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c165c82a JH |
1 | =for maintainers |
2 | Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT! | |
4e860d0a | 3 | |
f102b883 TC |
4 | =head1 NAME |
5 | ||
6 | perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones | |
7 | ||
f102b883 TC |
8 | =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY |
9 | ||
7ef5744c | 10 | Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described |
19799a22 | 11 | below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library |
7ef5744c | 12 | files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be |
19799a22 GS |
13 | autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated |
14 | by the installation process. You may also discover files in the | |
15 | library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are | |
16 | old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still | |
17 | run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard | |
18 | modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up | |
19 | as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may | |
20 | already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.) | |
21 | The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion, | |
22 | but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof. | |
f102b883 TC |
23 | |
24 | =head2 Pragmatic Modules | |
25 | ||
19799a22 GS |
26 | They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they |
27 | tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually | |
28 | work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these | |
29 | are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them | |
30 | by saying: | |
f102b883 TC |
31 | |
32 | no integer; | |
33 | no strict 'refs'; | |
4438c4b7 | 34 | no warnings; |
f102b883 TC |
35 | |
36 | which lasts until the end of that BLOCK. | |
37 | ||
19799a22 GS |
38 | Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the |
39 | C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, | |
77ca0c92 | 40 | like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a |
19799a22 GS |
41 | variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than |
42 | just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file | |
43 | for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no | |
44 | vars> or C<no subs>. | |
f102b883 TC |
45 | |
46 | The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation). | |
47 | ||
48 | =over 12 | |
49 | ||
a4373870 CW |
50 | =item assertions |
51 | ||
5c5c2539 | 52 | Select assertions in blocks of code |
a4373870 CW |
53 | |
54 | =item assertions::activate | |
55 | ||
5c5c2539 | 56 | Activate assertions |
a4373870 | 57 | |
09bef843 SB |
58 | =item attributes |
59 | ||
9e107c59 | 60 | Get/set subroutine or variable attributes |
09bef843 | 61 | |
ec90690f TS |
62 | =item attrs |
63 | ||
64 | Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) | |
65 | ||
19799a22 GS |
66 | =item autouse |
67 | ||
9e107c59 | 68 | Postpone load of modules until a function is used |
19799a22 GS |
69 | |
70 | =item base | |
71 | ||
f99d9048 | 72 | Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time |
f102b883 | 73 | |
fa1c7b03 JH |
74 | =item bigint |
75 | ||
7ef5744c | 76 | Transparent BigInteger support for Perl |
fa1c7b03 JH |
77 | |
78 | =item bignum | |
79 | ||
80 | Transparent BigNumber support for Perl | |
81 | ||
82 | =item bigrat | |
83 | ||
82eec310 | 84 | Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl |
fa1c7b03 | 85 | |
f102b883 TC |
86 | =item blib |
87 | ||
19799a22 GS |
88 | Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package |
89 | ||
2e1d04bc | 90 | =item bytes |
9e107c59 | 91 | |
2e1d04bc | 92 | Force byte semantics rather than character semantics |
9e107c59 GS |
93 | |
94 | =item charnames | |
95 | ||
ec90690f | 96 | Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes |
9e107c59 | 97 | |
19799a22 GS |
98 | =item constant |
99 | ||
9e107c59 | 100 | Declare constants |
f102b883 TC |
101 | |
102 | =item diagnostics | |
103 | ||
f262848d | 104 | Produce verbose warning diagnostics |
19799a22 | 105 | |
1bb908c3 JH |
106 | =item encoding |
107 | ||
ec90690f | 108 | Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8 |
1bb908c3 | 109 | |
19799a22 GS |
110 | =item fields |
111 | ||
2e1d04bc | 112 | Compile-time class fields |
19799a22 GS |
113 | |
114 | =item filetest | |
115 | ||
2e1d04bc | 116 | Control the filetest permission operators |
f102b883 | 117 | |
d63e6bb6 JH |
118 | =item if |
119 | ||
120 | C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds | |
121 | ||
f102b883 TC |
122 | =item integer |
123 | ||
4e860d0a | 124 | Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point |
f102b883 TC |
125 | |
126 | =item less | |
127 | ||
2e1d04bc | 128 | Request less of something from the compiler |
f102b883 | 129 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
130 | =item lib |
131 | ||
132 | Manipulate @INC at compile time | |
133 | ||
f102b883 TC |
134 | =item locale |
135 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
136 | Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations |
137 | ||
138 | =item open | |
139 | ||
cb9c8b59 | 140 | Set default PerlIO layers for input and output |
f102b883 | 141 | |
ec90690f TS |
142 | =item ops |
143 | ||
144 | Restrict unsafe operations when compiling | |
145 | ||
f102b883 TC |
146 | =item overload |
147 | ||
2e1d04bc | 148 | Package for overloading perl operations |
f102b883 | 149 | |
d63e6bb6 JH |
150 | =item re |
151 | ||
152 | Alter regular expression behaviour | |
153 | ||
f102b883 TC |
154 | =item sigtrap |
155 | ||
9e107c59 | 156 | Enable simple signal handling |
f102b883 | 157 | |
1bb908c3 JH |
158 | =item sort |
159 | ||
160 | Control sort() behaviour | |
161 | ||
f102b883 TC |
162 | =item strict |
163 | ||
9e107c59 | 164 | Restrict unsafe constructs |
f102b883 TC |
165 | |
166 | =item subs | |
167 | ||
2e1d04bc | 168 | Predeclare sub names |
f102b883 | 169 | |
ec90690f TS |
170 | =item threads |
171 | ||
172 | Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl | |
173 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
174 | =item threads::shared |
175 | ||
176 | Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads | |
177 | ||
19799a22 | 178 | =item utf8 |
f102b883 | 179 | |
1fa7ca25 | 180 | Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code |
f102b883 TC |
181 | |
182 | =item vars | |
183 | ||
2e1d04bc | 184 | Predeclare global variable names (obsolete) |
f102b883 | 185 | |
7eaa0fdd RGS |
186 | =item version |
187 | ||
188 | Perl extension for Version Objects | |
189 | ||
1bb908c3 JH |
190 | =item vmsish |
191 | ||
192 | Control VMS-specific language features | |
193 | ||
4438c4b7 | 194 | =item warnings |
0453d815 | 195 | |
9e107c59 | 196 | Control optional warnings |
19799a22 | 197 | |
13a2d996 SP |
198 | =item warnings::register |
199 | ||
200 | Warnings import function | |
201 | ||
f102b883 TC |
202 | =back |
203 | ||
204 | =head2 Standard Modules | |
205 | ||
206 | Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined | |
207 | manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the | |
208 | Exporter module. See their own documentation for details. | |
209 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
210 | It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your |
211 | system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you | |
212 | don't have the gdbm library. | |
213 | ||
f102b883 TC |
214 | =over 12 |
215 | ||
216 | =item AnyDBM_File | |
217 | ||
2e1d04bc | 218 | Provide framework for multiple DBMs |
f102b883 | 219 | |
06a5f41f JH |
220 | =item Attribute::Handlers |
221 | ||
222 | Simpler definition of attribute handlers | |
223 | ||
f102b883 TC |
224 | =item AutoLoader |
225 | ||
9e107c59 | 226 | Load subroutines only on demand |
f102b883 TC |
227 | |
228 | =item AutoSplit | |
229 | ||
9e107c59 | 230 | Split a package for autoloading |
f102b883 | 231 | |
ec90690f TS |
232 | =item B |
233 | ||
234 | The Perl Compiler | |
235 | ||
236 | =item B::Asmdata | |
237 | ||
238 | Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode | |
239 | ||
240 | =item B::Assembler | |
241 | ||
242 | Assemble Perl bytecode | |
243 | ||
244 | =item B::Bblock | |
245 | ||
246 | Walk basic blocks | |
247 | ||
248 | =item B::Bytecode | |
249 | ||
250 | Perl compiler's bytecode backend | |
251 | ||
252 | =item B::C | |
253 | ||
254 | Perl compiler's C backend | |
255 | ||
256 | =item B::CC | |
257 | ||
258 | Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend | |
259 | ||
260 | =item B::Concise | |
261 | ||
262 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops | |
263 | ||
264 | =item B::Debug | |
265 | ||
266 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops | |
267 | ||
268 | =item B::Deparse | |
269 | ||
270 | Perl compiler backend to produce perl code | |
271 | ||
272 | =item B::Disassembler | |
273 | ||
274 | Disassemble Perl bytecode | |
275 | ||
276 | =item B::Lint | |
277 | ||
278 | Perl lint | |
279 | ||
280 | =item B::Showlex | |
281 | ||
282 | Show lexical variables used in functions or files | |
283 | ||
284 | =item B::Stackobj | |
285 | ||
286 | Helper module for CC backend | |
287 | ||
288 | =item B::Stash | |
289 | ||
290 | Show what stashes are loaded | |
291 | ||
292 | =item B::Terse | |
293 | ||
294 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops | |
295 | ||
296 | =item B::Xref | |
297 | ||
298 | Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs | |
299 | ||
f102b883 TC |
300 | =item Benchmark |
301 | ||
2e1d04bc | 302 | Benchmark running times of Perl code |
9e107c59 | 303 | |
ec90690f TS |
304 | =item ByteLoader |
305 | ||
306 | Load byte compiled perl code | |
307 | ||
19799a22 GS |
308 | =item CGI |
309 | ||
2e1d04bc | 310 | Simple Common Gateway Interface Class |
19799a22 GS |
311 | |
312 | =item CGI::Apache | |
313 | ||
2e1d04bc | 314 | Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm |
19799a22 GS |
315 | |
316 | =item CGI::Carp | |
317 | ||
318 | CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log | |
319 | ||
320 | =item CGI::Cookie | |
321 | ||
322 | Interface to Netscape Cookies | |
323 | ||
324 | =item CGI::Fast | |
325 | ||
326 | CGI Interface for Fast CGI | |
327 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
328 | =item CGI::Pretty |
329 | ||
330 | Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code | |
331 | ||
19799a22 GS |
332 | =item CGI::Push |
333 | ||
334 | Simple Interface to Server Push | |
335 | ||
336 | =item CGI::Switch | |
337 | ||
2e1d04bc | 338 | Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch |
19799a22 | 339 | |
4e860d0a JH |
340 | =item CGI::Util |
341 | ||
342 | Internal utilities used by CGI module | |
343 | ||
f102b883 TC |
344 | =item CPAN |
345 | ||
2e1d04bc | 346 | Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites |
f102b883 TC |
347 | |
348 | =item CPAN::FirstTime | |
349 | ||
2e1d04bc | 350 | Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization |
f102b883 TC |
351 | |
352 | =item CPAN::Nox | |
353 | ||
19799a22 | 354 | Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module |
f102b883 TC |
355 | |
356 | =item Carp | |
357 | ||
2e1d04bc | 358 | Warn of errors (from perspective of caller) |
9e107c59 | 359 | |
4e860d0a JH |
360 | =item Carp::Heavy |
361 | ||
f99d9048 | 362 | Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside |
4e860d0a JH |
363 | |
364 | =item Class::ISA | |
365 | ||
366 | Report the search path for a class's ISA tree | |
367 | ||
f102b883 TC |
368 | =item Class::Struct |
369 | ||
9e107c59 | 370 | Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes |
f102b883 | 371 | |
416e7255 JH |
372 | =item Config |
373 | ||
374 | Access Perl configuration information | |
375 | ||
f102b883 TC |
376 | =item Cwd |
377 | ||
9e107c59 | 378 | Get pathname of current working directory |
f102b883 | 379 | |
19799a22 GS |
380 | =item DB |
381 | ||
2e1d04bc | 382 | Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to |
19799a22 | 383 | |
f99d9048 RGS |
384 | =item DBM_Filter |
385 | ||
386 | Filter DBM keys/values | |
387 | ||
ec90690f TS |
388 | =item DB_File |
389 | ||
390 | Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x | |
391 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
392 | =item Data::Dumper |
393 | ||
394 | Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval> | |
395 | ||
396 | =item Devel::DProf | |
397 | ||
398 | A Perl code profiler | |
399 | ||
a4373870 CW |
400 | =item Devel::PPPort |
401 | ||
402 | Perl/Pollution/Portability | |
403 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
404 | =item Devel::Peek |
405 | ||
406 | A data debugging tool for the XS programmer | |
407 | ||
f102b883 TC |
408 | =item Devel::SelfStubber |
409 | ||
9e107c59 | 410 | Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module |
f102b883 | 411 | |
4e860d0a JH |
412 | =item Digest |
413 | ||
414 | Modules that calculate message digests | |
415 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
416 | =item Digest::MD5 |
417 | ||
418 | Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm | |
419 | ||
f262848d RGS |
420 | =item Digest::base |
421 | ||
422 | Digest base class | |
423 | ||
f102b883 TC |
424 | =item DirHandle |
425 | ||
9e107c59 | 426 | Supply object methods for directory handles |
f102b883 | 427 | |
19799a22 GS |
428 | =item Dumpvalue |
429 | ||
2e1d04bc | 430 | Provides screen dump of Perl data. |
f102b883 | 431 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
432 | =item DynaLoader |
433 | ||
434 | Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code | |
435 | ||
ec90690f TS |
436 | =item Encode |
437 | ||
438 | Character encodings | |
439 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
440 | =item Encode::Alias |
441 | ||
442 | Alias definitions to encodings | |
443 | ||
444 | =item Encode::Byte | |
445 | ||
446 | Single Byte Encodings | |
447 | ||
448 | =item Encode::CJKConstants | |
449 | ||
450 | Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* | |
451 | ||
452 | =item Encode::CN | |
453 | ||
454 | China-based Chinese Encodings | |
455 | ||
456 | =item Encode::CN::HZ | |
457 | ||
458 | Internally used by Encode::CN | |
459 | ||
460 | =item Encode::Config | |
461 | ||
462 | Internally used by Encode | |
463 | ||
464 | =item Encode::EBCDIC | |
465 | ||
466 | EBCDIC Encodings | |
467 | ||
468 | =item Encode::Encoder | |
469 | ||
470 | Object Oriented Encoder | |
471 | ||
472 | =item Encode::Encoding | |
473 | ||
474 | Encode Implementation Base Class | |
475 | ||
476 | =item Encode::Guess | |
477 | ||
478 | Guesses encoding from data | |
479 | ||
480 | =item Encode::JP | |
481 | ||
482 | Japanese Encodings | |
483 | ||
484 | =item Encode::JP::H2Z | |
485 | ||
486 | Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP* | |
487 | ||
488 | =item Encode::JP::JIS7 | |
489 | ||
490 | Internally used by Encode::JP | |
491 | ||
492 | =item Encode::KR | |
493 | ||
494 | Korean Encodings | |
495 | ||
496 | =item Encode::KR::2022_KR | |
497 | ||
498 | Internally used by Encode::KR | |
499 | ||
500 | =item Encode::MIME::Header | |
501 | ||
502 | MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding | |
503 | ||
504 | =item Encode::PerlIO | |
505 | ||
506 | A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO | |
507 | ||
508 | =item Encode::Supported | |
509 | ||
510 | Encodings supported by Encode | |
511 | ||
512 | =item Encode::Symbol | |
513 | ||
514 | Symbol Encodings | |
515 | ||
516 | =item Encode::TW | |
517 | ||
518 | Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings | |
519 | ||
520 | =item Encode::Unicode | |
521 | ||
522 | Various Unicode Transformation Formats | |
523 | ||
8b9c797b JH |
524 | =item Encode::Unicode::UTF7 |
525 | ||
526 | UTF-7 encoding | |
527 | ||
f102b883 TC |
528 | =item English |
529 | ||
2e1d04bc | 530 | Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables |
f102b883 TC |
531 | |
532 | =item Env | |
533 | ||
2e1d04bc | 534 | Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays |
f102b883 | 535 | |
416e7255 JH |
536 | =item Errno |
537 | ||
538 | System errno constants | |
539 | ||
f102b883 TC |
540 | =item Exporter |
541 | ||
2e1d04bc | 542 | Implements default import method for modules |
9e107c59 GS |
543 | |
544 | =item Exporter::Heavy | |
545 | ||
546 | Exporter guts | |
19799a22 GS |
547 | |
548 | =item ExtUtils::Command | |
549 | ||
2e1d04bc | 550 | Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. |
f102b883 | 551 | |
ec90690f TS |
552 | =item ExtUtils::Command::MM |
553 | ||
554 | Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles | |
555 | ||
422a9aca JH |
556 | =item ExtUtils::Constant |
557 | ||
558 | Generate XS code to import C header constants | |
559 | ||
f102b883 TC |
560 | =item ExtUtils::Embed |
561 | ||
2e1d04bc | 562 | Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications |
f102b883 TC |
563 | |
564 | =item ExtUtils::Install | |
565 | ||
9e107c59 | 566 | Install files from here to there |
f102b883 | 567 | |
19799a22 GS |
568 | =item ExtUtils::Installed |
569 | ||
570 | Inventory management of installed modules | |
571 | ||
f102b883 TC |
572 | =item ExtUtils::Liblist |
573 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
574 | Determine libraries to use and how to use them |
575 | ||
ec90690f TS |
576 | =item ExtUtils::MM |
577 | ||
578 | OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass | |
579 | ||
580 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Any | |
581 | ||
639f8edf | 582 | Platform-agnostic MM methods |
ec90690f | 583 | |
d63e6bb6 JH |
584 | =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS |
585 | ||
586 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
587 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
588 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin |
589 | ||
2e1d04bc | 590 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
f102b883 | 591 | |
ec90690f TS |
592 | =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS |
593 | ||
594 | DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix | |
595 | ||
596 | =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS | |
597 | ||
598 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
599 | ||
5d80033a JH |
600 | =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5 |
601 | ||
602 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
603 | ||
f102b883 TC |
604 | =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2 |
605 | ||
2e1d04bc | 606 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
f102b883 | 607 | |
ec90690f TS |
608 | =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN |
609 | ||
610 | U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix | |
611 | ||
f102b883 TC |
612 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix |
613 | ||
9e107c59 | 614 | Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
f102b883 TC |
615 | |
616 | =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS | |
617 | ||
2e1d04bc | 618 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
19799a22 GS |
619 | |
620 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32 | |
621 | ||
2e1d04bc | 622 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
f102b883 | 623 | |
ec90690f TS |
624 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95 |
625 | ||
626 | Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X | |
627 | ||
628 | =item ExtUtils::MY | |
629 | ||
630 | ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization | |
631 | ||
f102b883 TC |
632 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
633 | ||
a4373870 CW |
634 | Create a module Makefile |
635 | ||
636 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ | |
637 | ||
638 | Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker | |
639 | ||
640 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial | |
641 | ||
642 | Writing a module with MakeMaker | |
643 | ||
8b9c797b JH |
644 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes |
645 | ||
f262848d | 646 | Version-agnostic bytes.pm |
8b9c797b | 647 | |
a4373870 CW |
648 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish |
649 | ||
f262848d | 650 | Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm |
f102b883 TC |
651 | |
652 | =item ExtUtils::Manifest | |
653 | ||
9e107c59 | 654 | Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file |
f102b883 TC |
655 | |
656 | =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap | |
657 | ||
9e107c59 | 658 | Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader |
f102b883 TC |
659 | |
660 | =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists | |
661 | ||
9e107c59 | 662 | Write linker options files for dynamic extension |
f102b883 | 663 | |
19799a22 GS |
664 | =item ExtUtils::Packlist |
665 | ||
9e107c59 | 666 | Manage .packlist files |
19799a22 | 667 | |
f102b883 TC |
668 | =item ExtUtils::testlib |
669 | ||
9e107c59 | 670 | Add blib/* directories to @INC |
f102b883 | 671 | |
b6c543e3 IZ |
672 | =item Fatal |
673 | ||
9e107c59 | 674 | Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die |
b6c543e3 | 675 | |
ec90690f TS |
676 | =item Fcntl |
677 | ||
678 | Load the C Fcntl.h defines | |
679 | ||
f102b883 TC |
680 | =item File::Basename |
681 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
682 | Split a pathname into pieces |
683 | ||
684 | =item File::CheckTree | |
685 | ||
686 | Run many filetest checks on a tree | |
f102b883 | 687 | |
f102b883 TC |
688 | =item File::Compare |
689 | ||
19799a22 | 690 | Compare files or filehandles |
f102b883 TC |
691 | |
692 | =item File::Copy | |
693 | ||
19799a22 GS |
694 | Copy files or filehandles |
695 | ||
696 | =item File::DosGlob | |
697 | ||
2e1d04bc | 698 | DOS like globbing and then some |
f102b883 TC |
699 | |
700 | =item File::Find | |
701 | ||
d63e6bb6 | 702 | Traverse a directory tree. |
f102b883 | 703 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
704 | =item File::Glob |
705 | ||
706 | Perl extension for BSD glob routine | |
707 | ||
f102b883 TC |
708 | =item File::Path |
709 | ||
2e1d04bc | 710 | Create or remove directory trees |
f102b883 | 711 | |
f505c983 GS |
712 | =item File::Spec |
713 | ||
9e107c59 | 714 | Portably perform operations on file names |
f505c983 | 715 | |
06a5f41f JH |
716 | =item File::Spec::Cygwin |
717 | ||
718 | Methods for Cygwin file specs | |
719 | ||
165c0277 JH |
720 | =item File::Spec::Epoc |
721 | ||
722 | Methods for Epoc file specs | |
723 | ||
f505c983 GS |
724 | =item File::Spec::Functions |
725 | ||
9e107c59 | 726 | Portably perform operations on file names |
19799a22 GS |
727 | |
728 | =item File::Spec::Mac | |
729 | ||
1bb908c3 | 730 | File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic) |
19799a22 GS |
731 | |
732 | =item File::Spec::OS2 | |
733 | ||
9e107c59 | 734 | Methods for OS/2 file specs |
19799a22 GS |
735 | |
736 | =item File::Spec::Unix | |
737 | ||
e61ecf27 | 738 | File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules |
19799a22 GS |
739 | |
740 | =item File::Spec::VMS | |
741 | ||
9e107c59 | 742 | Methods for VMS file specs |
19799a22 GS |
743 | |
744 | =item File::Spec::Win32 | |
745 | ||
9e107c59 | 746 | Methods for Win32 file specs |
f505c983 | 747 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
748 | =item File::Temp |
749 | ||
750 | Return name and handle of a temporary file safely | |
751 | ||
f102b883 TC |
752 | =item File::stat |
753 | ||
9e107c59 | 754 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions |
f102b883 TC |
755 | |
756 | =item FileCache | |
757 | ||
9e107c59 | 758 | Keep more files open than the system permits |
f102b883 TC |
759 | |
760 | =item FileHandle | |
761 | ||
9e107c59 | 762 | Supply object methods for filehandles |
f102b883 | 763 | |
165c0277 JH |
764 | =item Filter::Simple |
765 | ||
766 | Simplified source filtering | |
767 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
768 | =item Filter::Util::Call |
769 | ||
770 | Perl Source Filter Utility Module | |
771 | ||
f102b883 TC |
772 | =item FindBin |
773 | ||
2e1d04bc | 774 | Locate directory of original perl script |
f102b883 | 775 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
776 | =item GDBM_File |
777 | ||
778 | Perl5 access to the gdbm library. | |
779 | ||
f102b883 TC |
780 | =item Getopt::Long |
781 | ||
9e107c59 | 782 | Extended processing of command line options |
f102b883 TC |
783 | |
784 | =item Getopt::Std | |
785 | ||
19799a22 | 786 | Process single-character switches with switch clustering |
f102b883 | 787 | |
d63e6bb6 JH |
788 | =item Hash::Util |
789 | ||
790 | A selection of general-utility hash subroutines | |
791 | ||
f102b883 TC |
792 | =item I18N::Collate |
793 | ||
2e1d04bc | 794 | Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale |
f102b883 | 795 | |
422a9aca JH |
796 | =item I18N::LangTags |
797 | ||
798 | Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags | |
799 | ||
800 | =item I18N::LangTags::List | |
801 | ||
4f233aa4 | 802 | Tags and names for human languages |
422a9aca | 803 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
804 | =item I18N::Langinfo |
805 | ||
806 | Query locale information | |
807 | ||
ec90690f TS |
808 | =item IO |
809 | ||
810 | Load various IO modules | |
811 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
812 | =item IO::Dir |
813 | ||
814 | Supply object methods for directory handles | |
815 | ||
816 | =item IO::File | |
817 | ||
818 | Supply object methods for filehandles | |
819 | ||
820 | =item IO::Handle | |
821 | ||
822 | Supply object methods for I/O handles | |
823 | ||
824 | =item IO::Pipe | |
825 | ||
826 | Supply object methods for pipes | |
827 | ||
828 | =item IO::Poll | |
829 | ||
830 | Object interface to system poll call | |
831 | ||
832 | =item IO::Seekable | |
833 | ||
834 | Supply seek based methods for I/O objects | |
835 | ||
836 | =item IO::Select | |
837 | ||
838 | OO interface to the select system call | |
839 | ||
840 | =item IO::Socket | |
841 | ||
842 | Object interface to socket communications | |
843 | ||
844 | =item IO::Socket::INET | |
845 | ||
846 | Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets | |
847 | ||
848 | =item IO::Socket::UNIX | |
849 | ||
850 | Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets | |
851 | ||
f102b883 TC |
852 | =item IPC::Open2 |
853 | ||
9e107c59 | 854 | Open a process for both reading and writing |
f102b883 TC |
855 | |
856 | =item IPC::Open3 | |
857 | ||
9e107c59 | 858 | Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling |
f102b883 | 859 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
860 | =item IPC::SysV |
861 | ||
862 | SysV IPC constants | |
863 | ||
864 | =item IPC::SysV::Msg | |
865 | ||
866 | SysV Msg IPC object class | |
867 | ||
868 | =item IPC::SysV::Semaphore | |
869 | ||
870 | SysV Semaphore IPC object class | |
871 | ||
872 | =item List::Util | |
873 | ||
874 | A selection of general-utility list subroutines | |
875 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
876 | =item Locale::Constants |
877 | ||
878 | Constants for Locale codes | |
879 | ||
880 | =item Locale::Country | |
881 | ||
882 | ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166) | |
883 | ||
884 | =item Locale::Currency | |
885 | ||
886 | ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217) | |
887 | ||
888 | =item Locale::Language | |
889 | ||
890 | ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639) | |
891 | ||
422a9aca JH |
892 | =item Locale::Maketext |
893 | ||
894 | Framework for localization | |
895 | ||
896 | =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 | |
897 | ||
898 | Article about software localization | |
899 | ||
d63e6bb6 JH |
900 | =item Locale::Script |
901 | ||
902 | ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924) | |
903 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
904 | =item MIME::Base64 |
905 | ||
906 | Encoding and decoding of base64 strings | |
907 | ||
908 | =item MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint | |
909 | ||
910 | Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings | |
911 | ||
f102b883 TC |
912 | =item Math::BigFloat |
913 | ||
5d80033a | 914 | Arbitrary size floating point math package |
f102b883 TC |
915 | |
916 | =item Math::BigInt | |
917 | ||
19799a22 | 918 | Arbitrary size integer math package |
f102b883 | 919 | |
d0363f02 JH |
920 | =item Math::BigInt::Calc |
921 | ||
922 | Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt | |
923 | ||
f99d9048 RGS |
924 | =item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu |
925 | ||
926 | Emulate low-level math with BigInt code | |
927 | ||
fa1c7b03 JH |
928 | =item Math::BigRat |
929 | ||
f99d9048 | 930 | Arbitrarily big rational numbers |
fa1c7b03 | 931 | |
f102b883 TC |
932 | =item Math::Complex |
933 | ||
9e107c59 | 934 | Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions |
f102b883 | 935 | |
404b15a1 CS |
936 | =item Math::Trig |
937 | ||
9e107c59 | 938 | Trigonometric functions |
f102b883 | 939 | |
5d80033a JH |
940 | =item Memoize |
941 | ||
ec90690f | 942 | Make functions faster by trading space for time |
5d80033a JH |
943 | |
944 | =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File | |
945 | ||
946 | Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use | |
947 | ||
948 | =item Memoize::Expire | |
949 | ||
950 | Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values | |
951 | ||
952 | =item Memoize::ExpireFile | |
953 | ||
954 | Test for Memoize expiration semantics | |
955 | ||
956 | =item Memoize::ExpireTest | |
957 | ||
958 | Test for Memoize expiration semantics | |
959 | ||
960 | =item Memoize::NDBM_File | |
961 | ||
962 | Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use | |
963 | ||
964 | =item Memoize::SDBM_File | |
965 | ||
966 | Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use | |
967 | ||
5d80033a JH |
968 | =item Memoize::Storable |
969 | ||
970 | Store Memoized data in Storable database | |
971 | ||
ec90690f TS |
972 | =item NDBM_File |
973 | ||
974 | Tied access to ndbm files | |
975 | ||
1fa7ca25 JH |
976 | =item NEXT |
977 | ||
7a142657 | 978 | Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch |
1fa7ca25 | 979 | |
5d80033a JH |
980 | =item Net::Cmd |
981 | ||
982 | Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc) | |
983 | ||
984 | =item Net::Config | |
985 | ||
986 | Local configuration data for libnet | |
987 | ||
988 | =item Net::Domain | |
989 | ||
990 | Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain | |
991 | ||
5d80033a JH |
992 | =item Net::FTP |
993 | ||
994 | FTP Client class | |
995 | ||
996 | =item Net::NNTP | |
997 | ||
998 | NNTP Client class | |
999 | ||
1000 | =item Net::Netrc | |
1001 | ||
1002 | OO interface to users netrc file | |
1003 | ||
5d80033a JH |
1004 | =item Net::POP3 |
1005 | ||
d63e6bb6 | 1006 | Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939) |
5d80033a | 1007 | |
f102b883 TC |
1008 | =item Net::Ping |
1009 | ||
9e107c59 | 1010 | Check a remote host for reachability |
f102b883 | 1011 | |
5d80033a JH |
1012 | =item Net::SMTP |
1013 | ||
1014 | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client | |
1015 | ||
5d80033a JH |
1016 | =item Net::Time |
1017 | ||
1018 | Time and daytime network client interface | |
1019 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1020 | =item Net::hostent |
1021 | ||
9e107c59 | 1022 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions |
f102b883 | 1023 | |
5d80033a JH |
1024 | =item Net::libnetFAQ |
1025 | ||
1026 | Libnet Frequently Asked Questions | |
1027 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1028 | =item Net::netent |
1029 | ||
9e107c59 | 1030 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions |
f102b883 TC |
1031 | |
1032 | =item Net::protoent | |
1033 | ||
9e107c59 | 1034 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions |
f102b883 TC |
1035 | |
1036 | =item Net::servent | |
1037 | ||
9e107c59 | 1038 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions |
f102b883 | 1039 | |
ec90690f TS |
1040 | =item O |
1041 | ||
1042 | Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends | |
1043 | ||
1044 | =item ODBM_File | |
1045 | ||
1046 | Tied access to odbm files | |
1047 | ||
1048 | =item Opcode | |
1049 | ||
1050 | Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code | |
1051 | ||
1052 | =item POSIX | |
1053 | ||
1054 | Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 | |
1055 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
1056 | =item PerlIO |
1057 | ||
1058 | On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space | |
1059 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
1060 | =item PerlIO::encoding |
1061 | ||
1062 | Encoding layer | |
1063 | ||
1064 | =item PerlIO::scalar | |
1065 | ||
639f8edf | 1066 | In-memory IO, scalar IO |
7ef5744c RGS |
1067 | |
1068 | =item PerlIO::via | |
1069 | ||
1070 | Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl | |
1071 | ||
c40f6c4a JH |
1072 | =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint |
1073 | ||
1074 | PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings | |
1075 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
1076 | =item Pod::Checker |
1077 | ||
1078 | Check pod documents for syntax errors | |
1079 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1080 | =item Pod::Find |
1081 | ||
1082 | Find POD documents in directory trees | |
1083 | ||
06a5f41f JH |
1084 | =item Pod::Functions |
1085 | ||
1086 | Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod | |
1087 | ||
19799a22 GS |
1088 | =item Pod::Html |
1089 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
1090 | Module to convert pod files to HTML |
1091 | ||
1092 | =item Pod::InputObjects | |
1093 | ||
2e1d04bc | 1094 | Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. |
9e107c59 | 1095 | |
13a2d996 SP |
1096 | =item Pod::LaTeX |
1097 | ||
1098 | Convert Pod data to formatted Latex | |
1099 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
1100 | =item Pod::Man |
1101 | ||
1102 | Convert POD data to formatted *roff input | |
1103 | ||
1bb908c3 JH |
1104 | =item Pod::ParseLink |
1105 | ||
248e172a | 1106 | Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text |
1bb908c3 | 1107 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1108 | =item Pod::ParseUtils |
1109 | ||
1110 | Helpers for POD parsing and conversion | |
1111 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
1112 | =item Pod::Parser |
1113 | ||
1114 | Base class for creating POD filters and translators | |
1115 | ||
a4373870 CW |
1116 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker |
1117 | ||
1118 | Let Perldoc check Pod for errors | |
1119 | ||
1120 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan | |
1121 | ||
1122 | Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages | |
1123 | ||
1124 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff | |
1125 | ||
1126 | Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff | |
1127 | ||
1128 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod | |
1129 | ||
1130 | Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod! | |
1131 | ||
1132 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf | |
1133 | ||
1134 | Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF | |
1135 | ||
1136 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToText | |
1137 | ||
1138 | Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext | |
1139 | ||
1140 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk | |
1141 | ||
1142 | Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod | |
1143 | ||
1144 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml | |
1145 | ||
1146 | Let Perldoc render Pod as XML | |
1147 | ||
1148 | =item Pod::PlainText | |
1149 | ||
1150 | Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text | |
1151 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1152 | =item Pod::Plainer |
1153 | ||
1154 | Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. | |
1155 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
1156 | =item Pod::Select |
1157 | ||
1158 | Extract selected sections of POD from input | |
19799a22 GS |
1159 | |
1160 | =item Pod::Text | |
1161 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
1162 | Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text |
1163 | ||
1164 | =item Pod::Text::Color | |
1165 | ||
1166 | Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text | |
1167 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
1168 | =item Pod::Text::Overstrike |
1169 | ||
1170 | Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text | |
1171 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1172 | =item Pod::Text::Termcap |
1173 | ||
1174 | Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes | |
1175 | ||
9e107c59 GS |
1176 | =item Pod::Usage |
1177 | ||
1178 | Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation | |
f102b883 | 1179 | |
ec90690f TS |
1180 | =item SDBM_File |
1181 | ||
1182 | Tied access to sdbm files | |
1183 | ||
1184 | =item Safe | |
1185 | ||
1186 | Compile and execute code in restricted compartments | |
1187 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
1188 | =item Scalar::Util |
1189 | ||
1190 | A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines | |
1191 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1192 | =item Search::Dict |
1193 | ||
9e107c59 | 1194 | Search for key in dictionary file |
f102b883 TC |
1195 | |
1196 | =item SelectSaver | |
1197 | ||
9e107c59 | 1198 | Save and restore selected file handle |
f102b883 TC |
1199 | |
1200 | =item SelfLoader | |
1201 | ||
9e107c59 | 1202 | Load functions only on demand |
f102b883 TC |
1203 | |
1204 | =item Shell | |
1205 | ||
2e1d04bc | 1206 | Run shell commands transparently within perl |
f102b883 | 1207 | |
ec90690f TS |
1208 | =item Socket |
1209 | ||
1210 | Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators | |
1211 | ||
1212 | =item Storable | |
1213 | ||
1214 | Persistence for Perl data structures | |
1215 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
1216 | =item Switch |
1217 | ||
1218 | A switch statement for Perl | |
1219 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1220 | =item Symbol |
1221 | ||
9e107c59 | 1222 | Manipulate Perl symbols and their names |
f102b883 | 1223 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
1224 | =item Sys::Hostname |
1225 | ||
1226 | Try every conceivable way to get hostname | |
1227 | ||
1228 | =item Sys::Syslog | |
1229 | ||
1230 | Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls | |
1231 | ||
2e1d04bc | 1232 | =item Term::ANSIColor |
f102b883 | 1233 | |
2e1d04bc | 1234 | Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences |
f102b883 TC |
1235 | |
1236 | =item Term::Cap | |
1237 | ||
2e1d04bc | 1238 | Perl termcap interface |
f102b883 TC |
1239 | |
1240 | =item Term::Complete | |
1241 | ||
2e1d04bc | 1242 | Perl word completion module |
f102b883 TC |
1243 | |
1244 | =item Term::ReadLine | |
1245 | ||
7ef5744c | 1246 | Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. |
19799a22 GS |
1247 | |
1248 | =item Test | |
1249 | ||
9e107c59 | 1250 | Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts |
f102b883 | 1251 | |
1bb908c3 JH |
1252 | =item Test::Builder |
1253 | ||
1254 | Backend for building test libraries | |
1255 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1256 | =item Test::Harness |
1257 | ||
f262848d | 1258 | Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics |
f102b883 | 1259 | |
d63e6bb6 JH |
1260 | =item Test::Harness::Assert |
1261 | ||
1262 | Simple assert | |
1263 | ||
1264 | =item Test::Harness::Iterator | |
1265 | ||
1266 | Internal Test::Harness Iterator | |
1267 | ||
1268 | =item Test::Harness::Straps | |
1269 | ||
1270 | Detailed analysis of test results | |
1271 | ||
7a49b635 JH |
1272 | =item Test::More |
1273 | ||
1274 | Yet another framework for writing test scripts | |
1275 | ||
1276 | =item Test::Simple | |
1277 | ||
1278 | Basic utilities for writing tests. | |
1279 | ||
e61ecf27 JH |
1280 | =item Test::Tutorial |
1281 | ||
1282 | A tutorial about writing really basic tests | |
1283 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1284 | =item Text::Abbrev |
1285 | ||
9e107c59 | 1286 | Create an abbreviation table from a list |
f102b883 | 1287 | |
4e860d0a JH |
1288 | =item Text::Balanced |
1289 | ||
1290 | Extract delimited text sequences from strings. | |
1291 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1292 | =item Text::ParseWords |
1293 | ||
2e1d04bc | 1294 | Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays |
f102b883 TC |
1295 | |
1296 | =item Text::Soundex | |
1297 | ||
2e1d04bc | 1298 | Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth |
f102b883 | 1299 | |
4e860d0a JH |
1300 | =item Text::Tabs |
1301 | ||
1302 | Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) | |
1303 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1304 | =item Text::Wrap |
1305 | ||
9e107c59 | 1306 | Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs |
19799a22 | 1307 | |
1bb908c3 JH |
1308 | =item Thread |
1309 | ||
416e7255 | 1310 | Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only) |
1bb908c3 | 1311 | |
ec90690f TS |
1312 | =item Thread::Queue |
1313 | ||
83272a45 | 1314 | Thread-safe queues |
ec90690f TS |
1315 | |
1316 | =item Thread::Semaphore | |
1317 | ||
83272a45 | 1318 | Thread-safe semaphores |
ec90690f | 1319 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
1320 | =item Thread::Signal |
1321 | ||
1322 | Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code) | |
1323 | ||
1324 | =item Thread::Specific | |
1325 | ||
1326 | Thread-specific keys | |
1327 | ||
19799a22 GS |
1328 | =item Tie::Array |
1329 | ||
9e107c59 | 1330 | Base class for tied arrays |
19799a22 | 1331 | |
d63e6bb6 JH |
1332 | =item Tie::File |
1333 | ||
1334 | Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array | |
1335 | ||
19799a22 GS |
1336 | =item Tie::Handle |
1337 | ||
9e107c59 | 1338 | Base class definitions for tied handles |
19799a22 | 1339 | |
9e107c59 | 1340 | =item Tie::Hash |
f102b883 | 1341 | |
9e107c59 | 1342 | Base class definitions for tied hashes |
f102b883 | 1343 | |
d63e6bb6 JH |
1344 | =item Tie::Memoize |
1345 | ||
1346 | Add data to hash when needed | |
1347 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1348 | =item Tie::RefHash |
1349 | ||
9e107c59 | 1350 | Use references as hash keys |
f102b883 | 1351 | |
9e107c59 | 1352 | =item Tie::Scalar |
f102b883 | 1353 | |
9e107c59 | 1354 | Base class definitions for tied scalars |
f102b883 TC |
1355 | |
1356 | =item Tie::SubstrHash | |
1357 | ||
19799a22 | 1358 | Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing |
f102b883 | 1359 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
1360 | =item Time::HiRes |
1361 | ||
1362 | High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers | |
1363 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1364 | =item Time::Local |
1365 | ||
9e107c59 | 1366 | Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time |
f102b883 TC |
1367 | |
1368 | =item Time::gmtime | |
1369 | ||
9e107c59 | 1370 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function |
f102b883 TC |
1371 | |
1372 | =item Time::localtime | |
1373 | ||
9e107c59 | 1374 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function |
f102b883 TC |
1375 | |
1376 | =item Time::tm | |
1377 | ||
9e107c59 | 1378 | Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime |
f102b883 TC |
1379 | |
1380 | =item UNIVERSAL | |
1381 | ||
9e107c59 | 1382 | Base class for ALL classes (blessed references) |
f102b883 | 1383 | |
e61ecf27 JH |
1384 | =item Unicode::Collate |
1385 | ||
ec90690f | 1386 | Unicode Collation Algorithm |
e61ecf27 | 1387 | |
7ef5744c RGS |
1388 | =item Unicode::Normalize |
1389 | ||
1390 | Unicode Normalization Forms | |
1391 | ||
e61ecf27 | 1392 | =item Unicode::UCD |
fbe3d936 JH |
1393 | |
1394 | Unicode character database | |
1395 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1396 | =item User::grent |
1397 | ||
9e107c59 | 1398 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions |
f102b883 TC |
1399 | |
1400 | =item User::pwent | |
1401 | ||
9e107c59 | 1402 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions |
f102b883 | 1403 | |
4e860d0a JH |
1404 | =item Win32 |
1405 | ||
1406 | Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions | |
1407 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
1408 | =item XS::APItest |
1409 | ||
1410 | Test the perl C API | |
1411 | ||
1412 | =item XS::Typemap | |
1413 | ||
1414 | Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl | |
1415 | ||
1416 | =item XSLoader | |
1417 | ||
1418 | Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code | |
1419 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1420 | =back |
1421 | ||
19799a22 | 1422 | To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including |
2e1d04bc | 1423 | those without documentation or outside the standard release, |
a4373870 CW |
1424 | just use the following command (under the default win32 shell, |
1425 | double quotes should be used instead of single quotes). | |
f102b883 | 1426 | |
a4373870 CW |
1427 | % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \ |
1428 | 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ }, | |
1429 | no_chdir => 1 }, @INC' | |
f102b883 | 1430 | |
8518420c | 1431 | (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) |
2e1d04bc JH |
1432 | They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible |
1433 | via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find> | |
19799a22 GS |
1434 | program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which |
1435 | generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you | |
1436 | have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1437 | to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no |
1438 | system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program. | |
f102b883 | 1439 | |
8518420c RGS |
1440 | Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly |
1441 | incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on | |
1442 | your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker | |
1443 | install process.) | |
1444 | ||
f102b883 TC |
1445 | =head2 Extension Modules |
1446 | ||
19799a22 GS |
1447 | Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They |
1448 | are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, | |
d1be9408 | 1449 | but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules |
19799a22 | 1450 | include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX. |
f102b883 TC |
1451 | |
1452 | Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not | |
19799a22 GS |
1453 | completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time |
1454 | for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of | |
1455 | platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to | |
1456 | look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines | |
7ef5744c | 1457 | like Alta Vista or Google. |
f102b883 TC |
1458 | |
1459 | =head1 CPAN | |
1460 | ||
19799a22 GS |
1461 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally |
1462 | replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style | |
2e1d04bc | 1463 | guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and |
19799a22 | 1464 | occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for |
1577cd80 | 1465 | CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/ |
19799a22 GS |
1466 | |
1467 | Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules, | |
1468 | some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of | |
1469 | modules are: | |
f102b883 | 1470 | |
4e860d0a | 1471 | =over |
f102b883 TC |
1472 | |
1473 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1474 | |
f102b883 TC |
1475 | Language Extensions and Documentation Tools |
1476 | ||
1477 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1478 | |
f102b883 TC |
1479 | Development Support |
1480 | ||
1481 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1482 | |
f102b883 TC |
1483 | Operating System Interfaces |
1484 | ||
1485 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1486 | |
f102b883 TC |
1487 | Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication |
1488 | ||
1489 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1490 | |
f102b883 TC |
1491 | Data Types and Data Type Utilities |
1492 | ||
1493 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1494 | |
f102b883 TC |
1495 | Database Interfaces |
1496 | ||
1497 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1498 | |
f102b883 TC |
1499 | User Interfaces |
1500 | ||
1501 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1502 | |
f102b883 TC |
1503 | Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages |
1504 | ||
1505 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1506 | |
f102b883 TC |
1507 | File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles) |
1508 | ||
1509 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1510 | |
f102b883 TC |
1511 | String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching |
1512 | ||
1513 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1514 | |
f102b883 TC |
1515 | Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing |
1516 | ||
1517 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1518 | |
f102b883 TC |
1519 | Internationalization and Locale |
1520 | ||
1521 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1522 | |
f102b883 TC |
1523 | Authentication, Security, and Encryption |
1524 | ||
1525 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1526 | |
f102b883 TC |
1527 | World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME |
1528 | ||
1529 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1530 | |
f102b883 TC |
1531 | Server and Daemon Utilities |
1532 | ||
1533 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1534 | |
f102b883 TC |
1535 | Archiving and Compression |
1536 | ||
1537 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1538 | |
f102b883 TC |
1539 | Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing |
1540 | ||
1541 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1542 | |
f102b883 TC |
1543 | Mail and Usenet News |
1544 | ||
1545 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1546 | |
f102b883 TC |
1547 | Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc) |
1548 | ||
1549 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1550 | |
f102b883 TC |
1551 | File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities |
1552 | ||
1553 | =item * | |
551e1d92 | 1554 | |
f102b883 TC |
1555 | Miscellaneous Modules |
1556 | ||
1557 | =back | |
1558 | ||
5df44211 JH |
1559 | The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows. |
1560 | Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields: | |
1561 | ||
1562 | Continent | |
1563 | | | |
1564 | |-->Country | |
1565 | | | |
1566 | |-->[state/province] | |
1567 | | | |
1568 | |-->ftp | |
1569 | | | |
1570 | |-->[http] | |
1571 | ||
1572 | and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the | |
1573 | European and the South American sites. | |
1574 | ||
1575 | You should try to choose one close to you. | |
f102b883 | 1576 | |
4e860d0a JH |
1577 | =head2 Africa |
1578 | ||
cea6626f | 1579 | =over 4 |
f102b883 | 1580 | |
5df44211 | 1581 | =item South Africa |
4e860d0a | 1582 | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1583 | http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
1584 | ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 | 1585 | ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
1586 | ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ |
1587 | ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
1588 | |
1589 | =back | |
1590 | ||
1591 | =head2 Asia | |
1592 | ||
1593 | =over 4 | |
1594 | ||
5df44211 | 1595 | =item China |
4e860d0a | 1596 | |
5c5c2539 | 1597 | http://cpan.linuxforum.net/ |
5df44211 JH |
1598 | http://cpan.shellhung.org/ |
1599 | ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN | |
5c5c2539 | 1600 | ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN |
37a78d01 | 1601 | |
5df44211 | 1602 | =item Indonesia |
37a78d01 | 1603 | |
5c5c2539 | 1604 | http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/ |
5df44211 JH |
1605 | http://cpan.cbn.net.id/ |
1606 | ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN | |
37a78d01 | 1607 | |
5df44211 | 1608 | =item Israel |
37a78d01 | 1609 | |
5df44211 JH |
1610 | ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/ |
1611 | http://cpan.lerner.co.il/ | |
1612 | http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ | |
1613 | ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ | |
37a78d01 | 1614 | |
5df44211 | 1615 | =item Japan |
37a78d01 | 1616 | |
5df44211 JH |
1617 | ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN |
1618 | ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
1619 | ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/ |
1620 | ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 JH |
1621 | http://ftp.cpan.jp/ |
1622 | ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
1623 | ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ |
1624 | ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
37a78d01 | 1625 | |
5c5c2539 | 1626 | =item Malaysia |
37a78d01 | 1627 | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1628 | http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my |
1629 | http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN | |
1630 | http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 1631 | |
5df44211 | 1632 | =item Russian Federation |
4e860d0a | 1633 | |
5df44211 | 1634 | http://cpan.tomsk.ru |
7a142657 | 1635 | ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/ |
4e860d0a | 1636 | |
5df44211 | 1637 | =item Saudi Arabia |
4e860d0a | 1638 | |
5df44211 | 1639 | ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1640 | |
5df44211 | 1641 | =item Singapore |
4e860d0a | 1642 | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1643 | http://CPAN.en.com.sg/ |
1644 | ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/ | |
5df44211 JH |
1645 | http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN |
1646 | ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1647 | http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org |
1648 | ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan | |
4e860d0a | 1649 | |
5df44211 | 1650 | =item South Korea |
4e860d0a | 1651 | |
5df44211 JH |
1652 | http://CPAN.bora.net/ |
1653 | ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1654 | http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN |
1655 | ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 1656 | |
5df44211 | 1657 | =item Taiwan |
4e860d0a | 1658 | |
5df44211 | 1659 | ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN |
5c5c2539 JH |
1660 | http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ |
1661 | ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
1662 | http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
1663 | ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
1664 | ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/ |
1665 | http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ | |
1666 | ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 1667 | |
5df44211 | 1668 | =item Thailand |
4e860d0a | 1669 | |
5df44211 JH |
1670 | ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/ |
1671 | ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
1672 | |
1673 | =back | |
1674 | ||
1675 | =head2 Central America | |
1676 | ||
1677 | =over 4 | |
1678 | ||
5df44211 | 1679 | =item Costa Rica |
4e860d0a | 1680 | |
5df44211 JH |
1681 | http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/ |
1682 | ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
1683 | |
1684 | =back | |
1685 | ||
1686 | =head2 Europe | |
1687 | ||
1688 | =over 4 | |
1689 | ||
5df44211 | 1690 | =item Austria |
4e860d0a | 1691 | |
639f8edf HS |
1692 | http://cpan.inode.at/ |
1693 | ftp://cpan.inode.at | |
5df44211 | 1694 | ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1695 | |
5df44211 | 1696 | =item Belgium |
4e860d0a | 1697 | |
5df44211 JH |
1698 | http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ |
1699 | ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ | |
1700 | http://cpan.skynet.be | |
5c5c2539 | 1701 | ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 | 1702 | ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1703 | |
7a142657 JH |
1704 | =item Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1705 | ||
1706 | http://cpan.blic.net/ | |
1707 | ||
5df44211 | 1708 | =item Bulgaria |
4e860d0a | 1709 | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1710 | http://cpan.online.bg |
1711 | ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan | |
1712 | http://cpan.zadnik.org | |
1713 | ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
1714 | http://cpan.lirex.net/ |
1715 | ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 1716 | |
5df44211 | 1717 | =item Croatia |
4e860d0a | 1718 | |
5df44211 JH |
1719 | http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ |
1720 | ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1721 | |
5df44211 | 1722 | =item Czech Republic |
4e860d0a | 1723 | |
5df44211 JH |
1724 | ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ |
1725 | ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1726 | |
5df44211 | 1727 | =item Denmark |
4e860d0a | 1728 | |
5df44211 JH |
1729 | http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/ |
1730 | ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/ | |
1731 | http://cpan.cybercity.dk | |
1732 | http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/ | |
1733 | ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1734 | |
5df44211 | 1735 | =item Estonia |
4e860d0a | 1736 | |
5df44211 | 1737 | ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1738 | |
5df44211 | 1739 | =item Finland |
4e860d0a | 1740 | |
5df44211 | 1741 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 | 1742 | http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 1743 | |
5df44211 | 1744 | =item France |
37a78d01 | 1745 | |
5c5c2539 | 1746 | http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN |
5df44211 JH |
1747 | http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN |
1748 | ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN | |
1749 | http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/ | |
1750 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
1751 | ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1752 | http://fr.cpan.org/ | |
1753 | ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1754 | ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1755 | ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/ | |
1756 | http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org | |
1757 | ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1758 | http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ |
1759 | ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
5df44211 JH |
1760 | http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN |
1761 | ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
1762 | ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/ |
1763 | ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
37a78d01 | 1764 | |
5df44211 | 1765 | =item Germany |
37a78d01 | 1766 | |
5c5c2539 | 1767 | ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
1768 | ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/ |
1769 | ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/ | |
1770 | ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN | |
1771 | http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
1772 | ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
1773 | http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1774 | ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1775 | ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
1776 | ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
1777 | http://cpan.noris.de/ | |
1778 | ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
1779 | ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1780 | ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1781 | |
5df44211 | 1782 | =item Greece |
4e860d0a | 1783 | |
5c5c2539 | 1784 | ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl |
5df44211 JH |
1785 | ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
1786 | ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ | |
4e860d0a | 1787 | |
5df44211 | 1788 | =item Hungary |
4e860d0a | 1789 | |
5df44211 JH |
1790 | http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/ |
1791 | ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1792 | |
5df44211 | 1793 | =item Iceland |
4e860d0a | 1794 | |
5df44211 JH |
1795 | http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ |
1796 | ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1797 | |
5df44211 | 1798 | =item Ireland |
4e860d0a | 1799 | |
5df44211 JH |
1800 | http://cpan.indigo.ie/ |
1801 | ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1802 | http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN |
1803 | ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
1804 | http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ |
1805 | ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ | |
4e860d0a | 1806 | |
5df44211 | 1807 | =item Italy |
4e860d0a | 1808 | |
5df44211 JH |
1809 | http://cpan.nettuno.it/ |
1810 | http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/ | |
1811 | ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN | |
1812 | http://softcity.iol.it/cpan | |
1813 | ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan | |
1814 | ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/ | |
1815 | ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/ | |
1816 | ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/ | |
1817 | ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/ | |
5c5c2539 | 1818 | http://cpan.flashnet.it/ |
5df44211 | 1819 | ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1820 | |
5df44211 | 1821 | =item Latvia |
4e860d0a | 1822 | |
5df44211 | 1823 | http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1824 | |
5df44211 | 1825 | =item Lithuania |
4e860d0a | 1826 | |
5df44211 | 1827 | ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1828 | |
5df44211 | 1829 | =item Netherlands |
4e860d0a | 1830 | |
5df44211 JH |
1831 | ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
1832 | ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1833 | ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1834 | http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/ | |
1835 | ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN | |
5c5c2539 | 1836 | ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
1837 | ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/ |
1838 | http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN | |
1839 | ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN | |
1840 | http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1841 | ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1842 | |
5df44211 JH |
1843 | =item Norway |
1844 | ||
1845 | ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
1846 | ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ | |
1847 | ||
1848 | =item Poland | |
1849 | ||
639f8edf | 1850 | ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN |
5df44211 JH |
1851 | ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/ |
1852 | ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ | |
1853 | ||
1854 | =item Portugal | |
1855 | ||
1856 | ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/ | |
1857 | ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/ | |
1858 | http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/ | |
1859 | ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1860 | ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN |
1861 | http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN | |
1862 | ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
1863 | http://cpan.ip.pt/ |
1864 | ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1865 | http://cpan.telepac.pt/ |
1866 | ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 1867 | |
5df44211 | 1868 | =item Romania |
4e860d0a | 1869 | |
5c5c2539 | 1870 | ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 | 1871 | ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/ |
7a142657 | 1872 | ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN |
5c5c2539 | 1873 | ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 | 1874 | ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/ |
5c5c2539 JH |
1875 | ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ |
1876 | http://cpan.ambra.ro/ | |
1877 | ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
1878 | ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/ |
1879 | ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN | |
1880 | ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1881 | |
5df44211 | 1882 | =item Russia |
4e860d0a | 1883 | |
5df44211 JH |
1884 | ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ |
1885 | http://cpan.rinet.ru/ | |
1886 | ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1887 | ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 1888 | ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
1889 | http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/ |
1890 | ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1891 | |
5df44211 | 1892 | =item Slovakia |
4e860d0a | 1893 | |
5df44211 | 1894 | ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1895 | |
5df44211 | 1896 | =item Slovenia |
4e860d0a | 1897 | |
5df44211 | 1898 | ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1899 | |
5df44211 | 1900 | =item Spain |
4e860d0a | 1901 | |
5df44211 JH |
1902 | http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/ |
1903 | ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ | |
639f8edf | 1904 | ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN |
5df44211 | 1905 | ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/ |
4e860d0a | 1906 | |
5df44211 | 1907 | =item Sweden |
4e860d0a | 1908 | |
5df44211 JH |
1909 | http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/ |
1910 | ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 | 1911 | http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN |
5df44211 JH |
1912 | ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN |
1913 | ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1914 | |
5df44211 | 1915 | =item Switzerland |
4e860d0a | 1916 | |
7a142657 JH |
1917 | http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/ |
1918 | ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
1919 | ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/ |
1920 | ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1921 | |
5df44211 | 1922 | =item Turkey |
4e860d0a | 1923 | |
5df44211 JH |
1924 | http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/ |
1925 | ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN | |
1926 | ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/ | |
37a78d01 | 1927 | |
5df44211 | 1928 | =item Ukraine |
37a78d01 | 1929 | |
5df44211 JH |
1930 | http://cpan.org.ua/ |
1931 | ftp://cpan.org.ua/ | |
1932 | ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1933 | http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/ |
1934 | ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/ | |
37a78d01 | 1935 | |
5df44211 | 1936 | =item United Kingdom |
556e28cf | 1937 | |
5df44211 JH |
1938 | http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
1939 | ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1940 | http://cpan.teleglobe.net/ | |
1941 | ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1942 | http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/ |
1943 | ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 JH |
1944 | http://cpan.etla.org/ |
1945 | ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
1946 | ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/ |
1947 | http://cpan.m.flirble.org/ | |
1948 | ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1949 | ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 | 1950 | http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/ |
5df44211 JH |
1951 | http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/ |
1952 | ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1953 | ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/ | |
556e28cf | 1954 | |
4e860d0a JH |
1955 | =back |
1956 | ||
1957 | =head2 North America | |
1958 | ||
1959 | =over 4 | |
1960 | ||
5c5c2539 JH |
1961 | =item Canada |
1962 | ||
7a142657 | 1963 | =over 8 |
5c5c2539 | 1964 | |
5df44211 | 1965 | =item Alberta |
4e860d0a | 1966 | |
5c5c2539 JH |
1967 | http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/ |
1968 | ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1969 | |
5df44211 | 1970 | =item Manitoba |
4e860d0a | 1971 | |
5df44211 JH |
1972 | http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
1973 | ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 1974 | |
5df44211 | 1975 | =item Nova Scotia |
4e860d0a | 1976 | |
5df44211 | 1977 | ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 1978 | |
5df44211 | 1979 | =item Ontario |
4e860d0a | 1980 | |
5c5c2539 | 1981 | ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
37a78d01 | 1982 | |
7a142657 JH |
1983 | =back |
1984 | ||
5df44211 | 1985 | =item Mexico |
37a78d01 | 1986 | |
5df44211 JH |
1987 | http://cpan.azc.uam.mx |
1988 | ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN | |
7a142657 JH |
1989 | http://www.cpan.unam.mx/ |
1990 | ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
1991 | http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/ |
1992 | ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ | |
37a78d01 | 1993 | |
5c5c2539 | 1994 | =item United States |
556e28cf | 1995 | |
7a142657 | 1996 | =over 8 |
4e860d0a | 1997 | |
5df44211 | 1998 | =item Alabama |
4e860d0a | 1999 | |
5df44211 JH |
2000 | http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ |
2001 | ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 2002 | |
5df44211 | 2003 | =item California |
4e860d0a | 2004 | |
5df44211 JH |
2005 | http://cpan.develooper.com/ |
2006 | http://www.cpan.org/ | |
2007 | ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 JH |
2008 | http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
2009 | ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
2010 | http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN |
2011 | ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
2012 | http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/ | |
2013 | ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN | |
7a142657 JH |
2014 | http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/ |
2015 | ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
2016 | http://cpan.digisle.net/ |
2017 | ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN | |
2018 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 2019 | http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 2020 | |
5df44211 | 2021 | =item Colorado |
4e860d0a | 2022 | |
5df44211 | 2023 | ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
7a142657 | 2024 | http://cpan.four10.com |
4e860d0a | 2025 | |
5df44211 | 2026 | =item Delaware |
4e860d0a | 2027 | |
5df44211 JH |
2028 | http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN |
2029 | ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 2030 | |
5df44211 | 2031 | =item District of Columbia |
4e860d0a | 2032 | |
5df44211 | 2033 | ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 2034 | |
5df44211 | 2035 | =item Florida |
37a78d01 | 2036 | |
5df44211 JH |
2037 | ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
2038 | http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
2039 | ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
2040 | http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/ | |
37a78d01 | 2041 | |
5df44211 | 2042 | =item Indiana |
4e860d0a | 2043 | |
5df44211 JH |
2044 | ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
2045 | http://cpan.netnitco.net/ | |
2046 | ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
2047 | http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ | |
2048 | ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
2049 | http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN |
2050 | ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
2051 | http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN |
2052 | ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 2053 | |
5df44211 | 2054 | =item Kentucky |
4e860d0a | 2055 | |
5df44211 JH |
2056 | http://cpan.uky.edu/ |
2057 | ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
2058 | http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan |
2059 | ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 2060 | |
5df44211 | 2061 | =item Massachusetts |
4e860d0a | 2062 | |
5c5c2539 JH |
2063 | http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN |
2064 | ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 | 2065 | ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 2066 | |
5df44211 | 2067 | =item Michigan |
4e860d0a | 2068 | |
5df44211 | 2069 | ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/ |
639f8edf HS |
2070 | http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN |
2071 | ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 2072 | |
5c5c2539 JH |
2073 | =item Nevada |
2074 | ||
2075 | http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN | |
2076 | ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN | |
2077 | ||
5df44211 | 2078 | =item New Jersey |
4e860d0a | 2079 | |
5c5c2539 | 2080 | http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
2081 | ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/ |
2082 | http://cpan.teleglobe.net/ | |
2083 | ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 2084 | |
5df44211 | 2085 | =item New York |
4e860d0a | 2086 | |
5df44211 | 2087 | http://cpan.belfry.net/ |
5c5c2539 JH |
2088 | http://cpan.erlbaum.net/ |
2089 | ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/ | |
5df44211 JH |
2090 | http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/ |
2091 | ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/ | |
2092 | ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
2093 | http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ | |
2094 | ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ | |
4e860d0a | 2095 | |
5df44211 | 2096 | =item North Carolina |
4e860d0a | 2097 | |
7a142657 JH |
2098 | http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
2099 | ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
5df44211 | 2100 | ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ |
5c5c2539 | 2101 | ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 2102 | |
5df44211 | 2103 | =item Oklahoma |
4e860d0a | 2104 | |
5df44211 | 2105 | ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 2106 | |
5df44211 | 2107 | =item Oregon |
4e860d0a | 2108 | |
5df44211 | 2109 | ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 2110 | |
5df44211 | 2111 | =item Pennsylvania |
4e860d0a | 2112 | |
5df44211 JH |
2113 | http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/ |
2114 | ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ | |
2115 | http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
2116 | ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
2117 | http://cpan.pair.com/ | |
2118 | ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
2119 | ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 2120 | |
5df44211 | 2121 | =item Tennessee |
4e860d0a | 2122 | |
5df44211 | 2123 | ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 2124 | |
5df44211 | 2125 | =item Texas |
4e860d0a | 2126 | |
5df44211 | 2127 | http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 | 2128 | http://www.binarycode.org/cpan |
5df44211 | 2129 | ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN |
5c5c2539 | 2130 | http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 2131 | |
5df44211 | 2132 | =item Utah |
4e860d0a | 2133 | |
5df44211 | 2134 | ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 2135 | |
5df44211 | 2136 | =item Virginia |
4e860d0a | 2137 | |
7a142657 JH |
2138 | http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/ |
2139 | ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
2140 | http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ |
2141 | ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ | |
2142 | http://perl.secsup.org/ | |
2143 | ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/ | |
5c5c2539 | 2144 | http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 2145 | |
5c5c2539 | 2146 | =item Washington |
4e860d0a | 2147 | |
5df44211 JH |
2148 | http://cpan.llarian.net/ |
2149 | ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
2150 | http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/ | |
2151 | ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
2152 | ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
556e28cf | 2153 | |
5df44211 | 2154 | =item Wisconsin |
556e28cf | 2155 | |
5df44211 JH |
2156 | http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
2157 | ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 JH |
2158 | http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN |
2159 | ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a JH |
2160 | |
2161 | =back | |
2162 | ||
5c5c2539 JH |
2163 | =back |
2164 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2165 | =head2 Oceania |
2166 | ||
2167 | =over 4 | |
2168 | ||
5df44211 | 2169 | =item Australia |
4e860d0a | 2170 | |
5df44211 JH |
2171 | http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ |
2172 | ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
2173 | ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
2174 | ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 2175 | http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au |
4e860d0a | 2176 | |
5df44211 | 2177 | =item New Zealand |
556e28cf | 2178 | |
5df44211 | 2179 | ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 JH |
2180 | |
2181 | =item United States | |
2182 | ||
2183 | http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/ | |
2184 | ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
2185 | |
2186 | =back | |
2187 | ||
2188 | =head2 South America | |
2189 | ||
2190 | =over 4 | |
2191 | ||
5df44211 | 2192 | =item Argentina |
4e860d0a | 2193 | |
5df44211 | 2194 | ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 JH |
2195 | http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan |
2196 | ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan | |
4e860d0a | 2197 | |
5df44211 | 2198 | =item Brazil |
4e860d0a | 2199 | |
5df44211 JH |
2200 | ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/ |
2201 | ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
2202 | http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/ |
2203 | ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/ | |
4e860d0a | 2204 | |
5df44211 | 2205 | =item Chile |
4e860d0a | 2206 | |
5df44211 JH |
2207 | http://cpan.netglobalis.net/ |
2208 | ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
f102b883 TC |
2209 | |
2210 | =back | |
2211 | ||
5df44211 JH |
2212 | =head2 RSYNC Mirrors |
2213 | ||
7a142657 JH |
2214 | www.linux.org.ar::cpan |
2215 | theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN | |
2216 | ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN | |
2217 | rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN | |
2218 | ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN | |
2219 | mir1.ovh.net::CPAN | |
2220 | rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN | |
2221 | ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
2222 | ftp.leo.org::CPAN | |
2223 | ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN | |
2224 | rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
2225 | ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN | |
2226 | gusp.dyndns.org::cpan | |
2227 | ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan | |
2228 | ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/ | |
2229 | mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN | |
2230 | rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN | |
2231 | mirror.averse.net::cpan | |
2232 | rsync.oss.eznetsols.org | |
2233 | ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN | |
2234 | ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN | |
2235 | cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN | |
2236 | cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN | |
2237 | rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN | |
2238 | ftp.sedl.org::cpan | |
2239 | ibiblio.org::CPAN | |
2240 | cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN | |
2241 | aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN | |
2242 | archive.progeny.com::CPAN | |
2243 | rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN | |
2244 | mirror.aphix.com::CPAN | |
2245 | cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN | |
2246 | ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan | |
2247 | mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN | |
2248 | mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN | |
2249 | cpan.pair.com::CPAN | |
2250 | cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN | |
2251 | mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN | |
2252 | csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN | |
5df44211 | 2253 | |
f102b883 | 2254 | For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, |
4e860d0a | 2255 | see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES . |
f102b883 TC |
2256 | |
2257 | =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse | |
2258 | ||
2259 | (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules | |
2260 | file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) | |
2261 | ||
2262 | Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a | |
2263 | package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a | |
2264 | namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be | |
2265 | used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its | |
2266 | first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), | |
2267 | or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). | |
2268 | ||
2269 | A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same | |
2270 | name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be | |
2271 | called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of | |
2272 | its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be | |
2273 | totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module | |
2274 | might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on | |
2275 | demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to | |
2e1d04bc | 2276 | exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about |
f102b883 TC |
2277 | the AUTOLOAD mechanism. |
2278 | ||
2279 | =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation | |
2280 | ||
2281 | =over 4 | |
2282 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2283 | =item * |
2284 | ||
2285 | Do similar modules already exist in some form? | |
f102b883 TC |
2286 | |
2287 | If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or | |
2288 | by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not | |
2289 | practical try to get together with the module authors to work on | |
2290 | extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. | |
2291 | A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing | |
2292 | with command line options. | |
2293 | ||
2294 | If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of | |
2295 | modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It | |
2296 | helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction | |
2297 | scheme as the original author. | |
2298 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2299 | =item * |
2300 | ||
2301 | Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. | |
f102b883 | 2302 | |
9f1b1f2d GS |
2303 | Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>). |
2304 | Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks | |
2e1d04bc | 2305 | of code that need less warnings. |
19799a22 | 2306 | |
f102b883 TC |
2307 | Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless |
2308 | into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, | |
2309 | e.g.,: | |
2310 | ||
2311 | sub new { | |
2e1d04bc JH |
2312 | my $class = shift; |
2313 | return bless {}, $class; | |
f102b883 TC |
2314 | } |
2315 | ||
2316 | or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static | |
2317 | or a virtual method. | |
2318 | ||
2319 | sub new { | |
2e1d04bc JH |
2320 | my $self = shift; |
2321 | my $class = ref($self) || $self; | |
2322 | return bless {}, $class; | |
f102b883 TC |
2323 | } |
2324 | ||
2325 | Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later | |
2326 | (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where | |
2327 | appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones. | |
2328 | Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate. | |
2329 | ||
2330 | Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>. | |
19799a22 | 2331 | Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all. |
f102b883 TC |
2332 | Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired |
2333 | class names as far as possible. | |
2334 | ||
c47ff5f1 GS |
2335 | Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and |
2336 | C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details). | |
f102b883 TC |
2337 | |
2338 | Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a | |
5a964f20 | 2339 | burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to |
f102b883 TC |
2340 | the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying: |
2341 | ||
2342 | eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller(); | |
2343 | ||
2344 | Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say | |
19799a22 | 2345 | C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able |
f102b883 TC |
2346 | to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example, |
2347 | does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;> | |
2348 | into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ? | |
2349 | ||
2350 | Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it | |
2351 | difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state | |
2352 | information in objects. | |
2353 | ||
2e1d04bc | 2354 | Always use B<-w>. |
19799a22 GS |
2355 | |
2356 | Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>). | |
f102b883 | 2357 | Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks |
2e1d04bc | 2358 | of code that need less strictness. |
19799a22 | 2359 | |
2e1d04bc | 2360 | Always use B<-w>. |
19799a22 | 2361 | |
f102b883 TC |
2362 | Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual. |
2363 | ||
19799a22 GS |
2364 | Always use B<-w>. |
2365 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2366 | =item * |
2367 | ||
2368 | Some simple style guidelines | |
f102b883 | 2369 | |
5a964f20 | 2370 | The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points. |
f102b883 TC |
2371 | |
2372 | Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their | |
2373 | style over several years as they learn what helps them write and | |
2374 | maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that | |
2375 | seem to be widely used by experienced developers: | |
2376 | ||
2377 | Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read | |
2378 | $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for | |
2379 | non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works | |
2380 | consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS. | |
2381 | ||
2382 | Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally | |
2383 | reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer | |
2384 | and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and | |
2385 | use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable). | |
2386 | ||
2387 | You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope | |
2388 | or nature of a variable. For example: | |
2389 | ||
5a964f20 | 2390 | $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars) |
f102b883 TC |
2391 | $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static |
2392 | $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables | |
2393 | ||
2394 | Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. | |
c47ff5f1 | 2395 | e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>. |
f102b883 TC |
2396 | |
2397 | You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or | |
2398 | function should not be used outside the package that defined it. | |
2399 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2400 | =item * |
2401 | ||
2402 | Select what to export. | |
f102b883 TC |
2403 | |
2404 | Do NOT export method names! | |
2405 | ||
2406 | Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason! | |
2407 | ||
2408 | Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must | |
2409 | export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid | |
2410 | short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes. | |
2411 | ||
2412 | Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the | |
c47ff5f1 | 2413 | module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>) |
f102b883 TC |
2414 | syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to |
2415 | indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use. | |
2416 | ||
2417 | (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: | |
2418 | C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that | |
2419 | directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol | |
2420 | table.) | |
2421 | ||
2422 | As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented | |
2423 | then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then | |
2424 | @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution. | |
2425 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2426 | =item * |
2427 | ||
2428 | Select a name for the module. | |
f102b883 TC |
2429 | |
2430 | This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as | |
2431 | possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or | |
2432 | more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special | |
2433 | about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use | |
2434 | nested module names to group informally or categorize a module. | |
2435 | There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name. | |
2436 | Module names should begin with a capital letter. | |
2437 | ||
2438 | Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone | |
2439 | (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-). | |
2440 | Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others. | |
2441 | If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc. | |
2442 | ||
2443 | If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good | |
2444 | practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will | |
2445 | avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View, | |
2446 | Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide. | |
2447 | ||
2448 | If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's | |
2449 | standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in | |
2450 | those modules. | |
2451 | ||
165c0277 JH |
2452 | If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, |
2453 | that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure | |
2454 | that their names will not clash with any future public module. You | |
2455 | can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by | |
2456 | using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*. | |
2457 | ||
f102b883 TC |
2458 | To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to |
2459 | 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is | |
2460 | unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier. | |
2461 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2462 | =item * |
2463 | ||
2464 | Have you got it right? | |
f102b883 TC |
2465 | |
2466 | How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you | |
2467 | picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have | |
2468 | you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions? | |
2469 | ||
2470 | The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions, | |
2471 | is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about | |
2472 | all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask. | |
2473 | ||
2474 | All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its | |
2475 | purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is | |
2476 | probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored | |
2477 | by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!) | |
2478 | ||
2479 | Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be | |
2480 | ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting | |
2481 | others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you! | |
2482 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2483 | =item * |
2484 | ||
2485 | README and other Additional Files. | |
f102b883 TC |
2486 | |
2487 | It's well known that software developers usually fully document the | |
2488 | software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of | |
2489 | your software and there is not enough time to write the full | |
2490 | documentation please at least provide a README file containing: | |
2491 | ||
2492 | =over 10 | |
2493 | ||
2494 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2495 | |
f102b883 TC |
2496 | A description of the module/package/extension etc. |
2497 | ||
2498 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2499 | |
f102b883 TC |
2500 | A copyright notice - see below. |
2501 | ||
2502 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2503 | |
f102b883 TC |
2504 | Prerequisites - what else you may need to have. |
2505 | ||
2506 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2507 | |
f102b883 TC |
2508 | How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc. |
2509 | ||
2510 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2511 | |
f102b883 TC |
2512 | How to install it. |
2513 | ||
2514 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2515 | |
f102b883 TC |
2516 | Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities |
2517 | ||
2518 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2519 | |
f102b883 TC |
2520 | Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future. |
2521 | ||
2522 | =back | |
2523 | ||
2524 | If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to | |
2525 | split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL, | |
2526 | Copying, ToDo etc. | |
2527 | ||
2528 | =over 4 | |
2529 | ||
37a78d01 | 2530 | =item * |
f102b883 | 2531 | |
37a78d01 | 2532 | Adding a Copyright Notice. |
4e860d0a | 2533 | |
f102b883 TC |
2534 | How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. |
2535 | The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make | |
2536 | a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work. | |
2537 | ||
2a551100 JH |
2538 | Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL |
2539 | and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic, | |
2540 | or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT | |
2541 | just using the GNU GPL. | |
f102b883 TC |
2542 | |
2543 | My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the | |
5a964f20 | 2544 | Perl community at large is to state something simply like: |
f102b883 TC |
2545 | |
2546 | Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved. | |
2547 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
2548 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. | |
2549 | ||
2550 | This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may | |
2551 | also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files. | |
2552 | Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright. | |
2553 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2554 | =item * |
2555 | ||
2556 | Give the module a version/issue/release number. | |
f102b883 TC |
2557 | |
2558 | To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you | |
2559 | should store your module's version number in a non-my package | |
2560 | variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point | |
2561 | number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths, | |
2562 | e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version. | |
19799a22 | 2563 | See L<Exporter> for details. |
f102b883 TC |
2564 | |
2565 | It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number. | |
2566 | Use the number in announcements and archive file names when | |
2567 | releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). | |
2568 | See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details. | |
2569 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2570 | =item * |
2571 | ||
2572 | How to release and distribute a module. | |
f102b883 TC |
2573 | |
2574 | It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your | |
2575 | module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce | |
2576 | Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off | |
2577 | distribution. | |
2578 | ||
2e1d04bc | 2579 | If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should |
f102b883 TC |
2580 | include details of its location in your announcement. |
2581 | ||
2582 | Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file | |
5a964f20 | 2583 | name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories |
f102b883 TC |
2584 | will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your |
2585 | file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification | |
2586 | message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get | |
2587 | deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed | |
2588 | and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its | |
2589 | location. | |
2590 | ||
2591 | FTP Archives for Perl Modules: | |
2592 | ||
6cecdcac | 2593 | Follow the instructions and links on: |
f102b883 | 2594 | |
4e860d0a JH |
2595 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html |
2596 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html | |
f102b883 TC |
2597 | |
2598 | or upload to one of these sites: | |
2599 | ||
6cecdcac GS |
2600 | https://pause.kbx.de/pause/ |
2601 | http://pause.perl.org/pause/ | |
f102b883 | 2602 | |
6cecdcac | 2603 | and notify <modules@perl.org>. |
f102b883 TC |
2604 | |
2605 | By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror | |
2606 | your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on | |
2607 | CPAN! | |
2608 | ||
2609 | Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list! | |
2610 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2611 | =item * |
2612 | ||
2613 | Take care when changing a released module. | |
f102b883 | 2614 | |
7b8d334a GS |
2615 | Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. |
2616 | Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the | |
19799a22 | 2617 | old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes. |
f102b883 TC |
2618 | |
2619 | =back | |
2620 | ||
2621 | =back | |
2622 | ||
2623 | =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules | |
2624 | ||
2625 | =over 4 | |
2626 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2627 | =item * |
2628 | ||
2629 | There is no requirement to convert anything. | |
f102b883 TC |
2630 | |
2631 | If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should | |
2632 | continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor | |
2633 | changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but | |
2634 | there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that. | |
2635 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2636 | =item * |
2637 | ||
2638 | Consider the implications. | |
f102b883 | 2639 | |
5a964f20 | 2640 | All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to |
f102b883 TC |
2641 | be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is |
2642 | it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time? | |
2643 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
2644 | =item * |
2645 | ||
2646 | Make the most of the opportunity. | |
f102b883 TC |
2647 | |
2648 | If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the | |
19799a22 GS |
2649 | opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module |
2650 | creation above include many of the issues you should consider. | |
f102b883 | 2651 | |
4e860d0a JH |
2652 | =item * |
2653 | ||
2654 | The pl2pm utility will get you started. | |
f102b883 TC |
2655 | |
2656 | This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write | |
2657 | corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: | |
2658 | ||
2659 | =over 10 | |
2660 | ||
2661 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2662 | |
f102b883 TC |
2663 | Adds the standard Module prologue lines |
2664 | ||
2665 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2666 | |
f102b883 TC |
2667 | Converts package specifiers from ' to :: |
2668 | ||
2669 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2670 | |
f102b883 TC |
2671 | Converts die(...) to croak(...) |
2672 | ||
2673 | =item * | |
4e860d0a | 2674 | |
f102b883 TC |
2675 | Several other minor changes |
2676 | ||
2677 | =back | |
2678 | ||
2679 | Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted | |
2680 | code will need careful checking, especially any package statements. | |
2681 | Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works! | |
2682 | ||
2683 | =back | |
2684 | ||
2685 | =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code | |
2686 | ||
2687 | =over 4 | |
2688 | ||
4e860d0a | 2689 | =item * |
551e1d92 RB |
2690 | |
2691 | Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. | |
f102b883 | 2692 | |
4e860d0a | 2693 | =item * |
551e1d92 RB |
2694 | |
2695 | Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. | |
f102b883 TC |
2696 | |
2697 | Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy | |
2698 | to reuse. | |
2699 | ||
4e860d0a | 2700 | =item * |
551e1d92 RB |
2701 | |
2702 | Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. | |
f102b883 | 2703 | |
4e860d0a | 2704 | =item * |
551e1d92 RB |
2705 | |
2706 | Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. | |
2707 | ||
4e860d0a | 2708 | =item * |
f102b883 | 2709 | |
551e1d92 | 2710 | In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small |
f102b883 TC |
2711 | |
2712 | fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases | |
2713 | the application could invoked as: | |
2714 | ||
5a964f20 | 2715 | % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ... |
f102b883 | 2716 | or |
5a964f20 | 2717 | % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher) |
f102b883 TC |
2718 | |
2719 | =back | |
2720 | ||
2721 | =head1 NOTE | |
2722 | ||
2723 | Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may | |
2724 | have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl | |
2725 | doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer | |
2726 | that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not | |
2727 | because it has a shotgun. | |
2728 | ||
2729 | The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law, | |
2730 | and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is | |
2731 | that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The | |
2732 | written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other | |
2733 | provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that | |
2734 | you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences. |