+=for maintainers
+Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
+
=head1 NAME
perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
-=item attrs
-
-Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
-
=item autouse
Postpone load of modules until a function is used
Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
-=item caller
+=item bytes
-Inherit pragmatic attributes from caller's context
+Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
=item charnames
-Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape.
+Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes.
=item constant
=item diagnostics
-Force verbose warning diagnostics
+Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
+
+=item encoding
+
+Pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into Unicode
=item fields
-Declare a class's attribute fields at compile-time
+Compile-time class fields
=item filetest
-Control the filetest operators like C<-r>, C<-w> for AFS, etc.
+Control the filetest permission operators
=item integer
-Compute arithmetic in integer instead of double
+Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
=item less
-Request less of something from the compiler (unimplemented)
-
-=item lib
-
-Manipulate @INC at compile time
+Request less of something from the compiler
=item locale
-Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
+Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
-=item ops
+=item open
-Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
+Set default disciplines for input and output
=item overload
-Overload Perl operations
-
-=item re
-
-Alter regular expression behavior
+Package for overloading perl operations
=item sigtrap
Enable simple signal handling
+=item sort
+
+Control sort() behaviour
+
=item strict
Restrict unsafe constructs
=item subs
-Predeclare subroutine names
+Predeclare sub names
=item utf8
-Turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support
+Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
=item vars
-Predeclare global variable names (obsoleted by our())
+Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
+
+=item vmsish
+
+Control VMS-specific language features
=item warnings
Control optional warnings
+=item warnings::register
+
+Warnings import function
+
=back
=head2 Standard Modules
=item AnyDBM_File
-Provide framework for multiple DBM libraries
+Provide framework for multiple DBMs
+
+=item Attribute::Handlers
+
+Simpler definition of attribute handlers
=item AutoLoader
Split a package for autoloading
-=item B
-
-Guts of the Perl code generator (aka compiler)
-
-=item B::Asmdata
-
-Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
-
-=item B::Assembler
-
-Assemble Perl bytecode
-
-=item B::Bblock
-
-Walk basic blocks
-
-=item B::Bytecode
-
-Perl compiler's bytecode backend
-
-=item B::C
-
-Perl compiler's C backend
-
-=item B::CC
-
-Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
-
-=item B::Debug
-
-Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
-
-=item B::Deparse
-
-Perl compiler backend to produce Perl code
-
-=item B::Disassembler
-
-Disassemble Perl bytecode
-
-=item B::Lint
-
-Module to catch dubious constructs
-
-=item B::Showlex
-
-Show lexical variables used in functions or files
-
-=item B::Stackobj
-
-Helper module for CC backend
-
-B::Stash -- XXX NFI XXX
-
-=item B::Terse
-
-Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
-
-=item B::Xref
-
-Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
-
=item Benchmark
-Benchmark running times of code
-
-=item ByteLoader
-
-Load byte-compiled Perl code
+Benchmark running times of Perl code
=item CGI
-Simple Common Gateway Interface class
+Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
=item CGI::Apache
-Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
+Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
=item CGI::Carp
=item CGI::Switch
-Try more than one constructors and return the first object available
+Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
+
+=item CGI::Util
+
+Internal utilities used by CGI module
=item CPAN
-Query, download, and build Perl modules from CPAN sites
+Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
=item CPAN::FirstTime
-Utility for CPAN::Config file initialization
+Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
=item CPAN::Nox
=item Carp
-Act like warn/die from perspective of caller
+Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
=item Carp::Heavy
-Carp guts
+No user serviceable parts inside
-=item Class::Struct
+=item Class::ISA
-Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
+Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
-=item Config
+=item Class::Struct
-Access Perl configuration information
+Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
=item Cwd
=item DB
-Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (experimental)
-
-=item DB_File
-
-Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
-
-=item Data::Dumper
-
-Serialize Perl data structures
-
-=item Devel::DProf
-
-A Perl execution profiler
-
-=item Devel::Peek
-
-A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
+Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
=item Devel::SelfStubber
Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
+=item Digest
+
+Modules that calculate message digests
+
=item DirHandle
Supply object methods for directory handles
=item Dumpvalue
-Provide screen dump of Perl data
-
-=item DynaLoader
-
-Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
+Provides screen dump of Perl data.
=item English
-Use English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
+Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
=item Env
-Access environment variables as regular ones
-
-=item Errno
-
-Load the libc errno.h defines
+Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
=item Exporter
-Implement default import method for modules
+Implements default import method for modules
=item Exporter::Heavy
=item ExtUtils::Command
-Utilities to replace common Unix commands in Makefiles etc.
+Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
+
+=item ExtUtils::Constant
+
+Generate XS code to import C header constants
=item ExtUtils::Embed
-Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ programs
+Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
=item ExtUtils::Install
=item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
-Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
+
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
-Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
=item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
-Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
-Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
-ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - Write the C code for perlmain.c
-
=item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
-=item Fcntl
-
-Load the libc fcntl.h defines
-
=item File::Basename
Split a pathname into pieces
=item File::DosGlob
-DOS-like globbing and then some
+DOS like globbing and then some
=item File::Find
-Traverse a file tree
-
-=item File::Glob
-
-Perl extension for BSD filename globbing
+Traverse a file tree
=item File::Path
-Create or remove a series of directories
+Create or remove directory trees
=item File::Spec
Portably perform operations on file names
+=item File::Spec::Cygwin
+
+Methods for Cygwin file specs
+
+=item File::Spec::Epoc
+
+Methods for Epoc file specs
+
=item File::Spec::Functions
Portably perform operations on file names
=item File::Spec::Mac
-File::Spec for MacOS
+File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
=item File::Spec::OS2
=item File::Spec::Unix
-Methods used by File::Spec
+File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
=item File::Spec::VMS
Methods for Win32 file specs
+=item File::Temp
+
+Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
+
=item File::stat
By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
Supply object methods for filehandles
-=item FindBin
+=item Filter::Simple
-Locate installation directory of running Perl program
+Simplified source filtering
-=item GDBM_File
+=item FindBin
-Access to the gdbm library
+Locate directory of original perl script
=item Getopt::Long
=item I18N::Collate
-Compare 8-bit scalar data according to current locale
+Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
-=item IO
+=item I18N::LangTags
-Front-end to load various IO modules
+Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
-=item IO::Dir
+=item I18N::LangTags::List
-Supply object methods for directory handles
+Tags and names for human languages
-=item IO::File
+=item IPC::Open2
-Supply object methods for filehandles
+Open a process for both reading and writing
+
+=item IPC::Open3
+
+Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
+
+=item Locale::Constants
-=item IO::Handle
+Constants for Locale codes
-Supply object methods for I/O handles
+=item Locale::Country
-=item IO::Pipe
+ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
-Supply object methods for pipes
+=item Locale::Currency
-=item IO::Poll
+ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
-Object interface to system poll call
+=item Locale::Language
-=item IO::Seekable
+ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
-Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
+=item Locale::Maketext
-=item IO::Select
+Framework for localization
-OO interface to the select system call
+=item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
-=item IO::Socket
+Article about software localization
-Object interface to socket communications
+=item Math::BigFloat
-=item IO::Socket::INET
+Arbitrary size floating point math package
-Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
+=item Math::BigInt
-=item IO::Socket::UNIX
+Arbitrary size integer math package
-Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
+=item Math::BigInt::Calc
-=item IPC::Msg
+Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
-SysV Msg IPC object class
+=item Math::Complex
-=item IPC::Open2
+Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
-Open a process for both reading and writing
+=item Math::Trig
-=item IPC::Open3
+Trigonometric functions
-Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
+=item Memoize
-=item IPC::Semaphore
+Make your functions faster by trading space for time
-SysV Semaphore IPC object class
+=item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
-=item IPC::SysV
+Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
-SysV IPC constants
+=item Memoize::Expire
-=item Math::BigFloat
+Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
-Arbitrary length float math package
+=item Memoize::ExpireFile
-=item Math::BigInt
+Test for Memoize expiration semantics
-Arbitrary size integer math package
+=item Memoize::ExpireTest
-=item Math::Complex
+Test for Memoize expiration semantics
-Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
+=item Memoize::NDBM_File
-=item Math::Trig
+Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
-Trigonometric functions
+=item Memoize::SDBM_File
+
+Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
+
+=item Memoize::Storable
+
+Store Memoized data in Storable database
+
+=item NEXT
+
+Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
+
+=item Net::Cmd
+
+Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
+
+=item Net::Config
+
+Local configuration data for libnet
+
+=item Net::Domain
+
+Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
+
+=item Net::FTP
+
+FTP Client class
+
+=item Net::NNTP
+
+NNTP Client class
+
+=item Net::Netrc
+
+OO interface to users netrc file
+
+=item Net::POP3
+
+Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
=item Net::Ping
Check a remote host for reachability
+=item Net::SMTP
+
+Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
+
+=item Net::Time
+
+Time and daytime network client interface
+
=item Net::hostent
By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
+=item Net::libnetFAQ
+
+Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
+
=item Net::netent
By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
-=item O
+=item PerlIO
-Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
+On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
-=item Opcode
+=item Pod::Checker
-Disable named opcodes when compiling Perl code
+Check pod documents for syntax errors
-=item POSIX
+=item Pod::Find
-Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
+Find POD documents in directory trees
-=item Pod::Checker
+=item Pod::Functions
-Check pod documents for syntax errors
+Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
=item Pod::Html
=item Pod::InputObjects
-Manage POD objects
+Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
+
+=item Pod::LaTeX
+
+Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
=item Pod::Man
Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
+=item Pod::ParseLink
+
+Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
+
+=item Pod::ParseUtils
+
+Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
+
=item Pod::Parser
Base class for creating POD filters and translators
+=item Pod::Plainer
+
+Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
+
=item Pod::Select
Extract selected sections of POD from input
Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
-=item Pod::Usage
+=item Pod::Text::Overstrike
-Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
+Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
+
+=item Pod::Text::Termcap
-=item SDBM_File
+Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
+
+=item Pod::Usage
-Tied access to sdbm files
+Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
-=item Safe
+=item Pod::t::basic
-Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
+Test of various basic POD features in translators.
=item Search::Dict
=item Shell
-Run shell commands transparently within Perl
+Run shell commands transparently within perl
-=item Socket
+=item Switch
-Load the libc socket.h defines and structure manipulators
+A switch statement for Perl
=item Symbol
Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
-=item Sys::Hostname
-
-Try every conceivable way to get hostname
+=item Term::ANSIColor
-=item Sys::Syslog
-
-Interface to the libc syslog(3) calls
+Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
=item Term::Cap
-Termcap interface
+Perl termcap interface
=item Term::Complete
-Word completion module
+Perl word completion module
=item Term::ReadLine
-Interface to various `readline' packages.
+Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
=item Test
Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
+=item Test::Builder
+
+Backend for building test libraries
+
=item Test::Harness
-Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
+Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
+
+=item Test::More
+
+Yet another framework for writing test scripts
+
+=item Test::Simple
+
+Basic utilities for writing tests.
+
+=item Test::Tutorial
+
+A tutorial about writing really basic tests
=item Text::Abbrev
Create an abbreviation table from a list
+=item Text::Balanced
+
+Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
+
=item Text::ParseWords
-Parse text into a list of tokens or array of arrays
+Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
=item Text::Soundex
-Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as described by Knuth
+Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
+
+=item Text::Tabs
-Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per expand(1) and unexpand(1)
+Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
=item Text::Wrap
Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
+=item Thread
+
+Manipulate threads in Perl
+
=item Tie::Array
Base class for tied arrays
Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
+=item Unicode::Collate
+
+Use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
+
+=item Unicode::UCD
+
+Unicode character database
+
=item User::grent
By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
+=item Win32
+
+Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
+
=back
To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
-those without documentation or outside the standard release,
-jus tdo this:
+those without documentation or outside the standard release,
+just do this:
% find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
-but may also be be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
+but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
-guides, tricks and trap, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
+guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
-CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at
-http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl .
+CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/.
Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
=over
=item *
+
Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
=item *
+
Development Support
=item *
+
Operating System Interfaces
=item *
+
Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
=item *
+
Data Types and Data Type Utilities
=item *
+
Database Interfaces
=item *
+
User Interfaces
=item *
+
Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
=item *
+
File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
=item *
+
String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
=item *
+
Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
=item *
+
Internationalization and Locale
=item *
+
Authentication, Security, and Encryption
=item *
+
World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
=item *
+
Server and Daemon Utilities
=item *
+
Archiving and Compression
=item *
+
Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
=item *
+
Mail and Usenet News
=item *
+
Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
=item *
+
File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
=item *
+
Miscellaneous Modules
=back
Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
You should try to choose one close to you:
-=over
-
-=item Africa
-
- South Africa ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
-
-=item Asia
-
- China ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Hong Kong ftp://ftp.hkstar.com/pub/CPAN/
- Israel ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
- Japan ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.lab.kdd.co.jp/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
- Singapore ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/
- South Korea ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
- Taiwan ftp://ftp.wownet.net/pub2/PERL/
- ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
- Thailand ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
-
-=item Australasia
-
- Australia ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.labyrinth.net.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.sage-au.org.au/pub/compilers/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
- New Zealand ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.net.nz/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
-
-Central America
-
- Costa Rica ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
-
-=item Europe
-
- Austria ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Belgium ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
- Bulgaria ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- Croatia ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
- Czech Republic ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
- ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/Languages/Perl/CPAN/
- Denmark ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Estonia ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Finland ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- France ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
- Germany ftp://ftp.archive.de.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.gmd.de/packages/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Greece ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
- Hungary ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
- Ireland ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
- Italy ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
- Netherlands ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.EU.net/packages/cpan/
- ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Norway ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
- ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Poland ftp://ftp.man.szczecin.pl/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
- Portugal ftp://ftp.ci.uminho.pt/pub/mirrors/cpan/
- ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
- Romania ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/mirrors/perl-cpan/
- ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
- Russia ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Slovakia ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Slovenia ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
- Spain ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
- ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
- Sweden ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Switzerland ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
- Turkey ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
- United Kingdom ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
- ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/perl-CPAN/
-
-=item North America
-
- Alberta ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
- California ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
- Colorado ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Florida ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Illinois ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Indiana ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Manitoba ftp://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
- Massachusetts ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
- Mexico ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
- Minnesota ftp://ftp.midearthbbs.com/CPAN/
- New York ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
- North Carolina ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
- Oklahoma ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
- Ontario ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Oregon ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/
- Pennsylvania ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
- Texas ftp://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- Utah ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
- Virginia ftp://ftp.perl.org/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
- Washington ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/
-
-=item South America
-
- Brazil ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/
- Chile ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/Lang/perl/CPAN/
-
-=back
+=head2 Africa
-For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
-see http://www.perl.com/perl/CPAN or ftp://www.perl.com/perl/ .
+=over 4
-=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+=item *
-(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
-file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
+South Africa
-Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
-package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
-namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
-used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
-first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
-or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
+ ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.mweb.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
-A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
-name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
-called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
-its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
-totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
-might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
-demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
-exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
-the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
+=back
-=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
+=head2 Asia
=over 4
-=item Do similar modules already exist in some form?
+=item *
-If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
-by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
-practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
-extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
-A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
-with command line options.
+China
-If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
-modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
-helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
-scheme as the original author.
+ ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
+ http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
+ ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.shellhung.org/
+ ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
-=item Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
+=item *
-Always use B<-w>.
+India
-Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
-into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
-e.g.,:
+ http://cpan.in.freeos.com
+ ftp://cpan.in.freeos.com/pub/CPAN/
- sub new {
- my $class = shift;
- return bless {}, $class;
- }
+=item *
-or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
-or a virtual method.
+Indonesia
- sub new {
- my $self = shift;
- my $class = ref($self) || $self;
- return bless {}, $class;
- }
+ http://cpan.itb.web.id/
+ ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
+ http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
+ ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
-Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
-(it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
-appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
-Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
+=item *
-Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
-Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
-Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
-class names as far as possible.
+Israel
-Avoid C<$r-E<gt>Class::func()> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
-C<$r-E<gt>func()> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
+ http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
+ http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Japan
+
+ ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
+ ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
+ ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Korea
+
+ http://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
+
+=item *
+
+Philippines
+
+ http://www.adzu.edu.ph/CPAN
+
+=item *
+
+Russian Federation
+
+ http://cpan.tomsk.ru
+ ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN
+
+=item *
+
+Saudi Arabia
+
+ ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Singapore
+
+ http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
+
+=item *
+
+South Korea
+
+ http://CPAN.bora.net/
+ ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Taiwan
+
+ ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Thailand
+
+ http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Central America
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Costa Rica
+
+ ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Europe
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Austria
+
+ ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Belgium
+
+ http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.skynet.be
+ ftp://ftp.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Bulgaria
+
+ ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Croatia
+
+ ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Czech Republic
+
+ http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Denmark
+
+ http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
+ ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
+ http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
+ ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+England
+
+ http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.crazygreek.co.uk
+ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Estonia
+
+ ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Finland
+
+ ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.kpnqwest.fi/
+
+=item *
+
+France
+
+ ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
+ ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
+ ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://fr.cpan.org/
+ ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.cict.fr/
+ ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Germany
+
+ ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.noris.de/
+ ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Greece
+
+ ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
+
+=item *
+
+Hungary
+
+ http://cpan.artifact.hu/
+ ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Iceland
+
+ http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Ireland
+
+ http://cpan.indigo.ie/
+ ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
+ http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
+ ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
+
+=item *
+
+Italy
+
+ http://cpan.nettuno.it/
+ http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
+ ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
+ http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
+ ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
+ ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
+ ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Latvia
+
+ http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Lithuania
+
+ ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Netherlands
+
+ ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
+ ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
+ http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Norway
+
+ ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
+
+=item *
+
+Poland
+
+ ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ http://www.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
+ ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Portugal
+
+ ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.ip.pt/
+ ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/perl/
+ ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.ip.pt/
+ ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.up.pt/pub/CPAN
+
+=item *
+
+Romania
+
+ ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Russia
+
+ ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.rinet.ru/
+ ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
+ ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Slovakia
+
+ ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Slovenia
+
+ ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Spain
+
+ ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
+
+=item *
+
+Sweden
+
+ http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Switzerland
+
+ ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Turkey
+
+ ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Ukraine
+
+ http://cpan.org.ua/
+ ftp://cpan.org.ua/
+ ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 North America
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Canada
+
+=over 8
+
+=item *
+
+Alberta
+
+ http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Manitoba
+
+ http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Nova Scotia
+
+ ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Ontario
+
+ ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Quebec
+
+ http://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/
+ ftp://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/pub/CPAN
+
+=back
+
+=item *
+
+Mexico
+
+ http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
+ ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
+ http://cpan.unam.mx/
+ ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
+ http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+United States
+
+=over 8
+
+=item *
+
+Alabama
+
+ http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+California
+
+ http://www.cpan.org/
+ ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
+ http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
+ ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
+ http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
+ ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
+ http://cpan.digisle.net/
+ ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
+ http://www.linuxjar.com/CPAN
+ ftp://linuxjar.com/pub/CPAN
+ http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
+ http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Colorado
+
+ ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+District of Columbia
+
+ ftp://ftp.dc.us.telia.net/pub/cpan/
+
+=item *
+
+Florida
+
+ ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Illinois
+
+ http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
+ ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
+
+=item *
+
+Indiana
+
+ ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.nitco.com/
+ ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
+ http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
+ ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
+ ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
+ http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
+
+=item *
+
+Kentucky
+
+ http://cpan.uky.edu/
+ ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Massachusetts
+
+ ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.mirrors.netnumina.com/
+ ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Michigan
+
+ ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
+
+=item *
+
+New Jersey
+
+ ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+New York
+
+ ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
+ ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
+ ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+North Carolina
+
+ ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
+
+=item *
+
+Ohio
+
+ ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Oklahoma
+
+ ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Oregon
+
+ ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
+
+=item *
+
+Pennsylvania
+
+ http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
+ http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Tennessee
+
+ ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Texas
+
+ http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Utah
+
+ ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Virginia
+
+ http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+ http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Washington
+
+ http://cpan.llarian.net/
+ ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
+ ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Oceania
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Australia
+
+ http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+New Zealand
+ ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 South America
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Argentina
+
+ ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Brazil
+
+ ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item *
+
+Chile
+
+ ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
+
+=back
+
+
+For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
+see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
+
+=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
+
+(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
+file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
+
+Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
+package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
+namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
+used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
+first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
+or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
+
+A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
+name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
+called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
+its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
+totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
+might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
+demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
+exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
+the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
+
+=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+Do similar modules already exist in some form?
+
+If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
+by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
+practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
+extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
+A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
+with command line options.
+
+If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
+modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
+helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
+scheme as the original author.
+
+=item *
+
+Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
+
+Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
+Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
+of code that need less warnings.
+
+Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
+into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
+e.g.,:
+
+ sub new {
+ my $class = shift;
+ return bless {}, $class;
+ }
+
+or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
+or a virtual method.
+
+ sub new {
+ my $self = shift;
+ my $class = ref($self) || $self;
+ return bless {}, $class;
+ }
+
+Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
+(it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
+appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
+Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
+
+Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
+Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
+Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
+class names as far as possible.
+
+Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
+C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
information in objects.
-Always use B<-w>.
+Always use B<-w>.
Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
-of code that need less strictness.
+of code that need less strictness.
-Always use B<-w>.
+Always use B<-w>.
Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
Always use B<-w>.
-=item Some simple style guidelines
+=item *
+
+Some simple style guidelines
The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
$no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
-e.g., C<$obj-E<gt>as_string()>.
+e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
-=item Select what to export.
+=item *
+
+Select what to export.
Do NOT export method names!
short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
-module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<$blessed_ref-E<gt>method>)
+module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
@EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
-=item Select a name for the module.
+=item *
+
+Select a name for the module.
This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
those modules.
+If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
+that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
+that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
+can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
+using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
+
To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
-=item Have you got it right?
+=item *
+
+Have you got it right?
How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
-=item README and other Additional Files.
+=item *
+
+README and other Additional Files.
It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
=over 10
=item *
+
A description of the module/package/extension etc.
=item *
+
A copyright notice - see below.
=item *
+
Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
=item *
+
How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
=item *
+
How to install it.
=item *
+
Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
=item *
+
Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
=back
=over 4
-=item Adding a Copyright Notice.
+=item *
+
+Adding a Copyright Notice.
How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
-=item Give the module a version/issue/release number.
+=item *
+
+Give the module a version/issue/release number.
To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
should store your module's version number in a non-my package
releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
-=item How to release and distribute a module.
+=item *
+
+How to release and distribute a module.
It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
distribution.
-If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
+If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
include details of its location in your announcement.
Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
-Follow the instructions and links on
+Follow the instructions and links on:
- http://franz.ww.tu-berlin.de/modulelist
+ http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
+ http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
or upload to one of these sites:
- ftp://franz.ww.tu-berlin.de/incoming
- ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/incoming
+ https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
+ http://pause.perl.org/pause/
-and notify <F<upload@franz.ww.tu-berlin.de>>.
+and notify <modules@perl.org>.
By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
-=item Take care when changing a released module.
+=item *
+
+Take care when changing a released module.
Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
=over 4
-=item There is no requirement to convert anything.
+=item *
+
+There is no requirement to convert anything.
If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
-=item Consider the implications.
+=item *
+
+Consider the implications.
All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
-=item Make the most of the opportunity.
+=item *
+
+Make the most of the opportunity.
If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
-=item The pl2pm utility will get you started.
+=item *
+
+The pl2pm utility will get you started.
This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
=over 10
=item *
+
Adds the standard Module prologue lines
=item *
+
Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
=item *
+
Converts die(...) to croak(...)
=item *
+
Several other minor changes
=back
=over 4
-=item Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
+=item *
+
+Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
+
+=item *
-=item Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
+Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
to reuse.
-=item Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
+=item *
+
+Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
+
+=item *
+
+Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
-=item Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
+=item *
-=item In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
+In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
the application could invoked as:
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff