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Use pvs macros instead of pvn where possible.
[perl5.git] / universal.c
index 7fc2ad3..bf82ae5 100644 (file)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*    universal.c
  *
  *    Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
- *    2005, 2006, 2007 by Larry Wall and others
+ *    2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
  *
  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
  */
 
 STATIC bool
-S_isa_lookup(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char * const name, const HV* const name_stash)
+S_isa_lookup(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char * const name)
 {
     dVAR;
-    AV* stash_linear_isa;
-    SV** svp;
-    const char *hvname;
-    I32 items;
+    const struct mro_meta *const meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
+    HV *const isa = meta->isa ? meta->isa : Perl_get_isa_hash(aTHX_ stash);
+    STRLEN len = strlen(name);
+    const HV *our_stash;
 
-    /* A stash/class can go by many names (ie. User == main::User), so 
-       we compare the stash itself just in case */
-    if (name_stash && ((const HV *)stash == name_stash))
-        return TRUE;
-
-    hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ISA_LOOKUP;
 
-    if (strEQ(hvname, name))
+    if (hv_common(isa, NULL, name, len, 0 /* No "UTF-8" flag possible with only
+                                            a char * argument*/,
+                 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)) {
+       /* Direct name lookup worked.  */
        return TRUE;
+    }
 
-    if (strEQ(name, "UNIVERSAL"))
-       return TRUE;
+    /* A stash/class can go by many names (ie. User == main::User), so 
+       we use the name in the stash itself, which is canonical.  */
+    our_stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
 
-    stash_linear_isa = mro_get_linear_isa(stash);
-    svp = AvARRAY(stash_linear_isa) + 1;
-    items = AvFILLp(stash_linear_isa);
-    while (items--) {
-       SV* const basename_sv = *svp++;
-        HV* const basestash = gv_stashsv(basename_sv, 0);
-       if (!basestash) {
-           if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
-                           "Can't locate package %"SVf" for the parents of %s",
-                           SVfARG(basename_sv), hvname);
-           continue;
-       }
-        if(name_stash == basestash || strEQ(name, SvPVX(basename_sv)))
+    if (our_stash) {
+       HEK *const canon_name = HvNAME_HEK(our_stash);
+
+       if (hv_common(isa, NULL, HEK_KEY(canon_name), HEK_LEN(canon_name),
+                     HEK_FLAGS(canon_name),
+                     HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, HEK_HASH(canon_name))) {
            return TRUE;
+       }
     }
 
     return FALSE;
@@ -91,11 +84,13 @@ normal Perl method.
 */
 
 bool
-Perl_sv_derived_from(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *name)
+Perl_sv_derived_from(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *const name)
 {
     dVAR;
     HV *stash;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DERIVED_FROM;
+
     SvGETMAGIC(sv);
 
     if (SvROK(sv)) {
@@ -110,13 +105,7 @@ Perl_sv_derived_from(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *name)
         stash = gv_stashsv(sv, 0);
     }
 
-    if (stash) {
-       HV * const name_stash = gv_stashpv(name, 0);
-       return isa_lookup(stash, name, name_stash);
-    }
-    else
-       return FALSE;
-
+    return stash ? isa_lookup(stash, name) : FALSE;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -131,13 +120,15 @@ The SV can be a Perl object or the name of a Perl class.
 #include "XSUB.h"
 
 bool
-Perl_sv_does(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *name)
+Perl_sv_does(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *const name)
 {
     const char *classname;
     bool does_it;
     SV *methodname;
-
     dSP;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DOES;
+
     ENTER;
     SAVETMPS;
 
@@ -158,10 +149,10 @@ Perl_sv_does(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *name)
 
     PUSHMARK(SP);
     XPUSHs(sv);
-    XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(name, 0)));
+    mXPUSHs(newSVpv(name, 0));
     PUTBACK;
 
-    methodname = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs("isa"));
+    methodname = newSVpvs_flags("isa", SVs_TEMP);
     /* ugly hack: use the SvSCREAM flag so S_method_common
      * can figure out we're calling DOES() and not isa(),
      * and report eventual errors correctly. --rgs */
@@ -205,6 +196,7 @@ XS(XS_Internals_SvREADONLY);
 XS(XS_Internals_SvREFCNT);
 XS(XS_Internals_hv_clear_placehold);
 XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers);
+XS(XS_Regexp_DESTROY);
 XS(XS_Internals_hash_seed);
 XS(XS_Internals_rehash_seed);
 XS(XS_Internals_HvREHASH);
@@ -213,6 +205,7 @@ XS(XS_re_is_regexp);
 XS(XS_re_regname);
 XS(XS_re_regnames);
 XS(XS_re_regnames_count);
+XS(XS_re_regexp_pattern);
 XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_FETCH);
 XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_STORE);
 XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_DELETE);
@@ -268,6 +261,7 @@ Perl_boot_core_UNIVERSAL(pTHX)
                XS_Internals_hv_clear_placehold, file, "\\%");
     newXSproto("PerlIO::get_layers",
                XS_PerlIO_get_layers, file, "*;@");
+    newXS("Regexp::DESTROY", XS_Regexp_DESTROY, file);
     newXSproto("Internals::hash_seed",XS_Internals_hash_seed, file, "");
     newXSproto("Internals::rehash_seed",XS_Internals_rehash_seed, file, "");
     newXSproto("Internals::HvREHASH", XS_Internals_HvREHASH, file, "\\%");
@@ -275,6 +269,7 @@ Perl_boot_core_UNIVERSAL(pTHX)
     newXSproto("re::regname", XS_re_regname, file, ";$$");
     newXSproto("re::regnames", XS_re_regnames, file, ";$");
     newXSproto("re::regnames_count", XS_re_regnames_count, file, "");
+    newXSproto("re::regexp_pattern", XS_re_regexp_pattern, file, "$");
     newXS("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::FETCH", XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_FETCH, file);
     newXS("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::STORE", XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_STORE, file);
     newXS("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::DELETE", XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_DELETE, file);
@@ -286,15 +281,50 @@ Perl_boot_core_UNIVERSAL(pTHX)
     newXS("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::flags", XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_flags, file);
 }
 
+/*
+=for apidoc croak_xs_usage
+
+A specialised variant of C<croak()> for emitting the usage message for xsubs
+
+    croak_xs_usage(cv, "eee_yow");
+
+works out the package name and subroutine name from C<cv>, and then calls
+C<croak()>. Hence if C<cv> is C<&ouch::awk>, it would call C<croak> as:
+
+    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage %s::%s(%s)", "ouch" "awk", "eee_yow");
+
+=cut
+*/
+
+void
+Perl_croak_xs_usage(pTHX_ const CV *const cv, const char *const params)
+{
+    const GV *const gv = CvGV(cv);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CROAK_XS_USAGE;
+
+    if (gv) {
+       const char *const gvname = GvNAME(gv);
+       const HV *const stash = GvSTASH(gv);
+       const char *const hvname = stash ? HvNAME_get(stash) : NULL;
+
+       if (hvname)
+           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %s::%s(%s)", hvname, gvname, params);
+       else
+           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %s(%s)", gvname, params);
+    } else {
+       /* Pants. I don't think that it should be possible to get here. */
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: CODE(0x%"UVxf")(%s)", PTR2UV(cv), params);
+    }
+}
 
 XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_isa)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 2)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: UNIVERSAL::isa(reference, kind)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "reference, kind");
     else {
        SV * const sv = ST(0);
        const char *name;
@@ -320,10 +350,9 @@ XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_can)
     const char *name;
     SV   *rv;
     HV   *pkg = NULL;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 2)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: UNIVERSAL::can(object-ref, method)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "object-ref, method");
 
     sv = ST(0);
 
@@ -433,7 +462,7 @@ XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_VERSION)
        }
 
        if ( vcmp( req, sv ) > 0 ) {
-           if ( hv_exists((HV*)SvRV(req), "qv", 2 ) ) {
+           if ( hv_exists(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(req)), "qv", 2 ) ) {
                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s version %"SVf" required--"
                       "this is only version %"SVf"", HvNAME_get(pkg),
                       SVfARG(vnormal(req)),
@@ -461,9 +490,8 @@ XS(XS_version_new)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items > 3)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::new(class, version)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "class, version");
     SP -= items;
     {
         SV *vs = ST(1);
@@ -476,7 +504,7 @@ XS(XS_version_new)
        if ( items == 1 || vs == &PL_sv_undef ) { /* no param or explicit undef */
            /* create empty object */
            vs = sv_newmortal();
-           sv_setpvn(vs,"",0);
+           sv_setpvs(vs,"");
        }
        else if ( items == 3 ) {
            vs = sv_newmortal();
@@ -487,7 +515,7 @@ XS(XS_version_new)
        if ( strcmp(classname,"version") != 0 ) /* inherited new() */
            sv_bless(rv, gv_stashpv(classname, GV_ADD));
 
-       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(rv));
+       mPUSHs(rv);
        PUTBACK;
        return;
     }
@@ -497,9 +525,8 @@ XS(XS_version_stringify)
 {
      dVAR;
      dXSARGS;
-     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
      if (items < 1)
-         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::stringify(lobj, ...)");
+        croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
      SP -= items;
      {
          SV *  lobj;
@@ -510,7 +537,7 @@ XS(XS_version_stringify)
          else
               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
 
-         PUSHs(sv_2mortal(vstringify(lobj)));
+         mPUSHs(vstringify(lobj));
 
          PUTBACK;
          return;
@@ -521,9 +548,8 @@ XS(XS_version_numify)
 {
      dVAR;
      dXSARGS;
-     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
      if (items < 1)
-         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::numify(lobj, ...)");
+        croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
      SP -= items;
      {
          SV *  lobj;
@@ -534,7 +560,7 @@ XS(XS_version_numify)
          else
               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
 
-         PUSHs(sv_2mortal(vnumify(lobj)));
+         mPUSHs(vnumify(lobj));
 
          PUTBACK;
          return;
@@ -545,9 +571,8 @@ XS(XS_version_normal)
 {
      dVAR;
      dXSARGS;
-     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
      if (items < 1)
-         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::normal(lobj, ...)");
+        croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
      SP -= items;
      {
          SV *  lobj;
@@ -558,7 +583,7 @@ XS(XS_version_normal)
          else
               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
 
-         PUSHs(sv_2mortal(vnormal(lobj)));
+         mPUSHs(vnormal(lobj));
 
          PUTBACK;
          return;
@@ -569,9 +594,8 @@ XS(XS_version_vcmp)
 {
      dVAR;
      dXSARGS;
-     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
      if (items < 1)
-         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::vcmp(lobj, ...)");
+        croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
      SP -= items;
      {
          SV *  lobj;
@@ -603,7 +627,7 @@ XS(XS_version_vcmp)
                    rs = newSViv(vcmp(lobj,rvs));
               }
 
-              PUSHs(sv_2mortal(rs));
+              mPUSHs(rs);
          }
 
          PUTBACK;
@@ -615,14 +639,13 @@ XS(XS_version_boolean)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items < 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::boolean(lobj, ...)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
     SP -= items;
     if (sv_derived_from(ST(0), "version")) {
        SV * const lobj = SvRV(ST(0));
        SV * const rs = newSViv( vcmp(lobj,new_version(newSVpvs("0"))) );
-       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(rs));
+       mPUSHs(rs);
        PUTBACK;
        return;
     }
@@ -634,9 +657,8 @@ XS(XS_version_noop)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items < 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::noop(lobj, ...)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
     if (sv_derived_from(ST(0), "version"))
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "operation not supported with version object");
     else
@@ -650,13 +672,12 @@ XS(XS_version_is_alpha)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items != 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::is_alpha(lobj)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj");
     SP -= items;
     if (sv_derived_from(ST(0), "version")) {
        SV * const lobj = ST(0);
-       if ( hv_exists((HV*)SvRV(lobj), "alpha", 5 ) )
+       if ( hv_exists(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(lobj)), "alpha", 5 ) )
            XSRETURN_YES;
        else
            XSRETURN_NO;
@@ -671,9 +692,8 @@ XS(XS_version_qv)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items != 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: version::qv(ver)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "ver");
     SP -= items;
     {
        SV *    ver = ST(0);
@@ -685,7 +705,7 @@ XS(XS_version_qv)
        }
        else
        {
-           PUSHs(sv_2mortal(new_version(ver)));
+           mPUSHs(new_version(ver));
        }
 
        PUTBACK;
@@ -697,9 +717,8 @@ XS(XS_utf8_is_utf8)
 {
      dVAR;
      dXSARGS;
-     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
      if (items != 1)
-         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: utf8::is_utf8(sv)");
+        croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
      else {
        const SV * const sv = ST(0);
            if (SvUTF8(sv))
@@ -714,9 +733,8 @@ XS(XS_utf8_valid)
 {
      dVAR;
      dXSARGS;
-     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
      if (items != 1)
-         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: utf8::valid(sv)");
+        croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
     else {
        SV * const sv = ST(0);
        STRLEN len;
@@ -733,9 +751,8 @@ XS(XS_utf8_encode)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items != 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: utf8::encode(sv)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
     sv_utf8_encode(ST(0));
     XSRETURN_EMPTY;
 }
@@ -744,9 +761,8 @@ XS(XS_utf8_decode)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items != 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: utf8::decode(sv)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
     else {
        SV * const sv = ST(0);
        const bool RETVAL = sv_utf8_decode(sv);
@@ -760,9 +776,8 @@ XS(XS_utf8_upgrade)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items != 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: utf8::upgrade(sv)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
     else {
        SV * const sv = ST(0);
        STRLEN  RETVAL;
@@ -778,9 +793,8 @@ XS(XS_utf8_downgrade)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items < 1 || items > 2)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: utf8::downgrade(sv, failok=0)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv, failok=0");
     else {
        SV * const sv = ST(0);
         const bool failok = (items < 2) ? 0 : (int)SvIV(ST(1));
@@ -797,10 +811,9 @@ XS(XS_utf8_native_to_unicode)
  dVAR;
  dXSARGS;
  const UV uv = SvUV(ST(0));
- PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
  if (items > 1)
-     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: utf8::native_to_unicode(sv)");
+     croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
 
  ST(0) = sv_2mortal(newSViv(NATIVE_TO_UNI(uv)));
  XSRETURN(1);
@@ -811,10 +824,9 @@ XS(XS_utf8_unicode_to_native)
  dVAR;
  dXSARGS;
  const UV uv = SvUV(ST(0));
- PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
  if (items > 1)
-     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: utf8::unicode_to_native(sv)");
+     croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
 
  ST(0) = sv_2mortal(newSViv(UNI_TO_NATIVE(uv)));
  XSRETURN(1);
@@ -868,24 +880,28 @@ XS(XS_Internals_hv_clear_placehold)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: UNIVERSAL::hv_clear_placeholders(hv)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "hv");
     else {
-       HV * const hv = (HV *) SvRV(ST(0));
+       HV * const hv = MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(ST(0)));
        hv_clear_placeholders(hv);
        XSRETURN(0);
     }
 }
 
+XS(XS_Regexp_DESTROY)
+{
+    PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
+    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
+}
+
 XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (items < 1 || items % 2 == 0)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: PerlIO_get_layers(filehandle[,args])");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "filehandle[,args]");
 #ifdef USE_PERLIO
     {
        SV *    sv;
@@ -943,7 +959,6 @@ XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers)
        }
 
        if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv))) {
-            dTARGET;
             AV* const av = PerlIO_get_layers(aTHX_ input ?
                                        IoIFP(io) : IoOFP(io));
             I32 i;
@@ -960,26 +975,31 @@ XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers)
                  const bool flgok = flgsvp && *flgsvp && SvIOK(*flgsvp);
 
                  if (details) {
+                     /* Indents of 5? Yuck.  */
+                     /* We know that PerlIO_get_layers creates a new SV for
+                        the name and flags, so we can just take a reference
+                        and "steal" it when we free the AV below.  */
                       XPUSHs(namok
-                             ? newSVpvn(SvPVX_const(*namsvp), SvCUR(*namsvp))
+                             ? sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*namsvp))
                              : &PL_sv_undef);
                       XPUSHs(argok
-                             ? newSVpvn(SvPVX_const(*argsvp), SvCUR(*argsvp))
+                             ? newSVpvn_flags(SvPVX_const(*argsvp),
+                                              SvCUR(*argsvp),
+                                              (SvUTF8(*argsvp) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0)
+                                              | SVs_TEMP)
+                             : &PL_sv_undef);
+                      XPUSHs(namok
+                             ? sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*flgsvp))
                              : &PL_sv_undef);
-                      if (flgok)
-                           XPUSHi(SvIVX(*flgsvp));
-                      else
-                           XPUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
                       nitem += 3;
                  }
                  else {
                       if (namok && argok)
-                           XPUSHs(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%"SVf"(%"SVf")",
+                           XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%"SVf"(%"SVf")",
                                                 SVfARG(*namsvp),
-                                                SVfARG(*argsvp)));
+                                                SVfARG(*argsvp))));
                       else if (namok)
-                           XPUSHs(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%"SVf,
-                                                SVfARG(*namsvp)));
+                          XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*namsvp)));
                       else
                            XPUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
                       nitem++;
@@ -987,7 +1007,7 @@ XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers)
                            const IV flags = SvIVX(*flgsvp);
 
                            if (flags & PERLIO_F_UTF8) {
-                                XPUSHs(newSVpvs("utf8"));
+                                XPUSHs(newSVpvs_flags("utf8", SVs_TEMP));
                                 nitem++;
                            }
                       }
@@ -1032,7 +1052,7 @@ XS(XS_Internals_HvREHASH) /* Subject to change  */
     dXSARGS;
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
     if (SvROK(ST(0))) {
-       const HV * const hv = (HV *) SvRV(ST(0));
+       const HV * const hv = (const HV *) SvRV(ST(0));
        if (items == 1 && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
            if (HvREHASH(hv))
                XSRETURN_YES;
@@ -1050,7 +1070,7 @@ XS(XS_re_is_regexp)
     PERL_UNUSED_VAR(cv);
 
     if (items != 1)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %s(%s)", "re::is_regexp", "sv");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
 
     SP -= items;
 
@@ -1067,10 +1087,9 @@ XS(XS_re_regnames_count)
     SV * ret;
     dVAR; 
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 0)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %s(%s)", "re::regnames_count", "");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "");
 
     SP -= items;
 
@@ -1082,7 +1101,7 @@ XS(XS_re_regnames_count)
     SPAGAIN;
 
     if (ret) {
-        XPUSHs(ret);
+        mXPUSHs(ret);
         PUTBACK;
         return;
     } else {
@@ -1097,10 +1116,9 @@ XS(XS_re_regname)
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
     SV * ret;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items < 1 || items > 2)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %s(%s)", "re::regname", "name[, all ]");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "name[, all ]");
 
     SP -= items;
 
@@ -1117,10 +1135,7 @@ XS(XS_re_regname)
     ret = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_FETCH(rx, ST(0), (flags | RXapif_REGNAME));
 
     if (ret) {
-        if (SvROK(ret))
-            XPUSHs(ret);
-        else
-            XPUSHs(SvREFCNT_inc(ret));
+        mXPUSHs(ret);
         XSRETURN(1);
     }
     XSRETURN_UNDEF;    
@@ -1138,10 +1153,9 @@ XS(XS_re_regnames)
     I32 length;
     I32 i;
     SV **entry;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items > 1)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %s(%s)", "re::regnames", "[all]");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "[all]");
 
     rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
 
@@ -1165,7 +1179,7 @@ XS(XS_re_regnames)
     if (!ret)
         XSRETURN_UNDEF;
 
-    av = (AV*)SvRV(ret);
+    av = MUTABLE_AV(SvRV(ret));
     length = av_len(av);
 
     for (i = 0; i <= length; i++) {
@@ -1174,12 +1188,105 @@ XS(XS_re_regnames)
         if (!entry)
             Perl_croak(aTHX_ "NULL array element in re::regnames()");
 
-        XPUSHs(*entry);
+        mXPUSHs(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*entry));
     }
+
+    SvREFCNT_dec(ret);
+
     PUTBACK;
     return;
 }
 
+XS(XS_re_regexp_pattern)
+{
+    dVAR;
+    dXSARGS;
+    REGEXP *re;
+
+    if (items != 1)
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
+
+    SP -= items;
+
+    /*
+       Checks if a reference is a regex or not. If the parameter is
+       not a ref, or is not the result of a qr// then returns false
+       in scalar context and an empty list in list context.
+       Otherwise in list context it returns the pattern and the
+       modifiers, in scalar context it returns the pattern just as it
+       would if the qr// was stringified normally, regardless as
+       to the class of the variable and any strigification overloads
+       on the object.
+    */
+
+    if ((re = SvRX(ST(0)))) /* assign deliberate */
+    {
+        /* Housten, we have a regex! */
+        SV *pattern;
+        STRLEN left = 0;
+        char reflags[6];
+
+        if ( GIMME_V == G_ARRAY ) {
+            /*
+               we are in list context so stringify
+               the modifiers that apply. We ignore "negative
+               modifiers" in this scenario.
+            */
+
+            const char *fptr = INT_PAT_MODS;
+            char ch;
+            U16 match_flags = (U16)((RX_EXTFLAGS(re) & PMf_COMPILETIME)
+                                    >> RXf_PMf_STD_PMMOD_SHIFT);
+
+            while((ch = *fptr++)) {
+                if(match_flags & 1) {
+                    reflags[left++] = ch;
+                }
+                match_flags >>= 1;
+            }
+
+            pattern = newSVpvn_flags(RX_PRECOMP(re),RX_PRELEN(re),
+                                    (RX_UTF8(re) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0) | SVs_TEMP);
+
+            /* return the pattern and the modifiers */
+            XPUSHs(pattern);
+            XPUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(reflags, left, SVs_TEMP));
+            XSRETURN(2);
+        } else {
+            /* Scalar, so use the string that Perl would return */
+            /* return the pattern in (?msix:..) format */
+#if PERL_VERSION >= 11
+            pattern = sv_2mortal(newSVsv((SV*)re));
+#else
+            pattern = newSVpvn_flags(RX_WRAPPED(re), RX_WRAPLEN(re),
+                                    (RX_UTF8(re) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0) | SVs_TEMP);
+#endif
+            XPUSHs(pattern);
+            XSRETURN(1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* It ain't a regexp folks */
+        if ( GIMME_V == G_ARRAY ) {
+            /* return the empty list */
+            XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+        } else {
+            /* Because of the (?:..) wrapping involved in a
+               stringified pattern it is impossible to get a
+               result for a real regexp that would evaluate to
+               false. Therefore we can return PL_sv_no to signify
+               that the object is not a regex, this means that one
+               can say
+
+                 if (regex($might_be_a_regex) eq '(?:foo)') { }
+
+               and not worry about undefined values.
+            */
+            XSRETURN_NO;
+        }
+    }
+    /* NOT-REACHED */
+}
+
 XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_FETCH)
 {
     dVAR;
@@ -1187,10 +1294,9 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_FETCH)
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
     SV * ret;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 2)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::STORE($key, $flags)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "$key, $flags");
 
     rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
 
@@ -1205,10 +1311,7 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_FETCH)
     SPAGAIN;
 
     if (ret) {
-        if (SvROK(ret))
-            XPUSHs(ret);
-        else
-            XPUSHs(SvREFCNT_inc(ret));
+        mXPUSHs(ret);
         PUTBACK;
         return;
     }
@@ -1221,10 +1324,9 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_STORE)
     dXSARGS;
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 3)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::STORE($key, $value, $flags)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "$key, $value, $flags");
 
     rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
 
@@ -1247,10 +1349,9 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_DELETE)
     dXSARGS;
     REGEXP * rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
     U32 flags;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 2)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::DELETE($key, $flags)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "$key, $flags");
 
     if (!rx)
         Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
@@ -1267,10 +1368,9 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_CLEAR)
     dXSARGS;
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 1)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::CLEAR($flags)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "$flags");
 
     rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
 
@@ -1290,10 +1390,9 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_EXISTS)
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
     SV * ret;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 2)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::EXISTS($key, $flags)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "$key, $flags");
 
     rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
 
@@ -1319,10 +1418,9 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_FIRSTK)
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
     SV * ret;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 1)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::FIRSTKEY()");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "");
 
     rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
 
@@ -1337,7 +1435,7 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_FIRSTK)
     SPAGAIN;
 
     if (ret) {
-        XPUSHs(SvREFCNT_inc(ret));
+        mXPUSHs(ret);
         PUTBACK;
     } else {
         XSRETURN_UNDEF;
@@ -1352,10 +1450,9 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_NEXTK)
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
     SV * ret;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 2)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::NEXTKEY($lastkey)");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "$lastkey");
 
     rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
 
@@ -1370,7 +1467,7 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_NEXTK)
     SPAGAIN;
 
     if (ret) {
-        XPUSHs(ret);
+        mXPUSHs(ret);
     } else {
         XSRETURN_UNDEF;
     }  
@@ -1384,10 +1481,9 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_SCALAR)
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
     SV * ret;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 1)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::SCALAR()");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "");
 
     rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
 
@@ -1402,7 +1498,7 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_SCALAR)
     SPAGAIN;
 
     if (ret) {
-        XPUSHs(ret);
+        mXPUSHs(ret);
         PUTBACK;
         return;
     } else {
@@ -1414,13 +1510,12 @@ XS(XS_Tie_Hash_NamedCapture_flags)
 {
     dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     if (items != 0)
-        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: Tie::Hash::NamedCapture::flags()");
+       croak_xs_usage(cv, "");
 
-       XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv(RXapif_ONE)));
-       XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVuv(RXapif_ALL)));
+       mXPUSHu(RXapif_ONE);
+       mXPUSHu(RXapif_ALL);
        PUTBACK;
        return;
 }