system calls and environment these programs expect. More information
about this project can be found at:
- http://www.cygwin.com/
+ F<http://www.cygwin.com/>
A recent net or commercial release of Cygwin is required.
-At the time this document was last updated, Cygwin 1.5.2 was current.
+At the time this document was last updated, Cygwin 1.5.24 was current.
=head2 Cygwin Configuration
On WinNT with either the I<ntea> or I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> settings, directory
and file permissions may not be set correctly. Since the build process
-creates directories and files, to be safe you may want to run a `C<chmod
--R +w *>' on the entire Perl source tree.
+creates directories and files, to be safe you may want to run a
+C<chmod -R +w *> on the entire Perl source tree.
Also, it is a well known WinNT "feature" that files created by a login
that is a member of the I<Administrators> group will be owned by the
prompts you,
Any additional ld flags (NOT including libraries)? [none] -s
- Any special flags to pass to gcc to use dynamic linking? [none] -s
- Any special flags to pass to ld2 to create a dynamically loaded library?
+ Any special flags to pass to g++ to create a dynamically loaded library?
[none] -s
+ Any special flags to pass to gcc to use dynamic linking? [none] -s
or you can edit F<hints/cygwin.sh> and uncomment the relevant variables
near the end of the file.
The DES based Ultra Fast Crypt port was done by Alexey Truhan:
- ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/cw32crypt-dist-0.tgz
+ ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/win32/develop/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/cw32crypt-dist-0.tgz
NOTE: There are various export restrictions on DES implementations,
see the glibc README for more details.
The MD5 port was done by Andy Piper:
- ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/pc/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/libcrypt.tgz
+ ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/win32/develop/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/libcrypt.tgz
-=item * C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>)
+=item * C<-lgdbm_compat> (C<use GDBM_File>)
GDBM is available for Cygwin.
BerkeleyDB is available for Cygwin.
-NOTE: The BerkeleyDB library only completely works on NTFS partitions.
+NOTE: The BerkeleyDB library only completely works on NTFS partitions
+and db-4.3 is flawed.
-=item * C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
+=item * C<cygserver> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
A port of SysV IPC is available for Cygwin.
=item * C<-lutil>
-Included with the standard Cygwin netrelease is the inetutils package
+Included with the standard Cygwin netrelease is the inetutils package
which includes libutil.a.
=back
I<gcc> supports long doubles (12 bytes). However, several additional
long double math functions are necessary to use them within Perl
-(I<{atan2, cos, exp, floor, fmod, frexp, isnan, log, modf, pow, sin, sqrt}l,
+(I<{atan2, cos, exp, floor, fmod, frexp, isnan, log, modf, pow, sin, sqrt}l,
strtold>).
These are B<not> yet available with Cygwin.
=item * C<-Duselargefiles>
-Cygwin uses 64-bit integers for internal size and position calculations,
+Cygwin uses 64-bit integers for internal size and position calculations,
this will be correctly detected and defined by Configure.
=item * C<-Dmksymlinks>
Use this to build perl outside of the source tree. This works with Cygwin.
-Details can be found in the F<INSTALL> document. This is the recommended
+Details can be found in the F<INSTALL> document. This is the recommended
way to build perl from sources.
=back
=over 4
-=item * I<dlsym()>
-
-I<ld2> is needed to build dynamic libraries, but it does not exist
-when C<dlsym()> checking occurs (it is not created until `C<make>' runs).
-You will see the following message:
-
- Checking whether your C<dlsym()> needs a leading underscore ...
- ld2: not found
- I can't compile and run the test program.
- I'm guessing that dlsym doesn't need a leading underscore.
-
-Since the guess is correct, this is not a problem.
-
=item * Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>
Win9x does not correctly report C<EOF> with a non-blocking read on a
make 2>&1 | tee log.make
-=head2 Errors on Cygwin
-
-Errors like these are normal:
-
- ...
- make: [extra.pods] Error 1 (ignored)
- ...
- make: [extras.make] Error 1 (ignored)
-
-=head2 ld2 on Cygwin
-
-During `C<make>', I<ld2> will be created and installed in your $installbin
-directory (where you said to put public executables). It does not
-wait until the `C<make install>' process to install the I<ld2> script,
-this is because the remainder of the `C<make>' refers to I<ld2> without
-fully specifying its path and does this from multiple subdirectories.
-The assumption is that $installbin is in your current C<PATH>. If this
-is not the case `C<make>' will fail at some point. If this happens,
-just manually copy I<ld2> from the source directory to somewhere in
-your C<PATH>.
-
=head1 TEST ON CYGWIN
There are two steps to running the test suite:
make test 2>&1 | tee log.make-test
- cd t;./perl harness 2>&1 | tee ../log.harness
+ cd t; ./perl harness 2>&1 | tee ../log.harness
The same tests are run both times, but more information is provided when
-running as `C<./perl harness>'.
+running as C<./perl harness>.
Test results vary depending on your host system and your Cygwin
configuration. If a test can pass in some Cygwin setup, it is always
have a F<.{com,bat,exe}> extension or begin with C<#!>, directories are
always readable and executable). On WinNT with the I<ntea> C<CYGWIN>
setting, the additional mode bits are stored as extended file attributes.
-On WinNT with the I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> setting, permissions use the standard
-WinNT security descriptors and access control lists. Without one of
+On WinNT with the default I<ntsec> C<CYGWIN> setting, permissions use the
+standard WinNT security descriptors and access control lists. Without one of
these options, these tests will fail (listing not updated yet):
Failed Test List of failed
run Configure with the -Ui_ndbm and -Ui_dbm options to prevent
NDBM_File and ODBM_File being built.
-With NTFS (and CYGWIN=ntsec), there should be no problems even if
+With NTFS (and no CYGWIN=nontsec), there should be no problems even if
perl was built on FAT.
=head2 C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
contains a backslash or drive letter is a Win32 pathname (and not subject
to the translations applied to POSIX style pathnames).
+For conversion we have C<Cygwin::win_to_posix_path()> and
+C<Cygwin::posix_to_win_path()>.
+
+Pathnames may not contain Unicode characters. C<Cygwin> still uses the
+ANSI API calls and no Unicode calls because of newlib deficiencies.
+There's an unofficial unicode patch for cygwin at
+F<http://www.okisoft.co.jp/esc/utf8-cygwin/>
+
=item * Text/Binary
When a file is opened it is in either text or binary mode. In text mode
a file is subject to CR/LF/Ctrl-Z translations. With Cygwin, the default
mode for an C<open()> is determined by the mode of the mount that underlies
-the file. Perl provides a C<binmode()> function to set binary mode on files
-that otherwise would be treated as text. C<sysopen()> with the C<O_TEXT>
-flag sets text mode on files that otherwise would be treated as binary:
+the file. See C<Cygwin::is_binmount()>. Perl provides a C<binmode()> function
+to set binary mode on files that otherwise would be treated as text.
+C<sysopen()> with the C<O_TEXT> flag sets text mode on files that otherwise
+would be treated as binary:
sysopen(FOO, "bar", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TEXT)
=item * PerlIO
-PerlIO overrides the default Cygwin Text/Binary behaviour. A file will
-always treated as binary, regardless which mode of the mount it lives on,
-just like it is in UNIX. So CR/LF translation needs to be requested in
+PerlIO overrides the default Cygwin Text/Binary behaviour. A file will
+always be treated as binary, regardless of the mode of the mount it lives
+on, just like it is in UNIX. So CR/LF translation needs to be requested in
either the C<open()> call like this:
open(FH, ">:crlf", "out.txt");
-which will do conversion from LF to CR/LF on the output, or in the
+which will do conversion from LF to CR/LF on the output, or in the
environment settings (add this to your .bashrc):
export PERLIO=crlf
-which will pull in the crlf PerlIO layer which does LF -> CRLF conversion
+which will pull in the crlf PerlIO layer which does LF -> CRLF conversion
on every output generated by perl.
