-This is a fully ported perl for OS/390 Release 3. It may work on
-other versions, but that's the one we've tested it on.
+This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation
+characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got the
+ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read more
+about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the INSTALL file.
-If you've downloaded the binary distribution, it needs to be
-installed below /usr/local. Source code distributions have an
-automated `make install` step that means you do not need to extract
-the source code below /usr/local (though that is where it will be
-installed by default). You may need to worry about the networking
-configuration files discussed in the last bullet below.
+=head1 NAME
+
+perlos390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl
+on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services.
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7,
+8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are
+the ones we've tested it on.
+
+You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before
+running the Configure script for Perl.
+
+
+=head2 Tools
+
+The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links
+to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl.
+http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html
+
+
+=head2 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
+
+If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary format.
Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at:
- http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxqp1.html
+ http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html
to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this:
pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar
-GNU make for OS/390, which may be required for the build of perl,
-is available from:
+or
+
+ zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r
+
+If you get lots of errors of the form
+
+ tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted.
+
+you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax, you'll
+first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl directory
+
+ rm -rf perl-...
+
+and then use pax.
+
+=head2 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
+
+Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary
+parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to:
+
+ cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc
+
+This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file
+and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place.
+The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was
+SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular
+Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell.
+
+GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as
+well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the
+L</Tools>.
+
+Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while
+trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such
+trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make
+from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make
+(as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software
+for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM.
+
+If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system
+supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file
+properly via the shell command:
+
+ cp /samples/startup.mk /etc
+
+and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting
+_C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make).
+
+You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before
+running the "make install" step for Perl.
+
+There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file
+that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with
+the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant
+there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so:
+
+ #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port
+ reuse */ /
+
+You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might
+note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem
+and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them.
+If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl
+to build its "Socket" extension.
+
+For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your
+world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod).
+
+=head2 Configure Perl on OS/390
+
+Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL
+for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file
+for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things
+to watch out for include:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+A message of the form:
+
+ (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure,
+ mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.)
+
+is nothing to worry about at all.
+
+=item *
+
+Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc.
+In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc
+before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction
+of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c.
+This has to be done before running Configure the first time. If you failed
+to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your
+misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball.
+Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before
+attempting to re-run Configure.
+
+=item *
+
+This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by
+default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then
+be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script.
+See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading.
+If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the
+$archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order
+for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp.
+If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to:
+
+ CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found.
+ From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at
+
+then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either
+libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH and
+proceed.
+
+=item *
+
+Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is
+a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to
+not work correctly when the optimizer is on.
+
+=item *
+
+Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the
+networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong
+names. In particular, make sure that there's either
+an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that
+gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file
+/etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT
+/etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems).
+You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN
+in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to
+properly set up your /etc networking files.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
+
+Simply put:
+
+ sh Configure
+ make
+ make test
+
+if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then:
+
+ make install
+
+this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending
+on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether
+or not you have write access to the directories you specified.
+
+=head2 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
+
+"Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed
+by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit.
+
+Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your
+'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space
+limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF
+profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE
+parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl
+with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that).
+
+Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit
+settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values:
- http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm
+ ulimit -a
-Once you've unpacked the distribution, run Configure (see INSTALL for
-full discussion of the Configure options), and then run make, then
-"make test" then "make install" (this last step may require UID=0
-privileges)
+To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the
+Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib.
-There is a "hints" file for os390 that specifies the correct values
-for most things. Some things to watch out for are
+If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the
+Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system
+header /usr/include/sys/socket.h.
- - this port doesn't support dynamic loading. Although
- OS/390 has support for DLLs, there are some differences
- that cause problems for perl.
+=head2 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
- - You may see a "WHOA THERE!!!" message for $d_shmatprototype
- it is OK to keep the recommended "define".
+The "make test" step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before
+installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful
+run of "make test". Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen
+anomalies:
- - Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's
- a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to
- not work correctly when the optimizer is on.
+=over 4
- - Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the
- networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong
- names. In particular, make sure that there's either
- an /etc/resolv.conf or and /etc/hosts, so that
- gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file
- /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT
- /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems).
