+
+ is(fc "\x{03B0}" x $_, "\x{3C5}\x{308}\x{301}" x $_,
+ 'fc U+03B0 grows threefold');
+}
+
+# bug #43207
+my $temp = "HellO";
+for ("$temp") {
+ lc $_;
+ is($_, "HellO", '[perl #43207] lc($_) modifying $_');
+}
+for ("$temp") {
+ fc $_;
+ is($_, "HellO", '[perl #43207] fc($_) modifying $_');
+}
+for ("$temp") {
+ uc $_;
+ is($_, "HellO", '[perl #43207] uc($_) modifying $_');
+}
+for ("$temp") {
+ ucfirst $_;
+ is($_, "HellO", '[perl #43207] ucfirst($_) modifying $_');
+}
+for ("$temp") {
+ lcfirst $_;
+ is($_, "HellO", '[perl #43207] lcfirst($_) modifying $_');
+}
+
+# new in Unicode 5.1.0
+is(lc("\x{1E9E}"), uni_to_native("\x{df}"), "lc(LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S)");
+
+{
+ use feature 'unicode_strings';
+ use bytes;
+ is(lc(uni_to_native("\xc0")), uni_to_native("\xc0"), "lc of above-ASCII Latin1 is itself under use bytes");
+ is(lcfirst(uni_to_native("\xc0")), uni_to_native("\xc0"), "lcfirst of above-ASCII Latin1 is itself under use bytes");
+ is(uc(uni_to_native("\xe0")), uni_to_native("\xe0"), "uc of above-ASCII Latin1 is itself under use bytes");
+ is(ucfirst(uni_to_native("\xe0")), uni_to_native("\xe0"), "ucfirst of above-ASCII Latin1 is itself under use bytes");
+}
+
+# Brought up in ticket #117855: Constant folding applied to uc() should use
+# the right set of hints.
+fresh_perl_like(<<'constantfolding', qr/^(\d+),\1\z/, {},
+ my $function = "uc";
+ my $char = "\xff";
+ {
+ use feature 'unicode_strings';
+ print ord uc($char), ",",
+ ord eval "$function('$char')", "\n";
+ }
+constantfolding
+ 'folded uc() in string eval uses the right hints');
+
+# In-place lc/uc should not corrupt string buffers when given a non-utf8-
+# flagged thingy that stringifies to utf8
+my %h;
+$h{k} = bless[], "\x{3b0}\x{3b0}\x{3b0}bcde"; # U+03B0 grows with uc()
+ # using delete marks it as TEMP, so uc-in-place is permitted
+like uc delete $h{k}, qr "^(?:\x{3a5}\x{308}\x{301}){3}BCDE=ARRAY\(.*\)",
+ 'uc(TEMP ref) does not produce a corrupt string';
+$h{k} = bless[], "\x{130}bcde"; # U+0130 grows with lc()
+ # using delete marks it as TEMP, so uc-in-place is permitted
+like lc delete $h{k}, qr "^i\x{307}bcde=array\(.*\)",
+ 'lc(TEMP ref) does not produce a corrupt string';
+
+# List::Util::first() etc sets $_ to an SvTEMP without raising its
+# refcount. This was causing lc() etc to unsafely modify in-place.
+# see http://nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/228213
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "no List::Util on miniperl", 5, if is_miniperl;
+ require List::Util;
+ my %hl = qw(a 1 b 2 c 3);
+ my %hu = qw(A 1 B 2 C 3);
+ my $x;
+ $x = List::Util::first(sub { uc $_ eq 'A' }, keys %hl);
+ is($x, "a", "first { uc }");
+ $x = List::Util::first(sub { ucfirst $_ eq 'A' }, keys %hl);
+ is($x, "a", "first { ucfirst }");
+ $x = List::Util::first(sub { lc $_ eq 'a' }, keys %hu);
+ is($x, "A", "first { lc }");
+ $x = List::Util::first(sub { lcfirst $_ eq 'a' }, keys %hu);
+ is($x, "A", "first { lcfirst }");
+ $x = List::Util::first(sub { fc $_ eq 'a' }, keys %hu);
+ is($x, "A", "first { fc }");
+}
+
+my $non_turkic_locale = find_utf8_ctype_locale();
+my $turkic_locale = find_utf8_turkic_locale();
+
+foreach my $turkic (0 .. 1) {
+ my $type = ($turkic) ? "turkic" : "non-turkic";
+ my $locale = ($turkic) ? $turkic_locale : $non_turkic_locale;
+
+ SKIP: {
+ skip "Can't find a $type UTF-8 locale", 4*256 unless defined $locale;
+
+ use feature qw( unicode_strings );
+
+ no locale;
+
+ my @unicode_lc;
+ my @unicode_uc;
+ my @unicode_lcfirst;
+ my @unicode_ucfirst;
+
+ # Get all the values outside of 'locale'
+ for my $i (0 .. 255) {
+ push @unicode_lc, lc(chr $i);
+ push @unicode_uc, uc(chr $i);
+ push @unicode_lcfirst, lcfirst(chr $i);
+ push @unicode_ucfirst, ucfirst(chr $i);
+ }
+
+ if ($turkic) {
+ $unicode_lc[ord 'I'] = chr 0x131;
+ $unicode_lcfirst[ord 'I'] = chr 0x131;
+ $unicode_uc[ord 'i'] = chr 0x130;
+ $unicode_ucfirst[ord 'i'] = chr 0x130;
+ }
+
+ use locale;
+ setlocale(&POSIX::LC_CTYPE, $locale);
+
+ for my $i (0 .. 255) {
+ is(lc(chr $i), $unicode_lc[$i], "In a $type UTF-8 locale, lc(chr $i) is the same as official Unicode");
+ is(uc(chr $i), $unicode_uc[$i], "In a $type UTF-8 locale, uc(chr $i) is the same as official Unicode");
+ is(lcfirst(chr $i), $unicode_lcfirst[$i], "In a $type UTF-8 locale, lcfirst(chr $i) is the same as official Unicode");
+ is(ucfirst(chr $i), $unicode_ucfirst[$i], "In a $type UTF-8 locale, ucfirst(chr $i) is the same as official Unicode");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "Can't find a turkic UTF-8 locale", 15 unless defined $turkic_locale;
+
+ # These are designed to stress the calculation of space needed for the
+ # strings. $filler contains a variety of characters that have special
+ # handling in the casing functions, and some regular chars as well.
+ my $filler_length = 10000;
+ my $filler = uni_to_native("\x{df}\x{b5}\x{e0}\x{c1}\x{b6}\x{ff}") x $filler_length;
+
+ # These are the correct answers to what should happen when the given
+ # casing function is called on $filler;
+ my $filler_lc = uni_to_native("\x{df}\x{b5}\x{e0}\x{e1}\x{b6}\x{ff}") x $filler_length;
+ my $filler_fc = ("ss" . uni_to_native("\x{b5}\x{e0}\x{e1}\x{b6}\x{ff}")) x $filler_length;
+ my $filler_uc = ("SS" . uni_to_native("\x{39c}\x{c0}\x{c1}\x{b6}\x{178}")) x $filler_length;
+
+ use locale;
+ setlocale(&POSIX::LC_CTYPE, $turkic_locale);
+
+ is (lc "IIIIIII$filler", "\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}$filler_lc",
+ "lc non-UTF-8, in Turkic locale, beginning with a bunch of I's");
+ is (lc "${filler}IIIIIII$filler", "$filler_lc\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}$filler_lc",
+ "lc non-UTF-8, in Turkic locale, a bunch of I's, but not at the beginning");
+ is (lc "${filler}I\x{307}$filler", "${filler_lc}i$filler_lc",
+ "lc in Turkic locale with DOT ABOVE immediately following I");
+ is (lc "${filler}I\x{307}IIIIII$filler", "${filler_lc}i\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}\x{131}$filler_lc",
+ "lc in Turkic locale with DOT ABOVE immediately following I, then other I's ");
+ is (lc "${filler}I\x{316}\x{307}$filler", "${filler_lc}i\x{316}$filler_lc",
+ "lc in Turkic locale with DOT ABOVE after non-ABOVE");
+ is (lc "${filler}I\x{307}\x{300}$filler", "${filler_lc}i\x{300}$filler_lc",
+ "lc in Turkic locale with DOT ABOVE followed by ABOVE");
+ is (lc "${filler}I\x{300}\x{307}$filler", "$filler_lc\x{131}\x{300}\x{307}$filler_lc",
+ "lc in Turkic locale with with other ABOVE before DOT ABOVE");
+ is (lcfirst "IIIIIII$filler", "\x{131}IIIIII$filler",
+ "lcfirst in Turkic locale, only first I changed");
+ is (lcfirst "I\x{307}$filler", "i$filler",
+ "lcfirst in Turkic locale with DOT ABOVE immediately following I");
+ is (lcfirst "I\x{307}IIIIII$filler", "iIIIIII$filler",
+ "lcfirst in Turkic locale with DOT ABOVE immediately following I, then"
+ . " other I's ");
+ is (lcfirst "I\x{316}\x{307}IIIIII$filler", "i\x{316}IIIIII$filler",
+ "lcfirst in Turkic locale with DOT ABOVE after non-ABOVE");
+ is (lcfirst "I\x{307}\x{300}IIIIII$filler", "i\x{300}IIIIII$filler",
+ "lcfirst in Turkic locale with DOT ABOVE followed by ABOVE");
+ is (lcfirst "I\x{300}\x{307}IIIIII$filler", "\x{131}\x{300}\x{307}IIIIII$filler",
+ "lcfirst in Turkic locale with with other ABOVE before DOT ABOVE");
+ is (uc "${filler}i$filler", "$filler_uc\x{130}$filler_uc", "long string uc in Turkic locale");
+ is (ucfirst "ii$filler", "\x{130}i$filler", "long string ucfirst in Turkic locale; only first char changes");