connections use the C<pack> and C<unpack> formats C<n> and C<N>, the
"network" orders. These are guaranteed to be portable.
-As of perl 5.9.2, you can also use the C<E<gt>> and C<E<lt>> modifiers
+As of perl 5.10.0, you can also use the C<E<gt>> and C<E<lt>> modifiers
to force big- or little-endian byte-order. This is useful if you want
to store signed integers or 64-bit integers, for example.
One can circumnavigate both these problems in two ways. Either
transfer and store numbers always in text format, instead of raw
-binary, or else consider using modules like Data::Dumper (included in
-the standard distribution as of Perl 5.005) and Storable (included as
-of perl 5.8). Keeping all data as text significantly simplifies matters.
+binary, or else consider using modules like Data::Dumper and Storable
+(included as of perl 5.8). Keeping all data as text significantly
+simplifies matters.
The v-strings are portable only up to v2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF), that's
how far EBCDIC, or more precisely UTF-EBCDIC will go.
Don't assume that the epoch starts at 00:00:00, January 1, 1970,
because that is OS- and implementation-specific. It is better to
store a date in an unambiguous representation. The ISO 8601 standard
-defines YYYY-MM-DD as the date format, or YYYY-MM-DDTHH-MM-SS
+defines YYYY-MM-DD as the date format, or YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS
(that's a literal "T" separating the date from the time).
Please do use the ISO 8601 instead of making us guess what
date 02/03/04 might be. ISO 8601 even sorts nicely as-is.
later. If the bytes are native 8-bit bytes, you can use the C<bytes>
pragma. If the bytes are in a string (regular expression being a
curious string), you can often also use the C<\xHH> notation instead
-of embedding the bytes as-is. (If you want to write your code in UTF-8,
-you can use the C<utf8>.) The C<bytes> and C<utf8> pragmata are
-available since Perl 5.6.0.
+of embedding the bytes as-is. If you want to write your code in UTF-8,
+you can use the C<utf8>.
=head2 System Resources
missing!) virtual memory systems then you want to be I<especially> mindful
of avoiding wasteful constructs such as:
- # NOTE: this is no longer "bad" in perl5.005
- for (0..10000000) {} # bad
- for (my $x = 0; $x <= 10000000; ++$x) {} # good
-
my @lines = <$very_large_file>; # bad
while (<$fh>) {$file .= $_} # sometimes bad
=head1 PLATFORMS
-As of version 5.002, Perl is built with a C<$^O> variable that
-indicates the operating system it was built on. This was implemented
+Perl is built with a C<$^O> variable that indicates the operating
+system it was built on. This was implemented
to help speed up code that would otherwise have to C<use Config>
and use the value of C<$Config{osname}>. Of course, to get more
detailed information about the system, looking into C<%Config> is
Windows Vista MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 6 00
Windows 7 MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 6 01
Windows 7 MSWin32 MSWin32-x64 2 6 01
+ Windows 2008 MSWin32 MSWin32-x86 2 6 01
+ Windows 2008 MSWin32 MSWin32-x64 2 6 01
Windows CE MSWin32 ? 3
Cygwin cygwin cygwin
=item *
-F<README.vms> (installed as
L<README_vms>), L<perlvms>
+F<README.vms> (installed as
F<README_vms>), L<perlvms>
=item *
services for OS/390" (formerly known as OpenEdition), VM/ESA OpenEdition, or
the BS200 POSIX-BC system (BS2000 is supported in perl 5.6 and greater).
See L<perlos390> for details. Note that for OS/400 there is also a port of
-Perl 5.8.1/5.9.0 or later to the PASE which is ASCII-based (as opposed to
+Perl 5.8.1/5.10.0 or later to the PASE which is ASCII-based (as opposed to
ILE which is EBCDIC-based), see L<perlos400>.
As of R2.5 of USS for OS/390 and Version 2.3 of VM/ESA these Unix
Fortunately, most web servers for the mainframe will correctly
translate the C<\n> in the following statement to its ASCII equivalent
-(C<\r> is the same under both Unix and OS/390 & VM/ESA):
+(C<\r> is the same under both Unix and OS/390):
print "Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n";
OS/390 os390 os390
OS400 os400 os400
POSIX-BC posix-bc BS2000-posix-bc
- VM/ESA vmesa vmesa
Some simple tricks for determining if you are running on an EBCDIC
platform could include any of the following (perhaps all):
=item *
-L<perlos390>, F<README.os390>, F<perlbs2000>, F<README.vmesa>,
-L<perlebcdic>.
+L<perlos390>, F<README.os390>, F<perlbs2000>, L<perlebcdic>.
=item *
The Unix emulation library's translation of filenames to native assumes
that this sort of translation is required, and it allows a user-defined list
of known suffixes that it will transpose in this fashion. This may
-seem transparent, but consider that with these rules C<foo/bar/baz.h>
-and C<foo/bar/h/baz> both map to C<foo.bar.h.baz>, and that C<readdir> and
+seem transparent, but consider that with these rules F<foo/bar/baz.h>
+and F<foo/bar/h/baz> both map to F<foo.bar.h.baz>, and that C<readdir> and
C<glob> cannot and do not attempt to emulate the reverse mapping. Other
C<.>'s in filenames are translated to C</>.
=head2 Other perls
Perl has been ported to many platforms that do not fit into any of
-the categories listed above. Some, such as AmigaOS, BeOS, HP MPE/iX,
+the categories listed above. Some, such as AmigaOS, BeOS,
QNX, Plan 9, and VOS, have been well-integrated into the standard
Perl source code kit. You may need to see the F<ports/> directory
on CPAN for information, and possibly binaries, for the likes of:
------------------------------------------
Amiga DOS amigaos m68k-amigos
BeOS beos
- MPE/iX mpeix PA-RISC1.1
See also:
=item *
-HP 300 MPE/iX, F<README.mpeix> and Mark Bixby's web page
-L<http://www.bixby.org/mark/porting.html>
-
-=item *
-
A free perl5-based PERL.NLM for Novell Netware is available in
precompiled binary and source code form from L<http://www.novell.com/>
as well as from CPAN.
=item chroot
-Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<Plan 9>, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)
+Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<Plan 9>, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
=item crypt
=item exec
-Implemented via Spawn. (VM/ESA)
-
Does not automatically flush output handles on some platforms.
(SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX)
+Not supported. (Symbian OS)
+
=item exit
Emulates Unix exit() (which considers C<exit 1> to indicate an error) by
=item fork
-Not implemented. (AmigaOS, S<RISC OS>, VM/ESA, VMS)
+Not implemented. (AmigaOS, S<RISC OS>, VMS)
Emulated using multiple interpreters. See L<perlfork>. (Win32)
=item getpriority
-Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)
+Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
=item getpwnam
=item getpwent
-Not implemented. (Win32, VM/ESA)
+Not implemented. (Win32)
=item getgrent
-Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, VM/ESA)
+Not implemented. (Win32, VMS)
=item gethostbyname
=item endpwent
-Not implemented. (MPE/iX, VM/ESA, Win32)
+Not implemented. (Win32)
=item endgrent
-Not implemented. (MPE/iX, S<RISC OS>, VM/ESA, VMS, Win32)
+Not implemented. (S<RISC OS>, VMS, Win32)
=item endhostent
=item link
-Not implemented. (MPE/iX, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
+Not implemented. (S<RISC OS>, VOS)
Link count not updated because hard links are not quite that hard
(They are sort of half-way between hard and soft links). (AmigaOS)
=item setgrent
-Not implemented. (MPE/iX, VMS, Win32, S<RISC OS>)
+Not implemented. (VMS, Win32, S<RISC OS>)
=item setpgrp
=item setpwent
-Not implemented. (MPE/iX, Win32, S<RISC OS>)
+Not implemented. (Win32, S<RISC OS>)
=item setsockopt
Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
+=item sleep
+
+Emulated using synchronization functions such that it can be
+interrupted by alarm(), and limited to a maximum of 4294967 seconds,
+approximately 49 days. (Win32)
+
=item sockatmark
A relatively recent addition to socket functions, may not
=item socketpair
-Not implemented. (S<RISC OS>, VM/ESA)
+Not implemented. (S<RISC OS>)
Available on OpenVOS Release 17.0 or later. (VOS)
=item syscall
-Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)
+Not implemented. (Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS)
=item sysopen
The traditional "0", "1", and "2" MODEs are implemented with different
numeric values on some systems. The flags exported by C<Fcntl>
(O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR) should work everywhere though. (S<Mac
-OS>, OS/390, VM/ESA)
+OS>, OS/390)
=item system
=item umask
-Returns undef where unavailable, as of version 5.005.
+Returns undef where unavailable.
C<umask> works but the correct permissions are set only when the file
is finally closed. (AmigaOS)
=item FreeBSD
+=item Debian GNU/kFreeBSD
+
=item Haiku
=item Irix (6.5. What else?)
=back
-
=item Symbian (Series 60 v3, 3.2 and 5 - what else?)
=item Stratus VOS / OpenVOS
=head1 SEE ALSO
-L<perlaix>, L<perlamiga>, L<perl
apollo>, L<perlbeos>, L<perlbs2000>,
+L<perlaix>, L<perlamiga>, L<perlbeos>, L<perlbs2000>,
L<perlce>, L<perlcygwin>, L<perldgux>, L<perldos>, L<perlepoc>,
L<perlebcdic>, L<perlfreebsd>, L<perlhurd>, L<perlhpux>, L<perlirix>,
-L<perlmacos>, L<perlmacosx>, L<perlmpeix>,
+L<perlmacos>, L<perlmacosx>,
L<perlnetware>, L<perlos2>, L<perlos390>, L<perlos400>,
L<perlplan9>, L<perlqnx>, L<perlsolaris>, L<perltru64>,
-L<perlunicode>, L<perlvmesa>, L<perlvms>, L<perlvos>,
-L<perlwin32>, and L<Win32>.
+L<perlunicode>, L<perlvms>, L<perlvos>, L<perlwin32>, and L<Win32>.
=head1 AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
Paul J. Schinder <schinder@pobox.com>,
Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com>,
Dan Sugalski <dan@sidhe.org>,
-Nathan Torkington <gnat@frii.com>.
+Nathan Torkington <gnat@frii.com>,
John Malmberg <wb8tyw@qsl.net>
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff