C<FILE*> types may not even be available. See also the C<perlapio>
documentation for more information about the following functions:
- Instead Of: Use:
+ Instead Of: Use:
- stdin PerlIO_stdin()
- stdout PerlIO_stdout()
- stderr PerlIO_stderr()
+ stdin PerlIO_stdin()
+ stdout PerlIO_stdout()
+ stderr PerlIO_stderr()
- fopen(fn, mode) PerlIO_open(fn, mode)
- freopen(fn, mode, stream) PerlIO_reopen(fn, mode, perlio) (Deprecated)
- fflush(stream) PerlIO_flush(perlio)
- fclose(stream) PerlIO_close(perlio)
+ fopen(fn, mode) PerlIO_open(fn, mode)
+ freopen(fn, mode, stream) PerlIO_reopen(fn, mode, perlio) (Dep-
+ recated)
+ fflush(stream) PerlIO_flush(perlio)
+ fclose(stream) PerlIO_close(perlio)
=head2 File Input and Output
- Instead Of: Use:
+ Instead Of: Use:
- fprintf(stream, fmt, ...) PerlIO_printf(perlio, fmt, ...)
+ fprintf(stream, fmt, ...) PerlIO_printf(perlio, fmt, ...)
- [f]getc(stream) PerlIO_getc(perlio)
- [f]putc(stream, n) PerlIO_putc(perlio, n)
- ungetc(n, stream) PerlIO_ungetc(perlio, n)
+ [f]getc(stream) PerlIO_getc(perlio)
+ [f]putc(stream, n) PerlIO_putc(perlio, n)
+ ungetc(n, stream) PerlIO_ungetc(perlio, n)
Note that the PerlIO equivalents of C<fread> and C<fwrite> are slightly
different from their C library counterparts:
- fread(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_read(perlio, buf, numbytes)
- fwrite(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_write(perlio, buf, numbytes)
+ fread(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_read(perlio, buf, numbytes)
+ fwrite(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_write(perlio, buf, numbytes)
- fputs(s, stream) PerlIO_puts(perlio, s)
+ fputs(s, stream) PerlIO_puts(perlio, s)
There is no equivalent to C<fgets>; one should use C<sv_gets> instead:
- fgets(s, n, stream) sv_gets(sv, perlio, append)
+ fgets(s, n, stream) sv_gets(sv, perlio, append)
=head2 File Positioning
- Instead Of: Use:
+ Instead Of: Use:
- feof(stream) PerlIO_eof(perlio)
- fseek(stream, n, whence) PerlIO_seek(perlio, n, whence)
- rewind(stream) PerlIO_rewind(perlio)
+ feof(stream) PerlIO_eof(perlio)
+ fseek(stream, n, whence) PerlIO_seek(perlio, n, whence)
+ rewind(stream) PerlIO_rewind(perlio)
- fgetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_getpos(perlio, sv)
- fsetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_setpos(perlio, sv)
+ fgetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_getpos(perlio, sv)
+ fsetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_setpos(perlio, sv)
- ferror(stream) PerlIO_error(perlio)
- clearerr(stream) PerlIO_clearerr(perlio)
+ ferror(stream) PerlIO_error(perlio)
+ clearerr(stream) PerlIO_clearerr(perlio)
=head2 Memory Management and String Handling
- Instead Of: Use:
+ Instead Of: Use:
- t* p = malloc(n) Newx(id, p, n, t)
- t* p = calloc(n, s) Newxz(id, p, n, t)
- p = realloc(p, n) Renew(p, n, t)
- memcpy(dst, src, n) Copy(src, dst, n, t)
- memmove(dst, src, n) Move(src, dst, n, t)
- memcpy/*(struct foo *) StructCopy(src, dst, t)
- memset(dst, 0, n * sizeof(t)) Zero(dst, n, t)
- memzero(dst, 0) Zero(dst, n, char)
- free(p) Safefree(p)
+ t* p = malloc(n) Newx(p, n, t)
+ t* p = calloc(n, s) Newxz(p, n, t)
+ p = realloc(p, n) Renew(p, n, t)
+ memcpy(dst, src, n) Copy(src, dst, n, t)
+ memmove(dst, src, n) Move(src, dst, n, t)
+ memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(t)) StructCopy(src, dst, t)
+ memset(dst, 0, n * sizeof(t)) Zero(dst, n, t)
+ memzero(dst, 0) Zero(dst, n, char)
+ free(p) Safefree(p)
- strdup(p) savepv(p)
- strndup(p, n) savepvn(p, n) (Hey, strndup doesn't exist!)
+ strdup(p) savepv(p)
+ strndup(p, n) savepvn(p, n) (Hey, strndup doesn't
+ exist!)
- strstr(big, little) instr(big, little)
- strcmp(s1, s2) strLE(s1, s2) / strEQ(s1, s2) / strGT(s1,s2)
- strncmp(s1, s2, n) strnNE(s1, s2, n) / strnEQ(s1, s2, n)
+ strstr(big, little) instr(big, little)
+ strcmp(s1, s2) strLE(s1, s2) / strEQ(s1, s2)
+ / strGT(s1,s2)
+ strncmp(s1, s2, n) strnNE(s1, s2, n) / strnEQ(s1, s2, n)
Notice the different order of arguments to C<Copy> and C<Move> than used
in C<memcpy> and C<memmove>.
Most of the time, though, you'll want to be dealing with SVs internally
instead of raw C<char *> strings:
- strlen(s) sv_len(sv)
- strcpy(dt, src) sv_setpv(sv, s)
- strncpy(dt, src, n) sv_setpvn(sv, s, n)
- strcat(dt, src) sv_catpv(sv, s)
- strncat(dt, src) sv_catpvn(sv, s)
- sprintf(s, fmt, ...) sv_setpvf(sv, fmt, ...)
+ strlen(s) sv_len(sv)
+ strcpy(dt, src) sv_setpv(sv, s)
+ strncpy(dt, src, n) sv_setpvn(sv, s, n)
+ strcat(dt, src) sv_catpv(sv, s)
+ strncat(dt, src) sv_catpvn(sv, s)
+ sprintf(s, fmt, ...) sv_setpvf(sv, fmt, ...)
Note also the existence of C<sv_catpvf> and C<sv_vcatpvfn>, combining
concatenation with formatting.
numbers), and also hopefully surprising enough as integers, so that
any code attempting to use the data without forethought will break
sooner rather than later. Poisoning can be done using the Poison()
-macro, which has similar arguments as Zero():
+macros, which have similar arguments to Zero():
- Poison(dst, n, t)
+ PoisonWith(dst, n, t, b) scribble memory with byte b
+ PoisonNew(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xAB)
+ PoisonFree(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xEF)
+ Poison(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonFree(dst, n, t)
=head2 Character Class Tests
-There are two types of character class tests that Perl implements: one
-type deals in C<char>s and are thus B<not> Unicode aware (and hence
-deprecated unless you B<know> you should use them) and the other type
-deal in C<UV>s and know about Unicode properties. In the following
-table, C<c> is a C<char>, and C<u> is a Unicode codepoint.
-
- Instead Of: Use: But better use:
-
- isalnum(c) isALNUM(c) isALNUM_uni(u)
- isalpha(c) isALPHA(c) isALPHA_uni(u)
- iscntrl(c) isCNTRL(c) isCNTRL_uni(u)
- isdigit(c) isDIGIT(c) isDIGIT_uni(u)
- isgraph(c) isGRAPH(c) isGRAPH_uni(u)
- islower(c) isLOWER(c) isLOWER_uni(u)
- isprint(c) isPRINT(c) isPRINT_uni(u)
- ispunct(c) isPUNCT(c) isPUNCT_uni(u)
- isspace(c) isSPACE(c) isSPACE_uni(u)
- isupper(c) isUPPER(c) isUPPER_uni(u)
- isxdigit(c) isXDIGIT(c) isXDIGIT_uni(u)
-
- tolower(c) toLOWER(c) toLOWER_uni(u)
- toupper(c) toUPPER(c) toUPPER_uni(u)
+There are several types of character class tests that Perl implements.
+The only ones described here are those that directly correspond to C
+library functions that operate on 8-bit characters, but there are
+equivalents that operate on wide characters, and UTF-8 encoded strings.
+All are more fully described in L<perlapi/Character classification> and
+L<perlapi/Character case changing>.
+
+The C library routines listed in the table below return values based on
+the current locale. Use the entries in the final column for that
+functionality. The other two columns always assume a POSIX (or C)
+locale. The entries in the ASCII column are only meaningful for ASCII
+inputs, returning FALSE for anything else. Use these only when you
+B<know> that is what you want. The entries in the Latin1 column assume
+that the non-ASCII 8-bit characters are as Unicode defines, them, the
+same as ISO-8859-1, often called Latin 1.
+
+ Instead Of: Use for ASCII: Use for Latin1: Use for locale:
+
+ isalnum(c) isALPHANUMERIC(c) isALPHANUMERIC_L1(c) isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c)
+ isalpha(c) isALPHA(c) isALPHA_L1(c) isALPHA_LC(u )
+ isascii(c) isASCII(c) isASCII_LC(c)
+ isblank(c) isBLANK(c) isBLANK_L1(c) isBLANK_LC(c)
+ iscntrl(c) isCNTRL(c) isCNTRL_L1(c) isCNTRL_LC(c)
+ isdigit(c) isDIGIT(c) isDIGIT_L1(c) isDIGIT_LC(c)
+ isgraph(c) isGRAPH(c) isGRAPH_L1(c) isGRAPH_LC(c)
+ islower(c) isLOWER(c) isLOWER_L1(c) isLOWER_LC(c)
+ isprint(c) isPRINT(c) isPRINT_L1(c) isPRINT_LC(c)
+ ispunct(c) isPUNCT(c) isPUNCT_L1(c) isPUNCT_LC(c)
+ isspace(c) isSPACE(c) isSPACE_L1(c) isSPACE_LC(c)
+ isupper(c) isUPPER(c) isUPPER_L1(c) isUPPER_LC(c)
+ isxdigit(c) isXDIGIT(c) isXDIGIT_L1(c) isXDIGIT_LC(c)
+
+ tolower(c) toLOWER(c) toLOWER_L1(c) toLOWER_LC(c)
+ toupper(c) toUPPER(c) toUPPER_LC(c)
+
+To emphasize that you are operating only on ASCII characters, you can
+append C<_A> to each of the macros in the ASCII column: C<isALPHA_A>,
+C<isDIGIT_A>, and so on.
+
+(There is no entry in the Latin1 column for C<isascii> even though there
+is an C<isASCII_L1>, which is identical to C<isASCII>; the
+latter name is clearer. There is no entry in the Latin1 column for
+C<toupper> because the result can be non-Latin1. You have to use
+C<toUPPER_uni>, as described in L<perlapi/Character case changing>.)
=head2 F<stdlib.h> functions
- Instead Of: Use:
+ Instead Of: Use:
- atof(s) Atof(s)
- atol(s) Atol(s)
- strtod(s, *p) Nothing. Just don't use it.
- strtol(s, *p, n) Strtol(s, *p, n)
- strtoul(s, *p, n) Strtoul(s, *p, n)
+ atof(s) Atof(s)
+ atol(s) Atol(s)
+ strtod(s, &p) Nothing. Just don't use it.
+ strtol(s, &p, n) Strtol(s, &p, n)
+ strtoul(s, &p, n) Strtoul(s, &p, n)
Notice also the C<grok_bin>, C<grok_hex>, and C<grok_oct> functions in
F<numeric.c> for converting strings representing numbers in the respective
functions are part of the 1989 ANSI C spec we suspect you'll find them
everywhere by now.
- int rand() double Drand01()
- srand(n) { seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)n);
- PL_srand_called = TRUE; }
+ int rand() double Drand01()
+ srand(n) { seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)n);
+ PL_srand_called = TRUE; }
- exit(n) my_exit(n)
- system(s) Don't. Look at pp_system or use my_popen
+ exit(n) my_exit(n)
+ system(s) Don't. Look at pp_system or use my_popen
- getenv(s) PerlEnv_getenv(s)
- setenv(s, val) my_putenv(s, val)
+ getenv(s) PerlEnv_getenv(s)
+ setenv(s, val) my_putenv(s, val)
=head2 Miscellaneous functions
=head1 SEE ALSO
-
C<perlapi>, C<perlapio>, C<perlguts>
+
L<perlapi>, L<perlapio>, L<perlguts>
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff