patch for LWP 5.05 to make it play with both 5.003 and 5.003_20 + overload patch

[perl5.git] / pod / perltoc.pod

=head1 NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
documentation set.  It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

=head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION

=head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability

=item ENVIRONMENT

HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERLLIB

=item AUTHOR

=item FILES

=item SEE ALSO

=item DIAGNOSTICS

=item BUGS

=item NOTES

=head2 perlnews - what's new for perl5.004

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Supported Environments

=item Core Changes

=over

=item Compilation Option: Binary Compatibility With 5.003

=item New Opcode Module and Revised Safe Module

=item Internal Change: FileHandle Deprecated

=item Internal Change: PerlIO internal IO abstraction interface

=item New and Changed Built-in Variables

$^E, $^H, $^M

=item New and Changed Built-in Functions

delete on slices, flock, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures,
unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST,
prototype(FUNCTION), $_ as Default

=item C<m//g> does not trigger a pos() reset on failure

=item New Built-in Methods

isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ), class(), is_instance()

=item TIEHANDLE Now Supported

TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this

=back

=item Pragmata

use blib, use locale, use ops

=item Modules

=over

=item Module Information Summary

=item IO

=item Math::Complex

=item Overridden Built-ins

=back

=item Efficiency Enhancements

=item Documentation Changes

L<perlnews>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
L<perlsec>

=item New Diagnostics

"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, Allocation too
large: %lx, Allocation too large, Attempt to free non-existent shared
string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Unsupported function
fork, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Integer overflow in
hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, Null picture in formline,
Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s,
Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate
words with commas, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist,
Got an error from DosAllocMem:, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
long, Process terminated by SIG%s

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=item HISTORY

=head2 perldata - Perl data types

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Variable names

=item Context

=item Scalar values

=item Scalar value constructors

=item List value constructors

=item Typeglobs and Filehandles

=back

=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Declarations

=item Simple statements

=item Compound statements

=item Loop Control

=item For Loops

=item Foreach Loops

=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements

=item Goto

=item PODs: Embedded Documentation

=back

=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)

=item The Arrow Operator

=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

=item Exponentiation

=item Symbolic Unary Operators

=item Binding Operators

=item Multiplicative Operators

=item Additive Operators

=item Shift Operators

=item Named Unary Operators

=item Relational Operators

=item Equality Operators

=item Bitwise And

=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

=item C-style Logical And

=item C-style Logical Or

=item Range Operator

=item Conditional Operator

=item Assignment Operators

=item Comma Operator

=item List Operators (Rightward)

=item Logical Not

=item Logical And

=item Logical or and Exclusive Or

=item C Operators Missing From Perl

unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

=item Quote and Quote-like Operators

=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators

?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds

=item I/O Operators

=item Constant Folding

=item Integer Arithmetic

=back

=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions

=item DESCRIPTION

i, m, s, x

=over

=item Regular Expressions

(?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)

=item Backtracking

=item Version 8 Regular Expressions

=item WARNING on \1 vs $1

=back

=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Switches

B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>

=back

=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

=item DESCRIPTION

 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>

=over

=item Perl Functions by Category

Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
in perl5

=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose ASSOC_ARRAY, dbmopen
ASSOC,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK,
do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each ASSOC_ARRAY, eof FILEHANDLE,
eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp
EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc
FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME,
getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto
&NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys ASSOC_ARRAY, kill LIST,
last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST,
map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL,
next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,
opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
readdir DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS,
redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR,
require, reset EXPR, reset, return LIST, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system LIST, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values
ASSOC_ARRAY, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

=back

=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Predefined Names

$ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
$|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
$LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
$^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
$ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}

=back

=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Private Variables via my()

=item Temporary Values via local()

=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)

=item Pass by Reference

=item Prototypes

=item Constant Functions

=item Overriding Builtin Functions

=item Autoloading

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Packages

=item Symbol Tables

=item Package Constructors and Destructors

=item Perl Classes

=item Perl Modules

=back

=item NOTE

=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

=over

=item Pragmatic Modules

blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
strict, subs, vars

=item Standard Modules

AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Template, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal,
Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin,
GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File,
IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2,
IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File,
Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode,
Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap,
Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent

=item Extension Modules

=back

=item CPAN

Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
Miscellaneous Modules

=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

=over

=item Guidelines for Module Creation

Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
README and other Additional Files, A description of the
module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
care when changing a released module

=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules

There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes

=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code

Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
can then be reduced to a small

=back

=head2 perlform - Perl formats

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Format Variables

=back

=item NOTES

=over

=item Footers

=item Accessing Formatting Internals

=back

=item WARNINGS

=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
localization)

=item DESCRIPTION

=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

=item USING LOCALES

=over

=item The use locale pragma

=item The setlocale function

=item The localeconv function

=back

=item LOCALE CATEGORIES

=over

=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

=item LC_TIME

=item Other categories

=back

=item SECURITY

B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
(localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
isxdigit()):

=item ENVIRONMENT

PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
LC_TIME, LANG

=item NOTES

=over

=item Backward compatibility

=item I18N:Collate obsolete

=item Sort speed and memory use impacts

=item write() and LC_NUMERIC

=item Freely available locale definitions

=item I18n and l10n

=item An imperfect standard

=back

=item BUGS

=over

=item Broken systems

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item HISTORY

=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Symbolic references

=item Not-so-symbolic references

=back

=item WARNING

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

=item DESCRIPTION

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
more elaborate constructs

=item REFERENCES

=item COMMON MISTAKES

=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>

=item DEBUGGING

=item CODE EXAMPLES

=item LISTS OF LISTS

=over

=item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS

=item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS

=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS

=back

=item HASHES OF LISTS

=over

=item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS

=item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS

=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS

=back

=item LISTS OF HASHES

=over

=item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES

=item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES

=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES

=back

=item HASHES OF HASHES

=over

=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES

=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

=back

=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

=over

=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

=back

=item Database Ties

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists

=item Growing Your Own

=item Access and Printing

=item Slices

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Creating a Class

=over

=item Object Representation

=item Class Interface

=item Constructors and Instance Methods

=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

=item Destructors

=item Other Object Methods

=back

=item Class Data

=over

=item Accessing Class Data

=item Debugging Methods

=item Class Destructors

=item Documenting the Interface

=back

=item Aggregation

=item Inheritance

=over

=item Overridden Methods

=item Multiple Inheritance

=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

=back

=item Alternate Object Representations

=over

=item Arrays as Objects

=item Closures as Objects

=back

=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

=over

=item Autoloaded Data Methods

=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

=back

=item Metaclassical Tools

=over

=item Class::Template

=item Data Members as Variables

=item NOTES

=item Object Terminology

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item COPYRIGHT

=over

=item Acknowledgments

=back

=head2 perlobj - Perl objects

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item An Object is Simply a Reference

=item A Class is Simply a Package

=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine

=item Method Invocation

=item Default UNIVERSAL methods

isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ), class(), is_instance()

=item Destructors	 

=item WARNING

=item Summary

=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Tying Scalars

TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this

=item Tying Arrays

TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
DESTROY this

=item Tying Hashes

USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this

=item Tying FileHandles

TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

=item DESCRIPTION

=item OO SCALING TIPS

=item INSTANCE VARIABLES

=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE

=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

=item DELEGATION

=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Signals

=item Named Pipes

=item Using open() for IPC

=over

=item Safe Pipe Opens

=item Bidirectional Communication

=back

=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication

=over

=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers

=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

=item UDP: Message Passing

=back

=item SysV IPC

=item WARNING

=item NOTES

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging

=item DESCRIPTION

=item The Perl Debugger

=over

=item Debugger Commands

h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n,
E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -,
w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t expr, b
[line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition],
b load filename, d [line], D, a [line] command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"]
[opt?].., recallCommand, ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel,
warnLevel, dieLevel, AutoTrace, LineInfo, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
C<frame>, arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint,
DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, C<TTY>, noTTY,
C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command,
E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, !
-number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, =
[alias value], command, p expr

=item Debugger Customization

=item Readline Support

=item Editor Support for Debugging

=item The Perl Profiler

=item Debugger support in perl

=item Debugger Internals

=item Other resources

=back

=item BUGS

=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 perlsec - Perl security

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

=item Cleaning Up Your Path

=item Security Bugs

=back

=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Awk Traps

=item C Traps

=item Sed Traps

=item Shell Traps

=item Perl Traps

=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance

=item Parsing Traps

Parsing, Parsing, Parsing

=item Numerical Traps

Numerical, Numerical, Numerical

=item General data type traps

(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
(Scalars), (Variable Suicide)

=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts

(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)

=item Precedence Traps

Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
Precedence

=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.

Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
Regular Expression

=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps

(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle

=item OS Traps

(SysV), (SysV)

=item Interpolation Traps

Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation

=item DBM Traps

DBM, DBM

=item Unclassified Traps

Unclassified

=back

=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules

=item Common Pod Pitfalls

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=head2 perlbook - Perl book information

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item PREAMBLE

B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a UNIX program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>

=item ROADMAP

=item Compiling your C program

=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program

=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program

=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program

=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter

=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances

=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
program

=back

=item MORAL

=item AUTHOR

=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>

=over

=item Co-existence with stdio

B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>

=back

=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Introduction

=item On The Road

=item The Anatomy of an XSUB

=item The Argument Stack

=item The RETVAL Variable

=item The MODULE Keyword

=item The PACKAGE Keyword

=item The PREFIX Keyword

=item The OUTPUT: Keyword

=item The CODE: Keyword

=item The INIT: Keyword

=item The NO_INIT Keyword

=item Initializing Function Parameters

=item Default Parameter Values

=item The PREINIT: Keyword

=item The SCOPE: Keyword

=item The INPUT: Keyword

=item Variable-length Parameter Lists

=item The PPCODE: Keyword

=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists

=item The REQUIRE: Keyword

=item The CLEANUP: Keyword

=item The BOOT: Keyword

=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword

=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword

=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword

=item The ALIAS: Keyword

=item The INCLUDE: Keyword

=item The CASE: Keyword

=item The & Unary Operator

=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives

=item Using XS With C++

=item Interface Strategy

=item Perl Objects And C Structures

=item The Typemap

=back

=item EXAMPLES

=item XS VERSION

=item AUTHOR

=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item VERSION CAVEAT

=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC

=item EXAMPLE 1

=item EXAMPLE 2

=item WHAT HAS GONE ON?

=item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS

=item EXAMPLE 3

=item WHAT'S NEW HERE?

=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS

=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER

=item THE TYPEMAP FILE

=item WARNING

=item EXAMPLE 4

=item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?

=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP

=item THE ARGUMENT STACK

=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION

=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION

=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION

=item SEE ALSO

=item Author

=item Last Changed

=back

=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Datatypes

=item What is an "IV"?

=item Working with SV's

=item What's Really Stored in an SV?

=item Working with AV's

=item Working with HV's

=item References

=item Blessed References and Class Objects

=item Creating New Variables

=item Reference Counts and Mortality

=item Stashes and Globs

=item Magic

=item Assigning Magic

=item Magic Virtual Tables

=item Finding Magic

=item Double-Typed SV's

=item XSUB's and the Argument Stack

=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs

=item Memory Allocation

=item PerlIO

=item Scratchpads

=item Putting a C value on Perl stack

=item Scratchpads

=item Scratchpads and recursions

=item API LISTING

AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv,
he_free, he_delayfree, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_exists, hv_fetch,
hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic,
HvNAME, hv_store, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free,
perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec,
SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH,
SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS,
XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO,
XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero

=back

=item EDITOR

=item DATE

=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

=item DESCRIPTION

An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS

B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>

=item FLAG VALUES

=over

=item  G_SCALAR

=item G_ARRAY

=item G_DISCARD

=item G_NOARGS

=item G_EVAL	

=item G_KEEPERR

=item Determining the Context 

=back

=item KNOWN PROBLEMS

=item EXAMPLES

=over

=item No Parameters, Nothing returned

=item Passing Parameters

=item Returning a Scalar

=item Returning a list of values

=item Returning a list in a scalar context

=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list

=item Using G_EVAL

=item Using G_KEEPERR

=item Using perl_call_sv

=item Using perl_call_argv

=item Using perl_call_method

=item Using GIMME

=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries

=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information

1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
callback

=item Alternate Stack Manipulation

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item DATE

=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
diagnostics

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item The C<diagnostics> Pragma

=item The I<splain> Program

=back

=item EXAMPLES

=item INTERNALS

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
double

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC

=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC

=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
operations

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

=item SYNOPSIS	

=item DESCRIPTION

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations

=item SYNOPSIS

=item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Declaration of overloaded functions

=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations

FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>

=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations

=item Overloadable Operations

I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
and numeric conversion>, I<Special>

=back

=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>

=over

=item  Last Resort

=item Fallback 

C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE

=item Copy Constructor

B<Example>

=back

=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION

I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>

=item WARNING

=item Run-time Overloading

=item Public functions

overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)

=item IMPLEMENTATION

=item AUTHOR

=item DIAGNOSTICS

=item BUGS

=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item OPTIONS

=over

=item SIGNAL HANDLERS

B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>

=item SIGNAL LISTS

B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>

=item OTHER

B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>

=back

=item EXAMPLES

=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>

=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION

=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item DBM Comparisons

[0], [1], [2], [3]

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item __END__

=item Loading Stubs

=item Package Lexicals

=item AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader

=back

=item CAVEAT

=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CAVEATS

=item DIAGNOSTICS

=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Methods

new, debug

=item Standard Exports

timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr

=item Optional Exports

=back

=item NOTES

=item INHERITANCE

=item CAVEATS

=item AUTHORS

=item MODIFICATION HISTORY

=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Interactive Mode

Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
install, clean modules or distributions

=item CPAN::Shell

=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface

=item Cache Manager

=item Bundles

=item autobundle

=item recompile

=back

=item CONFIGURATION

o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
[shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
E<lt>listE<gt>

=item SECURITY

=item EXPORT

=item Debugging

=over

=item Prerequisites

=back

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
module

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item  SEE ALSO

=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 Class::Template - struct/member template builder

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLES

Example 1, Example 2

=item NOTES

=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)

=item EXAMPLE

=item WARNING

=item NOTE

=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>

=over

=item How does DB_File interface to Berkeley DB?

=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File

=item Default Parameters

=item In Memory Databases

=back

=item DB_HASH

=over

=item A Simple Example.

=back

=item DB_BTREE

=over

=item Changing the BTREE sort order

=item Handling duplicate keys 

=item The get_dup method.

=item Matching Partial Keys 

=back

=item DB_RECNO

=over

=item The bval option

=item A Simple Example

=item Extra Methods

B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>

=item Another Example

=back

=item THE API INTERFACE

B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
$X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>

=item HINTS AND TIPS 

=over

=item Locking Databases

=item Sharing databases with C applications

=back

=item COMMON QUESTIONS

=over

=item Why is there Perl source in my database?

=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?

=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?

=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? 

=back

=item HISTORY

=item BUGS

=item AVAILABILITY

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, dl_error(),
$dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(),
dl_find_symbol(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()

=item AUTHOR

=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
variables

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Selecting What To Export

=item Specialised Import Lists

=item Module Version Checking

=item Managing Unknown Symbols

=item Tag Handling Utility Functions

=back

=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item @EXPORT

=item FUNCTIONS

xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)

=item EXAMPLES

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions

=over

=item EXTRALIBS

=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH

=item BSLOADLIBS

=back

=item PORTABILITY

=over

=item VMS implementation

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
ExtUtils::MakeMaker

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item METHODS

=over

=item Preloaded methods

canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir

=item SelfLoaded methods

c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl

=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile

force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
(o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
(o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
(o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o)

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
ExtUtils::MakeMaker

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Methods always loaded

eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
rootdir (override), updir (override)

=item SelfLoaded methods

guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
(override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
(override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
(override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
(override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
(override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
(override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
(override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
(override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
(override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
(override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
(override)

=back

=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item How To Write A Makefile.PL

=item Default Makefile Behaviour

=item make test

=item make testdb

=item make install

=item PREFIX and LIB attribute

=item AFS users

=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

=item Which architecture dependent directory?

=item Using Attributes and Parameters

C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
XS_VERSION

=item Additional lowercase attributes

clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
tool_autosplit

=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods

=item Hintsfile support

=item Distribution Support

   make distcheck,    make skipcheck,	 make distclean,    make manifest, 
  make distdir,    make tardist,    make dist,	  make uutardist,    make
shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHORS

=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item MANIFEST.SKIP

=item EXPORT_OK

=item GLOBAL VARIABLES

=item DIAGNOSTICS

C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
extension

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE

=item AUTHOR

=item REVISION

=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS

=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse

=item EXAMPLES

C<basename>, C<dirname>

=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item RETURN

=item AUTHOR

=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)

rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])

=back

=item RETURN

=item AUTHOR

=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AUTHORS

=item REVISION

=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item BUGS

=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES

=item KNOWN BUGS

=item AUTHORS

=item COPYRIGHT

=item REVISION

=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AVAILABILITY

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
options

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f

=over

=item Linkage specification

=item Aliases and abbreviations

=item Non-option call-back routine

=item Option starters

=item Return value

=back

=item COMPATIBILITY

=item EXAMPLES

=item CONFIGURATION VARIABLES

$Getopt::Long::autoabbrev, $Getopt::Long::getopt_compat,
$Getopt::Long::order, $Getopt::Long::bundling, $Getopt::Long::ignorecase,
$Getopt::Long::passthrough, $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error,
$Getopt::Long::debug

=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
clustering

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
locale

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 IO - load various IO modules

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRUCTOR

new ([ ARGS ] )

=item METHODS

open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

=item SEE ALSO

=item HISTORY

=head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRUCTOR

new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

=item METHODS

$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint

=item NOTE

=item SEE ALSO

=item BUGS

=item HISTORY

=head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRCUTOR

new ( [READER, WRITER] )

=item METHODS

reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item SEE ALSO

=item HISTORY

=head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ HANDLES ] )

=item METHODS

add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
(), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

=item EXAMPLE

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ARGS] )

=item METHODS

accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
protocol

=item SUB-CLASSES

=over

=item IO::Socket::INET

=item METHODS

sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
()

=item IO::Socket::UNIX

=item METHODS

hostpath(), peerpath()

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRUCTOR

new ([ ARGS ] )

=item METHODS

open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

=item SEE ALSO

=item HISTORY

=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
handles

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRUCTOR

new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

=item METHODS

$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF,
LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint

=item NOTE

=item SEE ALSO

=item BUGS

=item HISTORY

=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRCUTOR

new ( [READER, WRITER] )

=item METHODS

reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
I/O objects

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item SEE ALSO

=item HISTORY

=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
call

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ HANDLES ] )

=item METHODS

add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
(), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

=item EXAMPLE

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
communications

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ARGS] )

=item METHODS

accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
protocol

=item SUB-CLASSES

=over

=item IO::Socket::INET

=item METHODS

sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
()

=item IO::Socket::UNIX

=item METHODS

hostpath(), peerpath()

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item WARNING 

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
handling

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item WARNING

=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

Canonical notation, Input, Output

=item EXAMPLES

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
functions

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item OPERATIONS

=item CREATION

=item STRINGIFICATION

=item USAGE

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item Functions

Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
$timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);

=back

=item WARNING

=item NOTES

=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
functions

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLES

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
functions

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLES

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
functions

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
functions

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLES

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item WARNING

=item Operator Names and Operator Lists

an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
or optag, an operator set (opset)

=item Opcode Functions

opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
opdump (PAT)

=item Manipulating Opsets

=item TO DO (maybe)

=item Predefined Opcode Tags

:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
:default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
:subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHORS

=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
compartments

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

a new namespace, an operator mask

=item WARNING

=over

=item RECENT CHANGES

=item Methods in class Safe

permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

=item Some Safety Issues

Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
compiling

=item SYNOPSIS	

=item DESCRIPTION

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item CAVEATS 

=item FUNCTIONS

_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
wcstombs, wctomb, write

=item CLASSES

=over

=item POSIX::SigAction

new

=item POSIX::SigSet

new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember

=item POSIX::Termios

new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
values, c_oflag field values

=back

=item PATHNAME CONSTANTS

Constants

=item POSIX CONSTANTS

Constants

=item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Constants

=item ERRNO

Constants

=item FCNTL

Constants

=item FLOAT

Constants

=item LIMITS

Constants

=item LOCALE

Constants

=item MATH

Constants

=item SIGNAL

Constants

=item STAT

Constants, Macros

=item STDLIB

Constants

=item STDIO

Constants

=item TIME

Constants

=item UNISTD

Constants

=item WAIT

Constants, Macros

=item CREATION

=head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AUTHOR

=item TODO

=head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

a new namespace, an operator mask

=item WARNING

=over

=item RECENT CHANGES

=item Methods in class Safe

permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

=item Some Safety Issues

Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item The __DATA__ token

=item SelfLoader autoloading

=item Autoloading and package lexicals

=item SelfLoader and AutoLoader

=item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.

=item Classes and inherited methods.

=back

=item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

=head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
socket.h defines and structure manipulators 

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN

=head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog

=item EXAMPLES

=item DEPENDENCIES

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLES

=head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

E<lt>tabE<gt>Attempts word completion.
Cannot be changed, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>

=item DIAGNOSTICS

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Minimal set of supported functions

C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, C<Features>

=item EXPORTS

=head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over

=item The test script output

=back

=item EXPORT

=item DIAGNOSTICS

C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d,  Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
%s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
%d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
%s>

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHORS

=item BUGS

=head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLE

=head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AUTHORS

=head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
by Knuth

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLES

=item LIMITATIONS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
unexpand(1)

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

=item SYNOPSIS 

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this

=item CAVEATS

=item MORE INFORMATION

=head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item EXAMPLE

=item AUTHOR

=item VERSION

=item SEE ALSO

=head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
scalars

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this

=item MORE INFORMATION

=head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item CAVEATS

=head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
function

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
function

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AUTHOR

=head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( REF, TYPE )

=head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
functions

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
functions

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item NOTE

=item AUTHOR

=head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION

Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
don't all have manual pages yet:

=item a2p

=item s2p

=item find2perl

=item h2ph

=item c2ph

=item h2xs

=item xsubpp

=item pod2man

=item wrapsuid

=head1 AUTHOR

Larry Wall E<lt>F<larry@wall.org>E<gt>, with the help of oodles
of other folks.