=item * F<.exe>
in a makefile) the F<.exe> is not transparent. The I<install> included
with Cygwin automatically appends a F<.exe> when necessary.
+=item * Cygwin vs. Windows process ids
+
+Cygwin processes have their own pid, which is different from the
+underlying windows pid. Most posix compliant Proc functions expect
+the cygwin pid, but several Win32::Process functions expect the
+winpid. E.g. C<$$> is the cygwin pid of F</usr/bin/perl>, which is not
+the winpid. Use C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid()> and C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid()>
+to translate between them.
+
+=item * Cygwin vs. Windows errors
+
+Under Cygwin, $^E is the same as $!. When using L<Win32 API Functions|Win32>,
+use C<Win32::GetLastError()> to get the last Windows error.
+
=item * C<chown()>
On WinNT C<chown()> can change a file's user and group IDs. On Win9x C<chown()>
The Cygwin C<chroot()> implementation has holes (it can not restrict file
access by native Win32 programs).
-Inplace editing C<perl -i> of files doesn't work without doing a backup
+Inplace editing C<perl -i> of files doesn't work without doing a backup
of the file being edited C<perl -i.bak> because of windowish restrictions,
-therefore Perl adds the suffix C<.bak> automatically if you use C<perl -i>
+therefore Perl adds the suffix C<.bak> automatically if you use C<perl -i>
without specifying a backup extension.
Using C<fork()> after loading multiple dlls may fail with an internal cygwin
=item C<Cwd::cwd>
-Returns current working directory.
+Returns the current working directory.
=item C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>
Translates a Windows pid to the corresponding cygwin pid (if any).
+=item C<Cygwin::win_to_posix_path>
+
+Translates a Windows path to the corresponding cygwin path respecting
+the current mount points. With a second non-null argument returns an
+absolute path. Double-byte characters will not be translated.
+
+=item C<Cygwin::posix_to_win_path>
+
+Translates a cygwin path to the corresponding cygwin path respecting
+the current mount points. With a second non-null argument returns an
+absolute path. Double-byte characters will not be translated.
+
+=item C<Cygwin::mount_table()>
+
+Returns an array of [mnt_dir, mnt_fsname, mnt_type, mnt_opts].
+
+ perl -e 'for $i (Cygwin::mount_table) {print join(" ",@$i),"\n";}'
+ /bin c:\cygwin\bin system binmode,cygexec
+ /usr/bin c:\cygwin\bin system binmode
+ /usr/lib c:\cygwin\lib system binmode
+ / c:\cygwin system binmode
+ /cygdrive/c c: system binmode,noumount
+ /cygdrive/d d: system binmode,noumount
+ /cygdrive/e e: system binmode,noumount
+
+=item C<Cygwin::mount_flags>
+
+Returns the mount type and flags for a specified mount point.
+A comma-separated string of mntent->mnt_type (always
+"system" or "user"), then the mntent->mnt_opts, where
+the first is always "binmode" or "textmode".
+
+ system|user,binmode|textmode,exec,cygexec,cygdrive,mixed,
+ notexec,managed,nosuid,devfs,proc,noumount
+
+If the argument is "/cygdrive", then just the volume mount settings,
+and the cygdrive mount prefix are returned.
+
+User mounts override system mounts.
+
+ $ perl -e 'print Cygwin::mount_flags "/usr/bin"'
+ system,binmode,cygexec
+ $ perl -e 'print Cygwin::mount_flags "/cygdrive"'
+ binmode,cygdrive,/cygdrive
+
+=item C<Cygwin::is_binmount>
+
+Returns true if the given cygwin path is binary mounted, false if the
+path is mounted in textmode.
+
=back
=head1 INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
make install 2>&1 | tee log.make-install
-NOTE: If C<STDERR> is redirected `C<make install>' will B<not> prompt
+NOTE: If C<STDERR> is redirected C<make install> will B<not> prompt
you to install I<perl> into F</usr/bin>.
-You may need to be I<Administrator> to run `C<make install>'. If you
+You may need to be I<Administrator> to run C<make install>. If you
are not, you must have write access to the directories in question.
Information on installing the Perl documentation in HTML format can be
These are the files in the Perl release that contain references to Cygwin.
These very brief notes attempt to explain the reason for all conditional
code. Hopefully, keeping this up to date will allow the Cygwin port to
-be kept as clean as possible (listing not updated yet).
+be kept as clean as possible.
=over 4
=item Documentation
INSTALL README.cygwin README.win32 MANIFEST
- Changes Changes5.005 Changes5.004 Changes5.6
pod/perl.pod pod/perlport.pod pod/perlfaq3.pod
pod/perldelta.pod pod/perl5004delta.pod pod/perl56delta.pod
- pod/perlhist.pod pod/perlmodlib.pod perl/buildtoc pod/perltoc.pod
+ pod/perl561delta.pod pod/perl570delta.pod pod/perl572delta.pod
+ pod/perl573delta.pod pod/perl58delta.pod pod/perl581delta.pod
+ pod/perl590delta.pod pod/perlhist.pod pod/perlmodlib.pod
+ pod/perltoc.pod pod.lst Porting/Glossary pod/perlrepository.pod
+ Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl
+ ext/Compress-Raw-Zlib/Changes ext/Compress-Raw-Zlib/README
+ ext/Compress-Zlib/Changes cpan/Cwd/Changes ext/DB_File/Changes
+ ext/Encode/Changes ext/Sys-Syslog/Changes ext/Time-HiRes/Changes
+ ext/Win32API-File/Changes lib/CGI/Changes lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder/Changes
+ lib/ExtUtils/Changes lib/ExtUtils/NOTES lib/ExtUtils/PATCHING
+ lib/ExtUtils/README lib/Module/Build/Changes lib/Net/Ping/Changes
+ lib/Test/Harness/Changes
+ lib/Term/ANSIColor/ChangeLog lib/Term/ANSIColor/README
+ README.symbian symbian/TODO
=item Build, Configure, Make, Install
cygwin/Makefile.SHs
- cygwin/ld2.in
- cygwin/perlld.in
ext/IPC/SysV/hints/cygwin.pl
ext/NDBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
ext/ODBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
hints/cygwin.sh
Configure - help finding hints from uname,
shared libperl required for dynamic loading
- Makefile.SH - linklibperl
+ Makefile.SH Cross/Makefile-cross-SH
+ - linklibperl
Porting/patchls - cygwin in port list
installman - man pages with :: translated to .
- installperl - install dll/ld2/perlld, install to pods
+ installperl - install dll, install to 'pods'
makedepend.SH - uwinfix
+ regen_lib.pl - file permissions
+
+ NetWare/Makefile
+ plan9/mkfile
+ symbian/sanity.pl symbian/sisify.pl
+ hints/uwin.sh
+ vms/descrip_mms.template
+ win32/Makefile win32/makefile.mk
=item Tests
+ t/io/fs.t - no file mode checks if not ntsec
+ skip rename() check when not check_case:relaxed
t/io/tell.t - binmode
- t/lib/b.t - ignore Cwd from os_extras
- t/lib/glob-basic.t - Win32 directory list access differs from read mode
+ t/lib/cygwin.t - builtin cygwin function tests
+ t/op/groups.t - basegroup has ID = 0
t/op/magic.t - $^X/symlink WORKAROUND, s/.exe//
t/op/stat.t - no /dev, skip Win32 ftCreationTime quirk
(cache manager sometimes preserves ctime of file
previously created and deleted), no -u (setuid)
+ t/op/taint.t - can't use empty path under Cygwin Perl
+ t/op/time.t - no tzset()
=item Compiled Perl Source
EXTERN.h - __declspec(dllimport)
XSUB.h - __declspec(dllexport)
- cygwin/cygwin.c - os_extras (getcwd, spawn)
- perl.c - os_extras
+ cygwin/cygwin.c - os_extras (getcwd, spawn, and several Cygwin:: functions)
+ perl.c - os_extras, -i.bak
perl.h - binmode
doio.c - win9x can not rename a file when it is open
- pp_sys.c - do not define h_errno, pp_system with spawn
+ pp_sys.c - do not define h_errno, init _pwent_struct.pw_comment
util.c - use setenv
+ util.h - PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE macro
+ pp.c - Comment about Posix vs IEEE math under Cygwin
+ perlio.c - CR/LF mode
+ perliol.c - Comment about EXTCONST under Cygwin
=item Compiled Module Source
+ ext/Compress-Raw-Zlib/Makefile.PL
+ - Can't install via CPAN shell under Cygwin
+ ext/Compress-Raw-Zlib/zlib-src/zutil.h
+ - Cygwin is Unix-like and has vsnprintf
+ ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL - Special handling for Win32 Perl under Cygwin
ext/POSIX/POSIX.xs - tzname defined externally
ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/pair.c
- EXTCONST needs to be redefined from EXTERN.h
ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/sdbm.c
- binary open
+ ext/Sys/Syslog/Syslog.xs
+ - Cygwin has syslog.h
+ ext/Sys/Syslog/win32/compile.pl
+ - Convert paths to Windows paths
+ ext/Time-HiRes/HiRes.xs
+ - Various timers not available
+ ext/Time-HiRes/Makefile.PL
+ - Find w32api/windows.h
+ ext/Win32/Makefile.PL - Use various libraries under Cygwin
+ ext/Win32/Win32.xs - Child dir and child env under Cygwin
+ ext/Win32API-File/File.xs
+ - _open_osfhandle not implemented under Cygwin
+ ext/Win32CORE/Win32CORE.c
+ - __declspec(dllexport)
=item Perl Modules/Scripts
+ ext/B/t/OptreeCheck.pm - Comment about stderr/stdout order under Cygwin
+ ext/Digest-SHA/bin/shasum
+ - Use binary mode under Cygwin
+ ext/Sys/Syslog/win32/Win32.pm
+ - Convert paths to Windows paths
+ ext/Time-HiRes/HiRes.pm
+ - Comment about various timers not available
+ ext/Win32API-File/File.pm
+ - _open_osfhandle not implemented under Cygwin
+ ext/Win32CORE/Win32CORE.pm
+ - History of Win32CORE under Cygwin
+ lib/CGI.pm - binmode and path separator
+ lib/CPANPLUS/Dist/MM.pm - Commented out code that fails under Win32/Cygwin
+ lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Constants/Report.pm
+ - OS classifications
+ lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Constants.pm
+ - Contants for Cygwin
+ lib/CPANPLUS/Internals/Report.pm
+ - Example of Cygwin report
+ lib/CPANPLUS/Module.pm
+ - Abort if running on old Cygwin version
lib/Cwd.pm - hook to internal Cwd::cwd
+ lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder/Platform/cygwin.pm
+ - use gcc for ld, and link to libperl.dll.a
+ lib/ExtUtils/CBuilder.pm
+ - Cygwin is Unix-like
+ lib/ExtUtils/Install.pm - Install and rename issues under Cygwin
+ lib/ExtUtils/MM.pm - OS classifications
+ lib/ExtUtils/MM_Any.pm - Example for Cygwin
lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm
- require MM_Cygwin.pm
lib/ExtUtils/MM_Cygwin.pm
- canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
+ lib/File/Fetch.pm - Comment about quotes using a Cygwin example
lib/File/Find.pm - on remote drives stat() always sets st_nlink to 1
+ lib/File/Spec/Cygwin.pm - case_tolerant
lib/File/Spec/Unix.pm - preserve //unc
+ lib/File/Spec/Win32.pm - References a message on cygwin.com
+ lib/File/Spec.pm - Pulls in lib/File/Spec/Cygwin.pm
lib/File/Temp.pm - no directory sticky bit
+ lib/Module/Build/Compat.pm - Comment references 'make' under Cygwin
+ lib/Module/Build/Platform/cygwin.pm
+ - Use '.' for man page separator
+ lib/Module/Build.pm - Cygwin is Unix-like
+ lib/Module/CoreList.pm - List of all module files and versions
+ lib/Net/Domain.pm - No domainname command under Cygwin
+ lib/Net/Netrc.pm - Bypass using stat() under Cygwin
+ lib/Net/Ping.pm - ECONREFUSED is EAGAIN under Cygwin
+ lib/Pod/Find.pm - Set 'pods' dir
+ lib/Pod/Perldoc/ToMan.pm - '-c' switch for pod2man
+ lib/Pod/Perldoc.pm - Use 'less' pager, and use .exe extension
+ lib/Term/ANSIColor.pm - Cygwin terminal info
lib/perl5db.pl - use stdin not /dev/tty
- utils/perldoc.PL - version comment
+ utils/perlbug.PL - Add CYGWIN environment variable to report
+
+=item Perl Module Tests
+
+ ext/Compress-Zlib/t/14gzopen.t
+ cpan/Cwd/t/cwd.t
+ ext/DB_File/t/db-btree.t
+ ext/DB_File/t/db-hash.t
+ ext/DB_File/t/db-recno.t
+ ext/DynaLoader/t/DynaLoader.t
+ ext/File-Glob/t/basic.t
+ ext/GDBM_File/t/gdbm.t
+ ext/POSIX/t/sysconf.t
+ ext/POSIX/t/time.t
+ ext/SDBM_File/t/sdbm.t
+ ext/Sys/Syslog/t/syslog.t
+ ext/Time-HiRes/t/HiRes.t
+ ext/Win32/t/Unicode.t
+ ext/Win32API-File/t/file.t
+ ext/Win32CORE/t/win32core.t
+ lib/AnyDBM_File.t
+ lib/Archive/Extract/t/01_Archive-Extract.t
+ lib/Archive/Tar/t/02_methods.t
+ lib/CPANPLUS/t/05_CPANPLUS-Internals-Fetch.t
+ lib/CPANPLUS/t/20_CPANPLUS-Dist-MM.t
+ lib/ExtUtils/t/Embed.t
+ lib/ExtUtils/t/eu_command.t
+ lib/ExtUtils/t/MM_Cygwin.t
+ lib/ExtUtils/t/MM_Unix.t
+ lib/File/Compare.t
+ lib/File/Copy.t
+ lib/File/Find/t/find.t
+ lib/File/Path.t
+ lib/File/Spec/t/crossplatform.t
+ lib/File/Spec/t/Spec.t
+ lib/Module/Build/t/destinations.t
+ lib/Net/hostent.t
+ lib/Net/Ping/t/110_icmp_inst.t
+ lib/Net/Ping/t/500_ping_icmp.t
+ lib/Net/t/netrc.t
+ lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlcyg.pod
+ lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlcygo.txt
+ lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlfaq.pod
+ lib/Pod/Simple/t/perlfaqo.txt
+ lib/User/grent.t
+ lib/User/pwent.t
=back
Steven Morlock <newspost@morlock.net>,
Sebastien Barre <Sebastien.Barre@utc.fr>,
Teun Burgers <burgers@ecn.nl>,
-Gerrit P. Haase <gp@familiehaase.de>.
+Gerrit P. Haase <gp@familiehaase.de>,
+Reini Urban <rurban@cpan.org>,
+Jan Dubois <jand@activestate.com>,
+Jerry D. Hedden <jdhedden@cpan.org>.
=head1 HISTORY
-Last updated: 2003-08-12
+Last updated: 2007-09-25
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff