Forbid the -C option on the command-line

[perl5.git] / pod / perldiag.pod

diff --git a/pod/perldiag.pod b/pod/perldiag.pod
index 10b77c9..c6354cc 100644 (file)
--- a/pod/perldiag.pod
+++ b/pod/perldiag.pod
@@ -44,14 +44,6 @@ letter.
 
 =over 4
 
 
 =over 4
 

-=item A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
-
-(W) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
-thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
-Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
-created threads by joining them, and only then exit from then main
-thread.  See L<threads>.
-

 =item accept() on closed socket %s
 
 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket.  Did you forget
 =item accept() on closed socket %s
 
 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket.  Did you forget


@@ -62,10 +54,10 @@ L<perlfunc/accept>.
 
 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
 
 
 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
 

-=item '!' allowed only after types %s
+=item '%c' allowed only after types %s

 
 

-(F) The '!' is allowed in pack() and unpack() only after certain types.
-See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only
+after certain types.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.

 
 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
 
 
 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
 


@@ -171,6 +163,15 @@ error.
 that expected a numeric value instead.  If you're fortunate the message
 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
 
 that expected a numeric value instead.  If you're fortunate the message
 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
 

+=item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
+
+(W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
+forgot the ) that closes the argument list.  (Layers take care of transforming
+data between external and internal representations.)  Perl stopped parsing
+the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
+If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
+the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
+

 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
 
 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
 
 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some


@@ -190,27 +191,19 @@ spots.  This is now heavily deprecated.
 must either both be scalars or both be lists.  Otherwise Perl won't
 know which context to supply to the right side.
 
 must either both be scalars or both be lists.  Otherwise Perl won't
 know which context to supply to the right side.
 

+=item A thread exited while %d threads were running
+
+(W) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
+thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
+Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
+created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
+thread.  See L<threads>.
+

 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
 
 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
 
 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
 
 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
 

-=item Attempt to clear a restricted hash
-
-(F) It is currently not allowed to clear a restricted hash, even if the
-new hash would contain the same keys as before.  This may change in
-the future.
-
-=item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
-
-(F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
-declared readonly from a restricted hash.
-
-=item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
-
-(F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
-which is not in its key set.
-

 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
 
 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
 
 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be


@@ -229,6 +222,16 @@ example by:
 
     bless $self, "$proto";
 
 
     bless $self, "$proto";
 

+=item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
+
+(F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
+which is not in its key set.
+
+=item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
+
+(F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
+declared readonly from a restricted hash.
+

 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
 
 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
 
 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas


@@ -318,12 +321,6 @@ which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
 
 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
 
 
 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
 

-=item Bad index while coercing array into hash
-
-(F) The index looked up in the hash found as the 0'th element of a
-pseudo-hash is not legal.  Index values must be at 1 or greater.
-See L<perlref>.
-

 =item Badly placed ()'s
 
 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
 =item Badly placed ()'s
 
 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead


@@ -440,11 +437,6 @@ Check you control flow and number of arguments.
 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
 copyable.
 
 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
 copyable.
 

-=item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
-
-(F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
-which provides a race condition that breaks security.
-

 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
 
 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS.  While Perl was preparing to
 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
 
 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS.  While Perl was preparing to


@@ -467,11 +459,23 @@ checking.  Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
 the warning.  See L<perlsub>.
 
 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
 the warning.  See L<perlsub>.
 

-=item / cannot take a count
+=item Cannot compress integer in pack

 
 

-(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
-you have also specified an explicit size for the string.  See
-L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress.  The BER
+compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
+attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
+=item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
+
+(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative.  The BER compressed integer
+format can only be used with positive integers.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
+=item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
+
+(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer.  The BER compressed
+integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
+to compress something else.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.

 
 =item Can't bless non-reference value
 
 
 =item Can't bless non-reference value
 


@@ -626,6 +630,13 @@ waitpid() without flags is emulated.
 point.  For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
 line.
 
 point.  For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
 line.
 

+=item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
+
+(F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian,
+or it has a very strange pointer size.  Packing and unpacking big- or
+little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
 
 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
 
 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the


@@ -675,6 +686,15 @@ found in the PATH.
 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.  The
 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
 
 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.  The
 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
 

+=item Can't find %s property definition %s
+
+(F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
+example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters).  If you did mean to use a
+Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
+If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
+by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
+possible C<\E>).
+

 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
 
 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines.  This message means
 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
 
 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines.  This message means


@@ -687,15 +707,6 @@ If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
 
 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
 

-=item Can't find %s property definition %s
-
-(F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property for
-example \p{Lu} is all uppercase letters.  if you did mean to use a
-Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
-If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
-C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
-possible C<\E>).
-

 =item Can't fork
 
 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
 =item Can't fork
 
 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a


@@ -773,6 +784,16 @@ usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once.  See
 L<perlfunc/last>.
 
 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once.  See
 L<perlfunc/last>.
 

+=item Can't load '%s' for module %s
+
+(F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This
+may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is
+incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen
+between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic
+extension was built against an older version of the library that is
+installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic
+extensions.
+

 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
 
 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
 
 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a


@@ -780,13 +801,6 @@ lexical variable using "my".  This is not allowed.  If you want to
 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
 package name.
 
 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
 package name.
 

-=item Can't localize pseudo-hash element
-
-(F) You said something like C<< local $ar->{'key'} >>, where $ar is a
-reference to a pseudo-hash.  That hasn't been implemented yet, but you
-can get a similar effect by localizing the corresponding array element
-directly -- C<< local $ar->[$ar->[0]{'key'}] >>.
-

 =item Can't localize through a reference
 
 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
 =item Can't localize through a reference
 
 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently


@@ -811,28 +825,28 @@ autoload, but there is no function to autoload.  Most probable causes
 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
 
 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
 

+=item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
+
+(F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like
+for example, C<foo.so> or C<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was
+unable to locate this library.  See L<DynaLoader>.
+

 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
 
 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
 method, nor does any of its base classes.  See L<perlobj>.
 
 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
 
 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
 method, nor does any of its base classes.  See L<perlobj>.
 

-=item Can't locate PerlIO%s
-
-(F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
-e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
-
-=item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
-
-(F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
-"Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"".  It often means
-that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
-

 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
 
 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
 doesn't seem to exist.
 
 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
 
 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
 doesn't seem to exist.
 

+=item Can't locate PerlIO%s
+
+(F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
+e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
+

 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
 
 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
 
 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably


@@ -916,10 +930,14 @@ the command line for writing.
 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
 for stdout.
 
 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
 for stdout.
 

-=item Can't open perl script%s: %s
+=item Can't open perl script%s

 
 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
 
 
 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
 

+If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the
+shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so
+you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>.
+

 =item Can't read CRTL environ
 
 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
 =item Can't read CRTL environ
 
 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl tried to read an element of %ENV


@@ -977,6 +995,11 @@ suidperl.
 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.  This
 is not allowed.
 
 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.  This
 is not allowed.
 

+=item Can't return outside a subroutine
+
+(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
+there was no subroutine call to return out of.  See L<perlsub>.
+

 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
 
 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,
 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
 
 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,


@@ -985,11 +1008,6 @@ to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around
 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
 list context.
 
 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
 list context.
 

-=item Can't return outside a subroutine
-
-(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
-there was no subroutine call to return out of.  See L<perlsub>.
-

 =item Can't stat script "%s"
 
 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
 =item Can't stat script "%s"
 
 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it


@@ -1037,17 +1055,17 @@ indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
 upgradability.  Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the code
 calling sv_upgrade.
 
 upgradability.  Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the code
 calling sv_upgrade.
 

-=item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
-
-(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
-be a defined value.  This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
-

 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
 
 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
 

-(P) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
+(F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol

 table that doesn't have a name.  Symbol tables can become anonymous
 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
 
 table that doesn't have a name.  Symbol tables can become anonymous
 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
 

+=item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
+
+(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
+be a defined value.  This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
+

 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
 
 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".  Symbolic
 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
 
 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".  Symbolic


@@ -1059,6 +1077,12 @@ references are disallowed.  See L<perlref>.
 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
 
 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
 

+=item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
+
+(F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian
+byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
+allowed.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
 
 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
 
 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a


@@ -1072,6 +1096,13 @@ is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
 weren't.
 
 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
 weren't.
 

+=item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
+
+(F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type
+that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.
+For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that
+is inside a big-endian group.
+

 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
 
 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
 
 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.


@@ -1117,7 +1148,7 @@ references can be weakened.
 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
 
 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
 

-=item Character in "C" format wrapped
+=item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack

 
 (W pack) You said
 
 
 (W pack) You said
 


@@ -1132,7 +1163,19 @@ and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
 instead.
 
 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
 instead.
 

-=item Character in "c" format wrapped
+=item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
+
+(W pack) You said
+
+    pack("U0W", $x)
+
+where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode expects
+all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved as if you
+meant:
+
+    pack("U0W", $x & 255)
+
+=item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack

 
 (W pack) You said
 
 
 (W pack) You said
 


@@ -1147,10 +1190,51 @@ and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
 instead.
 
 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
 instead.
 

+=item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
+
+(W unpack) You tried something like
+
+   unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
+
+where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value 
+below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the value
+modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
+
+   unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
+
+=item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
+
+(W pack) You tried something like
+
+   pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
+
+where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a 
+value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl 
+uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
+
+   pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
+
+=item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
+
+(W unpack) You tried something like
+
+   unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
+
+where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a 
+value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl 
+uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
+
+   unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
+

 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
 
 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
 
 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
 
 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
 

+=item Code missing after '/'
+
+(F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
+template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item %s: Command not found
 
 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
 =item %s: Command not found
 
 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.


@@ -1185,7 +1269,6 @@ first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
 lock.
 
 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
 lock.
 

-

 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
 
 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
 
 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call


@@ -1254,16 +1337,11 @@ valid magic number.
 
 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
 
 
 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
 

-=item C<-p> destination: %s
-
-(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
-command-line switch.  (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
-redirected it with select().)
-
-=item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
+=item Count after length/code in unpack

 
 

-(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
-know about your kind of stdio.  You'll have to use a filename instead.
+(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
+you have also specified an explicit size for the string.  See
+L<perlfunc/pack>.

 
 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
 
 
 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
 


@@ -1295,6 +1373,28 @@ there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>.
 long for Perl to handle.  You have to be seriously twisted to write code
 that triggers this error.
 
 long for Perl to handle.  You have to be seriously twisted to write code
 that triggers this error.
 

+=item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
+
+(D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>.
+There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable
+not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
+conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of
+static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people
+relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by
+declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
+    
+    sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
+
+becomes
+
+    { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
+
+=item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
+
+(F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is
+just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than
+to create a dangling reference.
+

 =item Did not produce a valid header
 
 See Server error.
 =item Did not produce a valid header
 
 See Server error.


@@ -1337,6 +1437,11 @@ See Server error.
 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
 define a C<$VERSION.>
 
 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
 define a C<$VERSION.>
 

+=item '/' does not take a repeat count
+
+(F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
 
 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
 
 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.


@@ -1347,8 +1452,8 @@ define a C<$VERSION.>
 
 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
 
 
 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
 

-(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
-found where operator expected".  It often means a subroutine or module
+(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
+"%s found where operator expected".  It often means a subroutine or module

 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet.  This may be
 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement.  If you're referencing
 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet.  This may be
 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement.  If you're referencing


@@ -1366,10 +1471,15 @@ qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>.  Maybe it's a typo.  See L<perlfunc/dump>.
 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
 already been freed.
 
 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
 already been freed.
 

+=item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
+
+(W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type
+in a pack template.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item elseif should be elsif
 
 =item elseif should be elsif
 

-(S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's ugly.
-Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
+(S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
+ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named

 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block.  This is
 unlikely to be what you want.
 
 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block.  This is
 unlikely to be what you want.
 


@@ -1384,6 +1494,12 @@ a regular expression without specifying the property name.
 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
 effective uids or gids failed.
 
 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
 effective uids or gids failed.
 

+=item %ENV is aliased to %s
+
+(F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been
+aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the
+program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
+

 =item Error converting file specification %s
 
 (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Because Perl may have to deal with file
 =item Error converting file specification %s
 
 (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Because Perl may have to deal with file


@@ -1492,19 +1608,39 @@ you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl().  What is this, a
 PDP-11 or something?
 
 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl().  What is this, a
 PDP-11 or something?
 

+=item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
+
+(W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator
+which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for
+a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified
+C<u63> as format.
+

 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
 
 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
 

-(W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle.  If you intended it
-to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or "+>"
-or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.  If you intended only to write
-the file, use ">" or ">>".  See L<perlfunc/open>.
+(W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle.  If you intended
+it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
+"+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.  If you intended only to
+write the file, use ">" or ">>".  See L<perlfunc/open>.

 
 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
 
 
 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
 

-(W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing.  If
+(W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If

 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.  If you
 intended only to read from the file, use "<".  See L<perlfunc/open>.
 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.  If you
 intended only to read from the file, use "<".  See L<perlfunc/open>.

+Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0
+(also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).
+
+=item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
+
+(W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
+as STDOUT or STDERR. This occured because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
+previously.
+
+=item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
+
+(W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
+as STDIN. This occured because you closed STDIN previously.

 
 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
 
 
 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
 


@@ -1513,13 +1649,6 @@ a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
 happens to be missing.  So you have to put either the backslash or the
 name.
 
 happens to be missing.  So you have to put either the backslash or the
 name.
 

-=item Final @ should be \@ or @name
-
-(F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string was meant to be
-a literal "at" sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
-happens to be missing.  So you have to put either the backslash or the
-name.
-

 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
 
 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
 
 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed


@@ -1527,14 +1656,6 @@ some time before now.  Check your control flow.  flock() operates on
 filehandles.  Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
 same name?
 
 filehandles.  Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
 same name?
 

-=item Quantifier follows nothing in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
-meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
-where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
-

 =item Format not terminated
 
 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.  Perl got
 =item Format not terminated
 
 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.  Perl got


@@ -1563,8 +1684,8 @@ when you meant
 
 =item %s found where operator expected
 
 
 =item %s found where operator expected
 

-(S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.  If it
-sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
+(S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
+If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an

 operator, it gives you this warning.  Usually it indicates that an
 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
 
 operator, it gives you this warning.  Usually it indicates that an
 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
 


@@ -1632,10 +1753,11 @@ version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
 unspecified destination.  See L<perlfunc/goto>.
 
 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
 unspecified destination.  See L<perlfunc/goto>.
 

-=item %s-group starts with a count
+=item ()-group starts with a count

 
 

-(F) In pack/unpack a ()-group started with a count.  A count is
+(F) A ()-group started with a count.  A count is

 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.
 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.

+ See L<perlfunc/pack>.

 
 =item %s had compilation errors
 
 
 =item %s had compilation errors
 


@@ -1693,6 +1815,15 @@ to your Perl administrator.
 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration.  Legal
 characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.
 
 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration.  Legal
 characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.
 

+=item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
+
+(F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
+you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
+
+=item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
+
+(F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>.
+

 =item Illegal division by zero
 
 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0.  Either something was wrong in
 =item Illegal division by zero
 
 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0.  Either something was wrong in


@@ -1742,6 +1873,11 @@ name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
 ignored.
 
 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
 ignored.
 

+=item Impossible to activate assertion call
+
+(W assertions) You're calling an assertion function in a block that is
+not under the control of the C<assertions> pragma.
+

 =item (in cleanup) %s
 
 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
 =item (in cleanup) %s
 
 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised


@@ -1773,15 +1909,16 @@ L<perlsec> for more information.
 
 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
 
 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by

-the world.  See L<perlsec>.
+the world.  Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory.
+See L<perlsec>.

 
 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
 
 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
 
 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
 
 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,

-C<$ENV{ENV}> or C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> are derived from data supplied (or
-potentially supplied) by the user.  The script must set the path to a
-known value, using trustworthy data.  See L<perlsec>.
+C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data
+supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user.  The script must set
+the path to a known value, using trustworthy data.  See L<perlsec>.

 
 =item Integer overflow in %s number
 
 
 =item Integer overflow in %s number
 


@@ -1795,6 +1932,15 @@ transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
 operations.
 
 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
 operations.
 

+=item Integer overflow in version
+
+(F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
+size of integers for your architecture.  This is not a warning
+because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
+element larger than typically 2**32.  This is usually caused by
+trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
+100/9.
+

 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
 
 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
 
 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.


@@ -1846,7 +1992,7 @@ C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only
 up to C<ff>.  The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
 problem was discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 
 up to C<ff>.  The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
 problem was discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 

-=item Invalid [] range "%s" in transliteration operator
+=item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator

 
 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
 character greater than the maximum character.  See L<perlop>.
 
 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
 character greater than the maximum character.  See L<perlop>.


@@ -1858,19 +2004,31 @@ elements of an attribute list.  If the previous attribute had a
 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
 See L<attributes>.
 
 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
 See L<attributes>.
 

-=item Invalid type in pack: '%s'
+=item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s

 
 

-(F) The given character is not a valid pack type.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-(W pack) The given character is not a valid pack type but used to be
-silently ignored.
+(W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
+colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
+If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
+list was terminated too soon.

 
 

-=item Invalid type in unpack: '%s'
+=item Invalid type '%s' in %s

 
 

-(F) The given character is not a valid unpack type.  See
-L<perlfunc/unpack>.
-(W unpack) The given character is not a valid unpack type but used to be
+(F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be

 silently ignored.
 
 silently ignored.
 

+=item Invalid version format (multiple underscores)
+
+(F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals
+that the version is a beta release.  See L<version> for the allowed
+version formats.
+
+=item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)
+
+(F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore.
+See L<version> for the allowed version formats.
+

 =item ioctl is not implemented
 
 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
 =item ioctl is not implemented
 
 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty


@@ -1881,11 +2039,23 @@ strange for a machine that supports C.
 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
 
 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
 

+=item IO layers (like "%s") unavailable
+
+(F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
+you cannot use IO layers.  To have PerlIO Perl must be configured
+with 'useperlio'.
+

 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
 
 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
 
 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
 
 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
 

+=item $* is no longer supported
+
+(D deprecated) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has
+been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. You should use the
+C<//m> and C<//s> regexp modifiers instead.
+

 =item `%s' is not a code reference
 
 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
 =item `%s' is not a code reference
 
 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant


@@ -1924,12 +2094,24 @@ L<perlfunc/last>.
 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
 effective uids or gids failed.
 
