
598 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
603 : newSVpvn(name,len),
608 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
609 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
610 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
611 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
614 PL_parser = oldparser;
615 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
616 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
619 SV *opnumsv = newSViv(
620 (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL && len == 9 && memEQ(name, "evalbytes", 9)) ?
621 (OP_ENTEREVAL | (1<<16))
622 : opnum ? opnum : (((I32)name[2]) << 16));
623 cv_set_call_checker_flags(cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv, 0);
624 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(opnumsv);
631 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
633 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
635 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
637 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
638 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
644 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
648 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
649 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
650 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level,
651 flags | SvUTF8(namesv));
652 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
653 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
654 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
658 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
660 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
661 instead of a string/length pair.
667 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
670 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
674 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
676 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
677 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
678 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
680 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
681 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
682 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
683 up caching info for this glob.
685 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
687 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
691 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
692 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
693 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
694 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
699 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
701 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
702 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
709 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
710 GV* candidate = NULL;
714 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
717 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
719 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
721 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
722 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
728 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
730 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
733 assert(name || meth);
735 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
736 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
737 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
739 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
741 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
742 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
743 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
744 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
746 else cachestash = stash;
748 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
750 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
752 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
759 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
762 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
763 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
765 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
766 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
767 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
771 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
772 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
773 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
778 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
779 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
782 else if (stash == cachestash
783 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */
784 && memEQs(hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "CORE")
785 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
789 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
790 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
791 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
793 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
795 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
798 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
799 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
801 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
807 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
809 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
810 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
811 if (strBEGINs(hvname, "CORE")
813 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
819 else candidate = *gvp;
822 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
823 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
824 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
826 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
827 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
828 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
830 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
831 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
832 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
833 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
834 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
835 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
841 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
842 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
843 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
846 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
847 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
848 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
849 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
850 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
851 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
852 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
858 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
859 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
860 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
867 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
869 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
870 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
874 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
876 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
879 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
881 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
882 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
888 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
892 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
893 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
896 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
900 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
902 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
903 instead of a string/length pair.
909 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
911 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
912 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
916 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
918 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
919 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
921 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
922 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
923 of the result may be zero.
925 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
931 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
933 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
935 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
942 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
943 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
945 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
948 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
950 /* Have an autoload */
951 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
952 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
953 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
954 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
963 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
965 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
966 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
967 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
970 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
971 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
972 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
973 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
974 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
976 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
977 as a prefix of the method name. Note
978 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
979 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
980 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
981 created as a side effect to do this.
983 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
984 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
985 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
991 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
993 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
995 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
999 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
1003 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
1004 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1007 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1011 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1013 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1014 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1018 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1020 const char * const origname = name;
1021 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1022 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1025 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1026 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1027 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1028 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1030 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1032 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1035 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1036 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1037 the error reporting code. */
1041 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1042 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1045 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1046 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1047 * if none was found.
1049 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1052 const char *name_cursor = name;
1053 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1054 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1055 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1056 last_separator = name_cursor;
1057 name = name_cursor + 1;
1059 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1060 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1061 name = name_cursor + 1;
1066 /* did we find a separator? */
1067 if (last_separator) {
1068 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1069 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1070 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1071 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1073 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1074 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1076 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1077 strBEGINs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1078 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1079 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1080 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1083 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1084 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1089 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1091 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1092 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1093 import/unimport subroutine */
1094 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport")) {
1095 gv = (GV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newCONSTSUB_flags(NULL,
1097 } else if (autoload)
1098 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1099 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1101 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1102 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1105 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1106 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1107 * require it first instead of croaking */
1108 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1109 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1110 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1111 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1112 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1114 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1115 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1120 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1121 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1122 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1123 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1128 if (last_separator) {
1129 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1130 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1132 packnamesv = error_report;
1136 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1137 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1138 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1139 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1140 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1144 else if (autoload) {
1145 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1146 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1150 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1154 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1157 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1158 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1159 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1160 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1170 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1174 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1175 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1178 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1182 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1184 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1185 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1189 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1196 SV *packname = NULL;
1197 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1199 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1201 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1204 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1205 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1206 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1207 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1208 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1212 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1213 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1215 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1216 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1220 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1224 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods no longer works
1227 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1228 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1230 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1231 "::%" UTF8f "() is no longer allowed",
1233 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1236 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1237 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1238 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1240 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1241 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1242 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1243 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1244 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1247 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1248 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1249 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1250 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1251 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1252 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1253 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1255 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1256 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1258 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1259 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1260 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1262 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1265 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1266 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1267 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1269 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1271 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1272 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1274 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1275 SvLEN_set(cv, SvCUR(cv) + 1);
1279 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1283 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1289 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1290 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1291 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1292 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1294 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1295 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1299 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1300 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1301 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1305 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1306 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1307 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1308 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1309 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1310 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1311 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1314 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1322 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1323 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1324 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1325 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1327 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1328 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1329 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1330 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1331 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1332 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1335 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1336 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1338 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1340 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1342 /* If it is not tied */
1343 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1345 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1351 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1354 #define GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC \
1355 ( (gvp = (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)) \
1357 && ( (isGV(*gvp) && GvCV(*gvp)) \
1358 || (SvROK(*gvp) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*gvp)) == SVt_PVCV) ) \
1361 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1362 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1363 || ! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1365 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1366 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1369 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1370 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1371 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1373 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1374 type, varname, name);
1375 else if (! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1376 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1377 type, varname, name);
1379 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1380 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp);
1384 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1390 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1391 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1392 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1394 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1395 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1398 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1400 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1401 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1407 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1409 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1410 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1414 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1416 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1417 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1418 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1419 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1420 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1423 Flags may be one of:
1432 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1434 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1435 recommended for performance reasons.
1441 gv_stashpvn_internal
1443 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1444 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1448 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1449 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1455 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1457 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1459 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1462 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1463 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1464 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1465 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1466 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1467 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1469 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1471 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1472 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1474 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1475 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1477 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1478 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1479 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1480 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1481 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1487 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1489 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1490 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1492 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1494 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1496 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1500 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1501 assert(namesv || name)
1503 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1504 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1509 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1511 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1512 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1513 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1520 hv = INT2PTR(HV*, SvIVX(sv));
1521 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
1524 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1527 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1529 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1531 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1533 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1536 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1538 if (stash && namelen) {
1539 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1540 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1541 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1548 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1550 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1551 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1555 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1557 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1560 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1567 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1570 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1575 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1576 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1577 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1581 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1583 const char * const nambeg =
1584 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1585 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1586 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1589 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1590 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1594 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1598 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1602 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1603 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1605 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1606 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1608 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1609 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1610 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1611 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1613 char *tmpfullbuf = NULL; /* only malloc one big chunk of memory when the smallbuff is not large enough */
1614 const char *name_cursor;
1615 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1616 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1617 char smallbuf[64]; /* small buffer to avoid a malloc when possible */
1619 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1623 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1625 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1629 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1630 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1631 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1632 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1635 *stash = PL_defstash;
1636 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1639 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1640 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1643 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1647 else { /* using ' for package separator */
1648 /* use our pre-allocated buffer when possible to save a malloc */
1650 if ( *len+2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
1653 /* only malloc once if needed */
1654 if (tmpfullbuf == NULL) /* only malloc&free once, a little more than needed */
1655 Newx(tmpfullbuf, full_len+2, char);
1656 tmpbuf = tmpfullbuf;
1658 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1659 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1660 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1663 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1664 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1665 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1666 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1669 /* here we know that *gv && *gv != &PL_sv_undef */
1670 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1671 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1675 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1676 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1677 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1678 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1679 && strBEGINs(*name, "CORE"))
1680 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1683 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1685 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1686 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1687 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1688 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1691 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1692 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1695 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1697 *name = name_cursor+1;
1698 if (*name == name_end) {
1700 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1701 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1702 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1705 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1708 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1713 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1717 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1718 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1719 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1721 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1723 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1724 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1725 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1726 * like INC or STDOUT.
1734 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1735 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1736 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1740 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1745 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1746 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1750 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1751 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1752 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1756 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1757 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1763 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1771 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1772 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1773 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1775 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1776 * which might happen during global destruction.
1778 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1779 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1780 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1781 const svtype sv_type)
1783 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1785 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1787 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1788 *stash = PL_defstash;
1791 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1792 *stash = PL_curstash;
1793 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1794 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1795 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1796 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1797 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1798 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1799 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1801 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1802 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1803 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1807 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1808 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1809 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1811 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1813 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1814 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1815 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1816 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1817 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1820 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1821 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1822 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1829 /* Use the current op's stash */
1830 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1835 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1837 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1838 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1839 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1840 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1841 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1842 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1843 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1844 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1845 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1846 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1847 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1848 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1849 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1850 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1851 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1852 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1854 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1856 /* symbol table under destruction */
1865 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1871 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1872 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1874 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1875 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1877 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1879 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1880 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1881 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1884 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1885 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1887 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1888 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1889 const svtype sv_type)
1893 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1895 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1896 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1897 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1898 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1903 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1904 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1905 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1906 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1907 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1912 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1913 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1916 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1920 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1921 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1926 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1935 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1936 /* Avoid null warning: */
1937 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1938 if (strBEGINs(stashname, "CORE"))
1939 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1946 /* Nothing else to do.
1947 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1948 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1949 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1950 platforms, we can't just do:
1951 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1952 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1953 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1954 would make them larger than 'V')
1961 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1962 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1964 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1970 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1971 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1972 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1973 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1974 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1979 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1980 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1984 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1987 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1988 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1989 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1990 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1992 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1993 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1994 use didn't clean up fully because
1995 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1996 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1997 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1998 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1999 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
2000 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
2001 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
2002 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
2006 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
2007 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
2008 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
2010 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
2015 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
2018 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
2019 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
2021 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
2022 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
2023 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2024 const Size_t n = *name;
2026 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2029 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2030 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2032 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
2033 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2034 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2035 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2038 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2039 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2042 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2043 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2046 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2047 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2050 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2051 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2052 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2056 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2057 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2060 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2061 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2062 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2065 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2066 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2070 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2071 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2074 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2075 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2077 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2079 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2082 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2083 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2086 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2100 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2103 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2105 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2106 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2112 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2113 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2116 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2119 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2122 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2124 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2126 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2127 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2128 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2129 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2131 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2135 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2136 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2149 paren = *name - '0';
2152 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2153 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2154 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2158 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2162 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2163 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2169 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2171 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2173 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2174 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2175 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2178 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2179 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2180 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2182 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2184 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2187 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2188 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2191 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2192 const Size_t n = *name;
2194 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2200 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2201 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2202 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2203 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2204 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2206 case '\010': /* $^H */
2208 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2209 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2213 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2214 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2215 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2217 else goto magicalize;
2219 case '\023': /* $^S */
2221 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2237 case '\001': /* $^A */
2238 case '\003': /* $^C */
2239 case '\004': /* $^D */
2240 case '\005': /* $^E */
2241 case '\006': /* $^F */
2242 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2243 case '\016': /* $^N */
2244 case '\017': /* $^O */
2245 case '\020': /* $^P */
2246 case '\024': /* $^T */
2247 case '\027': /* $^W */
2249 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2252 case '\014': /* $^L */
2253 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2256 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2260 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2261 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2262 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2263 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2264 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2268 case '\026': /* $^V */
2270 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2271 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2272 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2278 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2284 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2285 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2287 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2292 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2293 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2294 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2296 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2297 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2298 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2299 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2302 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2303 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2305 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2307 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2309 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2310 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2311 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2312 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2313 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2314 /* diag_listed_as: $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30 */
2315 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2317 "$%c is no longer supported. Its use "
2318 "will be fatal in Perl 5.30", *name);
2321 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2324 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2326 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2328 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2332 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2336 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2345 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2346 const svtype sv_type)
2348 const char *name = nambeg;
2353 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2354 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2355 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2356 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2357 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2358 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2361 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2363 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2364 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2365 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2366 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2368 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2371 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2372 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2378 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2382 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2383 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2384 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2385 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2388 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2389 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2392 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2393 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2394 * anything else with it before that.
2397 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2398 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2399 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2400 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2401 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2402 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2403 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2406 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2407 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2408 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2409 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2410 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2411 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2412 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2414 else if (sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2415 && memEQs(name, len, "ISA")
2416 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2417 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2420 } else if (no_init) {
2424 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2425 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2426 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2427 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2430 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2435 /* Adding a new symbol.
2436 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2437 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2439 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2440 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2442 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2444 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2445 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2446 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2447 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2448 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2451 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2452 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2457 /* set up magic where warranted */
2458 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2461 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2462 * stored in the symtab.
2463 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2464 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2466 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2470 /* The temporary GV created above */
2471 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2475 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2480 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2483 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2487 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2489 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2490 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2491 if (keepmain || ! memBEGINs(name, len, "main")) {
2492 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2496 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2497 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2501 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2503 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2505 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2507 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2511 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2512 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2516 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2520 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2525 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2527 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2529 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2530 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2531 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2534 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2535 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2537 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2538 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2540 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2542 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2544 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2546 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2547 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2548 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2549 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2553 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2554 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2557 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2559 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2561 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2562 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2564 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2565 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2566 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2567 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2568 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2571 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2576 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2579 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2581 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2582 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2587 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2590 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2597 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2598 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2599 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2600 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2609 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2614 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2616 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2617 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2618 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2619 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2622 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2624 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2632 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2634 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2635 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2636 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2637 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2638 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2639 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2640 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2642 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2651 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2655 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2656 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2657 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2658 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2659 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2660 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2661 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2662 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2663 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2667 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2668 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2669 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2670 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2671 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2672 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2673 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2674 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2675 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2676 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2681 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2684 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2690 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2692 if (--attempts == 0) {
2694 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2695 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2700 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2701 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2707 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2709 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2710 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2714 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2716 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2717 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2719 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2720 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2727 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2729 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2730 * 0 if there is no overload
2731 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2735 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2737 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2739 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2742 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2744 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2746 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2747 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2748 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2750 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2753 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2756 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2757 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2763 bool deref_seen = 0;
2766 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2768 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2769 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2770 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2775 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2778 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2780 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2783 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2784 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2785 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2786 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2787 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2788 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2795 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2796 /* initially assume the worst */
2797 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2799 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2800 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2801 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2802 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2803 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2805 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2806 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2807 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2808 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2809 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2810 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2811 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2812 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2813 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2814 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2816 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2817 const HEK * const gvhek = CvGvNAME_HEK(cv);
2818 const HEK * const stashek =
2819 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2820 if (memEQs(HEK_KEY(gvhek), HEK_LEN(gvhek), "nil")
2822 && memEQs(HEK_KEY(stashek), HEK_LEN(stashek), "overload")) {
2823 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2824 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2825 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2827 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2829 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2830 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2831 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2832 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2833 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2835 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2840 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2842 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2843 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2844 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2845 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2846 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2847 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2855 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2857 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2858 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2859 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2861 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2862 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2865 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2881 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2882 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2883 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2884 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2887 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2888 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2889 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2893 /* Here we have no table: */
2895 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2896 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2897 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2903 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2908 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2910 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2913 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2914 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2916 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2919 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2921 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2924 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2925 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2927 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2928 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2929 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2930 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2931 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2932 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2933 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2934 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2946 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2947 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2949 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2951 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2955 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2958 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2962 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2963 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2964 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2966 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2971 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2972 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2982 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2988 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2989 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2992 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2994 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2995 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2999 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
3001 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
3002 SV* const right = TOPs;
3008 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
3009 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
3010 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
3011 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
3013 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
3020 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
3021 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3031 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
3032 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3034 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3037 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3038 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3040 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3043 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3045 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3047 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3053 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3057 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3061 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3062 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3063 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3064 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3067 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3068 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3070 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3071 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3072 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3079 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3083 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3085 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3087 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3089 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3090 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3092 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3093 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3094 * masked by overloading.pm */
3096 const int offset = method / 8;
3097 const int bit = method % 8;
3098 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3100 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3101 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3108 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3113 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3114 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3115 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3116 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3117 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3118 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3119 int use_default_op = 0;
3120 int force_scalar = 0;
3126 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3128 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3129 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3132 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3133 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3134 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3135 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3136 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3138 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3139 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3145 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3146 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3148 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3151 /* look for substituted methods */
3152 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3156 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3157 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3158 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3163 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3164 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3165 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3169 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3172 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3175 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3178 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3179 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3180 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3187 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3190 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3191 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3193 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3194 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3196 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3197 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3198 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3199 delegate to the stash. */
3200 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3206 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3207 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3208 SV* const nullsv=&PL_sv_zero;
3210 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3211 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3212 logic = SvTRUE_NN(lessp);
3214 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3215 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3216 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3219 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3230 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3237 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3238 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3241 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3249 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3254 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3255 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3256 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3257 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3258 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3259 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3261 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3264 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3265 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3266 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3267 /* We look for substitution for
3268 * comparison operations and
3270 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3271 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3272 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3294 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3298 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3308 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3316 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3318 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3319 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3320 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3321 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3322 } else if ((use_default_op =
3323 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3324 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3326 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3330 if (off==-1) off=method;
3331 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3332 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3333 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3334 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3336 "in overloaded package ":
3337 "has no overloaded magic",
3339 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3342 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3345 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3347 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3348 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3349 if (use_default_op) {
3350 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3352 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3356 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3361 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3362 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3363 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3364 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3370 if (off == subtr_amg)
3373 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3374 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3375 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3376 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3396 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3400 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3401 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3402 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3410 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3411 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3412 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3422 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3423 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3425 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3427 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3428 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3429 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3430 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3431 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3432 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3433 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3434 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3437 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3438 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3439 * version of copy operator
3441 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3442 * a) Assignment form was called.
3443 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3444 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3445 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3446 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3447 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3449 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3450 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3452 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3453 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3456 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3457 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3459 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3460 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3463 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3464 * information by hand */
3465 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3467 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3468 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3470 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3478 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3480 /* for multiconcat, we may call overload several times,
3481 * with the context of individual concats being scalar,
3482 * regardless of the overall context of the multiconcat op
3484 U8 gimme = (force_scalar || PL_op->op_type == OP_MULTICONCAT)
3485 ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3488 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3489 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3490 myop.op_next = NULL;
3491 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3495 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3498 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3499 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3504 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3508 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3511 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3512 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3513 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3514 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3516 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3517 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3518 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3519 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3521 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3522 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3524 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3525 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3526 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3528 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3532 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3536 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3540 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3541 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3544 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3547 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3548 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3549 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3551 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3562 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3569 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3572 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3575 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3578 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3581 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3584 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3587 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3589 ans=!SvTRUE_NN(res); break;
3594 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3596 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3598 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3606 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3611 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3614 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3616 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3617 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3620 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3621 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3625 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3627 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3628 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3629 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3630 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3631 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3632 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3633 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3635 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3637 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3638 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3639 more compactly represents the same thing.
3645 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3651 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3653 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3655 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3657 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3658 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3659 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3660 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3661 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3662 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3664 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3666 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3668 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3669 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3671 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3672 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3678 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3679 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3680 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3681 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3682 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3683 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3684 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3685 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3686 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3688 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3689 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3693 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3695 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3696 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3697 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3698 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3703 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3705 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3707 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3708 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3709 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3710 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3711 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3712 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3713 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3716 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3722 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3725 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3730 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: