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(??{ }) anomaly
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index 85f0e45..7850492 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
  *
  ****    Alterations to Henry's code are...
  ****
- ****    Copyright (c) 1991-2001, Larry Wall
+ ****    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, Larry Wall
  ****
  ****    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
  ****    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
 #define PERL_IN_REGCOMP_C
 #include "perl.h"
 
-#ifdef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
-#  if defined(PERL_CAPI) || defined(PERL_OBJECT)
-#    include "XSUB.h"
-#  endif
-#else
+#ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
 #  include "INTERN.h"
 #endif
 
@@ -115,9 +111,11 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
     U16                flags16;                /* are we folding, multilining? */
     char       *precomp;               /* uncompiled string. */
     regexp     *rx;
+    char       *start;                 /* Start of input for compile */
     char       *end;                   /* End of input for compile */
     char       *parse;                 /* Input-scan pointer. */
     I32                whilem_seen;            /* number of WHILEM in this expr */
+    regnode    *emit_start;            /* Start of emitted-code area */
     regnode    *emit;                  /* Code-emit pointer; &regdummy = don't = compiling */
     I32                naughty;                /* How bad is this pattern? */
     I32                sawback;                /* Did we see \1, ...? */
@@ -137,10 +135,13 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
 #define RExC_flags16   (pRExC_state->flags16)
 #define RExC_precomp   (pRExC_state->precomp)
 #define RExC_rx                (pRExC_state->rx)
+#define RExC_start     (pRExC_state->start)
 #define RExC_end       (pRExC_state->end)
 #define RExC_parse     (pRExC_state->parse)
 #define RExC_whilem_seen       (pRExC_state->whilem_seen)
+#define RExC_offsets   (pRExC_state->rx->offsets) /* I am not like the others */
 #define RExC_emit      (pRExC_state->emit)
+#define RExC_emit_start        (pRExC_state->emit_start)
 #define RExC_naughty   (pRExC_state->naughty)
 #define RExC_sawback   (pRExC_state->sawback)
 #define RExC_seen      (pRExC_state->seen)
@@ -245,10 +246,10 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  * of t/op/regmesg.t, the tests in t/op/re_tests, and those in
  * op/pragma/warn/regcomp.
  */
-#define MARKER1 "HERE"      /* marker as it appears in the description */
-#define MARKER2 " << HERE "  /* marker as it appears within the regex */
+#define MARKER1 "<-- HERE"    /* marker as it appears in the description */
+#define MARKER2 " <-- HERE "  /* marker as it appears within the regex */
 
-#define REPORT_LOCATION " before " MARKER1 " mark in regex m/%.*s" MARKER2 "%s/"
+#define REPORT_LOCATION " in regex; marked by " MARKER1 " in m/%.*s" MARKER2 "%s/"
 
 /*
  * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then calls Perl_croak with the given
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 #define        FAIL(msg)                                                             \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
         char *ellipses = "";                                                 \
-        unsigned len = strlen(RExC_precomp);                                \
+        IV len = RExC_end - RExC_precomp;                                \
                                                                              \
        if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                                      \
            SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);                 \
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 #define        FAIL2(pat,msg)                                                        \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
         char *ellipses = "";                                                 \
-        unsigned len = strlen(RExC_precomp);                                \
+        IV len = RExC_end - RExC_precomp;                                \
                                                                              \
        if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                                      \
            SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);                 \
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  */
 #define        Simple_vFAIL(m)                                                      \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+      IV offset = RExC_parse - RExC_precomp; \
                                                                              \
       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s" REPORT_LOCATION,               \
                 m, (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);     \
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  */
 #define        Simple_vFAIL2(m,a1)                                                  \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+      IV offset = RExC_parse - RExC_precomp; \
                                                                              \
       S_re_croak2(aTHX_ m, REPORT_LOCATION, a1,       \
                  (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);       \
@@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  */
 #define        Simple_vFAIL3(m, a1, a2)                                             \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+      IV offset = RExC_parse - RExC_precomp; \
                                                                              \
       S_re_croak2(aTHX_ m, REPORT_LOCATION, a1, a2,   \
                  (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);       \
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  */
 #define        Simple_vFAIL4(m, a1, a2, a3)                                         \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+      IV offset = RExC_parse - RExC_precomp; \
                                                                              \
       S_re_croak2(aTHX_ m, REPORT_LOCATION, a1, a2, a3,\
                  (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);       \
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  */
 #define        Simple_vFAIL5(m, a1, a2, a3, a4)                                     \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-RExC_parse); \
+      IV offset = RExC_parse - RExC_precomp; \
       S_re_croak2(aTHX_ m, REPORT_LOCATION, a1, a2, a3, a4,\
                  (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);       \
     } STMT_END
@@ -383,15 +384,23 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 
 #define        vWARN(loc,m)                                                         \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-        unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-(loc));          \
+        IV offset = loc - RExC_precomp;          \
        Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, "%s" REPORT_LOCATION,\
                 m, (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);          \
     } STMT_END                                                               \
 
+#define        vWARNdep(loc,m)                                                         \
+    STMT_START {                                                             \
+        IV offset = loc - RExC_precomp;          \
+        int warn_cat = ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) ? WARN_REGEXP : WARN_DEPRECATED;  \
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ warn_cat, "%s" REPORT_LOCATION,\
+                m, (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);          \
+    } STMT_END                                                               \
+
 
 #define        vWARN2(loc, m, a1)                                                   \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-        unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-(loc));          \
+        IV offset = loc - RExC_precomp;          \
        Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, m REPORT_LOCATION,\
                  a1,                                                         \
                 (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);        \
@@ -399,7 +408,7 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 
 #define        vWARN3(loc, m, a1, a2)                                               \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp) - (RExC_end - (loc));        \
+      IV offset = loc - RExC_precomp;        \
        Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, m REPORT_LOCATION,                    \
                  a1, a2,                                                     \
                 (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);        \
@@ -407,17 +416,70 @@ static scan_data_t zero_scan_data = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 
 #define        vWARN4(loc, m, a1, a2, a3)                                           \
     STMT_START {                                                             \
-      unsigned offset = strlen(RExC_precomp)-(RExC_end-(loc));            \
+      IV offset = loc - RExC_precomp;            \
        Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, m REPORT_LOCATION,\
                  a1, a2, a3,                                                 \
                 (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);        \
     } STMT_END
 
+/* used for the parse_flags section for (?c) -- japhy */
+#define        vWARN5(loc, m, a1, a2, a3, a4)                                       \
+  STMT_START {                                                   \
+      IV offset = loc - RExC_precomp;   \
+        Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REGEXP, m REPORT_LOCATION,      \
+                 a1, a2, a3, a4,                                 \
+                 (int)offset, RExC_precomp, RExC_precomp + offset);  \
+    } STMT_END
+
 
 /* Allow for side effects in s */
-#define REGC(c,s) STMT_START { if (!SIZE_ONLY) *(s) = (c); else (s);} STMT_END
+#define REGC(c,s) STMT_START { if (!SIZE_ONLY) *(s) = (c); else (void)(s);} STMT_END
+
+/* Macros for recording node offsets.   20001227 mjd@plover.com 
+ * Nodes are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4.  Node #n's position is recorded in
+ * element 2*n-1 of the array.  Element #2n holds the byte length node #n.
+ * Element 0 holds the number n.
+ */
 
-static void clear_re(pTHXo_ void *r);
+#define MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG(x)
+/* #define MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG(x) fprintf x */
+
+
+#  define Set_Node_Offset_To_R(node,byte)                           \
+   STMT_START {                                        \
+     if (! SIZE_ONLY) {                                  \
+       if((node) < 0) {                   \
+         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "value of node is %d in Offset macro", node); \
+       } else {                                                        \
+         RExC_offsets[2*(node)-1] = (byte);                               \
+       }                                                               \
+     }                                                                 \
+   } STMT_END
+
+#  define Set_Node_Offset(node,byte) Set_Node_Offset_To_R((node)-RExC_emit_start, (byte)-RExC_start)
+#  define Set_Cur_Node_Offset Set_Node_Offset(RExC_emit, RExC_parse)
+
+#  define Set_Node_Length_To_R(node,len)                            \
+   STMT_START {                                        \
+     if (! SIZE_ONLY) {                                  \
+       MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "** (%d) size of node %d is %d.\n", __LINE__, (node), (len))); \
+       if((node) < 0) {                   \
+         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "value of node is %d in Length macro", node); \
+       } else {                                                        \
+         RExC_offsets[2*(node)] = (len);                               \
+       }                                                               \
+     }                                                                 \
+   } STMT_END
+
+#  define Set_Node_Length(node,len) Set_Node_Length_To_R((node)-RExC_emit_start, len)
+#  define Set_Cur_Node_Length(len)  Set_Node_Length(RExC_emit, len)
+#  define Set_Node_Cur_Length(node)   Set_Node_Length(node, RExC_parse - parse_start)
+
+/* Get offsets and lengths */
+#define Node_Offset(n) (RExC_offsets[2*((n)-RExC_emit_start)-1])
+#define Node_Length(n) (RExC_offsets[2*((n)-RExC_emit_start)])
+
+static void clear_re(pTHX_ void *r);
 
