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Too many 64-bitness option combinations.
[perl5.git] / op.c
diff --git a/op.c b/op.c
index 3f5541c..ed5a7eb 100644 (file)
--- a/op.c
+++ b/op.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*    op.c
  *
- *    Copyright (c) 1991-1999, Larry Wall
+ *    Copyright (c) 1991-2000, Larry Wall
  *
  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
 #include "EXTERN.h"
 #define PERL_IN_OP_C
 #include "perl.h"
+#include "keywords.h"
 
 /* #define PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC */
-                                                            
+
+/* XXXXXX testing */
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+#  define OP_REFCNT_LOCK               NOOP
+#  define OP_REFCNT_UNLOCK             NOOP
+#  define OpREFCNT_set(o,n)            ((o)->op_targ = (n))
+#  define OpREFCNT_dec(o)              (--(o)->op_targ)
+#else
+#  define OP_REFCNT_LOCK               NOOP
+#  define OP_REFCNT_UNLOCK             NOOP
+#  define OpREFCNT_set(o,n)            NOOP
+#  define OpREFCNT_dec(o)              0
+#endif
+
 #ifdef PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC 
 #define SLAB_SIZE 8192
 static char    *PL_OpPtr  = NULL;
@@ -96,9 +110,9 @@ S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, char *t, char *name, OP *kid)
 STATIC void
 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
 {
-    Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Bareword \"%s\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
-         SvPV_nolen(cSVOPo->op_sv));
-    ++PL_error_count;
+    qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
+                    "Bareword \"%s\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
+                    SvPV_nolen(cSVOPo_sv)));
 }
 
 /* "register" allocation */
@@ -111,9 +125,10 @@ Perl_pad_allocmy(pTHX_ char *name)
     SV *sv;
 
     if (!(
+       PL_in_my == KEY_our ||
        isALPHA(name[1]) ||
        (PL_hints & HINT_UTF8 && (name[1] & 0xc0) == 0xc0) ||
-       name[1] == '_' && (int)strlen(name) > 2))
+       name[1] == '_' && (int)strlen(name) > 2 ))
     {
        if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
            /* 1999-02-27 mjd@plover.com */
@@ -136,20 +151,43 @@ Perl_pad_allocmy(pTHX_ char *name)
        }
        yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %s in \"my\"",name));
     }
-    if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) && AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name) >= 0) {
+    if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC) && AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name) >= 0) {
        SV **svp = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name);
-       for (off = AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name); off > PL_comppad_name_floor; off--) {
+       HV *ourstash = (PL_curstash ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash);
+       PADOFFSET top = AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name);
+       for (off = top; off > PL_comppad_name_floor; off--) {
            if ((sv = svp[off])
                && sv != &PL_sv_undef
                && (SvIVX(sv) == PAD_MAX || SvIVX(sv) == 0)
+               && (PL_in_my != KEY_our
+                   || ((SvFLAGS(sv) & SVpad_OUR) && GvSTASH(sv) == ourstash))
                && strEQ(name, SvPVX(sv)))
            {
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
-                       "\"my\" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s", 
-                       name, (SvIVX(sv) == PAD_MAX ? "scope" : "statement"));
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC,
+                   "\"%s\" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s", 
+                   (PL_in_my == KEY_our ? "our" : "my"),
+                   name,
+                   (SvIVX(sv) == PAD_MAX ? "scope" : "statement"));
+               --off;
                break;
            }
        }
+       if (PL_in_my == KEY_our) {
+           while (off >= 0 && off <= top) {
+               if ((sv = svp[off])
+                   && sv != &PL_sv_undef
+                   && ((SvFLAGS(sv) & SVpad_OUR) && GvSTASH(sv) == ourstash)
+                   && strEQ(name, SvPVX(sv)))
+               {
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC,
+                       "\"our\" variable %s redeclared", name);
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC,
+                       "(Did you mean \"local\" instead of \"our\"?)\n");
+                   break;
+               }
+               --off;
+           }
+       }
     }
     off = pad_alloc(OP_PADSV, SVs_PADMY);
     sv = NEWSV(1102,0);
@@ -157,13 +195,18 @@ Perl_pad_allocmy(pTHX_ char *name)
     sv_setpv(sv, name);
     if (PL_in_my_stash) {
        if (*name != '$')
-           yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in \"my\"",
-                        name));
+           yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in \"%s\"",
+                        name, PL_in_my == KEY_our ? "our" : "my"));
        SvOBJECT_on(sv);
        (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
        SvSTASH(sv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(PL_in_my_stash);
        PL_sv_objcount++;
     }
+    if (PL_in_my == KEY_our) {
+       (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVGV);
+       GvSTASH(sv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(PL_curstash ? (SV*)PL_curstash : (SV*)PL_defstash);
+       SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVpad_OUR;
+    }
     av_store(PL_comppad_name, off, sv);
     SvNVX(sv) = (NV)PAD_MAX;
     SvIVX(sv) = 0;                     /* Not yet introduced--see newSTATEOP */
@@ -178,6 +221,31 @@ Perl_pad_allocmy(pTHX_ char *name)
     return off;
 }
 
+STATIC PADOFFSET
+S_pad_addlex(pTHX_ SV *proto_namesv)
+{
+    SV *namesv = NEWSV(1103,0);
+    PADOFFSET newoff = pad_alloc(OP_PADSV, SVs_PADMY);
+    sv_upgrade(namesv, SVt_PVNV);
+    sv_setpv(namesv, SvPVX(proto_namesv));
+    av_store(PL_comppad_name, newoff, namesv);
+    SvNVX(namesv) = (NV)PL_curcop->cop_seq;
+    SvIVX(namesv) = PAD_MAX;                   /* A ref, intro immediately */
+    SvFAKE_on(namesv);                         /* A ref, not a real var */
+    if (SvFLAGS(proto_namesv) & SVpad_OUR) {   /* An "our" variable */
+       SvFLAGS(namesv) |= SVpad_OUR;
+       (void)SvUPGRADE(namesv, SVt_PVGV);
+       GvSTASH(namesv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc((SV*)GvSTASH(proto_namesv));
+    }
+    if (SvOBJECT(proto_namesv)) {              /* A typed var */
+       SvOBJECT_on(namesv);
+       (void)SvUPGRADE(namesv, SVt_PVMG);
+       SvSTASH(namesv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc((SV*)SvSTASH(proto_namesv));
+       PL_sv_objcount++;
+    }
+    return newoff;
+}
+
 #define FINDLEX_NOSEARCH       1               /* don't search outer contexts */
 
 STATIC PADOFFSET
@@ -220,23 +288,10 @@ S_pad_findlex(pTHX_ char *name, PADOFFSET newoff, U32 seq, CV* startcv,
                    }
                    depth = 1;
                }
-               oldpad = (AV*)*av_fetch(curlist, depth, FALSE);
+               oldpad = (AV*)AvARRAY(curlist)[depth];
                oldsv = *av_fetch(oldpad, off, TRUE);
                if (!newoff) {          /* Not a mere clone operation. */
-                   SV *namesv = NEWSV(1103,0);
-                   newoff = pad_alloc(OP_PADSV, SVs_PADMY);
-                   sv_upgrade(namesv, SVt_PVNV);
-                   sv_setpv(namesv, name);
-                   av_store(PL_comppad_name, newoff, namesv);
-                   SvNVX(namesv) = (NV)PL_curcop->cop_seq;
-                   SvIVX(namesv) = PAD_MAX;    /* A ref, intro immediately */
-                   SvFAKE_on(namesv);          /* A ref, not a real var */
-                   if (SvOBJECT(sv)) {         /* A typed var */
-                       SvOBJECT_on(namesv);
-                       (void)SvUPGRADE(namesv, SVt_PVMG);
-                       SvSTASH(namesv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc((SV*)SvSTASH(sv));
-                       PL_sv_objcount++;
-                   }
+                   newoff = pad_addlex(sv);
                    if (CvANON(PL_compcv) || SvTYPE(PL_compcv) == SVt_PVFM) {
                        /* "It's closures all the way down." */
                        CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
@@ -250,8 +305,23 @@ S_pad_findlex(pTHX_ char *name, PADOFFSET newoff, U32 seq, CV* startcv,
                                 bcv && bcv != cv && !CvCLONE(bcv);
                                 bcv = CvOUTSIDE(bcv))
                            {
-                               if (CvANON(bcv))
+                               if (CvANON(bcv)) {
+                                   /* install the missing pad entry in intervening
+                                    * nested subs and mark them cloneable.
+                                    * XXX fix pad_foo() to not use globals */
+                                   AV *ocomppad_name = PL_comppad_name;
+                                   AV *ocomppad = PL_comppad;
+                                   SV **ocurpad = PL_curpad;
+                                   AV *padlist = CvPADLIST(bcv);
+                                   PL_comppad_name = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[0];
+                                   PL_comppad = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[1];
+                                   PL_curpad = AvARRAY(PL_comppad);
+                                   pad_addlex(sv);
+                                   PL_comppad_name = ocomppad_name;
+                                   PL_comppad = ocomppad;
+                                   PL_curpad = ocurpad;
                                    CvCLONE_on(bcv);
+                               }
                                else {
                                    if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSURE)
                                        && !CvUNIQUE(bcv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv))
@@ -305,6 +375,7 @@ S_pad_findlex(pTHX_ char *name, PADOFFSET newoff, U32 seq, CV* startcv,
                return 0;
            }
            break;
+       case CXt_FORMAT:
        case CXt_SUB:
            if (!saweval)
                return 0;
@@ -355,7 +426,7 @@ Perl_pad_findmy(pTHX_ char *name)
              seq > I_32(SvNVX(sv)))) &&
            strEQ(SvPVX(sv), name))
        {
-           if (SvIVX(sv))
+           if (SvIVX(sv) || SvFLAGS(sv) & SVpad_OUR)
                return (PADOFFSET)off;
            pendoff = off;      /* this pending def. will override import */
        }
@@ -434,7 +505,7 @@ Perl_pad_alloc(pTHX_ I32 optype, U32 tmptype)
                   (sv = names[PL_padix]) && sv != &PL_sv_undef)
                continue;
            sv = *av_fetch(PL_comppad, PL_padix, TRUE);
-           if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVs_PADTMP|SVs_PADMY)))
+           if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVs_PADTMP|SVs_PADMY)) && !IS_PADGV(sv))
                break;
        }
        retval = PL_padix;
@@ -442,12 +513,14 @@ Perl_pad_alloc(pTHX_ I32 optype, U32 tmptype)
     SvFLAGS(sv) |= tmptype;
     PL_curpad = AvARRAY(PL_comppad);
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%lx Pad 0x%lx alloc %ld for %s\n",
-                         (unsigned long) thr, (unsigned long) PL_curpad,
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                         "0x%"UVxf" Pad 0x%"UVxf" alloc %ld for %s\n",
+                         PTR2UV(thr), PTR2UV(PL_curpad),
                          (long) retval, PL_op_name[optype]));
 #else
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%lx alloc %ld for %s\n",
-                         (unsigned long) PL_curpad,
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                         "Pad 0x%"UVxf" alloc %ld for %s\n",
+                         PTR2UV(PL_curpad),
                          (long) retval, PL_op_name[optype]));
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
     return (PADOFFSET)retval;
@@ -458,13 +531,14 @@ Perl_pad_sv(pTHX_ PADOFFSET po)
 {
     dTHR;
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%lx Pad 0x%lx sv %d\n",
-                         (unsigned long) thr, (unsigned long) PL_curpad, po));
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                         "0x%"UVxf" Pad 0x%"UVxf" sv %"IVdf"\n",
+                         PTR2UV(thr), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (IV)po));
 #else
     if (!po)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_sv po");
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%lx sv %d\n",
-                         (unsigned long) PL_curpad, po));
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%"UVxf" sv %"IVdf"\n",
+                         PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (IV)po));
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
     return PL_curpad[po];              /* eventually we'll turn this into a macro */
 }
@@ -480,14 +554,19 @@ Perl_pad_free(pTHX_ PADOFFSET po)
     if (!po)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_free po");
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%lx Pad 0x%lx free %d\n",
-                         (unsigned long) thr, (unsigned long) PL_curpad, po));
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                         "0x%"UVxf" Pad 0x%"UVxf" free %"IVdf"\n",
+                         PTR2UV(thr), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (IV)po));
 #else
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%lx free %d\n",
-                         (unsigned long) PL_curpad, po));
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%"UVxf" free %"IVdf"\n",
+                         PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (IV)po));
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
-    if (PL_curpad[po] && PL_curpad[po] != &PL_sv_undef)
+    if (PL_curpad[po] && PL_curpad[po] != &PL_sv_undef) {
        SvPADTMP_off(PL_curpad[po]);
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+       SvREADONLY_off(PL_curpad[po]);  /* could be a freed constant */
+#endif
+    }
     if ((I32)po < PL_padix)
        PL_padix = po - 1;
 }
@@ -501,11 +580,12 @@ Perl_pad_swipe(pTHX_ PADOFFSET po)
     if (!po)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_swipe po");
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%lx Pad 0x%lx swipe %d\n",
-                         (unsigned long) thr, (unsigned long) PL_curpad, po));
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                         "0x%"UVxf" Pad 0x%"UVxf" swipe %"IVdf"\n",
+                         PTR2UV(thr), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (IV)po));
 #else
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%lx swipe %d\n",
-                         (unsigned long) PL_curpad, po));
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%"UVxf" swipe %"IVdf"\n",
+                         PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (IV)po));
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
     SvPADTMP_off(PL_curpad[po]);
     PL_curpad[po] = NEWSV(1107,0);
@@ -530,11 +610,12 @@ Perl_pad_reset(pTHX)
     if (AvARRAY(PL_comppad) != PL_curpad)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_reset curpad");
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%lx Pad 0x%lx reset\n",
-                         (unsigned long) thr, (unsigned long) PL_curpad));
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                         "0x%"UVxf" Pad 0x%"UVxf" reset\n",
+                         PTR2UV(thr), PTR2UV(PL_curpad)));
 #else
-    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%lx reset\n",
-                         (unsigned long) PL_curpad));
+    DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Pad 0x%"UVxf" reset\n",
+                         PTR2UV(PL_curpad)));
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
     if (!PL_tainting) {        /* Can't mix tainted and non-tainted temporaries. */
        for (po = AvMAX(PL_comppad); po > PL_padix_floor; po--) {
@@ -606,7 +687,7 @@ Perl_find_threadsv(pTHX_ const char *name)
        default:
            sv_magic(sv, 0, 0, name, 1); 
        }
-       DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
+       DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
                              "find_threadsv: new SV %p for $%s%c\n",
                              sv, (*name < 32) ? "^" : "",
                              (*name < 32) ? toCTRL(*name) : *name));
@@ -626,6 +707,26 @@ Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
     if (!o || o->op_seq == (U16)-1)
        return;
 
+    if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
+       switch (o->op_type) {
+       case OP_LEAVESUB:
+       case OP_LEAVESUBLV:
+       case OP_LEAVEEVAL:
+       case OP_LEAVE:
+       case OP_SCOPE:
+       case OP_LEAVEWRITE:
+           OP_REFCNT_LOCK;
+           if (OpREFCNT_dec(o)) {
+               OP_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
+               return;
+           }
+           OP_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
+           break;
+       default:
+           break;
+       }
+    }
+
     if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
        for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
            nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
@@ -677,8 +778,21 @@ S_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
     case OP_GVSV:
     case OP_GV:
     case OP_AELEMFAST:
-       SvREFCNT_dec(cGVOPo->op_gv);
-       cGVOPo->op_gv = Nullgv;
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+       if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
+           if (PL_curpad) {
+               GV *gv = cGVOPo_gv;
+               pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix);
+               /* No GvIN_PAD_off(gv) here, because other references may still
+                * exist on the pad */
+               SvREFCNT_dec(gv);
+           }
+           cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
+       }
+#else
+       SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
+       cSVOPo->op_sv = Nullsv;
+#endif
        break;
     case OP_CONST:
        SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
@@ -703,25 +817,48 @@ S_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
        break;
     case OP_SUBST:
        op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplroot);
-       cPMOPo->op_pmreplroot = Nullop;
-       /* FALL THROUGH */
+       goto clear_pmop;
     case OP_PUSHRE:
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+       if ((PADOFFSET)cPMOPo->op_pmreplroot) {
+           if (PL_curpad) {
+               GV *gv = (GV*)PL_curpad[(PADOFFSET)cPMOPo->op_pmreplroot];
+               pad_swipe((PADOFFSET)cPMOPo->op_pmreplroot);
+               /* No GvIN_PAD_off(gv) here, because other references may still
+                * exist on the pad */
+               SvREFCNT_dec(gv);
+           }
+       }
+#else
+       SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)cPMOPo->op_pmreplroot);
+#endif
+       /* FALL THROUGH */
     case OP_MATCH:
     case OP_QR:
+clear_pmop:
+       cPMOPo->op_pmreplroot = Nullop;
        ReREFCNT_dec(cPMOPo->op_pmregexp);
        cPMOPo->op_pmregexp = (REGEXP*)NULL;
        break;
     }
 
-    if (o->op_targ > 0)
+    if (o->op_targ > 0) {
        pad_free(o->op_targ);
+       o->op_targ = 0;
+    }
 }
 
 STATIC void
 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
 {
     Safefree(cop->cop_label);
-    SvREFCNT_dec(cop->cop_filegv);
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    Safefree(CopFILE(cop));            /* XXXXX share in a pvtable? */
+    Safefree(CopSTASHPV(cop));         /* XXXXX share in a pvtable? */
+#else
+    /* NOTE: COP.cop_stash is not refcounted */
+    SvREFCNT_dec(CopFILEGV(cop));
+#endif
     if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
        SvREFCNT_dec(cop->cop_warnings);
 }
@@ -782,12 +919,12 @@ S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
     if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
        dTHR;
        if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
-           line_t oldline = PL_curcop->cop_line;
+           line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
 
            if (PL_copline != NOLINE)
-               PL_curcop->cop_line = PL_copline;
+               CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_copline);
            Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_SYNTAX, "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
-           PL_curcop->cop_line = oldline;
+           CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
        }
     }
     return scalar(o);
@@ -801,12 +938,10 @@ Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
     /* assumes no premature commitment */
     if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) || PL_error_count
         || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
+    {
        return o;
+    }
 
-    if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
-       && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)) /* OPp share the meaning */
-       return scalar(o);                       /* As if inside SASSIGN */
-    
     o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
 
     switch (o->op_type) {
@@ -887,11 +1022,15 @@ Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
     want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
     if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR) || PL_error_count
         || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
+    {
        return o;
+    }
 
     if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
-       && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)) /* OPp share the meaning */
+       && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
+    {
        return scalar(o);                       /* As if inside SASSIGN */
+    }
     
     o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
 
@@ -976,7 +1115,7 @@ Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
     case OP_GGRGID:
     case OP_GETLOGIN:
       func_ops:
-       if (!(o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
+       if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
            useless = PL_op_desc[o->op_type];
        break;
 
@@ -984,13 +1123,13 @@ Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
     case OP_RV2SV:
     case OP_RV2AV:
     case OP_RV2HV:
-       if (!(o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
+       if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
                (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
            useless = "a variable";
        break;
 
     case OP_CONST:
-       sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
+       sv = cSVOPo_sv;
        if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
            no_bareword_allowed(o);
        else {
@@ -1089,11 +1228,15 @@ Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
     /* assumes no premature commitment */
     if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) || PL_error_count
         || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
+    {
        return o;
+    }
 
     if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
-       && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)) /* OPp share the meaning */
+       && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
+    {
        return o;                               /* As if inside SASSIGN */
+    }
     
     o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
 
@@ -1203,8 +1346,10 @@ Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
        return o;
 
     if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
-       && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)) /* OPp share the meaning */
+       && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
+    {
        return o;
+    }
     
     switch (o->op_type) {
     case OP_UNDEF:
@@ -1214,7 +1359,7 @@ Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
        if (!(o->op_private & (OPpCONST_ARYBASE)))
            goto nomod;
        if (PL_eval_start && PL_eval_start->op_type == OP_CONST) {
-           PL_compiling.cop_arybase = (I32)SvIV(((SVOP*)PL_eval_start)->op_sv);
+           PL_compiling.cop_arybase = (I32)SvIV(cSVOPx(PL_eval_start)->op_sv);
            PL_eval_start = 0;
        }
        else if (!type) {
@@ -1241,7 +1386,7 @@ Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
        }
        else {                          /* lvalue subroutine call */
            o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
-           if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB) {
+           if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
                /* Backward compatibility mode: */
                o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
                break;
@@ -1267,19 +1412,20 @@ Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
                    if (kid->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED
                        || kid->op_type == OP_METHOD)
                    {
-                       OP *new;
+                       UNOP *newop;
 
                        if (kid->op_sibling || kid->op_next != kid) {
                            yyerror("panic: unexpected optree near method call");
                            break;
                        }
                        
-                       NewOp(1101, new, 1, OP);
-                       new->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
-                       new->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
-                       new->op_next = new;
-                       kid->op_sibling = new;
-                       new->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
+                       NewOp(1101, newop, 1, UNOP);
+                       newop->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
+                       newop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
+                       newop->op_first = Nullop;
+                        newop->op_next = (OP*)newop;
+                       kid->op_sibling = (OP*)newop;
+                       newop->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
                        break;
                    }
                    
@@ -1317,7 +1463,7 @@ Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
                    break;
                }
                
-               cv = GvCV(kGVOP->op_gv);
+               cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
                if (!cv) 
                    goto restore_2cv;
                if (CvLVALUE(cv))
@@ -1585,7 +1731,7 @@ Perl_ref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
 
     switch (o->op_type) {
     case OP_ENTERSUB:
-       if ((type == OP_DEFINED || type == OP_LOCK) &&
+       if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED || type == OP_LOCK) &&
            !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
            o->op_type = OP_RV2CV;             /* entersub => rv2cv */
            o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
@@ -1731,12 +1877,19 @@ S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
            my_kid(kid, attrs);
     } else if (type == OP_UNDEF) {
        return o;
+    } else if (type == OP_RV2SV ||     /* "our" declaration */
+              type == OP_RV2AV ||
+              type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
+       o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
+       return o;
     } else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
             type != OP_PADAV &&
             type != OP_PADHV &&
             type != OP_PUSHMARK)
     {
-       yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in my", PL_op_desc[o->op_type]));
+       yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
+                         PL_op_desc[o->op_type],
+                         PL_in_my == KEY_our ? "our" : "my"));
        return o;
     }
     else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
@@ -1744,6 +1897,9 @@ S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
        SV *padsv;
        SV **namesvp;
 
+       PL_in_my = FALSE;
+       PL_in_my_stash = Nullhv;
+
        /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
        namesvp = av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, o->op_targ, FALSE);
        if (namesvp && *namesvp && SvOBJECT(*namesvp) && HvNAME(SvSTASH(*namesvp)))
@@ -1763,11 +1919,12 @@ Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
 {
     if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
        list(o);
-    PL_in_my = FALSE;
-    PL_in_my_stash = Nullhv;
     if (attrs)
        SAVEFREEOP(attrs);
-    return my_kid(o, attrs);
+    o = my_kid(o, attrs);
+    PL_in_my = FALSE;
+    PL_in_my_stash = Nullhv;
+    return o;
 }
 
 OP *
@@ -1790,7 +1947,7 @@ Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
     dTHR;
     OP *o;
 
-    if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) &&
+    if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC) &&
       (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
        left->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
        left->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
@@ -1798,10 +1955,10 @@ Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
       char *desc = PL_op_desc[(right->op_type == OP_SUBST ||
                             right->op_type == OP_TRANS)
                            ? right->op_type : OP_MATCH];
-      char *sample = ((left->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
-                       left->op_type == OP_PADAV)
-                      ? "@array" : "%hash");
-      Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+      const char *sample = ((left->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
+                            left->op_type == OP_PADAV)
+                           ? "@array" : "%hash");
+      Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC,
              "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)", 
              desc, sample, sample);
     }
@@ -1849,10 +2006,8 @@ Perl_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
                o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
                o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
                kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
-               if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE){
-                   kid->op_type = OP_SETSTATE;
-                   kid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SETSTATE];
-               }
+               if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
+                   null(kid);
            }
            else
                o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, Nullop);
@@ -1877,12 +2032,11 @@ Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
     int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
 
     SAVEI32(PL_comppad_name_floor);
-    if (full) {
-       if ((PL_comppad_name_fill = AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name)) > 0)
-           PL_comppad_name_floor = PL_comppad_name_fill;
-       else
-           PL_comppad_name_floor = 0;
-    }
+    PL_comppad_name_floor = AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name);
+    if (full)
+       PL_comppad_name_fill = PL_comppad_name_floor;
+    if (PL_comppad_name_floor < 0)
+       PL_comppad_name_floor = 0;
     SAVEI32(PL_min_intro_pending);
     SAVEI32(PL_max_intro_pending);
     PL_min_intro_pending = 0;
@@ -1892,13 +2046,11 @@ Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
     PL_pad_reset_pending = FALSE;
     SAVEHINTS();
     PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
-    SAVEPPTR(PL_compiling.cop_warnings); 
+    SAVESPTR(PL_compiling.cop_warnings); 
     if (! specialWARN(PL_compiling.cop_warnings)) {
         PL_compiling.cop_warnings = newSVsv(PL_compiling.cop_warnings) ;
         SAVEFREESV(PL_compiling.cop_warnings) ;
     }
-
-
     return retval;
 }
 
@@ -1941,6 +2093,8 @@ Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
                               ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
                                ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
        PL_eval_start = linklist(PL_eval_root);
+       PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
+       OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
        PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
        peep(PL_eval_start);
     }
@@ -1950,6 +2104,8 @@ Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
        PL_main_root = scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
        PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
        PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
+       PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
+       OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
        PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
        peep(PL_main_start);
        PL_compcv = 0;
@@ -1960,7 +2116,7 @@ Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
            if (cv) {
                dSP;
                PUSHMARK(SP);
-               XPUSHs((SV*)PL_compiling.cop_filegv);
+               XPUSHs((SV*)CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling));
                PUTBACK;
                call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
            }
@@ -1979,16 +2135,18 @@ Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
            char *s;
            for (s = PL_bufptr; *s && (isALNUM(*s) || (*s & 0x80) || strchr("@$%, ",*s)); s++) ;
            if (*s == ';' || *s == '=')
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PARENTHESIS, "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
-                               lex ? "my" : "local");
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PARENTHESIS,
+                           "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
+                           lex ? (PL_in_my == KEY_our ? "our" : "my") : "local");
        }
     }
-    PL_in_my = FALSE;
-    PL_in_my_stash = Nullhv;
     if (lex)
-       return my(o);
+       o = my(o);
     else
-       return mod(o, OP_NULL);         /* a bit kludgey */
+       o = mod(o, OP_NULL);            /* a bit kludgey */
+    PL_in_my = FALSE;
+    PL_in_my_stash = Nullhv;
+    return o;
 }
 
 OP *
@@ -2102,8 +2260,12 @@ Perl_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
        return o;
 
     if (!(PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)) {
-       if (type == OP_DIVIDE || !(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
+       if (type == OP_MODULO
+           || type == OP_DIVIDE
+           || !(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
+       {
            return o;
+       }
 
        for (curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first; curop; curop = curop->op_sibling) {
            if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST) {
@@ -2134,6 +2296,7 @@ Perl_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
 
     PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
     o->op_next = 0;
+    peep(curop);
     pp_pushmark();
     CALLRUNOPS(aTHX);
     PL_op = curop;
@@ -2444,7 +2607,7 @@ Perl_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
        I32 to_utf      = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
 
        if (complement) {
-           U8 tmpbuf[10];
+           U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN];
            U8** cp;
            UV nextmin = 0;
            New(1109, cp, tlen, U8*);
@@ -2546,15 +2709,19 @@ Perl_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
            if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
                diff = tdiff;   /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
                if (diff > 0)
-                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04x\t%04x\tXXXX\n", tfirst, tlast);
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
+                                  (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
                else
-                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04x\t\tXXXX\n", tfirst);
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
            }
            else {
                if (diff > 0)
-                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04x\t%04x\t%04x\n", tfirst, tfirst + diff, rfirst);
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
+                                  (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
+                                  (long)rfirst);
                else
-                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04x\t\t%04x\n", tfirst, rfirst);
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
+                                  (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
 
                if (rfirst + diff > max)
                    max = rfirst + diff;
@@ -2701,12 +2868,16 @@ Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
            p = SvPV(pat, plen);
            pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SKIPWHITE;
        }
+       if ((PL_hints & HINT_UTF8) || (SvUTF8(pat) && !(PL_hints & HINT_BYTE)))
+           pm->op_pmdynflags |= PMdf_UTF8;
        pm->op_pmregexp = CALLREGCOMP(aTHX_ p, p + plen, pm);
        if (strEQ("\\s+", pm->op_pmregexp->precomp))
            pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_WHITE;
        op_free(expr);
     }
     else {
+       if (PL_hints & HINT_UTF8)
+           pm->op_pmdynflags |= PMdf_UTF8;
        if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
            expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) 
                            ? OP_REGCRESET
@@ -2740,8 +2911,8 @@ Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
        OP *curop;
        if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
            curop = 0;
-           if (PL_curcop->cop_line < PL_multi_end)
-               PL_curcop->cop_line = PL_multi_end;
+           if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < PL_multi_end)
+               CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_multi_end);
        }
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
        else if (repl->op_type == OP_THREADSV
@@ -2765,7 +2936,7 @@ Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
                    }
 #else
                    if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
-                       GV *gv = ((GVOP*)curop)->op_gv;
+                       GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
                        repl_has_vars = 1;
                        if (strchr("&`'123456789+", *GvENAME(gv)))
                            break;
@@ -2846,21 +3017,35 @@ Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
 }
 
 OP *
+Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
+{
+    PADOP *padop;
+    NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
+    padop->op_type = type;
+    padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
+    padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
+    SvREFCNT_dec(PL_curpad[padop->op_padix]);
+    PL_curpad[padop->op_padix] = sv;
+    SvPADTMP_on(sv);
+    padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
+    padop->op_flags = flags;
+    if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
+       scalar((OP*)padop);
+    if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
+       padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
+    return CHECKOP(type, padop);
+}
+
+OP *
 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
 {
     dTHR;
-    GVOP *gvop;
-    NewOp(1101, gvop, 1, GVOP);
-    gvop->op_type = type;
-    gvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
-    gvop->op_gv = (GV*)SvREFCNT_inc(gv);
-    gvop->op_next = (OP*)gvop;
-    gvop->op_flags = flags;
-    if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
-       scalar((OP*)gvop);
-    if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
-       gvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
-    return CHECKOP(type, gvop);
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    GvIN_PAD_on(gv);
+    return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc(gv));
+#else
+    return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc(gv));
+#endif
 }
 
 OP *
@@ -2921,45 +3106,55 @@ Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *id, OP *arg)
 
     veop = Nullop;
 
-    if(version != Nullop) {
+    if (version != Nullop) {
        SV *vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
 
-       if (arg == Nullop && !SvNIOK(vesv)) {
+       if (arg == Nullop && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
            arg = version;
        }
        else {
            OP *pack;
+           SV *meth;
 
-           if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOK(vesv))
+           if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be constant number");
 
            /* Make copy of id so we don't free it twice */
            pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)id)->op_sv));
 
            /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
+           meth = newSVpvn("VERSION",7);
+           sv_upgrade(meth, SVt_PVIV);
+           SvIOK_on(meth);
+           PERL_HASH(SvUVX(meth), SvPVX(meth), SvCUR(meth));
            veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
                            append_elem(OP_LIST,
-                           prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
-                           newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0,
-                                   newSVpvn("VERSION", 7))));
+                                       prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
+                                       newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
        }
     }
 
     /* Fake up an import/unimport */
     if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB)
        imop = arg;             /* no import on explicit () */
-    else if(SvNIOK(((SVOP*)id)->op_sv)) {
+    else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)id)->op_sv)) {
        imop = Nullop;          /* use 5.0; */
     }
     else {
+       SV *meth;
+
        /* Make copy of id so we don't free it twice */
        pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)id)->op_sv));
+
+       /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
+       meth = aver ? newSVpvn("import",6) : newSVpvn("unimport", 8);;
+       sv_upgrade(meth, SVt_PVIV);
+       SvIOK_on(meth);
+       PERL_HASH(SvUVX(meth), SvPVX(meth), SvCUR(meth));
        imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
-                   append_elem(OP_LIST,
-                       prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
-                       newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0,
-                               aver ? newSVpvn("import", 6)
-                                    : newSVpvn("unimport", 8))));
+                      append_elem(OP_LIST,
+                                  prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
+                                  newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
     }
 
     /* Fake up a require, handle override, if any */
@@ -2989,6 +3184,7 @@ Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *id, OP *arg)
                newSTATEOP(0, Nullch, veop)),
            newSTATEOP(0, Nullch, imop) ));
 
+    PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
     PL_copline = NOLINE;
     PL_expect = XSTATE;
 }
@@ -3098,7 +3294,7 @@ Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
            for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
                if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
                    if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
-                       GV *gv = ((GVOP*)curop)->op_gv;
+                       GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
                        if (gv == PL_defgv || SvCUR(gv) == PL_generation)
                            break;
                        SvCUR(gv) = PL_generation;
@@ -3150,7 +3346,13 @@ Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
                {
                    tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
                    if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV && !pm->op_pmreplroot) {
-                       pm->op_pmreplroot = (OP*)((GVOP*)tmpop)->op_gv;
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+                       pm->op_pmreplroot = (OP*)cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
+                       cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0;   /* steal it */
+#else
+                       pm->op_pmreplroot = (OP*)cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv;
+                       cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = Nullsv;  /* steal it */
+#endif
                        pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
                        tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first;       /* to list (nulled) */
                        tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
@@ -3203,7 +3405,7 @@ Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
     register COP *cop;
 
     NewOp(1101, cop, 1, COP);
-    if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curcop->cop_line && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
+    if (PERLDB_LINE && CopLINE(PL_curcop) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
        cop->op_type = OP_DBSTATE;
        cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_DBSTATE ];
     }
@@ -3212,7 +3414,7 @@ Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
        cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_NEXTSTATE ];
     }
     cop->op_flags = flags;
-    cop->op_private = (PL_hints & HINT_UTF8);
+    cop->op_private = (PL_hints & HINT_BYTE);
 #ifdef NATIVE_HINTS
     cop->op_private |= NATIVE_HINTS;
 #endif
@@ -3232,20 +3434,23 @@ Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
 
 
     if (PL_copline == NOLINE)
-        cop->cop_line = PL_curcop->cop_line;
+        CopLINE_set(cop, CopLINE(PL_curcop));
     else {
-        cop->cop_line = PL_copline;
+       CopLINE_set(cop, PL_copline);
         PL_copline = NOLINE;
     }
-    cop->cop_filegv = (GV*)SvREFCNT_inc(PL_curcop->cop_filegv);
-    cop->cop_stash = PL_curstash;
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    CopFILE_set(cop, CopFILE(PL_curcop));      /* XXXXX share in a pvtable? */
+#else
+    CopFILEGV_set(cop, (GV*)SvREFCNT_inc(CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)));
+#endif
+    CopSTASH_set(cop, PL_curstash);
 
     if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
-       SV **svp = av_fetch(GvAV(PL_curcop->cop_filegv),(I32)cop->cop_line, FALSE);
+       SV **svp = av_fetch(CopFILEAV(PL_curcop), (I32)CopLINE(cop), FALSE);
        if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef && !SvIOK(*svp)) {
            (void)SvIOK_on(*svp);
-           SvIVX(*svp) = 1;
-           SvSTASH(*svp) = (HV*)cop;
+           SvIVX(*svp) = PTR2IV(cop);
        }
     }
 
@@ -3310,9 +3515,8 @@ S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
        }
     }
     if (first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
-       if (ckWARN(WARN_PRECEDENCE) && (first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
-           Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PRECEDENCE, "Probable precedence problem on %s", 
-                       PL_op_desc[type]);
+       if (ckWARN(WARN_BAREWORD) && (first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
+           Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_BAREWORD, "Bareword found in conditional"); 
        if ((type == OP_AND) == (SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv))) {
            op_free(first);
            *firstp = Nullop;
@@ -3330,7 +3534,7 @@ S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
        else
            scalar(other);
     }
-    else if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE) && (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
+    else if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC) && (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
        OP *k1 = ((UNOP*)first)->op_first;
        OP *k2 = k1->op_sibling;
        OPCODE warnop = 0;
@@ -3340,25 +3544,31 @@ S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
            if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
                  && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
                  && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR)) 
+           {
                warnop = k2->op_type;
+           }
            break;
 
        case OP_SASSIGN:
            if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
                  || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
+                 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
                  || k1->op_type == OP_EACH)
-               warnop = k1->op_type;
+           {
+               warnop = ((k1->op_type == OP_NULL)
+                         ? k1->op_targ : k1->op_type);
+           }
            break;
        }
        if (warnop) {
-           line_t oldline = PL_curcop->cop_line;
-           PL_curcop->cop_line = PL_copline;
-           Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+           line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
+           CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_copline);
+           Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC,
                 "Value of %s%s can be \"0\"; test with defined()",
                 PL_op_desc[warnop],
                 ((warnop == OP_READLINE || warnop == OP_GLOB)
                  ? " construct" : "() operator"));
-           PL_curcop->cop_line = oldline;
+           CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
        }
     }
 
@@ -3519,6 +3729,7 @@ Perl_newLOOPOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, OP *expr, OP *block)
              case OP_SASSIGN:
                if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
                      || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
+                     || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_NULL)
                      || k1->op_type == OP_EACH)
                    expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
                break;
@@ -3553,6 +3764,7 @@ Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop, I32 whileline, OP *
     OP *listop;
     OP *o;
     OP *condop;
+    U8 loopflags = 0;
 
     if (expr && (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
                 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB))) {
@@ -3572,6 +3784,7 @@ Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop, I32 whileline, OP *
          case OP_SASSIGN:
            if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
                  || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
+                 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
                  || k1->op_type == OP_EACH)
                expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
            break;
@@ -3580,9 +3793,14 @@ Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop, I32 whileline, OP *
 
     if (!block)
        block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
+    else if (cont) {
+       block = scope(block);
+    }
 
-    if (cont)
+    if (cont) {
        next = LINKLIST(cont);
+       loopflags |= OPpLOOP_CONTINUE;
+    }
     if (expr) {
        cont = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, cont, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0));
        if ((line_t)whileline != NOLINE) {
@@ -3625,6 +3843,7 @@ Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop, I32 whileline, OP *
 
     loop->op_redoop = redo;
     loop->op_lastop = o;
+    o->op_private |= loopflags;
 
     if (next)
        loop->op_nextop = next;
@@ -3652,11 +3871,13 @@ Perl_newFOROP(pTHX_ I32 flags,char *label,line_t forline,OP *sv,OP *expr,OP *blo
        }
        else if (sv->op_type == OP_PADSV) { /* private variable */
            padoff = sv->op_targ;
+           sv->op_targ = 0;
            op_free(sv);
            sv = Nullop;
        }
        else if (sv->op_type == OP_THREADSV) { /* per-thread variable */
            padoff = sv->op_targ;
+           sv->op_targ = 0;
            iterflags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
            op_free(sv);
            sv = Nullop;
@@ -3774,7 +3995,7 @@ Perl_cv_undef(pTHX_ CV *cv)
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
        ENTER;
 
-       SAVESPTR(PL_curpad);
+       SAVEVPTR(PL_curpad);
        PL_curpad = 0;
 
        if (!CvCLONED(cv))
@@ -3811,10 +4032,10 @@ Perl_cv_undef(pTHX_ CV *cv)
     }
 }
 
-#ifdef DEBUG_CLOSURES
 STATIC void
-cv_dump(CV *cv)
+S_cv_dump(pTHX_ CV *cv)
 {
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
     CV *outside = CvOUTSIDE(cv);
     AV* padlist = CvPADLIST(cv);
     AV* pad_name;
@@ -3823,13 +4044,14 @@ cv_dump(CV *cv)
     SV** ppad;
     I32 ix;
 
-    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\tCV=0x%lx (%s), OUTSIDE=0x%lx (%s)\n",
-                 cv,
+    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                 "\tCV=0x%"UVxf" (%s), OUTSIDE=0x%"UVxf" (%s)\n",
+                 PTR2UV(cv),
                  (CvANON(cv) ? "ANON"
                   : (cv == PL_main_cv) ? "MAIN"
                   : CvUNIQUE(cv) ? "UNIQUE"
                   : CvGV(cv) ? GvNAME(CvGV(cv)) : "UNDEFINED"),
-                 outside,
+                 PTR2UV(outside),
                  (!outside ? "null"
                   : CvANON(outside) ? "ANON"
                   : (outside == PL_main_cv) ? "MAIN"
@@ -3846,15 +4068,16 @@ cv_dump(CV *cv)
 
     for (ix = 1; ix <= AvFILLp(pad_name); ix++) {
        if (SvPOK(pname[ix]))
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t%4d. 0x%lx (%s\"%s\" %ld-%ld)\n",
-                         ix, ppad[ix],
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                         "\t%4d. 0x%"UVxf" (%s\"%s\" %"IVdf"-%"IVdf")\n",
+                         (int)ix, PTR2UV(ppad[ix]),
                          SvFAKE(pname[ix]) ? "FAKE " : "",
                          SvPVX(pname[ix]),
-                         (long)I_32(SvNVX(pname[ix])),
-                         (long)SvIVX(pname[ix]));
+                         (IV)I_32(SvNVX(pname[ix])),
+                         SvIVX(pname[ix]));
     }
+#endif /* DEBUGGING */
 }
-#endif /* DEBUG_CLOSURES */
 
 STATIC CV *
 S_cv_clone2(pTHX_ CV *proto, CV *outside)
@@ -3875,8 +4098,7 @@ S_cv_clone2(pTHX_ CV *proto, CV *outside)
     assert(!CvUNIQUE(proto));
 
     ENTER;
-    SAVESPTR(PL_curpad);
-    SAVESPTR(PL_comppad);
+    SAVECOMPPAD();
     SAVESPTR(PL_comppad_name);
     SAVESPTR(PL_compcv);
 
@@ -3891,7 +4113,7 @@ S_cv_clone2(pTHX_ CV *proto, CV *outside)
     MUTEX_INIT(CvMUTEXP(cv));
     CvOWNER(cv)                = 0;
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
-    CvFILEGV(cv)       = CvFILEGV(proto);
+    CvFILE(cv)         = CvFILE(proto);
     CvGV(cv)           = (GV*)SvREFCNT_inc(CvGV(proto));
     CvSTASH(cv)                = CvSTASH(proto);
     CvROOT(cv)         = CvROOT(proto);
@@ -3950,6 +4172,9 @@ S_cv_clone2(pTHX_ CV *proto, CV *outside)
                PL_curpad[ix] = sv;
            }
        }
+       else if (IS_PADGV(ppad[ix]) || IS_PADCONST(ppad[ix])) {
+           PL_curpad[ix] = SvREFCNT_inc(ppad[ix]);
+       }
        else {
            SV* sv = NEWSV(0,0);
            SvPADTMP_on(sv);
@@ -3992,9 +4217,9 @@ CV *
 Perl_cv_clone(pTHX_ CV *proto)
 {
     CV *cv;
-    MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_cred_mutex);                /* XXX create separate mutex */
+    LOCK_CRED_MUTEX;                   /* XXX create separate mutex */
     cv = cv_clone2(proto, CvOUTSIDE(proto));
-    MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_cred_mutex);      /* XXX create separate mutex */
+    UNLOCK_CRED_MUTEX;                 /* XXX create separate mutex */
     return cv;
 }
 
@@ -4003,7 +4228,7 @@ Perl_cv_ckproto(pTHX_ CV *cv, GV *gv, char *p)
 {
     dTHR;
 
-    if (((!p != !SvPOK(cv)) || (p && strNE(p, SvPVX(cv)))) && ckWARN_d(WARN_UNSAFE)) {
+    if (((!p != !SvPOK(cv)) || (p && strNE(p, SvPVX(cv)))) && ckWARN_d(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
        SV* msg = sv_newmortal();
        SV* name = Nullsv;
 
@@ -4011,7 +4236,7 @@ Perl_cv_ckproto(pTHX_ CV *cv, GV *gv, char *p)
            gv_efullname3(name = sv_newmortal(), gv, Nullch);
        sv_setpv(msg, "Prototype mismatch:");
        if (name)
-           Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, " sub %_", name);
+           Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, " sub %"SVf, name);
        if (SvPOK(cv))
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, " (%s)", SvPVX(cv));
        sv_catpv(msg, " vs ");
@@ -4019,7 +4244,7 @@ Perl_cv_ckproto(pTHX_ CV *cv, GV *gv, char *p)
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, "(%s)", p);
        else
            sv_catpv(msg, "none");
-       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE, "%_", msg);
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PROTOTYPE, "%"SVf, msg);
     }
 }
 
@@ -4036,10 +4261,10 @@ Perl_op_const_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, CV *cv)
 {
     SV *sv = Nullsv;
 
-    if(!o)
+    if (!o)
        return Nullsv;
  
-    if(o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ && cLISTOPo->op_first) 
+    if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ && cLISTOPo->op_first) 
        o = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
 
     for (; o; o = o->op_next) {
@@ -4053,9 +4278,9 @@ Perl_op_const_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, CV *cv)
            break;
        if (sv)
            return Nullsv;
-       if (type == OP_CONST)
+       if (type == OP_CONST && cSVOPo->op_sv)
            sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
-       else if (type == OP_PADSV && cv) {
+       else if ((type == OP_PADSV || type == OP_CONST) && cv) {
            AV* padav = (AV*)(AvARRAY(CvPADLIST(cv))[1]);
            sv = padav ? AvARRAY(padav)[o->op_targ] : Nullsv;
            if (!sv || (!SvREADONLY(sv) && SvREFCNT(sv) > 1))
@@ -4094,14 +4319,26 @@ Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
 {
     dTHR;
     STRLEN n_a;
-    char *name = o ? SvPVx(cSVOPo->op_sv, n_a) : Nullch;
-    GV *gv = gv_fetchpv(name ? name : "__ANON__",
-                       GV_ADDMULTI | ((block || attrs) ? 0 : GV_NOINIT),
-                       SVt_PVCV);
+    char *name;
+    char *aname;
+    GV *gv;
     char *ps = proto ? SvPVx(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv, n_a) : Nullch;
     register CV *cv=0;
     I32 ix;
 
+    name = o ? SvPVx(cSVOPo->op_sv, n_a) : Nullch;
+    if (!name && PERLDB_NAMEANON && CopLINE(PL_curcop)) {
+       SV *sv = sv_newmortal();
+       Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv, "__ANON__[%s:%"IVdf"]",
+                      CopFILE(PL_curcop), (IV)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
+       aname = SvPVX(sv);
+    }
+    else
+       aname = Nullch;
+    gv = gv_fetchpv(name ? name : (aname ? aname : "__ANON__"),
+                   GV_ADDMULTI | ((block || attrs) ? 0 : GV_NOINIT),
+                   SVt_PVCV);
+
     if (o)
        SAVEFREEOP(o);
     if (proto)
@@ -4113,9 +4350,9 @@ Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
                                           maximum a prototype before. */
        if (SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL) {
            if (!SvPOK((SV*)gv) && !(SvIOK((SV*)gv) && SvIVX((SV*)gv) == -1)
-               && ckWARN_d(WARN_UNSAFE))
+               && ckWARN_d(WARN_PROTOTYPE))
            {
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE, "Runaway prototype");
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PROTOTYPE, "Runaway prototype");
            }
            cv_ckproto((CV*)gv, NULL, ps);
        }
@@ -4147,19 +4384,16 @@ Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s", name);
            if (!block)
                goto withattrs;
-           if(const_sv = cv_const_sv(cv))
+           if (const_sv = cv_const_sv(cv))
                const_changed = sv_cmp(const_sv, op_const_sv(block, Nullcv));
-           if ((const_sv && const_changed) || ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE) 
-                                       && !(CvGV(cv) && GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))
-                                       && HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)))
-                                       && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
-                                                "autouse"))) {
-               line_t oldline = PL_curcop->cop_line;
-               PL_curcop->cop_line = PL_copline;
+           if ((const_sv || const_changed) && ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE))
+           {
+               line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
+               CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_copline);
                Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REDEFINE,
                        const_sv ? "Constant subroutine %s redefined"
                                 : "Subroutine %s redefined", name);
-               PL_curcop->cop_line = oldline;
+               CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
            }
            SvREFCNT_dec(cv);
            cv = Nullcv;
@@ -4217,7 +4451,7 @@ Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
        }
     }
     CvGV(cv) = (GV*)SvREFCNT_inc(gv);
-    CvFILEGV(cv) = PL_curcop->cop_filegv;
+    CvFILE(cv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
     CvSTASH(cv) = PL_curstash;
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
     CvOWNER(cv) = 0;
@@ -4259,12 +4493,25 @@ Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
     if (AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name) < AvFILLp(PL_comppad))
        av_store(PL_comppad_name, AvFILLp(PL_comppad), Nullsv);
 
+    if (CvLVALUE(cv)) {
+       CvROOT(cv) = newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUBLV, 0, scalarseq(block));
+    }
+    else {
+       CvROOT(cv) = newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUB, 0, scalarseq(block));
+    }
+    CvROOT(cv)->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
+    OpREFCNT_set(CvROOT(cv), 1);
+    CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
+    CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
+    peep(CvSTART(cv));
+
+    /* now that optimizer has done its work, adjust pad values */
     if (CvCLONE(cv)) {
        SV **namep = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name);
        for (ix = AvFILLp(PL_comppad); ix > 0; ix--) {
            SV *namesv;
 
-           if (SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[ix]))
+           if (SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[ix]) || IS_PADGV(PL_curpad[ix]) || IS_PADCONST(PL_curpad[ix]))
                continue;
            /*
             * The only things that a clonable function needs in its
@@ -4288,65 +4535,62 @@ Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
        AvFLAGS(av) = AVf_REIFY;
 
        for (ix = AvFILLp(PL_comppad); ix > 0; ix--) {
-           if (SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[ix]))
+           if (SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[ix]) || IS_PADGV(PL_curpad[ix]) || IS_PADCONST(PL_curpad[ix]))
                continue;
            if (!SvPADMY(PL_curpad[ix]))
                SvPADTMP_on(PL_curpad[ix]);
        }
     }
 
-    if(CvLVALUE(cv)) {
-       CvROOT(cv) = newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUBLV, 0, scalarseq(block));
-    }
-    else {
-       CvROOT(cv) = newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUB, 0, scalarseq(block));
-    }
-    CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
-    CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
-    peep(CvSTART(cv));
-
-    if (name) {
+    if (name || aname) {
        char *s;
+       char *tname = (name ? name : aname);
 
        if (PERLDB_SUBLINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
            SV *sv = NEWSV(0,0);
            SV *tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
            GV *db_postponed = gv_fetchpv("DB::postponed", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
-           CV *cv;
+           CV *pcv;
            HV *hv;
+           char *t;
 
-           Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%_:%ld-%ld",
-                   GvSV(PL_curcop->cop_filegv),
-                   (long)PL_subline, (long)PL_curcop->cop_line);
+           Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s:%ld-%ld",
+                          CopFILE(PL_curcop),
+                          (long)PL_subline, (long)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
            gv_efullname3(tmpstr, gv, Nullch);
            hv_store(GvHV(PL_DBsub), SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), sv, 0);
            hv = GvHVn(db_postponed);
            if (HvFILL(hv) > 0 && hv_exists(hv, SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr))
-                 && (cv = GvCV(db_postponed))) {
+               && (pcv = GvCV(db_postponed)))
+           {
                dSP;
                PUSHMARK(SP);
                XPUSHs(tmpstr);
                PUTBACK;
-               call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
+               call_sv((SV*)pcv, G_DISCARD);
            }
        }
 
-       if ((s = strrchr(name,':')))
+       if ((s = strrchr(tname,':')))
            s++;
        else
-           s = name;
+           s = tname;
+
+       if (*s != 'B' && *s != 'E' && *s != 'C' && *s != 'I')
+           goto done;
+
        if (strEQ(s, "BEGIN")) {
            I32 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
            ENTER;
-           SAVESPTR(PL_compiling.cop_filegv);
-           SAVEI16(PL_compiling.cop_line);
+           SAVECOPFILE(&PL_compiling);
+           SAVECOPLINE(&PL_compiling);
            save_svref(&PL_rs);
            sv_setsv(PL_rs, PL_nrs);
 
            if (!PL_beginav)
                PL_beginav = newAV();
            DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
-           av_push(PL_beginav, (SV *)cv);
+           av_push(PL_beginav, SvREFCNT_inc(cv));
            GvCV(gv) = 0;
            call_list(oldscope, PL_beginav);
 
@@ -4357,13 +4601,23 @@ Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
        else if (strEQ(s, "END") && !PL_error_count) {
            if (!PL_endav)
                PL_endav = newAV();
+           DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
            av_unshift(PL_endav, 1);
-           av_store(PL_endav, 0, (SV *)cv);
+           av_store(PL_endav, 0, SvREFCNT_inc(cv));
+           GvCV(gv) = 0;
+       }
+       else if (strEQ(s, "CHECK") && !PL_error_count) {
+           if (!PL_checkav)
+               PL_checkav = newAV();
+           DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
+           av_unshift(PL_checkav, 1);
+           av_store(PL_checkav, 0, SvREFCNT_inc(cv));
            GvCV(gv) = 0;
        }
        else if (strEQ(s, "INIT") && !PL_error_count) {
            if (!PL_initav)
                PL_initav = newAV();
+           DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
            av_push(PL_initav, SvREFCNT_inc(cv));
            GvCV(gv) = 0;
        }
@@ -4376,19 +4630,37 @@ Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
 }
 
 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
+/*
+=for apidoc newCONSTSUB
+
+Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
+eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+
+=cut
+*/
+
 void
 Perl_newCONSTSUB(pTHX_ HV *stash, char *name, SV *sv)
 {
     dTHR;
-    U32 oldhints = PL_hints;
-    HV *old_cop_stash = PL_curcop->cop_stash;
-    HV *old_curstash = PL_curstash;
-    line_t oldline = PL_curcop->cop_line;
-    PL_curcop->cop_line = PL_copline;
 
+    ENTER;
+    SAVECOPLINE(PL_curcop);
+    SAVEHINTS();
+
+    CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_copline);
     PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
-    if(stash)
-       PL_curstash = PL_curcop->cop_stash = stash;
+
+    if (stash) {
+       SAVESPTR(PL_curstash);
+       SAVECOPSTASH(PL_curcop);
+       PL_curstash = stash;
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+       CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop) = stash ? HvNAME(stash) : Nullch;
+#else
+       CopSTASH(PL_curcop) = stash;
+#endif
+    }
 
     newATTRSUB(
        start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
@@ -4398,12 +4670,17 @@ Perl_newCONSTSUB(pTHX_ HV *stash, char *name, SV *sv)
        newSTATEOP(0, Nullch, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv))
     );
 
-    PL_hints = oldhints;
-    PL_curcop->cop_stash = old_cop_stash;
-    PL_curstash = old_curstash;
-    PL_curcop->cop_line = oldline;
+    LEAVE;
 }
 
+/*
+=for apidoc U||newXS
+
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
+
+=cut
+*/
+
 CV *
 Perl_newXS(pTHX_ char *name, XSUBADDR_t subaddr, char *filename)
 {
@@ -4422,11 +4699,11 @@ Perl_newXS(pTHX_ char *name, XSUBADDR_t subaddr, char *filename)
            if (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE) && !(CvGV(cv) && GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))
                            && HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)))
                            && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "autouse"))) {
-               line_t oldline = PL_curcop->cop_line;
+               line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
                if (PL_copline != NOLINE)
-                   PL_curcop->cop_line = PL_copline;
+                   CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_copline);
                Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REDEFINE, "Subroutine %s redefined",name);
-               PL_curcop->cop_line = oldline;
+               CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
            }
            SvREFCNT_dec(cv);
            cv = 0;
@@ -4450,7 +4727,9 @@ Perl_newXS(pTHX_ char *name, XSUBADDR_t subaddr, char *filename)
     MUTEX_INIT(CvMUTEXP(cv));
     CvOWNER(cv) = 0;
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
-    CvFILEGV(cv) = gv_fetchfile(filename);
+    (void)gv_fetchfile(filename);
+    CvFILE(cv) = filename;     /* NOTE: not copied, as it is expected to be
+                                  an external constant string */
     CvXSUB(cv) = subaddr;
 
     if (name) {
@@ -4459,29 +4738,41 @@ Perl_newXS(pTHX_ char *name, XSUBADDR_t subaddr, char *filename)
            s++;
        else
            s = name;
+
+       if (*s != 'B' && *s != 'E' && *s != 'C' && *s != 'I')
+           goto done;
+
        if (strEQ(s, "BEGIN")) {
            if (!PL_beginav)
                PL_beginav = newAV();
-           av_push(PL_beginav, (SV *)cv);
+           av_push(PL_beginav, SvREFCNT_inc(cv));
            GvCV(gv) = 0;
        }
        else if (strEQ(s, "END")) {
            if (!PL_endav)
                PL_endav = newAV();
            av_unshift(PL_endav, 1);
-           av_store(PL_endav, 0, (SV *)cv);
+           av_store(PL_endav, 0, SvREFCNT_inc(cv));
+           GvCV(gv) = 0;
+       }
+       else if (strEQ(s, "CHECK")) {
+           if (!PL_checkav)
+               PL_checkav = newAV();
+           av_unshift(PL_checkav, 1);
+           av_store(PL_checkav, 0, SvREFCNT_inc(cv));
            GvCV(gv) = 0;
        }
        else if (strEQ(s, "INIT")) {
            if (!PL_initav)
                PL_initav = newAV();
-           av_push(PL_initav, (SV *)cv);
+           av_push(PL_initav, SvREFCNT_inc(cv));
            GvCV(gv) = 0;
        }
     }
     else
        CvANON_on(cv);
 
+done:
     return cv;
 }
 
@@ -4503,18 +4794,18 @@ Perl_newFORM(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *block)
     GvMULTI_on(gv);
     if (cv = GvFORM(gv)) {
        if (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
-           line_t oldline = PL_curcop->cop_line;
+           line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
 
-           PL_curcop->cop_line = PL_copline;
+           CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_copline);
            Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REDEFINE, "Format %s redefined",name);
-           PL_curcop->cop_line = oldline;
+           CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
        }
        SvREFCNT_dec(cv);
     }
     cv = PL_compcv;
     GvFORM(gv) = cv;
     CvGV(cv) = (GV*)SvREFCNT_inc(gv);
-    CvFILEGV(cv) = PL_curcop->cop_filegv;
+    CvFILE(cv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
 
     for (ix = AvFILLp(PL_comppad); ix > 0; ix--) {
        if (!SvPADMY(PL_curpad[ix]) && !SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[ix]))
@@ -4522,6 +4813,8 @@ Perl_newFORM(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *block)
     }
 
     CvROOT(cv) = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEWRITE, 0, scalarseq(block));
+    CvROOT(cv)->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
+    OpREFCNT_set(CvROOT(cv), 1);
     CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
     CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
     peep(CvSTART(cv));
@@ -4736,11 +5029,22 @@ Perl_ck_delete(pTHX_ OP *o)
     o->op_private = 0;
     if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
        OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
-       if (kid->op_type == OP_HSLICE)
+       switch (kid->op_type) {
+       case OP_ASLICE:
+           o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
+           /* FALL THROUGH */
+       case OP_HSLICE:
            o->op_private |= OPpSLICE;
-       else if (kid->op_type != OP_HELEM)
-           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a HASH element or slice",
+           break;
+       case OP_AELEM:
+           o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
+           /* FALL THROUGH */
+       case OP_HELEM:
+           break;
+       default:
+           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice",
                  PL_op_desc[o->op_type]);
+       }
        null(kid);
     }
     return o;
@@ -4826,8 +5130,18 @@ Perl_ck_exists(pTHX_ OP *o)
     o = ck_fun(o);
     if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
        OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
-       if (kid->op_type != OP_HELEM)
-           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a HASH element", PL_op_desc[o->op_type]);
+       if (kid->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB) {
+           (void) ref(kid, o->op_type);
+           if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV && !PL_error_count)
+               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a subroutine name",
+                          PL_op_desc[o->op_type]);
+           o->op_private |= OPpEXISTS_SUB;
+       }
+       else if (kid->op_type == OP_AELEM)
+           o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
+       else if (kid->op_type != OP_HELEM)
+           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element",
+                      PL_op_desc[o->op_type]);
        null(kid);
     }
     return o;
@@ -4939,7 +5253,14 @@ Perl_ck_rvconst(pTHX_ register OP *o)
        if (gv) {
            kid->op_type = OP_GV;
            SvREFCNT_dec(kid->op_sv);
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+           /* XXX hack: dependence on sizeof(PADOP) <= sizeof(SVOP) */
+           kPADOP->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_GV, SVs_PADTMP);
+           GvIN_PAD_on(gv);
+           PL_curpad[kPADOP->op_padix] = SvREFCNT_inc(gv);
+#else
            kid->op_sv = SvREFCNT_inc(gv);
+#endif
            kid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_GV];
        }
     }
@@ -4952,10 +5273,10 @@ Perl_ck_ftst(pTHX_ OP *o)
     dTHR;
     I32 type = o->op_type;
 
-    if (o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
-       return o;
-
-    if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_STUB) {
+    if (o->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
+       /* nothing */
+    }
+    else if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_STUB) {
        SVOP *kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
 
        if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) {
@@ -4963,17 +5284,24 @@ Perl_ck_ftst(pTHX_ OP *o)
            OP *newop = newGVOP(type, OPf_REF,
                gv_fetchpv(SvPVx(kid->op_sv, n_a), TRUE, SVt_PVIO));
            op_free(o);
-           return newop;
+           o = newop;
        }
     }
     else {
        op_free(o);
        if (type == OP_FTTTY)
-           return newGVOP(type, OPf_REF, gv_fetchpv("main::STDIN", TRUE,
+           o =  newGVOP(type, OPf_REF, gv_fetchpv("main::STDIN", TRUE,
                                SVt_PVIO));
        else
-           return newUNOP(type, 0, newDEFSVOP());
+           o = newUNOP(type, 0, newDEFSVOP());
+    }
+#ifdef USE_LOCALE
+    if (type == OP_FTTEXT || type == OP_FTBINARY) {
+       o->op_private = 0;
+       if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
+           o->op_private |= OPpLOCALE;
     }
+#endif
     return o;
 }
 
@@ -5036,17 +5364,10 @@ Perl_ck_fun(pTHX_ OP *o)
                    char *name = SvPVx(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, n_a);
                    OP *newop = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0,
                        gv_fetchpv(name, TRUE, SVt_PVAV) ));
-#ifdef IV_IS_QUAD
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
-                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_SYNTAX,
-                           "Array @%s missing the @ in argument %" PERL_PRId64 " of %s()",
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED))
+                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED,
+                           "Array @%s missing the @ in argument %"IVdf" of %s()",
                            name, (IV)numargs, PL_op_desc[type]);
-#else
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
-                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_SYNTAX,
-                           "Array @%s missing the @ in argument %ld of %s()",
-                           name, (long)numargs, PL_op_desc[type]);
-#endif
                    op_free(kid);
                    kid = newop;
                    kid->op_sibling = sibl;
@@ -5063,17 +5384,10 @@ Perl_ck_fun(pTHX_ OP *o)
                    char *name = SvPVx(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, n_a);
                    OP *newop = newHVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0,
                        gv_fetchpv(name, TRUE, SVt_PVHV) ));
-#ifdef IV_IS_QUAD
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
-                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_SYNTAX,
-                           "Hash %%%s missing the %% in argument %" PERL_PRId64 " of %s()",
+                   if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED))
+                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED,
+                           "Hash %%%s missing the %% in argument %"IVdf" of %s()",
                            name, (IV)numargs, PL_op_desc[type]);
-#else
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
-                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_SYNTAX,
-                           "Hash %%%s missing the %% in argument %ld of %s()",
-                           name, (long)numargs, PL_op_desc[type]);
-#endif
                    op_free(kid);
                    kid = newop;
                    kid->op_sibling = sibl;
@@ -5112,26 +5426,46 @@ Perl_ck_fun(pTHX_ OP *o)
                    else {
                        I32 flags = OPf_SPECIAL;
                        I32 priv = 0;
+                       PADOFFSET targ = 0;
+
                        /* is this op a FH constructor? */
                        if (is_handle_constructor(o,numargs)) {
-                           flags   = 0;                         
-                           /* Set a flag to tell rv2gv to vivify 
+                           char *name = Nullch;
+                           STRLEN len;
+
+                           flags = 0;
+                           /* Set a flag to tell rv2gv to vivify
                             * need to "prove" flag does not mean something
                             * else already - NI-S 1999/05/07
-                            */ 
-                           priv = OPpDEREF; 
-#if 0
-                           /* Helps with open($array[$n],...) 
-                              but is too simplistic - need to do selectively
-                           */
-                           mod(kid,type);
-#endif
+                            */
+                           priv = OPpDEREF;
+                           if (kid->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
+                               SV **namep = av_fetch(PL_comppad_name,
+                                                     kid->op_targ, 4);
+                               if (namep && *namep)
+                                   name = SvPV(*namep, len);
+                           }
+                           else if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2SV
+                                    && kUNOP->op_first->op_type == OP_GV)
+                           {
+                               GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(kUNOP->op_first);
+                               name = GvNAME(gv);
+                               len = GvNAMELEN(gv);
+                           }
+                           if (name) {
+                               SV *namesv;
+                               targ = pad_alloc(OP_RV2GV, SVs_PADTMP);
+                               namesv = PL_curpad[targ];
+                               SvUPGRADE(namesv, SVt_PV);
+                               if (*name != '$')
+                                   sv_setpvn(namesv, "$", 1);
+                               sv_catpvn(namesv, name, len);
+                           }
                        }
                        kid->op_sibling = 0;
                        kid = newUNOP(OP_RV2GV, flags, scalar(kid));
-                       if (priv) {
-                           kid->op_private |= priv;
-                       }
+                       kid->op_targ = targ;
+                       kid->op_private |= priv;
                    }
                    kid->op_sibling = sibl;
                    *tokid = kid;
@@ -5170,12 +5504,26 @@ Perl_ck_glob(pTHX_ OP *o)
 {
     GV *gv;
 
+    o = ck_fun(o);
     if ((o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && !cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling)
        append_elem(OP_GLOB, o, newDEFSVOP());
 
     if (!((gv = gv_fetchpv("glob", FALSE, SVt_PVCV)) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)))
        gv = gv_fetchpv("CORE::GLOBAL::glob", FALSE, SVt_PVCV);
 
+#if !defined(PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB)
+    /* XXX this can be tightened up and made more failsafe. */
+    if (!gv) {
+       OP *modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn("File::Glob", 10));
+       modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
+       ENTER;
+       utilize(1, start_subparse(FALSE, 0), Nullop, modname,
+               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvn(":globally", 9)));
+       gv = gv_fetchpv("CORE::GLOBAL::glob", FALSE, SVt_PVCV);
+       LEAVE;
+    }
+#endif /* PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB */
+
     if (gv && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
        append_elem(OP_GLOB, o,
                    newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(PL_glob_index++)));
@@ -5195,7 +5543,7 @@ Perl_ck_glob(pTHX_ OP *o)
     gv_IOadd(gv);
     append_elem(OP_GLOB, o, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv));
     scalarkids(o);
-    return ck_fun(o);
+    return o;
 }
 
 OP *
@@ -5295,7 +5643,7 @@ Perl_ck_defined(pTHX_ OP *o)              /* 19990527 MJD */
            break;                      /* Globals via GV can be undef */ 
        case OP_PADHV:
            Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED,
-                       "defined(%hash) is deprecated");
+                       "defined(%%hash) is deprecated");
            Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED,
                        "(Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)\n");
            break;
@@ -5372,7 +5720,9 @@ Perl_ck_sassign(pTHX_ OP *o)
     OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
     /* has a disposable target? */
     if ((PL_opargs[kid->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
-       && !(kid->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
+       && !(kid->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
+       /* Cannot steal the second time! */
+       && !(kid->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY))
     {
        OP *kkid = kid->op_sibling;
 
@@ -5380,27 +5730,8 @@ Perl_ck_sassign(pTHX_ OP *o)
        if (kkid && kkid->op_type == OP_PADSV
            && !(kkid->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
        {
-           /* Concat has problems if target is equal to right arg. */
-           if (kid->op_type == OP_CONCAT
-               && kLISTOP->op_first->op_sibling->op_type == OP_PADSV
-               && kLISTOP->op_first->op_sibling->op_targ == kkid->op_targ)
-           {
-               return o;
-           }
-           if (kid->op_type == OP_JOIN) {
-               /* do_join has problems the arguments coincide with target.
-                  In fact the second argument *can* safely coincide,
-                  but ignore=pessimize this rare occasion. */
-               OP *arg = kLISTOP->op_first->op_sibling; /* Skip PUSHMARK */
-
-               while (arg) {
-                   if (arg->op_type == OP_PADSV
-                       && arg->op_targ == kkid->op_targ)
-                       return o;
-                   arg = arg->op_sibling;
-               }
-           }
            kid->op_targ = kkid->op_targ;
+           kkid->op_targ = 0;
            /* Now we do not need PADSV and SASSIGN. */
            kid->op_sibling = o->op_sibling;    /* NULL */
            cLISTOPo->op_first = NULL;
@@ -5609,6 +5940,7 @@ S_simplify_sort(pTHX_ OP *o)
     register OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
     OP *k;
     int reversed;
+    GV *gv;
     if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
        return;
     GvMULTI_on(gv_fetchpv("a", TRUE, SVt_PV)); 
@@ -5632,11 +5964,12 @@ S_simplify_sort(pTHX_ OP *o)
     if (kUNOP->op_first->op_type != OP_GV)
        return;
     kid = kUNOP->op_first;                             /* get past rv2sv */
-    if (GvSTASH(kGVOP->op_gv) != PL_curstash)
+    gv = kGVOP_gv;
+    if (GvSTASH(gv) != PL_curstash)
        return;
-    if (strEQ(GvNAME(kGVOP->op_gv), "a"))
+    if (strEQ(GvNAME(gv), "a"))
        reversed = 0;
-    else if(strEQ(GvNAME(kGVOP->op_gv), "b"))
+    else if (strEQ(GvNAME(gv), "b"))
        reversed = 1;
     else
        return;
@@ -5647,10 +5980,11 @@ S_simplify_sort(pTHX_ OP *o)
     if (kUNOP->op_first->op_type != OP_GV)
        return;
     kid = kUNOP->op_first;                             /* get past rv2sv */
-    if (GvSTASH(kGVOP->op_gv) != PL_curstash
+    gv = kGVOP_gv;
+    if (GvSTASH(gv) != PL_curstash
        || ( reversed
-           ? strNE(GvNAME(kGVOP->op_gv), "a")
-           : strNE(GvNAME(kGVOP->op_gv), "b")))
+           ? strNE(GvNAME(gv), "a")
+           : strNE(GvNAME(gv), "b")))
        return;
     o->op_flags &= ~(OPf_STACKED | OPf_SPECIAL);
     if (reversed)
@@ -5756,11 +6090,12 @@ Perl_ck_subr(pTHX_ OP *o)
        null(cvop);             /* disable rv2cv */
        tmpop = (SVOP*)((UNOP*)cvop)->op_first;
        if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV && !(o->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER)) {
-           cv = GvCVu(tmpop->op_sv);
+           GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(tmpop);
+           cv = GvCVu(gv);
            if (!cv)
                tmpop->op_private |= OPpEARLY_CV;
            else if (SvPOK(cv)) {
-               namegv = CvANON(cv) ? (GV*)tmpop->op_sv : CvGV(cv);
+               namegv = CvANON(cv) ? gv : CvGV(cv);
                proto = SvPV((SV*)cv, n_a);
            }
        }
@@ -5823,7 +6158,7 @@ Perl_ck_subr(pTHX_ OP *o)
                                (gvop = ((UNOP*)gvop)->op_first) &&
                                gvop->op_type == OP_GV)
                            {
-                               GV *gv = (GV*)((SVOP*)gvop)->op_sv;
+                               GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(gvop);
                                OP *sibling = o2->op_sibling;
                                SV *n = newSVpvn("",0);
                                op_free(o2);
@@ -5941,7 +6276,7 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
        return;
     ENTER;
     SAVEOP();
-    SAVESPTR(PL_curcop);
+    SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
     for (; o; o = o->op_next) {
        if (o->op_seq)
            break;
@@ -5960,32 +6295,34 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
        case OP_CONST:
            if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
                no_bareword_allowed(o);
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+           /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
+            * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
+            * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
+           if (cSVOP->op_sv) {
+               PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
+               SvREFCNT_dec(PL_curpad[ix]);
+               SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
+               PL_curpad[ix] = cSVOPo->op_sv;
+               cSVOPo->op_sv = Nullsv;
+               o->op_targ = ix;
+           }
+#endif
            /* FALL THROUGH */
        case OP_UC:
        case OP_UCFIRST:
        case OP_LC:
        case OP_LCFIRST:
-           if ( o->op_next && o->op_next->op_type == OP_STRINGIFY
-                && !(o->op_next->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) )
-               null(o->op_next);
-           o->op_seq = PL_op_seqmax++;
-           break;
        case OP_CONCAT:
        case OP_JOIN:
        case OP_QUOTEMETA:
            if (o->op_next && o->op_next->op_type == OP_STRINGIFY) {
                if (o->op_next->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
-                   if ((o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) /* chained concats */
-                       || (o->op_type == OP_CONCAT
-           /* Concat has problems if target is equal to right arg. */
-                           && (((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type
-                               == OP_PADSV)
-                           && (((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_targ
-                               == o->op_next->op_targ))) {
+                   if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) /* chained concats */
                        goto ignore_optimization;
-                   }
                    else {
                        o->op_targ = o->op_next->op_targ;
+                       o->op_next->op_targ = 0;
                        o->op_private |= OPpTARGET_MY;
                    }
                }
@@ -6023,7 +6360,8 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
            if (o->op_next->op_type == OP_RV2SV) {
                if (!(o->op_next->op_private & OPpDEREF)) {
                    null(o->op_next);
-                   o->op_private |= o->op_next->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO;
+                   o->op_private |= o->op_next->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO
+                                                              | OPpOUR_INTRO);
                    o->op_next = o->op_next->op_next;
                    o->op_type = OP_GVSV;
                    o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_GVSV];
@@ -6041,6 +6379,7 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
                                <= 255 &&
                    i >= 0)
                {
+                   GV *gv;
                    null(o->op_next);
                    null(pop->op_next);
                    null(pop);
@@ -6049,16 +6388,17 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
                    o->op_type = OP_AELEMFAST;
                    o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AELEMFAST];
                    o->op_private = (U8)i;
-                   GvAVn(((GVOP*)o)->op_gv);
+                   gv = cGVOPo_gv;
+                   GvAVn(gv);
                }
            }
-           else if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE)) {
-               GV *gv = cGVOPo->op_gv;
+           else if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
+               GV *gv = cGVOPo_gv;
                if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX(GvCV(gv))) {
                    /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
                    SV *sv = sv_newmortal();
                    gv_efullname3(sv, gv, Nullch);
-                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE,
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PROTOTYPE,
                                "%s() called too early to check prototype",
                                SvPV_nolen(sv));
                }
@@ -6103,12 +6443,14 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
                        o->op_next->op_sibling->op_type != OP_EXIT &&
                        o->op_next->op_sibling->op_type != OP_WARN &&
                        o->op_next->op_sibling->op_type != OP_DIE) {
-                   line_t oldline = PL_curcop->cop_line;
-
-                   PL_curcop->cop_line = ((COP*)o->op_next)->cop_line;
-                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_SYNTAX, "Statement unlikely to be reached");
-                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_SYNTAX, "(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
-                   PL_curcop->cop_line = oldline;
+                   line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
+
+                   CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_next));
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_EXEC,
+                               "Statement unlikely to be reached");
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_EXEC,
+                               "(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
+                   CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
                }
            }
            break;
@@ -6117,11 +6459,12 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
            UNOP *rop;
            SV *lexname;
            GV **fields;
-           SV **svp, **indsvp;
+           SV **svp, **indsvp, *sv;
            I32 ind;
            char *key;
            STRLEN keylen;
        
+           o->op_seq = PL_op_seqmax++;
            if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
                || ((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
                break;
@@ -6134,11 +6477,11 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
            fields = (GV**)hv_fetch(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", 6, FALSE);
            if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
                break;
-           svp = &((SVOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_last)->op_sv;
+           svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
            key = SvPV(*svp, keylen);
            indsvp = hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key, keylen, FALSE);
            if (!indsvp) {
-               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such field \"%s\" in variable %s of type %s",
+               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such pseudo-hash field \"%s\" in variable %s of type %s",
                      key, SvPV(lexname, n_a), HvNAME(SvSTASH(lexname)));
            }
            ind = SvIV(*indsvp);
@@ -6148,21 +6491,91 @@ Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
            rop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
            o->op_type = OP_AELEM;
            o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AELEM];
+           sv = newSViv(ind);
+           if (SvREADONLY(*svp))
+               SvREADONLY_on(sv);
+           SvFLAGS(sv) |= (SvFLAGS(*svp)
+                           & (SVs_PADBUSY|SVs_PADTMP|SVs_PADMY));
            SvREFCNT_dec(*svp);
-           *svp = newSViv(ind);
+           *svp = sv;
+           break;
+       }
+       
+       case OP_HSLICE: {
+           UNOP *rop;
+           SV *lexname;
+           GV **fields;
+           SV **svp, **indsvp, *sv;
+           I32 ind;
+           char *key;
+           STRLEN keylen;
+           SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
+
+           o->op_seq = PL_op_seqmax++;
+           if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
+               /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
+               || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
+               /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
+               break;
+           rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
+           if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
+               break;
+           lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
+           if (!SvOBJECT(lexname))
+               break;
+           fields = (GV**)hv_fetch(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", 6, FALSE);
+           if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
+               break;
+           /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
+           first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
+               ->op_first->op_sibling;
+           /* Check that the key list contains only constants. */
+           for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
+                key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling)
+               if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
+                   break;
+           if (key_op)
+               break;
+           rop->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
+           rop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
+           o->op_type = OP_ASLICE;
+           o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ASLICE];
+           for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
+                key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
+               svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
+               key = SvPV(*svp, keylen);
+               indsvp = hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key, keylen, FALSE);
+               if (!indsvp) {
+                   Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such pseudo-hash field \"%s\" "
+                              "in variable %s of type %s",
+                         key, SvPV(lexname, n_a), HvNAME(SvSTASH(lexname)));
+               }
+               ind = SvIV(*indsvp);
+               if (ind < 1)
+                   Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad index while coercing array into hash");
+               sv = newSViv(ind);
+               if (SvREADONLY(*svp))
+                   SvREADONLY_on(sv);
+               SvFLAGS(sv) |= (SvFLAGS(*svp)
+                               & (SVs_PADBUSY|SVs_PADTMP|SVs_PADMY));
+               SvREFCNT_dec(*svp);
+               *svp = sv;
+           }
            break;
        }
 
        case OP_RV2AV:
        case OP_RV2HV:
            if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
-               || o->op_flags & OPf_WANT == OPf_WANT_LIST)
+               || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST)
+           {
                last_composite = o;
+           }
            o->op_seq = PL_op_seqmax++;
            break;
 
        case OP_RETURN:
-           if (o->op_next->op_type != OP_LEAVESUBLV) {
+           if (o->op_next && o->op_next->op_type != OP_LEAVESUBLV) {
                o->op_seq = PL_op_seqmax++;
                break;
            }