3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2000, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
24 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
26 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
27 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
34 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
36 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
37 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
44 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
46 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
47 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
54 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
64 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
65 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
68 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
71 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
72 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
74 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
75 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
77 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, 'L');
79 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
85 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
88 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
89 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
91 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
100 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
101 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
102 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
103 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
104 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
107 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, '*', Nullch, 0);
108 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
109 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
111 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
113 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
116 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
117 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
118 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
123 CvFILE(GvCV(gv)) = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
124 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
126 CvOWNER(GvCV(gv)) = 0;
127 if (!CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv))) {
128 New(666, CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)), 1, perl_mutex);
129 MUTEX_INIT(CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)));
131 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
133 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
140 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
156 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
158 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
159 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
160 accessible via @ISA and @UNIVERSAL.
162 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
163 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
164 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
165 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
167 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
168 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
169 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
170 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
171 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
177 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
187 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
188 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
189 name, HvNAME(stash));
191 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
193 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
198 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
199 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
200 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
201 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
202 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
204 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
206 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
209 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
210 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
213 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
214 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
216 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
217 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
218 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
219 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
221 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
225 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
226 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
227 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
228 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
229 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
230 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
231 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
232 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
233 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
234 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
240 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
241 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
242 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
245 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
247 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
248 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC, "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA",
249 SvPVX(sv), HvNAME(stash));
252 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
253 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
259 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
261 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
264 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
265 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
266 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
270 * Cache method in topgv if:
271 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
272 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
275 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
277 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
279 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
281 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
282 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
286 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
287 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
288 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
297 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
299 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
305 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
307 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
311 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
313 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
314 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
315 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
318 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
319 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
320 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
321 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
322 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
324 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
325 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
326 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
327 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
328 created via a side effect to do this.
330 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
331 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
332 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
333 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
339 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
341 register const char *nend;
342 const char *nsplit = 0;
345 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
348 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
352 const char *origname = name;
356 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
357 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
358 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
359 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
360 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
361 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
362 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
365 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
368 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
370 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
371 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
373 gv = gv_autoload4(stash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
377 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
385 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
388 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
389 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
399 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
401 static char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
402 static STRLEN autolen = 8;
409 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
411 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
419 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
421 if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED) && !method &&
422 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
423 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED,
424 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
425 HvNAME(stash), (int)len, name);
428 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
429 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
430 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
431 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
433 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
434 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
438 sv_lock((SV *)varstash);
441 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
447 sv_setpv(varsv, HvNAME(stash));
448 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
449 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
450 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
455 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
457 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
458 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
459 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
460 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
466 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
468 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
472 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
479 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
482 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
483 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
484 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
485 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
486 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
487 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
488 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
493 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
496 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
501 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
503 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
504 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
510 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
515 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
520 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
522 register const char *name = nambeg;
526 register const char *namend;
529 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
532 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
533 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
534 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
538 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
546 if (len + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
549 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
550 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
554 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
555 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
556 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
557 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
558 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
562 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
564 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
567 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
568 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
571 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
579 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
586 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
589 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
592 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
593 if (*name == 'S' && (
594 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
595 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
596 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
597 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
599 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
601 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
603 else if (*name == 'A' && (
604 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
605 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
608 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
613 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
615 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
616 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
617 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
618 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
619 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
620 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
622 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
624 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
625 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
629 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
630 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
631 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
633 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
634 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
635 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
638 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
644 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
650 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
654 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
655 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
656 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
657 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
658 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
660 stash = PL_nullstash;
666 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
669 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
670 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
673 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
676 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
679 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
683 /* Adding a new symbol */
685 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
686 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL, "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
687 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
688 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
690 if (isLEXWARN_on && isALPHA(name[0]) && ! ckWARN(WARN_ONCE))
693 /* set up magic where warranted */
696 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
697 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
701 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
705 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
708 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, 'I', Nullch, 0);
709 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
710 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
711 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
714 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
715 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
716 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
717 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
718 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
719 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
720 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
721 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
722 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
723 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
728 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
731 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, 'A');
735 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
739 int sig_num[] = { SIG_NUM };
740 New(73, PL_psig_ptr, sizeof(sig_num)/sizeof(*sig_num), SV*);
741 New(73, PL_psig_name, sizeof(sig_num)/sizeof(*sig_num), SV*);
745 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, 'S');
746 for (i = 1; PL_sig_name[i]; i++) {
748 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
750 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
757 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
764 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
770 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
776 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
782 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
788 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
789 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
796 if (sv_type > SVt_PV && PL_curcop != &PL_compiling) {
797 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
798 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
801 require_pv("Errno.pm");
803 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
804 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
805 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
814 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, 'D', Nullch, 0);
820 if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
821 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED, "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
836 case '\001': /* $^A */
837 case '\003': /* $^C */
838 case '\004': /* $^D */
839 case '\005': /* $^E */
840 case '\006': /* $^F */
841 case '\010': /* $^H */
842 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
843 case '\017': /* $^O */
844 case '\020': /* $^P */
845 case '\024': /* $^T */
852 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
854 case '\023': /* $^S */
858 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
859 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
860 && strNE(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS"))
869 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, 'D', Nullch, 0);
883 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
885 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, 0, name, len);
888 case '\014': /* $^L */
891 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
892 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
897 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
902 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
903 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
904 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
910 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
911 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
916 case '\026': /* $^V */
919 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
928 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
930 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
935 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
936 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
937 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
938 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
940 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
944 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
946 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
951 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
952 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
953 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
954 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
958 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
963 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
967 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
972 gv_fullname3(sv, egv, prefix);
975 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
977 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
979 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
982 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
984 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
986 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
995 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
996 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
999 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1000 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1001 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1002 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1003 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1008 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1015 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1017 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1018 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1019 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1020 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)) && HvNAME(hv))
1022 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1023 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1025 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1027 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1028 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1031 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1032 * module, don't bother warning */
1034 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1035 && (instr(file, "/lib/") || instr(file, ".pm")))
1039 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1041 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1043 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1045 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_ONCE,
1046 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1047 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1054 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1056 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1060 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1063 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1070 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1071 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1076 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1077 PL_sub_generation++;
1084 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1088 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1090 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1091 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1092 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL,
1093 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1097 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1098 PL_sub_generation++;
1100 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1101 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1106 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1107 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1108 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1109 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1110 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1111 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1117 #if defined(CRIPPLED_CC) && (defined(iAPX286) || defined(M_I286) || defined(I80286))
1121 #ifdef MICROPORT /* Microport 2.4 hack */
1125 if (GvGP(gv)->gp_av)
1126 return GvGP(gv)->gp_av;
1128 return GvGP(gv_AVadd(gv))->gp_av;
1134 if (GvGP(gv)->gp_hv)
1135 return GvGP(gv)->gp_hv;
1137 return GvGP(gv_HVadd(gv))->gp_hv;
1139 #endif /* Microport 2.4 hack */
1141 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1144 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1148 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash,'c');
1149 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1152 #ifdef OVERLOAD_VIA_HASH
1157 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1158 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1159 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp);
1160 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) { /* Have table. */
1162 for (i=1; i<NofAMmeth; i++) {
1163 if (amtp->table[i]) {
1164 SvREFCNT_dec(amtp->table[i]);
1168 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, 'c');
1170 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1172 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1173 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1174 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1177 #ifdef OVERLOAD_VIA_HASH
1178 gvp=(GV**)hv_fetch(stash,"OVERLOAD",8,FALSE); /* A shortcut */
1179 if (gvp && ((gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (hv = GvHV(gv)))) {
1186 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1188 if (( cp = (char *)PL_AMG_names[0] ) &&
1189 (svp = (SV**)hv_fetch(hv,cp,strlen(cp),FALSE)) && (sv = *svp)) {
1190 if (SvTRUE(sv)) amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1191 else if (SvOK(sv)) amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1193 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1195 cp = (char *)PL_AMG_names[i];
1197 svp = (SV**)hv_fetch(hv, cp, strlen(cp), FALSE);
1198 if (svp && ((sv = *svp) != &PL_sv_undef)) {
1199 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1202 if (!SvOK(sv)) break;
1203 gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, SvPV(sv, n_a));
1204 if (gv) cv = GvCV(gv);
1208 if (SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV)
1213 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Not a subroutine reference in overload table");
1219 if (!(cv = GvCVu((GV*)sv)))
1220 cv = sv_2cv(sv, &stash, &gv, FALSE);
1225 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Method for operation %s not found in package %.256s during blessing\n",
1237 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1239 if ((cp = PL_AMG_names[0])) {
1240 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1241 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, "()", 2, -1); /* A cookie: "()". */
1247 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1248 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1250 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1253 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1254 SV *cookie = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "(%s", cp = PL_AMG_names[i]));
1255 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1256 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1257 /* don't fill the cache while looking up! */
1258 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, SvPVX(cookie), SvCUR(cookie), -1);
1260 if(gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1261 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1262 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1263 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1266 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256s' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1267 SvPV(GvSV(gv), n_a), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1268 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1269 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1272 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1274 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Stub found while resolving method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1275 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1278 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't resolve method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1279 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1282 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1284 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1285 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1286 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1290 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1293 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1294 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, 'c', (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1298 /* Here we have no table: */
1300 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1301 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, 'c', (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1306 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1310 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1312 int fl=0, off, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1313 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1315 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1316 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)(stash=SvSTASH(SvRV(left))),'c'))
1317 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1318 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1320 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1321 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1323 (fl = 1, cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1324 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1326 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1329 /* look for substituted methods */
1330 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1334 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1335 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1336 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1341 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1342 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1343 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1347 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1350 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1353 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1356 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1357 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1358 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1364 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1367 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1368 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1370 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1371 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1373 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1374 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1375 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1381 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1382 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1383 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1385 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1386 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1387 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1389 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1390 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1391 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1394 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1405 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1407 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1411 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1413 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1421 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1426 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1427 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1428 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)(stash=SvSTASH(SvRV(right))),'c'))
1429 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1430 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1432 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1435 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1436 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1437 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1438 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1439 /* We look for substitution for
1440 * comparison operations and
1442 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1443 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1444 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1454 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1461 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1463 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1468 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1476 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1479 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1480 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1481 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1482 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1485 if (off==-1) off=method;
1486 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1487 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1488 PL_AMG_names[method + assignshift],
1489 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1491 "in overloaded package ":
1492 "has no overloaded magic",
1494 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1497 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1500 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1502 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1504 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1505 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1507 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1511 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1515 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_
1516 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1518 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1520 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1521 PL_AMG_names[method+assignshift],
1522 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1523 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1524 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1525 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1527 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1529 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1530 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1531 * version of copy operator
1533 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1534 * a) Assignment form was called.
1535 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1536 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1537 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1538 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1539 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1541 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1542 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1544 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1545 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1548 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1549 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1551 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1552 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1559 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1562 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1563 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1564 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1565 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1567 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1570 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1571 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1572 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1576 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1577 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1578 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1579 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1581 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv((char *)PL_AMG_names[method + assignshift],0)));
1586 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1594 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1601 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1604 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1607 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1610 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1613 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1616 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1619 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1621 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1624 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1626 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1628 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1636 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1638 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1640 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1641 created even in rvalue contexts.
1643 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1644 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1649 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1656 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1660 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1664 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1667 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1669 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1670 || (len == 17 && strEQ(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS")))
1702 case '\001': /* $^A */
1703 case '\003': /* $^C */
1704 case '\004': /* $^D */
1705 case '\005': /* $^E */
1706 case '\006': /* $^F */
1707 case '\010': /* $^H */
1708 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1709 case '\014': /* $^L */
1710 case '\017': /* $^O */
1711 case '\020': /* $^P */
1712 case '\023': /* $^S */
1713 case '\024': /* $^T */
1714 case '\026': /* $^V */
1728 char *end = name + len;
1729 while (--end > name) {