 /* Mark that we cannot extend a found fixed substring at this point.
    Updata the longest found anchored substring and the longest found
@@ -460,11 +522,8 @@ S_scan_commit(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, scan_data_t *data)
 STATIC void
 S_cl_anything(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
 {
-    int value;
-
     ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(cl);
-    for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value)
-       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(cl, value);
+    ANYOF_BITMAP_SETALL(cl);
     cl->flags = ANYOF_EOS|ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
     if (LOC)
        cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
@@ -481,9 +540,8 @@ S_cl_is_anything(pTHX_ struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
            return 1;
     if (!(cl->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL))
        return 0;
-    for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value)
-       if (!ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(cl, value))
-           return 0;
+    if (!ANYOF_BITMAP_TESTALLSET(cl))
+       return 0;
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -600,6 +658,17 @@ S_cl_or(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl, str
     }
 }
 
+/*
+ * There are strange code-generation bugs caused on sparc64 by gcc-2.95.2.
+ * These need to be revisited when a newer toolchain becomes available.
+ */
+#if defined(__sparc64__) && defined(__GNUC__)
+#   if __GNUC__ < 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 96)
+#       undef  SPARC64_GCC_WORKAROUND
+#       define SPARC64_GCC_WORKAROUND 1
+#   endif
+#endif
+
 /* REx optimizer.  Converts nodes into quickier variants "in place".
    Finds fixed substrings.  */
 
@@ -667,6 +736,50 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
                    n = nnext;
                }
            }
+
+           if (UTF && OP(scan) == EXACTF && STR_LEN(scan) >= 6) {
+/*
+  Two problematic code points in Unicode casefolding of EXACT nodes:
+
+   U+0390 - GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS
+   U+03B0 - GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS
+
+   which casefold to
+
+   Unicode                     UTF-8
+
+   U+03B9 U+0308 U+0301                0xCE 0xB9 0xCC 0x88 0xCC 0x81
+   U+03C5 U+0308 U+0301                0xCF 0x85 0xCC 0x88 0xCC 0x81
+
+   This means that in case-insensitive matching (or "loose matching",
+   as Unicode calls it), an EXACTF of length six (the UTF-8 encoded byte
+   length of the above casefolded versions) can match a target string
+   of length two (the byte length of UTF-8 encoded U+0390 or U+03B0).
+   This would rather mess up the minimum length computation.
+
+   What we'll do is to look for the tail four bytes, and then peek
+   at the preceding two bytes to see whether we need to decrease
+   the minimum length by four (six minus two).
+
+   Thanks to the design of UTF-8, there cannot be false matches:
+   A sequence of valid UTF-8 bytes cannot be a subsequence of
+   another valid sequence of UTF-8 bytes.
+
+*/
+                char *s0 = STRING(scan), *s, *t;
+                char *s1 = s0 + STR_LEN(scan) - 1, *s2 = s1 - 4;
+                char *t0 = "\xcc\x88\xcc\x81";
+                char *t1 = t0 + 3;
+                
+                for (s = s0 + 2;
+                     s < s2 && (t = ninstr(s, s1, t0, t1));
+                     s = t + 4) {
+                     if (((U8)t[-1] == 0xB9 && (U8)t[-2] == 0xCE) ||
+                         ((U8)t[-1] == 0x85 && (U8)t[-2] == 0xCF))
+                          min -= 4;
+                }
+           }
+
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
            /* Allow dumping */
            n = scan + NODE_SZ_STR(scan);
@@ -828,10 +941,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
                int compat = 1;
 
                if (uc >= 0x100 ||
-                   !(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                   (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
                    && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
                    && (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
                        || !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc])))
+                    )
                    compat = 0;
                ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
                ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
@@ -872,9 +986,9 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
                int compat = 1;
 
                if (uc >= 0x100 ||
-                   !(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                   (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
                    && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
-                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc]))
+                    && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc])))
                    compat = 0;
                ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
                ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
@@ -899,11 +1013,12 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
            flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
        }
        else if (strchr((char*)PL_varies,OP(scan))) {
-           I32 mincount, maxcount, minnext, deltanext, fl;
+           I32 mincount, maxcount, minnext, deltanext, fl = 0;
            I32 f = flags, pos_before = 0;
            regnode *oscan = scan;
            struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
            struct regnode_charclass_class *oclass = NULL;
+           I32 next_is_eval = 0;
 
            switch (PL_regkind[(U8)OP(scan)]) {
            case WHILEM:                /* End of (?:...)* . */
@@ -949,6 +1064,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
                    scan->flags = ((lp <= U8_MAX) ? lp : U8_MAX);
                }
                scan = NEXTOPER(scan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
+               next_is_eval = (OP(scan) == EVAL);
              do_curly:
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
                    if (mincount == 0) scan_commit(pRExC_state,data); /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
@@ -1009,8 +1125,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
                }
                if (!scan)              /* It was not CURLYX, but CURLY. */
                    scan = next;
-               if (ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && (minnext + deltanext == 0)
-                   && !(data->flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+               if (ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP)
+                      /* ? quantifier ok, except for (?{ ... }) */
+                   && (next_is_eval || !(mincount == 0 && maxcount == 1))
+                   && (minnext == 0) && (deltanext == 0)
+                   && data && !(data->flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
                    && maxcount <= REG_INFTY/3) /* Complement check for big count */
                {
                    vWARN(RExC_parse,
@@ -1031,7 +1150,10 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
                      && !deltanext && minnext == 1 ) {
                    /* Try to optimize to CURLYN.  */
                    regnode *nxt = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
-                   regnode *nxt1 = nxt, *nxt2;
+                   regnode *nxt1 = nxt;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+                   regnode *nxt2;
+#endif
 
                    /* Skip open. */
                    nxt = regnext(nxt);
@@ -1039,7 +1161,9 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
                        && !(PL_regkind[(U8)OP(nxt)] == EXACT
                             && STR_LEN(nxt) == 1))
                        goto nogo;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
                    nxt2 = nxt;
+#endif
                    nxt = regnext(nxt);
                    if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE)
                        goto nogo;
@@ -1134,11 +1258,28 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
                    int counted = mincount != 0;
 
                    if (data->last_end > 0 && mincount != 0) { /* Ends with a string. */
+#if defined(SPARC64_GCC_WORKAROUND)
+                       I32 b = 0;
+                       STRLEN l = 0;
+                       char *s = NULL;
+                       I32 old = 0;
+
+                       if (pos_before >= data->last_start_min)
+                           b = pos_before;
+                       else
+                           b = data->last_start_min;
+
+                       l = 0;
+                       s = SvPV(data->last_found, l);
+                       old = b - data->last_start_min;
+
+#else
                        I32 b = pos_before >= data->last_start_min
                            ? pos_before : data->last_start_min;
                        STRLEN l;
                        char *s = SvPV(data->last_found, l);
                        I32 old = b - data->last_start_min;
+#endif
 
                        if (UTF)
                            old = utf8_hop((U8*)s, old) - (U8*)s;
@@ -1210,7 +1351,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp, I32 *deltap, reg
            }
        }
        else if (strchr((char*)PL_simple,OP(scan))) {
-           int value;
+           int value = 0;
 
            if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
                scan_commit(pRExC_state,data);
@@ -1593,17 +1734,15 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
     if (exp == NULL)
        FAIL("NULL regexp argument");
 
-    /* XXXX This looks very suspicious... */
-    if (pm->op_pmdynflags & PMdf_CMP_UTF8)
-        RExC_utf8 = 1;
-    else
-        RExC_utf8 = 0;
+    RExC_utf8 = pm->op_pmdynflags & PMdf_CMP_UTF8;
 
     RExC_precomp = exp;
-    DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
-    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%sCompiling REx%s `%s%*s%s'\n",
-                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
-                     (int)(xend - exp), RExC_precomp, PL_colors[1]));
+    DEBUG_r({
+        if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors();
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%sCompiling REx%s `%s%*s%s'\n",
+                      PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                      (int)(xend - exp), RExC_precomp, PL_colors[1]);
+    });
     RExC_flags16 = pm->op_pmflags;
     RExC_sawback = 0;
 
@@ -1614,6 +1753,7 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
 
     /* First pass: determine size, legality. */
     RExC_parse = exp;
+    RExC_start = exp;
     RExC_end = xend;
     RExC_naughty = 0;
     RExC_npar = 1;
@@ -1660,13 +1800,24 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
     r->startp = 0;                     /* Useful during FAIL. */
     r->endp = 0;                       /* Useful during FAIL. */
 
+    Newz(1304, r->offsets, 2*RExC_size+1, U32); /* MJD 20001228 */
+    if (r->offsets) {
+      r->offsets[0] = RExC_size; 
+    }
+    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, 
+                          "%s %"UVuf" bytes for offset annotations.\n", 
+                          r->offsets ? "Got" : "Couldn't get", 
+                          (UV)((2*RExC_size+1) * sizeof(U32))));
+
     RExC_rx = r;
 
     /* Second pass: emit code. */
+    RExC_flags16 = pm->op_pmflags;     /* don't let top level (?i) bleed */
     RExC_parse = exp;
     RExC_end = xend;
     RExC_naughty = 0;
     RExC_npar = 1;
+    RExC_emit_start = r->program;
     RExC_emit = r->program;
     /* Store the count of eval-groups for security checks: */
     RExC_emit->next_off = ((RExC_seen_evals > U16_MAX) ? U16_MAX : RExC_seen_evals);
@@ -1679,7 +1830,7 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
     r->reganch = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME; /* Again? */
     pm->op_pmflags = RExC_flags16;
     if (UTF)
-       r->reganch |= ROPT_UTF8;
+        r->reganch |= ROPT_UTF8;       /* Unicode in it? */
     r->regstclass = NULL;
     if (RExC_naughty >= 10)    /* Probably an expensive pattern. */
        r->reganch |= ROPT_NAUGHTY;
@@ -1741,7 +1892,7 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
            first = NEXTOPER(first);
            goto again;
        }
-       else if ((OP(first) == STAR &&
+       else if (!sawopen && (OP(first) == STAR &&
            PL_regkind[(U8)OP(NEXTOPER(first))] == REG_ANY) &&
            !(r->reganch & ROPT_ANCH) )
        {
@@ -1853,7 +2004,6 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
        if ((!r->anchored_substr || r->anchored_offset) && stclass_flag
            && !(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
            && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class)) {
-           SV *sv;
            I32 n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "f");
 
            New(1006, RExC_rx->data->data[n], 1,
@@ -1864,10 +2014,11 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
            r->regstclass = (regnode*)RExC_rx->data->data[n];
            r->reganch &= ~ROPT_SKIP;   /* Used in find_byclass(). */
            PL_regdata = r->data; /* for regprop() */
-           DEBUG_r((sv = sv_newmortal(),
-                    regprop(sv, (regnode*)data.start_class),
-                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "synthetic stclass `%s'.\n",
-                                  SvPVX(sv))));
+           DEBUG_r({ SV *sv = sv_newmortal();
+                     regprop(sv, (regnode*)data.start_class);
+                     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                                   "synthetic stclass `%s'.\n",
+                                   SvPVX(sv));});
        }
 
        /* A temporary algorithm prefers floated substr to fixed one to dig more info. */
@@ -1905,7 +2056,6 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
        r->check_substr = r->anchored_substr = r->float_substr = Nullsv;
        if (!(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
            && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class)) {
-           SV *sv;
            I32 n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "f");
 
            New(1006, RExC_rx->data->data[n], 1,
@@ -1915,10 +2065,11 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
                       struct regnode_charclass_class);
            r->regstclass = (regnode*)RExC_rx->data->data[n];
            r->reganch &= ~ROPT_SKIP;   /* Used in find_byclass(). */
-           DEBUG_r((sv = sv_newmortal(),
-                    regprop(sv, (regnode*)data.start_class),
-                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "synthetic stclass `%s'.\n",
-                                  SvPVX(sv))));
+           DEBUG_r({ SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
+                     regprop(sv, (regnode*)data.start_class);
+                     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                                   "synthetic stclass `%s'.\n",
+                                   SvPVX(sv));});
        }
     }
 
@@ -1929,8 +2080,8 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ char *exp, char *xend, PMOP *pm)
        r->reganch |= ROPT_LOOKBEHIND_SEEN;
     if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_EVAL)
        r->reganch |= ROPT_EVAL_SEEN;
-    if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_SANY)
-       r->reganch |= ROPT_SANY_SEEN;
+    if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_CANY)
+       r->reganch |= ROPT_CANY_SEEN;
     Newz(1002, r->startp, RExC_npar, I32);
     Newz(1002, r->endp, RExC_npar, I32);
     PL_regdata = r->data; /* for regprop() */
@@ -1957,14 +2108,26 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
     register regnode *ender = 0;
     register I32 parno = 0;
     I32 flags, oregflags = RExC_flags16, have_branch = 0, open = 0;
+
+    /* for (?g), (?gc), and (?o) warnings; warning
+       about (?c) will warn about (?g) -- japhy    */
+
+    I32 wastedflags = 0x00,
+        wasted_o    = 0x01,
+        wasted_g    = 0x02,
+        wasted_gc   = 0x02 | 0x04,
+        wasted_c    = 0x04;
+
+    char * parse_start = RExC_parse; /* MJD */
     char *oregcomp_parse = RExC_parse;
     char c;
 
     *flagp = 0;                                /* Tentatively. */
 
+
     /* Make an OPEN node, if parenthesized. */
     if (paren) {
-       if (*RExC_parse == '?') {
+       if (*RExC_parse == '?') { /* (?...) */
            U16 posflags = 0, negflags = 0;
            U16 *flagsp = &posflags;
            int logical = 0;
@@ -1974,24 +2137,24 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
            paren = *RExC_parse++;
            ret = NULL;                 /* For look-ahead/behind. */
            switch (paren) {
-           case '<':
+           case '<':           /* (?<...) */
                RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
                if (*RExC_parse == '!')
                    paren = ',';
                if (*RExC_parse != '=' && *RExC_parse != '!')
                    goto unknown;
                RExC_parse++;
-           case '=':
-           case '!':
+           case '=':           /* (?=...) */
+           case '!':           /* (?!...) */
                RExC_seen_zerolen++;
-           case ':':
-           case '>':
+           case ':':           /* (?:...) */
+           case '>':           /* (?>...) */
                break;
-           case '$':
-           case '@':
+           case '$':           /* (?$...) */
+           case '@':           /* (?@...) */
                vFAIL2("Sequence (?%c...) not implemented", (int)paren);
                break;
-           case '#':
+           case '#':           /* (?#...) */
                while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != ')')
                    RExC_parse++;
                if (*RExC_parse != ')')
@@ -1999,15 +2162,17 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
                nextchar(pRExC_state);
                *flagp = TRYAGAIN;
                return NULL;
-           case 'p':
-               if (SIZE_ONLY)
-                   vWARN(RExC_parse, "(?p{}) is deprecated - use (??{})");
+           case 'p':           /* (?p...) */
+               if (SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_REGEXP))
+                   vWARNdep(RExC_parse, "(?p{}) is deprecated - use (??{})");
                /* FALL THROUGH*/
-           case '?':
+           case '?':           /* (??...) */
                logical = 1;
+               if (*RExC_parse != '{')
+                   goto unknown;
                paren = *RExC_parse++;
                /* FALL THROUGH */
-           case '{':
+           case '{':           /* (?{...}) */
            {
                I32 count = 1, n = 0;
                char c;
@@ -2042,6 +2207,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
                    ENTER;
                    Perl_save_re_context(aTHX);
                    rop = sv_compile_2op(sv, &sop, "re", &av);
+                   sop->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
+                   /* re_dup will OpREFCNT_inc */
+                   OpREFCNT_set(sop, 1);
                    LEAVE;
 
                    n = add_data(pRExC_state, 3, "nop");
@@ -2056,7 +2224,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
                        /* No compiled RE interpolated, has runtime
                           components ===> unsafe.  */
                        FAIL("Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'");
-                   if (PL_tainted)
+                   if (PL_tainting && PL_tainted)
                        FAIL("Eval-group in insecure regular expression");
                }
                
@@ -2066,13 +2234,14 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
                    if (!SIZE_ONLY)
                        ret->flags = 2;
                    regtail(pRExC_state, ret, reganode(pRExC_state, EVAL, n));
+                    /* deal with the length of this later - MJD */
                    return ret;
                }
                return reganode(pRExC_state, EVAL, n);
            }
-           case '(':
+           case '(':           /* (?(?{...})...) and (?(?=...)...) */
            {
-               if (RExC_parse[0] == '?') {
+               if (RExC_parse[0] == '?') {        /* (?(?...)) */
                    if (RExC_parse[1] == '=' || RExC_parse[1] == '!'
                        || RExC_parse[1] == '<'
                        || RExC_parse[1] == '{') { /* Lookahead or eval. */
@@ -2086,11 +2255,13 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
                    }
                }
                else if (RExC_parse[0] >= '1' && RExC_parse[0] <= '9' ) {
+                    /* (?(1)...) */
                    parno = atoi(RExC_parse++);
 
                    while (isDIGIT(*RExC_parse))
                        RExC_parse++;
-                   ret = reganode(pRExC_state, GROUPP, parno);
+                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state, GROUPP, parno);
+                    
                    if ((c = *nextchar(pRExC_state)) != ')')
                        vFAIL("Switch condition not recognized");
                  insert_if:
@@ -2135,14 +2306,47 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
                 break;
            default:
                --RExC_parse;
-             parse_flags:
+             parse_flags:      /* (?i) */
                while (*RExC_parse && strchr("iogcmsx", *RExC_parse)) {
-                   if (*RExC_parse != 'o')
-                       pmflag(flagsp, *RExC_parse);
+                   /* (?g), (?gc) and (?o) are useless here
+                      and must be globally applied -- japhy */
+
+                   if (*RExC_parse == 'o' || *RExC_parse == 'g') {
+                       if (SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP)) {
+                           I32 wflagbit = *RExC_parse == 'o' ? wasted_o : wasted_g;
+                           if (! (wastedflags & wflagbit) ) {
+                               wastedflags |= wflagbit;
+                               vWARN5(
+                                   RExC_parse + 1,
+                                   "Useless (%s%c) - %suse /%c modifier",
+                                   flagsp == &negflags ? "?-" : "?",
+                                   *RExC_parse,
+                                   flagsp == &negflags ? "don't " : "",
+                                   *RExC_parse
+                               );
+                           }
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else if (*RExC_parse == 'c') {
+                       if (SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP)) {
+                           if (! (wastedflags & wasted_c) ) {
+                               wastedflags |= wasted_gc;
+                               vWARN3(
+                                   RExC_parse + 1,
+                                   "Useless (%sc) - %suse /gc modifier",
+                                   flagsp == &negflags ? "?-" : "?",
+                                   flagsp == &negflags ? "don't " : ""
+                               );
+                           }
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else { pmflag(flagsp, *RExC_parse); }
+
                    ++RExC_parse;
                }
                if (*RExC_parse == '-') {
                    flagsp = &negflags;
+                   wastedflags = 0;  /* reset so (?g-c) warns twice */
                    ++RExC_parse;
                    goto parse_flags;
                }
@@ -2163,26 +2367,34 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
                return NULL;
            }
        }
-       else {
+       else {                  /* (...) */
            parno = RExC_npar;
            RExC_npar++;
            ret = reganode(pRExC_state, OPEN, parno);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 1); /* MJD */
+            Set_Node_Offset(ret, RExC_parse); /* MJD */
            open = 1;
        }
     }
-    else
+    else                        /* ! paren */
        ret = NULL;
 
     /* Pick up the branches, linking them together. */
+    parse_start = RExC_parse;   /* MJD */
     br = regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 1);
+    /*     branch_len = (paren != 0); */
+    
     if (br == NULL)
        return(NULL);
     if (*RExC_parse == '|') {
        if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen) {
            reginsert(pRExC_state, BRANCHJ, br);
        }
-       else
+       else {                  /* MJD */
            reginsert(pRExC_state, BRANCH, br);
+            Set_Node_Length(br, paren != 0);
+            Set_Node_Offset_To_R(br-RExC_emit_start, parse_start-RExC_start);
+        }
        have_branch = 1;
        if (SIZE_ONLY)
            RExC_extralen += 1;         /* For BRANCHJ-BRANCH. */
@@ -2195,9 +2407,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
     }
     else if (paren != '?')             /* Not Conditional */
        ret = br;
-    if (flags&HASWIDTH)
-       *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
-    *flagp |= flags&SPSTART;
+    *flagp |= flags & (SPSTART | HASWIDTH);
     lastbr = br;
     while (*RExC_parse == '|') {
        if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen) {
@@ -2208,6 +2418,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
            RExC_extralen += 2;         /* Account for LONGJMP. */
        nextchar(pRExC_state);
        br = regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 0);
+        
        if (br == NULL)
            return(NULL);
        regtail(pRExC_state, lastbr, br);               /* BRANCH -> BRANCH. */
@@ -2225,6 +2436,8 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp)
            break;
        case 1:
            ender = reganode(pRExC_state, CLOSE, parno);
+            Set_Node_Offset(ender,RExC_parse+1); /* MJD */
+            Set_Node_Length(ender,1); /* MJD */
            break;
        case '<':
        case ',':
@@ -2304,8 +2517,10 @@ S_regbranch(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, I32 first)
     else {
        if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen)
            ret = reganode(pRExC_state, BRANCHJ,0);
-       else
+       else {
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, BRANCH);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 1);
+        }
     }
        
     if (!first && SIZE_ONLY)
@@ -2367,6 +2582,7 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp)
     char *maxpos;
     I32 min;
     I32 max = REG_INFTY;
+    char *parse_start;
 
     ret = regatom(pRExC_state, &flags);
     if (ret == NULL) {
@@ -2378,6 +2594,7 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp)
     op = *RExC_parse;
 
     if (op == '{' && regcurly(RExC_parse)) {
+        parse_start = RExC_parse; /* MJD */
        next = RExC_parse + 1;
        maxpos = Nullch;
        while (isDIGIT(*next) || *next == ',') {
@@ -2410,6 +2627,8 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp)
            if ((flags&SIMPLE)) {
                RExC_naughty += 2 + RExC_naughty / 2;
                reginsert(pRExC_state, CURLY, ret);
+                Set_Node_Offset(ret, parse_start+1); /* MJD */
+                Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret);
            }
            else {
                regnode *w = reg_node(pRExC_state, WHILEM);
@@ -2422,6 +2641,11 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp)
                    NEXT_OFF(ret) = 3;  /* Go over LONGJMP. */
                }
                reginsert(pRExC_state, CURLYX,ret);
+                                /* MJD hk */
+                Set_Node_Offset(ret, parse_start+1);
+                Set_Node_Length(ret, 
+                                op == '{' ? (RExC_parse - parse_start) : 1);
+                
                if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen)
                    NEXT_OFF(ret) = 3;  /* Go over NOTHING to LONGJMP. */
                regtail(pRExC_state, ret, reg_node(pRExC_state, NOTHING));
@@ -2467,6 +2691,7 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp)
       vFAIL("Regexp *+ operand could be empty");
 #endif
 
+    parse_start = RExC_parse;
     nextchar(pRExC_state);
 
     *flagp = (op != '+') ? (WORST|SPSTART|HASWIDTH) : (WORST|HASWIDTH);
@@ -2528,6 +2753,7 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp)
 {
     register regnode *ret = 0;
     I32 flags;
+    char *parse_start = 0;
 
     *flagp = WORST;            /* Tentatively. */
 
@@ -2542,6 +2768,7 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SBOL);
        else
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, BOL);
+        Set_Node_Length(ret, 1); /* MJD */
        break;
     case '$':
        nextchar(pRExC_state);
@@ -2553,6 +2780,7 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SEOL);
        else
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, EOL);
+        Set_Node_Length(ret, 1); /* MJD */
        break;
     case '.':
        nextchar(pRExC_state);
@@ -2562,6 +2790,7 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, REG_ANY);
        *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
        RExC_naughty++;
+        Set_Node_Length(ret, 1); /* MJD */
        break;
     case '[':
     {
@@ -2573,6 +2802,7 @@ tryagain:
        }
        nextchar(pRExC_state);
        *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+        Set_Node_Length(ret, RExC_parse - oregcomp_parse + 1); /* MJD */
        break;
     }
     case '(':
@@ -2619,16 +2849,19 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SBOL);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'G':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, GPOS);
            RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_GPOS;
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'Z':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SEOL);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           RExC_seen_zerolen++;                /* Do not optimize RE away */
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
            break;
        case 'z':
@@ -2636,27 +2869,32 @@ tryagain:
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
            RExC_seen_zerolen++;                /* Do not optimize RE away */
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'C':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SANY);
-           RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_SANY;
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, CANY);
+           RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_CANY;
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'X':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, CLUMP);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'w':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? ALNUML     : ALNUM);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'W':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? NALNUML     : NALNUM);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'b':
            RExC_seen_zerolen++;
@@ -2664,6 +2902,7 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? BOUNDL     : BOUND);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'B':
            RExC_seen_zerolen++;
@@ -2671,38 +2910,46 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? NBOUNDL     : NBOUND);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 's':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? SPACEL     : SPACE);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'S':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOC ? NSPACEL     : NSPACE);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'd':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, DIGIT);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'D':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, NDIGIT);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
            break;
        case 'p':
        case 'P':
-           {   /* a lovely hack--pretend we saw [\pX] instead */
+           {   
                char* oldregxend = RExC_end;
+                char* parse_start = RExC_parse;
 
                if (RExC_parse[1] == '{') {
+                 /* a lovely hack--pretend we saw [\pX] instead */
                    RExC_end = strchr(RExC_parse, '}');
                    if (!RExC_end) {
+                       U8 c = (U8)*RExC_parse;
                        RExC_parse += 2;
                        RExC_end = oldregxend;
-                       vFAIL("Missing right brace on \\p{}");
+                       vFAIL2("Missing right brace on \\%c{}", c);
                    }
                    RExC_end++;
                }
@@ -2714,6 +2961,7 @@ tryagain:
 
                RExC_end = oldregxend;
                RExC_parse--;
+                Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret); /* MJD */
                nextchar(pRExC_state);
                *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            }
@@ -2736,6 +2984,7 @@ tryagain:
                if (num > 9 && num >= RExC_npar)
                    goto defchar;
                else {
+                    char * parse_start = RExC_parse - 1; /* MJD */
                    while (isDIGIT(*RExC_parse))
                        RExC_parse++;
 
@@ -2746,6 +2995,10 @@ tryagain:
                                   ? (LOC ? REFFL : REFF)
                                   : REF, num);
                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
+                    
+                    /* override incorrect value set in reganode MJD */
+                    Set_Node_Offset(ret, parse_start+1); 
+                    Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret); /* MJD */
                    RExC_parse--;
                    nextchar(pRExC_state);
                }
@@ -2776,6 +3029,10 @@ tryagain:
            register char *p;
            char *oldp, *s;
            STRLEN numlen;
+           STRLEN foldlen;
+           U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN_FOLD+1], *foldbuf;
+
+            parse_start = RExC_parse - 1;
 
            RExC_parse++;
 
@@ -2804,6 +3061,8 @@ tryagain:
                case '\\':
                    switch (*++p) {
                    case 'A':
+                   case 'C':
+                   case 'X':
                    case 'G':
                    case 'Z':
                    case 'z':
@@ -2852,8 +3111,10 @@ tryagain:
                                vFAIL("Missing right brace on \\x{}");
                            }
                            else {
-                               numlen = 1;     /* allow underscores */
-                               ender = (UV)scan_hex(p + 1, e - p - 1, &numlen);
+                                I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES
+                                    | PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX;
+                                numlen = e - p - 1;
+                               ender = grok_hex(p + 1, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
                                if (ender > 0xff)
                                    RExC_utf8 = 1;
                                /* numlen is generous */
@@ -2865,8 +3126,9 @@ tryagain:
                            }
                        }
                        else {
-                           numlen = 0;         /* disallow underscores */
-                           ender = (UV)scan_hex(p, 2, &numlen);
+                            I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX;
+                           numlen = 2;
+                           ender = grok_hex(p, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
                            p += numlen;
                        }
                        break;
@@ -2879,8 +3141,9 @@ tryagain:
                    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8':case '9':
                        if (*p == '0' ||
                          (isDIGIT(p[1]) && atoi(p) >= RExC_npar) ) {
-                           numlen = 0;         /* disallow underscores */
-                           ender = (UV)scan_oct(p, 3, &numlen);
+                            I32 flags = 0;
+                           numlen = 3;
+                           ender = grok_oct(p, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
                            p += numlen;
                        }
                        else {
@@ -2894,7 +3157,7 @@ tryagain:
                        /* FALL THROUGH */
                    default:
                        if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && isALPHA(*p))
-                           vWARN2(p +1, "Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through", *p);
+                           vWARN2(p + 1, "Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through", UCHARAT(p));
                        goto normal_default;
                    }
                    break;
@@ -2912,18 +3175,30 @@ tryagain:
                if (RExC_flags16 & PMf_EXTENDED)
                    p = regwhite(p, RExC_end);
                if (UTF && FOLD) {
-                   if (LOC)
-                       ender = toLOWER_LC_uvchr(ender);
-                   else
-                       ender = toLOWER_uni(ender);
+                   /* Prime the casefolded buffer. */
+                   ender = toFOLD_uni(ender, tmpbuf, &foldlen);
                }
                if (ISMULT2(p)) { /* Back off on ?+*. */
                    if (len)
                        p = oldp;
-                   else if (!UNI_IS_INVARIANT(NATIVE_TO_UNI(ender)) && UTF) {
-                       reguni(pRExC_state, ender, s, &numlen);
-                       s += numlen;
-                       len += numlen;
+                   else if (UTF) {
+                        if (FOLD) {
+                             /* Emit all the Unicode characters. */
+                             for (foldbuf = tmpbuf;
+                                  foldlen;
+                                  foldlen -= numlen) {
+                                  ender = utf8_to_uvchr(foldbuf, &numlen);
+                                  reguni(pRExC_state, ender, s, &numlen);
+                                  s       += numlen;
+                                  len     += numlen;
+                                  foldbuf += numlen;
+                             }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                             reguni(pRExC_state, ender, s, &numlen);
+                             s   += numlen;
+                             len += numlen;
+                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        len++;
@@ -2931,16 +3206,32 @@ tryagain:
                    }
                    break;
                }
-               if (!UNI_IS_INVARIANT(NATIVE_TO_UNI(ender)) && UTF) {
-                   reguni(pRExC_state, ender, s, &numlen);
-                   s += numlen;
-                   len += numlen - 1;
+               if (UTF) {
+                    if (FOLD) {
+                         /* Emit all the Unicode characters. */
+                         for (foldbuf = tmpbuf;
+                              foldlen;
+                              foldlen -= numlen) {
+                              ender = utf8_to_uvchr(foldbuf, &numlen);
+                              reguni(pRExC_state, ender, s, &numlen);
+                              s       += numlen;
+                              len     += numlen;
+                              foldbuf += numlen;
+                         }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                         reguni(pRExC_state, ender, s, &numlen);
+                         s   += numlen;
+                         len += numlen;
+                    }
+                    len--;
                }
                else
                    REGC(ender, s++);
            }
        loopdone:
            RExC_parse = p - 1;
+            Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret); /* MJD */
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
            {
                /* len is STRLEN which is unsigned, need to copy to signed */
@@ -2962,6 +3253,30 @@ tryagain:
        break;
     }
 
+    /* If the encoding pragma is in effect recode the text of
+     * any EXACT-kind nodes. */
+    if (PL_encoding && PL_regkind[(U8)OP(ret)] == EXACT) {
+        STRLEN oldlen = STR_LEN(ret);
+        SV *sv        = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(STRING(ret), oldlen));
+
+        if (RExC_utf8)
+             SvUTF8_on(sv);
+        if (sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, TRUE)) {
+             char *s       = Perl_sv_recode_to_utf8(aTHX_ sv, PL_encoding);
+             STRLEN newlen = SvCUR(sv);
+        
+             if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+                  DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "recode %*s to %*s\n",
+                                        (int)oldlen, STRING(ret),
+                                        (int)newlen, s));
+                  Copy(s, STRING(ret), newlen, char);
+                  STR_LEN(ret) += newlen - oldlen;
+                  RExC_emit += STR_SZ(newlen) - STR_SZ(oldlen);
+             } else
+                  RExC_size += STR_SZ(newlen) - STR_SZ(oldlen);
+        }
+    }
+
     return(ret);
 }
 
@@ -2986,7 +3301,12 @@ S_regwhite(pTHX_ char *p, char *e)
    Character classes ([:foo:]) can also be negated ([:^foo:]).
    Returns a named class id (ANYOF_XXX) if successful, -1 otherwise.
    Equivalence classes ([=foo=]) and composites ([.foo.]) are parsed,
-   but trigger warnings because they are currently unimplemented. */
+   but trigger failures because they are currently unimplemented. */
+
+#define POSIXCC_DONE(c)   ((c) == ':')
+#define POSIXCC_NOTYET(c) ((c) == '=' || (c) == '.')
+#define POSIXCC(c) (POSIXCC_DONE(c) || POSIXCC_NOTYET(c))
+
 STATIC I32
 S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
 {
@@ -2995,13 +3315,11 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
 
     if (value == '[' && RExC_parse + 1 < RExC_end &&
        /* I smell either [: or [= or [. -- POSIX has been here, right? */
-       (*RExC_parse == ':' ||
-        *RExC_parse == '=' ||
-        *RExC_parse == '.')) {
-       char  c = *RExC_parse;
+       POSIXCC(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))) {
+       char  c = UCHARAT(RExC_parse);
        char* s = RExC_parse++;
        
-       while (RExC_parse < RExC_end && *RExC_parse != c)
+       while (RExC_parse < RExC_end && UCHARAT(RExC_parse) != c)
            RExC_parse++;
        if (RExC_parse == RExC_end)
            /* Grandfather lone [:, [=, [. */
@@ -3009,7 +3327,7 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
        else {
            char* t = RExC_parse++; /* skip over the c */
 
-           if (*RExC_parse == ']') {
+           if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == ']') {
                RExC_parse++; /* skip over the ending ] */
                posixcc = s + 1;
                if (*s == ':') {
@@ -3098,7 +3416,7 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
 
                    /* adjust RExC_parse so the warning shows after
                       the class closes */
-                   while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != ']')
+                   while (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) && UCHARAT(RExC_parse) != ']')
                        RExC_parse++;
                    Simple_vFAIL3("POSIX syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
                }
@@ -3117,9 +3435,7 @@ STATIC void
 S_checkposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 {
     if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) &&
-       (*RExC_parse == ':' ||
-        *RExC_parse == '=' ||
-        *RExC_parse == '.')) {
+       POSIXCC(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))) {
        char *s = RExC_parse;
        char  c = *s++;
 
@@ -3129,11 +3445,10 @@ S_checkposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
            vWARN3(s+2, "POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes", c, c);
 
            /* [[=foo=]] and [[.foo.]] are still future. */
-           if (c == '=' || c == '.')
-           {
+           if (POSIXCC_NOTYET(c)) {
                /* adjust RExC_parse so the error shows after
                   the class closes */
-               while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse++ != ']')
+               while (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) && UCHARAT(RExC_parse++) != ']')
                    ;
                Simple_vFAIL3("POSIX syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
            }
@@ -3145,24 +3460,26 @@ STATIC regnode *
 S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 {
     register UV value;
-    register IV lastvalue = OOB_UNICODE;
+    register UV nextvalue;
+    register IV prevvalue = OOB_UNICODE;
     register IV range = 0;
     register regnode *ret;
     STRLEN numlen;
     IV namedclass;
-    char *rangebegin;
+    char *rangebegin = 0;
     bool need_class = 0;
-    SV *listsv;
+    SV *listsv = Nullsv;
     register char *e;
     UV n;
-    bool dont_optimize_invert = FALSE;
+    bool optimize_invert   = TRUE;
+    AV* unicode_alternate  = 0;
 
     ret = reganode(pRExC_state, ANYOF, 0);
 
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)
        ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) = 0;
 
-    if (*RExC_parse == '^') {  /* Complement of range. */
+    if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {  /* Complement of range. */
        RExC_naughty++;
        RExC_parse++;
        if (!SIZE_ONLY)
@@ -3181,13 +3498,16 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
        listsv = newSVpvn("# comment\n", 10);
     }
 
-    if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP))
+    nextvalue = RExC_parse < RExC_end ? UCHARAT(RExC_parse) : 0;
+
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && POSIXCC(nextvalue))
        checkposixcc(pRExC_state);
 
-    if (*RExC_parse == ']' || *RExC_parse == '-')
-       goto charclassloop;             /* allow 1st char to be ] or - */
+    /* allow 1st char to be ] (allowing it to be - is dealt with later) */
+    if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == ']')
+       goto charclassloop;
 
-    while (RExC_parse < RExC_end && *RExC_parse != ']') {
+    while (RExC_parse < RExC_end && UCHARAT(RExC_parse) != ']') {
 
     charclassloop:
 
@@ -3197,13 +3517,14 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
            rangebegin = RExC_parse;
        if (UTF) {
            value = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)RExC_parse,
-                              RExC_end - RExC_parse,
-                              &numlen, 0);
+                                  RExC_end - RExC_parse,
+                                  &numlen, 0);
            RExC_parse += numlen;
        }
        else
            value = UCHARAT(RExC_parse++);
-       if (value == '[')
+       nextvalue = RExC_parse < RExC_end ? UCHARAT(RExC_parse) : 0;
+       if (value == '[' && POSIXCC(nextvalue))
            namedclass = regpposixcc(pRExC_state, value);
        else if (value == '\\') {
            if (UTF) {
@@ -3229,22 +3550,38 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
            case 'p':
            case 'P':
                if (*RExC_parse == '{') {
+                   U8 c = (U8)value;
                    e = strchr(RExC_parse++, '}');
                     if (!e)
-                        vFAIL("Missing right brace on \\p{}");
+                        vFAIL2("Missing right brace on \\%c{}", c);
+                   while (isSPACE(UCHARAT(RExC_parse)))
+                       RExC_parse++;
+                    if (e == RExC_parse)
+                        vFAIL2("Empty \\%c{}", c);
                    n = e - RExC_parse;
+                   while (isSPACE(UCHARAT(RExC_parse + n - 1)))
+                       n--;
                }
                else {
                    e = RExC_parse;
                    n = 1;
                }
                if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+                   if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {
+                        RExC_parse++;
+                        n--;
+                        value = value == 'p' ? 'P' : 'p'; /* toggle */
+                        while (isSPACE(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))) {
+                             RExC_parse++;
+                             n--;
+                        }
+                   }
                    if (value == 'p')
-                       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
-                                      "+utf8::%.*s\n", (int)n, RExC_parse);
+                        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                       "+utf8::%.*s\n", (int)n, RExC_parse);
                    else
-                       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
-                                      "!utf8::%.*s\n", (int)n, RExC_parse);
+                        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                       "!utf8::%.*s\n", (int)n, RExC_parse);
                }
                RExC_parse = e + 1;
                ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE;
@@ -3258,18 +3595,20 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
            case 'a':   value = ASCII_TO_NATIVE('\007');break;
            case 'x':
                if (*RExC_parse == '{') {
+                    I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES
+                        | PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX;
                    e = strchr(RExC_parse++, '}');
                     if (!e)
                         vFAIL("Missing right brace on \\x{}");
-                   numlen = 1;         /* allow underscores */
-                   value = (UV)scan_hex(RExC_parse,
-                                        e - RExC_parse,
-                                        &numlen);
+
+                   numlen = e - RExC_parse;
+                   value = grok_hex(RExC_parse, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
                    RExC_parse = e + 1;
                }
                else {
-                   numlen = 0;         /* disallow underscores */
-                   value = (UV)scan_hex(RExC_parse, 2, &numlen);
+                    I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX;
+                   numlen = 2;
+                   value = grok_hex(RExC_parse, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
                    RExC_parse += numlen;
                }
                break;
@@ -3279,10 +3618,13 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                break;
            case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
            case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
-               numlen = 0;             /* disallow underscores */
-               value = (UV)scan_oct(--RExC_parse, 3, &numlen);
+            {
+                I32 flags = 0;
+               numlen = 3;
+               value = grok_oct(--RExC_parse, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
                RExC_parse += numlen;
                break;
+            }
            default:
                if (!SIZE_ONLY && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP) && isALPHA(value))
                    vWARN2(RExC_parse,
@@ -3308,14 +3650,14 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                               RExC_parse - rangebegin,
                               RExC_parse - rangebegin,
                               rangebegin);
-                   if (lastvalue < 256) {
-                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, lastvalue);
+                   if (prevvalue < 256) {
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, prevvalue);
                        ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, '-');
                    }
                    else {
                        ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE;
                        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
-                                      "%04"UVxf"\n%04"UVxf"\n", (UV)lastvalue, (UV) '-');
+                                      "%04"UVxf"\n%04"UVxf"\n", (UV)prevvalue, (UV) '-');
                    }
                }
 
@@ -3323,6 +3665,8 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
            }
 
            if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+               if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS)
+                   optimize_invert = FALSE;
                /* Possible truncation here but in some 64-bit environments
                 * the compiler gets heartburn about switch on 64-bit values.
                 * A similar issue a little earlier when switching on value.
@@ -3336,7 +3680,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isALNUM(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsWord\n");    
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NALNUM:
@@ -3347,7 +3690,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isALNUM(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsWord\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_ALNUMC:
@@ -3358,7 +3700,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isALNUMC(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsAlnum\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NALNUMC:
@@ -3369,7 +3710,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isALNUMC(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsAlnum\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_ALPHA:
@@ -3380,7 +3720,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isALPHA(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsAlpha\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NALPHA:
@@ -3391,7 +3730,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isALPHA(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsAlpha\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_ASCII:
@@ -3403,18 +3741,11 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
 #else  /* EBCDIC */
                        for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                           if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR) {
-                               if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(value) < 128)
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
-                           }
-                           else {
-                               if (isASCII(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
-                           }
+                           if (isASCII(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                        }
 #endif /* EBCDIC */
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsASCII\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NASCII:
@@ -3426,18 +3757,11 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
 #else  /* EBCDIC */
                        for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                           if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR) {
-                               if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(value) >= 128)
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
-                           }
-                           else {
-                               if (!isASCII(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
-                           }
+                           if (!isASCII(value))
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                        }
 #endif /* EBCDIC */
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsASCII\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_BLANK:
@@ -3448,7 +3772,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isBLANK(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsBlank\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NBLANK:
@@ -3459,7 +3782,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isBLANK(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsBlank\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_CNTRL:
@@ -3470,7 +3792,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isCNTRL(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsCntrl\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NCNTRL:
@@ -3481,7 +3802,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isCNTRL(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsCntrl\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_DIGIT:
@@ -3492,7 +3812,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                        for (value = '0'; value <= '9'; value++)
                            ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsDigit\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
@@ -3505,7 +3824,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                        for (value = '9' + 1; value < 256; value++)
                            ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsDigit\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_GRAPH:
@@ -3516,7 +3834,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isGRAPH(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsGraph\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NGRAPH:
@@ -3527,7 +3844,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isGRAPH(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsGraph\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_LOWER:
@@ -3538,7 +3854,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isLOWER(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsLower\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NLOWER:
@@ -3549,7 +3864,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isLOWER(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsLower\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_PRINT:
@@ -3560,7 +3874,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isPRINT(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsPrint\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NPRINT:
@@ -3571,7 +3884,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isPRINT(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsPrint\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_PSXSPC:
@@ -3582,7 +3894,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isPSXSPC(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsSpace\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NPSXSPC:
@@ -3593,7 +3904,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isPSXSPC(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsSpace\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_PUNCT:
@@ -3604,7 +3914,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isPUNCT(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsPunct\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NPUNCT:
@@ -3615,7 +3924,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isPUNCT(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsPunct\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_SPACE:
@@ -3626,7 +3934,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isSPACE(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsSpacePerl\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NSPACE:
@@ -3637,7 +3944,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isSPACE(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsSpacePerl\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_UPPER:
@@ -3648,7 +3954,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isUPPER(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsUpper\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NUPPER:
@@ -3659,7 +3964,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isUPPER(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsUpper\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_XDIGIT:
@@ -3670,7 +3974,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (isXDIGIT(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::IsXDigit\n");
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NXDIGIT:
@@ -3681,7 +3984,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                            if (!isXDIGIT(value))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, value);
                    }
-                   dont_optimize_invert = TRUE;
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::IsXDigit\n");
                    break;
                default:
@@ -3695,17 +3997,16 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
        } /* end of namedclass \blah */
 
        if (range) {
-           if (((lastvalue > value) && !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR)) ||
-                ((NATIVE_TO_UNI(lastvalue) > NATIVE_TO_UNI(value)) && (PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR))) /* b-a */ {
+           if (prevvalue > value) /* b-a */ {
                Simple_vFAIL4("Invalid [] range \"%*.*s\"",
                              RExC_parse - rangebegin,
                              RExC_parse - rangebegin,
                              rangebegin);
+               range = 0; /* not a valid range */
            }
-           range = 0; /* not a true range */
        }
        else {
-           lastvalue = value; /* save the beginning of the range */
+           prevvalue = value; /* save the beginning of the range */
            if (*RExC_parse == '-' && RExC_parse+1 < RExC_end &&
                RExC_parse[1] != ']') {
                RExC_parse++;
@@ -3728,44 +4029,97 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 
        /* now is the next time */
        if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-           if (lastvalue < 256 && value < 256) {
-#ifdef EBCDIC /* EBCDIC, for example. */
-               if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_ASCIIR) {
-                   IV i;
-                   /* New style scheme for ranges:
-                    * after :
-                    * use re 'asciir';
-                    * do ranges in ASCII/Unicode space
-                    */
-                   for (i = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(lastvalue) ; i <= NATIVE_TO_ASCII(value); i++)
-                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, ASCII_TO_NATIVE(i));
-               }
-               else if ((isLOWER(lastvalue) && isLOWER(value)) ||
-                   (isUPPER(lastvalue) && isUPPER(value)))
+           IV i;
+
+           if (prevvalue < 256) {
+               IV ceilvalue = value < 256 ? value : 255;
+
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+               if ((isLOWER(prevvalue) && isLOWER(ceilvalue)) ||
+                   (isUPPER(prevvalue) && isUPPER(ceilvalue)))
                {
-                   IV i;
-                   if (isLOWER(lastvalue)) {
-                       for (i = lastvalue; i <= value; i++)
+                   if (isLOWER(prevvalue)) {
+                       for (i = prevvalue; i <= ceilvalue; i++)
                            if (isLOWER(i))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, i);
                    } else {
-                       for (i = lastvalue; i <= value; i++)
+                       for (i = prevvalue; i <= ceilvalue; i++)
                            if (isUPPER(i))
                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, i);
                    }
                }
                else
 #endif
-                   for ( ; lastvalue <= value; lastvalue++)
-                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, lastvalue);
-           } else {
+                     for (i = prevvalue; i <= ceilvalue; i++)
+                         ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(ret, i);
+         }
+         if (value > 255 || UTF) {
+               UV prevnatvalue  = NATIVE_TO_UNI(prevvalue);
+               UV natvalue      = NATIVE_TO_UNI(value);
+
                ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE;
-               if (lastvalue < value)
+               if (prevnatvalue < natvalue) { /* what about > ? */
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\t%04"UVxf"\n",
-                                  (UV)lastvalue, (UV)value);
-               else
-                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\n",
-                                  (UV)value);
+                                  prevnatvalue, natvalue);
+               }
+               else if (prevnatvalue == natvalue) {
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\n", natvalue);
+                   if (FOLD) {
+                        U8 tmpbuf [UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
+                        U8 foldbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN_FOLD+1];
+                        STRLEN foldlen;
+                        UV f;
+
+                        uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, natvalue);
+                        to_utf8_fold(tmpbuf, foldbuf, &foldlen);
+                        f = UNI_TO_NATIVE(utf8_to_uvchr(foldbuf, 0));
+
+                        /* If folding and foldable and a single
+                         * character, insert also the folded version
+                         * to the charclass. */
+                        if (f != value) {
+                             if (foldlen == UNISKIP(f))
+                                 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
+                                                "%04"UVxf"\n", f);
+                             else {
+                                 /* Any multicharacter foldings
+                                  * require the following transform:
+                                  * [ABCDEF] -> (?:[ABCabcDEFd]|pq|rst)
+                                  * where E folds into "pq" and F folds
+                                  * into "rst", all other characters
+                                  * fold to single characters.  We save
+                                  * away these multicharacter foldings,
+                                  * to be later saved as part of the
+                                  * additional "s" data. */
+                                 SV *sv;
+
+                                 if (!unicode_alternate)
+                                     unicode_alternate = newAV();
+                                 sv = newSVpvn((char*)foldbuf, foldlen);
+                                 SvUTF8_on(sv);
+                                 av_push(unicode_alternate, sv);
+                             }
+                        }
+
+                        /* If folding and the value is one of the Greek
+                         * sigmas insert a few more sigmas to make the
+                         * folding rules of the sigmas to work right.
+                         * Note that not all the possible combinations
+                         * are handled here: some of them are handled
+                         * by the standard folding rules, and some of
+                         * them (literal or EXACTF cases) are handled
+                         * during runtime in regexec.c:S_find_byclass(). */
+                        if (value == UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_FINAL_SIGMA) {
+                             Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\n",
+                                            (UV)UNICODE_GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA);
+                             Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\n",
+                                            (UV)UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_SIGMA);
+                        }
+                        else if (value == UNICODE_GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_SIGMA)
+                             Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\n",
+                                            (UV)UNICODE_GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_SIGMA);
+                   }
+               }
            }
         }
 
@@ -3773,6 +4127,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
     }
 
     if (need_class) {
+       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_LARGE;
        if (SIZE_ONLY)
            RExC_size += ANYOF_CLASS_ADD_SKIP;
        else
@@ -3781,9 +4136,9 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 
     /* optimize case-insensitive simple patterns (e.g. /[a-z]/i) */
     if (!SIZE_ONLY &&
-       (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) &
         /* If the only flag is folding (plus possibly inversion). */
-        (ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL ^ ANYOF_INVERT) == ANYOF_FOLD)) {
+       ((ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & (ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL ^ ANYOF_INVERT)) == ANYOF_FOLD)
+       ) {
        for (value = 0; value < 256; ++value) {
            if (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(ret, value)) {
                IV fold = PL_fold[value];
@@ -3796,7 +4151,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
     }
 
     /* optimize inverted simple patterns (e.g. [^a-z]) */
-    if (!SIZE_ONLY && !dont_optimize_invert &&
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY && optimize_invert &&
        /* If the only flag is inversion. */
        (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_FLAGS_ALL) == ANYOF_INVERT) {
        for (value = 0; value < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; ++value)
@@ -3808,8 +4163,15 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
        AV *av = newAV();
        SV *rv;
 
+       /* The 0th element stores the character class description
+        * in its textual form: used later (regexec.c:Perl_regclass_swatch())
+        * to initialize the appropriate swash (which gets stored in
+        * the 1st element), and also useful for dumping the regnode.
+        * The 2nd element stores the multicharacter foldings,
+        * used later (regexec.c:s_reginclasslen()). */
        av_store(av, 0, listsv);
        av_store(av, 1, NULL);
+       av_store(av, 2, (SV*)unicode_alternate);
        rv = newRV_noinc((SV*)av);
        n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "s");
        RExC_rx->data->data[n] = (void*)rv;
@@ -3867,6 +4229,18 @@ S_reg_node(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op)
     NODE_ALIGN_FILL(ret);
     ptr = ret;
     FILL_ADVANCE_NODE(ptr, op);
+    if (RExC_offsets) {         /* MJD */
+      MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "%s:%u: (op %s) %s %u <- %u (len %u) (max %u).\n", 
+              "reg_node", __LINE__, 
+              reg_name[op],
+              RExC_emit - RExC_emit_start > RExC_offsets[0] 
+              ? "Overwriting end of array!\n" : "OK",
+              RExC_emit - RExC_emit_start,
+              RExC_parse - RExC_start,
+              RExC_offsets[0])); 
+      Set_Node_Offset(RExC_emit, RExC_parse + (op == END));
+    }
+            
     RExC_emit = ptr;
 
     return(ret);
@@ -3891,6 +4265,17 @@ S_reganode(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op, U32 arg)
     NODE_ALIGN_FILL(ret);
     ptr = ret;
     FILL_ADVANCE_NODE_ARG(ptr, op, arg);
+    if (RExC_offsets) {         /* MJD */
+      MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "%s: %s %u <- %u (max %u).\n", 
+              "reganode",
+              RExC_emit - RExC_emit_start > RExC_offsets[0] ? 
+              "Overwriting end of array!\n" : "OK",
+              RExC_emit - RExC_emit_start,
+              RExC_parse - RExC_start,
+              RExC_offsets[0])); 
+      Set_Cur_Node_Offset;
+    }
+            
     RExC_emit = ptr;
 
     return(ret);
@@ -3928,10 +4313,33 @@ S_reginsert(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op, regnode *opnd)
     src = RExC_emit;
     RExC_emit += NODE_STEP_REGNODE + offset;
     dst = RExC_emit;
-    while (src > opnd)
+    while (src > opnd) {
        StructCopy(--src, --dst, regnode);
+        if (RExC_offsets) {     /* MJD 20010112 */
+          MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "%s: %s copy %u -> %u (max %u).\n", 
+                  "reg_insert",
+                  dst - RExC_emit_start > RExC_offsets[0] 
+                  ? "Overwriting end of array!\n" : "OK",
+                  src - RExC_emit_start,
+                  dst - RExC_emit_start,
+                  RExC_offsets[0])); 
+          Set_Node_Offset_To_R(dst-RExC_emit_start, Node_Offset(src));
+          Set_Node_Length_To_R(dst-RExC_emit_start, Node_Length(src));
+        }
+    }
+    
 
     place = opnd;              /* Op node, where operand used to be. */
+    if (RExC_offsets) {         /* MJD */
+      MJD_OFFSET_DEBUG((stderr, "%s: %s %u <- %u (max %u).\n", 
+              "reginsert",
+              place - RExC_emit_start > RExC_offsets[0] 
+              ? "Overwriting end of array!\n" : "OK",
+              place - RExC_emit_start,
+              RExC_parse - RExC_start,
+              RExC_offsets[0])); 
+      Set_Node_Offset(place, RExC_parse);
+    }
     src = NEXTOPER(place);
     FILL_ADVANCE_NODE(place, op);
     Zero(src, offset, regnode);
@@ -4007,10 +4415,11 @@ S_regcurly(pTHX_ register char *s)
 }
 
 
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+
 STATIC regnode *
 S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ regnode *start, regnode *node, regnode *last, SV* sv, I32 l)
 {
-#ifdef DEBUGGING
     register U8 op = EXACT;    /* Arbitrary non-END op. */
     register regnode *next;
 
@@ -4057,8 +4466,10 @@ S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ regnode *start, regnode *node, regnode *last, SV* sv, I32 l)
            node = dumpuntil(start, NEXTOPER(node), NEXTOPER(node) + 1, sv, l + 1);
        }
        else if (op == ANYOF) {
+           /* arglen 1 + class block */
+           node += 1 + ((ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_LARGE)
+                   ? ANYOF_CLASS_SKIP : ANYOF_SKIP);
            node = NEXTOPER(node);
-           node += ANYOF_SKIP;
        }
        else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == EXACT) {
             /* Literal string, where present. */
@@ -4074,10 +4485,11 @@ S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ regnode *start, regnode *node, regnode *last, SV* sv, I32 l)
        else if (op == WHILEM)
            l--;
     }
-#endif /* DEBUGGING */
     return node;
 }
 
+#endif /* DEBUGGING */
+
 /*
  - regdump - dump a regexp onto Perl_debug_log in vaguely comprehensible form
  */
@@ -4145,13 +4557,25 @@ Perl_regdump(pTHX_ regexp *r)
     if (r->reganch & ROPT_EVAL_SEEN)
        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "with eval ");
     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
+    if (r->offsets) {
+      U32 i;
+      U32 len = r->offsets[0];
+      PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Offsets: [%"UVuf"]\n\t", (UV)r->offsets[0]);
+      for (i = 1; i <= len; i++)
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%"UVuf"[%"UVuf"] ", 
+                      (UV)r->offsets[i*2-1], 
+                      (UV)r->offsets[i*2]);
+      PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
+    }
 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
 }
 
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+
 STATIC void
 S_put_byte(pTHX_ SV *sv, int c)
 {
-    if (isCNTRL(c) || c == 127 || c == 255 || !isPRINT(c))
+    if (isCNTRL(c) || c == 255 || !isPRINT(c))
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\%o", c);
     else if (c == '-' || c == ']' || c == '\\' || c == '^')
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\%c", c);
@@ -4159,6 +4583,8 @@ S_put_byte(pTHX_ SV *sv, int c)
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%c", c);
 }
 
+#endif /* DEBUGGING */
+
 /*
 - regprop - printable representation of opcode
 */
@@ -4177,9 +4603,24 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ SV *sv, regnode *o)
 
     k = PL_regkind[(U8)OP(o)];
 
-    if (k == EXACT)
-       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " <%s%.*s%s>", PL_colors[0],
-                      STR_LEN(o), STRING(o), PL_colors[1]);
+    if (k == EXACT) {
+        SV *dsv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn("", 0));
+       /* Using is_utf8_string() is a crude hack but it may
+        * be the best for now since we have no flag "this EXACTish
+        * node was UTF-8" --jhi */
+       bool do_utf8 = is_utf8_string((U8*)STRING(o), STR_LEN(o));
+       char *s    = do_utf8 ?
+         pv_uni_display(dsv, (U8*)STRING(o), STR_LEN(o), 60,
+                        UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX) :
+         STRING(o);
+       int len = do_utf8 ?
+         strlen(s) :
+         STR_LEN(o);
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " <%s%.*s%s>",
+                      PL_colors[0],
+                      len, s,
+                      PL_colors[1]);
+    }
     else if (k == CURLY) {
        if (OP(o) == CURLYM || OP(o) == CURLYN || OP(o) == CURLYX)
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", o->flags); /* Parenth number */
@@ -4260,11 +4701,11 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ SV *sv, regnode *o)
        if (flags & ANYOF_UNICODE)
            sv_catpv(sv, "{unicode}");
        else if (flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL)
-           sv_catpv(sv, "{all-unicode}");
+           sv_catpv(sv, "{unicode_all}");
 
        {
            SV *lv;
-           SV *sw = regclass_swash(o, FALSE, &lv);
+           SV *sw = regclass_swash(o, FALSE, &lv, 0);
        
            if (lv) {
                if (sw) {
@@ -4274,7 +4715,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ SV *sv, regnode *o)
                    for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) { /* just the first 256 */
                        U8 *e = uvchr_to_utf8(s, i);
                        
-                       if (i < 256 && swash_fetch(sw, s)) {
+                       if (i < 256 && swash_fetch(sw, s, TRUE)) {
                            if (rangestart == -1)
                                rangestart = i;
                        } else if (rangestart != -1) {
@@ -4353,19 +4794,30 @@ Perl_re_intuit_string(pTHX_ regexp *prog)
 void
 Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ struct regexp *r)
 {
-    DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    SV *dsv = PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(0);
+#endif
 
     if (!r || (--r->refcnt > 0))
        return;
-    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                     "%sFreeing REx:%s `%s%.60s%s%s'\n",
-                     PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
-                     r->precomp,
-                     PL_colors[1],
-                     (strlen(r->precomp) > 60 ? "..." : "")));
+    DEBUG_r({
+         char *s = pv_uni_display(dsv, (U8*)r->precomp, r->prelen, 60,
+                                 UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX);
+        int len = SvCUR(dsv);
+        if (!PL_colorset)
+             reginitcolors();
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                      "%sFreeing REx:%s `%s%*.*s%s%s'\n",
+                      PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],PL_colors[0],
+                      len, len, s,
+                      PL_colors[1],
+                      len > 60 ? "..." : "");
+    });
 
     if (r->precomp)
        Safefree(r->precomp);
+    if (r->offsets)             /* 20010421 MJD */
+       Safefree(r->offsets);
     if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(r))
        Safefree(r->subbeg);
     if (r->substrs) {
@@ -4382,6 +4834,7 @@ Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ struct regexp *r)
        SV** old_curpad;
 
        while (--n >= 0) {
+          /* If you add a ->what type here, update the comment in regcomp.h */
            switch (r->data->what[n]) {
            case 's':
                SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)r->data->data[n]);
@@ -4404,14 +4857,18 @@ Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ struct regexp *r)
                }
                else
                    PL_curpad = NULL;
-               op_free((OP_4tree*)r->data->data[n]);
+
+               if (!OpREFCNT_dec((OP_4tree*)r->data->data[n])) {
+                    op_free((OP_4tree*)r->data->data[n]);
+               }
+
                PL_comppad = old_comppad;
                PL_curpad = old_curpad;
                SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)new_comppad);
                new_comppad = NULL;
                break;
            case 'n':
-               break;
+               break;
            default:
                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: regfree data code '%c'", r->data->what[n]);
            }
@@ -4507,7 +4964,6 @@ Perl_save_re_context(pTHX)
     SAVEVPTR(PL_regendp);              /* Ditto for endp. */
     SAVEVPTR(PL_reglastparen);         /* Similarly for lastparen. */
     SAVEPPTR(PL_regtill);              /* How far we are required to go. */
-    SAVEI8(PL_regprev);                        /* char before regbol, \n if none */
     SAVEGENERICPV(PL_reg_start_tmp);           /* from regexec.c */
     PL_reg_start_tmp = 0;
     SAVEI32(PL_reg_start_tmpl);                /* from regexec.c */
@@ -4523,24 +4979,20 @@ Perl_save_re_context(pTHX)
     SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_re);               /* from regexec.c */
     SAVEPPTR(PL_reg_ganch);            /* from regexec.c */
     SAVESPTR(PL_reg_sv);               /* from regexec.c */
+    SAVEI8(PL_reg_match_utf8);         /* from regexec.c */
     SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_magic);            /* from regexec.c */
     SAVEI32(PL_reg_oldpos);                    /* from regexec.c */
     SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_oldcurpm);         /* from regexec.c */
     SAVEVPTR(PL_reg_curpm);            /* from regexec.c */
     SAVEI32(PL_regnpar);               /* () count. */
+    SAVEI32(PL_regsize);               /* from regexec.c */
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     SAVEPPTR(PL_reg_starttry);         /* from regexec.c */
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef PERL_OBJECT
-#include "XSUB.h"
-#undef this
-#define this pPerl
-#endif
-
 static void
-clear_re(pTHXo_ void *r)
+clear_re(pTHX_ void *r)
 {
     ReREFCNT_dec((regexp *)r);
 }