 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
 effective uids or gids failed.
 

+=item length/code after end of string in unpack
+
+(F) While unpacking, the string buffer was alread used up when an unpack
+length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
+an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item listen() on closed socket %s
 
 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket.  Did you forget
 to check the return value of your socket() call?  See
 L<perlfunc/listen>.
 
 =item listen() on closed socket %s
 
 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket.  Did you forget
 to check the return value of your socket() call?  See
 L<perlfunc/listen>.
 

+=item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
+handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <-- HERE
+shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
+

 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
 
 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle.  What did you mean
 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
 
 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle.  What did you mean


@@ -1942,13 +2124,15 @@ instead on the filehandle.)
 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context.  See
 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
 
 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context.  See
 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
 

-=item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex;
+=item Malformed integer in [] in  pack

 
 

-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+(F) Between the  brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
+are permitted.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.

 
 

-(F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
-handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <-- HERE
-shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
+=item Malformed integer in [] in unpack
+
+(F) Between the  brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
+are permitted.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.

 
 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
 
 
 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
 


@@ -1973,7 +2157,7 @@ when the function is called.
 
 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
 
 
 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
 

-Perl detected something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding rules.
+(W utf8) Perl detected something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding rules.

 
 One possible cause is that you read in data that you thought to be in
 UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 8-bit data).  Another
 
 One possible cause is that you read in data that you thought to be in
 UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 8-bit data).  Another


@@ -1984,9 +2168,22 @@ possibility is careless use of utf8::upgrade().
 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
 
 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
 

-=item %s matches null string many times in regex;
+=item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
+
+(F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
+rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
+
+=item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack

 
 

-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+(F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
+rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
+
+=item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
+
+(F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
+rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
+
+=item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that.  The <-- HERE
 
 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that.  The <-- HERE


@@ -1999,7 +2196,7 @@ See L<perlre>.
 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
 "use" or "my".
 
 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
 "use" or "my".
 

-=item % may only be used in unpack
+=item % may not be used in pack

 
 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
 
 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.


@@ -2025,6 +2222,11 @@ ended earlier on the current line.
 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
 separate two digits.
 
 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
 separate two digits.
 

+=item Missing argument to -%c
+
+(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
+immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
+

 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
 
 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
 
 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within


@@ -2041,6 +2243,11 @@ double-quotish context.
 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
 blank.
 
 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
 blank.
 

+=item Missing control char name in \c
+
+(F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control
+character name.
+

 =item Missing name in "my sub"
 
 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
 =item Missing name in "my sub"
 
 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that


@@ -2054,8 +2261,8 @@ can vary from one line to the next.
 
 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
 
 
 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
 

-(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
-found where operator expected".  Often the missing operator is a comma.
+(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
+"%s found where operator expected".  Often the missing operator is a comma.

 
 =item Missing right brace on %s
 
 
 =item Missing right brace on %s
 


@@ -2069,8 +2276,8 @@ were last editing.
 
 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
 
 
 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
 

-(S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
-found where operator expected".  Don't automatically put a semicolon on
+(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
+"%s found where operator expected".  Don't automatically put a semicolon on

 the previous line just because you saw this message.
 
 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
 the previous line just because you saw this message.
 
 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted


@@ -2129,22 +2336,11 @@ See L<perlfunc/open> for details.
 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
 
 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
 

-=item / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*
-
-(F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length string,
-Currently the only things that can have their length counted are a*, A*
-or Z*.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-
-=item / must be followed by a, A or Z
-
-(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, which
-must be followed by one of the letters a, A or Z to indicate what sort
-of string is to be unpacked.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+=item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack

 
 

-=item / must follow a numeric type
-
-(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '#', but this did not
-follow some numeric unpack specification.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
+follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
+See L<perlfunc/pack>.

 
 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
 
 
 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
 


@@ -2164,6 +2360,16 @@ If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
 again somehow to suppress the message.  The C<our> declaration is
 provided for this purpose.
 
 again somehow to suppress the message.  The C<our> declaration is
 provided for this purpose.
 

+NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,
+%c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
+the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it
+will not trigger this warning.
+
+=item Negative '/' count in unpack
+
+(F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
+negative.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item Negative length
 
 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
 =item Negative length
 
 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer


@@ -2195,10 +2401,6 @@ setgid script to even be allowed to attempt.  Generally speaking there
 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
 securable.  See L<perlsec>.
 
 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
 securable.  See L<perlsec>.
 

-=item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
-
-(F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
-

 =item No comma allowed after %s
 
 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
 =item No comma allowed after %s
 
 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not


@@ -2243,12 +2445,21 @@ but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
 didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
 ordinary subroutine call.
 
 didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
 ordinary subroutine call.
 

+=item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
+
+(F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
+

 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
 
 (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
 
 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
 
 (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
 

+=item No group ending character '%c' found in template
+
+(F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
+matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item No input file after < on command line
 
 (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
 =item No input file after < on command line
 
 (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line


@@ -2298,16 +2509,17 @@ your system.
 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
 your system.
 
 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
 your system.
 

-=item No space allowed after -%c
-
-(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
-immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
-

 =item No %s specified for -%c
 
 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
 you haven't specified one.
 
 =item No %s specified for -%c
 
 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
 you haven't specified one.
 

+=item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
+
+(F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed variable
+but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type.  The indicated
+package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the L<fields> pragma.
+

 =item No such class %s
 
 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration, but
 =item No such class %s
 
 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration, but


@@ -2319,20 +2531,7 @@ this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
 close a pipe which hadn't been opened.  This should have been caught
 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
 
 close a pipe which hadn't been opened.  This should have been caught
 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
 

-=item No such pseudo-hash field "%s"
-
-(F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the field name used is
-not defined.  The hash at index 0 should map all valid field names to
-array indices for that to work.
-
-=item No such pseudo-hash field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
-
-(F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable where the type does
-not know about the field name.  The field names are looked up in the
-%FIELDS hash in the type package at compile time.  The %FIELDS hash is
-%usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.
-
-=item No such signal: SIG%s
+=item No such signal: SIG%s

 
 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
 not recognized.  Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
 
 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
 not recognized.  Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal


@@ -2408,12 +2607,6 @@ supplied.  See L<perlform>.
 of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
 yourself.
 
 of Perl.  Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
 yourself.
 

-=item %s not allowed in length fields
-
-(F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if
-C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes.  Redesign
-the template.
-

 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
 
 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl was unable to find the local
 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
 
 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl was unable to find the local


@@ -2494,17 +2687,17 @@ pointing outside the buffer.  This is difficult to imagine.  The sole
 exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer will extend
 the buffer and zero pad the new area.
 
 exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer will extend
 the buffer and zero pad the new area.
 

-=item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
-
-(W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
-that isn't open.  Check your control flow.  See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
-

 =item %s() on unopened %s
 
 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
 never initialized.  You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
 
 =item %s() on unopened %s
 
 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
 never initialized.  You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
 

+=item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
+
+(W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
+that isn't open.  Check your control flow.  See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
+

 =item oops: oopsAV
 
 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
 =item oops: oopsAV
 
 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.


@@ -2539,6 +2732,17 @@ in the current lexical scope.
 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request.  Perl has
 no option but to exit immediately.
 
 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request.  Perl has
 no option but to exit immediately.
 

+At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
+process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and
+C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check
+the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
+and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
+
+=item Out of memory during %s extend
+
+(X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond
+the largest possible memory allocation.
+

 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
 
 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
 
 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient


@@ -2571,11 +2775,17 @@ C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
 otherwise.
 
 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
 otherwise.
 

-=item @ outside of string
+=item '@' outside of string in unpack

 
 

-(F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute position outside
+(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside

 the string being unpacked.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
 
 the string being unpacked.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
 

+=item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
+
+(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
+the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid
+UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
 
 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
 
 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a


@@ -2583,6 +2793,11 @@ package-specific handler.  That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
 some day, even though it doesn't yet.  Perhaps you should use a
 mixed-case attribute name, instead.  See L<attributes>.
 
 some day, even though it doesn't yet.  Perhaps you should use a
 mixed-case attribute name, instead.  See L<attributes>.
 

+=item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
+
+(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
+signed integers.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item page overflow
 
 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
 =item page overflow
 
 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a


@@ -2610,16 +2825,18 @@ there are in the savestack.
 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
 reference.
 
 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
 reference.
 

+=item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
+
+(P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
+last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from
+an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is
+a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
+

 =item panic: die %s
 
 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
 it wasn't an eval context.
 
 =item panic: die %s
 
 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
 it wasn't an eval context.
 

-=item panic: pp_match%s
-
-(P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
-data.
-

 =item panic: do_subst
 
 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
 =item panic: do_subst
 
 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational


@@ -2679,6 +2896,10 @@ references to an object.
 
 (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
 
 
 (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
 

+=item panic: memory wrap
+
+(P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
+

 =item panic: null array
 
 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.
 =item panic: null array
 
 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.


@@ -2719,6 +2940,11 @@ and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
 
 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
 
 
 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
 

+=item panic: pp_match%s
+
+(P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
+data.
+

 =item panic: pp_split
 
 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
 =item panic: pp_split
 
 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.


@@ -2750,15 +2976,15 @@ was string.
 
 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
 
 
 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
 

-=item panic: yylex
-
-(P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
-

 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
 
 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
 to even) byte length.
 
 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
 
 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
 to even) byte length.
 

+=item panic: yylex
+
+(P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
+

 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
 
 (W parenthesis) You said something like
 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
 
 (W parenthesis) You said something like


@@ -2771,6 +2997,25 @@ when you meant
 
 Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than comma.
 
 
 Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than comma.
 

+=item C<-p> destination: %s
+
+(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
+command-line switch.  (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
+redirected it with select().)
+
+=item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
+
+(F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
+"Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"".  It often means
+that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
+
+=item Perl_my_%s() not available
+
+(F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
+so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
+conversion functions.  This is only a problem when you're using the
+'<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+

 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
 
 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
 
 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more


@@ -2782,6 +3027,10 @@ you upgraded, anyway?  See L<perlfunc/require>.
 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
 C<sh>-shell in.  See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
 
 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
 C<sh>-shell in.  See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
 

+=item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
+
+See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
+

 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
 
 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
 
 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:


@@ -2804,31 +3053,6 @@ the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time
 you run Perl.  How to really fix the problem can be found in
 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
 
 you run Perl.  How to really fix the problem can be found in
 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
 

-=item perlio: argument list not closed for layer "%s"
-
-(W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
-forgot the ) that closes the argument list.  (Layers take care of transforming
-data between external and internal representations.)  Perl stopped parsing
-the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
-If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
-the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
-
-=item perlio: invalid separator character %s in layer specification list %s
-
-(W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
-colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
-If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
-list was terminated too soon.
-
-=item perlio: unknown layer "%s"
-
-(W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
-system.  (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
-internal representations.)  Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
-are not supported in all environments.  If your program didn't
-explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
-value of the environment variable PERLIO.
-

 =item Permission denied
 
 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
 =item Permission denied
 
 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.


@@ -2839,13 +3063,29 @@ value of the environment variable PERLIO.
 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.  While this is
 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
 
 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.  While this is
 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
 

-=item P must have an explicit size
+=item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack

 
 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
 
 
 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
 

-=item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex;
+=item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script

 
 

-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+(F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
+which provides a race condition that breaks security.
+
+=item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown.  The <-- HERE
+shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
+Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
+the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
+not C<isprint>.  See L<perlre>.
+
+=item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
+
+(F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
+the BSD version, which takes a pid.
+
+=item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .]  go
 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
 
 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .]  go
 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:


@@ -2854,9 +3094,7 @@ implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will
 cause fatal errors.  The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
 where the problem was discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 
 cause fatal errors.  The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
 where the problem was discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 

-=item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
 
 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.


@@ -2865,9 +3103,7 @@ expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
 backslash: "\[." and ".\]".  The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
 about where the problem was discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 
 backslash: "\[." and ".\]".  The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
 about where the problem was discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 

-=item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions.  If you
 
 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions.  If you


@@ -2876,21 +3112,6 @@ character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[="
 and "=\]".  The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
 problem was discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 
 and "=\]".  The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
 problem was discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 

-=item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown.  The <-- HERE
-shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
-Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
-the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
-not C<isprint>.  See L<perlre>.
-
-=item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
-
-(F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
-the BSD version, which takes a pid.
-

 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
 
 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
 
 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal


@@ -2943,6 +3164,18 @@ Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
 end of the buffer just in case.  This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted.  See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
 
 end of the buffer just in case.  This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted.  See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
 

+=item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
+
+(W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
+with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
+
+    if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
+
+This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
+higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
+really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
+parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>).
+

 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
 
 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string
 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
 
 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string


@@ -3017,20 +3250,22 @@ declared or defined with a different function prototype.
 
 =item Prototype not terminated
 
 
 =item Prototype not terminated
 

-(F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype 
+(F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype

 definition.
 
 definition.
 

-=item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex;
+=item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
+meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
+where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.

 
 

-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
 
 
 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
 

-=item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion.  Try putting the
 
 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion.  Try putting the


@@ -3053,6 +3288,14 @@ by prepending "0" to your numbers.
 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
 before now.  Check your control flow.
 
 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
 before now.  Check your control flow.
 

+=item read() on closed filehandle %s
+
+(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
+
+=item read() on unopened filehandle %s
+
+(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
+

 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
 
 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
 
 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.


@@ -3101,9 +3344,7 @@ Doing so has no effect.
 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
 a reference count of other than 1.
 
 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
 a reference count of other than 1.
 

-=item Reference to nonexistent group in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you
 
 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you


@@ -3123,15 +3364,11 @@ expression compiler gave it.
 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
 earlier.
 
 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
 earlier.
 

-=item Repeat count in pack overflows
+=item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)

 
 

-(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
-signed integers.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
-
-=item Repeat count in unpack overflows
-
-(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
-signed integers.  See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
+(F) Your format containes the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
+numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
+terminates. You might use ^# instead.  See L<perlform>.

 
 =item Reversed %s= operator
 
 
 =item Reversed %s= operator
 


@@ -3146,6 +3383,13 @@ produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
 shifting or popping (for array variables).  See L<perlform>.
 
 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
 shifting or popping (for array variables).  See L<perlform>.
 

+=item Scalars leaked: %d
+
+(P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
+not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
+What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
+especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
+

 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
 
 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
 
 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a


@@ -3176,13 +3420,6 @@ as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you.  See
 L<perlref>.
 
 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you.  See
 L<perlref>.
 

-=item Scalars leaked: %d
-
-(P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
-not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
-What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
-especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
-

 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
 
 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
 
 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid


@@ -3194,6 +3431,11 @@ or setgid bit set.  This doesn't make much sense.
 construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
 
 construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
 

+Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or>
+construct, not just the empty search pattern.  Therefore code written
+in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
+misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
+

 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
 
 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
 
 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a


@@ -3233,40 +3475,32 @@ before now.  Check your control flow.
 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
 L<perlre>.
 
 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
 L<perlre>.
 

-=item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
-for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
-the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
-L<perlre>.
-
-=item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
 
 
 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
 

-=item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense.  The
 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
 discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 
 
 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense.  The
 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
 discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 

-=item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
 parenthesis.  Embedded parentheses aren't allowed.  The <-- HERE shows in
 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
 L<perlre>.
 
 
 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
 parenthesis.  Embedded parentheses aren't allowed.  The <-- HERE shows in
 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
 L<perlre>.
 

+=item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
+for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
+the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
+L<perlre>.
+

 =item 500 Server error
 
 See Server error.
 =item 500 Server error
 
 See Server error.


@@ -3336,10 +3570,21 @@ L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
 world, because the world might have written on it already.
 
 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
 world, because the world might have written on it already.
 

+=item Setuid script not plain file
+
+(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file,
+but from a socket, a pipe or another device.
+

 =item shm%s not implemented
 
 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
 
 =item shm%s not implemented
 
 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
 

+=item !=~ should be !~
+
+(W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~.  !=~ will be
+interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
+operators: probably not what you intended.
+

 =item <> should be quotes
 
 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
 =item <> should be quotes
 
 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written


@@ -3452,9 +3697,7 @@ assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but
 a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
 
 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but
 a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
 

-=item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to
 
 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to


@@ -3466,9 +3709,7 @@ clustering parentheses:
 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
 discovered. See L<perlre>.
 
 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
 discovered. See L<perlre>.
 

-=item Switch condition not recognized in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
 
 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression


@@ -3479,6 +3720,10 @@ about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
 and effective uids or gids.
 
 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
 and effective uids or gids.
 

+=item %s syntax
+
+(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
+

 =item syntax error
 
 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error.  Common reasons include:
 =item syntax error
 
 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error.  Common reasons include:


@@ -3513,9 +3758,13 @@ yourself.
 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
 or "my $var" or "our $var".
 
 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
 or "my $var" or "our $var".
 

-=item %s syntax OK
+=item sysread() on closed filehandle %s

 
 

-(F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
+(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
+
+=item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
+
+(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.

 
 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
 
 
 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
 


@@ -3529,6 +3778,11 @@ unconfigured.  Consult your system support.
 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
 before now.  Check your control flow.
 
 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
 before now.  Check your control flow.
 

+=item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
+
+(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
+know about your kind of stdio.  You'll have to use a filename instead.
+

 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
 
 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
 
 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested


@@ -3574,6 +3828,11 @@ linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
 past the symlink to get to the real file.  Use an actual filename
 instead.
 
 past the symlink to get to the real file.  Use an actual filename
 instead.
 

+=item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
+
+(F) Currently this attribute is not supported on C<my> or C<sub>
+declarations.  See L<perlfunc/our>.
+

 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
 
 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
 
 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)


@@ -3595,12 +3854,7 @@ target of the change to
 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times().  I
 suspect you're not running on Unix.
 
 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times().  I
 suspect you're not running on Unix.
 

-=item Too few args to syscall
-
-(F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
-system call to call, silly dilly.
-
-=item Too late for "B<-T>" option
+=item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line

 
 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
 
 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.


@@ -3616,10 +3870,26 @@ argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
 
 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
 

+=item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
+
+(F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
+uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
+specified an illegal mapping.
+See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">.
+
+=item Too deeply nested ()-groups
+
+(F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level. 
+
+=item Too few args to syscall
+
+(F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
+system call to call, silly dilly.
+

 =item Too late for "-%s" option
 
 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
 =item Too late for "-%s" option
 
 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the

-B<-M> or B<-m> option.  This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
+B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option.  This is an error because those options

 are not intended for use inside scripts.  Use the C<use> pragma instead.
 
 =item Too late to run %s block
 are not intended for use inside scripts.  Use the C<use> pragma instead.
 
 =item Too late to run %s block


@@ -3640,6 +3910,9 @@ BEGIN block.
 
 =item Too many )'s
 
 
 =item Too many )'s
 

+(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
+Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
+

 =item Too many ('s
 
 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
 =item Too many ('s
 
 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.


@@ -3658,8 +3931,13 @@ C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
 
 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
 
 
 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
 

-(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
-construct.
+(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
+y/// or y[][] construct.
+
+=item '%s' trapped by operation mask
+
+(F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
+disallowed. See L<Safe>.

 
 =item truncate not implemented
 
 
 =item truncate not implemented
 


@@ -3759,13 +4037,33 @@ what you are doing you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
 order.
 
 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
 order.
 

+=item Unknown open() mode '%s'
+
+(F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
+of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
+C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
+
+=item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
+
+(W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
+system.  (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
+internal representations.)  Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
+are not supported in all environments.  If your program didn't
+explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
+value of the environment variable PERLIO.
+
+=item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
+
+(P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl was reading values for %ENV before
+iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
+data Perl expected.  Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
+subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
+

 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
 
 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
 
 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
 
 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
 

-=item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition
 
 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition


@@ -3777,18 +4075,15 @@ matched).
 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
 discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 
 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
 discovered.  See L<perlre>.
 

-=item Unknown open() mode '%s'
+=item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'

 
 

-(F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
-of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
-C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
+You specified an unknown Unicode option.  See L<perlrun> documentation
+of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.

 
 

-=item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
+=item Unknown Unicode option value %x

 
 

-(P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl was reading values for %ENV before
-iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
-data Perl expected.  Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
-subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
+You specified an unknown Unicode option.  See L<perlrun> documentation
+of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.

 
 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
 
 
 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
 


@@ -3839,9 +4134,12 @@ script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
 recognized by Perl inside character classes.  The character was
 understood literally.
 
 recognized by Perl inside character classes.  The character was
 understood literally.
 

-=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex;
+=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
+
+(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
+recognized by Perl.

 
 

-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
 recognized by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or
 
 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
 recognized by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or


@@ -3849,11 +4147,6 @@ a C<'>-delimited regular expression. The character was understood
 literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
 escape was discovered.
 
 literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
 escape was discovered.
 

-=item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
-
-(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
-recognized by Perl.
-

 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
 
 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
 
 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not


@@ -3889,10 +4182,10 @@ Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
 
 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
 

-=item Unsupported script encoding
+=item Unsupported script encoding %s

 
 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
 
 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which

-declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot yet read.
+declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.

 
 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
 
 
 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
 


@@ -3931,34 +4224,46 @@ earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
 still valid when C<untie> was called.
 
 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
 still valid when C<untie> was called.
 

-=item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex;
+=item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)

 
 

-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+(F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.
+See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information.

 
 

-(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
-meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
+=item Usage: Win32::%s(%s)

 
 

-    if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
+(F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
+See L<Win32> for more information.
+
+=item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
+meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
+
+    if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }

 
 must be written as
 
 
 must be written as
 

-    if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
+    if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }

 
 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
 
 
 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
 

-=item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex;
+=item Useless localization of %s

 
 

-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+(W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is
+legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at
+some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.

 
 

-(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
-meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
+=item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

 
 

-    if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
+(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
+meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
+
+    if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }

 
 must be written as
 
 
 must be written as
 

-    if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
+    if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }

 
 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
 
 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.


@@ -4034,6 +4339,16 @@ returns no useful value.  See L<perlmod>.
 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form
 if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
 
 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form
 if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
 

+=item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
+
+(D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
+$ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}.  chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
+behavior, but that has been deprecated.  In future versions they
+will simply fail.
+
+Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
+blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
+

 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
 
 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution.  The /c
 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
 
 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution.  The /c


@@ -4045,26 +4360,29 @@ modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
 use the /g modifier.  Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
 used.  (This may change in the future.)
 
 use the /g modifier.  Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
 used.  (This may change in the future.)
 

-=item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
+=item Use of freed value in iteration

 
 

-(W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
-operator.  Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
-repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
+(F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?
+This error is typically caused by code like the following:
+
+    @a = (3,4);
+    @a = () for (1,2,@a);
+
+You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
+For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
+reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
+middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.

 
 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
 
 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
 
 
 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
 
 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
 

-=item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
-$ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}.  chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
-behavior, but that has been deprecated.  In future versions they
-will simply fail.
+=item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split

 
 

-Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
-blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
+(W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
+operator.  Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
+repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.

 
 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
 
 
 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
 


@@ -4096,30 +4414,15 @@ In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
 
 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
 

-=item Use of -l on filehandle %s
-
-(W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
-it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
-The operation returned C<undef>.  Use a filename instead.
-
-=item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package
-name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many
-otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
-instead.
-

 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
 
 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
 only C.  This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
 
 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
 
 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
 only C.  This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
 

-=item Use of $* is deprecated
+=item Use of $# is deprecated

 
 

-(D deprecated) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern
-matching, both for you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen
-to call.  You should use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do
-that without the dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
+(D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly
+defined B<awk> feature.  Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.

 
 =item Use of %s is deprecated
 
 
 =item Use of %s is deprecated
 


@@ -4127,14 +4430,22 @@ that without the dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
 old way has bad side effects.
 
 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
 old way has bad side effects.
 

-=item Use of $# is deprecated
+=item Use of -l on filehandle %s

 
 

-(D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly
-defined B<awk> feature.  Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
+(W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
+it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
+The operation returned C<undef>.  Use a filename instead.
+
+=item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
+
+(D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package
+name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many
+otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
+instead.

 
 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
 
 
 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
 

-(W) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
+(W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably

 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
 
 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
 


@@ -4154,7 +4465,7 @@ a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
 
 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
 
 
 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
 

-(W taint) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple 
+(W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple

 arguments and at least one of them is tainted.  This used to be allowed
 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl.  Untaint your
 arguments.  See L<perlsec>.
 arguments and at least one of them is tainted.  This used to be allowed
 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl.  Untaint your
 arguments.  See L<perlsec>.


@@ -4165,13 +4476,14 @@ arguments.  See L<perlsec>.
 defined.  It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
 
 defined.  It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
 

-To help you figure out what was undefined, perl tells you what operation
-you used the undefined value in.  Note, however, that perl optimizes your
-program and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily
-appear literally in your program.  For example, C<"that $foo"> is
-usually optimized into C<"that " . $foo>, and the warning will refer to
-the C<concatenation (.)> operator, even though there is no C<.> in your
-program.
+To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you the
+name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases it cannot
+do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the undefined value
+in.  Note, however, that perl optimizes your program and the operation
+displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear literally in your
+program.  For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually optimized into C<"that "
+. $foo>, and the warning will refer to the C<concatenation (.)> operator,
+even though there is no C<.> in your program.

 
 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
 
 
 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
 


@@ -4213,6 +4525,36 @@ C<defined> operator.
 longer than 1024 characters.  The return value has been truncated to
 1024 characters.
 
 longer than 1024 characters.  The return value has been truncated to
 1024 characters.
 

+=item Variable "%s" is not available
+
+(W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
+attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available.
+This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be
+declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created.
+(Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous
+subs are created at run-time.) For example,
+
+    sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
+
+At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a,
+since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely,
+the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by
+now been created and is live:
+
+    sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
+
+The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
+gone out of scope, for example,
+
+    sub f {
+       my $a;
+       sub { eval '$a' }
+    }
+    f()->();
+
+Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being
+executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
+

 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
 
 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that
 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
 
 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that


@@ -4221,6 +4563,12 @@ something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
 that module.  It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
 front of your variable.
 
 that module.  It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
 front of your variable.
 

+=item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
+known at compile time. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
+where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
+

 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
 
 (W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in the current
 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
 
 (W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in the current


@@ -4229,27 +4577,6 @@ instance.  This is almost always a typographical error.  Note that the
 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
 all closure referents to it are destroyed.
 
 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
 all closure referents to it are destroyed.
 

-=item Variable "%s" may be unavailable
-
-(W closure) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a
-I<named> subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the
-anonymous (innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable
-defined in the outermost subroutine.  For example:
-
-   sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }
-
-If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced (directly or
-indirectly) from the outermost subroutine, it will share the variable as
-you would expect.  But if the anonymous subroutine is called or
-referenced when the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see the
-value of the shared variable as it was before and during the *first*
-call to the outermost subroutine, which is probably not what you want.
-
-In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the middle subroutine
-anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax.  Perl has specific support for
-shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named subroutine in
-between interferes with this feature.
-

 =item Variable syntax
 
 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
 =item Variable syntax
 
 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead


@@ -4259,32 +4586,20 @@ Perl yourself.
 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
 
 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
 
 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a

-lexical variable defined in an outer subroutine.
+lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.

 
 

-When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of
+When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of

 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
 longer share a common value for the variable.  In other words, the
 variable will no longer be shared.
 
 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
 longer share a common value for the variable.  In other words, the
 variable will no longer be shared.
 

-Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and references a
-lexical variable outside itself, then the outer and inner subroutines
-will I<never> share the given variable.
-

 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax.  When inner anonymous subs that
 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax.  When inner anonymous subs that

-reference variables in outer subroutines are called or referenced, they
+reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they

 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
 
 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
 

-=item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex;
-
-marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
-
-(F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
-known at compile time. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
-where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
-

 =item Version number must be a constant number
 
 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
 =item Version number must be a constant number
 
 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into


@@ -4293,7 +4608,7 @@ the version number.
 
 =item v-string in use/require is non-portable
 
 
 =item v-string in use/require is non-portable
 

-(W) The use of v-strings is non-portable to older, pre-5.6, Perls.
+(W portable) The use of v-strings is non-portable to older, pre-5.6, Perls.

 If you want your scripts to be backward portable, use the floating
 point version number: for example, instead of C<use 5.6.1> say
 C<use 5.006_001>.  This of course won't help: the older Perls
 If you want your scripts to be backward portable, use the floating
 point version number: for example, instead of C<use 5.6.1> say
 C<use 5.006_001>.  This of course won't help: the older Perls


@@ -4334,21 +4649,41 @@ So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
 =item Wide character in %s
 
 (W utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
 =item Wide character in %s
 
 (W utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting

-one.  This warning is by default on for I/O (like print) but can be
-turned off by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.  You are supposed to explicitly
-mark the filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
+one.  This warning is by default on for I/O (like print).  The easiest
+way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the
+output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>.  Another way to turn off the
+warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to
+cheating.  In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
+filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
+
+=item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
+
+(F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if
+C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be
+determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an
+of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template.

 
 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
 
 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
 before now.  Check your control flow.
 
 
 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
 
 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
 before now.  Check your control flow.
 

-=item X outside of string
+=item %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode
+
+When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything
+into Unicode characters.  The bytes you read in are not legal in
+this encoding, for example

 
 

-(F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position before
-the beginning of the string being unpacked.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+    utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode

 
 

-=item x outside of string
+if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
+
+=item 'X' outside of string
+
+(F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
+the beginning of the string being (un)packed.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
+=item 'x' outside of string in unpack

 
 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
 the end of the string being unpacked.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.
 
 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
 the end of the string being unpacked.  See L<perlfunc/pack>.


@@ -4378,6 +4713,12 @@ which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want.  (If it IS
 what you want, put an & in front.)
 
 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want.  (If it IS
 what you want, put an & in front.)
 

+=item Your random numbers are not that random
+
+(F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could
+not get any randomness out of your system.  This usually indicates
+Something Very Wrong.
+

 =back
 
 =cut
 =back
 
 =cut