3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strnEQ(GvNAME(gv), "ISA", 3))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
397 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
398 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
400 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
408 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
413 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
416 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
417 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
418 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
419 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
420 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
421 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
422 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
424 if (CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
425 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
426 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
427 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
429 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
437 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
438 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
439 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
441 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
442 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
443 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
444 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
445 from a reference to CV. */
446 if (exported_constant)
447 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
448 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
453 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
454 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
455 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
461 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
475 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
483 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
484 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
491 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
494 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
495 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
497 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
498 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
499 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
501 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
502 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
503 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
504 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
509 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
510 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
511 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
512 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
513 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
514 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
515 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
516 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
517 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
518 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
519 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
520 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
521 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
522 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
523 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
524 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
525 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
526 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
527 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
528 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
529 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
530 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
533 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
534 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
539 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
544 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
549 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
550 oldparser = PL_parser;
551 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
552 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
553 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
555 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
559 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
561 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
565 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
568 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
570 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
571 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
572 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
573 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
574 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
575 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
576 it this order as we need an op number before calling
578 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
580 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
586 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
587 compiling after a syntax error */
588 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
589 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
594 : newSVpvn(name,len),
599 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
600 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
601 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
602 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
605 PL_parser = oldparser;
606 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
607 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
610 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
612 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
614 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
621 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
623 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
625 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
627 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
628 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
634 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
638 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
639 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
640 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
641 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
642 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
643 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
647 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
649 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
650 instead of a string/length pair.
656 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
659 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
663 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
665 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
666 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
667 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
669 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
670 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
671 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
672 up caching info for this glob.
674 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
676 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
680 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
681 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
682 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
683 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
688 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
690 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
691 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
698 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
699 GV* candidate = NULL;
703 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
706 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
708 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
710 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
711 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
717 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
719 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
722 assert(name || meth);
724 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
725 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
726 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
728 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
730 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
731 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
732 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
733 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
735 else cachestash = stash;
737 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
739 cachestash, meth, name, len, (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
741 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
748 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
751 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
752 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
754 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
755 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
756 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
760 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
761 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
762 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
767 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
768 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
771 else if (stash == cachestash
772 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
773 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
774 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
778 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
779 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
780 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
782 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
784 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
787 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
788 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
790 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
796 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
798 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
799 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
800 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
802 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
808 else candidate = *gvp;
811 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
812 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
813 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
815 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
816 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
817 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
819 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
820 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
821 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
822 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
823 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
824 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
830 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
831 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
832 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
835 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
836 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
837 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
838 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
839 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
840 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
841 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
847 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
848 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
849 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
856 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
858 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
859 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
863 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
865 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
868 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
870 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
871 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
877 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
882 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
885 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
889 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
891 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
892 instead of a string/length pair.
898 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
900 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
901 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
905 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
907 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
908 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
910 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
911 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
912 of the result may be zero.
914 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
920 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
922 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
931 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
932 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
934 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
937 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
939 /* Have an autoload */
940 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
941 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
942 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
943 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
952 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
954 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
955 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
956 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
959 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
960 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
961 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
962 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
963 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
965 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
966 as a prefix of the method name. Note
967 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
968 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
969 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
970 created as a side effect to do this.
972 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
973 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
974 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
980 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
984 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
988 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
993 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
996 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1000 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1002 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1003 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1006 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
1009 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1011 const char * const origname = name;
1012 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1013 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1016 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1017 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1018 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1019 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1021 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1023 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1026 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1027 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1028 the error reporting code. */
1032 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1033 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1036 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1037 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1038 * if none was found.
1040 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1043 const char *name_cursor = name;
1044 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1045 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1046 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1047 last_separator = name_cursor;
1048 name = name_cursor + 1;
1050 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1051 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1052 name = name_cursor + 1;
1057 /* did we find a separator? */
1058 if (last_separator) {
1059 if ((last_separator - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
1060 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1061 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1063 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1064 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1066 else if ((last_separator - origname) >= 7 &&
1067 strnEQ(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER", 7)) {
1068 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1069 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, last_separator - origname - 7, is_utf8);
1070 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1073 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1074 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, last_separator - origname, is_utf8);
1079 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1081 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1082 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1083 import/unimport subroutine */
1084 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1085 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1087 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1088 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1090 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1091 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1094 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1095 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1096 * require it first instead of croaking */
1097 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1098 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1099 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1100 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1101 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1103 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1104 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1109 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1110 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1111 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1112 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1117 if (last_separator) {
1118 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1119 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1121 packnamesv = error_report;
1125 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1126 "\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1127 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1128 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1129 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1133 else if (autoload) {
1134 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1135 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1139 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1143 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1146 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1147 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1148 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1149 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1159 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1163 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1164 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1167 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1171 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1174 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1178 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1185 SV *packname = NULL;
1186 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1188 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1190 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1193 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1194 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1195 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1196 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1197 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1201 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1202 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1204 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1205 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1209 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1213 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1216 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1217 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1219 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1220 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf
1221 "::%"UTF8f"() is deprecated",
1223 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1226 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1227 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1228 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1230 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1231 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1232 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1233 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1234 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1237 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1238 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1239 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1240 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1241 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1242 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1243 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1245 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1246 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1248 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1249 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1250 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1252 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1255 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1256 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1257 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1259 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1261 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1262 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1264 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1265 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1269 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1273 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1279 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1280 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1281 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1282 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1284 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1285 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1289 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1290 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1291 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1295 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1296 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1297 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1298 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1299 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1300 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1301 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1304 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1312 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1313 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1314 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1315 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1317 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1318 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1319 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1320 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1321 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1322 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1325 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1326 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1328 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1330 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1332 /* If it is not tied */
1333 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1335 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1343 #define HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC (GV **)hv_fetch(stash, "_tie_it", 7, 0)
1345 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1346 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1347 || !(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1349 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1350 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1353 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1354 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1355 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1357 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1358 type, varname, name);
1359 else if (!(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1360 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1361 type, varname, name);
1363 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1364 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp); assert(GvCV(*gvp));
1368 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1374 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1376 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1377 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1383 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1385 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1386 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1390 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1392 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1393 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1394 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1395 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1396 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1399 Flags may be one of:
1408 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1410 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1411 recommended for performance reasons.
1417 gv_stashpvn_internal
1419 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1420 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1424 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1425 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1431 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1433 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1435 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1438 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1439 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1440 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1441 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1442 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1443 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1445 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1447 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1448 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1450 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1451 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1453 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1454 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1455 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1456 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1457 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1463 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1465 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1466 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1468 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1470 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1472 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1476 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1477 assert(namesv || name)
1479 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1480 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1487 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1488 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1489 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1492 if (he) return INT2PTR(HV*,SvIVX(HeVAL(he)));
1493 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1496 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1498 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1500 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1502 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1505 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1507 if (stash && namelen) {
1508 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1509 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1510 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1517 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1519 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1520 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1524 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1526 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1529 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1536 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1538 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1539 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1544 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1545 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1546 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1550 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1552 const char * const nambeg =
1553 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1554 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1555 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1558 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1559 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1563 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1567 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1571 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1572 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1574 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1575 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1577 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1578 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1579 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1580 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1582 const char *name_cursor;
1583 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1584 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1586 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1588 if (full_len > 2 && **name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(*name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1589 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1593 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1594 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1595 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1596 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1599 *stash = PL_defstash;
1600 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1603 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1604 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1607 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1613 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1614 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1615 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1616 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1619 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1620 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1621 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1622 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1623 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1629 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1632 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1633 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1634 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1635 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1636 && strnEQ(*name, "CORE", 4))
1637 hv_name_set(*stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1640 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1642 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1643 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1644 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1645 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1648 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1649 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1652 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1654 *name = name_cursor+1;
1655 if (*name == name_end) {
1657 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1662 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1666 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1667 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1668 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1670 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1672 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1673 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) ) {
1674 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1675 * like INC or STDOUT.
1683 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1684 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1685 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1689 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1694 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1695 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1699 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1700 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1701 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1705 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1706 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1712 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1720 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1721 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1722 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1724 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1725 * which might happen during global destruction.
1727 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1728 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1729 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1730 const svtype sv_type)
1732 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1734 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1736 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1737 *stash = PL_defstash;
1740 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1741 *stash = PL_curstash;
1742 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1743 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1744 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1745 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1746 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1747 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1748 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1750 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1751 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1752 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1756 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1757 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1758 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1760 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1762 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1763 "Variable \"%c%"UTF8f"\" is not imported",
1764 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1765 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1766 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1769 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1770 "\t(Did you mean &%"UTF8f" instead?)\n",
1771 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1778 /* Use the current op's stash */
1779 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1784 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1786 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1787 "Global symbol \"%s%"UTF8f
1788 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1789 "declare \"my %s%"UTF8f"\"?)",
1790 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1791 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1792 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1793 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1794 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1795 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1796 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1797 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1798 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1799 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1800 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1801 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1803 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1805 /* symbol table under destruction */
1814 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1820 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1821 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1823 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1824 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1826 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1828 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1829 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1830 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1833 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1834 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1836 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1837 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1838 const svtype sv_type)
1842 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1844 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1845 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1846 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1847 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1849 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1852 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1856 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1857 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1860 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1864 if (stash == PL_debstash && len==4 && strEQ(name2,"rgs")) {
1865 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1869 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1878 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1879 /* Avoid null warning: */
1880 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1881 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4))
1882 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1889 /* Nothing else to do.
1890 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1891 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1892 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1893 platforms, we can't just do:
1894 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1895 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1896 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1897 would make them larger than 'V')
1902 const char * name2 = name + 1;
1905 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1906 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1908 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1913 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1917 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1918 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1922 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1925 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1926 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1927 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1928 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1930 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1931 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1932 use didn't clean up fully because
1933 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1934 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1935 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1936 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1937 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1938 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1939 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1940 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1944 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1945 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1946 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1948 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1953 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1956 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1957 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1960 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1961 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1964 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1965 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1968 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
1969 if (strEQ(name2, "AST_FH"))
1972 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1973 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH")) {
1974 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
1978 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1979 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1982 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1983 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH")) {
1984 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
1987 if (strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH")) {
1988 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
1992 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1993 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1996 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1997 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1999 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
2001 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
2004 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2005 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
2008 else if (strEQ(name2, "IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2022 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2025 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2027 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2028 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2034 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2035 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2038 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2041 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2044 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2046 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2048 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2049 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2050 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2051 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2053 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2057 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2058 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2071 paren = *name - '0';
2074 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2075 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2076 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2080 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2084 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2085 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2091 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2093 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2095 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
2096 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2097 require_tie_mod(gv, '!', "Errno", 5, 1);
2102 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2104 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2105 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
2107 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2108 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2110 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2113 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2114 require_tie_mod(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",23,0);
2120 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2121 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2122 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2123 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2125 case '\010': /* $^H */
2127 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2128 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2132 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2133 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2134 require_tie_mod(gv,'[',"arybase",7,0);
2136 else goto magicalize;
2138 case '\023': /* $^S */
2140 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2156 case '\001': /* $^A */
2157 case '\003': /* $^C */
2158 case '\004': /* $^D */
2159 case '\005': /* $^E */
2160 case '\006': /* $^F */
2161 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2162 case '\016': /* $^N */
2163 case '\017': /* $^O */
2164 case '\020': /* $^P */
2165 case '\024': /* $^T */
2166 case '\027': /* $^W */
2168 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2171 case '\014': /* $^L */
2172 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2175 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2179 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2180 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2181 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2182 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2183 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2187 case '\026': /* $^V */
2189 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2190 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2191 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2197 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2203 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2204 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2206 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2211 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2212 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2213 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2215 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2216 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2217 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2218 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2221 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2222 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2224 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2226 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2228 require_tie_mod(gv, '!', "Errno", 5, 1);
2229 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2230 require_tie_mod(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 23, 0);
2231 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2232 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2233 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2234 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2236 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2239 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2242 require_tie_mod(gv,'[',"arybase",7,0);
2244 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2246 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2250 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2254 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2263 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2264 const svtype sv_type)
2266 const char *name = nambeg;
2271 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2272 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2273 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2274 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2275 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2276 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2279 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2281 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2282 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2283 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2284 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2286 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2289 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2290 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2296 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2300 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2301 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2302 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2303 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2306 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2307 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2310 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2311 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2312 * anything else with it before that.
2315 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2316 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2317 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2318 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2319 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2320 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2321 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2324 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2325 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2326 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2327 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2328 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2329 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2330 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2332 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2333 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
2334 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2335 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2338 } else if (no_init) {
2342 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2343 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2344 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2345 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2348 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2353 /* Adding a new symbol.
2354 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2355 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2357 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2358 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2360 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2362 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2363 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2364 "Had to create %"UTF8f" unexpectedly",
2365 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2366 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2368 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2371 /* set up magic where warranted */
2372 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2375 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2376 * stored in the symtab.
2377 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2378 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2380 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2384 /* The temporary GV created above */
2385 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2389 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2394 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2397 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2399 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2401 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2403 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2404 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2405 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2406 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2410 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2411 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2415 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2417 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2419 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2421 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2425 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2426 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2430 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2434 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2439 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2441 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2443 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2444 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2445 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2448 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2449 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2451 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2452 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2454 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2456 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2458 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2460 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2461 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2463 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2464 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2467 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2469 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2471 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2472 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2474 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2475 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2476 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2477 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2478 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2481 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2486 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2488 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2489 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2491 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"UTF8f"::_GEN_%ld",
2492 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2497 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2500 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2507 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2508 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2509 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2510 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2519 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2524 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2526 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2527 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2528 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2529 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2532 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2534 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2542 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2544 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2545 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2546 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2547 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2548 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2549 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2550 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2552 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2561 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2565 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2566 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2567 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2568 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2569 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2570 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2571 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%"HEKf"'\n",
2572 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2573 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2577 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2578 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2579 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2580 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2581 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2582 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2583 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2584 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2585 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2586 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2591 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2594 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2600 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2602 if (--attempts == 0) {
2604 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2605 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2610 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2611 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2617 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2619 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2620 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2622 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2624 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2626 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2627 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2629 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2630 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2637 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2639 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2640 * 0 if there is no overload
2641 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2645 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2647 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2649 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2652 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2654 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2656 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2657 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2658 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2660 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2663 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2666 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2667 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2673 bool deref_seen = 0;
2676 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2678 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2679 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2680 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2685 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2688 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2690 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2693 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2694 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2695 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2696 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2697 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2698 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2705 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2706 /* initially assume the worst */
2707 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2709 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2710 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2711 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2712 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2713 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2715 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2716 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2717 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2718 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2719 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2720 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2721 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2722 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2723 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2724 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2726 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2727 const HEK * const gvhek =
2728 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2729 const HEK * const stashek =
2730 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2731 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2732 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2733 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2734 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2735 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2736 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2738 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2740 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2741 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2742 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2743 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2744 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2746 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2751 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2753 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2754 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2755 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2756 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2757 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2758 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2766 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2768 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2769 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2770 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2772 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2773 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2776 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2792 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2793 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2794 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2795 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2798 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2799 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2800 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2804 /* Here we have no table: */
2806 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2807 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2808 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2814 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2819 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2821 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2824 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2825 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2827 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2830 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2832 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2835 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2836 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2838 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2839 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2840 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2841 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2842 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2843 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2844 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2845 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2857 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2858 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2860 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2862 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2866 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2869 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2873 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2874 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2875 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2877 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2882 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2883 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2893 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2899 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2900 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2903 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2905 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2906 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2910 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2912 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2913 SV* const right = TOPs;
2919 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2920 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2921 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2922 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2924 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2931 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2932 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2942 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2943 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2945 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2948 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2949 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2951 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2954 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2956 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2958 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2964 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2968 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2972 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
2973 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
2974 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2975 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
2978 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2979 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2981 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2982 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2983 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2990 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2994 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
2996 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2998 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3000 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3001 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3003 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3004 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3005 * masked by overloading.pm */
3007 const int offset = method / 8;
3008 const int bit = method % 8;
3009 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3011 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3012 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3019 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3024 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3025 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3026 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3027 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3028 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3029 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3030 int use_default_op = 0;
3031 int force_scalar = 0;
3037 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3039 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3040 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3043 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3044 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3045 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3046 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3047 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3049 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3050 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3056 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3057 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3059 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3062 /* look for substituted methods */
3063 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3067 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3068 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3069 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3074 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3075 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3076 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3080 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3083 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3086 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3089 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3090 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3091 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3098 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3101 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3102 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3104 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3105 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3107 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3108 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3109 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3110 delegate to the stash. */
3111 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3117 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3118 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3119 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3121 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3122 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3123 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3125 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3126 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3127 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3130 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3141 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3143 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3148 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3149 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3152 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3160 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3165 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3166 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3167 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3168 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3169 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3170 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3172 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3175 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3176 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3177 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3178 /* We look for substitution for
3179 * comparison operations and
3181 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3182 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3183 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3205 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3209 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3219 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3227 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3229 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3230 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3231 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3232 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3233 } else if ((use_default_op =
3234 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3235 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3237 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3241 if (off==-1) off=method;
3242 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3243 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
3244 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3245 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3247 "in overloaded package ":
3248 "has no overloaded magic",
3250 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3253 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3256 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3258 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3259 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3260 if (use_default_op) {
3261 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3263 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3267 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3272 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3273 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3274 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3275 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3281 if (off == subtr_amg)
3284 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3285 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3286 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3287 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3307 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3311 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3312 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3313 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3321 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3322 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3323 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3333 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3334 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
3336 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3338 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3339 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3340 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3341 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3342 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3343 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3344 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3345 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3348 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3349 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3350 * version of copy operator
3352 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3353 * a) Assignment form was called.
3354 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3355 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3356 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3357 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3358 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3360 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3361 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3363 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3364 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3367 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3368 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3370 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3371 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3374 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3375 * information by hand */
3376 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3378 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3379 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3381 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3389 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3391 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3394 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3395 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3396 myop.op_next = NULL;
3397 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3401 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3404 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3405 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3410 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3414 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3417 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3418 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3419 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3420 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3422 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3423 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3424 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3425 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3427 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3428 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3430 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3431 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3432 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3434 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3438 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3442 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3446 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3447 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3450 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3453 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3454 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3455 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3457 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3469 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3476 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3479 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3482 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3485 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3488 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3491 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3494 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3496 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3501 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3503 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3505 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3513 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3518 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3521 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
3523 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3524 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3527 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3528 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3532 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3534 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3535 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3536 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3537 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3538 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3539 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3540 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3542 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3544 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3545 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3546 more compactly represents the same thing.
3552 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3558 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3560 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3562 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3564 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3565 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3566 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3567 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3568 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3569 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3571 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3573 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3575 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3576 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3578 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3579 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3585 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3586 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3587 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3588 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3589 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3590 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3591 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3592 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3593 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3595 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3596 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3600 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3602 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3603 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3604 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3605 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3610 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3612 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3614 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3615 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3616 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3617 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3618 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3619 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3620 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3623 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3629 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3632 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3637 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: