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[ID 20001026.006] C<use integer; $x += 1> gives uninitialized warning
[perl5.git] / pp_hot.c
index 7fc744e..3f85116 100644 (file)
--- a/pp_hot.c
+++ b/pp_hot.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*    pp_hot.c
  *
- *    Copyright (c) 1991-1999, Larry Wall
+ *    Copyright (c) 1991-2000, Larry Wall
  *
  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
 #ifdef I_UNISTD
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
-#ifdef I_FCNTL
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef I_SYS_FILE
-#include <sys/file.h>
-#endif
-
 
 /* Hot code. */
 
@@ -39,7 +32,7 @@ static void unset_cvowner(pTHXo_ void *cvarg);
 PP(pp_const)
 {
     djSP;
-    XPUSHs(cSVOP->op_sv);
+    XPUSHs(cSVOP_sv);
     RETURN;
 }
 
@@ -57,9 +50,9 @@ PP(pp_gvsv)
     djSP;
     EXTEND(SP,1);
     if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
-       PUSHs(save_scalar(cGVOP->op_gv));
+       PUSHs(save_scalar(cGVOP_gv));
     else
-       PUSHs(GvSV(cGVOP->op_gv));
+       PUSHs(GvSV(cGVOP_gv));
     RETURN;
 }
 
@@ -87,6 +80,8 @@ PP(pp_stringify)
     char *s;
     s = SvPV(TOPs,len);
     sv_setpvn(TARG,s,len);
+    if (SvUTF8(TOPs) && !IN_BYTE)
+       SvUTF8_on(TARG);
     SETTARG;
     RETURN;
 }
@@ -94,7 +89,7 @@ PP(pp_stringify)
 PP(pp_gv)
 {
     djSP;
-    XPUSHs((SV*)cGVOP->op_gv);
+    XPUSHs((SV*)cGVOP_gv);
     RETURN;
 }
 
@@ -112,7 +107,6 @@ PP(pp_and)
 PP(pp_sassign)
 {
     djSP; dPOPTOPssrl;
-    MAGIC *mg;
 
     if (PL_op->op_private & OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) {
        SV *temp;
@@ -151,35 +145,102 @@ PP(pp_concat)
   {
     dPOPTOPssrl;
     STRLEN len;
-    char *s;
+    U8 *s;
+    bool left_utf;
+    bool right_utf;
+
+    if (TARG == right && SvGMAGICAL(right))
+        mg_get(right);
+    if (SvGMAGICAL(left))
+        mg_get(left);
+
+    left_utf  = DO_UTF8(left);
+    right_utf = DO_UTF8(right);
+    if (left_utf != right_utf) {
+        if (TARG == right && !right_utf) {
+            sv_utf8_upgrade(TARG); /* Now straight binary copy */
+            SvUTF8_on(TARG);
+        }
+        else {
+            /* Set TARG to PV(left), then add right */
+            U8 *l, *c, *olds = NULL;
+            STRLEN targlen;
+           s = (U8*)SvPV(right,len);
+           right_utf |= DO_UTF8(right);
+            if (TARG == right) {
+               /* Take a copy since we're about to overwrite TARG */
+               olds = s = (U8*)savepvn((char*)s, len);
+           }
+           if (!SvOK(left) && SvTYPE(left) <= SVt_PVMG) {
+               if (SvREADONLY(left))
+                   left = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(left));
+               else
+                   sv_setpv(left, ""); /* Suppress warning. */
+           }
+            l = (U8*)SvPV(left, targlen);
+           left_utf |= DO_UTF8(left);
+            if (TARG != left)
+                sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)l, targlen);
+            if (!left_utf)
+                sv_utf8_upgrade(TARG);
+            /* Extend TARG to length of right (s) */
+            targlen = SvCUR(TARG) + len;
+            if (!right_utf) {
+                /* plus one for each hi-byte char if we have to upgrade */
+                for (c = s; c < s + len; c++)  {
+                    if (*c & 0x80)
+                        targlen++;
+                }
+            }
+            SvGROW(TARG, targlen+1);
+            /* And now copy, maybe upgrading right to UTF8 on the fly */
+            for (c = (U8*)SvEND(TARG); len--; s++) {
+                 if (*s & 0x80 && !right_utf)
+                     c = uv_to_utf8(c, *s);
+                 else
+                     *c++ = *s;
+            }
+            SvCUR_set(TARG, targlen);
+            *SvEND(TARG) = '\0';
+            SvUTF8_on(TARG);
+            SETs(TARG);
+           Safefree(olds);
+            RETURN;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (TARG != left) {
-       s = SvPV(left,len);
-       sv_setpvn(TARG,s,len);
+       s = (U8*)SvPV(left,len);
+       if (TARG == right) {
+           sv_insert(TARG, 0, 0, (char*)s, len);
+           SETs(TARG);
+           RETURN;
+       }
+       sv_setpvn(TARG, (char *)s, len);
     }
-    else if (SvGMAGICAL(TARG))
-       mg_get(TARG);
-    else if (!SvOK(TARG) && SvTYPE(TARG) <= SVt_PVMG) {
+    else if (!SvOK(TARG) && SvTYPE(TARG) <= SVt_PVMG)
        sv_setpv(TARG, "");     /* Suppress warning. */
-       s = SvPV_force(TARG, len);
-    }
-    s = SvPV(right,len);
+    s = (U8*)SvPV(right,len);
     if (SvOK(TARG)) {
 #if defined(PERL_Y2KWARN)
-       if ((SvIOK(right) || SvNOK(right)) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) {
+       if ((SvIOK(right) || SvNOK(right)) && ckWARN(WARN_Y2K)) {
            STRLEN n;
            char *s = SvPV(TARG,n);
            if (n >= 2 && s[n-2] == '1' && s[n-1] == '9'
                && (n == 2 || !isDIGIT(s[n-3])))
            {
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC, "Possible Y2K bug: %s",
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_Y2K, "Possible Y2K bug: %s",
                            "about to append an integer to '19'");
            }
        }
 #endif
-       sv_catpvn(TARG,s,len);
+       sv_catpvn(TARG, (char *)s, len);
     }
     else
-       sv_setpvn(TARG,s,len);  /* suppress warning */
+       sv_setpvn(TARG, (char *)s, len);        /* suppress warning */
+    if (left_utf)
+       SvUTF8_on(TARG);
     SETTARG;
     RETURN;
   }
@@ -206,7 +267,7 @@ PP(pp_readline)
     tryAMAGICunTARGET(iter, 0);
     PL_last_in_gv = (GV*)(*PL_stack_sp--);
     if (SvTYPE(PL_last_in_gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
-       if (SvROK(PL_last_in_gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(PL_last_in_gv)) == SVt_PVGV) 
+       if (SvROK(PL_last_in_gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(PL_last_in_gv)) == SVt_PVGV)
            PL_last_in_gv = (GV*)SvRV(PL_last_in_gv);
        else {
            dSP;
@@ -221,7 +282,7 @@ PP(pp_readline)
 
 PP(pp_eq)
 {
-    djSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(eq,0); 
+    djSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(eq,0);
     {
       dPOPnv;
       SETs(boolSV(TOPn == value));
@@ -259,7 +320,7 @@ PP(pp_or)
 
 PP(pp_add)
 {
-    djSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(add,opASSIGN); 
+    djSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(add,opASSIGN);
     {
       dPOPTOPnnrl_ul;
       SETn( left + right );
@@ -270,7 +331,7 @@ PP(pp_add)
 PP(pp_aelemfast)
 {
     djSP;
-    AV *av = GvAV((GV*)cSVOP->op_sv);
+    AV *av = GvAV(cGVOP_gv);
     U32 lval = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
     SV** svp = av_fetch(av, PL_op->op_private, lval);
     SV *sv = (svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef);
@@ -325,9 +386,10 @@ PP(pp_print)
        gv = (GV*)*++MARK;
     else
        gv = PL_defoutgv;
-    if (mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)gv, 'q')) {
+    if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)gv, 'q'))) {
+      had_magic:
        if (MARK == ORIGMARK) {
-           /* If using default handle then we need to make space to 
+           /* If using default handle then we need to make space to
             * pass object as 1st arg, so move other args up ...
             */
            MEXTEND(SP, 1);
@@ -348,26 +410,33 @@ PP(pp_print)
        RETURN;
     }
     if (!(io = GvIO(gv))) {
-       if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED)) {
-           SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
-           gv_efullname3(sv, gv, Nullch);
-            Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNOPENED, "Filehandle %s never opened",
-                       SvPV(sv,n_a));
-        }
+        dTHR;
+        if ((GvEGV(gv)) && (mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)GvEGV(gv),'q')))
+            goto had_magic;
+       if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
+           report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
        SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
        goto just_say_no;
     }
     else if (!(fp = IoOFP(io))) {
        if (ckWARN2(WARN_CLOSED, WARN_IO))  {
-           SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
-           gv_efullname3(sv, gv, Nullch);
-           if (IoIFP(io))
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO,
-                           "Filehandle %s opened only for input",
-                           SvPV(sv,n_a));
-           else if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_CLOSED,
-                           "print on closed filehandle %s", SvPV(sv,n_a));
+           if (IoIFP(io)) {
+               /* integrate with report_evil_fh()? */
+               char *name = NULL;
+               if (isGV(gv)) {
+                   SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
+                   gv_efullname4(sv, gv, Nullch, FALSE);
+                   name = SvPV_nolen(sv);
+               }
+               if (name && *name)
+                 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO,
+                             "Filehandle %s opened only for input", name);
+               else
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO,
+                               "Filehandle opened only for input");
+           }
+           else if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
+               report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
        }
        SETERRNO(EBADF,IoIFP(io)?RMS$_FAC:RMS$_IFI);
        goto just_say_no;
@@ -443,10 +512,10 @@ PP(pp_rv2av)
        }
        else {
            GV *gv;
-           
+       
            if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVGV) {
                char *sym;
-               STRLEN n_a;
+               STRLEN len;
 
                if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
                    mg_get(sv);
@@ -458,20 +527,24 @@ PP(pp_rv2av)
                      PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
                        DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "an ARRAY");
                    if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
-                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNINITIALIZED, PL_warn_uninit);
+                       report_uninit();
                    if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
                        (void)POPs;
                        RETURN;
                    }
                    RETSETUNDEF;
                }
-               sym = SvPV(sv,n_a);
+               sym = SvPV(sv,len);
                if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
                    !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
                {
                    gv = (GV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, FALSE, SVt_PVAV);
-                   if (!gv)
+                   if (!gv
+                       && (!is_gv_magical(sym,len,0)
+                           || !(gv = (GV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, TRUE, SVt_PVAV))))
+                   {
                        RETSETUNDEF;
+                   }
                }
                else {
                    if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
@@ -495,14 +568,14 @@ PP(pp_rv2av)
     if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
        I32 maxarg = AvFILL(av) + 1;
        (void)POPs;                     /* XXXX May be optimized away? */
-       EXTEND(SP, maxarg);          
+       EXTEND(SP, maxarg);
        if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
-           U32 i; 
+           U32 i;
            for (i=0; i < maxarg; i++) {
                SV **svp = av_fetch(av, i, FALSE);
                SP[i+1] = (svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
            }
-       } 
+       }
        else {
            Copy(AvARRAY(av), SP+1, maxarg, SV*);
        }
@@ -543,10 +616,10 @@ PP(pp_rv2hv)
        }
        else {
            GV *gv;
-           
+       
            if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVGV) {
                char *sym;
-               STRLEN n_a;
+               STRLEN len;
 
                if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
                    mg_get(sv);
@@ -558,20 +631,24 @@ PP(pp_rv2hv)
                      PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
                        DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a HASH");
                    if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
-                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNINITIALIZED, PL_warn_uninit);
+                       report_uninit();
                    if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
                        SP--;
                        RETURN;
                    }
                    RETSETUNDEF;
                }
-               sym = SvPV(sv,n_a);
+               sym = SvPV(sv,len);
                if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
                    !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
                {
                    gv = (GV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
-                   if (!gv)
+                   if (!gv
+                       && (!is_gv_magical(sym,len,0)
+                           || !(gv = (GV*)gv_fetchpv(sym, TRUE, SVt_PVHV))))
+                   {
                        RETSETUNDEF;
+                   }
                }
                else {
                    if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS)
@@ -600,15 +677,9 @@ PP(pp_rv2hv)
        dTARGET;
        if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVAV)
            hv = avhv_keys((AV*)hv);
-#ifdef IV_IS_QUAD
        if (HvFILL(hv))
-            Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ TARG, "%" PERL_PRId64 "/%" PERL_PRId64,
-                      (Quad_t)HvFILL(hv), (Quad_t)HvMAX(hv) + 1);
-#else
-       if (HvFILL(hv))
-            Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ TARG, "%ld/%ld",
-                      (long)HvFILL(hv), (long)HvMAX(hv) + 1);
-#endif
+            Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ TARG, "%"IVdf"/%"IVdf,
+                          (IV)HvFILL(hv), (IV)HvMAX(hv) + 1);
        else
            sv_setiv(TARG, 0);
        
@@ -617,6 +688,92 @@ PP(pp_rv2hv)
     }
 }
 
+STATIC int
+S_do_maybe_phash(pTHX_ AV *ary, SV **lelem, SV **firstlelem, SV **relem,
+                SV **lastrelem)
+{
+    OP *leftop;
+    I32 i;
+
+    leftop = ((BINOP*)PL_op)->op_last;
+    assert(leftop);
+    assert(leftop->op_type == OP_NULL && leftop->op_targ == OP_LIST);
+    leftop = ((LISTOP*)leftop)->op_first;
+    assert(leftop);
+    /* Skip PUSHMARK and each element already assigned to. */
+    for (i = lelem - firstlelem; i > 0; i--) {
+       leftop = leftop->op_sibling;
+       assert(leftop);
+    }
+    if (leftop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
+       return 0;
+
+    /* pseudohash */
+    if (av_len(ary) > 0)
+       av_fill(ary, 0);                /* clear all but the fields hash */
+    if (lastrelem >= relem) {
+       while (relem < lastrelem) {     /* gobble up all the rest */
+           SV *tmpstr;
+           assert(relem[0]);
+           assert(relem[1]);
+           /* Avoid a memory leak when avhv_store_ent dies. */
+           tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
+           sv_setsv(tmpstr,relem[1]);  /* value */
+           relem[1] = tmpstr;
+           if (avhv_store_ent(ary,relem[0],tmpstr,0))
+               (void)SvREFCNT_inc(tmpstr);
+           if (SvMAGICAL(ary) != 0 && SvSMAGICAL(tmpstr))
+               mg_set(tmpstr);
+           relem += 2;
+           TAINT_NOT;
+       }
+    }
+    if (relem == lastrelem)
+       return 1;
+    return 2;
+}
+
+STATIC void
+S_do_oddball(pTHX_ HV *hash, SV **relem, SV **firstrelem)
+{
+    if (*relem) {
+       SV *tmpstr;
+       if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) {
+           if (relem == firstrelem &&
+               SvROK(*relem) &&
+               (SvTYPE(SvRV(*relem)) == SVt_PVAV ||
+                SvTYPE(SvRV(*relem)) == SVt_PVHV))
+           {
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC,
+                           "Reference found where even-sized list expected");
+           }
+           else
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC,
+                           "Odd number of elements in hash assignment");
+       }
+       if (SvTYPE(hash) == SVt_PVAV) {
+           /* pseudohash */
+           tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
+           if (avhv_store_ent((AV*)hash,*relem,tmpstr,0))
+               (void)SvREFCNT_inc(tmpstr);
+           if (SvMAGICAL(hash) && SvSMAGICAL(tmpstr))
+               mg_set(tmpstr);
+       }
+       else {
+           HE *didstore;
+           tmpstr = NEWSV(29,0);
+           didstore = hv_store_ent(hash,*relem,tmpstr,0);
+           if (SvMAGICAL(hash)) {
+               if (SvSMAGICAL(tmpstr))
+                   mg_set(tmpstr);
+               if (!didstore)
+                   sv_2mortal(tmpstr);
+           }
+       }
+       TAINT_NOT;
+    }
+}
+
 PP(pp_aassign)
 {
     djSP;
@@ -642,21 +799,22 @@ PP(pp_aassign)
      * special care that assigning the identifier on the left doesn't
      * clobber a value on the right that's used later in the list.
      */
-    if (PL_op->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) {
+    if (PL_op->op_private & (OPpASSIGN_COMMON)) {
        EXTEND_MORTAL(lastrelem - firstrelem + 1);
-        for (relem = firstrelem; relem <= lastrelem; relem++) {
-            /*SUPPRESS 560*/
-            if (sv = *relem) {
+       for (relem = firstrelem; relem <= lastrelem; relem++) {
+           /*SUPPRESS 560*/
+           if ((sv = *relem)) {
                TAINT_NOT;      /* Each item is independent */
-                *relem = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
+               *relem = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
            }
-        }
+       }
     }
 
     relem = firstrelem;
     lelem = firstlelem;
     ary = Null(AV*);
     hash = Null(HV*);
+
     while (lelem <= lastlelem) {
        TAINT_NOT;              /* Each item stands on its own, taintwise. */
        sv = *lelem++;
@@ -664,7 +822,19 @@ PP(pp_aassign)
        case SVt_PVAV:
            ary = (AV*)sv;
            magic = SvMAGICAL(ary) != 0;
-           
+           if (PL_op->op_private & OPpASSIGN_HASH) {
+               switch (do_maybe_phash(ary, lelem, firstlelem, relem,
+                                      lastrelem))
+               {
+               case 0:
+                   goto normal_array;
+               case 1:
+                   do_oddball((HV*)ary, relem, firstrelem);
+               }
+               relem = lastrelem + 1;
+               break;
+           }
+       normal_array:
            av_clear(ary);
            av_extend(ary, lastrelem - relem);
            i = 0;
@@ -684,7 +854,7 @@ PP(pp_aassign)
                TAINT_NOT;
            }
            break;
-       case SVt_PVHV: {
+       case SVt_PVHV: {                                /* normal hash */
                SV *tmpstr;
 
                hash = (HV*)sv;
@@ -711,27 +881,7 @@ PP(pp_aassign)
                    TAINT_NOT;
                }
                if (relem == lastrelem) {
-                   if (*relem) {
-                       HE *didstore;
-                       if (ckWARN(WARN_UNSAFE)) {
-                           if (relem == firstrelem &&
-                               SvROK(*relem) &&
-                               ( SvTYPE(SvRV(*relem)) == SVt_PVAV ||
-                                 SvTYPE(SvRV(*relem)) == SVt_PVHV ) )
-                               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE, "Reference found where even-sized list expected");
-                           else
-                               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNSAFE, "Odd number of elements in hash assignment");
-                       }
-                       tmpstr = NEWSV(29,0);
-                       didstore = hv_store_ent(hash,*relem,tmpstr,0);
-                       if (magic) {
-                           if (SvSMAGICAL(tmpstr))
-                               mg_set(tmpstr);
-                           if (!didstore)
-                               sv_2mortal(tmpstr);
-                       }
-                       TAINT_NOT;
-                   }
+                   do_oddball(hash, relem, firstrelem);
                    relem++;
                }
            }
@@ -895,16 +1045,16 @@ PP(pp_match)
     truebase = t = s;
 
     /* XXXX What part of this is needed with true \G-support? */
-    if (global = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL) {
+    if ((global = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL)) {
        rx->startp[0] = -1;
        if (SvTYPE(TARG) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(TARG)) {
            MAGIC* mg = mg_find(TARG, 'g');
            if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0) {
                if (!(rx->reganch & ROPT_GPOS_SEEN))
-                   rx->endp[0] = rx->startp[0] = mg->mg_len; 
+                   rx->endp[0] = rx->startp[0] = mg->mg_len;
                else if (rx->reganch & ROPT_ANCH_GPOS) {
                    r_flags |= REXEC_IGNOREPOS;
-                   rx->endp[0] = rx->startp[0] = mg->mg_len; 
+                   rx->endp[0] = rx->startp[0] = mg->mg_len;
                }
                minmatch = (mg->mg_flags & MGf_MINMATCH);
                update_minmatch = 0;
@@ -914,7 +1064,7 @@ PP(pp_match)
     if ((gimme != G_ARRAY && !global && rx->nparens)
            || SvTEMP(TARG) || PL_sawampersand)
        r_flags |= REXEC_COPY_STR;
-    if (SvSCREAM(TARG)) 
+    if (SvSCREAM(TARG))
        r_flags |= REXEC_SCREAM;
 
     if (pm->op_pmflags & (PMf_MULTILINE|PMf_SINGLELINE)) {
@@ -936,10 +1086,11 @@ play_it_again:
        if (!s)
            goto nope;
        if ( (rx->reganch & ROPT_CHECK_ALL)
-            && !PL_sawampersand 
+            && !PL_sawampersand
             && ((rx->reganch & ROPT_NOSCAN)
                 || !((rx->reganch & RE_INTUIT_TAIL)
-                     && (r_flags & REXEC_SCREAM))))
+                     && (r_flags & REXEC_SCREAM)))
+            && !SvROK(TARG))   /* Cannot trust since INTUIT cannot guess ^ */
            goto yup;
     }
     if (CALLREGEXEC(aTHX_ rx, s, strend, truebase, minmatch, TARG, NULL, r_flags))
@@ -975,6 +1126,10 @@ play_it_again:
                len = rx->endp[i] - rx->startp[i];
                s = rx->startp[i] + truebase;
                sv_setpvn(*SP, s, len);
+               if ((pm->op_pmdynflags & PMdf_UTF8) && !IN_BYTE) {
+                   SvUTF8_on(*SP);
+                   sv_utf8_downgrade(*SP, TRUE);
+               }
            }
        }
        if (global) {
@@ -1027,7 +1182,7 @@ yup:                                      /* Confirmed by INTUIT */
        rx->endp[0] = s - truebase + rx->minlen;
        rx->sublen = strend - truebase;
        goto gotcha;
-    } 
+    }
     if (PL_sawampersand) {
        I32 off;
 
@@ -1041,6 +1196,7 @@ yup:                                      /* Confirmed by INTUIT */
        rx->startp[0] = s - truebase;
        rx->endp[0] = s - truebase + rx->minlen;
     }
+    rx->nparens = rx->lastparen = 0;   /* used by @- and @+ */
     LEAVE_SCOPE(oldsave);
     RETPUSHYES;
 
@@ -1072,7 +1228,7 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
     I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
     MAGIC *mg;
 
-    if (mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)PL_last_in_gv, 'q')) {
+    if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)PL_last_in_gv, 'q'))) {
        PUSHMARK(SP);
        XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)PL_last_in_gv, mg));
        PUTBACK;
@@ -1090,9 +1246,9 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
        if (!fp) {
            if (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV) {
                if (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_START) {
-                   IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_START;
                    IoLINES(io) = 0;
                    if (av_len(GvAVn(PL_last_in_gv)) < 0) {
+                       IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_START;
                        do_open(PL_last_in_gv,"-",1,FALSE,O_RDONLY,0,Nullfp);
                        sv_setpvn(GvSV(PL_last_in_gv), "-", 1);
                        SvSETMAGIC(GvSV(PL_last_in_gv));
@@ -1103,7 +1259,6 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
                fp = nextargv(PL_last_in_gv);
                if (!fp) { /* Note: fp != IoIFP(io) */
                    (void)do_close(PL_last_in_gv, FALSE); /* now it does*/
-                   IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_START;
                }
            }
            else if (type == OP_GLOB) {
@@ -1188,13 +1343,18 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
                        }
                        else {
                           PerlIO_rewind(tmpfp);
-                          IoTYPE(io) = '<';
+                          IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
                           IoIFP(io) = fp = tmpfp;
                           IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_UNTAINT;  /* maybe redundant */
                        }
                    }
                }
 #else /* !VMS */
+#ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
+               sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "glob ");
+               sv_catsv(tmpcmd, tmpglob);
+               sv_catpv(tmpcmd, " |");
+#else
 #ifdef DOSISH
 #ifdef OS2
                sv_setpv(tmpcmd, "for a in ");
@@ -1226,6 +1386,7 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
 #endif
 #endif /* !CSH */
 #endif /* !DOSISH */
+#endif /* MACOS_TRADITIONAL */
                (void)do_open(PL_last_in_gv, SvPVX(tmpcmd), SvCUR(tmpcmd),
                              FALSE, O_RDONLY, 0, Nullfp);
                fp = IoIFP(io);
@@ -1236,28 +1397,33 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
        else if (type == OP_GLOB)
            SP--;
        else if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)        /* stdout/stderr or other write fh */
-                && (IoTYPE(io) == '>' || fp == PerlIO_stdout()
+                && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY || fp == PerlIO_stdout()
                     || fp == PerlIO_stderr()))
        {
-           SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
-           gv_efullname3(sv, PL_last_in_gv, Nullch);
-           Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO, "Filehandle %s opened only for output",
-                       SvPV_nolen(sv));
+           /* integrate with report_evil_fh()? */
+           char *name = NULL;
+           if (isGV(PL_last_in_gv)) { /* can this ever fail? */
+               SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
+               gv_efullname4(sv, PL_last_in_gv, Nullch, FALSE);
+               name = SvPV_nolen(sv);
+           }
+           if (name && *name)
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO,
+                           "Filehandle %s opened only for output", name);
+           else
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO,
+                           "Filehandle opened only for output");
        }
     }
     if (!fp) {
-       if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED) && io && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_START)) {
+       if (ckWARN2(WARN_GLOB, WARN_CLOSED)
+               && (!io || !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_START))) {
            if (type == OP_GLOB)
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_CLOSED,
+               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_GLOB,
                            "glob failed (can't start child: %s)",
                            Strerror(errno));
-           else {
-               SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
-               gv_efullname3(sv, PL_last_in_gv, Nullch);
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_CLOSED,
-                           "Read on closed filehandle %s",
-                           SvPV_nolen(sv));
-           }
+           else
+               report_evil_fh(PL_last_in_gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
        }
        if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
            (void)SvOK_off(TARG);
@@ -1284,12 +1450,10 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
        offset = 0;
     }
 
-/* flip-flop EOF state for a snarfed empty file */
+/* delay EOF state for a snarfed empty file */
 #define SNARF_EOF(gimme,rs,io,sv) \
-    ((gimme != G_SCALAR || SvCUR(sv)                                   \
-      || (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_NOLINE) || IoLINES(io) || !RsSNARF(rs))    \
-       ? ((IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_NOLINE), TRUE)                          \
-       : ((IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_NOLINE), FALSE))
+    (gimme != G_SCALAR || SvCUR(sv)                                    \
+     || (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_NOLINE) || !RsSNARF(rs))
 
     for (;;) {
        if (!sv_gets(sv, fp, offset)
@@ -1301,13 +1465,12 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
                if (fp)
                    continue;
                (void)do_close(PL_last_in_gv, FALSE);
-               IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_START;
            }
            else if (type == OP_GLOB) {
-               if (!do_close(PL_last_in_gv, FALSE) && ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED)) {
-                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_CLOSED,
+               if (!do_close(PL_last_in_gv, FALSE) && ckWARN(WARN_GLOB)) {
+                   Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_GLOB,
                           "glob failed (child exited with status %d%s)",
-                          STATUS_CURRENT >> 8,
+                          (int)(STATUS_CURRENT >> 8),
                           (STATUS_CURRENT & 0x80) ? ", core dumped" : "");
                }
            }
@@ -1323,6 +1486,7 @@ Perl_do_readline(pTHX)
            SvTAINTED_on(sv);
        }
        IoLINES(io)++;
+       IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_NOLINE;
        SvSETMAGIC(sv);
        XPUSHs(sv);
        if (type == OP_GLOB) {
@@ -1395,15 +1559,16 @@ PP(pp_helem)
     U32 lval = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
     U32 defer = PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_DEFER;
     SV *sv;
+    U32 hash = (SvFAKE(keysv) && SvREADONLY(keysv)) ? SvUVX(keysv) : 0;
 
     if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
-       he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, lval && !defer, 0);
+       he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, lval && !defer, hash);
        svp = he ? &HeVAL(he) : 0;
     }
     else if (SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVAV) {
        if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
            DIE(aTHX_ "Can't localize pseudo-hash element");
-       svp = avhv_fetch_ent((AV*)hv, keysv, lval && !defer, 0);
+       svp = avhv_fetch_ent((AV*)hv, keysv, lval && !defer, hash);
     }
     else {
        RETPUSHUNDEF;
@@ -1510,12 +1675,14 @@ PP(pp_iter)
     register PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
     SV* sv;
     AV* av;
+    SV **itersvp;
 
     EXTEND(SP, 1);
     cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
     if (CxTYPE(cx) != CXt_LOOP)
        DIE(aTHX_ "panic: pp_iter");
 
+    itersvp = CxITERVAR(cx);
     av = cx->blk_loop.iterary;
     if (SvTYPE(av) != SVt_PVAV) {
        /* iterate ($min .. $max) */
@@ -1526,20 +1693,18 @@ PP(pp_iter)
            char *max = SvPV((SV*)av, maxlen);
            if (!SvNIOK(cur) && SvCUR(cur) <= maxlen) {
 #ifndef USE_THREADS                      /* don't risk potential race */
-               if (SvREFCNT(*cx->blk_loop.itervar) == 1
-                   && !SvMAGICAL(*cx->blk_loop.itervar))
-               {
+               if (SvREFCNT(*itersvp) == 1 && !SvMAGICAL(*itersvp)) {
                    /* safe to reuse old SV */
-                   sv_setsv(*cx->blk_loop.itervar, cur);
+                   sv_setsv(*itersvp, cur);
                }
-               else 
+               else
 #endif
                {
                    /* we need a fresh SV every time so that loop body sees a
                     * completely new SV for closures/references to work as
                     * they used to */
-                   SvREFCNT_dec(*cx->blk_loop.itervar);
-                   *cx->blk_loop.itervar = newSVsv(cur);
+                   SvREFCNT_dec(*itersvp);
+                   *itersvp = newSVsv(cur);
                }
                if (strEQ(SvPVX(cur), max))
                    sv_setiv(cur, 0); /* terminate next time */
@@ -1554,20 +1719,18 @@ PP(pp_iter)
            RETPUSHNO;
 
 #ifndef USE_THREADS                      /* don't risk potential race */
-       if (SvREFCNT(*cx->blk_loop.itervar) == 1
-           && !SvMAGICAL(*cx->blk_loop.itervar))
-       {
+       if (SvREFCNT(*itersvp) == 1 && !SvMAGICAL(*itersvp)) {
            /* safe to reuse old SV */
-           sv_setiv(*cx->blk_loop.itervar, cx->blk_loop.iterix++);
+           sv_setiv(*itersvp, cx->blk_loop.iterix++);
        }
-       else 
+       else
 #endif
        {
            /* we need a fresh SV every time so that loop body sees a
             * completely new SV for closures/references to work as they
             * used to */
-           SvREFCNT_dec(*cx->blk_loop.itervar);
-           *cx->blk_loop.itervar = newSViv(cx->blk_loop.iterix++);
+           SvREFCNT_dec(*itersvp);
+           *itersvp = newSViv(cx->blk_loop.iterix++);
        }
        RETPUSHYES;
     }
@@ -1576,11 +1739,11 @@ PP(pp_iter)
     if (cx->blk_loop.iterix >= (av == PL_curstack ? cx->blk_oldsp : AvFILL(av)))
        RETPUSHNO;
 
-    SvREFCNT_dec(*cx->blk_loop.itervar);
+    SvREFCNT_dec(*itersvp);
 
-    if (sv = (SvMAGICAL(av)) 
-           ? *av_fetch(av, ++cx->blk_loop.iterix, FALSE) 
-           : AvARRAY(av)[++cx->blk_loop.iterix])
+    if ((sv = SvMAGICAL(av)
+             ? *av_fetch(av, ++cx->blk_loop.iterix, FALSE)
+             : AvARRAY(av)[++cx->blk_loop.iterix]))
        SvTEMP_off(sv);
     else
        sv = &PL_sv_undef;
@@ -1604,7 +1767,7 @@ PP(pp_iter)
        sv = (SV*)lv;
     }
 
-    *cx->blk_loop.itervar = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
+    *itersvp = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
     RETPUSHYES;
 }
 
@@ -1631,7 +1794,6 @@ PP(pp_subst)
     STRLEN len;
     int force_on_match = 0;
     I32 oldsave = PL_savestack_ix;
-    I32 update_minmatch = 1;
 
     /* known replacement string? */
     dstr = (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_CONST) ? POPs : Nullsv;
@@ -1640,7 +1802,9 @@ PP(pp_subst)
     else {
        TARG = DEFSV;
        EXTEND(SP,1);
-    }                  
+    }
+    if (SvFAKE(TARG) && SvREADONLY(TARG))
+       sv_force_normal(TARG);
     if (SvREADONLY(TARG)
        || (SvTYPE(TARG) > SVt_PVLV
            && !(SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVGV && SvFAKE(TARG))))
@@ -1661,7 +1825,7 @@ PP(pp_subst)
        DIE(aTHX_ "panic: do_subst");
 
     strend = s + len;
-    maxiters = 2*(strend - s) + 10;    /* We can match twice at each 
+    maxiters = 2*(strend - s) + 10;    /* We can match twice at each
                                           position, once with zero-length,
                                           second time with non-zero. */
 
@@ -1685,7 +1849,7 @@ PP(pp_subst)
            goto nope;
        /* How to do it in subst? */
 /*     if ( (rx->reganch & ROPT_CHECK_ALL)
-            && !PL_sawampersand 
+            && !PL_sawampersand
             && ((rx->reganch & ROPT_NOSCAN)
                 || !((rx->reganch & RE_INTUIT_TAIL)
                      && (r_flags & REXEC_SCREAM))))
@@ -1737,7 +1901,7 @@ PP(pp_subst)
                SvCUR_set(TARG, m - s);
            }
            /*SUPPRESS 560*/
-           else if (i = m - s) {       /* faster from front */
+           else if ((i = m - s)) {     /* faster from front */
                d -= clen;
                m = d;
                sv_chop(TARG, d-i);
@@ -1766,7 +1930,7 @@ PP(pp_subst)
                rxtainted |= RX_MATCH_TAINTED(rx);
                m = rx->startp[0] + orig;
                /*SUPPRESS 560*/
-               if (i = m - s) {
+               if ((i = m - s)) {
                    if (s != d)
                        Move(s, d, i, char);
                    d += i;
@@ -1789,7 +1953,7 @@ PP(pp_subst)
            SPAGAIN;
            PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv((I32)iters)));
        }
-       (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
+       (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
        TAINT_IF(rxtainted);
        if (SvSMAGICAL(TARG)) {
            PUTBACK;
@@ -1863,7 +2027,7 @@ PP(pp_subst)
     goto ret_no;
 
 nope:
-ret_no:         
+ret_no:
     SPAGAIN;
     PUSHs(&PL_sv_no);
     LEAVE_SCOPE(oldsave);
@@ -1901,7 +2065,7 @@ PP(pp_grepwhile)
        SV *src;
 
        ENTER;                                  /* enter inner scope */
-       SAVESPTR(PL_curpm);
+       SAVEVPTR(PL_curpm);
 
        src = PL_stack_base[*PL_markstack_ptr];
        SvTEMP_off(src);
@@ -1919,24 +2083,25 @@ PP(pp_leavesub)
     PMOP *newpm;
     I32 gimme;
     register PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
-    struct block_sub cxsub;
+    SV *sv;
 
     POPBLOCK(cx,newpm);
-    POPSUB1(cx);       /* Delay POPSUB2 until stack values are safe */
+
     TAINT_NOT;
     if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
        MARK = newsp + 1;
        if (MARK <= SP) {
-           if (cxsub.cv && CvDEPTH(cxsub.cv) > 1) {
+           if (cx->blk_sub.cv && CvDEPTH(cx->blk_sub.cv) > 1) {
                if (SvTEMP(TOPs)) {
                    *MARK = SvREFCNT_inc(TOPs);
                    FREETMPS;
                    sv_2mortal(*MARK);
                }
                else {
+                   sv = SvREFCNT_inc(TOPs);    /* FREETMPS could clobber it */
                    FREETMPS;
-                   *MARK = sv_mortalcopy(TOPs);
+                   *MARK = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
+                   SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
                }
            }
            else
@@ -1957,11 +2122,12 @@ PP(pp_leavesub)
        }
     }
     PUTBACK;
-    
-    POPSUB2();         /* Stack values are safe: release CV and @_ ... */
+
+    POPSUB(cx,sv);     /* Stack values are safe: release CV and @_ ... */
     PL_curpm = newpm;  /* ... and pop $1 et al */
 
     LEAVE;
+    LEAVESUB(sv);
     return pop_return();
 }
 
@@ -1975,11 +2141,10 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
     PMOP *newpm;
     I32 gimme;
     register PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
-    struct block_sub cxsub;
+    SV *sv;
 
     POPBLOCK(cx,newpm);
-    POPSUB1(cx);       /* Delay POPSUB2 until stack values are safe */
+
     TAINT_NOT;
 
     if (cx->blk_sub.lval & OPpENTERSUB_INARGS) {
@@ -1993,7 +2158,7 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
        if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
            goto temporise;
        if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
-           if (!CvLVALUE(cxsub.cv))
+           if (!CvLVALUE(cx->blk_sub.cv))
                goto temporise_array;
            EXTEND_MORTAL(SP - newsp);
            for (mark = newsp + 1; mark <= SP; mark++) {
@@ -2004,7 +2169,7 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
                else {
                    /* Can be a localized value subject to deletion. */
                    PL_tmps_stack[++PL_tmps_ix] = *mark;
-                   SvREFCNT_inc(*mark);
+                   (void)SvREFCNT_inc(*mark);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -2013,9 +2178,11 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
        /* Here we go for robustness, not for speed, so we change all
         * the refcounts so the caller gets a live guy. Cannot set
         * TEMP, so sv_2mortal is out of question. */
-       if (!CvLVALUE(cxsub.cv)) {
-           POPSUB2();
+       if (!CvLVALUE(cx->blk_sub.cv)) {
+           POPSUB(cx,sv);
            PL_curpm = newpm;
+           LEAVE;
+           LEAVESUB(sv);
            DIE(aTHX_ "Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call");
        }
        if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
@@ -2023,20 +2190,24 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
            EXTEND_MORTAL(1);
            if (MARK == SP) {
                if (SvFLAGS(TOPs) & (SVs_TEMP | SVs_PADTMP | SVf_READONLY)) {
-                   POPSUB2();
+                   POPSUB(cx,sv);
                    PL_curpm = newpm;
+                   LEAVE;
+                   LEAVESUB(sv);
                    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't return a %s from lvalue subroutine",
                        SvREADONLY(TOPs) ? "readonly value" : "temporary");
                }
                else {                  /* Can be a localized value
                                         * subject to deletion. */
                    PL_tmps_stack[++PL_tmps_ix] = *mark;
-                   SvREFCNT_inc(*mark);
+                   (void)SvREFCNT_inc(*mark);
                }
            }
            else {                      /* Should not happen? */
-               POPSUB2();
+               POPSUB(cx,sv);
                PL_curpm = newpm;
+               LEAVE;
+               LEAVESUB(sv);
                DIE(aTHX_ "%s returned from lvalue subroutine in scalar context",
                    (MARK > SP ? "Empty array" : "Array"));
            }
@@ -2048,8 +2219,10 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
                if (SvFLAGS(*mark) & (SVs_TEMP | SVs_PADTMP | SVf_READONLY)) {
                    /* Might be flattened array after $#array =  */
                    PUTBACK;
-                   POPSUB2();
+                   POPSUB(cx,sv);
                    PL_curpm = newpm;
+                   LEAVE;
+                   LEAVESUB(sv);
                    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine",
                        (*mark != &PL_sv_undef)
                        ? (SvREADONLY(TOPs)
@@ -2057,10 +2230,9 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
                        : "an uninitialized value");
                }
                else {
-                   mortalize:
                    /* Can be a localized value subject to deletion. */
                    PL_tmps_stack[++PL_tmps_ix] = *mark;
-                   SvREFCNT_inc(*mark);
+                   (void)SvREFCNT_inc(*mark);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -2070,15 +2242,17 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
          temporise:
            MARK = newsp + 1;
            if (MARK <= SP) {
-               if (cxsub.cv && CvDEPTH(cxsub.cv) > 1) {
+               if (cx->blk_sub.cv && CvDEPTH(cx->blk_sub.cv) > 1) {
                    if (SvTEMP(TOPs)) {
                        *MARK = SvREFCNT_inc(TOPs);
                        FREETMPS;
                        sv_2mortal(*MARK);
                    }
                    else {
+                       sv = SvREFCNT_inc(TOPs); /* FREETMPS could clobber it */
                        FREETMPS;
-                       *MARK = sv_mortalcopy(TOPs);
+                       *MARK = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
+                       SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
                    }
                }
                else
@@ -2101,11 +2275,12 @@ PP(pp_leavesublv)
        }
     }
     PUTBACK;
-    
-    POPSUB2();         /* Stack values are safe: release CV and @_ ... */
+
+    POPSUB(cx,sv);     /* Stack values are safe: release CV and @_ ... */
     PL_curpm = newpm;  /* ... and pop $1 et al */
 
     LEAVE;
+    LEAVESUB(sv);
     return pop_return();
 }
 
@@ -2121,21 +2296,23 @@ S_get_db_sub(pTHX_ SV **svp, CV *cv)
 
        save_item(dbsv);
        if ( (CvFLAGS(cv) & (CVf_ANON | CVf_CLONED))
-            || strEQ(GvNAME(gv), "END") 
+            || strEQ(GvNAME(gv), "END")
             || ((GvCV(gv) != cv) && /* Could be imported, and old sub redefined. */
                 !( (SvTYPE(*svp) == SVt_PVGV) && (GvCV((GV*)*svp) == cv)
                    && (gv = (GV*)*svp) ))) {
            /* Use GV from the stack as a fallback. */
            /* GV is potentially non-unique, or contain different CV. */
-           sv_setsv(dbsv, newRV((SV*)cv));
+           SV *tmp = newRV((SV*)cv);
+           sv_setsv(dbsv, tmp);
+           SvREFCNT_dec(tmp);
        }
        else {
            gv_efullname3(dbsv, gv, Nullch);
        }
     }
     else {
-       SvUPGRADE(dbsv, SVt_PVIV);
-       SvIOK_on(dbsv);
+       (void)SvUPGRADE(dbsv, SVt_PVIV);
+       (void)SvIOK_on(dbsv);
        SAVEIV(SvIVX(dbsv));
        SvIVX(dbsv) = PTR2IV(cv);       /* Do it the quickest way  */
     }
@@ -2293,10 +2470,10 @@ try_autoload:
            while (MgOWNER(mg))
                COND_WAIT(MgOWNERCONDP(mg), MgMUTEXP(mg));
            MgOWNER(mg) = thr;
-           DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "%p: pp_entersub lock %p\n",
+           DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%p: pp_entersub lock %p\n",
                                  thr, sv);)
            MUTEX_UNLOCK(MgMUTEXP(mg));
-           SAVEDESTRUCTOR(Perl_unlock_condpair, sv);
+           SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(Perl_unlock_condpair, sv);
        }
        MUTEX_LOCK(CvMUTEXP(cv));
     }
@@ -2335,13 +2512,13 @@ try_autoload:
            /* We already have a clone to use */
            MUTEX_UNLOCK(CvMUTEXP(cv));
            cv = *(CV**)svp;
-           DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
+           DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                                  "entersub: %p already has clone %p:%s\n",
                                  thr, cv, SvPEEK((SV*)cv)));
            CvOWNER(cv) = thr;
            SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
            if (CvDEPTH(cv) == 0)
-               SAVEDESTRUCTOR(unset_cvowner, (void*) cv);
+               SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(unset_cvowner, (void*) cv);
        }
        else {
            /* (2) => grab ownership of cv. (3) => make clone */
@@ -2349,7 +2526,7 @@ try_autoload:
                CvOWNER(cv) = thr;
                SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
                MUTEX_UNLOCK(CvMUTEXP(cv));
-               DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
+               DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                            "entersub: %p grabbing %p:%s in stash %s\n",
                            thr, cv, SvPEEK((SV*)cv), CvSTASH(cv) ?
                                HvNAME(CvSTASH(cv)) : "(none)"));
@@ -2359,7 +2536,7 @@ try_autoload:
                CV *clonecv;
                SvREFCNT_inc(cv); /* don't let it vanish from under us */
                MUTEX_UNLOCK(CvMUTEXP(cv));
-               DEBUG_S((PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
+               DEBUG_S((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                                       "entersub: %p cloning %p:%s\n",
                                       thr, cv, SvPEEK((SV*)cv))));
                /*
@@ -2377,9 +2554,9 @@ try_autoload:
                SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
            }
            DEBUG_S(if (CvDEPTH(cv) != 0)
-                       PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "depth %ld != 0\n",
+                       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "depth %ld != 0\n",
                                      CvDEPTH(cv)););
-           SAVEDESTRUCTOR(unset_cvowner, (void*) cv);
+           SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(unset_cvowner, (void*) cv);
        }
     }
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
@@ -2396,8 +2573,8 @@ try_autoload:
                SP--;
            }
            PL_stack_sp = mark + 1;
-           fp3 = (I32(*)(int,int,int)))CvXSUB(cv;
-           items = (*fp3)(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_i32, 
+           fp3 = (I32(*)(int,int,int))CvXSUB(cv);
+           items = (*fp3)(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_i32,
                           MARK - PL_stack_base + 1,
                           items);
            PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + items;
@@ -2427,12 +2604,12 @@ try_autoload:
                    EXTEND(SP, items);
                    Copy(AvARRAY(av), SP + 1, items, SV*);
                    SP += items;
-                   PUTBACK ;               
+                   PUTBACK ;           
                }
            }
            /* We assume first XSUB in &DB::sub is the called one. */
            if (PL_curcopdb) {
-               SAVESPTR(PL_curcop);
+               SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
                PL_curcop = PL_curcopdb;
                PL_curcopdb = NULL;
            }
@@ -2468,14 +2645,16 @@ try_autoload:
        if (CvDEPTH(cv) < 2)
            (void)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
        else {  /* save temporaries on recursion? */
+           PERL_STACK_OVERFLOW_CHECK();
            if (CvDEPTH(cv) > AvFILLp(padlist)) {
                AV *av;
                AV *newpad = newAV();
                SV **oldpad = AvARRAY(svp[CvDEPTH(cv)-1]);
                I32 ix = AvFILLp((AV*)svp[1]);
+               I32 names_fill = AvFILLp((AV*)svp[0]);
                svp = AvARRAY(svp[0]);
                for ( ;ix > 0; ix--) {
-                   if (svp[ix] != &PL_sv_undef) {
+                   if (names_fill >= ix && svp[ix] != &PL_sv_undef) {
                        char *name = SvPVX(svp[ix]);
                        if ((SvFLAGS(svp[ix]) & SVf_FAKE) /* outer lexical? */
                            || *name == '&')              /* anonymous code? */
@@ -2492,6 +2671,9 @@ try_autoload:
                            SvPADMY_on(sv);
                        }
                    }
+                   else if (IS_PADGV(oldpad[ix]) || IS_PADCONST(oldpad[ix])) {
+                       av_store(newpad, ix, sv = SvREFCNT_inc(oldpad[ix]));
+                   }
                    else {
                        av_store(newpad, ix, sv = NEWSV(0,0));
                        SvPADTMP_on(sv);
@@ -2516,11 +2698,11 @@ try_autoload:
                EXTEND(SP, items);
                Copy(AvARRAY(av), SP + 1, items, SV*);
                SP += items;
-               PUTBACK ;                   
+               PUTBACK ;               
            }
        }
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */               
-       SAVESPTR(PL_curpad);
+       SAVEVPTR(PL_curpad);
        PL_curpad = AvARRAY((AV*)svp[CvDEPTH(cv)]);
 #ifndef USE_THREADS
        if (hasargs)
@@ -2530,15 +2712,22 @@ try_autoload:
            SV** ary;
 
 #if 0
-           DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
+           DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                                  "%p entersub preparing @_\n", thr));
 #endif
            av = (AV*)PL_curpad[0];
-           assert(!AvREAL(av));
+           if (AvREAL(av)) {
+               /* @_ is normally not REAL--this should only ever
+                * happen when DB::sub() calls things that modify @_ */
+               av_clear(av);
+               AvREAL_off(av);
+               AvREIFY_on(av);
+           }
 #ifndef USE_THREADS
            cx->blk_sub.savearray = GvAV(PL_defgv);
            GvAV(PL_defgv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
 #endif /* USE_THREADS */
+           cx->blk_sub.oldcurpad = PL_curpad;
            cx->blk_sub.argarray = av;
            ++MARK;
 
@@ -2557,7 +2746,7 @@ try_autoload:
            }
            Copy(MARK,AvARRAY(av),items,SV*);
            AvFILLp(av) = items - 1;
-           
+       
            while (items--) {
                if (*MARK)
                    SvTEMP_off(*MARK);
@@ -2572,7 +2761,7 @@ try_autoload:
            && !(PERLDB_SUB && cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub)))
            sub_crush_depth(cv);
 #if 0
-       DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
+       DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
                              "%p entersub returning %p\n", thr, CvSTART(cv)));
 #endif
        RETURNOP(CvSTART(cv));
@@ -2587,7 +2776,7 @@ Perl_sub_crush_depth(pTHX_ CV *cv)
     else {
        SV* tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
        gv_efullname3(tmpstr, CvGV(cv), Nullch);
-       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_RECURSION, "Deep recursion on subroutine \"%s\"", 
+       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_RECURSION, "Deep recursion on subroutine \"%s\"",
                SvPVX(tmpstr));
     }
 }
@@ -2596,7 +2785,7 @@ PP(pp_aelem)
 {
     djSP;
     SV** svp;
-    I32 elem = POPi;
+    IV elem = POPi;
     AV* av = (AV*)POPs;
     U32 lval = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
     U32 defer = (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_DEFER) && (elem > AvFILL(av));
@@ -2695,7 +2884,6 @@ PP(pp_method_named)
 STATIC SV *
 S_method_common(pTHX_ SV* meth, U32* hashp)
 {
-    djSP;
     SV* sv;
     SV* ob;
     GV* gv;
@@ -2708,6 +2896,9 @@ S_method_common(pTHX_ SV* meth, U32* hashp)
     name = SvPV(meth, namelen);
     sv = *(PL_stack_base + TOPMARK + 1);
 
+    if (!sv)
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't call method \"%s\" on an undefined value", name);
+
     if (SvGMAGICAL(sv))
         mg_get(sv);
     if (SvROK(sv))
@@ -2721,8 +2912,8 @@ S_method_common(pTHX_ SV* meth, U32* hashp)
            !(iogv = gv_fetchpv(packname, FALSE, SVt_PVIO)) ||
            !(ob=(SV*)GvIO(iogv)))
        {
-           if (!packname || 
-               ((*(U8*)packname >= 0xc0 && IN_UTF8)
+           if (!packname ||
+               ((*(U8*)packname >= 0xc0 && DO_UTF8(sv))
                    ? !isIDFIRST_utf8((U8*)packname)
                    : !isIDFIRST(*packname)
                ))
@@ -2737,9 +2928,13 @@ S_method_common(pTHX_ SV* meth, U32* hashp)
        *(PL_stack_base + TOPMARK + 1) = sv_2mortal(newRV((SV*)iogv));
     }
 
-    if (!ob || !SvOBJECT(ob))
+    if (!ob || !(SvOBJECT(ob)
+                || (SvTYPE(ob) == SVt_PVGV && (ob = (SV*)GvIO((GV*)ob))
+                    && SvOBJECT(ob))))
+    {
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't call method \"%s\" on unblessed reference",
                   name);
+    }
 
     stash = SvSTASH(ob);
 
@@ -2760,6 +2955,7 @@ S_method_common(pTHX_ SV* meth, U32* hashp)
        char* leaf = name;
        char* sep = Nullch;
        char* p;
+       GV* gv;
 
        for (p = name; *p; p++) {
            if (*p == '\'')
@@ -2768,16 +2964,25 @@ S_method_common(pTHX_ SV* meth, U32* hashp)
                sep = p, leaf = p + 2;
        }
        if (!sep || ((sep - name) == 5 && strnEQ(name, "SUPER", 5))) {
-           packname = HvNAME(sep ? PL_curcop->cop_stash : stash);
+           packname = sep ? CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop) : HvNAME(stash);
            packlen = strlen(packname);
        }
        else {
            packname = name;
            packlen = sep - name;
        }
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_
-                  "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"",
-                  leaf, packname);
+       gv = gv_fetchpv(packname, 0, SVt_PVHV);
+       if (gv && isGV(gv)) {
+           Perl_croak(aTHX_
+                      "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"",
+                      leaf, packname);
+       }
+       else {
+           Perl_croak(aTHX_
+                      "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\""
+                      " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%s\"?)",
+                      leaf, packname, packname);
+       }
     }
     return isGV(gv) ? (SV*)GvCV(gv) : (SV*)gv;
 }
@@ -2791,11 +2996,11 @@ unset_cvowner(pTHXo_ void *cvarg)
     dTHR;
 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
 
-    DEBUG_S((PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "%p unsetting CvOWNER of %p:%s\n",
+    DEBUG_S((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%p unsetting CvOWNER of %p:%s\n",
                           thr, cv, SvPEEK((SV*)cv))));
     MUTEX_LOCK(CvMUTEXP(cv));
     DEBUG_S(if (CvDEPTH(cv) != 0)
-               PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "depth %ld != 0\n",
+               PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "depth %ld != 0\n",
                              CvDEPTH(cv)););
     assert(thr == CvOWNER(cv));
     CvOWNER(cv) = 0;