A stream editor reads the input stream consisting of the specified files
(or standard input, if none are given), processes is line by line by
applying a script consisting of edit commands, and writes resulting lines
-to standard output. The filename `C<->' may be used to read standard input.
+to standard output. The filename 'C<->' may be used to read standard input.
The edit script is composed from arguments of B<-e> options and
script-files, in the given order. A single script argument may be specified
A sed address is either a line number or a pattern, which may be combined
arbitrarily to construct ranges. Lines are numbered across all input files.
-Any address may be followed by an exclamation mark (`C<!>'), selecting
+Any address may be followed by an exclamation mark ('C<!>'), selecting
all lines not matching that address.
=over 4
L<"BASIC REGULAR EXPRESSIONS">), between the delimiting character C</>.
Any other character except C<\> or newline may be used to delimit a
pattern address when the initial delimiter is prefixed with a
-backslash (`C<\>').
+backslash ('C<\>').
=back
Print the contents of the pattern space: non-printable characters are
shown in C-style escaped form; long lines are split and have a trailing
-`C<\>' at the point of the split; the true end of a line is marked with
-a `C<$>'. Escapes are: `\a', `\t', `\n', `\f', `\r', `\e' for
-BEL, HT, LF, FF, CR, ESC, respectively, and `\' followed by a three-digit
+^'C<\>' at the point of the split; the true end of a line is marked with
+a 'C<$>'. Escapes are: '\a', '\t', '\n', '\f', '\r', '\e' for
+BEL, HT, LF, FF, CR, ESC, respectively, and '\' followed by a three-digit
octal number for all other non-printable characters.
=cut
Any character other than backslash or newline can be used instead of a
slash to delimit the regular expression and the replacement.
To use the delimiter as a literal character within the regular expression
-and the replacement, precede the character by a backslash (`C<\>').
+and the replacement, precede the character by a backslash ('C<\>').
Literal newlines may be embedded in the replacement string by
preceding a newline with a backslash.
-Within the replacement, an ampersand (`C<&>') is replaced by the string
-matching the regular expression. The strings `C<\1>' through `C<\9>' are
+Within the replacement, an ampersand ('C<&>') is replaced by the string
+matching the regular expression. The strings 'C<\1>' through 'C<\9>' are
replaced by the corresponding subpattern (see L<"BASIC REGULAR EXPRESSIONS">).
-To get a literal `C<&>' or `C<\>' in the replacement text, precede it
+To get a literal 'C<&>' or 'C<\>' in the replacement text, precede it
by a backslash.
The following I<flags> modify the behaviour of the B<s> command:
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ComTab{'y'}=[ 2, 'tra', \&Emit, '' ]; #ok
+
=item [2addr]B<y>B</>I<string1>B</>I<string2>B</>
In the pattern space, replace all characters occurring in I<string1> by the
to use any character (other than a backslash or newline) instead of a
slash to delimit the strings. Within I<string1> and I<string2>, a
backslash followed by any character other than a newline is that literal
-character, and a backslash followed by an `n' is replaced by a newline
+character, and a backslash followed by an 'n' is replaced by a newline
character.
=cut
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ComTab{':'}=[ 0, 'str', \&Label, '' ]; #ok
-
+
=item [0addr]B<:> [I<label>]
The command specifies the position of the I<label>. It has no other effect.
=item [0addr]B<#> [I<comment>]
The entire line is ignored (treated as a comment). If, however, the first
-two characters in the script are `C<#n>', automatic printing of output is
+two characters in the script are 'C<#n>', automatic printing of output is
suppressed, as if the B<-n> option were given on the command line.
=back
if( defined( $jcom ) ){
$rc = Emit( $addr1, $addr2, $negated, $opcode, $arg, $fl );
} else {
- Warn( "unexpected `}'", $fl );
+ Warn( "unexpected '}'", $fl );
$rc = 1;
}
$rc;
my $fc = substr($fr,$i,1);
my $tc = substr($to,$i,1);
if( exists( $tr{$fc} ) && $tr{$fc} ne $tc ){
- Warn( "ambiguous translation for character `$fc' in `y' command",
+ Warn( "ambiguous translation for character '$fc' in 'y' command",
$fl );
$error++;
}
If the first character after B<[> is B<^>, the sense of matching is
inverted.
-To include a literal `C<^>', place it anywhere else but first. To
+To include a literal 'C<^>', place it anywhere else but first. To
include a literal 'C<]>' place it first or immediately after an
-initial B<^>. To include a literal `C<->' make it the first (or
+initial B<^>. To include a literal 'C<->' make it the first (or
second after B<^>) or last character, or the second endpoint of
a range.
The special bracket expression constructs C<[[:E<lt>:]]> and C<[[:E<gt>:]]>
match the null string at the beginning and end of a word respectively.
-(Note that neither is identical to Perl's `\b' atom.)
+(Note that neither is identical to Perl's '\b' atom.)
=head2 Additional Atoms
### backslash escapes
my $nc = peek($pat,$ic);
if( $nc eq '' ){
- Warn( "`\\' cannot be last in pattern", $fl );
+ Warn( "'\\' cannot be last in pattern", $fl );
return undef();
}
$ic++;
$parlev--;
$backref++;
if( $parlev < 0 ){
- Warn( "unmatched `\\)'", $fl );
+ Warn( "unmatched '\\)'", $fl );
return undef();
}
$res .= ')';
} elsif( $nc eq '{' ){ ## repetition factor \{<i>[,[<j>]]\}
my $endpos = index( $pat, '\\}', $ic );
if( $endpos < 0 ){
- Warn( "unmatched `\\{'", $fl );
+ Warn( "unmatched '\\{'", $fl );
return undef();
}
my $rep = substr( $pat, $ic+1, $endpos-($ic+1) );
my $max = $3;
if( length( $max ) ){
if( $max < $min ){
- Warn( "maximum less than minimum in `\\{$rep\\}'",
+ Warn( "maximum less than minimum in '\\{$rep\\}'",
$fl );
return undef();
}
$res .= "{$min$com$max}";
}
} else {
- Warn( "invalid repeat clause `\\{$rep\\}'", $fl );
+ Warn( "invalid repeat clause '\\{$rep\\}'", $fl );
return undef();
}
## \<closing bracketing-delimiter> - keep '\'
$res .= "\\$nc";
- } else { ## \ <char> => <char> ("as if `\' were not present")
+ } else { ## \ <char> => <char> ("as if '\' were not present")
$res .= $nc;
}
}
# check that [ is not trailing
if( $ic >= length( $pat ) - 1 ){
- Warn( "unmatched `['", $fl );
+ Warn( "unmatched '['", $fl );
return undef();
}
# look for [:...:] and x-y
if( $rstr =~ /^((?:\[:\(\w+|[><]\):\]|[^]-](?:-[^]])?)*)/ ){
my $cnt = $1;
$ic += length( $cnt );
- $cnt =~ s/([\\\$])/\\$1/g; # `\', `$' are magic in Perl []
+ $cnt =~ s/([\\\$])/\\$1/g; # '\', '$' are magic in Perl []
# try some simplifications
my $red = $cnt;
if( $red =~ s/0-9// ){
}
- ## may have a trailing `-' before `]'
+ ## may have a trailing '-' before ']'
if( $ic < length($pat) - 1 &&
substr( $pat, $ic+1 ) =~ /^(-?])/ ){
$ic += length( $1 );
$add =~ s/^\[(\^?)(\\[dw])]$/ $1 eq '^' ? uc($2) : $2 /e;
$res .= $add;
} else {
- Warn( "unmatched `['", $fl );
+ Warn( "unmatched '['", $fl );
return undef();
}
}
if( $parlev ){
- Warn( "unmatched `\\('", $fl );
+ Warn( "unmatched '\\('", $fl );
return undef();
}
### backslash escapes
my $nc = peek($subst,$ic);
if( $nc eq '' ){
- Warn( "`\\' cannot be last in substitution", $fl );
+ Warn( "'\\' cannot be last in substitution", $fl );
return undef();
}
$ic++;
next;
}
} else {
- Warn( "invalid address after `,'", $fl );
+ Warn( "invalid address after ','", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
}
- # address modifier `!'
+ # address modifier '!'
#
$negated = $cmd =~ s/^!\s*//;
if( defined( $addr1 ) ){
#
if( $cmd !~ s/^([:#={}abcdDgGhHilnNpPqrstwxy])\s*// ){
my $h = substr( $cmd, 0, 1 );
- Warn( "unknown command `$h'", $fl );
+ Warn( "unknown command '$h'", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
} elsif( $tabref->[1] eq 'sub' ){
# s///
if( ! length( $cmd ) ){
- Warn( "`s' command requires argument", $fl );
+ Warn( "'s' command requires argument", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
$write = $1 if $cmd =~ s/w\s*(.*)$//;
### $nmatch =~ s/^(\d)\1*$/$1/; ### may be dangerous?
if( $global && length( $nmatch ) || length( $nmatch ) > 1 ){
- Warn( "conflicting flags `$global$nmatch'", $fl );
+ Warn( "conflicting flags '$global$nmatch'", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
$Code .= "# $Commands[$icom]\n" if $doGenerate;
}
if( ! length( $cmd ) ){
- Warn( "`y' command requires argument", $fl );
+ Warn( "'y' command requires argument", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
my $d = substr( $cmd, 0, 1 ); $cmd = substr( $cmd, 1 );
if( $d eq '\\' ){
- Warn( "`\\' not valid as delimiter in `y' command", $fl );
+ Warn( "'\\' not valid as delimiter in 'y' command", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
my $fr = stripTrans( $d, \$cmd );
if( ! defined( $fr ) || ! length( $cmd ) ){
- Warn( "malformed `y' command argument", $fl );
+ Warn( "malformed 'y' command argument", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
my $to = stripTrans( $d, \$cmd );
if( ! defined( $to ) ){
- Warn( "malformed `y' command argument", $fl );
+ Warn( "malformed 'y' command argument", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
if( length($fr) != length($to) ){
- Warn( "string lengths in `y' command differ", $fl );
+ Warn( "string lengths in 'y' command differ", $fl );
$error++;
next;
}
while( @BlockStack ){
my $bl = pop( @BlockStack );
- Warn( "start of unterminated `{'", $bl );
+ Warn( "start of unterminated '{'", $bl );
$error++;
}
for my $lab ( keys( %Label ) ){
if( ! exists( $Label{$lab}{defined} ) ){
for my $used ( @{$Label{$lab}{used}} ){
- Warn( "undefined label `$lab'", $used );
+ Warn( "undefined label '$lab'", $used );
$error++;
}
}
} elsif( $opt eq 'a' ){
$doOpenWrite = 0;
} else {
- Warn( "illegal option `$opt'" );
+ Warn( "illegal option '$opt'" );
usage();
exit( 1 );
}
=over 4
-=item ambiguous translation for character `%s' in `y' command
+=item ambiguous translation for character '%s' in 'y' command
The indicated character appears twice, with different translations.
-=item `[' cannot be last in pattern
+=item '[' cannot be last in pattern
-A `[' in a BRE indicates the beginning of a I<bracket expression>.
+A '[' in a BRE indicates the beginning of a I<bracket expression>.
-=item `\' cannot be last in pattern
+=item '\' cannot be last in pattern
-A `\' in a BRE is used to make the subsequent character literal.
+A '\' in a BRE is used to make the subsequent character literal.
-=item `\' cannot be last in substitution
+=item '\' cannot be last in substitution
-A `\' in a substitution string is used to make the subsequent character literal.
+A '\' in a substitution string is used to make the subsequent character literal.
-=item conflicting flags `%s'
+=item conflicting flags '%s'
-In an B<s> command, either the `g' flag and an n-th occurrence flag, or
+In an B<s> command, either the 'g' flag and an n-th occurrence flag, or
multiple n-th occurrence flags are specified. Note that only the digits
-`1' through `9' are permitted.
+^'1' through '9' are permitted.
=item duplicate label %s (first defined at %s)
=item extra characters after command (%s)
-=item illegal option `%s'
+=item illegal option '%s'
=item improper delimiter in s command
-The BRE and substitution may not be delimited with `\' or newline.
+The BRE and substitution may not be delimited with '\' or newline.
-=item invalid address after `,'
+=item invalid address after ','
=item invalid backreference (%s)
The specified backreference number exceeds the number of backreferences
in the BRE.
-=item invalid repeat clause `\{%s\}'
+=item invalid repeat clause '\{%s\}'
The repeat clause does not contain a valid integer value, or pair of
values.
=item malformed substitution expression
-=item malformed `y' command argument
+=item malformed 'y' command argument
The first or second string of a B<y> command is syntactically incorrect.
-=item maximum less than minimum in `\{%s\}'
+=item maximum less than minimum in '\{%s\}'
=item no script command given
There must be at least one B<-e> or one B<-f> option specifying a
script or script file.
-=item `\' not valid as delimiter in `y' command
+=item '\' not valid as delimiter in 'y' command
=item option -e requires an argument
=item option -f requires an argument
-=item `s' command requires argument
+=item 's' command requires argument
-=item start of unterminated `{'
+=item start of unterminated '{'
-=item string lengths in `y' command differ
+=item string lengths in 'y' command differ
The translation table strings in a B<y> command must have equal lengths.
-=item undefined label `%s'
+=item undefined label '%s'
-=item unexpected `}'
+=item unexpected '}'
A B<}> command without a preceding B<{> command was encountered.
The end of the script was reached although a text line after a
B<a>, B<c> or B<i> command indicated another line.
-=item unknown command `%s'
+=item unknown command '%s'
-=item unterminated `['
+=item unterminated '['
A BRE contains an unterminated bracket expression.
-=item unterminated `\('
+=item unterminated '\('
A BRE contains an unterminated backreference.
-=item `\{' without closing `\}'
+=item '\{' without closing '\}'
A BRE contains an unterminated bounds specification.
-=item `\)' without preceding `\('
+=item '\)' without preceding '\('
-=item `y' command requires argument
+=item 'y' command requires argument
=back
=head1 BUGS
-The B<l> command will show escape characters (ESC) as `C<\e>', but
+The B<l> command will show escape characters (ESC) as 'C<\e>', but
a vertical tab (VT) in octal.
Trailing spaces are truncated from labels in B<:>, B<t> and B<b> commands.
-The meaning of an empty regular expression (`C<//>'), as defined by B<sed>,
+The meaning of an empty regular expression ('C<//>'), as defined by B<sed>,
is "the last pattern used, at run time". This deviates from the Perl
interpretation, which will re-use the "last last successfully executed
regular expression". Since keeping track of pattern usage would create
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff