2 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
9 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
13 our $Verbose = 0; # exported
14 our @Parent; # needs to be localized
15 our @Get_from_Config; # referenced by MM_Unix
19 my %Recognized_Att_Keys;
21 our $VERSION = '6.52';
23 # Emulate something resembling CVS $Revision$
24 (our $Revision = $VERSION) =~ s{_}{};
25 $Revision = int $Revision * 10000;
27 our $Filename = __FILE__; # referenced outside MakeMaker
29 our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
30 our @EXPORT = qw(&WriteMakefile &writeMakefile $Verbose &prompt);
31 our @EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists
34 # These will go away once the last of the Win32 & VMS specific code is
36 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
37 my $Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
41 require ExtUtils::MM; # Things like CPAN assume loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker
44 require ExtUtils::MY; # XXX pre-5.8 versions of ExtUtils::Embed expect
45 # loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker will give them MY.
46 # This will go when Embed is its own CPAN module.
50 Carp::croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
57 my $mm = MM->new(\%att);
64 # Basic signatures of the attributes WriteMakefile takes. Each is the
65 # reference type. Empty value indicate it takes a non-reference
75 EXCLUDE_EXT => 'ARRAY',
80 INCLUDE_EXT => 'ARRAY',
89 PMLIBPARENTDIRS => 'ARRAY',
91 CONFIGURE_REQUIRES => 'HASH',
95 VERSION => ['version',''],
96 _KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH => '',
101 dynamic_lib=> 'HASH',
107 tool_autosplit => 'HASH',
110 @Att_Sigs{keys %Recognized_Att_Keys} = ('') x keys %Recognized_Att_Keys;
111 @Att_Sigs{keys %Special_Sigs} = values %Special_Sigs;
117 while( my($key, $val) = each %$att ) {
118 my $sig = $Att_Sigs{$key};
119 unless( defined $sig ) {
120 warn "WARNING: $key is not a known parameter.\n";
124 my @sigs = ref $sig ? @$sig : $sig;
125 my $given = ref $val;
126 unless( grep { $given eq $_ || ($_ && eval{$val->isa($_)}) } @sigs ) {
127 my $takes = join " or ", map { _format_att($_) } @sigs;
129 my $has = _format_att($given);
130 warn "WARNING: $key takes a $takes not a $has.\n".
131 " Please inform the author.\n";
140 return $given eq '' ? "string/number"
141 : uc $given eq $given ? "$given reference"
147 sub prompt ($;$) { ## no critic
148 my($mess, $def) = @_;
149 Carp::confess("prompt function called without an argument")
150 unless defined $mess;
152 my $isa_tty = -t STDIN && (-t STDOUT || !(-f STDOUT || -c STDOUT)) ;
154 my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
155 $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
159 print "$mess $dispdef";
162 if ($ENV{PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT} || (!$isa_tty && eof STDIN)) {
170 else { # user hit ctrl-D
175 return (!defined $ans || $ans eq '') ? $def : $ans;
178 sub eval_in_subdirs {
180 use Cwd qw(cwd abs_path);
181 my $pwd = cwd() || die "Can't figure out your cwd!";
183 local @INC = map eval {abs_path($_) if -e} || $_, @INC;
184 push @INC, '.'; # '.' has to always be at the end of @INC
186 foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
187 my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
188 eval { $self->eval_in_x($abs); };
197 chdir $dir or Carp::carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
204 # if ($@ =~ /prerequisites/) {
205 # die "MakeMaker WARNING: $@";
207 # warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
209 die "ERROR from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
214 # package name for the classes into which the first object will be blessed
215 my $PACKNAME = 'PACK000';
220 my @attrib_help = qw/
222 AUTHOR ABSTRACT ABSTRACT_FROM BINARY_LOCATION
223 C CAPI CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DISTVNAME
225 EXCLUDE_EXT EXE_FILES FIRST_MAKEFILE
226 FULLPERL FULLPERLRUN FULLPERLRUNINST
229 INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR
231 DESTDIR PREFIX INSTALL_BASE
232 PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX
233 INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB INSTALLVENDORLIB
234 INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
235 INSTALLBIN INSTALLSITEBIN INSTALLVENDORBIN
236 INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR
237 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
238 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
239 INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSITESCRIPT INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
240 PERL_LIB PERL_ARCHLIB
241 SITELIBEXP SITEARCHEXP
243 INC INCLUDE_EXT LDFROM LIB LIBPERL_A LIBS LICENSE
244 LINKTYPE MAKE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE MAKEFILE_OLD MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET
245 META_ADD META_MERGE MIN_PERL_VERSION CONFIGURE_REQUIRES
246 MYEXTLIB NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NO_META NORECURS NO_VC OBJECT OPTIMIZE
247 PERL_MALLOC_OK PERL PERLMAINCC PERLRUN PERLRUNINST PERL_CORE
248 PERL_SRC PERM_DIR PERM_RW PERM_RWX
249 PL_FILES PM PM_FILTER PMLIBDIRS PMLIBPARENTDIRS POLLUTE PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
250 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT PREREQ_FATAL PREREQ_PM PREREQ_PRINT PRINT_PREREQ
251 SIGN SKIP TYPEMAPS VERSION VERSION_FROM XS XSOPT XSPROTOARG
252 XS_VERSION clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean
255 MACPERL_SRC MACPERL_LIB MACLIBS_68K MACLIBS_PPC MACLIBS_SC MACLIBS_MRC
256 MACLIBS_ALL_68K MACLIBS_ALL_PPC MACLIBS_SHARED
259 # IMPORTS is used under OS/2 and Win32
261 # @Overridable is close to @MM_Sections but not identical. The
262 # order is important. Many subroutines declare macros. These
263 # depend on each other. Let's try to collect the macros up front,
264 # then pasthru, then the rules.
266 # MM_Sections are the sections we have to call explicitly
267 # in Overridable we have subroutines that are used indirectly
273 post_initialize const_config constants platform_constants
274 tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp tools_other
278 dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
285 top_targets blibdirs linkext dlsyms dynamic dynamic_bs
286 dynamic_lib static static_lib manifypods processPL
288 clean_subdirs clean realclean_subdirs realclean
290 dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci distmeta distsignature
291 install force perldepend makefile staticmake test ppd
293 ); # loses section ordering
295 @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
296 push @Overridable, qw[
298 libscan makeaperl needs_linking
299 subdir_x test_via_harness test_via_script
301 init_VERSION init_dist init_INST init_INSTALL init_DEST init_dirscan
302 init_PM init_MANPODS init_xs init_PERL init_DIRFILESEP init_linker
305 push @MM_Sections, qw[
307 pm_to_blib selfdocument
311 # Postamble needs to be the last that was always the case
312 push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
313 push @Overridable, "postamble";
315 # All sections are valid keys.
316 @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;
318 # we will use all these variables in the Makefile
321 ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc exe_ext full_ar ld
322 lddlflags ldflags libc lib_ext obj_ext osname osvers ranlib
323 sitelibexp sitearchexp so
326 # 5.5.3 doesn't have any concept of vendor libs
327 push @Get_from_Config, qw( vendorarchexp vendorlibexp ) if $] >= 5.006;
329 foreach my $item (@attrib_help){
330 $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
332 foreach my $item (@Get_from_Config) {
333 $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
334 print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
339 # When we eval a Makefile.PL in a subdirectory, that one will ask
340 # us (the parent) for the values and will prepend "..", so that
341 # all files to be installed end up below OUR ./blib
343 @Prepend_parent = qw(
344 INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT
345 MAP_TARGET INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR PERL_SRC
353 The extension you are trying to build apparently is rather old and
354 most probably outdated. We detect that from the fact, that a
355 subroutine "writeMakefile" is called, and this subroutine is not
356 supported anymore since about October 1994.
358 Please contact the author or look into CPAN (details about CPAN can be
359 found in the FAQ and at http:/www.perl.com) for a more recent version
360 of the extension. If you're really desperate, you can try to change
361 the subroutine name from writeMakefile to WriteMakefile and rerun
362 'perl Makefile.PL', but you're most probably left alone, when you do
371 my($class,$self) = @_;
374 # Store the original args passed to WriteMakefile()
375 foreach my $k (keys %$self) {
376 $self->{ARGS}{$k} = $self->{$k};
379 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPREREQ_PRINT\b/) {
380 require Data::Dumper;
381 my @what = ('PREREQ_PM');
382 push @what, 'MIN_PERL_VERSION' if $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION};
383 print Data::Dumper->Dump([@{$self}{@what}], \@what);
387 # PRINT_PREREQ is RedHatism.
388 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPRINT_PREREQ\b/) {
390 map { [$_, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$_}] } keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}};
391 if ( $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} ) {
392 push @prereq, ['perl' => $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}];
395 print join(" ", map { "perl($_->[0])>=$_->[1] " }
396 sort { $a->[0] cmp $b->[0] } @prereq), "\n";
400 print STDOUT "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
401 if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile"){
405 $self = {} unless (defined $self);
409 # Translate X.Y.Z to X.00Y00Z
410 if( defined $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} ) {
411 $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} =~ s{ ^ (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) $ }
412 {sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", $1, $2, $3}ex;
415 my $perl_version_ok = eval {
416 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
417 # simulate "use warnings FATAL => 'all'" for vintage perls
420 !$self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} or $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} <= $]
422 if (!$perl_version_ok) {
423 if (!defined $perl_version_ok) {
425 Warning: MIN_PERL_VERSION is not in a recognized format.
426 Recommended is a quoted numerical value like '5.005' or '5.008001'.
429 elsif ($self->{PREREQ_FATAL}) {
430 die sprintf <<"END", $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}, $];
431 MakeMaker FATAL: perl version too low for this distribution.
432 Required is %s. We run %s.
437 "Warning: Perl version %s or higher required. We run %s.\n",
438 $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}, $];
442 my %configure_att; # record &{$self->{CONFIGURE}} attributes
443 my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes
445 my(%unsatisfied) = ();
446 foreach my $prereq (sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}) {
447 my $file = "$prereq.pm";
451 my $tmp = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $file);
457 my $pr_version = defined $path ? MM->parse_version($path) : 0;
459 # convert X.Y_Z alpha version #s to X.YZ for easier comparisons
460 $pr_version =~ s/(\d+)\.(\d+)_(\d+)/$1.$2$3/;
462 if (!defined $path) {
463 warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found.\n",
464 $prereq, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq}
465 unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
466 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = 'not installed';
467 } elsif ($pr_version < $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ){
468 warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found. We have %s.\n",
469 $prereq, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq},
470 ($pr_version || 'unknown version')
471 unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
472 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ?
473 $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} : 'unknown version' ;
477 if (%unsatisfied && $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}){
478 my $failedprereqs = join "\n", map {" $_ $unsatisfied{$_}"}
479 sort { $a cmp $b } keys %unsatisfied;
481 MakeMaker FATAL: prerequisites not found.
484 Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.
488 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
489 if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
490 %configure_att = %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}};
491 $self = { %$self, %configure_att };
493 Carp::croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
497 # This is for old Makefiles written pre 5.00, will go away
498 if ( Carp::longmess("") =~ /runsubdirpl/s ){
499 Carp::carp("WARNING: Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate your Makefiles\n");
502 my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
503 local @Parent = @Parent; # Protect against non-local exits
505 print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
506 mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
507 bless $self, $newclass;
509 require ExtUtils::MY;
511 no strict 'refs'; ## no critic;
512 @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
515 if (defined $Parent[-2]){
516 $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
517 for my $key (@Prepend_parent) {
518 next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
520 # Don't stomp on WriteMakefile() args.
521 next if defined $self->{ARGS}{$key} and
522 $self->{ARGS}{$key} eq $self->{$key};
524 $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
526 unless ($Is_VMS && $key =~ /PERL$/) {
527 $self->{$key} = $self->catdir("..",$self->{$key})
528 unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{$key});
530 # PERL or FULLPERL will be a command verb or even a
531 # command with an argument instead of a full file
532 # specification under VMS. So, don't turn the command
533 # into a filespec, but do add a level to the path of
534 # the argument if not already absolute.
535 my @cmd = split /\s+/, $self->{$key};
536 $cmd[1] = $self->catfile('[-]',$cmd[1])
537 unless (@cmd < 2) || $self->file_name_is_absolute($cmd[1]);
538 $self->{$key} = join(' ', @cmd);
541 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
542 $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self;
543 foreach my $opt (qw(POLLUTE PERL_CORE LINKTYPE)) {
544 if (exists $self->{PARENT}->{$opt}
545 and not exists $self->{$opt})
547 # inherit, but only if already unspecified
548 $self->{$opt} = $self->{PARENT}->{$opt};
552 my @fm = grep /^FIRST_MAKEFILE=/, @ARGV;
553 parse_args($self,@fm) if @fm;
555 parse_args($self,split(' ', $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT} || ''),@ARGV);
559 $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;
561 ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;
575 $self->init_DIRFILESEP;
577 $self->init_ABSTRACT;
581 $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'}, "Config.pm")
584 $self->init_others();
585 $self->init_platform();
587 my($argv) = neatvalue(\@ARGV);
591 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
592 # This Makefile is for the $self->{NAME} extension to perl.
594 # It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version
595 # $VERSION (Revision: $Revision) from the contents of
596 # Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead.
598 # ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
600 # MakeMaker ARGV: $argv
602 # MakeMaker Parameters:
605 foreach my $key (sort keys %initial_att){
606 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
608 my($v) = neatvalue($initial_att{$key});
609 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
611 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
613 undef %initial_att; # free memory
615 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
616 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
618 # MakeMaker 'CONFIGURE' Parameters:
620 if (scalar(keys %configure_att) > 0) {
621 foreach my $key (sort keys %configure_att){
622 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
623 my($v) = neatvalue($configure_att{$key});
624 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
626 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
631 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# no values returned";
633 undef %configure_att; # free memory
636 # turn the SKIP array into a SKIPHASH hash
637 for my $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
638 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
640 delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory
642 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
643 for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci/) {
644 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
648 # We run all the subdirectories now. They don't have much to query
649 # from the parent, but the parent has to query them: if they need linking!
650 unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
651 $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
654 foreach my $section ( @MM_Sections ){
655 # Support for new foo_target() methods.
656 my $method = $section;
657 $method .= '_target' unless $self->can($method);
659 print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
660 my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
662 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
664 my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
665 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
666 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
667 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->maketext_filter(
673 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
678 sub WriteEmptyMakefile {
679 Carp::croak "WriteEmptyMakefile: Need an even number of args" if @_ % 2;
682 my $self = MM->new(\%att);
684 my $new = $self->{MAKEFILE};
685 my $old = $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD};
687 _unlink($old) or warn "unlink $old: $!";
690 _rename($new, $old) or warn "rename $new => $old: $!"
692 open my $mfh, '>', $new or die "open $new for write: $!";
705 close $mfh or die "close $new for write: $!";
709 print STDOUT "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
710 require ExtUtils::Manifest;
712 $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = 1;
713 my(@missed) = ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
715 print STDOUT "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
716 print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
718 print STDOUT "Please inform the author.\n";
720 print STDOUT "Looks good\n";
725 my($self, @args) = @_;
727 unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/) {
728 ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
731 my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
732 if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/) { # tilde with optional username
733 $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
735 ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
740 # Remember the original args passed it. It will be useful later.
741 $self->{ARGS}{uc $name} = $self->{uc $name} = $value;
744 # catch old-style 'potential_libs' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
745 if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
746 my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
747 if ($self->{potential_libs}){
748 print STDOUT "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
750 print STDOUT "$msg deleted.\n";
752 $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
753 delete $self->{potential_libs};
755 # catch old-style 'ARMAYBE' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
756 if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
757 my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
758 print STDOUT "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
759 "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
760 my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
761 $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
762 delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
764 if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
765 print STDOUT "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
766 $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
767 delete $self->{LDTARGET};
769 # Turn a DIR argument on the command line into an array
770 if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
771 # So they can choose from the command line, which extensions they want
772 # the grep enables them to have some colons too much in case they
773 # have to build a list with the shell
774 $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
776 # Turn a INCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
777 if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
778 $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
780 # Turn a EXCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
781 if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
782 $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
785 foreach my $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
786 next if $mmkey eq 'ARGS';
787 print STDOUT " $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
788 print STDOUT "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
789 unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
796 # We allow extension-specific hints files.
799 my $curdir = File::Spec->curdir;
801 my $hint_dir = File::Spec->catdir($curdir, "hints");
802 return unless -d $hint_dir;
804 # First we look for the best hintsfile we have
805 my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
810 # Also try without trailing minor version numbers.
812 last if -f File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl"); # found
814 last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
816 my $hint_file = File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl");
818 return unless -f $hint_file; # really there
820 _run_hintfile($self, $hint_file);
825 local($self) = shift; # make $self available to the hint file.
826 my($hint_file) = shift;
829 print STDERR "Processing hints file $hint_file\n";
831 # Just in case the ./ isn't on the hint file, which File::Spec can
832 # often strip off, we bung the curdir into @INC
833 local @INC = (File::Spec->curdir, @INC);
834 my $ret = do $hint_file;
835 if( !defined $ret ) {
836 my $error = $@ || $!;
844 # Here you see the *current* list of methods that are overridable
845 # from Makefile.PL via MY:: subroutines. As of VERSION 5.07 I'm
846 # still trying to reduce the list to some reasonable minimum --
847 # because I want to make it easier for the user. A.K.
849 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
850 # can't use 'no warnings redefined', 5.6 only
851 warn @_ unless $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine .* redefined/
853 foreach my $method (@Overridable) {
855 # We cannot say "next" here. Nick might call MY->makeaperl
856 # which isn't defined right now
858 # Above statement was written at 4.23 time when Tk-b8 was
859 # around. As Tk-b9 only builds with 5.002something and MM 5 is
860 # standard, we try to enable the next line again. It was
861 # commented out until MM 5.23
863 next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};
866 no strict 'refs'; ## no critic
867 *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};
869 # If we delete a method, then it will be undefined and cannot
870 # be called. But as long as we have Makefile.PLs that rely on
871 # %MY:: being intact, we have to fill the hole with an
876 my $super = "SUPER::".$method;
884 # We have to clean out %INC also, because the current directory is
885 # changed frequently and Graham Barr prefers to get his version
886 # out of a History.pl file which is "required" so woudn't get
887 # loaded again in another extension requiring a History.pl
889 # With perl5.002_01 the deletion of entries in %INC caused Tk-b11
890 # to core dump in the middle of a require statement. The required
891 # file was Tk/MMutil.pm. The consequence is, we have to be
892 # extremely careful when we try to give perl a reason to reload a
893 # library with same name. The workaround prefers to drop nothing
894 # from %INC and teach the writers not to use such libraries.
897 # foreach $inc (keys %INC) {
898 # #warn "***$inc*** deleted";
906 if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
907 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
908 "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
909 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
910 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
911 "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
912 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
914 if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
915 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
916 "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
917 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
919 if ($section eq 'static') {
920 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
921 "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
922 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
924 return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
931 my $finalname = $self->{MAKEFILE};
932 print STDOUT "Writing $finalname for $self->{NAME}\n";
934 unlink($finalname, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : ());
935 open(my $fh,">", "MakeMaker.tmp")
936 or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
938 for my $chunk (@{$self->{RESULT}}) {
939 print $fh "$chunk\n";
943 _rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname) or
944 warn "rename MakeMaker.tmp => $finalname: $!";
945 chmod 0644, $finalname unless $Is_VMS;
947 my %keep = map { ($_ => 1) } qw(NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE);
949 if ($self->{PARENT} && !$self->{_KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH}) {
950 foreach (keys %$self) { # safe memory
951 delete $self->{$_} unless $keep{$_};
955 system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname") unless $Config::Config{eunicefix} eq ":";
959 # This is a rename for OS's where the target must be unlinked first.
961 my($src, $dest) = @_;
964 return rename $src, $dest;
967 # This is an unlink for OS's where the target must be writable first.
971 return unlink @files;
975 # The following mkbootstrap() is only for installations that are calling
976 # the pre-4.1 mkbootstrap() from their old Makefiles. This MakeMaker
977 # writes Makefiles, that use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap directly.
980 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
981 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
982 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
986 # Ditto for mksymlists() as of MakeMaker 5.17
989 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
990 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
991 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
997 return "undef" unless defined $v;
999 return "q[$v]" unless $t;
1000 if ($t eq 'ARRAY') {
1003 foreach my $elem (@$v) {
1004 push @neat, "q[$elem]";
1006 push @m, join ", ", @neat;
1010 return "$v" unless $t eq 'HASH';
1012 while (($key,$val) = each %$v){
1013 last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
1014 push(@m,"$key=>".neatvalue($val)) ;
1016 return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
1023 push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
1024 foreach my $key (sort keys %$self){
1025 next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
1026 my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
1027 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
1029 push @m, "# $key => $v";
1041 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
1045 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
1047 WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...] );
1051 This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
1052 from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
1053 Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.
1055 It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
1056 that can be individually overridden. Each subroutine returns the text
1057 it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
1059 MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
1060 directory that contains a Makefile.PL is treated as a separate
1061 object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
1062 Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().
1064 =head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL
1066 See ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.
1068 The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)
1070 =head2 Default Makefile Behaviour
1072 The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
1074 perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
1076 make test # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
1077 make install # See below
1079 The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
1080 form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
1082 perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=~
1084 Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
1086 make config # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
1087 make clean # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
1088 make realclean # delete derived files (including ./blib)
1089 make ci # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
1090 make dist # see below the Distribution Support section
1094 MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
1095 current directory and if it exists it execute the script with the
1096 proper set of perl C<-I> options.
1098 MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
1099 execute all matching files in alphabetical order via the
1100 L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I> switches set correctly.
1102 If you'd like to see the raw output of your tests, set the
1103 C<TEST_VERBOSE> variable to true.
1105 make test TEST_VERBOSE=1
1109 A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
1110 test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
1111 F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
1113 If you want to debug some other testfile, set the C<TEST_FILE> variable
1116 make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
1118 By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
1119 want to specify some other option, set the C<TESTDB_SW> variable:
1121 make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx
1125 make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
1126 the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_MAN1DIR and
1127 INST_MAN3DIR. All these default to something below ./blib if you are
1128 I<not> building below the perl source directory. If you I<are>
1129 building below the perl source, INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to
1130 ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not defined.
1132 The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
1133 below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
1134 counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
1135 INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:
1140 PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX
1141 INST_ARCHLIB INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
1142 INST_LIB INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB INSTALLVENDORLIB
1143 INST_BIN INSTALLBIN INSTALLSITEBIN INSTALLVENDORBIN
1144 INST_SCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSITESCRIPT INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
1145 INST_MAN1DIR INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
1146 INST_MAN3DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
1148 The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
1149 ($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
1151 You can check the values of these variables on your system with
1155 And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
1156 searched by perl, run
1158 perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'
1160 Sometimes older versions of the module you're installing live in other
1161 directories in @INC. Because Perl loads the first version of a module it
1162 finds, not the newest, you might accidentally get one of these older
1163 versions even after installing a brand new version. To delete I<all other
1164 versions of the module you're installing> (not simply older ones) set the
1167 make install UNINST=1
1172 INSTALL_BASE can be passed into Makefile.PL to change where your
1173 module will be installed. INSTALL_BASE is more like what everyone
1174 else calls "prefix" than PREFIX is.
1176 To have everything installed in your home directory, do the following.
1178 # Unix users, INSTALL_BASE=~ works fine
1179 perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=/path/to/your/home/dir
1181 Like PREFIX, it sets several INSTALL* attributes at once. Unlike
1182 PREFIX it is easy to predict where the module will end up. The
1183 installation pattern looks like this:
1185 INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALL_BASE/lib/perl5/$Config{archname}
1186 INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALL_BASE/lib/perl5
1187 INSTALLBIN INSTALL_BASE/bin
1188 INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALL_BASE/bin
1189 INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALL_BASE/man/man1
1190 INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALL_BASE/man/man3
1192 INSTALL_BASE in MakeMaker and C<--install_base> in Module::Build (as
1193 of 0.28) install to the same location. If you want MakeMaker and
1194 Module::Build to install to the same location simply set INSTALL_BASE
1195 and C<--install_base> to the same location.
1197 INSTALL_BASE was added in 6.31.
1200 =head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute
1202 PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
1203 go. Here's an example for installing into your home directory.
1205 # Unix users, PREFIX=~ works fine
1206 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/path/to/your/home/dir
1208 This will install all files in the module under your home directory,
1209 with man pages and libraries going into an appropriate place (usually
1210 ~/man and ~/lib). How the exact location is determined is complicated
1211 and depends on how your Perl was configured. INSTALL_BASE works more
1212 like what other build systems call "prefix" than PREFIX and we
1213 recommend you use that instead.
1215 Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
1218 perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
1220 This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
1221 ~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname.
1223 Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
1224 by perl by default, nor by make.
1226 Conflicts between parameters LIB, PREFIX and the various INSTALL*
1227 arguments are resolved so that:
1233 setting LIB overrides any setting of INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1234 INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH (and they are not affected by PREFIX);
1238 without LIB, setting PREFIX replaces the initial C<$Config{prefix}>
1239 part of those INSTALL* arguments, even if the latter are explicitly
1240 set (but are set to still start with C<$Config{prefix}>).
1244 If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS or
1245 relatives, then the defaults for INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1246 INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate, and this incantation will be
1254 make install per default writes some documentation of what has been
1255 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
1256 can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.
1260 will have to specify the installation directories as these most
1261 probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
1262 have to do this by calling
1264 perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
1265 INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
1268 Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
1269 extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
1272 =head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
1274 An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
1275 systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
1276 dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
1277 with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
1278 by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
1279 is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with
1283 That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
1284 extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB, SITELIBEXP,
1285 and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
1286 UNIX, this is called Makefile.aperl (may be system dependent). If you
1287 want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended, that you
1288 delete this Makefile.aperl, so the directories are searched-through
1289 for linkable libraries again.
1291 The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
1292 resides on your machine with
1296 To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say
1298 perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
1305 make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1306 make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1308 In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
1309 C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.
1311 make inst_perl per default writes some documentation of what has been
1312 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
1313 can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.
1315 Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
1316 existing perl binary. Use with care!
1318 Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
1319 your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
1320 set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:
1322 perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static # recommended
1326 make LINKTYPE=static # works on most systems
1328 =head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
1330 MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
1331 located. Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
1332 during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
1333 existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).
1335 Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
1336 directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
1337 is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
1338 itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
1339 below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
1340 directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
1341 extensions that come with perl.
