3 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
7 This file contains the documentation of the perl public API generated by
8 embed.pl, specifically a listing of functions, macros, flags, and variables
9 that may be used by extension writers. The interfaces of any functions that
10 are not listed here are subject to change without notice. For this reason,
11 blindly using functions listed in proto.h is to be avoided when writing
14 Note that all Perl API global variables must be referenced with the C<PL_>
15 prefix. Some macros are provided for compatibility with the older,
16 unadorned names, but this support may be disabled in a future release.
18 The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
24 Same as C<av_len()>. Deprecated, use C<av_len()> instead.
33 Clears an array, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the
43 Deletes the element indexed by C<key> from the array. Returns the
44 deleted element. C<flags> is currently ignored.
46 SV* av_delete(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 flags)
53 Returns true if the element indexed by C<key> has been initialized.
55 This relies on the fact that uninitialized array elements are set to
58 bool av_exists(AV* ar, I32 key)
65 Pre-extend an array. The C<key> is the index to which the array should be
68 void av_extend(AV* ar, I32 key)
75 Returns the SV at the specified index in the array. The C<key> is the
76 index. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check
77 that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
79 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for
80 more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
82 SV** av_fetch(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 lval)
89 Ensure than an array has a given number of elements, equivalent to
90 Perl's C<$#array = $fill;>.
92 void av_fill(AV* ar, I32 fill)
99 Returns the highest index in the array. Returns -1 if the array is
109 Creates a new AV and populates it with a list of SVs. The SVs are copied
110 into the array, so they may be freed after the call to av_make. The new AV
111 will have a reference count of 1.
113 AV* av_make(I32 size, SV** svp)
120 Pops an SV off the end of the array. Returns C<&PL_sv_undef> if the array
130 Pushes an SV onto the end of the array. The array will grow automatically
131 to accommodate the addition.
133 void av_push(AV* ar, SV* val)
140 Shifts an SV off the beginning of the array.
149 Stores an SV in an array. The array index is specified as C<key>. The
150 return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not
151 need to be actually stored within the array (as in the case of tied
152 arrays). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note
153 that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference
154 count of C<val> before the call, and decrementing it if the function
157 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for
158 more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
160 SV** av_store(AV* ar, I32 key, SV* val)
167 Undefines the array. Frees the memory used by the array itself.
169 void av_undef(AV* ar)
176 Unshift the given number of C<undef> values onto the beginning of the
177 array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. You
178 must then use C<av_store> to assign values to these new elements.
180 void av_unshift(AV* ar, I32 num)
187 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
188 used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
189 must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
196 =item bytes_from_utf8
198 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
199 Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
200 the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
201 length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
202 is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
203 0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
205 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
206 removed without notice.
208 U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
215 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
216 Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
217 reflect the new length.
219 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
220 removed without notice.
222 U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
229 Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See L<perlcall>.
231 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
233 I32 call_argv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags, char** argv)
240 Performs a callback to the specified Perl method. The blessed object must
241 be on the stack. See L<perlcall>.
243 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
245 I32 call_method(const char* methname, I32 flags)
252 Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See L<perlcall>.
254 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
256 I32 call_pv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags)
263 Performs a callback to the Perl sub whose name is in the SV. See
266 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
268 I32 call_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
275 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
276 class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
285 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
286 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
287 the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
289 void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
292 Found in file handy.h
296 This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
297 Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
298 function. See C<warn>.
300 If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
301 C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
303 errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
304 sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
307 void croak(const char* pat, ...)
314 Returns the stash of the CV.
323 If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
324 value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
326 Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
327 L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
329 SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
336 Sets up the C<ax> variable.
337 This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
346 Sets up the C<items> variable.
347 This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
356 Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
366 Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
375 Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
376 the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
385 Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
386 Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
387 This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
396 Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
397 handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
406 Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
411 Found in file scope.h
415 Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
417 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
419 SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
426 Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
428 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
430 I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
437 Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
438 used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
441 void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
448 Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
449 -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
451 void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
458 Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
459 C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
460 does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
463 char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
470 Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
476 Found in file scope.h
480 Fill the sv with current working directory
482 int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
489 Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
490 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
491 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
493 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
495 AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
502 Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If C<create> is set and
503 the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the
504 same effect as saying C<sub name;>). If C<create> is not set and the
505 subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.
507 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
509 CV* get_cv(const char* name, I32 create)
516 Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
517 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
518 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
520 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
522 HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
529 Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
530 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
531 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
533 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
535 SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
542 A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
543 C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
544 Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
553 The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
554 C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
564 converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
566 On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
567 conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
568 The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
569 On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
572 If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
573 and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
574 returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
575 and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
578 The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
579 C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
580 C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
581 number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
583 UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
586 Found in file numeric.c
590 converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
592 On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
593 conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
594 The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first non-hex-digit character.
595 On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
598 If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
599 and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
600 returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
601 and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
604 The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
605 C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
606 C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
607 number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
609 UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
612 Found in file numeric.c
616 Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
617 (0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
618 IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
619 IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
621 If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
622 IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
623 will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
624 to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
625 If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
626 valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
628 IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
629 seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
630 IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
631 absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
632 number is larger than a UV.
634 int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
637 Found in file numeric.c
639 =item grok_numeric_radix
641 Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
643 bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
646 Found in file numeric.c
651 UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
654 Found in file numeric.c
658 Return the SV from the GV.
667 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
668 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
669 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
671 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
672 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
673 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
674 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
676 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
677 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
678 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
679 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
680 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
682 GV* gv_fetchmeth(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
689 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
691 GV* gv_fetchmethod(HV* stash, const char* name)
696 =item gv_fetchmethod_autoload
698 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
699 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
700 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
703 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
704 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
705 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
706 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
707 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
709 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
710 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
711 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
712 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
713 created via a side effect to do this.
715 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
716 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
717 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
718 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
720 GV* gv_fetchmethod_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, I32 autoload)
727 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
728 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
729 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
730 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
732 HV* gv_stashpv(const char* name, I32 create)
739 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
740 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
742 HV* gv_stashsv(SV* sv, I32 create)
749 Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
757 Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
765 Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
773 Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
781 Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
789 Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
796 This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
797 specifies the structure contains a C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
798 is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
805 Returns the computed hash stored in the hash entry.
814 Returns the actual pointer stored in the key slot of the hash entry. The
815 pointer may be either C<char*> or C<SV*>, depending on the value of
816 C<HeKLEN()>. Can be assigned to. The C<HePV()> or C<HeSVKEY()> macros are
817 usually preferable for finding the value of a key.
826 If this is negative, and amounts to C<HEf_SVKEY>, it indicates the entry
827 holds an C<SV*> key. Otherwise, holds the actual length of the key. Can
828 be assigned to. The C<HePV()> macro is usually preferable for finding key
831 STRLEN HeKLEN(HE* he)
838 Returns the key slot of the hash entry as a C<char*> value, doing any
839 necessary dereferencing of possibly C<SV*> keys. The length of the string
840 is placed in C<len> (this is a macro, so do I<not> use C<&len>). If you do
841 not care about what the length of the key is, you may use the global
842 variable C<PL_na>, though this is rather less efficient than using a local
843 variable. Remember though, that hash keys in perl are free to contain
844 embedded nulls, so using C<strlen()> or similar is not a good way to find
845 the length of hash keys. This is very similar to the C<SvPV()> macro
846 described elsewhere in this document.
848 char* HePV(HE* he, STRLEN len)
855 Returns the key as an C<SV*>, or C<Nullsv> if the hash entry does not
856 contain an C<SV*> key.
865 Returns the key as an C<SV*>. Will create and return a temporary mortal
866 C<SV*> if the hash entry contains only a C<char*> key.
868 SV* HeSVKEY_force(HE* he)
875 Sets the key to a given C<SV*>, taking care to set the appropriate flags to
876 indicate the presence of an C<SV*> key, and returns the same
879 SV* HeSVKEY_set(HE* he, SV* sv)
886 Returns the value slot (type C<SV*>) stored in the hash entry.
895 Returns the package name of a stash. See C<SvSTASH>, C<CvSTASH>.
897 char* HvNAME(HV* stash)
904 Clears a hash, making it empty.
906 void hv_clear(HV* tb)
913 Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
914 hash and returned to the caller. The C<klen> is the length of the key.
915 The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL
918 SV* hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 flags)
925 Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
926 hash and returned to the caller. The C<flags> value will normally be zero;
927 if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned. C<hash> can be a valid
928 precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.
930 SV* hv_delete_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 flags, U32 hash)
937 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The
938 C<klen> is the length of the key.
940 bool hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen)
947 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. C<hash>
948 can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be
951 bool hv_exists_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, U32 hash)
958 Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The
959 C<klen> is the length of the key. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be
960 part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before
961 dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
963 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
964 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
966 SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 lval)
973 Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash.
974 C<hash> must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given C<key>, or 0
975 if you want the function to compute it. IF C<lval> is set then the fetch
976 will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before
977 accessing it. The return value when C<tb> is a tied hash is a pointer to a
978 static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to
981 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
982 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
984 HE* hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash)
991 Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of
992 keys in the hash (i.e. the same as C<HvKEYS(tb)>). The return value is
993 currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
995 NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, C<hv_iterinit> used to return the number of
996 hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
997 value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
999 I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
1006 Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See
1009 char* hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen)
1016 Returns the key as an C<SV*> from the current position of the hash
1017 iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also
1020 SV* hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry)
1027 Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
1029 HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
1036 Performs an C<hv_iternext>, C<hv_iterkey>, and C<hv_iterval> in one
1039 SV* hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen)
1046 Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
1049 SV* hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry)
1056 Adds magic to a hash. See C<sv_magic>.
1058 void hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how)
1065 Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key> and C<klen> is
1066 the length of the key. The C<hash> parameter is the precomputed hash
1067 value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be
1068 NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
1069 stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
1070 be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
1071 responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
1072 the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
1074 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
1075 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
1077 SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
1084 Stores C<val> in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key>. The C<hash>
1085 parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will
1086 compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
1087 NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
1088 stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
1089 contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
1090 described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
1091 incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
1092 decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
1094 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
1095 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
1097 HE* hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash)
1106 void hv_undef(HV* tb)
1113 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
1114 character (including underscore) or digit.
1116 bool isALNUM(char ch)
1119 Found in file handy.h
1123 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
1126 bool isALPHA(char ch)
1129 Found in file handy.h
1133 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
1136 bool isDIGIT(char ch)
1139 Found in file handy.h
1143 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
1146 bool isLOWER(char ch)
1149 Found in file handy.h
1153 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
1155 bool isSPACE(char ch)
1158 Found in file handy.h
1162 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
1165 bool isUPPER(char ch)
1168 Found in file handy.h
1172 Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
1173 character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid UTF-8 character.
1174 The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if
1175 it is valid, otherwise 0.
1177 STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
1180 Found in file utf8.c
1182 =item is_utf8_string
1184 Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
1185 string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
1186 'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
1189 bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
1192 Found in file utf8.c
1196 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
1197 items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
1202 Found in file XSUB.h
1206 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
1207 XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
1212 Found in file XSUB.h
1216 Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
1221 Found in file scope.h
1225 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
1226 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
1227 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
1228 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
1229 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
1230 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
1231 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
1232 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
1234 void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
1239 =item looks_like_number
1241 Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
1242 C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
1243 non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
1245 I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
1252 Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
1259 Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
1261 int mg_clear(SV* sv)
1268 Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
1270 int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
1277 Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1279 MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
1286 Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1295 Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1304 Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
1306 U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
1313 Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1315 void mg_magical(SV* sv)
1322 Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1331 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
1332 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
1333 the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
1335 void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
1338 Found in file handy.h
1342 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
1344 void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
1347 Found in file handy.h
1351 Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
1360 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
1363 void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
1366 Found in file handy.h
1370 Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
1371 eligible for inlining at compile-time.
1373 CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
1380 Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
1389 Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
1392 SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
1399 Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
1400 SV is B<not> incremented.
1402 SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
1409 Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
1410 bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
1411 tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
1412 space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
1413 C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
1415 SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
1418 Found in file handy.h
1422 Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
1423 with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
1426 SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
1433 Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
1443 Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
1444 The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
1453 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
1454 SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
1455 strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
1457 SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
1464 Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
1467 SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
1474 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
1475 SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
1476 string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
1479 SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
1484 =item newSVpvn_share
1486 Creates a new SV with its SvPVX pointing to a shared string in the string
1487 table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
1488 first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
1489 slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
1490 otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
1491 is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and
1492 hash lookup will avoid string compare.
1494 SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
1501 Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
1502 it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
1503 be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
1504 reference count is 1.
1506 SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
1513 Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
1516 SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
1523 Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
1524 The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
1533 Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
1540 Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
1544 Found in file XSUB.h
1548 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
1549 memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
1551 void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
1554 Found in file handy.h
1565 Null character pointer.
1568 Found in file handy.h
1589 Found in file handy.h
1593 The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
1600 Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
1602 PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
1605 Found in file perl.c
1609 Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
1611 PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
1616 =item perl_construct
1618 Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
1620 void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
1623 Found in file perl.c
1627 Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
1629 int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
1632 Found in file perl.c
1636 Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
1638 void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
1641 Found in file perl.c
1645 Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
1647 int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
1650 Found in file perl.c
1654 Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
1656 int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
1659 Found in file perl.c
1663 C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
1664 extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
1665 In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
1666 to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
1667 prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
1672 Found in file intrpvar.h
1676 A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
1677 doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
1678 to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
1679 C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
1684 Found in file thrdvar.h
1688 This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
1694 Found in file intrpvar.h
1698 This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
1703 Found in file intrpvar.h
1707 This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
1713 Found in file intrpvar.h
1717 Pops an integer off the stack.
1726 Pops a long off the stack.
1735 Pops a double off the stack.
1744 Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
1745 a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
1754 Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
1755 Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
1764 Pops a string off the stack.
1765 Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
1774 Pops an SV off the stack.
1783 Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
1784 Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
1793 Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
1803 Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
1804 Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
1813 Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
1814 The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
1817 void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
1824 Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
1825 Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
1834 Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
1835 element. See C<XPUSHu>.
1844 Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
1845 See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
1854 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
1856 void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
1859 Found in file handy.h
1863 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
1866 void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
1869 Found in file handy.h
1873 Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
1874 analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
1875 implemented that way; consider using Perl_load_module instead.
1877 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
1879 void require_pv(const char* pv)
1882 Found in file perl.c
1886 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
1887 XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
1888 L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
1893 Found in file XSUB.h
1897 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
1899 void Safefree(void* ptr)
1902 Found in file handy.h
1906 Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
1908 char* savepv(const char* sv)
1911 Found in file util.c
1915 Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
1916 copy. This does not use an SV.
1918 char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
1921 Found in file util.c
1925 Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
1931 Found in file scope.h
1935 For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
1937 NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
1940 Found in file numeric.c
1944 For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
1946 NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
1949 Found in file numeric.c
1953 For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
1955 NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
1958 Found in file numeric.c
1962 Tries to find if a given SV has a shared backend, either by
1963 looking at magic, or by checking if it is tied again threads::shared.
1965 shared_sv* sharedsv_find(SV* sv)
1968 Found in file sharedsv.c
1972 Saves a space for keeping SVs wider than an interpreter,
1973 currently only stores a pointer to the first interpreter.
1975 void sharedsv_init()
1978 Found in file sharedsv.c
1982 Recursive locks on a sharedsv.
1983 Locks are dynamicly scoped at the level of the first lock.
1984 void sharedsv_lock(shared_sv* ssv)
1987 Found in file sharedsv.c
1991 Allocates a new shared sv struct, you must yourself create the SV/AV/HV.
1992 shared_sv* sharedsv_new()
1995 Found in file sharedsv.c
1997 =item sharedsv_thrcnt_dec
1999 Decrements the threadcount of a shared sv. When a threads frontend is freed
2000 this function should be called.
2002 void sharedsv_thrcnt_dec(shared_sv* ssv)
2005 Found in file sharedsv.c
2007 =item sharedsv_thrcnt_inc
2009 Increments the threadcount of a sharedsv.
2010 void sharedsv_thrcnt_inc(shared_sv* ssv)
2013 Found in file sharedsv.c
2015 =item sharedsv_unlock
2017 Recursively unlocks a shared sv.
2019 void sharedsv_unlock(shared_sv* ssv)
2022 Found in file sharedsv.c
2027 Sort an array. Here is an example:
2029 sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
2031 void sortsv(SV ** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t f)
2034 Found in file pp_ctl.c
2038 Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
2046 Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
2055 Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
2060 Found in file XSUB.h
2064 Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
2066 bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
2069 Found in file handy.h
2073 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
2074 the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
2076 bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
2079 Found in file handy.h
2083 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
2084 C<s2>. Returns true or false.
2086 bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
2089 Found in file handy.h
2093 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
2094 second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
2096 bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
2099 Found in file handy.h
2103 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
2104 C<s2>. Returns true or false.
2106 bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
2109 Found in file handy.h
2113 Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
2116 bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
2119 Found in file handy.h
2123 Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
2124 the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
2127 bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
2130 Found in file handy.h
2134 Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
2135 indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
2136 wrapper for C<strncmp>).
2138 bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
2141 Found in file handy.h
2145 This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
2147 void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
2150 Found in file handy.h
2154 Returns the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvLEN>.
2156 STRLEN SvCUR(SV* sv)
2163 Set the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvCUR>.
2165 void SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2172 Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the SV.
2173 See C<SvCUR>. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)).
2182 Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
2183 argument more than once.
2185 void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
2192 Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
2193 indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing
2194 NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
2195 Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
2197 char * SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2204 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer.
2213 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer. Checks
2214 the B<private> setting. Use C<SvIOK>.
2223 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an signed integer.
2225 void SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
2232 Unsets the IV status of an SV.
2234 void SvIOK_off(SV* sv)
2241 Tells an SV that it is an integer.
2243 void SvIOK_on(SV* sv)
2250 Tells an SV that it is an integer and disables all other OK bits.
2252 void SvIOK_only(SV* sv)
2259 Tells and SV that it is an unsigned integer and disables all other OK bits.
2261 void SvIOK_only_UV(SV* sv)
2268 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
2270 void SvIOK_UV(SV* sv)
2277 Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. See C<SvIVx> for a
2278 version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
2287 Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
2288 sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvIV> otherwise.
2297 Returns the raw value in the SV's IV slot, without checks or conversions.
2298 Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvIV()>.
2307 Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV, not including any part
2308 attributable to C<SvOOK>. See C<SvCUR>.
2310 STRLEN SvLEN(SV* sv)
2317 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
2327 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
2328 double. Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvNIOK>.
2330 bool SvNIOKp(SV* sv)
2337 Unsets the NV/IV status of an SV.
2339 void SvNIOK_off(SV* sv)
2346 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double.
2355 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double. Checks the
2356 B<private> setting. Use C<SvNOK>.
2365 Unsets the NV status of an SV.
2367 void SvNOK_off(SV* sv)
2374 Tells an SV that it is a double.
2376 void SvNOK_on(SV* sv)
2383 Tells an SV that it is a double and disables all other OK bits.
2385 void SvNOK_only(SV* sv)
2392 Coerce the given SV to a double and return it. See C<SvNVx> for a version
2393 which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
2402 Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
2403 Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
2412 Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
2413 sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
2422 Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV.
2431 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for
2432 the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters
2433 from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the
2434 allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX - SvIVX).
2443 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character
2453 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string.
2454 Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvPOK>.
2463 Unsets the PV status of an SV.
2465 void SvPOK_off(SV* sv)
2472 Tells an SV that it is a string.
2474 void SvPOK_on(SV* sv)
2481 Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
2482 Will also turn off the UTF8 status.
2484 void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
2489 =item SvPOK_only_UTF8
2491 Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits,
2492 and leaves the UTF8 status as it was.
2494 void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv)
2501 Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
2502 if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic. See also
2503 C<SvPVx> for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
2505 char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2512 Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
2514 char* SvPVbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2521 Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
2522 Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte>
2526 char* SvPVbytex(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2531 =item SvPVbytex_force
2533 Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
2534 Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte_force>
2537 char* SvPVbytex_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2542 =item SvPVbyte_force
2544 Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
2546 char* SvPVbyte_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2551 =item SvPVbyte_nolen
2553 Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary.
2555 char* SvPVbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
2562 Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
2564 char* SvPVutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2571 Like C<SvPV>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
2572 Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8>
2575 char* SvPVutf8x(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2580 =item SvPVutf8x_force
2582 Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
2583 Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVutf8_force>
2586 char* SvPVutf8x_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2591 =item SvPVutf8_force
2593 Like C<SvPV_force>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
2595 char* SvPVutf8_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2600 =item SvPVutf8_nolen
2602 Like C<SvPV_nolen>, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary.
2604 char* SvPVutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
2611 Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
2621 A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
2623 char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2630 Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
2631 force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.
2633 char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2638 =item SvPV_force_nomg
2640 Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
2641 force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly. Doesn't process magic.
2643 char* SvPV_force_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2650 Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
2651 if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
2653 char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
2660 Returns the value of the object's reference count.
2662 U32 SvREFCNT(SV* sv)
2669 Decrements the reference count of the given SV.
2671 void SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv)
2678 Increments the reference count of the given SV.
2680 SV* SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv)
2687 Tests if the SV is an RV.
2696 Unsets the RV status of an SV.
2698 void SvROK_off(SV* sv)
2705 Tells an SV that it is an RV.
2707 void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
2714 Dereferences an RV to return the SV.
2723 Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
2724 argument more than once.
2726 void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
2733 Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
2735 void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
2740 =item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
2742 Like C<SvSetMagicSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
2744 void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
2751 Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
2754 void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
2759 =item SvSetSV_nosteal
2761 Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
2762 ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
2764 void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
2771 Returns the stash of the SV.
2780 Taints an SV if tainting is enabled
2782 void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
2789 Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if
2792 bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
2799 Untaints an SV. Be I<very> careful with this routine, as it short-circuits
2800 some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not
2801 use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of
2802 unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the
2803 standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
2804 untainting variables.
2806 void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
2813 Marks an SV as tainted.
2815 void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
2822 Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
2823 false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
2832 An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
2833 in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
2840 Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
2842 svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
2849 Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
2856 Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
2863 Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
2870 Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
2877 Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
2884 Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
2891 Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
2898 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
2907 Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
2908 perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
2910 void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
2917 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
2926 Unsets the UTF8 status of an SV.
2928 void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
2935 Turn on the UTF8 status of an SV (the data is not changed, just the flag).
2936 Do not use frivolously.
2938 void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
2945 Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. See C<SvUVx>
2946 for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
2955 Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. Guarantees to
2956 evaluate sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvUV> otherwise.
2965 Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
2966 Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
2975 This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by
2976 sv_true() or its macro equivalent.
2978 bool sv_2bool(SV* sv)
2985 Using various gambits, try to get a CV from an SV; in addition, try if
2986 possible to set C<*st> and C<*gvp> to the stash and GV associated with it.
2988 CV* sv_2cv(SV* sv, HV** st, GV** gvp, I32 lref)
2995 Using various gambits, try to get an IO from an SV: the IO slot if its a
2996 GV; or the recursive result if we're an RV; or the IO slot of the symbol
2997 named after the PV if we're a string.
3006 Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string conversion,
3007 magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
3016 Marks an existing SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed "soon", either
3017 by an explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
3018 statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_mortalcopy>.
3020 SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
3027 Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
3028 conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)>
3038 Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3039 to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF8 as a
3042 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
3044 char* sv_2pvbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
3049 =item sv_2pvbyte_nolen
3051 Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV.
3052 May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF8 as a side-effect.
3054 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro.
3056 char* sv_2pvbyte_nolen(SV* sv)
3063 Return a pointer to the UTF8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3064 to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF8 as a side-effect.
3066 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
3068 char* sv_2pvutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
3073 =item sv_2pvutf8_nolen
3075 Return a pointer to the UTF8-encoded representation of the SV.
3076 May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF8 as a side-effect.
3078 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro.
3080 char* sv_2pvutf8_nolen(SV* sv)
3087 Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
3088 If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a string
3090 Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro. C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg>
3091 usually end up here too.
3093 char* sv_2pv_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
3100 Like C<sv_2pv()>, but doesn't return the length too. You should usually
3101 use the macro wrapper C<SvPV_nolen(sv)> instead.
3102 char* sv_2pv_nolen(SV* sv)
3109 Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
3110 conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)>
3120 Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
3123 int sv_backoff(SV* sv)
3130 Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package
3131 must be designated by its stash (see C<gv_stashpv()>). The reference count
3132 of the SV is unaffected.
3134 SV* sv_bless(SV* sv, HV* stash)
3141 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
3142 If the SV has the UTF8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
3143 valid UTF8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
3145 void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
3152 Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted
3153 output to an SV. If the appended data contains "wide" characters
3154 (including, but not limited to, SVs with a UTF-8 PV formatted with %s,
3155 and characters >255 formatted with %c), the original SV might get
3156 upgraded to UTF-8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic.
3157 C<SvSETMAGIC()> must typically be called after calling this function
3158 to handle 'set' magic.
3160 void sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
3167 Like C<sv_catpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3169 void sv_catpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
3176 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
3177 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
3178 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
3179 Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
3181 void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
3186 =item sv_catpvn_flags
3188 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
3189 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
3190 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
3191 If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<dsv> if
3192 appropriate, else not. C<sv_catpvn> and C<sv_catpvn_nomg> are implemented
3193 in terms of this function.
3195 void sv_catpvn_flags(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len, I32 flags)
3202 Like C<sv_catpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3204 void sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
3211 Like C<sv_catpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3213 void sv_catpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
3220 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
3221 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. Handles 'get' magic, but
3222 not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catsv_mg>.
3224 void sv_catsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
3229 =item sv_catsv_flags
3231 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
3232 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC>
3233 bit set, will C<mg_get> on the SVs if appropriate, else not. C<sv_catsv>
3234 and C<sv_catsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
3236 void sv_catsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags)
3243 Like C<sv_catsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3245 void sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
3252 Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
3253 SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
3254 the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
3255 string. Uses the "OOK hack".
3257 void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
3264 Clear an SV: call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body,
3265 and free the body itself. The SV's head is I<not> freed, although
3266 its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed
3267 to be live during global destruction etc.
3268 This function should only be called when REFCNT is zero. Most of the time
3269 you'll want to call C<sv_free()> (or its macro wrapper C<SvREFCNT_dec>)
3272 void sv_clear(SV* sv)
3279 Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
3280 string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
3281 C<sv2>. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
3282 coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>.
3284 I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
3291 Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is UTF-8 and
3292 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings
3293 if necessary. See also C<sv_cmp_locale>. See also C<sv_cmp>.
3295 I32 sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
3302 Add Collate Transform magic to an SV if it doesn't already have it.
3304 Any scalar variable may carry PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic that contains the
3305 scalar data of the variable, but transformed to such a format that a normal
3306 memory comparison can be used to compare the data according to the locale
3309 char* sv_collxfrm(SV* sv, STRLEN* nxp)
3316 Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
3317 if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
3324 =item sv_derived_from
3326 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified
3327 class. This is the function that implements C<UNIVERSAL::isa>. It works
3328 for class names as well as for objects.
3330 bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
3333 Found in file universal.c
3337 Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
3338 identical. Is UTF-8 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will
3339 coerce its args to strings if necessary.
3341 I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
3346 =item sv_force_normal
3348 Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
3349 a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
3350 an xpvmg. See also C<sv_force_normal_flags>.
3352 void sv_force_normal(SV *sv)
3357 =item sv_force_normal_flags
3359 Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
3360 a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
3361 an xpvmg. The C<flags> parameter gets passed to C<sv_unref_flags()>
3362 when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function with flags set to 0.
3364 void sv_force_normal_flags(SV *sv, U32 flags)
3371 Decrement an SV's reference count, and if it drops to zero, call
3372 C<sv_clear> to invoke destructors and free up any memory used by
3373 the body; finally, deallocate the SV's head itself.
3374 Normally called via a wrapper macro C<SvREFCNT_dec>.
3376 void sv_free(SV* sv)
3383 Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
3384 appending to the currently-stored string.
3386 char* sv_gets(SV* sv, PerlIO* fp, I32 append)
3393 Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
3394 upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
3395 Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
3397 char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
3404 Auto-increment of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
3405 if necessary. Handles 'get' magic.
3414 Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
3415 the Perl substr() function.
3417 void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
3424 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
3425 class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
3426 an inheritance relationship.
3428 int sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)
3435 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
3436 object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
3439 int sv_isobject(SV* sv)
3446 A private implementation of the C<SvIVx> macro for compilers which can't
3447 cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
3456 Returns the length of the string in the SV. Handles magic and type
3457 coercion. See also C<SvCUR>, which gives raw access to the xpv_cur slot.
3459 STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
3466 Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
3467 UTF8 bytes as a single character. Handles magic and type coercion.
3469 STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)
3476 Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
3477 then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
3479 C<name> is assumed to contain an C<SV*> if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)>
3481 void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
3488 Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
3489 The new SV is marked as mortal. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an
3490 explicit call to FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as
3491 statement boundaries. See also C<sv_newmortal> and C<sv_2mortal>.
3493 SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
3500 Creates a new null SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is
3501 set to 1. It will be destroyed "soon", either by an explicit call to
3502 FREETMPS, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries.
3503 See also C<sv_mortalcopy> and C<sv_2mortal>.
3512 Increment an SV's reference count. Use the C<SvREFCNT_inc()> wrapper
3515 SV* sv_newref(SV* sv)
3522 A private implementation of the C<SvNVx> macro for compilers which can't
3523 cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
3532 Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of bytes from the
3533 start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of UTF8 chars.
3534 Handles magic and type coercion.
3536 void sv_pos_b2u(SV* sv, I32* offsetp)
3543 Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of UTF8 chars from
3544 the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if
3545 lenp is non-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from
3546 the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles magic and
3549 void sv_pos_u2b(SV* sv, I32* offsetp, I32* lenp)
3556 A private implementation of the C<SvPV_nolen> macro for compilers which can't
3557 cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
3566 A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro for compilers
3567 which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
3570 char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv)
3577 A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte> macro for compilers
3578 which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
3581 char* sv_pvbyten(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
3586 =item sv_pvbyten_force
3588 A private implementation of the C<SvPVbytex_force> macro for compilers
3589 which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
3592 char* sv_pvbyten_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
3599 A private implementation of the C<SvPV> macro for compilers which can't
3600 cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
3602 char* sv_pvn(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
3609 Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
3610 A private implementation of the C<SvPV_force> macro for compilers which
3611 can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
3613 char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
3618 =item sv_pvn_force_flags
3620 Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
3621 If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if
3622 appropriate, else not. C<sv_pvn_force> and C<sv_pvn_force_nomg> are
3623 implemented in terms of this function.
3624 You normally want to use the various wrapper macros instead: see
3625 C<SvPV_force> and C<SvPV_force_nomg>
3627 char* sv_pvn_force_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags)
3634 A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro for compilers
3635 which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
3638 char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv)
3645 A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8> macro for compilers
3646 which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
3649 char* sv_pvutf8n(SV *sv, STRLEN *len)
3654 =item sv_pvutf8n_force
3656 A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8_force> macro for compilers
3657 which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
3660 char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
3665 =item sv_recode_to_utf8
3667 The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
3668 of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
3669 will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
3671 If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
3672 is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
3673 an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
3674 (See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
3676 The PV of the sv is returned.
3678 char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
3685 Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
3687 char* sv_reftype(SV* sv, int ob)
3694 Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
3695 The target SV physically takes over ownership of the body of the source SV
3696 and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns,
3697 and any magic in the source is discarded.
3698 Note that this is a rather specialist SV copying operation; most of the
3699 time you'll want to use C<sv_setsv> or one of its many macro front-ends.
3701 void sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv)
3706 =item sv_report_used
3708 Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid).
3710 void sv_report_used()
3717 Underlying implementation for the C<reset> Perl function.
3718 Note that the perl-level function is vaguely deprecated.
3720 void sv_reset(char* s, HV* stash)
3727 Weaken a reference: set the C<SvWEAKREF> flag on this RV; give the
3728 referred-to SV C<PERL_MAGIC_backref> magic if it hasn't already; and
3729 push a back-reference to this RV onto the array of backreferences
3730 associated with that magic.
3732 SV* sv_rvweaken(SV *sv)
3739 Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
3740 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
3742 void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
3749 Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3751 void sv_setiv_mg(SV *sv, IV i)
3758 Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
3759 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
3761 void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
3768 Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3770 void sv_setnv_mg(SV *sv, NV num)
3777 Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not
3778 handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpv_mg>.
3780 void sv_setpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
3787 Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and sets an SV to the formatted
3788 output. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
3790 void sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
3797 Like C<sv_setpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3799 void sv_setpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
3806 Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value.
3807 Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpviv_mg>.
3809 void sv_setpviv(SV* sv, IV num)
3816 Like C<sv_setpviv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3818 void sv_setpviv_mg(SV *sv, IV iv)
3825 Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
3826 bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
3828 void sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
3835 Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3837 void sv_setpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
3844 Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3846 void sv_setpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
3853 Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
3854 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
3855 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
3856 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
3857 will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
3859 SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
3866 Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
3867 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
3868 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
3869 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
3870 will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
3872 SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
3879 Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
3880 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
3881 the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
3882 into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
3883 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
3884 will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
3886 Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
3887 objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
3889 Note that C<sv_setref_pvn> copies the string while this copies the pointer.
3891 SV* sv_setref_pv(SV* rv, const char* classname, void* pv)
3898 Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The length of the
3899 string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
3900 an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
3901 argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
3902 C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have
3903 a reference count of 1.
3905 Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
3907 SV* sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n)
3914 Copies an unsigned integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
3915 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
3916 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
3917 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
3918 will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
3920 SV* sv_setref_uv(SV* rv, const char* classname, UV uv)
3927 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
3928 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
3929 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3930 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
3931 content of the destination.
3933 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
3934 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
3935 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
3938 void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
3943 =item sv_setsv_flags
3945 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
3946 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
3947 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3948 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
3949 content of the destination.
3950 If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
3951 C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_setsv> and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are
3952 implemented in terms of this function.
3954 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
3955 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
3956 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
3958 This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
3959 copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
3961 void sv_setsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags)
3968 Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3970 void sv_setsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
3977 Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
3978 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
3980 void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
3987 Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3989 void sv_setuv_mg(SV *sv, UV u)
3996 Taint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_on> instead.
3997 void sv_taint(SV* sv)
4004 Test an SV for taintedness. Use C<SvTAINTED> instead.
4005 bool sv_tainted(SV* sv)
4012 Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
4013 Use the C<SvTRUE> macro instead, which may call C<sv_true()> or may
4014 instead use an in-line version.
4023 Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
4025 int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)
4032 Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
4033 whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
4034 as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. This is C<sv_unref_flags> with the C<flag>
4035 being zero. See C<SvROK_off>.
4037 void sv_unref(SV* sv)
4042 =item sv_unref_flags
4044 Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
4045 whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
4046 as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. The C<cflags> argument can contain
4047 C<SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF> to force the reference count to be decremented
4048 (otherwise the decrementing is conditional on the reference count being
4049 different from one or the reference being a readonly SV).
4052 void sv_unref_flags(SV* sv, U32 flags)
4059 Untaint an SV. Use C<SvTAINTED_off> instead.
4060 void sv_untaint(SV* sv)
4067 Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
4068 SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
4069 You generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper. See also C<svtype>.
4071 bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
4078 Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the string is
4079 stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string.
4080 The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated by C<malloc>. The
4081 string length, C<len>, must be supplied. This function will realloc the
4082 memory pointed to by C<ptr>, so that pointer should not be freed or used by
4083 the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic.
4084 See C<sv_usepvn_mg>.
4086 void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
4093 Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4095 void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
4100 =item sv_utf8_decode
4102 Convert the octets in the PV from UTF-8 to chars. Scan for validity and then
4103 turn off SvUTF8 if needed so that we see characters. Used as a building block
4104 for decode_utf8 in Encode.xs
4106 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
4107 removed without notice.
4109 bool sv_utf8_decode(SV *sv)
4114 =item sv_utf8_downgrade
4116 Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding.
4117 This may not be possible if the PV contains non-byte encoding characters;
4118 if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
4121 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
4122 removed without notice.
4124 bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)
4129 =item sv_utf8_encode
4131 Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the C<SvUTF8>
4132 flag so that it looks like octets again. Used as a building block
4133 for encode_utf8 in Encode.xs
4135 void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
4140 =item sv_utf8_upgrade
4142 Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
4143 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
4144 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
4145 if all the bytes have hibit clear.
4147 STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
4152 =item sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
4154 Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
4155 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
4156 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
4157 if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
4158 will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
4159 C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
4161 STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
4168 A private implementation of the C<SvUVx> macro for compilers which can't
4169 cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
4178 Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
4179 to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
4180 missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
4181 C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
4184 Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_catpvf> and C<sv_catpvf_mg>.
4186 void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
4193 Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
4196 Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_setpvf> and C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
4198 void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
4205 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
4206 XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
4207 L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
4212 Found in file XSUB.h
4216 Converts the specified character to lowercase.
4218 char toLOWER(char ch)
4221 Found in file handy.h
4225 Converts the specified character to uppercase.
4227 char toUPPER(char ch)
4230 Found in file handy.h
4234 The "p" contains the pointer to the UTF-8 string encoding
4235 the character that is being converted.
4237 The "ustrp" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the
4238 conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
4241 The "swash" is a pointer to the swash to use.
4243 The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
4244 $utf8::ToLower, which is stored in lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl,
4245 and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl.
4247 The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means
4248 the hash %utf8::ToSpecLower, which is stored in the same file,
4249 lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl, and also loaded by SWASHGET. The access
4250 to the hash is by Perl_to_utf8_case().
4252 UV to_utf8_case(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swash, char *normal, char *special)
4255 Found in file utf8.c
4257 =item utf8n_to_uvchr
4259 Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
4260 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
4261 length, in bytes, of that character.
4263 Allows length and flags to be passed to low level routine.
4265 UV utf8n_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
4268 Found in file utf8.c
4270 =item utf8n_to_uvuni
4272 Bottom level UTF-8 decode routine.
4273 Returns the unicode code point value of the first character in the string C<s>
4274 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
4275 C<retlen> will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
4277 If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour
4278 is dependent on the value of C<flags>: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY,
4279 it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function
4280 will silently just set C<retlen> to C<-1> and return zero. If the
4281 C<flags> does not contain UTF8_CHECK_ONLY, warnings about
4282 malformations will be given, C<retlen> will be set to the expected
4283 length of the UTF-8 character in bytes, and zero will be returned.
4285 The C<flags> can also contain various flags to allow deviations from
4286 the strict UTF-8 encoding (see F<utf8.h>).
4288 Most code should use utf8_to_uvchr() rather than call this directly.
4290 UV utf8n_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
4293 Found in file utf8.c
4297 Returns the number of UTF8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
4300 WARNING: use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the
4303 IV utf8_distance(U8 *a, U8 *b)
4306 Found in file utf8.c
4310 Return the UTF-8 pointer C<s> displaced by C<off> characters, either
4311 forward or backward.
4313 WARNING: do not use the following unless you *know* C<off> is within
4314 the UTF-8 data pointed to by C<s> *and* that on entry C<s> is aligned
4315 on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character.
4317 U8* utf8_hop(U8 *s, I32 off)
4320 Found in file utf8.c
4324 Return the length of the UTF-8 char encoded string C<s> in characters.
4325 Stops at C<e> (inclusive). If C<e E<lt> s> or if the scan would end
4326 up past C<e>, croaks.
4328 STRLEN utf8_length(U8* s, U8 *e)
4331 Found in file utf8.c
4335 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
4336 Unlike C<bytes_to_utf8>, this over-writes the original string, and
4337 updates len to contain the new length.
4338 Returns zero on failure, setting C<len> to -1.
4340 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
4341 removed without notice.
4343 U8* utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
4346 Found in file utf8.c
4350 Returns the native character value of the first character in the string C<s>
4351 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
4352 length, in bytes, of that character.
4354 If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
4355 returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
4357 UV utf8_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
4360 Found in file utf8.c
4364 Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string C<s>
4365 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
4366 length, in bytes, of that character.
4368 This function should only be used when returned UV is considered
4369 an index into the Unicode semantic tables (e.g. swashes).
4371 If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
4372 returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
4374 UV utf8_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
4377 Found in file utf8.c
4381 Adds the UTF8 representation of the Native codepoint C<uv> to the end
4382 of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
4383 bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
4384 end of the new character. In other words,
4386 d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, uv);
4388 is the recommended wide native character-aware way of saying
4392 U8* uvchr_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
4395 Found in file utf8.c
4399 Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
4400 of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
4401 bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
4402 end of the new character. In other words,
4404 d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
4406 is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
4410 U8* uvuni_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
4413 Found in file utf8.c
4417 This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
4418 function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
4421 void warn(const char* pat, ...)
4424 Found in file util.c
4428 Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
4429 'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
4438 Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
4439 'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
4448 Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
4449 indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
4452 void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
4459 Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
4460 handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
4469 Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
4479 Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
4483 Found in file XSUB.h
4487 Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
4488 handled by C<xsubpp>.
4490 void XSRETURN(int nitems)
4493 Found in file XSUB.h
4495 =item XSRETURN_EMPTY
4497 Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
4502 Found in file XSUB.h
4506 Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
4508 void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
4511 Found in file XSUB.h
4515 Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
4520 Found in file XSUB.h
4524 Return an double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
4526 void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
4529 Found in file XSUB.h
4533 Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
4535 void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
4538 Found in file XSUB.h
4540 =item XSRETURN_UNDEF
4542 Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
4547 Found in file XSUB.h
4551 Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
4556 Found in file XSUB.h
4560 Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
4561 value is stored in a new mortal SV.
4563 void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
4566 Found in file XSUB.h
4570 Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
4573 void XST_mNO(int pos)
4576 Found in file XSUB.h
4580 Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
4581 is stored in a new mortal SV.
4583 void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
4586 Found in file XSUB.h
4590 Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
4591 The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
4593 void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
4596 Found in file XSUB.h
4600 Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
4603 void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
4606 Found in file XSUB.h
4610 Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
4613 void XST_mYES(int pos)
4616 Found in file XSUB.h
4620 The version identifier for an XS module. This is usually
4621 handled automatically by C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. See C<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>.
4624 Found in file XSUB.h
4626 =item XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4628 Macro to verify that a PM module's $VERSION variable matches the XS
4629 module's C<XS_VERSION> variable. This is usually handled automatically by
4630 C<xsubpp>. See L<perlxs/"The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword">.
4632 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK;
4635 Found in file XSUB.h
4639 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
4640 destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
4642 void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
4645 Found in file handy.h
4651 Until May 1997, this document was maintained by Jeff Okamoto
4652 <okamoto@corp.hp.com>. It is now maintained as part of Perl itself.
4654 With lots of help and suggestions from Dean Roehrich, Malcolm Beattie,
4655 Andreas Koenig, Paul Hudson, Ilya Zakharevich, Paul Marquess, Neil
4656 Bowers, Matthew Green, Tim Bunce, Spider Boardman, Ulrich Pfeifer,
4657 Stephen McCamant, and Gurusamy Sarathy.
4659 API Listing originally by Dean Roehrich <roehrich@cray.com>.
4661 Updated to be autogenerated from comments in the source by Benjamin Stuhl.
4665 perlguts(1), perlxs(1), perlxstut(1), perlintern(1)
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blob