This is a live mirror of the Perl 5 development currently hosted at https://github.com/perl/perl5
Fix broken lib/diagnostics.t
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index 0c34695..31a0b35 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -134,10 +134,14 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
     I32                orig_utf8;      /* whether the pattern was originally in utf8 */
                                /* XXX use this for future optimisation of case
                                 * where pattern must be upgraded to utf8. */
+    I32                uni_semantics;  /* If a d charset modifier should use unicode
+                                  rules, even if the pattern is not in
+                                  utf8 */
     HV         *paren_names;           /* Paren names */
     
     regnode    **recurse;              /* Recurse regops */
     I32                recurse_count;          /* Number of recurse regops */
+    I32                in_lookbehind;
 #if ADD_TO_REGEXEC
     char       *starttry;              /* -Dr: where regtry was called. */
 #define RExC_starttry  (pRExC_state->starttry)
@@ -177,6 +181,7 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
 #define RExC_seen_zerolen      (pRExC_state->seen_zerolen)
 #define RExC_seen_evals        (pRExC_state->seen_evals)
 #define RExC_utf8      (pRExC_state->utf8)
+#define RExC_uni_semantics     (pRExC_state->uni_semantics)
 #define RExC_orig_utf8 (pRExC_state->orig_utf8)
 #define RExC_open_parens       (pRExC_state->open_parens)
 #define RExC_close_parens      (pRExC_state->close_parens)
@@ -184,6 +189,7 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
 #define RExC_paren_names       (pRExC_state->paren_names)
 #define RExC_recurse   (pRExC_state->recurse)
 #define RExC_recurse_count     (pRExC_state->recurse_count)
+#define RExC_in_lookbehind     (pRExC_state->in_lookbehind)
 
 
 #define        ISMULT1(c)      ((c) == '*' || (c) == '+' || (c) == '?')
@@ -374,6 +380,8 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
 #define DEPENDS_SEMANTICS (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) == REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET)
 #define AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) >= REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET)
 #define ASCII_RESTRICTED (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) == REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET)
+#define MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET)
+#define AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) >= REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET)
 
 #define FOLD cBOOL(RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_FOLD)
 
@@ -789,9 +797,13 @@ S_cl_and(struct regnode_charclass_class *cl,
     if (!(and_with->flags & ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL))
        cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
 
-    if (cl->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL && and_with->flags & ANYOF_NONBITMAP &&
-       !(and_with->flags & ANYOF_INVERT)) {
-       cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+    if (cl->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL
+       && and_with->flags & ANYOF_NONBITMAP
+       && !(and_with->flags & ANYOF_INVERT))
+    {
+       if (! (and_with->flags & ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL)) {
+           cl->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+       }
        cl->flags |= and_with->flags & ANYOF_NONBITMAP; /* field is 2 bits; use
                                                           only the one(s)
                                                           actually set */
@@ -1387,6 +1399,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch, regnode *firs
 #endif
 
     switch (flags) {
+       case EXACTFA:
        case EXACTFU: folder = PL_fold_latin1; break;
        case EXACTF:  folder = PL_fold; break;
        case EXACTFL: folder = PL_fold_locale; break;
@@ -2462,7 +2475,7 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan, I32 *min, U32 flags
 #define UPSILON_D_T    GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_UPSILON_WITH_DIALYTIKA_AND_TONOS
 
     if (UTF
-       && ( OP(scan) == EXACTF || OP(scan) == EXACTFU)
+       && ( OP(scan) == EXACTF || OP(scan) == EXACTFU || OP(scan) == EXACTFA)
        && ( STR_LEN(scan) >= 6 ) )
     {
     /*
@@ -3095,11 +3108,29 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                    && (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOC_NONBITMAP_FOLD)
                        || !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold_latin1[uc])))
                     )
+               {
                    compat = 0;
+               }
                ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
                ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
                if (compat)
                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+               else if (uc >= 0x100) {
+                   int i;
+
+                   /* Some Unicode code points fold to the Latin1 range; as
+                    * XXX temporary code, instead of figuring out if this is
+                    * one, just assume it is and set all the start class bits
+                    * that could be some such above 255 code point's fold
+                    * which will generate fals positives.  As the code
+                    * elsewhere that does compute the fold settles down, it
+                    * can be extracted out and re-used here */
+                   for (i = 0; i < 256; i++){
+                       if (_HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(i)) {
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, i);
+                       }
+                   }
+               }
                data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
                if (uc < 0x100)
                  data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
@@ -3160,6 +3191,14 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, PL_fold_latin1[uc]);
                    }
                }
+               else if (uc >= 0x100) {
+                   int i;
+                   for (i = 0; i < 256; i++){
+                       if (_HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(i)) {
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, i);
+                       }
+                   }
+               }
            }
            else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
                if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOC_NONBITMAP_FOLD) {
@@ -4390,6 +4429,7 @@ Perl_re_compile(pTHX_ SV * const pattern, U32 orig_pm_flags)
     DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
 
     RExC_utf8 = RExC_orig_utf8 = SvUTF8(pattern);
+    RExC_uni_semantics = 0;
 
     /****************** LONG JUMP TARGET HERE***********************/
     /* Longjmp back to here if have to switch in midstream to utf8 */
@@ -4459,6 +4499,7 @@ Perl_re_compile(pTHX_ SV * const pattern, U32 orig_pm_flags)
     RExC_sawback = 0;
 
     RExC_seen = 0;
+    RExC_in_lookbehind = 0;
     RExC_seen_zerolen = *exp == '^' ? -1 : 0;
     RExC_seen_evals = 0;
     RExC_extralen = 0;
@@ -4497,6 +4538,7 @@ Perl_re_compile(pTHX_ SV * const pattern, U32 orig_pm_flags)
     if (used_setjump) {
        JMPENV_POP;
     }
+
     DEBUG_PARSE_r({
         PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, 
             "Required size %"IVdf" nodes\n"
@@ -4505,6 +4547,14 @@ Perl_re_compile(pTHX_ SV * const pattern, U32 orig_pm_flags)
         RExC_lastnum=0; 
         RExC_lastparse=NULL; 
     });
+
+    /* The first pass could have found things that force Unicode semantics */
+    if ((RExC_utf8 || RExC_uni_semantics)
+        && get_regex_charset(pm_flags) == REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET)
+    {
+       set_regex_charset(&pm_flags, REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
+    }
+
     /* Small enough for pointer-storage convention?
        If extralen==0, this means that we will not need long jumps. */
     if (RExC_size >= 0x10000L && RExC_extralen)
@@ -5102,13 +5152,13 @@ reStudy:
     else {
         regnode *first = ri->program + 1;
         U8 fop = OP(first);
-        U8 nop = OP(NEXTOPER(first));
-        
-        if (PL_regkind[fop] == NOTHING && nop == END)
+
+        if (PL_regkind[fop] == NOTHING && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_NULL;
-        else if (PL_regkind[fop] == BOL && nop == END)
+        else if (PL_regkind[fop] == BOL && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_START_ONLY;
-        else if (fop == PLUS && nop ==SPACE && OP(regnext(first))==END)
+        else if (fop == PLUS && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == SPACE
+                            && OP(regnext(first)) == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;    
     }
 #endif
@@ -5642,6 +5692,599 @@ S_reg_scan_name(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 flags)
     DEBUG_PARSE_MSG((funcname));                            \
     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,fmt "\n",args);               \
 })
+
+/* This section of code defines the inversion list object and its methods.  The
+ * interfaces are highly subject to change, so as much as possible is static to
+ * this file.  An inversion list is here implemented as a malloc'd C array with
+ * some added info.  More will be coming when functionality is added later.
+ *
+ * Some of the methods should always be private to the implementation, and some
+ * should eventually be made public */
+
+#define INVLIST_INITIAL_LEN 10
+#define INVLIST_ARRAY_KEY "array"
+#define INVLIST_MAX_KEY "max"
+#define INVLIST_LEN_KEY "len"
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV*
+S_invlist_array(pTHX_ HV* const invlist)
+{
+    /* Returns the pointer to the inversion list's array.  Every time the
+     * length changes, this needs to be called in case malloc or realloc moved
+     * it */
+
+    SV** list_ptr = hv_fetchs(invlist, INVLIST_ARRAY_KEY, FALSE);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ARRAY;
+
+    if (list_ptr == NULL) {
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: inversion list without a '%s' element",
+                                                           INVLIST_ARRAY_KEY);
+    }
+
+    return INT2PTR(UV *, SvUV(*list_ptr));
+}
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
+S_invlist_set_array(pTHX_ HV* const invlist, const UV* const array)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_SET_ARRAY;
+
+    /* Sets the array stored in the inversion list to the memory beginning with
+     * the parameter */
+
+    if (hv_stores(invlist, INVLIST_ARRAY_KEY, newSVuv(PTR2UV(array))) == NULL) {
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: can't store '%s' entry in inversion list",
+                                                           INVLIST_ARRAY_KEY);
+    }
+}
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV
+S_invlist_len(pTHX_ HV* const invlist)
+{
+    /* Returns the current number of elements in the inversion list's array */
+
+    SV** len_ptr = hv_fetchs(invlist, INVLIST_LEN_KEY, FALSE);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_LEN;
+
+    if (len_ptr == NULL) {
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: inversion list without a '%s' element",
+                                                           INVLIST_LEN_KEY);
+    }
+
+    return SvUV(*len_ptr);
+}
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV
+S_invlist_max(pTHX_ HV* const invlist)
+{
+    /* Returns the maximum number of elements storable in the inversion list's
+     * array, without having to realloc() */
+
+    SV** max_ptr = hv_fetchs(invlist, INVLIST_MAX_KEY, FALSE);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_MAX;
+
+    if (max_ptr == NULL) {
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: inversion list without a '%s' element",
+                                                           INVLIST_MAX_KEY);
+    }
+
+    return SvUV(*max_ptr);
+}
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
+S_invlist_set_len(pTHX_ HV* const invlist, const UV len)
+{
+    /* Sets the current number of elements stored in the inversion list */
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_SET_LEN;
+
+    if (len != 0 && len > invlist_max(invlist)) {
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't make '%s=%"UVuf"' more than %s=%"UVuf" in inversion list", INVLIST_LEN_KEY, len, INVLIST_MAX_KEY, invlist_max(invlist));
+    }
+
+    if (hv_stores(invlist, INVLIST_LEN_KEY, newSVuv(len)) == NULL) {
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: can't store '%s' entry in inversion list",
+                                                           INVLIST_LEN_KEY);
+    }
+}
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
+S_invlist_set_max(pTHX_ HV* const invlist, const UV max)
+{
+
+    /* Sets the maximum number of elements storable in the inversion list
+     * without having to realloc() */
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_SET_MAX;
+
+    if (max < invlist_len(invlist)) {
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't make '%s=%"UVuf"' less than %s=%"UVuf" in inversion list", INVLIST_MAX_KEY, invlist_len(invlist), INVLIST_LEN_KEY, invlist_max(invlist));
+    }
+
+    if (hv_stores(invlist, INVLIST_MAX_KEY, newSVuv(max)) == NULL) {
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: can't store '%s' entry in inversion list",
+                                                           INVLIST_LEN_KEY);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
+HV*
+Perl__new_invlist(pTHX_ IV initial_size)
+{
+
+    /* Return a pointer to a newly constructed inversion list, with enough
+     * space to store 'initial_size' elements.  If that number is negative, a
+     * system default is used instead */
+
+    HV* invlist = newHV();
+    UV* list;
+
+    if (initial_size < 0) {
+       initial_size = INVLIST_INITIAL_LEN;
+    }
+
+    /* Allocate the initial space */
+    Newx(list, initial_size, UV);
+    invlist_set_array(invlist, list);
+
+    /* set_len has to come before set_max, as the latter inspects the len */
+    invlist_set_len(invlist, 0);
+    invlist_set_max(invlist, initial_size);
+
+    return invlist;
+}
+#endif
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
+S_invlist_destroy(pTHX_ HV* const invlist)
+{
+   /* Inversion list destructor */
+
+    SV** list_ptr = hv_fetchs(invlist, INVLIST_ARRAY_KEY, FALSE);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_DESTROY;
+
+    if (list_ptr != NULL) {
+       UV *list = INT2PTR(UV *, SvUV(*list_ptr)); /* PERL_POISON needs lvalue */
+       Safefree(list);
+    }
+}
+
+STATIC void
+S_invlist_extend(pTHX_ HV* const invlist, const UV new_max)
+{
+    /* Change the maximum size of an inversion list (up or down) */
+
+    UV* orig_array;
+    UV* array;
+    const UV old_max = invlist_max(invlist);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_EXTEND;
+
+    if (old_max == new_max) {  /* If a no-op */
+       return;
+    }
+
+    array = orig_array = invlist_array(invlist);
+    Renew(array, new_max, UV);
+
+    /* If the size change moved the list in memory, set the new one */
+    if (array != orig_array) {
+       invlist_set_array(invlist, array);
+    }
+
+    invlist_set_max(invlist, new_max);
+
+}
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
+S_invlist_trim(pTHX_ HV* const invlist)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_TRIM;
+
+    /* Change the length of the inversion list to how many entries it currently
+     * has */
+
+    invlist_extend(invlist, invlist_len(invlist));
+}
+
+/* An element is in an inversion list iff its index is even numbered: 0, 2, 4,
+ * etc */
+
+#define ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i) (! ((i) & 1))
+
+#ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
+void
+Perl__append_range_to_invlist(pTHX_ HV* const invlist, const UV start, const UV end)
+{
+   /* Subject to change or removal.  Append the range from 'start' to 'end' at
+    * the end of the inversion list.  The range must be above any existing
+    * ones. */
+
+    UV* array = invlist_array(invlist);
+    UV max = invlist_max(invlist);
+    UV len = invlist_len(invlist);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__APPEND_RANGE_TO_INVLIST;
+
+    if (len > 0) {
+
+       /* Here, the existing list is non-empty. The current max entry in the
+        * list is generally the first value not in the set, except when the
+        * set extends to the end of permissible values, in which case it is
+        * the first entry in that final set, and so this call is an attempt to
+        * append out-of-order */
+
+       UV final_element = len - 1;
+       if (array[final_element] > start
+           || ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(final_element))
+       {
+           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: attempting to append to an inversion list, but wasn't at the end of the list");
+       }
+
+       /* Here, it is a legal append.  If the new range begins with the first
+        * value not in the set, it is extending the set, so the new first
+        * value not in the set is one greater than the newly extended range.
+        * */
+       if (array[final_element] == start) {
+           if (end != UV_MAX) {
+               array[final_element] = end + 1;
+           }
+           else {
+               /* But if the end is the maximum representable on the machine,
+                * just let the range that this would extend have no end */
+               invlist_set_len(invlist, len - 1);
+           }
+           return;
+       }
+    }
+
+    /* Here the new range doesn't extend any existing set.  Add it */
+
+    len += 2;  /* Includes an element each for the start and end of range */
+
+    /* If overflows the existing space, extend, which may cause the array to be
+     * moved */
+    if (max < len) {
+       invlist_extend(invlist, len);
+       array = invlist_array(invlist);
+    }
+
+    invlist_set_len(invlist, len);
+
+    /* The next item on the list starts the range, the one after that is
+     * one past the new range.  */
+    array[len - 2] = start;
+    if (end != UV_MAX) {
+       array[len - 1] = end + 1;
+    }
+    else {
+       /* But if the end is the maximum representable on the machine, just let
+        * the range have no end */
+       invlist_set_len(invlist, len - 1);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
+S_invlist_union(pTHX_ HV* const a, HV* const b)
+{
+    /* Return a new inversion list which is the union of two inversion lists.
+     * The basis for this comes from "Unicode Demystified" Chapter 13 by
+     * Richard Gillam, published by Addison-Wesley, and explained at some
+     * length there.  The preface says to incorporate its examples into your
+     * code at your own risk.
+     *
+     * The algorithm is like a merge sort.
+     *
+     * XXX A potential performance improvement is to keep track as we go along
+     * if only one of the inputs contributes to the result, meaning the other
+     * is a subset of that one.  In that case, we can skip the final copy and
+     * return the larger of the input lists */
+
+    UV* array_a = invlist_array(a);   /* a's array */
+    UV* array_b = invlist_array(b);
+    UV len_a = invlist_len(a); /* length of a's array */
+    UV len_b = invlist_len(b);
+
+    HV* u;                     /* the resulting union */
+    UV* array_u;
+    UV len_u;
+
+    UV i_a = 0;                    /* current index into a's array */
+    UV i_b = 0;
+    UV i_u = 0;
+
+    /* running count, as explained in the algorithm source book; items are
+     * stopped accumulating and are output when the count changes to/from 0.
+     * The count is incremented when we start a range that's in the set, and
+     * decremented when we start a range that's not in the set.  So its range
+     * is 0 to 2.  Only when the count is zero is something not in the set.
+     */
+    UV count = 0;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_UNION;
+
+    /* Size the union for the worst case: that the sets are completely
+     * disjoint */
+    u = _new_invlist(len_a + len_b);
+    array_u = invlist_array(u);
+
+    /* Go through each list item by item, stopping when exhausted one of
+     * them */
+    while (i_a < len_a && i_b < len_b) {
+       UV cp;      /* The element to potentially add to the union's array */
+       bool cp_in_set;   /* is it in the the input list's set or not */
+
+       /* We need to take one or the other of the two inputs for the union.
+        * Since we are merging two sorted lists, we take the smaller of the
+        * next items.  In case of a tie, we take the one that is in its set
+        * first.  If we took one not in the set first, it would decrement the
+        * count, possibly to 0 which would cause it to be output as ending the
+        * range, and the next time through we would take the same number, and
+        * output it again as beginning the next range.  By doing it the
+        * opposite way, there is no possibility that the count will be
+        * momentarily decremented to 0, and thus the two adjoining ranges will
+        * be seamlessly merged.  (In a tie and both are in the set or both not
+        * in the set, it doesn't matter which we take first.) */
+       if (array_a[i_a] < array_b[i_b]
+           || (array_a[i_a] == array_b[i_b] && ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_a)))
+       {
+           cp_in_set = ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_a);
+           cp= array_a[i_a++];
+       }
+       else {
+           cp_in_set = ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_b);
+           cp= array_b[i_b++];
+       }
+
+       /* Here, have chosen which of the two inputs to look at.  Only output
+        * if the running count changes to/from 0, which marks the
+        * beginning/end of a range in that's in the set */
+       if (cp_in_set) {
+           if (count == 0) {
+               array_u[i_u++] = cp;
+           }
+           count++;
+       }
+       else {
+           count--;
+           if (count == 0) {
+               array_u[i_u++] = cp;
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+    /* Here, we are finished going through at least one of the lists, which
+     * means there is something remaining in at most one.  We check if the list
+     * that hasn't been exhausted is positioned such that we are in the middle
+     * of a range in its set or not.  (We are in the set if the next item in
+     * the array marks the beginning of something not in the set)   If in the
+     * set, we decrement 'count'; if 0, there is potentially more to output.
+     * There are four cases:
+     * 1) Both weren't in their sets, count is 0, and remains 0.  What's left
+     *    in the union is entirely from the non-exhausted set.
+     * 2) Both were in their sets, count is 2.  Nothing further should
+     *    be output, as everything that remains will be in the exhausted
+     *    list's set, hence in the union; decrementing to 1 but not 0 insures
+     *    that
+     * 3) the exhausted was in its set, non-exhausted isn't, count is 1.
+     *    Nothing further should be output because the union includes
+     *    everything from the exhausted set.  Not decrementing insures that.
+     * 4) the exhausted wasn't in its set, non-exhausted is, count is 1;
+     *    decrementing to 0 insures that we look at the remainder of the
+     *    non-exhausted set */
+    if ((i_a != len_a && ! ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_a))
+       || (i_b != len_b && ! ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_b)))
+    {
+       count--;
+    }
+
+    /* The final length is what we've output so far, plus what else is about to
+     * be output.  (If 'count' is non-zero, then the input list we exhausted
+     * has everything remaining up to the machine's limit in its set, and hence
+     * in the union, so there will be no further output. */
+    len_u = i_u;
+    if (count == 0) {
+       /* At most one of the subexpressions will be non-zero */
+       len_u += (len_a - i_a) + (len_b - i_b);
+    }
+
+    /* Set result to final length, which can change the pointer to array_u, so
+     * re-find it */
+    if (len_u != invlist_len(u)) {
+       invlist_set_len(u, len_u);
+       invlist_trim(u);
+       array_u = invlist_array(u);
+    }
+
+    /* When 'count' is 0, the list that was exhausted (if one was shorter than
+     * the other) ended with everything above it not in its set.  That means
+     * that the remaining part of the union is precisely the same as the
+     * non-exhausted list, so can just copy it unchanged.  (If both list were
+     * exhausted at the same time, then the operations below will be both 0.)
+     */
+    if (count == 0) {
+       IV copy_count; /* At most one will have a non-zero copy count */
+       if ((copy_count = len_a - i_a) > 0) {
+           Copy(array_a + i_a, array_u + i_u, copy_count, UV);
+       }
+       else if ((copy_count = len_b - i_b) > 0) {
+           Copy(array_b + i_b, array_u + i_u, copy_count, UV);
+       }
+    }
+
+    return u;
+}
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
+S_invlist_intersection(pTHX_ HV* const a, HV* const b)
+{
+    /* Return the intersection of two inversion lists.  The basis for this
+     * comes from "Unicode Demystified" Chapter 13 by Richard Gillam, published
+     * by Addison-Wesley, and explained at some length there.  The preface says
+     * to incorporate its examples into your code at your own risk.
+     *
+     * The algorithm is like a merge sort, and is essentially the same as the
+     * union above
+     */
+
+    UV* array_a = invlist_array(a);   /* a's array */
+    UV* array_b = invlist_array(b);
+    UV len_a = invlist_len(a); /* length of a's array */
+    UV len_b = invlist_len(b);
+
+    HV* r;                  /* the resulting intersection */
+    UV* array_r;
+    UV len_r;
+
+    UV i_a = 0;                    /* current index into a's array */
+    UV i_b = 0;
+    UV i_r = 0;
+
+    /* running count, as explained in the algorithm source book; items are
+     * stopped accumulating and are output when the count changes to/from 2.
+     * The count is incremented when we start a range that's in the set, and
+     * decremented when we start a range that's not in the set.  So its range
+     * is 0 to 2.  Only when the count is 2 is something in the intersection.
+     */
+    UV count = 0;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_INTERSECTION;
+
+    /* Size the intersection for the worst case: that the intersection ends up
+     * fragmenting everything to be completely disjoint */
+    r= _new_invlist(len_a + len_b);
+    array_r = invlist_array(r);
+
+    /* Go through each list item by item, stopping when exhausted one of
+     * them */
+    while (i_a < len_a && i_b < len_b) {
+       UV cp;      /* The element to potentially add to the intersection's
+                      array */
+       bool cp_in_set; /* Is it in the input list's set or not */
+
+       /* We need to take one or the other of the two inputs for the union.
+        * Since we are merging two sorted lists, we take the smaller of the
+        * next items.  In case of a tie, we take the one that is not in its
+        * set first (a difference from the union algorithm).  If we took one
+        * in the set first, it would increment the count, possibly to 2 which
+        * would cause it to be output as starting a range in the intersection,
+        * and the next time through we would take that same number, and output
+        * it again as ending the set.  By doing it the opposite of this, we
+        * there is no possibility that the count will be momentarily
+        * incremented to 2.  (In a tie and both are in the set or both not in
+        * the set, it doesn't matter which we take first.) */
+       if (array_a[i_a] < array_b[i_b]
+           || (array_a[i_a] == array_b[i_b] && ! ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_a)))
+       {
+           cp_in_set = ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_a);
+           cp= array_a[i_a++];
+       }
+       else {
+           cp_in_set = ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_b);
+           cp= array_b[i_b++];
+       }
+
+       /* Here, have chosen which of the two inputs to look at.  Only output
+        * if the running count changes to/from 2, which marks the
+        * beginning/end of a range that's in the intersection */
+       if (cp_in_set) {
+           count++;
+           if (count == 2) {
+               array_r[i_r++] = cp;
+           }
+       }
+       else {
+           if (count == 2) {
+               array_r[i_r++] = cp;
+           }
+           count--;
+       }
+    }
+
+    /* Here, we are finished going through at least one of the sets, which
+     * means there is something remaining in at most one.  See the comments in
+     * the union code */
+    if ((i_a != len_a && ! ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_a))
+       || (i_b != len_b && ! ELEMENT_IN_INVLIST_SET(i_b)))
+    {
+       count--;
+    }
+
+    /* The final length is what we've output so far plus what else is in the
+     * intersection.  Only one of the subexpressions below will be non-zero */
+    len_r = i_r;
+    if (count == 2) {
+       len_r += (len_a - i_a) + (len_b - i_b);
+    }
+
+    /* Set result to final length, which can change the pointer to array_r, so
+     * re-find it */
+    if (len_r != invlist_len(r)) {
+       invlist_set_len(r, len_r);
+       invlist_trim(r);
+       array_r = invlist_array(r);
+    }
+
+    /* Finish outputting any remaining */
+    if (count == 2) { /* Only one of will have a non-zero copy count */
+       IV copy_count;
+       if ((copy_count = len_a - i_a) > 0) {
+           Copy(array_a + i_a, array_r + i_r, copy_count, UV);
+       }
+       else if ((copy_count = len_b - i_b) > 0) {
+           Copy(array_b + i_b, array_r + i_r, copy_count, UV);
+       }
+    }
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+STATIC HV*
+S_add_range_to_invlist(pTHX_ HV* const invlist, const UV start, const UV end)
+{
+    /* Add the range from 'start' to 'end' inclusive to the inversion list's
+     * set.  A pointer to the inversion list is returned.  This may actually be
+     * a new list, in which case the passed in one has been destroyed */
+
+    HV* range_invlist;
+    HV* added_invlist;
+
+    UV len = invlist_len(invlist);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ADD_RANGE_TO_INVLIST;
+
+    /* If comes after the final entry, can just append it to the end */
+    if (len == 0
+       || start >= invlist_array(invlist)
+                                   [invlist_len(invlist) - 1])
+    {
+       _append_range_to_invlist(invlist, start, end);
+       return invlist;
+    }
+
+    /* Here, can't just append things, create and return a new inversion list
+     * which is the union of this range and the existing inversion list */
+    range_invlist = _new_invlist(2);
+    _append_range_to_invlist(range_invlist, start, end);
+
+    added_invlist = invlist_union(invlist, range_invlist);
+
+    /* The passed in list can be freed, as well as our temporary */
+    invlist_destroy(range_invlist);
+    if (invlist != added_invlist) {
+       invlist_destroy(invlist);
+    }
+
+    return added_invlist;
+}
+
+/* End of inversion list object */
+
 /*
  - reg - regular expression, i.e. main body or parenthesized thing
  *
@@ -5838,11 +6481,13 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state,
                                   ((! FOLD)
                                     ? NREF
-                                    : (UNI_SEMANTICS)
-                                      ? NREFFU
-                                      : (LOC)
-                                        ? NREFFL
-                                        : NREFF),
+                                    : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                      ? NREFFA
+                                       : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
+                                         ? NREFFU
+                                         : (LOC)
+                                           ? NREFFL
+                                           : NREFF),
                                    num);
                     *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
 
@@ -5938,6 +6583,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
                    goto capturing_parens;
                }
                 RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
+               RExC_in_lookbehind++;
                RExC_parse++;
            case '=':           /* (?=...) */
                RExC_seen_zerolen++;
@@ -6270,10 +6916,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
                                       that follow */
                 has_use_defaults = TRUE;
                 STD_PMMOD_FLAGS_CLEAR(&RExC_flags);
-               if (RExC_utf8) {    /* But the default for a utf8 pattern is
-                                      unicode semantics */
-                   set_regex_charset(&RExC_flags, REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
-               }
+               set_regex_charset(&RExC_flags, (RExC_utf8 || RExC_uni_semantics)
+                                               ? REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET
+                                               : REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET);
                 goto parse_flags;
            default:
                --RExC_parse;
@@ -6308,7 +6953,14 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
                         if (has_charset_modifier || flagsp == &negflags) {
                             goto fail_modifiers;
                         }
-                       cs = REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
+                       if (*(RExC_parse + 1) == ASCII_RESTRICT_PAT_MOD) {
+                           /* Doubled modifier implies more restricted */
+                           cs = REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
+                           RExC_parse++;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                           cs = REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
+                       }
                         has_charset_modifier = 1;
                         break;
                     case DEPENDS_PAT_MOD:
@@ -6321,8 +6973,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
 
                        /* The dual charset means unicode semantics if the
                         * pattern (or target, not known until runtime) are
-                        * utf8 */
-                       cs = (RExC_utf8)
+                        * utf8, or something in the pattern indicates unicode
+                        * semantics */
+                       cs = (RExC_utf8 || RExC_uni_semantics)
                             ? REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET
                             : REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET;
                         has_charset_modifier = 1;
@@ -6585,6 +7238,10 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
            FAIL("Junk on end of regexp");      /* "Can't happen". */
        /* NOTREACHED */
     }
+
+    if (RExC_in_lookbehind) {
+       RExC_in_lookbehind--;
+    }
     if (after_freeze)
         RExC_npar = after_freeze;
     return(ret);
@@ -7024,13 +7681,15 @@ S_reg_namedseq(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, UV *valuep, I32 *flagp)
        STRLEN len = 0;     /* Its current byte length */
        char *endchar;      /* Points to '.' or '}' ending cur char in the input
                               stream */
-
-       ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, (U8) ((! FOLD) ? EXACT
-                                                  : (LOC)
-                                                     ? EXACTFL
-                                                     : UNI_SEMANTICS
-                                                       ? EXACTFU
-                                                       : EXACTF));
+       ret = reg_node(pRExC_state,
+                          (U8) ((! FOLD) ? EXACT
+                                         : (LOC)
+                                            ? EXACTFL
+                                            : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                              ? EXACTFA
+                                              : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
+                                                ? EXACTFU
+                                                : EXACTF));
        s= STRING(ret);
 
        /* Exact nodes can hold only a U8 length's of text = 255.  Loop through
@@ -7047,6 +7706,7 @@ S_reg_namedseq(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, UV *valuep, I32 *flagp)
                            | PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX
                            | (SIZE_ONLY ? PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT : 0);
            UV cp;  /* Ord of current character */
+           bool use_this_char_fold = FOLD;
 
            /* Code points are separated by dots.  If none, there is only one
             * code point, and is terminated by the brace */
@@ -7067,7 +7727,37 @@ S_reg_namedseq(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, UV *valuep, I32 *flagp)
                vFAIL("Invalid hexadecimal number in \\N{U+...}");
            }    
 
-           if (! FOLD) {       /* Not folding, just append to the string */
+           if (FOLD
+               && (cp > 255 || ! MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+               && is_TRICKYFOLD_cp(cp))
+           {
+           }
+
+           /* Under /aa, we can't mix ASCII with non- in a fold.  If we are
+            * folding, and the source isn't ASCII, look through all the
+            * characters it folds to.  If any one of them is ASCII, forbid
+            * this fold.  (cp is uni, so the 127 below is correct even for
+            * EBCDIC) */
+           if (use_this_char_fold && cp > 127 && MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+               U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
+               U8* s = tmpbuf;
+               U8* e;
+               STRLEN foldlen;
+
+               (void) toFOLD_uni(cp, tmpbuf, &foldlen);
+               e = s + foldlen;
+
+               while (s < e) {
+                   if (isASCII(*s)) {
+                       use_this_char_fold = FALSE;
+                       break;
+                   }
+                   s += UTF8SKIP(s);
+               }
+           }
+
+           if (! use_this_char_fold) { /* Not folding, just append to the
+                                          string */
                STRLEN unilen;
 
                /* Quit before adding this character if would exceed limit */
@@ -7381,6 +8071,7 @@ tryagain:
                    op = ALNUMU;
                    break;
                case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+               case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                    op = ALNUMA;
                    break;
                case REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET:
@@ -7401,6 +8092,7 @@ tryagain:
                    op = NALNUMU;
                    break;
                case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+               case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                    op = NALNUMA;
                    break;
                case REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET:
@@ -7423,6 +8115,7 @@ tryagain:
                    op = BOUNDU;
                    break;
                case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+               case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                    op = BOUNDA;
                    break;
                case REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET:
@@ -7434,6 +8127,9 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
            FLAGS(ret) = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           if (! SIZE_ONLY && (U8) *(RExC_parse + 1) == '{') {
+               ckWARNregdep(RExC_parse, "\"\\b{\" is deprecated; use \"\\b\\{\" instead");
+           }
            goto finish_meta_pat;
        case 'B':
            RExC_seen_zerolen++;
@@ -7446,6 +8142,7 @@ tryagain:
                    op = NBOUNDU;
                    break;
                case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+               case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                    op = NBOUNDA;
                    break;
                case REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET:
@@ -7457,6 +8154,9 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
            FLAGS(ret) = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+           if (! SIZE_ONLY && (U8) *(RExC_parse + 1) == '{') {
+               ckWARNregdep(RExC_parse, "\"\\B{\" is deprecated; use \"\\B\\{\" instead");
+           }
            goto finish_meta_pat;
        case 's':
            switch (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags)) {
@@ -7467,6 +8167,7 @@ tryagain:
                    op = SPACEU;
                    break;
                case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+               case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                    op = SPACEA;
                    break;
                case REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET:
@@ -7487,6 +8188,7 @@ tryagain:
                    op = NSPACEU;
                    break;
                case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+               case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                    op = NSPACEA;
                    break;
                case REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET:
@@ -7504,6 +8206,7 @@ tryagain:
                    op = DIGITL;
                    break;
                case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+               case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                    op = DIGITA;
                    break;
                case REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET: /* No difference between these */
@@ -7522,6 +8225,7 @@ tryagain:
                    op = NDIGITL;
                    break;
                case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+               case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                    op = NDIGITA;
                    break;
                case REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET: /* No difference between these */
@@ -7630,11 +8334,13 @@ tryagain:
                 ret = reganode(pRExC_state,
                                ((! FOLD)
                                  ? NREF
-                                 : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
-                                   ? NREFFU
-                                   : (LOC)
-                                     ? NREFFL
-                                     : NREFF),
+                                : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                  ? NREFFA
+                                   : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
+                                     ? NREFFU
+                                     : (LOC)
+                                       ? NREFFL
+                                       : NREFF),
                                 num);
                 *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
 
@@ -7698,11 +8404,13 @@ tryagain:
                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state,
                                   ((! FOLD)
                                     ? REF
-                                    : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
-                                      ? REFFU
-                                      : (LOC)
-                                        ? REFFL
-                                        : REFF),
+                                    : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                      ? REFFA
+                                       : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
+                                         ? REFFU
+                                         : (LOC)
+                                           ? REFFL
+                                           : REFF),
                                    num);
                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
 
@@ -7741,6 +8449,7 @@ tryagain:
            char *s;
            STRLEN foldlen;
            U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1], *foldbuf;
+           regnode * orig_emit;
 
             parse_start = RExC_parse - 1;
 
@@ -7748,13 +8457,18 @@ tryagain:
 
        defchar:
            ender = 0;
+           orig_emit = RExC_emit; /* Save the original output node position in
+                                     case we need to output a different node
+                                     type */
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state,
                           (U8) ((! FOLD) ? EXACT
                                          : (LOC)
                                             ? EXACTFL
-                                            : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
-                                              ? EXACTFU
-                                              : EXACTF)
+                                            : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                              ? EXACTFA
+                                              : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
+                                                ? EXACTFU
+                                                : EXACTF)
                    );
            s = STRING(ret);
            for (len = 0, p = RExC_parse - 1;
@@ -7903,7 +8617,7 @@ tryagain:
                        break;
                    case 'c':
                        p++;
-                       ender = grok_bslash_c(*p++, SIZE_ONLY);
+                       ender = grok_bslash_c(*p++, UTF, SIZE_ONLY);
                        break;
                    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':case '4':
                    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8':case '9':
@@ -7939,8 +8653,13 @@ tryagain:
                            FAIL("Trailing \\");
                        /* FALL THROUGH */
                    default:
-                       if (!SIZE_ONLY&& isALPHA(*p))
-                           ckWARN2reg(p + 1, "Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through", UCHARAT(p));
+                       if (!SIZE_ONLY&& isALPHA(*p)) {
+                           /* Include any { following the alpha to emphasize
+                            * that it could be part of an escape at some point
+                            * in the future */
+                           int len = (*(p + 1) == '{') ? 2 : 1;
+                           ckWARN3reg(p + len, "Unrecognized escape \\%.*s passed through", len, p);
+                       }
                        goto normal_default;
                    }
                    break;
@@ -7953,14 +8672,109 @@ tryagain:
                        p += numlen;
                    }
                    else
-                       ender = *p++;
+                       ender = (U8) *p++;
                    break;
+               } /* End of switch on the literal */
+
+               /* Certain characters are problematic because their folded
+                * length is so different from their original length that it
+                * isn't handleable by the optimizer.  They are therefore not
+                * placed in an EXACTish node; and are here handled specially.
+                * (Even if the optimizer handled LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S,
+                * putting it in a special node keeps regexec from having to
+                * deal with a non-utf8 multi-char fold */
+               if (FOLD
+                   && (ender > 255 || ! MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                   && is_TRICKYFOLD_cp(ender))
+               {
+                   /* If is in middle of outputting characters into an
+                    * EXACTish node, go output what we have so far, and
+                    * position the parse so that this will be called again
+                    * immediately */
+                   if (len) {
+                       p  = RExC_parse + len - 1;
+                       goto loopdone;
+                   }
+                   else {
+
+                       /* Here we are ready to output our tricky fold
+                        * character.  What's done is to pretend it's in a
+                        * [bracketed] class, and let the code that deals with
+                        * those handle it, as that code has all the
+                        * intelligence necessary.  First save the current
+                        * parse state, get rid of the already allocated EXACT
+                        * node that the ANYOFV node will replace, and point
+                        * the parse to a buffer which we fill with the
+                        * character we want the regclass code to think is
+                        * being parsed */
+                       char* const oldregxend = RExC_end;
+                       char tmpbuf[2];
+                       RExC_emit = orig_emit;
+                       RExC_parse = tmpbuf;
+                       if (UTF) {
+                           tmpbuf[0] = UTF8_TWO_BYTE_HI(ender);
+                           tmpbuf[1] = UTF8_TWO_BYTE_LO(ender);
+                           RExC_end = RExC_parse + 2;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                           tmpbuf[0] = (char) ender;
+                           RExC_end = RExC_parse + 1;
+                       }
+
+                       ret = regclass(pRExC_state,depth+1);
+
+                       /* Here, have parsed the buffer.  Reset the parse to
+                        * the actual input, and return */
+                       RExC_end = oldregxend;
+                       RExC_parse = p - 1;
+
+                       Set_Node_Offset(ret, RExC_parse);
+                       Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret);
+                       nextchar(pRExC_state);
+                       *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+                       return ret;
+                   }
                }
+
                if ( RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_EXTENDED)
                    p = regwhite( pRExC_state, p );
                if (UTF && FOLD) {
                    /* Prime the casefolded buffer. */
-                   ender = toFOLD_uni(ender, tmpbuf, &foldlen);
+                   if (isASCII(ender)) {
+                       ender = toLOWER(ender);
+                       *tmpbuf = (U8) ender;
+                       foldlen = 1;
+                   }
+                   else if (! MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                       ender = toFOLD_uni(ender, tmpbuf, &foldlen);
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       /* When not to mix ASCII with non-, reject folds that
+                        * mix them, using only the non-folded code point.  So
+                        * do the fold to a temporary, and inspect each
+                        * character in it. */
+                       U8 trialbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
+                       U8* s = trialbuf;
+                       UV tmpender = toFOLD_uni(ender, trialbuf, &foldlen);
+                       U8* e = s + foldlen;
+                       bool fold_ok = TRUE;
+
+                       while (s < e) {
+                           if (isASCII(*s)) {
+                               fold_ok = FALSE;
+                               break;
+                           }
+                           s += UTF8SKIP(s);
+                       }
+                       if (fold_ok) {
+                           Copy(trialbuf, tmpbuf, foldlen, U8);
+                           ender = tmpender;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                           uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, ender);
+                           foldlen = UNISKIP(ender);
+                       }
+                   }
                }
                if (p < RExC_end && ISMULT2(p)) { /* Back off on ?+*. */
                    if (len)
@@ -8035,7 +8849,8 @@ tryagain:
                else
                    REGC((char)ender, s++);
            }
-       loopdone:
+       loopdone:   /* Jumped to when encounters something that shouldn't be in
+                      the node */
            RExC_parse = p - 1;
             Set_Node_Cur_Length(ret); /* MJD */
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
@@ -8258,14 +9073,14 @@ S_checkposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 ANYOF_##NAME:                                                                  \
        for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                                  \
            if (TEST)                                                          \
-           stored += S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value);  \
+           stored += set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value, &nonbitmap);  \
     yesno = '+';                                                               \
     what = WORD;                                                               \
     break;                                                                     \
 case ANYOF_N##NAME:                                                            \
        for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                                  \
            if (!TEST)                                                         \
-           stored += S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value);  \
+           stored += set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value, &nonbitmap);  \
     yesno = '!';                                                               \
     what = WORD;                                                               \
     break
@@ -8274,20 +9089,20 @@ case ANYOF_N##NAME:                                                            \
  * there are two tests passed in, to use depending on that. There aren't any
  * cases where the label is different from the name, so no need for that
  * parameter */
-#define _C_C_T_(NAME,TEST_8,TEST_7,WORD)                                       \
+#define _C_C_T_(NAME, TEST_8, TEST_7, WORD)                                    \
 ANYOF_##NAME:                                                                  \
     if (LOC) ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_##NAME);                               \
     else if (UNI_SEMANTICS) {                                                  \
         for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {                                \
-            if (TEST_8) stored +=                                              \
-                      S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value);  \
+            if (TEST_8(value)) stored +=                                       \
+                      set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value, &nonbitmap);  \
         }                                                                      \
     }                                                                          \
     else {                                                                     \
         for (value = 0; value < 128; value++) {                                \
-            if (TEST_7) stored +=                                              \
-               S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret,                     \
-                                  (U8) UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));                 \
+            if (TEST_7(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value))) stored +=                        \
+               set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret,                     \
+                                  (U8) UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), &nonbitmap);                 \
         }                                                                      \
     }                                                                          \
     yesno = '+';                                                               \
@@ -8297,18 +9112,19 @@ case ANYOF_N##NAME:                                                            \
     if (LOC) ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, ANYOF_N##NAME);                              \
     else if (UNI_SEMANTICS) {                                                  \
         for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {                                \
-            if (! TEST_8) stored +=                                            \
-                   S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value);    \
+            if (! TEST_8(value)) stored +=                                     \
+                   set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value, &nonbitmap);    \
         }                                                                      \
     }                                                                          \
     else {                                                                     \
         for (value = 0; value < 128; value++) {                                \
-            if (! TEST_7) stored +=                                            \
-                   S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value);    \
+            if (! TEST_7(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value))) stored += set_regclass_bit(  \
+                       pRExC_state, ret, (U8) UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), &nonbitmap);    \
         }                                                                      \
-       if (ASCII_RESTRICTED) {                                                \
+       if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {                                       \
            for (value = 128; value < 256; value++) {                          \
-             stored += S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value); \
+             stored += set_regclass_bit(                                     \
+                          pRExC_state, ret, (U8) UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), &nonbitmap); \
            }                                                                  \
            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL|ANYOF_UTF8;                  \
        }                                                                      \
@@ -8342,7 +9158,7 @@ case ANYOF_N##NAME:                                                            \
 #endif
 
 STATIC U8
-S_set_regclass_bit_fold(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8 value)
+S_set_regclass_bit_fold(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8 value, HV** nonbitmap_ptr)
 {
 
     /* Handle the setting of folds in the bitmap for non-locale ANYOF nodes.
@@ -8359,15 +9175,17 @@ S_set_regclass_bit_fold(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8
     U8 stored = 0;
     U8 fold;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SET_REGCLASS_BIT_FOLD;
+
     fold = (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS) ? PL_fold_latin1[value]
-                           : PL_fold[value];
+                                    : PL_fold[value];
 
     /* It assumes the bit for 'value' has already been set */
     if (fold != value && ! ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(node, fold)) {
         ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(node, fold);
         stored++;
     }
-    if (_HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(value)
+    if ((_HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(value) && (! isASCII(value) || ! MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED))
        || (! UNI_SEMANTICS
            && ! isASCII(value)
            && PL_fold_latin1[value] != value))
@@ -8376,6 +9194,10 @@ S_set_regclass_bit_fold(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8
            don't have unicode semantics for the above ASCII Latin-1 characters,
            and they have a fold, they should match if the target is utf8, and
            not otherwise */
+       if (! *nonbitmap_ptr) {
+           *nonbitmap_ptr = _new_invlist(2);
+       }
+       *nonbitmap_ptr = add_range_to_invlist(*nonbitmap_ptr, value, value);
        ANYOF_FLAGS(node) |= ANYOF_UTF8;
     }
 
@@ -8384,7 +9206,7 @@ S_set_regclass_bit_fold(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8
 
 
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE U8
-S_set_regclass_bit(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8 value)
+S_set_regclass_bit(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8 value, HV** nonbitmap_ptr)
 {
     /* This inline function sets a bit in the bitmap if not already set, and if
      * appropriate, its fold, returning the number of bits that actually
@@ -8392,6 +9214,8 @@ S_set_regclass_bit(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8 valu
 
     U8 stored;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SET_REGCLASS_BIT;
+
     if (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(node, value)) {   /* Already set */
        return 0;
     }
@@ -8400,7 +9224,7 @@ S_set_regclass_bit(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8 valu
     stored = 1;
 
     if (FOLD && ! LOC) {       /* Locale folds aren't known until runtime */
-       stored += S_set_regclass_bit_fold(aTHX_ pRExC_state, node, value);
+       stored += set_regclass_bit_fold(pRExC_state, node, value, nonbitmap_ptr);
     }
 
     return stored;
@@ -8408,10 +9232,8 @@ S_set_regclass_bit(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode* node, const U8 valu
 
 /*
    parse a class specification and produce either an ANYOF node that
-   matches the pattern or if the pattern matches a single char only and
-   that char is < 256 and we are case insensitive then we produce an 
-   EXACT node instead.
-*/
+   matches the pattern or perhaps will be optimized into an EXACTish node
+   instead. */
 
 STATIC regnode *
 S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
@@ -8428,6 +9250,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
     bool need_class = 0;
     SV *listsv = NULL;
     UV n;
+    HV* nonbitmap = NULL;
     AV* unicode_alternate  = NULL;
 #ifdef EBCDIC
     UV literal_endpoint = 0;
@@ -8449,8 +9272,10 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
     /* Assume we are going to generate an ANYOF node. */
     ret = reganode(pRExC_state, ANYOF, 0);
 
-    if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+
+    if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
        ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) = 0;
+    }
 
     if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {  /* Complement of range. */
        RExC_naughty++;
@@ -8572,7 +9397,14 @@ parseit:
                    e = RExC_parse;
                    n = 1;
                }
-               if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
+               if (SIZE_ONLY) {
+                   if (LOC) {
+                       ckWARN2reg(RExC_parse,
+                               "\\%c uses Unicode rules, not locale rules",
+                               (int) value);
+                   }
+               }
+               else {
                    if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {
                         RExC_parse++;
                         n--;
@@ -8582,18 +9414,28 @@ parseit:
                              n--;
                         }
                    }
-                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%cutf8::%.*s\n",
-                       (value=='p' ? '+' : '!'), (int)n, RExC_parse);
+
+                   /* Add the property name to the list.  If /i matching, give
+                    * a different name which consists of the normal name
+                    * sandwiched between two underscores and '_i'.  The design
+                    * is discussed in the commit message for this. */
+                   Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%cutf8::%s%.*s%s\n",
+                                       (value=='p' ? '+' : '!'),
+                                       (FOLD) ? "__" : "",
+                                       (int)n,
+                                       RExC_parse,
+                                       (FOLD) ? "_i" : ""
+                                   );
                }
                RExC_parse = e + 1;
 
                /* The \p could match something in the Latin1 range, hence
                 * something that isn't utf8 */
                ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NONBITMAP;
-               if (FOLD) { /* And one of these could have a multi-char fold */
-                   OP(ret) = ANYOFV;
-               }
                namedclass = ANYOF_MAX;  /* no official name, but it's named */
+
+               /* \p means they want Unicode semantics */
+               RExC_uni_semantics = 1;
                }
                break;
            case 'n':   value = '\n';                   break;
@@ -8643,7 +9485,7 @@ parseit:
                    goto recode_encoding;
                break;
            case 'c':
-               value = grok_bslash_c(*RExC_parse++, SIZE_ONLY);
+               value = grok_bslash_c(*RExC_parse++, UTF, SIZE_ONLY);
                break;
            case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
            case '5': case '6': case '7':
@@ -8718,9 +9560,9 @@ parseit:
 
                    if (prevvalue < 256) {
                        stored +=
-                         S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) prevvalue);
+                         set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) prevvalue, &nonbitmap);
                        stored +=
-                         S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, '-');
+                         set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, '-', &nonbitmap);
                    }
                    else {
                        ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UTF8;
@@ -8744,26 +9586,26 @@ parseit:
                 * --jhi */
                switch ((I32)namedclass) {
                
-               case _C_C_T_(ALNUMC, isALNUMC_L1(value), isALNUMC(value), "XPosixAlnum");
-               case _C_C_T_(ALPHA, isALPHA_L1(value), isALPHA(value), "XPosixAlpha");
-               case _C_C_T_(BLANK, isBLANK_L1(value), isBLANK(value), "XPosixBlank");
-               case _C_C_T_(CNTRL, isCNTRL_L1(value), isCNTRL(value), "XPosixCntrl");
-               case _C_C_T_(GRAPH, isGRAPH_L1(value), isGRAPH(value), "XPosixGraph");
-               case _C_C_T_(LOWER, isLOWER_L1(value), isLOWER(value), "XPosixLower");
-               case _C_C_T_(PRINT, isPRINT_L1(value), isPRINT(value), "XPosixPrint");
-               case _C_C_T_(PSXSPC, isPSXSPC_L1(value), isPSXSPC(value), "XPosixSpace");
-               case _C_C_T_(PUNCT, isPUNCT_L1(value), isPUNCT(value), "XPosixPunct");
-               case _C_C_T_(UPPER, isUPPER_L1(value), isUPPER(value), "XPosixUpper");
+               case _C_C_T_(ALNUMC, isALNUMC_L1, isALNUMC, "XPosixAlnum");
+               case _C_C_T_(ALPHA, isALPHA_L1, isALPHA, "XPosixAlpha");
+               case _C_C_T_(BLANK, isBLANK_L1, isBLANK, "XPosixBlank");
+               case _C_C_T_(CNTRL, isCNTRL_L1, isCNTRL, "XPosixCntrl");
+               case _C_C_T_(GRAPH, isGRAPH_L1, isGRAPH, "XPosixGraph");
+               case _C_C_T_(LOWER, isLOWER_L1, isLOWER, "XPosixLower");
+               case _C_C_T_(PRINT, isPRINT_L1, isPRINT, "XPosixPrint");
+               case _C_C_T_(PSXSPC, isPSXSPC_L1, isPSXSPC, "XPosixSpace");
+               case _C_C_T_(PUNCT, isPUNCT_L1, isPUNCT, "XPosixPunct");
+               case _C_C_T_(UPPER, isUPPER_L1, isUPPER, "XPosixUpper");
 #ifdef BROKEN_UNICODE_CHARCLASS_MAPPINGS
                 /* \s, \w match all unicode if utf8. */
-                case _C_C_T_(SPACE, isSPACE_L1(value), isSPACE(value), "SpacePerl");
-                case _C_C_T_(ALNUM, isWORDCHAR_L1(value), isALNUM(value), "Word");
+                case _C_C_T_(SPACE, isSPACE_L1, isSPACE, "SpacePerl");
+                case _C_C_T_(ALNUM, isWORDCHAR_L1, isALNUM, "Word");
 #else
                 /* \s, \w match ascii and locale only */
-                case _C_C_T_(SPACE, isSPACE_L1(value), isSPACE(value), "PerlSpace");
-                case _C_C_T_(ALNUM, isWORDCHAR_L1(value), isALNUM(value), "PerlWord");
+                case _C_C_T_(SPACE, isSPACE_L1, isSPACE, "PerlSpace");
+                case _C_C_T_(ALNUM, isWORDCHAR_L1, isALNUM, "PerlWord");
 #endif         
-               case _C_C_T_(XDIGIT, isXDIGIT_L1(value), isXDIGIT(value), "XPosixXDigit");
+               case _C_C_T_(XDIGIT, isXDIGIT_L1, isXDIGIT, "XPosixXDigit");
                case _C_C_T_NOLOC_(VERTWS, is_VERTWS_latin1(&value), "VertSpace");
                case _C_C_T_NOLOC_(HORIZWS, is_HORIZWS_latin1(&value), "HorizSpace");
                case ANYOF_ASCII:
@@ -8772,7 +9614,7 @@ parseit:
                    else {
                        for (value = 0; value < 128; value++)
                            stored +=
-                              S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) ASCII_TO_NATIVE(value));
+                              set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) ASCII_TO_NATIVE(value), &nonbitmap);
                    }
                    yesno = '+';
                    what = NULL;        /* Doesn't match outside ascii, so
@@ -8784,7 +9626,7 @@ parseit:
                    else {
                        for (value = 128; value < 256; value++)
                            stored +=
-                              S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) ASCII_TO_NATIVE(value));
+                              set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) ASCII_TO_NATIVE(value), &nonbitmap);
                    }
                    ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
                    yesno = '!';
@@ -8797,7 +9639,7 @@ parseit:
                        /* consecutive digits assumed */
                        for (value = '0'; value <= '9'; value++)
                            stored +=
-                              S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value);
+                              set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value, &nonbitmap);
                    }
                    yesno = '+';
                    what = POSIX_CC_UNI_NAME("Digit");
@@ -8809,14 +9651,14 @@ parseit:
                        /* consecutive digits assumed */
                        for (value = 0; value < '0'; value++)
                            stored +=
-                              S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value);
+                              set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value, &nonbitmap);
                        for (value = '9' + 1; value < 256; value++)
                            stored +=
-                              S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value);
+                              set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) value, &nonbitmap);
                    }
                    yesno = '!';
                    what = POSIX_CC_UNI_NAME("Digit");
-                   if (ASCII_RESTRICTED ) {
+                   if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED ) {
                        ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
                    }
                    break;              
@@ -8827,7 +9669,7 @@ parseit:
                    vFAIL("Invalid [::] class");
                    break;
                }
-               if (what && ! (ASCII_RESTRICTED)) {
+               if (what && ! (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)) {
                    /* Strings such as "+utf8::isWord\n" */
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%cutf8::Is%s\n", yesno, what);
                    ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UTF8;
@@ -8862,13 +9704,19 @@ parseit:
                    }
                    if (!SIZE_ONLY)
                        stored +=
-                            S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, '-');
+                            set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, '-', &nonbitmap);
                } else
                    range = 1;  /* yeah, it's a range! */
                continue;       /* but do it the next time */
            }
        }
 
+       /* non-Latin1 code point implies unicode semantics.  Must be set in
+        * pass1 so is there for the whole of pass 2 */
+       if (value > 255) {
+           RExC_uni_semantics = 1;
+       }
+
        /* now is the next time */
        if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
            if (prevvalue < 256) {
@@ -8885,25 +9733,32 @@ parseit:
                        for (i = prevvalue; i <= ceilvalue; i++)
                            if (isLOWER(i) && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(ret,i)) {
                                stored +=
-                                  S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) i);
+                                  set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) i, &nonbitmap);
                            }
                    } else {
                        for (i = prevvalue; i <= ceilvalue; i++)
                            if (isUPPER(i) && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(ret,i)) {
                                stored +=
-                                  S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) i);
+                                  set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) i, &nonbitmap);
                            }
                    }
                }
                else
 #endif
                      for (i = prevvalue; i <= ceilvalue; i++) {
-                       stored += S_set_regclass_bit(aTHX_ pRExC_state, ret, (U8) i);
+                       stored += set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) i, &nonbitmap);
                      }
          }
-         if (value > 255 || UTF) {
-               const UV prevnatvalue  = NATIVE_TO_UNI(prevvalue);
-               const UV natvalue      = NATIVE_TO_UNI(value);
+         if (value > 255) {
+           const UV prevnatvalue  = NATIVE_TO_UNI(prevvalue);
+           const UV natvalue      = NATIVE_TO_UNI(value);
+           if (! nonbitmap) {
+               nonbitmap = _new_invlist(2);
+           }
+           nonbitmap = add_range_to_invlist(nonbitmap, prevnatvalue, natvalue);
+           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UTF8;
+       }
+#if 0
 
                /* If the code point requires utf8 to represent, and we are not
                 * folding, it can't match unless the target is in utf8.  Only
@@ -8921,8 +9776,10 @@ parseit:
 
                    /* Currently, we don't look at every value in the range.
                     * Therefore we have to assume the worst case: that if
-                    * folding, it will match more than one character */
-                   if (FOLD) {
+                    * folding, it will match more than one character.  But in
+                    * lookbehind patterns, can only be single character
+                    * length, so disallow those folds */
+                   if (FOLD && ! RExC_in_lookbehind) {
                      OP(ret) = ANYOFV;
                    }
                }
@@ -8956,8 +9813,9 @@ parseit:
 #endif
                                  Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv,
                                                 "%04"UVxf"\n", f);
-                             else {
+                             else if (! RExC_in_lookbehind) {
                                  /* Any multicharacter foldings
+                                  * (disallowed in lookbehind patterns)
                                   * require the following transform:
                                   * [ABCDEF] -> (?:[ABCabcDEFd]|pq|rst)
                                   * where E folds into "pq" and F folds
@@ -8997,6 +9855,7 @@ parseit:
                    }
                }
            }
+#endif
 #ifdef EBCDIC
            literal_endpoint = 0;
 #endif
@@ -9011,6 +9870,211 @@ parseit:
         return ret;
     /****** !SIZE_ONLY AFTER HERE *********/
 
+    /* Finish up the non-bitmap entries */
+    if (nonbitmap) {
+       UV* nonbitmap_array;
+       UV i;
+
+       /* If folding, we add to the list all characters that could fold to or
+        * from the ones already on the list */
+       if (FOLD) {
+           HV* fold_intersection;
+           UV* fold_list;
+
+           /* This is a list of all the characters that participate in folds
+            * (except marks, etc in multi-char folds */
+           if (! PL_utf8_foldable) {
+               SV* swash = swash_init("utf8", "Cased", &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
+               PL_utf8_foldable = _swash_to_invlist(swash);
+           }
+
+           /* This is a hash that for a particular fold gives all characters
+            * that are involved in it */
+           if (! PL_utf8_foldclosures) {
+
+               /* If we were unable to find any folds, then we likely won't be
+                * able to find the closures.  So just create an empty list.
+                * Folding will effectively be restricted to the non-Unicode
+                * rules hard-coded into Perl.  (This case happens legitimately
+                * during compilation of Perl itself before the Unicode tables
+                * are generated) */
+               if (invlist_len(PL_utf8_foldable) == 0) {
+                   PL_utf8_foldclosures = _new_invlist(0);
+               } else {
+                   /* If the folds haven't been read in, call a fold function
+                    * to force that */
+                   if (! PL_utf8_tofold) {
+                       U8 dummy[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
+                       STRLEN dummy_len;
+                       to_utf8_fold((U8*) "A", dummy, &dummy_len);
+                   }
+                   PL_utf8_foldclosures = _swash_inversion_hash(PL_utf8_tofold);
+               }
+           }
+
+           /* Only the characters in this class that participate in folds need
+            * be checked.  Get the intersection of this class and all the
+            * possible characters that are foldable.  This can quickly narrow
+            * down a large class */
+           fold_intersection = invlist_intersection(PL_utf8_foldable, nonbitmap);
+
+           /* Now look at the foldable characters in this class individually */
+           fold_list = invlist_array(fold_intersection);
+           for (i = 0; i < invlist_len(fold_intersection); i++) {
+               UV j;
+
+               /* The next entry is the beginning of the range that is in the
+                * class */
+               UV start = fold_list[i++];
+
+
+               /* The next entry is the beginning of the next range, which
+                * isn't in the class, so the end of the current range is one
+                * less than that */
+               UV end = fold_list[i] - 1;
+
+               /* Look at every character in the range */
+               for (j = start; j <= end; j++) {
+
+                   /* Get its fold */
+                   U8 foldbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
+                   STRLEN foldlen;
+                   const UV f = to_uni_fold(j, foldbuf, &foldlen);
+
+                   if (foldlen > (STRLEN)UNISKIP(f)) {
+
+                       /* Any multicharacter foldings (disallowed in
+                        * lookbehind patterns) require the following
+                        * transform: [ABCDEF] -> (?:[ABCabcDEFd]|pq|rst) where
+                        * E folds into "pq" and F folds into "rst", all other
+                        * characters fold to single characters.  We save away
+                        * these multicharacter foldings, to be later saved as
+                        * part of the additional "s" data. */
+                       if (! RExC_in_lookbehind) {
+                           SV *sv;
+                           U8* loc = foldbuf;
+                           U8* e = foldbuf + foldlen;
+
+                           /* If any of the folded characters of this are in
+                            * the Latin1 range, tell the regex engine that
+                            * this can match a non-utf8 target string.  The
+                            * multi-byte fold whose source is in the
+                            * Latin1 range (U+00DF) applies only when the
+                            * target string is utf8, or under unicode rules */
+                           if (j > 255 || AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS) {
+                               while (loc < e) {
+                                   if (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED && (isASCII(*loc) != isASCII(j))) {
+                                       goto end_multi_fold;
+                                   }
+                                   /* XXX Discard this fold if any are latin1
+                                    * and LOC */
+                                   if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*loc)
+                                       || UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*loc))
+                                   {
+                                       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret)
+                                               |= ANYOF_NONBITMAP_NON_UTF8;
+                                       break;
+                                   }
+                                   loc += UTF8SKIP(loc);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_UTF8;
+
+                           if (!unicode_alternate) {
+                               unicode_alternate = newAV();
+                           }
+                           sv = newSVpvn_utf8((char*)foldbuf, foldlen, TRUE);
+                           av_push(unicode_alternate, sv);
+
+                           /* This node is variable length */
+                           OP(ret) = ANYOFV;
+                       end_multi_fold: ;
+                       }
+                   }
+                   else { /* Single character fold */
+                       SV** listp;
+
+                       /* Consider "k" =~ /[K]/i.  The line above would have
+                        * just folded the 'k' to itself, and that isn't going
+                        * to match 'K'.  So we look through the closure of
+                        * everything that folds to 'k'.  That will find the
+                        * 'K'.  Initialize the list, if necessary */
+
+                       /* The data structure is a hash with the keys every
+                        * character that is folded to, like 'k', and the
+                        * values each an array of everything that folds to its
+                        * key.  e.g. [ 'k', 'K', KELVIN_SIGN ] */
+                       if ((listp = hv_fetch(PL_utf8_foldclosures,
+                                     (char *) foldbuf, foldlen, FALSE)))
+                       {
+                           AV* list = (AV*) *listp;
+                           IV k;
+                           for (k = 0; k <= av_len(list); k++) {
+                               SV** c_p = av_fetch(list, k, FALSE);
+                               UV c;
+                               if (c_p == NULL) {
+                                   Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: invalid PL_utf8_foldclosures structure");
+                               }
+                               c = SvUV(*c_p);
+                               if (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED && (isASCII(c) != isASCII(j))) {
+                                   continue;
+                               }
+
+                               if (c < 256 && AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS) {
+                                   stored += set_regclass_bit(pRExC_state, ret, (U8) c, &nonbitmap);
+                               }
+                                   /* It may be that the code point is already
+                                    * in this range or already in the bitmap,
+                                    * XXX THink about LOC
+                                    * in which case we need do nothing */
+                               else if ((c < start || c > end)
+                                        && (c > 255
+                                            || ! ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(ret, c)))
+                               {
+                                   nonbitmap = add_range_to_invlist(nonbitmap, c, c);
+                               }
+                           }
+                       }
+                   }
+               }
+           }
+           invlist_destroy(fold_intersection);
+       } /* End of processing all the folds */
+
+       /*  Here have the full list of items to match that aren't in the
+        *  bitmap.  Convert to the structure that the rest of the code is
+        *  expecting.   XXX That rest of the code should convert to this
+        *  structure */
+       nonbitmap_array = invlist_array(nonbitmap);
+       for (i = 0; i < invlist_len(nonbitmap); i++) {
+
+           /* The next entry is the beginning of the range that is in the
+            * class */
+           UV start = nonbitmap_array[i++];
+
+           /* The next entry is the beginning of the next range, which isn't
+            * in the class, so the end of the current range is one less than
+            * that */
+           UV end = nonbitmap_array[i] - 1;
+
+           if (start == end) {
+               Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\n", start);
+           }
+           else {
+               /* The \t sets the whole range */
+               Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04"UVxf"\t%04"UVxf"\n",
+                       /* XXX EBCDIC */
+                                  start, end);
+           }
+       }
+       invlist_destroy(nonbitmap);
+    }
+
+    /* Here, we have calculated what code points should be in the character
+     * class.   Now we can see about various optimizations.  Fold calculation
+     * needs to take place before inversion.  Otherwise /[^k]/i would invert to
+     * include K, which under /i would match k. */
+
     /* Optimize inverted simple patterns (e.g. [^a-z]).  Note that we haven't
      * set the FOLD flag yet, so this this does optimize those.  It doesn't
      * optimize locale.  Doing so perhaps could be done as long as there is
@@ -9026,39 +10090,11 @@ parseit:
        ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) = ANYOF_UTF8|ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
     }
 
-    if (FOLD) {
-       SV *sv;
-
-       /* This is the one character in the bitmap that needs special handling
-        * under non-locale folding, as it folds to two characters 'ss'.  This
-        * happens if it is set and not inverting, or isn't set and are
-        * inverting */
-       if (! LOC
-           && (cBOOL(ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(ret, LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S))
-               ^ cBOOL(ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_INVERT)))
-       {
-           OP(ret) = ANYOFV;   /* Can match more than a single char */
-
-           /* Under Unicode semantics), it can do this when the target string
-            * isn't in utf8 */
-           if (UNI_SEMANTICS) {
-               ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NONBITMAP_NON_UTF8;
-           }
-
-           if (!unicode_alternate) {
-               unicode_alternate = newAV();
-           }
-           sv = newSVpvn_utf8("ss", 2, TRUE);
-           av_push(unicode_alternate, sv);
-       }
-
-       /* Folding in the bitmap is taken care of above, but not for locale
-        * (for which we have to wait to see what folding is in effect at
-        * runtime), and for things not in the bitmap.  Set run-time fold flag
-        * for these */
-       if ((LOC || (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_NONBITMAP))) {
-           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_LOC_NONBITMAP_FOLD;
-       }
+    /* Folding in the bitmap is taken care of above, but not for locale (for
+     * which we have to wait to see what folding is in effect at runtime), and
+     * for things not in the bitmap.  Set run-time fold flag for these */
+    if (FOLD && (LOC || (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_NONBITMAP))) {
+       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_LOC_NONBITMAP_FOLD;
     }
 
     /* A single character class can be "optimized" into an EXACTish node.
@@ -9535,6 +10571,7 @@ S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *p, const regnode *val,
             switch (OP(scan)) {
                 case EXACT:
                 case EXACTF:
+                case EXACTFA:
                 case EXACTFU:
                 case EXACTFL:
                         if( exact == PSEUDO )
@@ -9616,6 +10653,9 @@ S_regdump_extflags(pTHX_ const char *lead, const U32 flags)
                 case REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
                     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "ASCII-RESTRICTED");
                     break;
+                case REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET:
+                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "ASCII-MORE_RESTRICTED");
+                    break;
                 default:
                     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "UNKNOWN CHARACTER SET");
                     break;