2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2004/10/05
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
833 2004/10/11 05:06:29 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.29 $,
882 $Date: 2004/10/25 18:37:23 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.41 $, $Date: 2004/11/03
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Eclipse, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual
967 Perl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and
971 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
973 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
975 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
977 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
979 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
981 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
983 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
985 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
986 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
988 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
990 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
992 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
994 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
996 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
998 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
1000 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1002 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1004 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1006 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1008 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1010 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1012 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1013 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1015 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1017 =item What's MakeMaker?
1021 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1025 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.56 $, $Date: 2004/11/03
1036 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1037 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1039 =item Why is int() broken?
1041 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1043 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1046 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1048 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1049 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1050 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1051 from decimal to binary
1053 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1055 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1057 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1059 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1061 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1063 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1071 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1073 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1075 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1077 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1079 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1081 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1083 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1091 =item How do I validate input?
1093 =item How do I unescape a string?
1095 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1097 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1099 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1101 =item How do I reverse a string?
1103 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1105 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1107 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1109 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1111 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1114 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1116 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1119 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1121 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1123 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1125 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1127 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1129 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1131 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1133 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1134 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1143 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1145 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1147 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1151 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1154 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1155 intersection of two arrays?
1157 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1159 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1161 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1163 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1165 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1167 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1169 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1171 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1173 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1175 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1177 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1181 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1185 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1187 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1190 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1192 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1194 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1196 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1198 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1200 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1202 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1204 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1206 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1208 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1210 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1213 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1214 array of hashes or arrays?
1216 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1224 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1226 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1228 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1230 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1232 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1234 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1236 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1240 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1244 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.31 $, $Date: 2004/02/07
1253 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1255 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1256 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1258 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1260 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1262 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1264 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1266 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1267 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1269 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1271 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1273 =item How can I write() into a string?
1275 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1277 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1279 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1281 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1284 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1286 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1288 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1290 =item How can I lock a file?
1292 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1294 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1295 the file. How can I do this?
1297 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1298 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1300 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1302 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1304 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1306 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1308 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1310 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1312 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1314 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1316 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1318 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1320 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1322 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1323 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1325 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1327 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1328 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1330 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1332 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1336 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1340 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 2004/11/03
1349 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1350 and unmaintainable code?
1352 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1354 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1356 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1359 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1361 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1364 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1366 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1368 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1370 =item What is C</o> really for?
1372 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1375 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1377 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1379 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1381 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1383 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1385 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1387 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1389 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1391 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1393 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1395 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1397 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1399 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1403 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1407 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
1408 2004/11/03 22:54:08 $)
1416 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1418 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1421 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1424 =item How do I skip some return values?
1426 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1428 =item What's an extension?
1430 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1432 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1434 =item How do I create a module?
1436 =item How do I create a class?
1438 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1440 =item What's a closure?
1442 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1444 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1447 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1450 =item How do I create a static variable?
1452 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1453 Between local() and my()?
1455 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1458 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1460 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1462 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1464 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1466 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1468 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1471 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1473 =item How can I find out my current package?
1475 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1477 =item How do I clear a package?
1479 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1481 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1485 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1489 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2004/10/05
1498 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1500 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1502 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1504 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1506 =item How do I print something out in color?
1508 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1510 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1512 =item How do I clear the screen?
1514 =item How do I get the screen size?
1516 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1518 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1520 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1522 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1524 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1526 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1528 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1530 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1532 =item How do I set the time and date?
1534 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1536 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1538 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1540 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1541 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1543 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1545 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1547 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1549 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1551 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1553 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1555 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1557 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1559 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1561 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1564 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1566 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1568 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1570 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1573 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1574 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1575 changes to be visible?
1579 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1582 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1584 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1586 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1588 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1590 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1592 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1594 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1596 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1598 =item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
1600 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1602 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1604 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1606 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1609 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1611 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1615 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1619 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 2004/10/30 12:20:59
1628 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1630 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1633 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1635 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1637 =item How do I extract URLs?
1639 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1640 file on another machine?
1642 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1644 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1646 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1648 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1650 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1652 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1654 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1656 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1657 CGI script to do bad things?
1659 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1661 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1663 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1665 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1667 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1669 =item How do I send mail?
1671 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1673 =item How do I read mail?
1675 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1677 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1679 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1681 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1685 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1689 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1701 =item Simple Statements
1703 =item Truth and Falsehood
1705 =item Statement Modifiers
1707 =item Compound Statements
1715 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1719 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1721 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1727 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1735 =item Variable names
1741 =item Scalar value constructors
1743 =item List value constructors
1749 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1757 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1765 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1767 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1769 =item The Arrow Operator
1771 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1773 =item Exponentiation
1775 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1777 =item Binding Operators
1779 =item Multiplicative Operators
1781 =item Additive Operators
1783 =item Shift Operators
1785 =item Named Unary Operators
1787 =item Relational Operators
1789 =item Equality Operators
1793 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1795 =item C-style Logical And
1797 =item C-style Logical Or
1799 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1801 =item Range Operators
1803 =item Conditional Operator
1805 =item Assignment Operators
1807 =item Comma Operator
1809 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1815 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1817 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1819 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1821 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1823 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1825 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1826 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1827 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1828 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1830 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1832 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1833 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1834 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1835 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1840 =item Constant Folding
1844 =item Bitwise String Operators
1846 =item Integer Arithmetic
1848 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1850 =item Bigger Numbers
1856 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1866 =item Private Variables via my()
1868 =item Persistent Private Variables
1870 =item Temporary Values via local()
1872 =item Lvalue subroutines
1874 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1876 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1878 =item When to Still Use local()
1880 =item Pass by Reference
1884 =item Constant Functions
1886 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1890 =item Subroutine Attributes
1898 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1906 =item Perl Functions by Category
1908 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1909 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1910 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1911 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1912 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1913 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1914 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1915 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1916 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1917 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1922 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1924 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1925 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1926 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1927 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1928 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1929 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1930 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1931 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1932 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1933 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1934 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1935 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1936 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1937 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1938 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1939 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1940 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1941 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1942 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1943 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1944 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1945 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1946 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1947 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1948 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1949 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1950 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1951 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1952 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1953 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1954 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1955 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1956 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1957 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1958 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1959 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1960 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1961 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1962 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1963 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1964 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1965 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1966 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1967 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1968 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1969 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1970 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1971 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1972 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1973 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1974 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1975 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1976 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1977 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1978 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1979 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1980 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1981 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1982 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1983 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1984 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1985 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1986 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1987 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1988 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1989 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1990 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1991 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1992 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1993 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1994 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1995 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1996 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1997 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1998 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1999 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2005 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2011 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2017 =item Indirect Filehandles
2021 =item The Minus File
2023 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2029 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2033 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2037 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2041 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2043 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2045 =item Paths as Opens
2047 =item Single Argument Open
2049 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2053 =item Other I/O Issues
2057 =item Opening Non-File Files
2059 =item Opening Named Pipes
2061 =item Opening Sockets
2073 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2079 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2085 =item The Basic Principle
2089 =item Packing Numbers
2095 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2097 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2099 =item Byte-order modifiers
2101 =item Floating point Numbers
2105 =item Exotic Templates
2117 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2121 =item Template Grouping
2123 =item Lengths and Widths
2127 =item String Lengths
2129 =item Dynamic Templates
2131 =item Counting Repetitions
2135 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2139 =item The Alignment Pit
2141 =item Dealing with Endian-ness
2143 =item Alignment, Take 2
2145 =item Alignment, Take 3
2147 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2153 =item Funnies Section
2159 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2167 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2169 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2171 =item Command Paragraph
2173 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2174 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2175 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2176 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2179 =item Formatting Codes
2181 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2182 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2183 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2184 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2185 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2186 (zero-effect) formatting code
2190 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2192 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2202 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2209 =item Pod Definitions
2213 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2214 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2215 "=encoding encodingname"
2217 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2219 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2220 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2221 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2222 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2223 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2224 contains non-breaking spaces
2226 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2228 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2230 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2232 =item About =over...=back Regions
2234 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2242 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2252 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2254 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2256 =item Location of Perl
2258 =item Command Switches
2260 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2261 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-dt>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
2262 B<-dt:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e>
2263 I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>],
2264 B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>], B<-m>[B<->]I<module>,
2265 B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2266 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2267 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2268 B<-X>, B<-x>, B<-x> I<directory>
2274 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2275 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2276 PERL5DB, PERL5DB_THREADED, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port),
2277 PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2278 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2279 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2280 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2284 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2292 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2300 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2302 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2304 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2308 =item Backward Compatibility
2310 =item Category Hierarchy
2312 =item Fatal Warnings
2314 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2326 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2332 =item The Perl Debugger
2336 =item Debugger Commands
2338 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2339 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2340 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2341 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2342 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2343 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2344 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2345 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2346 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2347 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2350 =item Configurable Options
2352 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2353 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2354 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2355 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2356 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2357 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2360 =item Debugger input/output
2362 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2365 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2367 =item Debugger Customization
2369 =item Readline Support
2371 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2373 =item The Perl Profiler
2377 =item Debugging regular expressions
2379 =item Debugging memory usage
2387 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2395 =item Predefined Names
2397 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2398 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2399 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2400 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2401 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2402 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2403 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2404 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2405 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2406 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2407 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2408 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2409 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2410 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2411 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2412 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2413 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2414 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2415 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2416 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2417 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2418 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2419 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2420 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2421 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2422 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2423 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2424 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2425 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2426 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2429 =item Error Indicators
2431 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2439 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2449 =item Regular Expressions
2451 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2453 =item Extended Patterns
2455 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2456 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2457 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2458 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2462 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2464 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2466 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2468 =item Combining pieces together
2470 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2471 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2472 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2473 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2475 =item Creating custom RE engines
2485 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2497 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2499 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2505 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2523 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2533 =item Making References
2535 =item Using References
2537 =item Symbolic references
2539 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2541 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2543 =item Function Templates
2553 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2563 =item Numeric Fields
2565 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
2567 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
2569 =item Specifying Values
2571 =item Using Fill Mode
2573 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
2575 =item Repeating Format Lines
2577 =item Top of Form Processing
2579 =item Format Variables
2589 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2597 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2605 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2607 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2609 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2611 =item Method Invocation
2613 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2615 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2617 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2623 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2631 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2643 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2648 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2649 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2650 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2651 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2656 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2657 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2658 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2660 =item Tying FileHandles
2662 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2663 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2668 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2680 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2688 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2689 B<filter_fetch_value>
2695 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2697 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2707 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2708 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2718 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2726 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2728 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2729 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2733 =item Using open() for IPC
2739 =item Background Processes
2741 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2743 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2745 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2747 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2751 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2755 =item Internet Line Terminators
2757 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2759 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2763 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2767 =item A Simple Client
2769 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2771 =item A Webget Client
2773 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2777 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2779 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2781 =item UDP: Message Passing
2795 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2805 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2807 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2808 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2809 files, directories and network sockets
2811 =item Resource limits
2813 =item Killing the parent process
2815 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2817 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2819 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2820 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2821 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2833 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2841 =item Storing numbers
2843 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2845 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2847 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2848 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2849 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2858 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2866 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2868 =item Threaded Program Models
2880 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2882 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2888 =item Basic Thread Support
2890 =item A Note about the Examples
2892 =item Creating Threads
2894 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2896 =item Ignoring A Thread
2900 =item Threads And Data
2904 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2906 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2910 =item Synchronization and control
2914 =item Controlling access: lock()
2916 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2918 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2920 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2922 =item Basic semaphores
2924 =item Advanced Semaphores
2926 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2928 =item Giving up control
2932 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2936 =item What Thread Am I In?
2940 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2942 =item What Threads Are Running?
2946 =item A Complete Example
2948 =item Different implementations of threads
2950 =item Performance considerations
2952 =item Process-scope Changes
2954 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2962 =item Introductory Texts
2964 =item OS-Related References
2966 =item Other References
2970 =item Acknowledgements
2978 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2984 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2986 =item Threaded Program Models
2998 =item Native threads
3000 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
3002 =item Threadsafe Modules
3008 =item Basic Thread Support
3010 =item Creating Threads
3012 =item Giving up control
3014 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3016 =item Errors In Threads
3018 =item Ignoring A Thread
3022 =item Threads And Data
3026 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3028 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3030 =item Controlling access: lock()
3032 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3034 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3038 =item Threads And Code
3042 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3044 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3046 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3048 =item Subroutine Locks
3052 =item Locking A Subroutine
3056 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3060 =item What Thread Am I In?
3064 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3066 =item What Threads Are Running?
3070 =item A Complete Example
3078 =item Introductory Texts
3080 =item OS-Related References
3082 =item Other References
3086 =item Acknowledgements
3094 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3100 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3109 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3111 =item Files and Filesystems
3113 =item System Interaction
3115 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3119 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3121 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3123 =item Standard Modules
3127 =item Character sets and character encoding
3129 =item Internationalisation
3131 =item System Resources
3141 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3142 http://testers.cpan.org/
3150 =item DOS and Derivatives
3158 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3166 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3170 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3172 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
3173 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
3174 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl
3175 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin,
3176 getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
3177 getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
3178 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
3179 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent
3180 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
3181 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
3182 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
3183 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
3184 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
3185 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
3186 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3187 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3188 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3189 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3190 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3191 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3192 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3193 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3194 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3195 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3196 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3202 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3203 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3204 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3205 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3206 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3207 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3209 =item Supported Platforms
3213 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3217 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3224 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3230 =item The use locale pragma
3232 =item The setlocale function
3234 =item Finding locales
3236 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3238 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3240 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3242 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3244 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3246 =item The localeconv function
3248 =item I18N::Langinfo
3252 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3256 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3258 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3260 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3262 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3266 =item Other categories
3274 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3275 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3281 =item Backward compatibility
3283 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3285 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3287 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3289 =item Freely available locale definitions
3293 =item An imperfect standard
3297 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3303 =item Broken systems
3313 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3323 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3325 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3327 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3329 =item Creating Unicode
3331 =item Handling Unicode
3333 =item Legacy Encodings
3337 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3341 =item Advanced Topics
3345 =item Questions With Answers
3347 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3349 =item Further Resources
3353 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3357 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3359 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3363 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3371 =item Important Caveats
3373 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3374 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
3375 autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
3377 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3379 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3385 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3387 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3389 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3391 =item Unicode Encodings
3393 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3395 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3399 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3401 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3403 =item Using Unicode in XS
3411 =item Interaction with Locales
3413 =item Interaction with Extensions
3417 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3425 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3431 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3439 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3443 =item 13 variant characters
3451 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3453 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3455 =item Unicode and UTF
3461 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3463 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3465 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3479 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3481 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3483 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3485 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3493 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3495 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3497 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3499 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3503 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3507 =item URL decoding and encoding
3509 =item uu encoding and decoding
3511 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3513 =item Caesarian ciphers
3517 =item Hashing order and checksums
3521 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3533 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3553 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3561 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3563 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3565 =item Taint mode and @INC
3567 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3571 =item Protecting Your Programs
3575 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3583 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3595 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3601 =item Making your module threadsafe
3609 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3613 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3617 =item Pragmatic Modules
3619 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3620 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3621 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3622 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3623 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3625 =item Standard Modules
3627 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3628 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3629 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3630 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3631 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3632 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3633 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DB_File, Data::Dumper,
3634 Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
3635 Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode,
3636 Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN,
3637 Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder,
3638 Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
3639 Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
3640 Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW,
3641 Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
3642 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
3643 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
3644 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
3645 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
3646 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
3647 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3648 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3649 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3650 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3651 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3652 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3653 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3654 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3655 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3656 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3657 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3658 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3659 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3660 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3661 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3662 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3663 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3664 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3665 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3666 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3667 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3668 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3669 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3670 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3671 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3672 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3673 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3674 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3675 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3676 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3677 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3678 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3679 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3680 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3681 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3682 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3683 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3684 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3685 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3686 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3687 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3688 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3689 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3690 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3691 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3694 =item Extension Modules
3708 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3709 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3711 =item Central America
3717 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3718 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3719 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3720 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3721 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3725 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3726 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3727 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3728 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3729 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3733 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3737 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3743 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3747 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3749 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3751 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3759 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3765 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3769 =item Before you start
3777 =item Release considerations
3781 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3785 =item Has it been done before?
3787 =item Do one thing and do it well
3789 =item What's in a name?
3793 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3797 =item To OO or not to OO?
3799 =item Designing your API
3801 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3802 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3805 =item Strictness and warnings
3807 =item Backwards compatibility
3809 =item Error handling and messages
3813 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3819 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3821 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3822 perl Build test, perl Build install
3826 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3830 =item Version numbering
3832 =item Pre-requisites
3842 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3846 =item Reinventing the wheel
3848 =item Trying to do too much
3850 =item Inappropriate documentation
3856 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3857 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3864 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3874 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3875 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3889 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3899 =item What should I make into a module?
3901 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3903 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3905 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3907 Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and
3908 L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
3909 Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3911 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3913 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3914 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3924 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3934 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3935 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3936 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3937 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3941 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3943 =item Administration
3945 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3949 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3950 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3958 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3968 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3972 =item Using The Back Ends
3976 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3980 =item The Decompiling Back End
3982 =item The Lint Back End
3984 =item The Simple C Back End
3986 =item The Bytecode Back End
3988 =item The Optimized C Back End
3992 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3994 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3995 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3996 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3998 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4004 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4014 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4016 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4018 B<Decryption Filters>
4020 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4022 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4024 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4028 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4030 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4040 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4050 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4051 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4055 =item Compiling your C program
4057 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4059 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4061 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4063 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4065 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4067 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4069 =item Execution of END blocks
4071 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4073 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4078 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4090 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4096 =item Debugger Internals
4100 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4104 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4106 =item Debugging regular expressions
4110 =item Compile-time output
4112 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4113 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4114 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4117 =item Types of nodes
4119 =item Run-time output
4123 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4127 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4129 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4130 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4133 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4135 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4137 =item B<-DL> details
4141 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4149 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4161 =item Version caveat
4163 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4175 =item What has gone on?
4177 =item Writing good test scripts
4181 =item What's new here?
4183 =item Input and Output Parameters
4185 =item The XSUBPP Program
4187 =item The TYPEMAP file
4189 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4193 =item What has happened here?
4195 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4197 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4199 =item More about XSUB arguments
4201 =item The Argument Stack
4203 =item Extending your Extension
4205 =item Documenting your Extension
4207 =item Installing your Extension
4211 =item New Things in this Example
4215 =item New Things in this Example
4217 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4219 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4221 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4223 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4239 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4251 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4253 =item The Argument Stack
4255 =item The RETVAL Variable
4257 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
4259 =item The MODULE Keyword
4261 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4263 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4265 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4267 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4269 =item The CODE: Keyword
4271 =item The INIT: Keyword
4273 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4275 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4277 =item Default Parameter Values
4279 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4281 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4283 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4285 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4287 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4289 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4291 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4293 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4295 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4297 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4299 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4301 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4303 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4305 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4307 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4309 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4311 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4313 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4315 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4317 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4319 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4321 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4323 =item The CASE: Keyword
4325 =item The & Unary Operator
4327 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4329 =item Using XS With C++
4331 =item Interface Strategy
4333 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4337 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4339 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4351 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4361 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4363 =item File Operations
4365 =item File Input and Output
4367 =item File Positioning
4369 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4371 =item Character Class Tests
4373 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4375 =item Miscellaneous functions
4383 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4395 =item What is an "IV"?
4397 =item Working with SVs
4401 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4403 =item Working with AVs
4405 =item Working with HVs
4407 =item Hash API Extensions
4409 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4413 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4415 =item Creating New Variables
4417 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4419 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4421 =item Stashes and Globs
4423 =item Double-Typed SVs
4425 =item Magic Variables
4427 =item Assigning Magic
4429 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4433 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4435 =item Localizing changes
4437 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4438 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4439 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4440 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4441 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4442 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4443 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4444 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4445 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4446 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4454 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4456 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4458 =item Memory Allocation
4462 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4466 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4476 =item Examining the tree
4478 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4480 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4482 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4484 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4486 =item Pluggable runops
4490 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4492 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4496 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4498 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4500 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4502 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4504 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4508 =item Internal Functions
4510 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4514 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4516 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4518 =item Source Documentation
4520 =item Backwards compatibility
4524 =item Unicode Support
4528 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4530 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4532 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4534 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4536 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4538 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4542 =item Custom Operators
4550 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4556 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4558 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4560 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4580 =item Determining the Context
4584 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4590 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4592 =item Passing Parameters
4594 =item Returning a Scalar
4596 =item Returning a list of values
4598 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4600 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4604 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4608 =item Using call_argv
4610 =item Using call_method
4614 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4616 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4618 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4619 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4622 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4624 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4636 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4642 =item "Gimme" Values
4644 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4646 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4648 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4649 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4650 get_av, newAV, sortsv
4652 =item Callback Functions
4654 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4655 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4657 =item Character classes
4659 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4661 =item Cloning an interpreter
4665 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4669 =item Embedding Functions
4671 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4672 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4674 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4676 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4678 =item Global Variables
4680 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4684 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4685 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashpvn, gv_stashsv
4689 Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv
4691 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4693 get_hv, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force,
4694 HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders,
4695 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4696 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4697 hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
4700 =item Magical Functions
4702 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4703 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4704 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE, SvUNLOCK
4706 =item Memory Management
4708 Copy, CopyD, Move, MoveD, New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4709 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, savesvpv, StructCopy, Zero, ZeroD
4711 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4713 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4714 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4715 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnormal, vnumify,
4718 =item Numeric functions
4720 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4723 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4725 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4727 =item Pad Data Structures
4731 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4733 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu,
4734 mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4735 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs,
4736 PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmortal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs,
4737 XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
4738 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4739 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4743 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4745 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4747 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
4748 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4749 newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4750 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4751 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvIV_nomg, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4752 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx,
4753 SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4754 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4755 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4756 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4757 SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
4758 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
4759 SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off,
4760 SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, SvUV_nomg, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io,
4761 sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8,
4762 sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff,
4763 sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags,
4764 sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvn_nomg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4765 sv_catsv_mg, sv_catsv_nomg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale,
4766 sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4767 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4768 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4769 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b,
4770 sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force,
4771 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype,
4772 sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg,
4773 sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv,
4774 sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv,
4775 sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv,
4776 sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setsv_nomg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4777 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4778 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4779 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4780 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvf, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vcatpvf_mg, sv_vsetpvf, sv_vsetpvfn,
4783 =item Unicode Support
4785 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4786 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4787 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4788 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4789 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4792 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4794 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dUNDERBAR, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto,
4795 RETVAL, ST, THIS, UNDERBAR, XS, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4797 =item Warning and Dieing
4807 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4814 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4818 =item Functions in file pad.h
4820 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4821 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4822 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4823 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
4824 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4826 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4830 =item Global Variables
4832 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4843 =item Pad Data Structures
4845 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4846 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4847 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4848 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4850 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4854 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4856 find_uninit_var, report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs,
4865 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4875 =item History and Background
4877 =item Basic Structure
4879 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4881 =item Data Structures
4883 =item Functions and Attributes
4885 =item Per-instance Data
4887 =item Layers in action.
4889 =item Per-instance flag bits
4891 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4892 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4893 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4894 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4896 =item Methods in Detail
4898 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4899 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4900 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4901 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4906 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4908 C implementations, Perl implementations
4912 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4914 =item Extension Layers
4916 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4924 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4932 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4933 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4934 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4935 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4936 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4937 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4938 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4939 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4940 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4941 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4942 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4946 =item Co-existence with stdio
4948 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4949 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4951 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4953 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4954 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4955 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4956 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4958 =item Other Functions
4960 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4961 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4967 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4973 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4974 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4975 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4976 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4977 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4978 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4979 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4983 =item Keeping in sync
4985 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4986 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4988 =item Why rsync the source tree
4990 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4992 =item Why rsync the patches
4994 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4995 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4997 =item Working with the source
4999 =item Perlbug administration
5001 =item Submitting patches
5003 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5004 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5006 =item Finding Your Way Around
5008 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5010 =item Elements of the interpreter
5012 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5014 =item Internal Variable Types
5020 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5022 =item Millions of Macros
5024 =item The .i Targets
5026 =item Poking at Perl
5028 =item Using a source-level debugger
5030 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5031 finish, 'enter', print
5033 =item gdb macro support
5035 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5039 =item Patching a core module
5041 =item Adding a new function to the core
5043 =item Writing a test
5045 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5046 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5047 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5049 =item Special Make Test Targets
5051 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5052 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5053 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5054 check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness
5056 =item Running tests by hand
5058 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5062 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5066 =item Rational Software's Purify
5068 =item Purify on Unix
5070 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5074 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5078 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5080 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5084 =item Gprof Profiling
5086 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5088 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5090 =item Pixie Profiling
5092 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5095 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5099 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5107 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5115 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5125 =item (?{...}) closures in regexps
5127 =item A re-entrant regexp engine
5133 =item lexical pragmas
5135 =item use less 'memory'
5139 =item prototypes and functions
5143 =item _ prototype character
5145 =item inlining autoloaded constants
5147 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5151 =item Unicode and UTF8
5155 =item Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation
5157 =item UTF8 caching code
5159 =item Unicode in Filenames
5161 =item Unicode in %ENV
5169 =item regexp optimiser optional
5171 =item common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5179 =item POD -> HTML conversion still sucks
5183 =item Misc medium sized projects
5189 =item optional optimizer
5191 =item You WANT *how* many
5193 =item lexical aliases
5199 =item entersub XS vs Perl
5201 =item @INC source filter to Filter::Simple
5203 =item bincompat functions
5205 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5207 =item Constant folding
5215 =item Make Schwern poorer
5219 =item common test code for timed bailout
5227 =item compressed man pages
5229 =item Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl
5231 =item Relocatable perl
5233 =item make HTML install work
5235 =item put patchlevel in -v
5239 =item Incremental things
5243 =item autovivification
5245 =item fix tainting bugs
5247 =item Make tainting consistent
5249 =item Dual life everything
5259 =item POSIX memory footprint
5261 =item Optimize away @_
5265 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5267 =item A decent benchmark
5269 =item readpipe(LIST)
5277 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5287 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5288 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5289 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5290 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5291 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5302 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5310 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5322 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5324 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5328 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5332 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
5338 =item Incompatible Changes
5340 =item Core Enhancements
5342 =item Modules and Pragmata
5344 =item Utility Changes
5348 =item Performance Enhancements
5350 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5352 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5354 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5356 =item Changed Internals
5358 =item Known Problems
5362 =item Platform Specific Problems
5366 =item Reporting Bugs
5372 =head2 perl592delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
5378 =item Incompatible Changes
5380 =item Core Enhancements
5382 =item Modules and Pragmata
5384 =item Utility Changes
5388 =item Performance Enhancements
5390 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5392 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5394 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5396 =item Changed Internals
5398 =item Known Problems
5402 =item Platform Specific Problems
5406 =item Reporting Bugs
5412 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5418 =item Incompatible Changes
5422 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
5424 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
5428 =item Core Enhancements
5434 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5438 =item Stacked filetest operators
5442 =item Modules and Pragmata
5444 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
5446 =item Utility Changes
5450 =item Performance Enhancements
5452 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5458 =item Threading bugs
5464 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5466 =item Changed Internals
5470 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
5472 =item Removal of CPP symbols
5474 =item Less space is used by ops
5480 =item Configuration and Building
5482 =item Known Problems
5486 =item Platform Specific Problems
5490 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
5492 =item Reporting Bugs
5498 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5504 =item Incompatible Changes
5508 =item Hash Randomisation
5510 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5512 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5514 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5516 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5518 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5522 =item Core Enhancements
5528 =item Defined-or operators
5530 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5532 =item Unsafe signals again available
5534 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5538 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5540 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5544 =item Modules and Pragmata
5548 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5550 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5551 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5552 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5553 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5554 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5555 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5556 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5561 =item Utility Changes
5563 =item New Documentation
5565 =item Performance Enhancements
5567 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5571 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5575 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5579 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5583 =item Platform-specific fixes
5587 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5591 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5593 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5595 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5597 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5599 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5601 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5603 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5605 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5607 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5609 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5611 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5615 =item Changed Internals
5619 =item Known Problems
5623 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5625 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5631 =item Platform Specific Problems
5635 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5637 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5639 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5641 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5643 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5645 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5647 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5653 =item Reporting Bugs
5659 =head2 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6
5665 =item Incompatible Changes
5667 =item Core Enhancements
5669 =item Modules and Pragmata
5671 =item Utility Changes
5673 =item Performance Enhancements
5675 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5677 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5679 =item Changed Internals
5683 =item Reporting Bugs
5689 =head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
5695 =item Incompatible Changes
5697 =item Core Enhancements
5699 =item Modules and Pragmata
5701 =item Utility Changes
5705 =item Perl's debugger
5711 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5713 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5715 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5717 =item Changed Internals
5719 =item Known Problems
5721 =item Platform Specific Problems
5723 =item Reporting Bugs
5729 =head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
5735 =item Incompatible Changes
5737 =item Core Enhancements
5741 =item Malloc wrapping
5743 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
5745 =item suidperl less insecure
5751 =item Modules and Pragmata
5755 =item Updated modules
5757 Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
5758 IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
5759 Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
5760 Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
5761 base, open, threads, utf8
5765 =item Performance Enhancements
5767 =item Utility Changes
5769 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5771 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5773 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5775 =item Changed Internals
5777 =item Future Directions
5779 =item Platform Specific Problems
5781 =item Reporting Bugs
5787 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
5793 =item Incompatible Changes
5795 =item Core Enhancements
5797 =item Modules and Pragmata
5799 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
5800 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
5801 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
5803 =item Utility Changes
5805 =item New Documentation
5807 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5809 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5811 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5813 =item Changed Internals
5815 =item Configuration and Building
5817 =item Platform Specific Problems
5819 =item Known Problems
5821 =item Future Directions
5825 =item Reporting Bugs
5831 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
5837 =item Incompatible Changes
5839 =item Core Enhancements
5843 =item Hash Randomisation
5849 =item Modules and Pragmata
5853 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5855 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
5856 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
5857 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
5861 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5863 =item Changed Internals
5865 =item Platform Specific Problems
5867 =item Future Directions
5869 =item Reporting Bugs
5875 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5881 =item Incompatible Changes
5885 =item Hash Randomisation
5887 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5889 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5891 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5893 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5897 =item Core Enhancements
5901 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5903 =item Unsafe signals again available
5905 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5909 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5911 =item Deprecation Warnings
5913 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5917 =item Modules and Pragmata
5921 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5923 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5924 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5925 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5926 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5927 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5928 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5929 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5934 =item Utility Changes
5936 =item New Documentation
5938 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5942 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5946 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5950 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5954 =item Platform-specific fixes
5958 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5962 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5964 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5966 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5968 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5970 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5972 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5974 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5976 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
5978 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5980 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
5982 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5984 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5986 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5990 =item Changed Internals
5994 =item Known Problems
5998 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
6000 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
6006 =item Platform Specific Problems
6010 =item EBCDIC Platforms
6012 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
6014 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
6016 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
6018 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
6020 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
6022 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
6026 =item Future Directions
6028 =item Reporting Bugs
6034 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
6040 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
6042 =item Incompatible Changes
6046 =item Binary Incompatibility
6048 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6050 =item AIX Dynaloading
6052 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
6054 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6056 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
6058 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
6060 =item New Unicode Properties
6062 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
6064 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
6066 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
6072 =item Core Enhancements
6076 =item Unicode Overhaul
6078 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6082 =item Restricted Hashes
6086 =item Understanding of Numbers
6088 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
6090 =item Miscellaneous Changes
6094 =item Modules and Pragmata
6098 =item New Modules and Pragmata
6100 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6104 =item Utility Changes
6106 =item New Documentation
6108 =item Performance Enhancements
6110 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6114 =item Generic Improvements
6116 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6120 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6124 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6128 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6130 =item Changed Internals
6132 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
6136 =item Known Problems
6140 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
6142 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
6144 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6146 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
6148 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
6150 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6152 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
6154 =item PDL failing some tests
6158 =item Self-tying Problems
6160 =item ext/threads/t/libc
6162 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
6164 =item Timing problems
6166 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
6168 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
6172 =item Platform Specific Problems
6178 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
6184 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
6186 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
6188 =item DJGPP Failures
6190 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
6192 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
6194 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
6196 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6198 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
6200 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6204 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
6206 =item OS/2 Test Failures
6208 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
6214 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
6216 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
6218 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
6230 =item XML::Parser not working
6234 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
6236 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
6240 =item Reporting Bugs
6248 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6256 =item Reporting Bugs
6264 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6270 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6272 =item Incompatible Changes
6276 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6278 =item AIX Dynaloading
6280 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6282 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6288 =item Core Enhancements
6290 =item Modules and Pragmata
6294 =item New Modules and Distributions
6296 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6300 =item Utility Changes
6302 =item New Documentation
6304 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6308 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6310 =item Generic Improvements
6314 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6318 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6322 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6324 =item Source Code Enhancements
6328 =item MAGIC constants
6330 =item Better commented code
6332 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6340 =item Known Problems
6346 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6348 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6350 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6352 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6354 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6356 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6360 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6362 =item Failure of Thread tests
6372 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6374 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6376 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6378 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6380 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6382 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6386 =item Reporting Bugs
6394 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6400 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6402 =item Incompatible Changes
6404 =item Core Enhancements
6408 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6410 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6412 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6416 =item Modules and Pragmata
6422 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6426 =item Performance Enhancements
6428 =item Utility Changes
6430 =item New Documentation
6446 =item README.solaris
6450 =item Porting/repository.pod
6454 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6458 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6460 =item Generic Improvements
6462 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6463 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6464 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6468 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6472 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6476 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6478 =item Changed Internals
6482 =item Known Problems
6486 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6488 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6490 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6492 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6496 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6498 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6500 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6502 =item Failure of Thread tests
6504 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6506 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6508 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6510 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6514 =item Reporting Bugs
6522 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6528 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6530 =item Incompatible Changes
6532 =item Core Enhancements
6534 =item Modules and Pragmata
6540 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6544 =item Utility Changes
6546 =item New Documentation
6548 =item Performance Enhancements
6550 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6554 =item Generic Improvements
6558 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6562 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6566 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6568 =item Changed Internals
6570 =item Known Problems
6574 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6576 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6578 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6580 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6582 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6584 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6586 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6588 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6590 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6592 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6596 =item Reporting Bugs
6604 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6610 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6614 =item Security Issues
6616 =item Core bug fixes
6618 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6619 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6620 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6621 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6622 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6623 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6628 =item Configuration issues
6632 =item Bundled modules
6634 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6635 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6636 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6637 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6639 =item Platform-specific improvements
6641 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6645 =item Core Enhancements
6649 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6651 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6653 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6655 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6657 =item "our" declarations
6659 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6661 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6663 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6665 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6667 =item open() with more than two arguments
6669 =item 64-bit support
6671 =item Large file support
6677 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6679 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6681 =item File globbing implemented internally
6683 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6685 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6687 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6689 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6691 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6693 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6695 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6697 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6699 =item Comments in pack() templates
6701 =item Weak references
6703 =item Binary numbers supported
6705 =item Lvalue subroutines
6707 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6709 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6711 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6713 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6715 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6717 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6719 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6721 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6723 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6725 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6727 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6729 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6731 =item Improved diagnostics
6733 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6735 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6737 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6739 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6741 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6743 =item Improved security features
6745 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6747 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6749 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6751 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6753 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6755 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6757 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6761 =item Modules and Pragmata
6767 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6768 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6769 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6770 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6771 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6772 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6773 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6774 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6780 =item Utility Changes
6794 =item The Perl Debugger
6798 =item Improved Documentation
6800 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6801 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6802 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6803 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6805 =item Performance enhancements
6809 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6811 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6813 =item Faster subroutine calls
6815 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6819 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6823 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6825 =item New Configure flags
6827 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6833 =item -Duselargefiles
6835 =item installusrbinperl
6841 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6843 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6847 =item Platform specific changes
6851 =item Supported platforms
6855 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6863 =item Significant bug fixes
6867 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6869 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6871 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6873 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6875 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6877 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6879 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6881 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6883 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6885 =item Locale bugs fixed
6889 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6891 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6893 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6895 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6899 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6901 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6902 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6903 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6904 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6905 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6906 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6907 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6908 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6909 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6910 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6911 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6912 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6913 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6914 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6915 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6916 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6917 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6918 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6919 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6920 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6921 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6922 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6923 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6924 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6925 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6926 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6927 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6928 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6929 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6930 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6931 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6932 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6933 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6934 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6935 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6936 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6937 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6938 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6939 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6940 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6941 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6942 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6943 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6944 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6945 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6946 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6947 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6948 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6949 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6950 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6954 =item Incompatible Changes
6958 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6960 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6961 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6962 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6963 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6964 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6965 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6966 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6967 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6968 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6969 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6970 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6972 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6974 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6976 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6978 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6980 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6984 =item Known Problems
6988 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6990 =item Known test failures
6992 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6994 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6996 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6998 =item Experimental features
7000 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7001 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7002 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7006 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7008 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7009 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7010 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7011 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7013 =item Reporting Bugs
7021 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
7027 =item Core Enhancements
7031 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
7033 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
7035 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
7037 =item Support for interpolating named characters
7039 =item "our" declarations
7041 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
7043 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
7045 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
7047 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
7049 =item open() with more than two arguments
7051 =item 64-bit support
7053 =item Large file support
7059 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
7061 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
7063 =item File globbing implemented internally
7065 =item Support for CHECK blocks
7067 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
7069 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
7071 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
7073 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
7075 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
7077 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
7079 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
7081 =item Comments in pack() templates
7083 =item Weak references
7085 =item Binary numbers supported
7087 =item Lvalue subroutines
7089 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
7091 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
7093 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
7095 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
7097 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
7099 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
7101 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
7103 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
7105 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
7107 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
7109 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
7111 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
7113 =item Improved diagnostics
7115 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
7117 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
7119 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
7121 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
7123 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
7125 =item Improved security features
7127 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
7129 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
7131 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
7133 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
7135 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7137 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7139 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7143 =item Modules and Pragmata
7149 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7150 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7151 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7152 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7153 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7154 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7155 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7156 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7162 =item Utility Changes
7176 =item The Perl Debugger
7180 =item Improved Documentation
7182 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7183 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7184 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7185 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7187 =item Performance enhancements
7191 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7193 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7195 =item Faster subroutine calls
7197 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7201 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7205 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7207 =item New Configure flags
7209 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7215 =item -Duselargefiles
7217 =item installusrbinperl
7223 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7227 =item Platform specific changes
7231 =item Supported platforms
7235 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7243 =item Significant bug fixes
7247 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7249 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7251 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7253 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7255 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7257 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7259 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7261 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7263 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7265 =item Locale bugs fixed
7269 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7271 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7273 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7275 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7279 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7281 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7282 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7283 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7284 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7285 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7286 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7287 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7288 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7289 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7290 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7291 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7292 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7293 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7294 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7295 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7296 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7297 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7298 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7299 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7300 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7301 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7302 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7303 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7304 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7305 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7306 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7307 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7308 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7309 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7310 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7311 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7312 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7313 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7314 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7315 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7316 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7317 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7318 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7319 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7320 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7321 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7322 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7323 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7324 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7325 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7326 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7327 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7328 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7329 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7330 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7334 =item Incompatible Changes
7338 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7340 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7341 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7342 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7343 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7344 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7345 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7346 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7347 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7348 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7349 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7350 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7352 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7354 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7356 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7358 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7360 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7364 =item Known Problems
7368 =item Thread test failures
7370 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7372 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7374 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7376 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7379 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7381 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7383 =item Experimental features
7385 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7386 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7387 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7391 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7393 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7394 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7395 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7396 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7398 =item Reporting Bugs
7406 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7412 =item About the new versioning system
7414 =item Incompatible Changes
7418 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7420 =item Default installation structure has changed
7422 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7424 =item C Source Compatibility
7426 =item Binary Compatibility
7428 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7430 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7444 =item Regular Expressions
7446 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7447 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7448 improvements, Incompatible changes
7450 =item Improved malloc()
7452 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7454 =item Reliable signals
7456 =item Reliable stack pointers
7458 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7462 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7464 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7466 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7468 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7470 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7472 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7474 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7476 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7478 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7480 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7482 =item Better locale support
7484 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7486 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7488 =item Extended support for exception handling
7490 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7492 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7494 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7496 =item New C<lock> keyword
7498 =item New C<qr//> operator
7500 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7502 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7504 =item Tied handles support is better
7506 =item 4th argument to substr
7508 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7510 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7512 =item <> now reads in records
7516 =item Supported Platforms
7522 =item Changes in existing support
7526 =item Modules and Pragmata
7532 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7533 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7534 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7536 =item Changes in existing modules
7538 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7539 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7543 =item Utility Changes
7545 =item Documentation Changes
7547 =item New Diagnostics
7549 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7550 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7551 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7552 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7553 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7554 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7555 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7556 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7557 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7558 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7559 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7560 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7561 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7562 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7563 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7564 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7565 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7567 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7569 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7570 temporary file, regexp too big
7572 =item Configuration Changes
7582 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7588 =item Supported Environments
7594 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7596 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7598 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7600 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7602 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7604 =item More precise warnings
7606 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7608 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7610 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7612 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7614 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7616 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7618 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7620 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7622 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7624 =item Changes to tainting checks
7626 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7627 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7629 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7631 =item Embedding improvements
7633 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7635 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7637 =item New and changed syntax
7641 =item New and changed builtin constants
7645 =item New and changed builtin variables
7649 =item New and changed builtin functions
7651 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7652 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7653 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7654 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7655 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7657 =item New builtin methods
7659 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7661 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7663 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7664 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7666 =item Malloc enhancements
7668 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7670 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7674 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7690 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7691 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7697 =item Required Updates
7699 =item Installation directories
7701 =item Module information summary
7715 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7719 =item Utility Changes
7725 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7729 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7733 =item C Language API Changes
7735 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7738 =item Documentation Changes
7740 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7741 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7743 =item New Diagnostics
7745 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7746 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7747 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7748 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7749 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7750 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7751 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7752 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7753 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7754 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7755 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7756 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7757 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7758 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7759 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7760 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7761 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7762 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7763 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7764 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7765 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7766 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7767 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7768 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7769 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7779 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7787 =item The "Artistic License"
7795 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7796 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7800 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7806 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7818 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7822 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7830 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7834 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7836 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7838 =item The usenm option
7840 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7842 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7848 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7858 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7874 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7876 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7878 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7880 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7886 =item Accessing documentation
7890 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7892 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7894 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7896 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7900 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7904 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7906 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7908 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7910 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7912 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7916 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7924 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7934 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS
7940 =item BUILD AND INSTALL
7954 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
7960 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7970 =item gzip on BS2000
7972 =item bison on BS2000
7974 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7976 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7978 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7980 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7982 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7984 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7986 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7988 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
8006 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
8018 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
8019 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
8023 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
8028 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8034 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
8040 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
8044 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
8046 =item Cygwin Configuration
8048 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
8052 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
8056 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
8058 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
8060 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
8061 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
8063 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
8065 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
8066 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
8069 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
8071 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
8075 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
8079 =item Errors on Cygwin
8085 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
8089 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
8091 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
8093 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
8095 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
8097 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
8101 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
8103 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
8105 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
8106 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
8108 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
8116 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
8128 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
8132 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
8134 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
8136 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
8138 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
8148 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
8158 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
8162 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
8164 =item Building Perl on DOS
8166 =item Testing Perl on DOS
8168 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
8172 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
8176 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
8178 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
8180 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
8182 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
8192 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
8200 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
8202 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
8206 =item Editors on Epoc
8208 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
8210 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
8212 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
8216 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
8224 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8232 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8234 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8236 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8244 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8253 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8255 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8257 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8261 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8269 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8271 =item Itanium & Itanium 2
8273 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8275 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8277 =item The GNU C Compiler
8279 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8281 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8283 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8285 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8287 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8289 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8291 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8293 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8297 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8305 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8313 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8321 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8329 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8331 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8333 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8335 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8337 =item Malloc in Irix
8339 =item Building with threads in Irix
8349 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8358 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
8360 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
8362 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8364 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8366 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8376 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8390 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8400 =item Installation Prefix
8402 =item libperl and Prebinding
8404 =item Updating Panther
8406 =item Known problems
8416 =item Starting From Scratch
8424 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8430 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8436 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8444 =item Binary distribution from HP
8446 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8448 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8450 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8452 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8454 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8456 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8457 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8459 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8463 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8465 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8467 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8469 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8471 =item Perl/iX Change History
8477 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
8491 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8503 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
8505 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8513 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8533 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8535 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8537 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8541 =item Frequently asked questions
8545 =item "It does not work"
8547 =item I cannot run external programs
8549 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8552 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8555 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8557 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8565 =item Automatic binary installation
8567 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8569 =item Manual binary installation
8571 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8572 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8573 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8574 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8575 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8581 =item Accessing documentation
8585 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8593 =item GNU C<info> files
8605 =item The short story
8609 =item Getting perl source
8611 =item Application of the patches
8619 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8622 =item Installing the built perl
8624 =item C<a.out>-style build
8628 =item Building a binary distribution
8630 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
8634 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
8637 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
8645 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8647 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8649 =item Problems with tr or sed
8651 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8653 =item Library ... not found
8655 =item Segfault in make
8657 =item op/sprintf test failure
8661 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8665 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8669 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8671 =item Additional modules:
8673 =item Prebuilt methods:
8675 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8676 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8677 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8678 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8679 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8680 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8681 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8682 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8683 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8684 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8685 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8686 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8688 =item Prebuilt variables:
8690 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8697 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8700 =item Identifying DLLs
8702 =item Centralized management of resources
8704 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8705 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8706 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8707 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8721 =item F<perl___.exe>
8723 =item Why strange names?
8725 =item Why dynamic linking?
8727 =item Why chimera build?
8735 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8737 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8739 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8741 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8743 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8745 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8753 =item Text-mode filehandles
8757 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8759 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8761 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8764 =item DLL forwarder generation
8768 =item Calls to external programs
8770 =item Memory allocation
8774 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8790 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8803 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8805 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8807 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8809 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8811 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8813 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8815 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8817 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8819 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8821 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8831 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8839 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8847 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8849 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8851 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8853 =item Known Problems
8863 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8873 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8875 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8877 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8879 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8883 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8887 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8899 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8907 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8909 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8911 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8913 =item QNX auxiliary files
8917 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8925 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8933 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8939 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8945 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8947 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8949 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
8953 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8957 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
8959 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
8961 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
8965 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8967 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8968 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8969 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8975 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8977 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8981 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8983 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8987 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8991 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8993 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8997 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8999 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
9001 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
9013 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
9014 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
9022 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
9024 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
9026 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
9028 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
9030 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
9032 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
9034 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
9038 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
9040 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
9042 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
9048 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
9056 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
9058 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
9064 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
9074 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
9076 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
9078 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
9080 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
9082 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
9092 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
9098 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
9106 =item Organization of Perl Images
9112 =item Perl Extensions
9114 =item Installing static extensions
9116 =item Installing dynamic extensions
9120 =item File specifications
9126 =item Wildcard expansion
9132 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
9138 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
9140 =item Command line switches
9146 =item Perl functions
9148 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
9149 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
9150 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
9151 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
9153 =item Perl variables
9155 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
9157 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
9171 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
9177 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
9179 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
9181 =item USING PERL IN VOS
9185 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
9187 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
9193 =item SUPPORT STATUS
9201 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
9211 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
9213 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual
9214 C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3
9215 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc
9219 =item Testing Perl on Win32
9221 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
9223 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
9225 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
9226 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
9227 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
9229 =item Running Perl Scripts
9231 =item Miscellaneous Things
9235 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
9237 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9241 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
9242 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
9243 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
9251 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9253 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9265 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9275 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9276 data structures between threads
9288 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9289 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9290 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9302 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9311 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9312 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9313 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9317 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9323 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9324 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9326 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9332 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9344 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9348 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9360 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9364 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9374 =item Built-in Attributes
9376 locked, method, lvalue
9378 =item Available Subroutines
9382 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9384 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9386 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9394 =item Default exports
9396 =item Available exports
9398 =item Export tags defined
9408 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9424 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
9434 Base class package "%s" is empty
9444 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9456 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9460 =item Internal Format
9482 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9494 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9500 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9504 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9522 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9544 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9550 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9551 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9552 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9553 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9554 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9564 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9578 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9593 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9602 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9604 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9608 =item Anonymous hashes
9612 =item Alias shortcut
9616 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9618 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9622 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9628 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9640 =item List constants
9642 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9644 =item Magic constants
9648 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9658 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
9668 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9670 =item The I<splain> Program
9684 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9694 =item Literal Conversions
9696 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9698 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
9702 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9704 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9708 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9709 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9711 =item The Filter Option
9715 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9725 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9727 =item tr/// with ranges
9729 Legend of characters above
9733 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9735 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9737 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9741 =item The Logic of :locale
9751 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9765 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9775 =item subpragma access
9781 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9795 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9806 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9816 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9826 =item Adding directories to @INC
9828 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9830 =item Restoring original @INC
9844 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9855 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9863 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9865 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9871 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9883 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9893 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9895 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9897 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9899 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9901 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9903 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9905 =item Overloadable Operations
9907 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9908 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9909 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9911 =item Inheritance and overloading
9913 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9914 is inherited by derived classes
9918 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9926 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9928 =item Copy Constructor
9934 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9936 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9937 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9938 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9941 =item Losing overloading
9943 =item Run-time Overloading
9945 =item Public functions
9947 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9949 =item Overloading constants
9951 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9953 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9955 =item Metaphor clash
9961 =item Two-face scalars
9963 =item Two-face references
9965 =item Symbolic calculator
9967 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9975 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9976 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9982 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9994 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9996 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
10000 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
10004 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
10012 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
10024 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
10032 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
10038 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
10048 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
10049 structures between threads
10061 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
10062 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
10063 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
10075 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
10086 =item Utility functions
10088 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
10089 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
10090 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
10100 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
10110 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
10120 =item What IS a version
10122 Numeric Versions, Quoted Versions
10124 =item What about v-strings?
10126 =item Numeric Versions
10128 =item Quoted Versions
10130 =item Object Methods
10132 New Operator, qv(), Normal Form, Numification, Stringification, Comparison
10133 operators, Logical Operators
10137 =item Types of Versions Objects
10139 Ordinary versions, Alpha versions
10141 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
10153 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
10161 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
10165 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
10173 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
10174 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
10175 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
10176 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
10177 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
10181 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
10191 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
10193 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
10203 =item DBM Comparisons
10213 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
10223 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
10227 =item Typed lexicals
10229 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
10231 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
10233 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
10235 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
10243 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
10244 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
10245 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
10246 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
10247 be able to apply END handler>
10257 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
10267 =item Subroutine Stubs
10269 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10271 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10273 =item Package Lexicals
10275 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10277 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10287 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10295 $keep, $check, $modtime
10299 =item Multiple packages
10307 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10317 =item Utility Functions
10321 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10324 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10325 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10327 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10329 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10331 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10333 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10335 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10337 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10338 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10342 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10346 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10348 =item B::SV Methods
10350 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10352 =item B::IV Methods
10354 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10356 =item B::NV Methods
10360 =item B::RV Methods
10364 =item B::PV Methods
10368 =item B::PVMG Methods
10372 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10374 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10376 =item B::PVLV Methods
10378 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10380 =item B::BM Methods
10382 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10384 =item B::GV Methods
10386 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10387 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10389 =item B::IO Methods
10391 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10392 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10394 =item B::AV Methods
10396 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
10398 =item B::CV Methods
10400 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10401 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10403 =item B::HV Methods
10405 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
10407 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10409 =item B::OP Methods
10411 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static, flags, private,
10414 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10418 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10422 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10426 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10430 =item B::PMOP Methods
10432 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10433 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10435 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10439 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10443 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10447 =item B::LOOP Methods
10449 redoop, nextop, lastop
10451 =item B::COP Methods
10453 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10461 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10470 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10476 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10488 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10508 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10520 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10530 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10540 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10541 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10542 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10553 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10563 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10564 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10565 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10577 =item Context of ".."
10581 =item Deprecated features
10589 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10603 =item Options for Opcode Ordering
10605 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>
10607 =item Options for Line-Style
10609 B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10611 =item Options for tree-specific formatting
10613 B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>
10615 =item Options controlling sequence numbering
10617 B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>
10619 =item Other options
10621 B<-main>, B<-nomain>, B<-nobanner>, B<-banner>, B<-banneris> => subref
10623 =item Option Stickiness
10627 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10631 =item OP class abbreviations
10633 =item OP flags abbreviations
10637 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10641 =item Special Patterns
10643 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10644 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10649 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<#>I<Var>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10650 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10651 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10652 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10653 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#opt>, B<#static>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>,
10654 B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10658 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10662 =item Example: Altering Concise Renderings
10666 =item set_style_standard($name)
10670 =item add_callback()
10672 =item Running B::Concise::compile()
10674 =item B::Concise::reset_sequence()
10684 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10696 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10706 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10707 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10709 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10719 =item ambient_pragmas
10721 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10733 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10745 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10753 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10755 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10756 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10757 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10759 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10769 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10779 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10787 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10811 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10823 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10825 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10837 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10847 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10855 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10875 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10889 =item Standard Exports
10891 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10892 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10893 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10895 =item Optional Exports
10897 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10898 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10899 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10901 =item :hireswallclock
10917 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10921 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10935 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10947 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10957 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10969 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10971 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10973 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10975 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10977 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10979 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10981 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10983 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10985 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10987 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10989 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10991 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10993 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10995 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10997 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10999 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
11001 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
11003 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
11004 B<:standard>, B<:all>
11008 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
11009 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
11012 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
11014 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
11015 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
11020 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
11024 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
11026 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
11028 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
11030 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
11032 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
11034 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
11036 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
11038 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
11039 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
11041 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
11045 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
11049 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
11051 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
11053 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
11055 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
11057 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
11059 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
11060 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
11062 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
11066 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
11070 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
11072 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
11074 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
11076 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
11080 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
11082 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
11084 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
11088 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
11090 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
11092 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
11096 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
11100 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
11104 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
11108 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
11112 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
11114 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
11116 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
11120 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
11122 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
11123 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
11125 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
11131 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
11132 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
11134 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
11136 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
11137 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
11140 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
11146 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
11150 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
11152 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
11153 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
11154 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
11155 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
11156 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
11157 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
11159 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
11161 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
11166 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
11168 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
11170 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
11171 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
11173 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
11175 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11179 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
11180 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
11181 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
11182 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
11183 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
11184 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
11185 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
11186 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
11187 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
11188 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
11189 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
11190 ...and many many more..
11192 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
11200 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
11210 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11218 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
11227 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
11229 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
11233 =item Changing the default message
11237 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
11239 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
11247 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
11255 =item USING CGI::Cookie
11257 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
11261 =item Creating New Cookies
11263 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
11265 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
11267 =item Manipulating Cookies
11269 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
11273 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11281 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
11289 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
11291 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
11293 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
11295 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
11297 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
11299 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
11303 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11311 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
11321 =item Tags that won't be formatted
11323 =item Customizing the Indenting
11335 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11343 =item USING CGI::Push
11345 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11349 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11351 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11355 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11357 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11365 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11375 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11383 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11391 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11397 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11409 =item Interactive Mode
11411 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11412 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11413 distribution, ls author, Signals
11421 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11423 =item Programmer's interface
11425 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11427 =item Methods in the other Classes
11429 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11430 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11431 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11432 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11433 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11434 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11435 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11436 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11437 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11438 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11439 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11440 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11441 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11442 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11443 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11444 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11445 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11446 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11447 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11448 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11449 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11450 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11451 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11452 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11453 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11454 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11456 =item Cache Manager
11460 =item Prerequisites
11462 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11466 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11470 =item CONFIGURATION
11472 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11473 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11474 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11475 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11479 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11481 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11489 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11491 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11495 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11497 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11499 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11505 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11517 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11527 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11540 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11550 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11558 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11562 =item $Carp::CarpLevel
11564 =item $Carp::MaxEvalLen
11566 =item $Carp::MaxArgLen
11568 =item $Carp::MaxArgNums
11570 =item $Carp::Verbose
11582 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
11584 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11594 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11595 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11596 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11598 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11606 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11616 =item The C<struct()> function
11618 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11620 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11622 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11623 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11625 =item Initializing with C<new>
11631 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11633 =item Author and Modification History
11637 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11645 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11657 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11661 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11662 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11663 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11664 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11668 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11672 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11673 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11674 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11675 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11676 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11677 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11678 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11682 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11683 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11684 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11685 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11686 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11687 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11688 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11689 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11690 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11691 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11692 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11693 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11694 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11695 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11696 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11697 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11698 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11699 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11700 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11701 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11702 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11703 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11704 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11705 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11706 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11707 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11708 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11709 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11710 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11711 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11712 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11713 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11714 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11715 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11716 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11717 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11718 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11719 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11720 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11721 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11722 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11723 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11724 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11725 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11726 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11727 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11728 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11729 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11730 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11731 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11732 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11733 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11734 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11735 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11736 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11737 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11738 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11739 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11740 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11741 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11742 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11743 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11744 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11745 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11746 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11747 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11748 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11749 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11750 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11751 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11752 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11753 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11754 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11755 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11756 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11757 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11758 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11759 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strlcat>, C<d_strlcpy>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
11760 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
11761 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
11762 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
11763 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
11764 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
11765 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
11766 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
11767 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
11768 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>,
11769 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
11770 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
11771 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
11772 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
11773 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
11774 C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11778 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11779 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11780 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11781 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11785 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11786 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11791 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11792 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11793 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11794 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11795 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11796 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11797 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11798 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11799 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11800 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11804 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11805 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11809 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11810 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11811 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11812 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11813 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11814 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11815 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11816 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11817 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11818 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11819 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11820 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11821 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11822 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11823 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11824 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11825 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11826 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11827 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11828 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11829 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11830 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11831 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11832 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11833 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11834 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11835 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11836 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11840 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11844 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11845 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11846 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11847 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11848 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11849 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11854 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11855 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11856 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11860 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11861 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11866 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11867 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11868 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11869 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11870 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11874 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11875 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11879 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11880 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11884 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11885 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11886 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
11887 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11891 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11895 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11896 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11897 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11901 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11902 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11903 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11904 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11905 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11906 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11907 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11908 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11909 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11910 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11911 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11912 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11913 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11914 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11915 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11916 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11917 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11918 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11919 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11920 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11924 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11925 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11930 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11931 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11932 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11933 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11934 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemallocwrap>,
11935 C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>,
11936 C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<userelocatableinc>,
11937 C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>,
11938 C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>,
11939 C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
11943 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11944 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11945 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11946 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11947 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11948 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11949 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11957 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11975 dynamic, nonxs, static
11981 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11991 =item getcwd and friends
11993 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd
11995 =item abs_path and friends
11997 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
12011 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
12023 =item Global Variables
12025 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
12026 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
12031 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
12032 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
12034 =item Client Callback Methods
12036 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
12037 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
12038 CLIENT->output(LIST)
12048 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
12056 =item What is a DBM Filter?
12060 =item So what's new?
12068 =item $db->Filter_Push()
12070 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
12072 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
12074 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
12076 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
12078 =item $db->Filtered()
12082 =item Writing a Filter
12086 =item Immediate Filters
12088 =item Canned Filters
12094 =item Filters Included
12096 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
12102 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
12104 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
12116 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
12124 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
12128 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
12130 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
12132 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
12134 =item Default Parameters
12136 =item In Memory Databases
12144 =item A Simple Example
12152 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
12154 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
12156 =item The get_dup() Method
12158 =item The find_dup() Method
12160 =item The del_dup() Method
12162 =item Matching Partial Keys
12170 =item The 'bval' Option
12172 =item A Simple Example
12174 =item Extra RECNO Methods
12176 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
12177 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
12178 length, elements);>
12180 =item Another Example
12184 =item THE API INTERFACE
12186 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
12187 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
12188 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
12189 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
12193 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
12194 B<filter_fetch_value>
12200 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
12202 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
12206 =item HINTS AND TIPS
12210 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
12212 =item Safe ways to lock a database
12214 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
12216 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
12218 =item The untie() Gotcha
12222 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
12226 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
12228 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
12230 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
12232 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
12252 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
12253 printing and C<eval>
12265 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
12266 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
12267 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
12274 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
12300 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
12308 =item PROFILE FORMAT
12320 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
12330 =item Why use ppport.h?
12332 You should use F<ppport.h> in modern code so that your code will work
12333 with the widest range of Perl interpreters possible, without significant
12336 =item How to use ppport.h
12338 =item Running ppport.h
12350 =item COMPATIBILITY
12354 =item Provided Perl compatibility API
12356 =item Perl API not supported by ppport.h
12358 perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0,
12359 perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03,
12360 perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl 5.004_04, perl 5.004
12374 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
12384 =item Runtime debugging
12386 =item Memory footprint debugging
12394 =item A simple scalar string
12396 =item A simple scalar number
12398 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
12400 =item A reference to a simple scalar
12402 =item A reference to an array
12404 =item A reference to a hash
12406 =item Dumping a large array or hash
12408 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
12410 =item A reference to a subroutine
12424 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
12434 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
12442 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
12446 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
12447 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
12448 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
12449 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
12450 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
12460 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
12470 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
12474 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
12475 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
12476 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12488 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
12500 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12512 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12524 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12525 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12526 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12531 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12532 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12538 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12546 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12547 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
12548 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
12549 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
12550 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
12556 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12567 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12569 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12573 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12577 =item The most hairy case
12587 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12595 =item Table of Contents
12607 =item PERL ENCODING API
12609 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12610 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12611 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12616 =item Listing available encodings
12618 =item Defining Aliases
12622 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12624 =item Handling Malformed Data
12626 B<NOTE:> Not all encoding suppport this feature, I<CHECK> =
12627 Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I<CHECK> =
12628 Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I<CHECK> =
12629 Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML
12630 charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask
12634 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12638 =item Defining Encodings
12640 =item The UTF-8 flag
12642 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12646 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12648 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12658 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12666 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12671 =item Alias overloading
12679 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12693 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12695 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12711 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12713 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12715 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
12729 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
12739 =item Methods you should implement
12741 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12742 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12744 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12746 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
12747 -E<gt>needs_lines()
12749 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12753 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12757 =item Compiled Encodings
12763 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12767 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12777 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12778 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12779 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12789 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12799 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12807 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12809 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12811 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12825 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12827 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12843 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12849 =item How does it work?
12851 =item Line Buffering
12855 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12863 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12871 =item Encoding Names
12875 =item Supported Encodings
12879 =item Built-in Encodings
12881 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12883 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12885 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12886 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12888 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12890 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12891 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12892 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12894 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12896 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12900 =item Unsupported encodings
12902 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12903 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12904 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12905 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12907 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12909 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12913 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12915 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12921 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12922 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12929 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12930 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12934 =item Other Notable Sites
12936 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12937 "Introduction to i18n"
12939 =item Offline sources
12941 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12947 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12961 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12977 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12985 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12987 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12993 =item by endianness
12995 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12999 =item Surrogate Pairs
13001 =item Error Checking
13007 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
13021 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
13030 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
13035 =item Alias overloading
13043 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
13044 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
13046 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
13049 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
13052 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
13053 Implementation Base Class
13063 =item Methods you should implement
13065 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
13066 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
13068 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
13070 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
13071 -E<gt>needs_lines()
13073 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
13077 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
13081 =item Compiled Encodings
13087 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
13091 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
13102 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
13103 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
13104 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
13114 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
13115 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
13117 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
13120 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
13123 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
13124 and 'Q' header encoding
13140 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
13141 on Encode and PerlIO
13147 =item How does it work?
13149 =item Line Buffering
13153 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
13161 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
13162 supported by Encode
13170 =item Encoding Names
13174 =item Supported Encodings
13178 =item Built-in Encodings
13180 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
13182 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
13184 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
13185 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
13187 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
13189 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
13190 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
13191 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
13193 =item Miscellaneous encodings
13195 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
13199 =item Unsupported encodings
13201 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
13202 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
13203 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
13204 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
13206 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
13208 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
13212 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
13214 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
13220 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
13221 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
13228 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
13229 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
13233 =item Other Notable Sites
13235 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
13236 "Introduction to i18n"
13238 =item Offline sources
13240 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
13246 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
13261 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13273 =item Predefined Methods
13275 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13276 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13277 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13279 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13281 =item Operator Overloading
13289 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
13290 non-ascii or non-utf8
13300 =item Literal Conversions
13302 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
13304 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
13308 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
13310 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
13314 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
13315 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
13317 =item The Filter Option
13321 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
13331 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
13333 =item tr/// with ranges
13335 Legend of characters above
13339 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
13341 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
13343 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
13347 =item The Logic of :locale
13357 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13369 =item Predefined Methods
13371 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13372 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13373 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13375 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13377 =item Operator Overloading
13385 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
13398 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
13413 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
13429 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
13439 =item How to Export
13441 =item Selecting What To Export
13443 =item How to Import
13445 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
13449 =item Advanced features
13453 =item Specialised Import Lists
13455 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
13457 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
13459 =item Module Version Checking
13461 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
13463 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
13465 =item Generating combined tags
13467 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
13473 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
13483 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
13504 mv source... destination
13506 cp source... destination
13526 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13540 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13542 B<perllocal_install>
13546 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13556 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13564 perl_stringify NAME
13568 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
13570 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
13574 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13582 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
13585 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13587 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13589 WriteMakefileSnippet
13591 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13592 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13600 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13612 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13613 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13623 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
13641 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
13653 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
13661 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
13673 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
13674 packlist(), version()
13682 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
13690 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
13691 dynamic extensions at load time
13697 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
13707 =item VMS implementation
13709 =item Win32 implementation
13717 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
13727 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
13735 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
13743 dir_target B<DEPRECATED>
13745 blibdirs_target (o)
13749 =item File::Spec wrappers
13757 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13773 makemakerdflt_target
13793 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13795 signature_addtomanifest_target
13799 =item Abstract methods
13801 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13802 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13815 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13816 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13830 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13831 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13845 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13849 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13859 =item Overridden methods
13867 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13877 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
13887 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13888 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13900 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13908 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13909 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13927 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13937 =item Overridden methods
13945 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13955 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13981 clean_subdirs_target
14041 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
14071 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14115 post_initialize (o)
14129 realclean_subdirs_target
14131 replace_manpage_separator
14153 test_via_harness (override)
14155 test_via_script (override)
14179 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14180 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14190 =item Methods always loaded
14202 guess_name (override)
14206 find_perl (override)
14208 maybe_command (override)
14210 perl_script (override)
14212 replace_manpage_separator
14218 init_main (override)
14220 init_others (override)
14222 init_platform (override)
14226 init_VERSION (override)
14228 constants (override)
14234 const_cccmd (override)
14236 tool_sxubpp (override)
14238 tools_other (override)
14240 init_dist (override)
14250 dynamic_lib (override)
14252 dynamic_bs (override)
14254 static_lib (override)
14256 processPL (override)
14258 installbin (override)
14260 subdir_x (override)
14264 clean_subdirs_target
14266 realclean (override)
14268 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
14270 dist_test (override)
14274 perldepend (override)
14276 makefile (override)
14278 find_tests (override)
14282 makeaperl (override)
14284 nicetext (override)
14286 prefixify (override)
14306 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14307 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14319 =item Overridden methods
14325 replace_manpage_separator
14335 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14337 special_targets (o)
14359 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
14369 =item Overriden methods
14385 clean_subdirs_target
14387 realclean_subdirs_target
14399 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
14409 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
14419 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
14421 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
14429 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
14433 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
14435 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
14437 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
14439 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
14441 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
14442 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
14443 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
14444 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
14445 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
14446 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
14447 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
14448 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
14449 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
14450 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
14451 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
14452 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
14453 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
14454 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
14455 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
14456 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
14457 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
14458 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
14460 =item Additional lowercase attributes
14462 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
14463 test, tool_autosplit
14465 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14467 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14469 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
14471 =item Hintsfile support
14473 =item Distribution Support
14475 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14476 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14477 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14479 =item Module Meta-Data
14481 =item Disabling an extension
14483 =item Other Handy Functions
14491 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
14501 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14510 =item Module Installation
14512 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
14515 =item Philosophy and History
14517 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
14518 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14519 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14521 =item Module Writing
14523 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14524 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14528 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14529 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14542 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14556 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14565 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14575 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14585 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14623 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
14627 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14635 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
14636 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
14640 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
14648 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
14660 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
14670 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
14679 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
14687 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
14699 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
14707 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
14717 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
14729 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
14739 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
14743 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14751 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14755 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14759 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14773 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14787 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14797 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14799 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14811 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14821 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14833 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14841 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14847 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14848 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14849 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14851 =item The wanted function
14853 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14854 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14855 pathname to the file
14863 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14867 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
14873 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14881 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14882 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14883 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14887 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14895 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14909 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14919 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14920 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14921 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14929 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14941 file_name_is_absolute
14945 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14965 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14983 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
15011 file_name_is_absolute
15033 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
15045 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
15078 file_name_is_absolute
15100 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
15116 =item Methods always loaded
15118 canonpath (override)
15136 case_tolerant (override)
15140 file_name_is_absolute (override)
15142 splitpath (override)
15144 splitdir (override)
15158 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
15184 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
15194 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
15230 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
15244 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
15254 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
15262 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
15274 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
15276 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
15288 =item Temporary files and NFS
15300 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
15316 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
15324 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
15332 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
15340 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
15346 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
15360 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
15362 =item All-in-one interface
15364 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
15366 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
15369 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
15371 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
15372 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
15373 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
15375 described in the previous section.
15377 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
15379 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
15391 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
15401 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
15405 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
15407 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
15415 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
15417 =item Example 2: Using the context
15419 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
15421 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
15425 =item Filter::Simple
15433 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
15441 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
15453 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
15469 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15477 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15479 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15483 =item Simple options
15485 =item A little bit less simple options
15487 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15489 =item Options with values
15491 =item Options with multiple values
15493 =item Options with hash values
15495 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15497 =item Options with multiple names
15499 =item Case and abbreviations
15501 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15503 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15508 =item Advanced Possibilities
15512 =item Object oriented interface
15514 =item Thread Safety
15516 =item Documentation and help texts
15518 =item Storing options in a hash
15522 =item The lonesome dash
15524 =item Argument callback
15528 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15530 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15531 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15532 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15533 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15534 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15535 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15537 =item Exportable Methods
15539 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15541 =item Return values and Errors
15547 =item Default destinations
15549 =item Alternative option starters
15551 =item Configuration variables
15555 =item Trouble Shooting
15559 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
15562 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
15564 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
15566 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
15572 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15576 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
15577 with switch clustering
15585 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
15589 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
15599 =item Restricted hashes
15601 lock_keys, unlock_keys
15607 lock_value, unlock_value
15609 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
15623 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
15634 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
15645 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
15647 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
15649 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15651 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15653 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
15655 the function super_languages($lang1)
15657 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
15659 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
15661 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
15663 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
15665 the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function
15666 implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
15670 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
15672 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
15682 =head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
15702 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
15710 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
15712 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
15714 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
15715 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
15716 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
15717 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
15718 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
15719 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
15720 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
15721 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
15722 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
15723 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
15724 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
15725 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
15726 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
15727 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
15728 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
15729 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
15730 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
15731 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
15732 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
15733 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
15734 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
15735 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
15736 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
15737 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
15738 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
15739 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
15740 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
15741 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
15742 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
15743 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
15744 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
15745 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
15746 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
15747 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
15748 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
15749 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
15750 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
15751 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
15752 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
15753 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
15754 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
15755 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
15756 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
15757 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
15758 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
15759 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
15760 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
15761 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
15762 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
15763 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
15764 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
15765 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
15766 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
15767 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
15768 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
15769 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
15770 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
15771 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
15772 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
15773 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
15774 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
15775 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
15776 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
15777 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
15778 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15779 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15780 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15781 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15782 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15783 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15784 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15785 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15786 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15787 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15788 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15789 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15790 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15791 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15792 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15793 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15794 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15795 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15796 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15797 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15798 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15799 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15800 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15801 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15802 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15803 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15804 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15805 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15806 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15807 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15808 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15809 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15810 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15811 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15812 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15813 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15814 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15815 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15816 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15817 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15818 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15819 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15820 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15821 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15822 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15823 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15824 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15825 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15826 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15827 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15828 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15829 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15830 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15831 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15832 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15833 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15834 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15835 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15836 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15837 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15838 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15839 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15844 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15850 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15868 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15872 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15884 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15892 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15893 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15903 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15913 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15917 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
15926 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15936 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15940 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15941 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15942 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15943 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15955 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15965 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15969 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15979 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15989 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15990 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16000 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
16008 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16009 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16018 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
16028 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16032 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16033 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16034 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16044 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
16058 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16059 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16069 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
16085 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16098 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
16112 hostpath(), peerpath()
16122 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
16131 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
16132 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
16142 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
16152 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
16156 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
16165 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
16176 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
16180 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
16181 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
16182 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
16183 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
16195 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
16205 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
16209 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
16219 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
16229 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16230 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16240 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
16249 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16250 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16259 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
16270 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16274 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16275 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16276 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16286 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
16301 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16302 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16312 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
16313 AF_INET domain sockets
16329 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16342 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
16343 AF_UNIX domain sockets
16357 hostpath(), peerpath()
16367 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16377 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16378 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16389 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
16403 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
16416 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
16426 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16427 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16428 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16439 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
16457 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16467 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16468 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16479 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
16490 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16491 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16492 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16503 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16511 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16512 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16516 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16522 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16523 general-utility list subroutines
16531 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16532 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16536 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16542 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16543 general-utility scalar subroutines
16551 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16552 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16553 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16563 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
16571 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16575 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
16583 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
16591 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16593 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16595 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16596 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16598 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16600 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
16602 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
16608 =item rename_country
16616 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16620 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
16621 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
16622 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
16623 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
16631 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
16632 identification (ISO 4217)
16642 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16644 code2currency(), currency2code()
16646 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16648 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
16652 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16656 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
16657 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
16665 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
16674 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16676 code2language(), language2code()
16678 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16680 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
16684 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16688 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
16689 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
16697 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
16705 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16711 =item Construction Methods
16713 =item The "maketext" Method
16715 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
16717 =item Utility Methods
16719 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
16720 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
16721 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
16722 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
16724 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
16728 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
16730 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
16732 =item BRACKET NOTATION
16734 =item AUTO LEXICONS
16736 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
16738 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
16742 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16748 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
16756 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
16760 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
16762 =item The Linguistic View
16764 =item Breaking gettext
16766 =item Replacing gettext
16768 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
16770 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
16772 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
16774 =item Buzzword: Concision
16776 =item The Devil in the Details
16778 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16786 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16794 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16798 =item SPECIAL CODES
16802 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16804 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16805 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16807 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16809 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16813 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16817 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16818 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16826 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16834 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16838 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16848 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16849 of quoted-printable strings
16857 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
16866 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16875 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
16884 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16894 =item Canonical notation
16898 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16900 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16904 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16905 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16913 =item Autocreating constants
16919 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16927 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16937 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16969 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16971 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
16973 $x->is_pos(); # true if > 0
16974 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
16976 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
17062 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
17072 =item Rounding mode R
17074 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
17075 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
17076 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
17081 =item Infinity and Not a Number
17083 oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2()
17093 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
17101 =item Autocreating constants
17107 =item Alternative math libraries
17113 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
17121 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
17127 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
17132 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
17133 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
17144 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
17156 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
17160 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17162 the same terms as Perl itself.
17170 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
17192 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17194 the same terms as Perl itself.
17202 =head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers
17224 =item denominator()
17226 $d = $x->denominator();
17240 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
17274 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
17275 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
17276 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
17286 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
17299 =item STRINGIFICATION
17303 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
17309 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
17311 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
17319 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
17327 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
17333 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
17335 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
17339 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17341 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
17345 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
17347 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17349 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
17350 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
17354 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
17360 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
17370 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
17388 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
17390 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
17394 =item OTHER FACILITIES
17400 =item C<flush_cache>
17406 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
17408 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
17416 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17422 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
17431 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
17442 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
17454 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17462 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17470 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
17479 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
17488 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
17496 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
17504 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17510 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17514 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17518 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
17529 =item Enforcing redispatch
17531 =item Avoiding repetitions
17533 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
17535 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
17541 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17547 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
17557 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
17560 =item CLASS METHODS
17562 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
17563 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
17564 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
17574 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
17584 requires_firewall HOST
17586 =item NetConfig VALUES
17588 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
17589 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
17590 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
17594 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
17603 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
17611 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
17623 new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17627 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
17628 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
17629 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
17630 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
17631 [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
17632 put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
17633 ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
17634 size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
17635 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
17636 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
17637 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
17638 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
17643 =item Methods for the adventurous
17649 =item THE dataconn CLASS
17651 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
17652 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
17654 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
17656 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
17658 =item REPORTING BUGS
17666 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
17674 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
17684 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17688 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
17689 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
17690 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
17691 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
17692 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
17693 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
17694 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
17698 =item Extension methods
17700 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
17701 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
17702 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
17703 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
17712 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
17722 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
17732 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
17736 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
17737 [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
17738 (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
17739 ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
17740 ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
17752 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
17764 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
17765 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
17766 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
17767 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
17768 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
17785 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
17797 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
17801 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
17802 USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
17803 send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
17804 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
17805 ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
17806 data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
17807 $subject ] ), quit ()
17819 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17827 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17828 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17836 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17853 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17861 =item Where to get this document
17863 =item How to contribute to this document
17867 =item Author and Copyright Information
17875 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17879 =item What is libnet ?
17881 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17883 =item What other modules do I need ?
17885 =item What machines support libnet ?
17887 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17891 =item Using Net::FTP
17895 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17897 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17899 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17901 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17904 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17906 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17908 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17910 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17912 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17914 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17917 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17919 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17922 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17925 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17929 =item Using Net::SMTP
17933 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17936 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17938 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17942 =item Debugging scripts
17946 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17950 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17954 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17971 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17986 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
18003 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
18011 =item THE .netrc FILE
18013 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
18018 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
18022 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
18032 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
18042 =item IMPLEMENTATION
18050 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
18058 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
18064 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18068 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18072 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
18084 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
18086 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
18087 or optag, an operator set (opset)
18089 =item Opcode Functions
18091 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
18092 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
18093 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
18096 =item Manipulating Opsets
18098 =item TO DO (maybe)
18104 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
18106 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
18107 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
18108 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
18117 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
18126 a new namespace, an operator mask
18132 =item RECENT CHANGES
18134 =item Methods in class Safe
18136 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18137 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18138 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18139 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18141 =item Some Safety Issues
18143 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18151 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
18164 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
18178 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
18179 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
18180 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
18181 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
18182 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
18183 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
18184 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
18185 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
18186 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
18187 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
18188 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
18189 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
18190 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
18191 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
18192 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
18193 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
18194 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
18195 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
18196 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
18197 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
18198 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
18199 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
18200 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
18201 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
18202 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
18209 =item POSIX::SigAction
18211 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
18213 =item POSIX::SigSet
18215 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
18217 =item POSIX::Termios
18219 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
18220 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
18221 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
18222 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
18223 values, c_oflag field values
18227 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
18231 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
18235 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
18289 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
18290 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
18294 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
18303 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
18307 =item Custom Layers
18311 =item Alternatives to raw
18313 =item Defaults and how to override them
18315 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
18325 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
18337 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
18345 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
18349 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
18357 =item EXPECTED METHODS
18359 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
18360 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
18361 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
18362 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
18363 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
18364 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
18365 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
18366 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
18372 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
18378 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
18386 =item REQUIRED MODULES
18390 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18396 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
18402 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
18408 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
18420 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
18421 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
18422 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
18423 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
18424 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
18425 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
18426 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
18427 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
18432 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
18433 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
18434 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
18435 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
18436 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
18437 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
18442 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
18443 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
18455 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
18457 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
18460 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
18462 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
18464 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
18466 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
18468 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
18470 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
18478 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
18490 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
18492 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
18499 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
18505 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
18507 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
18514 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
18526 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
18536 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
18537 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
18538 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
18552 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
18565 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
18566 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
18572 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
18596 =item B<was_cutting()>
18602 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
18608 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
18614 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18620 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
18626 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18632 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
18638 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
18644 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18650 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18656 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
18662 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
18668 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18674 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18680 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
18686 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
18692 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18698 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
18704 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
18710 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18716 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18722 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
18728 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
18734 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
18740 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
18746 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
18752 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18758 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
18764 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18770 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
18782 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
18794 =item OBJECT METHODS
18802 =item Data Accessors
18818 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
18820 B<StartWithNewPage>
18834 =item Subclassed methods
18848 B<interior_sequence>
18864 =item Methods for headings
18872 =item Internal methods
18878 B<_replace_special_chars>
18880 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18886 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18888 B<_split_delimited>
18904 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18912 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18917 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18918 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18919 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18930 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18934 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18946 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18950 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18964 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18972 $list-E<gt>indent()
18980 $list-E<gt>parent()
18986 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18988 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18992 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18994 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18998 $link-E<gt>warning()
19000 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
19006 $link-E<gt>alttext()
19016 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
19022 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
19026 =item Pod::Cache::Item
19028 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
19032 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
19034 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
19036 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
19038 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
19040 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
19042 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
19044 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
19054 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
19066 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
19068 =item PARSING OPTIONS
19070 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
19071 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
19077 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19085 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19091 =item B<verbatim()>
19093 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19099 =item B<textblock()>
19101 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19107 =item B<interior_sequence()>
19113 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19125 =item B<initialize()>
19131 =item B<begin_pod()>
19137 =item B<begin_input()>
19143 =item B<end_input()>
19155 =item B<preprocess_line()>
19161 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
19167 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
19173 =item B<parse_text()>
19175 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
19176 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
19177 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
19183 =item B<interpolate()>
19189 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
19195 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
19201 =item B<parse_from_file()>
19207 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
19213 =item B<errorsub()>
19225 =item B<parseopts()>
19231 =item B<output_file()>
19237 =item B<output_handle()>
19243 =item B<input_file()>
19249 =item B<input_handle()>
19255 =item B<input_streams()>
19261 =item B<top_stream()>
19267 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19273 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
19279 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
19285 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
19293 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
19303 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19309 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
19321 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19327 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
19339 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19345 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
19355 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19361 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
19371 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19377 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
19389 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19395 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
19409 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
19419 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19425 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19433 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
19437 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
19438 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
19450 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
19470 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
19483 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
19485 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
19491 =item OBJECT METHODS
19497 =item B<curr_headings()>
19509 =item B<add_selection()>
19515 =item B<clear_selections()>
19521 =item B<match_section()>
19527 =item B<is_selected()>
19533 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
19539 =item B<podselect()>
19541 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
19547 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19553 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
19559 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
19565 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
19577 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19585 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
19589 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
19590 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
19591 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
19602 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19606 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
19620 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19624 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
19639 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19643 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
19658 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19662 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
19671 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
19680 =item Recommended Use
19688 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
19692 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
19700 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
19706 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
19710 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
19714 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
19722 a new namespace, an operator mask
19728 =item RECENT CHANGES
19730 =item Methods in class Safe
19732 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
19733 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
19734 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
19735 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
19737 =item Some Safety Issues
19739 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
19747 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
19755 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
19756 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
19757 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
19767 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
19777 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
19787 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
19797 =item The __DATA__ token
19799 =item SelfLoader autoloading
19801 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
19803 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
19805 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
19807 =item Classes and inherited methods.
19811 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
19815 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19827 =item Escaping Magic Characters
19829 =item Configuration
19839 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19840 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19848 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19849 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19850 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19851 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19852 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19856 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19866 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19870 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19872 =item CODE REFERENCES
19874 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19876 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19878 =item ERROR REPORTING
19886 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19891 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19892 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19900 =item Storable magic
19910 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19922 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19936 =item Allowing fall-through
19938 =item Automating fall-through
19940 =item Alternative syntax
19942 =item Higher-order Operations
19958 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19970 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19982 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19983 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19991 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19992 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19993 in 5.004_02), closelog
20003 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
20004 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
20012 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
20013 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
20014 in 5.004_02), closelog
20024 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
20034 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
20035 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
20036 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
20040 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
20050 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20054 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
20070 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
20072 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
20074 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
20076 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
20084 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20092 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
20100 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
20110 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
20111 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
20119 =item Minimal set of supported functions
20121 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
20122 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
20124 =item Additional supported functions
20126 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
20136 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
20144 =item QUICK START GUIDE
20150 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
20151 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
20161 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
20167 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
20171 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20183 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
20205 =item Setting up tests
20223 =item Running tests
20229 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
20231 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
20257 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
20271 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
20275 =item Test Status and Info
20311 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
20327 =item The test script output
20329 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
20330 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
20335 =item Configuration variables.
20337 B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
20341 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
20368 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
20369 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
20370 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
20371 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
20375 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
20376 C<HARNESS_DEBUG>, C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>,
20377 C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
20378 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
20398 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
20424 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
20442 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
20480 =item C<analyze_fh>
20486 =item C<analyze_file>
20492 =item C<_command_line( $file )>
20510 =item C<_cleaned_switches>
20516 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
20522 =item C<_filtered_INC>
20528 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
20538 =item C<_is_comment>
20546 =item C<_is_header>
20558 =item C<_is_bail_out>
20564 =item C<_reset_file_state>
20574 =item C<_detailize>
20590 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
20600 =item I love it when a plan comes together
20610 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
20650 =item Conditional tests
20656 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
20658 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
20662 =item Comparison functions
20676 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
20686 =item CAVEATS and NOTES
20688 Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness upgrade
20702 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
20726 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
20735 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
20743 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
20745 =item Where to start?
20749 =item Test the manual
20751 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
20753 =item Testing lots of values
20755 =item Informative names
20757 =item Skipping tests
20761 =item Testing with taint mode.
20773 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
20785 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
20795 =item General behaviour in list contexts
20799 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
20801 =item A note about prefixes
20803 =item C<extract_delimited>
20805 =item C<extract_bracketed>
20807 =item C<extract_variable>
20811 =item C<extract_tagged>
20813 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
20814 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
20816 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
20818 =item C<extract_quotelike>
20820 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
20822 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
20824 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
20826 =item C<extract_codeblock>
20828 =item C<extract_multiple>
20830 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
20836 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
20837 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
20838 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
20839 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
20840 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
20841 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
20842 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
20843 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
20844 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
20845 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
20846 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
20847 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
20852 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
20858 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
20873 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20890 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20905 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20921 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20933 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20934 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20935 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20939 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20947 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20955 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20957 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20963 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20971 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20973 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20977 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20992 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
21002 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
21010 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
21011 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
21012 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
21013 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
21021 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
21041 =item Option Format
21045 =item Public Methods
21053 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
21059 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
21061 =item Deferred Writing
21065 =item Autodeferring
21069 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
21075 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
21089 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
21098 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
21099 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
21100 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
21101 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
21103 =item MORE INFORMATION
21105 =item COMPATIBILITY
21109 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
21118 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
21119 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
21122 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
21124 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
21126 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
21128 =item MORE INFORMATION
21132 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
21140 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
21150 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
21168 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
21177 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
21179 =item MORE INFORMATION
21183 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
21195 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
21204 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
21205 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
21206 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
21207 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
21218 =item negative time not invented yet
21220 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
21228 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21232 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
21242 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
21244 =item Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
21246 =item Negative Epoch Values
21250 =item IMPLEMENTATION
21260 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
21275 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
21290 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
21302 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
21310 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
21311 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
21312 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
21318 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
21328 =item Constructor and Tailoring
21330 UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar,
21331 level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
21332 table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower,
21333 variable, alternate
21335 =item Methods for Collation
21337 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
21338 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
21339 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
21340 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
21341 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
21342 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
21343 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
21345 =item Methods for Searching
21347 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
21348 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
21349 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
21350 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
21351 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
21352 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
21353 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
21355 =item Other Methods
21357 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
21358 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
21364 =item Conformance Test
21372 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
21373 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
21374 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L<Unicode::Normalize>
21378 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
21388 =item Normalization Forms
21390 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
21391 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
21392 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
21393 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
21395 =item Decomposition and Composition
21397 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
21398 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
21399 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
21403 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
21404 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
21405 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
21406 check($form_name, $string)>
21408 =item Character Data
21410 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
21411 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
21412 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
21413 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
21414 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
21415 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
21416 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
21426 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
21427 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
21428 http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
21432 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
21474 =item Blocks versus Scripts
21476 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
21478 =item Code Point Arguments
21504 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
21510 =item Implementation Note
21522 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
21537 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
21548 =item System Specifics
21562 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
21572 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
21574 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
21578 =item Order of initialization: early load()
21582 =item The most hairy case
21592 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
21594 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
21595 don't all have manual pages yet:
21629 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blob