+=item *
+
+A message of the form:
+
+ io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
+ CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
+ CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
+ ok
+
+indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so
+with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE.
+
+=item *
+
+A message of the form:
+
+ lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe
+ (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
+ File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not
+ set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
+ ok
+
+indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS.
+To correct that problem issue the command:
+
+ chmod a+t /tmp
+
+from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp.
+
+=item *
+
+Out of Memory!
+
+Recent perl test suite is quite memory hungry. In addition to the comments
+above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS
+in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C #pragma
+to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins.
+
+The C code asks for:
+
+ #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON))
+
+The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to HEAP,
+and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If the heap
+increment is too small then when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries
+to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single segment
+and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is still plenty of memory
+available.
+
+A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses C<sbrk()>
+to get memory, and C<sbrk()> is limited to the first allocation so in this
+case something like:
+
+ HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K)
+
+is needed to get through the test suite.
+
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
+
+The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors
+if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the
+Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site.
+
+=head2 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
-character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
-differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
+character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character
+set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under
+EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
-OpenEdition (UNIX System Services) does not (yet) support the #! means
-of script invokation.
-See:
+Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support
+#!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from
+IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS
+releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation.
+If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see:
head `whence perldoc`
for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to
-have perl run your scripts for you.
+have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services.
+
+If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your
+rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for
+working with Perl on USS.
+
+=head2 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
+
+There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390
+systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small
+magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of
+that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following
+Perl code:
+
+ my $x = 100000.0;
+ my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0'
+ my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000'
+ print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000
+
+Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal
+to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively.
+
+The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program:
+
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ #include <math.h>
+ main()
+ {
+ double r1,r2;
+ double x = 100000.0;
+ double y = 0.0;
+ double z = 0.0;
+ x = 100000.0 * 1e-5;
+ r1 = modf (x,&y);
+ x = 100000.0 / 1e+5;
+ r2 = modf (x,&z);
+ printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5);
+ /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */
+ }
+
+=head2 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
+
+Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual:
+
+ perl Makefile.PL
+ make
+ make test
+ make install
+
+If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also
+be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with
+the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390
+but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for
+building statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations
+building a static perl + xs extension boils down to:
+
+ perl Makefile.PL
+ make
+ make perl
+ make test
+ make install
+ make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl
+
+In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather
+than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for
+xs based extensions.
+
+If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or
+linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your
+login shell then run:
+
+ export _C89_CCMODE=1
+
+If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command.
+
+=head1 AUTHORS
+
+David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker
+and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback.
+Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00.
+Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems.
+Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>.
+
+ http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html
+
+ http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/SG245944.html
+
+ http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc
+
+ http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
+
+ http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/
+
+ http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/
+
+=head2 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
+
+If you are interested in the VM/ESA, z/OS (formerly known as OS/390)
+and POSIX-BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the perl-mvs mailing list.
+To subscribe, send an empty message to perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org.
+
+See also:
+
+ http://lists.perl.org/list/perl-mvs.html
+
+There are web archives of the mailing list at:
+
+ http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/
+ http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/
+
+=head1 HISTORY
+
+This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005
+release of Perl.
+
+This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999.
+
+Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs.
+
+Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
-perl-mvs mailing list: The Perl Institute (http://www.perl.org/)
-maintains a mailing list of interest to all folks building and/or
-using perl on EBCDIC platforms. To subscibe, send a message of:
+Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl.
- subscribe perl-mvs
+Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading.
-to majordomo@perl.org.
+Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'.
-Regression tests: as the 5.005 kit was was being assembled
-the following "failures" were known to appear on some machines
-during `make test` (mostly due to ASCII vs. EBCDIC conflicts),
-your results may differ:
+=cut
-comp/cpp..........FAILED at test 0
-op/pack...........FAILED at test 58
-op/stat...........Out of memory!
-op/taint..........FAILED at test 73
-lib/errno.........FAILED at test 1
-lib/posix.........FAILED at test 19
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