1343 If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
1344 source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
1345 C<../..>). If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
1346 a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:
1349 PERL_LIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1350 PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1352 INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB
1354 If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
1355 will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
1356 of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:
1358 PERL_INC = $archlibexp/CORE
1359 PERL_LIB = $privlibexp
1360 PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
1361 INST_LIB = ./blib/lib
1362 INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch
1364 If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
1365 command line as shown in the previous section.
1368 =head2 Which architecture dependent directory?
1370 If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
1371 MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
1372 relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
1373 by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
1374 sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
1375 then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
1376 INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config ,
1377 otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
1378 for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.
1380 MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
1381 internal variables and get different results. It is worth to mention,
1382 that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
1383 used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
1384 be necessary, and should only be done if the author of a package
1385 recommends it (or you know what you're doing).
1387 =head2 Using Attributes and Parameters
1389 The following attributes may be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
1390 or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line.
1396 One line description of the module. Will be included in PPD file.
1400 Name of the file that contains the package description. MakeMaker looks
1401 for a line in the POD matching /^($package\s-\s)(.*)/. This is typically
1402 the first line in the "=head1 NAME" section. $2 becomes the abstract.
1406 String containing name (and email address) of package author(s). Is used
1407 in PPD (Perl Package Description) files for PPM (Perl Package Manager).
1409 =item BINARY_LOCATION
1411 Used when creating PPD files for binary packages. It can be set to a
1412 full or relative path or URL to the binary archive for a particular
1413 architecture. For example:
1415 perl Makefile.PL BINARY_LOCATION=x86/Agent.tar.gz
1417 builds a PPD package that references a binary of the C<Agent> package,
1418 located in the C<x86> directory relative to the PPD itself.
1422 Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
1423 and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
1424 currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.
1428 String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
1429 the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.
1433 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
1434 config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
1454 CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
1455 hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
1456 be determined by some evaluation method.
1458 =item CONFIGURE_REQUIRES
1460 A hash of modules that are required to run Makefile.PL itself, but not
1461 to run your distribution.
1463 This will go into the C<configure_requires> field of your F<META.yml>.
1465 Defaults to C<{ "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" => 0 }>
1467 The format is the same as PREREQ_PM.
1471 Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">
1475 This is the root directory into which the code will be installed. It
1476 I<prepends itself to the normal prefix>. For example, if your code
1477 would normally go into F</usr/local/lib/perl> you could set DESTDIR=~/tmp/
1478 and installation would go into F<~/tmp/usr/local/lib/perl>.
1480 This is primarily of use for people who repackage Perl modules.
1482 NOTE: Due to the nature of make, it is important that you put the trailing
1483 slash on your DESTDIR. F<~/tmp/> not F<~/tmp>.
1487 Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. ['sdbm']
1492 A safe filename for the package.
1494 Defaults to NAME above but with :: replaced with -.
1496 For example, Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar.
1500 Your name for distributing the package with the version number
1501 included. This is used by 'make dist' to name the resulting archive
1504 Defaults to DISTNAME-VERSION.
1506 For example, version 1.04 of Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar-1.04.
1508 On some OS's where . has special meaning VERSION_SYM may be used in
1513 Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as universal
1514 symbols. Each key/value pair consists of the package name and an
1515 array of routine names in that package. Used only under AIX, OS/2,
1516 VMS and Win32 at present. The routine names supplied will be expanded
1517 in the same way as XSUB names are expanded by the XS() macro.
1520 {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }
1524 {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
1525 "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }
1527 Please see the L<ExtUtils::Mksymlists> documentation for more information
1528 about the DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS and FUNCLIST attributes.
1532 Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as universal symbols.
1533 Used only under AIX, OS/2, VMS and Win32 at present. Defaults to [].
1534 (e.g. [ qw(Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])
1538 Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build. This
1539 is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present. Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
1540 details. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )
1542 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1543 command line: perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'
1547 Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
1548 INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
1551 If your executables start with something like #!perl or
1552 #!/usr/bin/perl MakeMaker will change this to the path of the perl
1553 'Makefile.PL' was invoked with so the programs will be sure to run
1554 properly even if perl is not in /usr/bin/perl.
1556 =item FIRST_MAKEFILE
1558 The name of the Makefile to be produced. This is used for the second
1559 Makefile that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.
1561 Defaults to 'Makefile' or 'Descrip.MMS' on VMS.
1563 (Note: we couldn't use MAKEFILE because dmake uses this for something
1568 Perl binary able to run this extension, load XS modules, etc...
1572 Like PERLRUN, except it uses FULLPERL.
1574 =item FULLPERLRUNINST
1576 Like PERLRUNINST, except it uses FULLPERL.
1580 This provides an alternate means to specify function names to be
1581 exported from the extension. Its value is a reference to an
1582 array of function names to be exported by the extension. These
1583 names are passed through unaltered to the linker options file.
1587 Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.
1591 This attribute is used to specify names to be imported into the
1592 extension. Takes a hash ref.
1594 It is only used on OS/2 and Win32.
1598 Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">
1602 Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
1603 MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
1604 doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior. If
1605 INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
1606 which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])
1608 It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
1609 filling in INCLUDE_EXT. If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
1610 only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.
1612 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1613 command line: perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'
1615 =item INSTALLARCHLIB
1617 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1618 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1622 Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into if
1627 Determines which of the sets of installation directories to choose:
1628 perl, site or vendor. Defaults to site.
1630 =item INSTALLMAN1DIR
1632 =item INSTALLMAN3DIR
1634 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1635 INSTALLDIRS=perl. Defaults to $Config{installman*dir}.
1637 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1639 =item INSTALLPRIVLIB
1641 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1642 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1644 Defaults to $Config{installprivlib}.
1648 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1649 directory if INSTALLDIRS=perl.
1651 =item INSTALLSITEARCH
1653 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1654 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1656 =item INSTALLSITEBIN
1658 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
1659 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1661 =item INSTALLSITELIB
1663 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1664 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1666 =item INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR
1668 =item INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
1670 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1671 INSTALLDIRS=site (default). Defaults to
1672 $(SITEPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
1674 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1676 =item INSTALLSITESCRIPT
1678 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1679 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1681 =item INSTALLVENDORARCH
1683 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1684 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1686 =item INSTALLVENDORBIN
1688 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
1689 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1691 =item INSTALLVENDORLIB
1693 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1694 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1696 =item INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
1698 =item INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
1700 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1701 INSTALLDIRS=vendor. Defaults to $(VENDORPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
1703 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1705 =item INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
1707 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1708 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to is set to vendor.
1712 Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.
1716 Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
1717 to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'
1721 Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
1726 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1730 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1734 Directory, where executable files should be installed during
1735 'make'. Defaults to "./blib/script", just to have a dummy location during
1736 testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
1741 Program to be used to link libraries for dynamic loading.
1743 Defaults to $Config{ld}.
1747 Any special flags that might need to be passed to ld to create a
1748 shared library suitable for dynamic loading. It is up to the makefile
1749 to use it. (See L<Config/lddlflags>)
1751 Defaults to $Config{lddlflags}.
1755 Defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
1756 what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
1761 LIB should only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time but is allowed as a
1762 MakeMaker argument. It has the effect of setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB
1763 and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any explicit setting of
1764 those arguments (or of PREFIX). INSTALLARCHLIB and INSTALLSITEARCH
1765 are set to the corresponding architecture subdirectory.
1769 The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
1770 extension. Defaults to libperl.a.
1774 An anonymous array of alternative library
1775 specifications to be searched for (in order) until
1776 at least one library is found. E.g.
1778 'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]
1780 Mind, that any element of the array
1781 contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
1782 command. So do not specify
1784 'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]
1786 See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
1787 you specify a scalar as in
1789 'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"
1791 MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.
1795 The licensing terms of your distribution. Generally its "perl" for the
1796 same license as Perl itself.
1798 See L<Module::Build::API> for the list of options.
1800 Defaults to "unknown".
1804 'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
1805 config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
1810 Variant of make you intend to run the generated Makefile with. This
1811 parameter lets Makefile.PL know what make quirks to account for when
1812 generating the Makefile.
1814 MakeMaker also honors the MAKE environment variable. This parameter
1817 Currently the only significant values are 'dmake' and 'nmake' for Windows
1820 Defaults to $Config{make}.
1824 Boolean which tells MakeMaker, that it should include the rules to
1825 make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
1826 MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.
1830 When 'make clean' or similar is run, the $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) will be
1831 backed up at this location.
1833 Defaults to $(FIRST_MAKEFILE).old or $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)_old on VMS.
1837 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1838 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1839 here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
1842 This hash should map POD files (or scripts containing POD) to the
1843 man file names under the C<blib/man1/> directory, as in the following
1847 'doc/command.pod' => 'blib/man1/command.1',
1848 'scripts/script.pl' => 'blib/man1/script.1',
1853 Hashref that assigns to *.pm and *.pod files the files into which the
1854 manpages are to be written. MakeMaker parses all *.pod and *.pm files
1855 for POD directives. Files that contain POD will be the default keys of
1856 the MAN3PODS hashref. These will then be converted to man pages during
1857 C<make> and will be installed during C<make install>.
1859 Example similar to MAN1PODS.
1863 If it is intended, that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
1864 may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl
1870 A hashrefs of items to add to the F<META.yml>.
1872 They differ in how they behave if they have the same key as the
1873 default metadata. META_ADD will override the default value with it's
1874 own. META_MERGE will merge its value with the default.
1876 Unless you want to override the defaults, prefer META_MERGE so as to
1877 get the advantage of any future defaults.
1879 =item MIN_PERL_VERSION
1881 The minimum required version of Perl for this distribution.
1883 Either 5.006001 or 5.6.1 format is acceptable.
1887 If the extension links to a library that it builds set this to the
1888 name of the library (see SDBM_File)
1892 Perl module name for this extension (DBD::Oracle). This will default
1893 to the directory name but should be explicitly defined in the
1898 MakeMaker will figure out if an extension contains linkable code
1899 anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
1900 accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit if you define
1901 this boolean variable yourself.
1905 Command so make does not print the literal commands its running.
1907 By setting it to an empty string you can generate a Makefile that
1908 prints all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker itself.
1914 Boolean. Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.
1918 When true, suppresses the generation and addition to the MANIFEST of
1919 the META.yml module meta-data file during 'make distdir'.
1925 In general, any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
1926 MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
1927 set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
1928 Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.
1932 List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
1933 string containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
1934 tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o"
1936 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME, and OBJ_EXT is $Config{obj_ext}.)
1940 Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
1941 passed to subdirectory makes.
1945 Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl
1949 Set only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1954 The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
1959 Same as for PERL_LIB, but for architecture dependent files.
1961 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1962 distribution (because normally $(PERL_ARCHLIB) is automatically in @INC,
1963 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1967 Directory containing the Perl library to use.
1969 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1970 distribution (because normally $(PERL_LIB) is automatically in @INC,
1971 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1973 =item PERL_MALLOC_OK
1975 defaults to 0. Should be set to TRUE if the extension can work with
1976 the memory allocation routines substituted by the Perl malloc() subsystem.
1977 This should be applicable to most extensions with exceptions of those
1983 with bugs in memory allocations which are caught by Perl's malloc();
1987 which interact with the memory allocator in other ways than via
1988 malloc(), realloc(), free(), calloc(), sbrk() and brk();
1992 which rely on special alignment which is not provided by Perl's malloc().
1996 B<NOTE.> Negligence to set this flag in I<any one> of loaded extension
1997 nullifies many advantages of Perl's malloc(), such as better usage of
1998 system resources, error detection, memory usage reporting, catchable failure
1999 of memory allocations, etc.
2003 Directory under which core modules are to be installed.
2005 Defaults to $Config{installprefixexp} falling back to
2006 $Config{installprefix}, $Config{prefixexp} or $Config{prefix} should
2007 $Config{installprefixexp} not exist.
2009 Overridden by PREFIX.
2013 Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl. It will set up
2014 extra necessary flags for you.
2018 Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl to work with
2019 modules. It will add things like -I$(INST_ARCH) and other necessary
2020 flags so perl can see the modules you're about to install.
2024 Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
2025 avoided, it may be undefined)
2029 Desired permission for directories. Defaults to C<755>.
2033 Desired permission for read/writable files. Defaults to C<644>.
2037 Desired permission for executable files. Defaults to C<755>.
2041 MakeMaker can run programs to generate files for you at build time.
2042 By default any file named *.PL (except Makefile.PL and Build.PL) in
2043 the top level directory will be assumed to be a Perl program and run
2044 passing its own basename in as an argument. For example...
2048 This behavior can be overridden by supplying your own set of files to
2049 search. PL_FILES accepts a hash ref, the key being the file to run
2050 and the value is passed in as the first argument when the PL file is run.
2052 PL_FILES => {'bin/foobar.PL' => 'bin/foobar'}
2054 Would run bin/foobar.PL like this:
2056 perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar
2058 If multiple files from one program are desired an array ref can be used.
2060 PL_FILES => {'bin/foobar.PL' => [qw(bin/foobar1 bin/foobar2)]}
2062 In this case the program will be run multiple times using each target file.
2064 perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar1
2065 perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar2
2067 PL files are normally run B<after> pm_to_blib and include INST_LIB and
2068 INST_ARCH in its C<@INC> so the just built modules can be
2069 accessed... unless the PL file is making a module (or anything else in
2070 PM) in which case it is run B<before> pm_to_blib and does not include
2071 INST_LIB and INST_ARCH in its C<@INC>. This apparently odd behavior
2072 is there for backwards compatibility (and its somewhat DWIM).
2077 Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed. e.g.
2079 {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/install_as.pm'}
2081 By default this will include *.pm and *.pl and the files found in
2082 the PMLIBDIRS directories. Defining PM in the
2083 Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
2087 Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files. Defaults to
2088 [ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and I<any> files
2089 they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
2090 library. A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
2091 Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
2093 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME.)
2097 A filter program, in the traditional Unix sense (input from stdin, output
2098 to stdout) that is passed on each .pm file during the build (in the
2099 pm_to_blib() phase). It is empty by default, meaning no filtering is done.
2101 Great care is necessary when defining the command if quoting needs to be
2102 done. For instance, you would need to say:
2104 {'PM_FILTER' => 'grep -v \\"^\\#\\"'}
2106 to remove all the leading comments on the fly during the build. The
2107 extra \\ are necessary, unfortunately, because this variable is interpolated
2108 within the context of a Perl program built on the command line, and double
2109 quotes are what is used with the -e switch to build that command line. The
2110 # is escaped for the Makefile, since what is going to be generated will then
2113 PM_FILTER = grep -v \"^\#\"
2115 Without the \\ before the #, we'd have the start of a Makefile comment,
2116 and the macro would be incorrectly defined.
2120 Release 5.005 grandfathered old global symbol names by providing preprocessor
2121 macros for extension source compatibility. As of release 5.6, these
2122 preprocessor definitions are not available by default. The POLLUTE flag
2123 specifies that the old names should still be defined:
2125 perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1
2127 Please inform the module author if this is necessary to successfully install
2128 a module under 5.6 or later.
2130 =item PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
2132 Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
2134 =item PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT
2136 Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager after
2137 the installation of a package.
2141 This overrides all the default install locations. Man pages,
2142 libraries, scripts, etc... MakeMaker will try to make an educated
2143 guess about where to place things under the new PREFIX based on your
2144 Config defaults. Failing that, it will fall back to a structure
2145 which should be sensible for your platform.
2147 If you specify LIB or any INSTALL* variables they will not be effected
2152 Bool. If this parameter is true, failing to have the required modules
2153 (or the right versions thereof) will be fatal. C<perl Makefile.PL>
2154 will C<die> instead of simply informing the user of the missing dependencies.
2156 It is I<extremely> rare to have to use C<PREREQ_FATAL>. Its use by module
2157 authors is I<strongly discouraged> and should never be used lightly.
2158 Module installation tools have ways of resolving umet dependencies but
2159 to do that they need a F<Makefile>. Using C<PREREQ_FATAL> breaks this.
2162 The only situation where it is appropriate is when you have
2163 dependencies that are indispensible to actually I<write> a
2164 F<Makefile>. For example, MakeMaker's F<Makefile.PL> needs L<File::Spec>.
2165 If its not available it cannot write the F<Makefile>.
2167 Note: see L<Test::Harness> for a shortcut for stopping tests early
2168 if you are missing dependencies and are afraid that users might
2169 use your module with an incomplete environment.
2173 A hash of modules that are needed to run your module. The keys are
2174 the module names ie. Test::More, and the minimum version is the
2175 value. If the required version number is 0 any version will do.
2177 This will go into the C<requires> field of your F<META.yml>.
2180 # Require Test::More at least 0.47
2181 "Test::More" => "0.47",
2183 # Require any version of Acme::Buffy
2189 Bool. If this parameter is true, the prerequisites will be printed to
2190 stdout and MakeMaker will exit. The output format is an evalable hash
2199 If a distribution defines a minimal required perl version, this is
2200 added to the output as an additional line of the form:
2202 $MIN_PERL_VERSION = '5.008001';
2206 RedHatism for C<PREREQ_PRINT>. The output format is different, though:
2208 perl(A::B)>=Vers1 perl(C::D)>=Vers2 ...
2210 A minimal required perl version, if present, will look like this:
2212 perl(perl)>=5.008001
2216 Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the site install locations.
2218 Defaults to $Config{siteprefixexp}. Perls prior to 5.6.0 didn't have
2219 an explicit siteprefix in the Config. In those cases
2220 $Config{installprefix} will be used.
2222 Overridable by PREFIX
2226 When true, perform the generation and addition to the MANIFEST of the
2227 SIGNATURE file in the distdir during 'make distdir', via 'cpansign
2230 Note that you need to install the Module::Signature module to
2231 perform this operation.
2237 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
2238 Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the negligible
2239 speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it
2240 if you really need it.
2244 Ref to array of typemap file names. Use this when the typemaps are
2245 in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
2246 not named B<typemap>. The last typemap in the list takes
2247 precedence. A typemap in the current directory has highest
2248 precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS. The default system
2249 typemap has lowest precedence.
2253 Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the vendor install locations.
2255 Defaults to $Config{vendorprefixexp}.
2257 Overridable by PREFIX
2261 If true, make install will be verbose
2265 Your version number for distributing the package. This defaults to
2270 Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
2271 MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
2272 routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
2273 single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
2274 that contains the regular expression
2276 /([\$*])(([\w\:\']*)\bVERSION)\b.*\=/
2278 will be evaluated with eval() and the value of the named variable
2279 B<after> the eval() will be assigned to the VERSION attribute of the
2280 MakeMaker object. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:
2284 ($VERSION) = q$Revision$ =~ /(\d+)/g;
2285 $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';
2286 *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';
2288 but these will fail:
2291 my $VERSION = '1.01';
2292 local $VERSION = '1.02';
2293 local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';
2295 "Version strings" are incompatible should not be used.
2301 L<version> objects are fine. As of MakeMaker 6.35 version.pm will be
2302 automatically loaded, but you must declare the dependency on version.pm.
2303 For compatibility with older MakeMaker you should load on the same line
2304 as $VERSION is declared.
2307 use version; our $VERSION = qv(1.2.3);
2309 (Putting C<my> or C<local> on the preceding line will work o.k.)
2311 The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
2312 Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
2313 during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
2314 change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
2315 contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
2316 would have to do something like
2318 depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }
2320 See attribute C<depend> below.
2324 A sanitized VERSION with . replaced by _. For places where . has
2325 special meaning (some filesystems, RCS labels, etc...)
2329 Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this. e.g.
2331 {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}
2333 The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
2334 deleted by a make clean.
2338 String of options to pass to xsubpp. This might include C<-C++> or
2339 C<-extern>. Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
2344 May be set to an empty string, which is identical to C<-prototypes>, or
2345 C<-noprototypes>. See the xsubpp documentation for details. MakeMaker
2346 defaults to the empty string.
2350 Your version number for the .xs file of this package. This defaults
2351 to the value of the VERSION attribute.
2355 =head2 Additional lowercase attributes
2357 can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
2358 part of the Makefile. Parameters are specified as a hash ref but are
2359 passed to the method as a hash.
2365 {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}
2369 {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDENCY, ...}
2371 (ANY_TARGET must not be given a double-colon rule by MakeMaker.)
2375 {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => '.gz',
2376 SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
2377 ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }
2379 If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
2380 needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
2381 DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
2382 your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
2383 'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
2384 links the rest. Default is 'best'.
2388 {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}
2392 {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}
2394 NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say
2398 with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
2399 can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes when there's nothing to
2404 {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}
2408 Anything put here will be passed to MY::postamble() if you have one.
2412 {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}
2418 =item tool_autosplit
2424 =head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
2426 If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
2427 attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
2428 Each subroutine returns the text it wishes to have written to
2429 the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
2432 sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }
2434 or you can edit the default by saying something like:
2436 package MY; # so that "SUPER" works right
2438 my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
2439 $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
2443 If you are running experiments with embedding perl as a library into
2444 other applications, you might find MakeMaker is not sufficient. You'd
2445 better have a look at ExtUtils::Embed which is a collection of utilities
2448 If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
2449 subroutine that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
2450 C<makemaker@perl.org>
2452 For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see
2453 L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.
2455 Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
2459 return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
2460 $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
2461 cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
2466 =head2 The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
2468 WriteMakefile() now does some basic sanity checks on its parameters to
2469 protect against typos and malformatted values. This means some things
2470 which happened to work in the past will now throw warnings and
2471 possibly produce internal errors.
2473 Some of the most common mistakes:
2477 =item C<< MAN3PODS => ' ' >>
2479 This is commonly used to suppress the creation of man pages. MAN3PODS
2480 takes a hash ref not a string, but the above worked by accident in old
2481 versions of MakeMaker.
2483 The correct code is C<< MAN3PODS => { } >>.
2488 =head2 Hintsfile support
2490 MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture specific information from
2491 Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
2492 in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
2493 like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
2494 name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
2495 MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
2496 execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
2497 which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.
2499 The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
2500 WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
2501 reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
2502 override or create an attribute you would say something like
2504 $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];
2506 =head2 Distribution Support
2508 For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
2509 targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
2510 where additional documentation can be found.
2514 =item make distcheck
2516 reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
2517 MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
2520 =item make skipcheck
2522 reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
2523 C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
2526 =item make distclean
2528 does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
2529 needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure that the
2530 MANIFEST file is ok.
2534 rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
2535 ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)
2539 Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
2540 directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
2541 exists, it will be removed first.
2543 Additionally, it will create a META.yml module meta-data file in the
2544 distdir and add this to the distdir's MANIFEST. You can shut this
2545 behavior off with the NO_META flag.
2549 Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
2550 a make test in that directory.
2554 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2555 command, followed by $(TO_UNIX), which defaults to a null command under
2556 UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
2557 otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
2558 deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
2559 defaults to a null command.
2563 Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.
2565 =item make uutardist
2567 Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.
2571 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2572 command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
2573 deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
2574 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command. Note: For shdist to work
2575 properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.
2579 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2580 command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
2581 zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
2582 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.
2586 Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.
2590 Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
2591 reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
2592 following parameters are recognized:
2595 COMPRESS ('gzip --best')
2598 TO_UNIX (depends on the system)
2599 RCS_LABEL ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
2612 COMPRESS => "bzip2",
2618 =head2 Module Meta-Data
2620 Long plaguing users of MakeMaker based modules has been the problem of
2621 getting basic information about the module out of the sources
2622 I<without> running the F<Makefile.PL> and doing a bunch of messy
2623 heuristics on the resulting F<Makefile>. To this end a simple module
2624 meta-data file has been introduced, F<META.yml>.
2626 F<META.yml> is a YAML document (see http://www.yaml.org) containing
2627 basic information about the module (name, version, prerequisites...)
2628 in an easy to read format. The format is developed and defined by the
2629 Module::Build developers (see
2630 http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec.html)
2632 MakeMaker will automatically generate a F<META.yml> file for you and
2633 add it to your F<MANIFEST> as part of the 'distdir' target (and thus
2634 the 'dist' target). This is intended to seamlessly and rapidly
2635 populate CPAN with module meta-data. If you wish to shut this feature
2636 off, set the C<NO_META> C<WriteMakefile()> flag to true.
2639 =head2 Disabling an extension
2641 If some events detected in F<Makefile.PL> imply that there is no way
2642 to create the Module, but this is a normal state of things, then you
2643 can create a F<Makefile> which does nothing, but succeeds on all the
2644 "usual" build targets. To do so, use
2646 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw(WriteEmptyMakefile);
2647 WriteEmptyMakefile();
2649 instead of WriteMakefile().
2651 This may be useful if other modules expect this module to be I<built>
2652 OK, as opposed to I<work> OK (say, this system-dependent module builds
2653 in a subdirectory of some other distribution, or is listed as a
2654 dependency in a CPAN::Bundle, but the functionality is supported by
2655 different means on the current architecture).
2657 =head2 Other Handy Functions
2663 my $value = prompt($message);
2664 my $value = prompt($message, $default);
2666 The C<prompt()> function provides an easy way to request user input
2667 used to write a makefile. It displays the $message as a prompt for
2668 input. If a $default is provided it will be used as a default. The
2669 function returns the $value selected by the user.
2671 If C<prompt()> detects that it is not running interactively and there
2672 is nothing on STDIN or if the PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT environment variable
2673 is set to true, the $default will be used without prompting. This
2674 prevents automated processes from blocking on user input.
2676 If no $default is provided an empty string will be used instead.
2687 Command line options used by C<MakeMaker-E<gt>new()>, and thus by
2688 C<WriteMakefile()>. The string is split on whitespace, and the result
2689 is processed before any actual command line arguments are processed.
2691 =item PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
2693 If set to a true value then MakeMaker's prompt function will
2694 always return the default without waiting for user input.
2698 Same as the PERL_CORE parameter. The parameter overrides this.
2704 L<Module::Build> is a pure-Perl alternative to MakeMaker which does
2705 not rely on make or any other external utility. It is easier to
2706 extend to suit your needs.
2708 L<Module::Install> is a wrapper around MakeMaker which adds features
2709 not normally available.
2711 L<ExtUtils::ModuleMaker> and L<Module::Starter> are both modules to
2712 help you setup your distribution.
2716 Andy Dougherty C<doughera@lafayette.edu>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
2717 C<andreas.koenig@mind.de>, Tim Bunce C<timb@cpan.org>. VMS
2718 support by Charles Bailey C<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>. OS/2 support
2719 by Ilya Zakharevich C<ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>.
2721 Currently maintained by Michael G Schwern C<schwern@pobox.com>
2723 Send patches and ideas to C<makemaker@perl.org>.
2725 Send bug reports via http://rt.cpan.org/. Please send your
2726 generated Makefile along with your report.
2728 For more up-to-date information, see L<http://www.makemaker.org>.
2732 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2733 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2735 See L<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>