Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
8990e307 | 1 | package AutoLoader; |
21c92a1d | 2 | |
e3d0cac0 | 3 | # use vars qw(@EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $VERSION); |
f06db76b | 4 | |
adaafad2 GS |
5 | my $is_dosish; |
6 | my $is_vms; | |
7 | ||
1be0b951 CS |
8 | BEGIN { |
9 | require Exporter; | |
e3d0cac0 IZ |
10 | @EXPORT = @EXPORT = (); |
11 | @EXPORT_OK = @EXPORT_OK = qw(AUTOLOAD); | |
adaafad2 GS |
12 | $is_dosish = $^O eq 'dos' || $^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'MSWin32'; |
13 | $is_vms = $^O eq 'VMS'; | |
e3d0cac0 | 14 | $VERSION = $VERSION = '5.57'; |
1be0b951 | 15 | } |
f06db76b | 16 | |
8990e307 | 17 | AUTOLOAD { |
7d4fbd98 GS |
18 | my $sub = $AUTOLOAD; |
19 | my $filename; | |
5a556d17 NIS |
20 | # Braces used to preserve $1 et al. |
21 | { | |
adaafad2 GS |
22 | # Try to find the autoloaded file from the package-qualified |
23 | # name of the sub. e.g., if the sub needed is | |
24 | # Getopt::Long::GetOptions(), then $INC{Getopt/Long.pm} is | |
25 | # something like '/usr/lib/perl5/Getopt/Long.pm', and the | |
26 | # autoload file is '/usr/lib/perl5/auto/Getopt/Long/GetOptions.al'. | |
27 | # | |
28 | # However, if @INC is a relative path, this might not work. If, | |
29 | # for example, @INC = ('lib'), then $INC{Getopt/Long.pm} is | |
30 | # 'lib/Getopt/Long.pm', and we want to require | |
31 | # 'auto/Getopt/Long/GetOptions.al' (without the leading 'lib'). | |
32 | # In this case, we simple prepend the 'auto/' and let the | |
33 | # C<require> take care of the searching for us. | |
34 | ||
7d4fbd98 | 35 | my ($pkg,$func) = ($sub =~ /(.*)::([^:]+)$/); |
adaafad2 | 36 | $pkg =~ s#::#/#g; |
7d4fbd98 GS |
37 | if (defined($filename = $INC{"$pkg.pm"})) { |
38 | $filename =~ s#^(.*)$pkg\.pm$#$1auto/$pkg/$func.al#; | |
adaafad2 GS |
39 | |
40 | # if the file exists, then make sure that it is a | |
41 | # a fully anchored path (i.e either '/usr/lib/auto/foo/bar.al', | |
42 | # or './lib/auto/foo/bar.al'. This avoids C<require> searching | |
43 | # (and failing) to find the 'lib/auto/foo/bar.al' because it | |
44 | # looked for 'lib/lib/auto/foo/bar.al', given @INC = ('lib'). | |
45 | ||
7d4fbd98 GS |
46 | if (-r $filename) { |
47 | unless ($filename =~ m|^/|) { | |
adaafad2 | 48 | if ($is_dosish) { |
7d4fbd98 GS |
49 | unless ($filename =~ m{^([a-z]:)?[\\/]}i) { |
50 | $filename = "./$filename"; | |
adaafad2 GS |
51 | } |
52 | } | |
53 | elsif ($is_vms) { | |
7d4fbd98 GS |
54 | # XXX todo by VMSmiths |
55 | $filename = "./$filename"; | |
adaafad2 GS |
56 | } |
57 | else { | |
7d4fbd98 | 58 | $filename = "./$filename"; |
adaafad2 GS |
59 | } |
60 | } | |
61 | } | |
62 | else { | |
7d4fbd98 | 63 | $filename = undef; |
adaafad2 GS |
64 | } |
65 | } | |
7d4fbd98 | 66 | unless (defined $filename) { |
adaafad2 | 67 | # let C<require> do the searching |
7d4fbd98 GS |
68 | $filename = "auto/$sub.al"; |
69 | $filename =~ s#::#/#g; | |
adaafad2 | 70 | } |
5a556d17 | 71 | } |
e14baed2 | 72 | my $save = $@; |
7d4fbd98 | 73 | eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require $filename }; |
8990e307 | 74 | if ($@) { |
7d4fbd98 GS |
75 | if (substr($sub,-9) eq '::DESTROY') { |
76 | *$sub = sub {}; | |
e14baed2 | 77 | } else { |
78 | # The load might just have failed because the filename was too | |
79 | # long for some old SVR3 systems which treat long names as errors. | |
80 | # If we can succesfully truncate a long name then it's worth a go. | |
81 | # There is a slight risk that we could pick up the wrong file here | |
82 | # but autosplit should have warned about that when splitting. | |
7d4fbd98 GS |
83 | if ($filename =~ s/(\w{12,})\.al$/substr($1,0,11).".al"/e){ |
84 | eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require $filename }; | |
e14baed2 | 85 | } |
86 | if ($@){ | |
87 | $@ =~ s/ at .*\n//; | |
fb73857a | 88 | my $error = $@; |
89 | require Carp; | |
90 | Carp::croak($error); | |
e14baed2 | 91 | } |
a0d0e21e | 92 | } |
8990e307 | 93 | } |
e14baed2 | 94 | $@ = $save; |
7d4fbd98 | 95 | goto &$sub; |
8990e307 | 96 | } |
1be0b951 | 97 | |
c2960299 | 98 | sub import { |
1be0b951 CS |
99 | my $pkg = shift; |
100 | my $callpkg = caller; | |
101 | ||
102 | # | |
103 | # Export symbols, but not by accident of inheritance. | |
104 | # | |
105 | ||
e3d0cac0 IZ |
106 | if ($pkg eq 'AutoLoader') { |
107 | local $Exporter::ExportLevel = 1; | |
108 | Exporter::import $pkg, @_; | |
109 | } | |
1be0b951 CS |
110 | |
111 | # | |
c2960299 AD |
112 | # Try to find the autosplit index file. Eg., if the call package |
113 | # is POSIX, then $INC{POSIX.pm} is something like | |
114 | # '/usr/local/lib/perl5/POSIX.pm', and the autosplit index file is in | |
115 | # '/usr/local/lib/perl5/auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix', so we require that. | |
116 | # | |
117 | # However, if @INC is a relative path, this might not work. If, | |
118 | # for example, @INC = ('lib'), then | |
119 | # $INC{POSIX.pm} is 'lib/POSIX.pm', and we want to require | |
120 | # 'auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix' (without the leading 'lib'). | |
121 | # | |
1be0b951 | 122 | |
1c1c7f20 | 123 | (my $calldir = $callpkg) =~ s#::#/#g; |
1be0b951 CS |
124 | my $path = $INC{$calldir . '.pm'}; |
125 | if (defined($path)) { | |
c2960299 | 126 | # Try absolute path name. |
1be0b951 | 127 | $path =~ s#^(.*)$calldir\.pm$#$1auto/$calldir/autosplit.ix#; |
c2960299 AD |
128 | eval { require $path; }; |
129 | # If that failed, try relative path with normal @INC searching. | |
130 | if ($@) { | |
1be0b951 | 131 | $path ="auto/$calldir/autosplit.ix"; |
c2960299 AD |
132 | eval { require $path; }; |
133 | } | |
fb73857a | 134 | if ($@) { |
135 | my $error = $@; | |
136 | require Carp; | |
137 | Carp::carp($error); | |
138 | } | |
f06db76b | 139 | } |
f06db76b | 140 | } |
8990e307 LW |
141 | |
142 | 1; | |
1be0b951 CS |
143 | |
144 | __END__ | |
145 | ||
146 | =head1 NAME | |
147 | ||
148 | AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand | |
149 | ||
150 | =head1 SYNOPSIS | |
151 | ||
152 | package Foo; | |
153 | use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD'; # import the default AUTOLOAD subroutine | |
154 | ||
155 | package Bar; | |
156 | use AutoLoader; # don't import AUTOLOAD, define our own | |
157 | sub AUTOLOAD { | |
158 | ... | |
159 | $AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = "..."; | |
160 | goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD; | |
161 | } | |
162 | ||
163 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
164 | ||
165 | The B<AutoLoader> module works with the B<AutoSplit> module and the | |
166 | C<__END__> token to defer the loading of some subroutines until they are | |
167 | used rather than loading them all at once. | |
168 | ||
169 | To use B<AutoLoader>, the author of a module has to place the | |
170 | definitions of subroutines to be autoloaded after an C<__END__> token. | |
171 | (See L<perldata>.) The B<AutoSplit> module can then be run manually to | |
172 | extract the definitions into individual files F<auto/funcname.al>. | |
173 | ||
174 | B<AutoLoader> implements an AUTOLOAD subroutine. When an undefined | |
175 | subroutine in is called in a client module of B<AutoLoader>, | |
176 | B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine attempts to locate the subroutine in a | |
177 | file with a name related to the location of the file from which the | |
178 | client module was read. As an example, if F<POSIX.pm> is located in | |
179 | F</usr/local/lib/perl5/POSIX.pm>, B<AutoLoader> will look for perl | |
180 | subroutines B<POSIX> in F</usr/local/lib/perl5/auto/POSIX/*.al>, where | |
181 | the C<.al> file has the same name as the subroutine, sans package. If | |
182 | such a file exists, AUTOLOAD will read and evaluate it, | |
183 | thus (presumably) defining the needed subroutine. AUTOLOAD will then | |
184 | C<goto> the newly defined subroutine. | |
185 | ||
f610777f | 186 | Once this process completes for a given function, it is defined, so |
1be0b951 CS |
187 | future calls to the subroutine will bypass the AUTOLOAD mechanism. |
188 | ||
189 | =head2 Subroutine Stubs | |
190 | ||
191 | In order for object method lookup and/or prototype checking to operate | |
192 | correctly even when methods have not yet been defined it is necessary to | |
193 | "forward declare" each subroutine (as in C<sub NAME;>). See | |
194 | L<perlsub/"SYNOPSIS">. Such forward declaration creates "subroutine | |
195 | stubs", which are place holders with no code. | |
196 | ||
197 | The AutoSplit and B<AutoLoader> modules automate the creation of forward | |
198 | declarations. The AutoSplit module creates an 'index' file containing | |
199 | forward declarations of all the AutoSplit subroutines. When the | |
200 | AutoLoader module is 'use'd it loads these declarations into its callers | |
201 | package. | |
202 | ||
203 | Because of this mechanism it is important that B<AutoLoader> is always | |
204 | C<use>d and not C<require>d. | |
205 | ||
206 | =head2 Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine | |
207 | ||
208 | In order to use B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine you I<must> | |
209 | explicitly import it: | |
210 | ||
211 | use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD'; | |
212 | ||
213 | =head2 Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine | |
214 | ||
215 | Some modules, mainly extensions, provide their own AUTOLOAD subroutines. | |
216 | They typically need to check for some special cases (such as constants) | |
217 | and then fallback to B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD for the rest. | |
218 | ||
219 | Such modules should I<not> import B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine. | |
220 | Instead, they should define their own AUTOLOAD subroutines along these | |
221 | lines: | |
222 | ||
223 | use AutoLoader; | |
fb73857a | 224 | use Carp; |
1be0b951 CS |
225 | |
226 | sub AUTOLOAD { | |
7d4fbd98 GS |
227 | my $sub = $AUTOLOAD; |
228 | (my $constname = $sub) =~ s/.*:://; | |
1be0b951 CS |
229 | my $val = constant($constname, @_ ? $_[0] : 0); |
230 | if ($! != 0) { | |
265f5c4a | 231 | if ($! =~ /Invalid/ || $!{EINVAL}) { |
7d4fbd98 | 232 | $AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = $sub; |
1be0b951 CS |
233 | goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD; |
234 | } | |
235 | else { | |
236 | croak "Your vendor has not defined constant $constname"; | |
237 | } | |
238 | } | |
7d4fbd98 GS |
239 | *$sub = sub { $val }; # same as: eval "sub $sub { $val }"; |
240 | goto &$sub; | |
1be0b951 CS |
241 | } |
242 | ||
243 | If any module's own AUTOLOAD subroutine has no need to fallback to the | |
244 | AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD subroutine (because it doesn't have any AutoSplit | |
245 | subroutines), then that module should not use B<AutoLoader> at all. | |
246 | ||
247 | =head2 Package Lexicals | |
248 | ||
249 | Package lexicals declared with C<my> in the main block of a package | |
250 | using B<AutoLoader> will not be visible to auto-loaded subroutines, due to | |
251 | the fact that the given scope ends at the C<__END__> marker. A module | |
252 | using such variables as package globals will not work properly under the | |
253 | B<AutoLoader>. | |
254 | ||
255 | The C<vars> pragma (see L<perlmod/"vars">) may be used in such | |
256 | situations as an alternative to explicitly qualifying all globals with | |
257 | the package namespace. Variables pre-declared with this pragma will be | |
258 | visible to any autoloaded routines (but will not be invisible outside | |
259 | the package, unfortunately). | |
260 | ||
261 | =head2 B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader> | |
262 | ||
263 | The B<AutoLoader> is similar in purpose to B<SelfLoader>: both delay the | |
264 | loading of subroutines. | |
265 | ||
266 | B<SelfLoader> uses the C<__DATA__> marker rather than C<__END__>. | |
267 | While this avoids the use of a hierarchy of disk files and the | |
268 | associated open/close for each routine loaded, B<SelfLoader> suffers a | |
269 | startup speed disadvantage in the one-time parsing of the lines after | |
270 | C<__DATA__>, after which routines are cached. B<SelfLoader> can also | |
271 | handle multiple packages in a file. | |
272 | ||
273 | B<AutoLoader> only reads code as it is requested, and in many cases | |
f610777f | 274 | should be faster, but requires a mechanism like B<AutoSplit> be used to |
1be0b951 CS |
275 | create the individual files. L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> will invoke |
276 | B<AutoSplit> automatically if B<AutoLoader> is used in a module source | |
277 | file. | |
278 | ||
279 | =head1 CAVEATS | |
280 | ||
281 | AutoLoaders prior to Perl 5.002 had a slightly different interface. Any | |
282 | old modules which use B<AutoLoader> should be changed to the new calling | |
283 | style. Typically this just means changing a require to a use, adding | |
284 | the explicit C<'AUTOLOAD'> import if needed, and removing B<AutoLoader> | |
285 | from C<@ISA>. | |
286 | ||
287 | On systems with restrictions on file name length, the file corresponding | |
288 | to a subroutine may have a shorter name that the routine itself. This | |
289 | can lead to conflicting file names. The I<AutoSplit> package warns of | |
290 | these potential conflicts when used to split a module. | |
291 | ||
adaafad2 GS |
292 | AutoLoader may fail to find the autosplit files (or even find the wrong |
293 | ones) in cases where C<@INC> contains relative paths, B<and> the program | |
294 | does C<chdir>. | |
295 | ||
1be0b951 CS |
296 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
297 | ||
298 | L<SelfLoader> - an autoloader that doesn't use external files. | |
299 | ||
300 | =cut |