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Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to "vec"
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index 3b26946..36f5aff 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
     char       *parse;                 /* Input-scan pointer. */
     char        *copy_start;            /* start of copy of input within
                                            constructed parse string */
+    char        *save_copy_start;       /* Provides one level of saving
+                                           and restoring 'copy_start' */
     char        *copy_start_in_input;   /* Position in input string
                                            corresponding to copy_start */
     SSize_t    whilem_seen;            /* number of WHILEM in this expr */
@@ -163,6 +165,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
     I32                seen_zerolen;
     regnode_offset *open_parens;       /* offsets to open parens */
     regnode_offset *close_parens;      /* offsets to close parens */
+    I32      parens_buf_size;           /* #slots malloced open/close_parens */
     regnode     *end_op;                /* END node in program */
     I32                utf8;           /* whether the pattern is utf8 or not */
     I32                orig_utf8;      /* whether the pattern was originally in utf8 */
@@ -193,6 +196,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
     scan_frame *frame_last;
     U32         frame_count;
     AV         *warn_text;
+    HV         *unlexed_names;
 #ifdef ADD_TO_REGEXEC
     char       *starttry;              /* -Dr: where regtry was called. */
 #define RExC_starttry  (pRExC_state->starttry)
@@ -227,6 +231,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
 #define RExC_precomp   (pRExC_state->precomp)
 #define RExC_copy_start_in_input (pRExC_state->copy_start_in_input)
 #define RExC_copy_start_in_constructed  (pRExC_state->copy_start)
+#define RExC_save_copy_start_in_constructed  (pRExC_state->save_copy_start)
 #define RExC_precomp_end (pRExC_state->precomp_end)
 #define RExC_rx_sv     (pRExC_state->rx_sv)
 #define RExC_rx                (pRExC_state->rx)
@@ -252,6 +257,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
 #define RExC_maxlen        (pRExC_state->maxlen)
 #define RExC_npar      (pRExC_state->npar)
 #define RExC_total_parens      (pRExC_state->total_par)
+#define RExC_parens_buf_size   (pRExC_state->parens_buf_size)
 #define RExC_nestroot   (pRExC_state->nestroot)
 #define RExC_seen_zerolen      (pRExC_state->seen_zerolen)
 #define RExC_utf8      (pRExC_state->utf8)
@@ -280,6 +286,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
 #define RExC_warn_text (pRExC_state->warn_text)
 #define RExC_in_script_run      (pRExC_state->in_script_run)
 #define RExC_use_BRANCHJ        (pRExC_state->use_BRANCHJ)
+#define RExC_unlexed_names (pRExC_state->unlexed_names)
 
 /* Heuristic check on the complexity of the pattern: if TOO_NAUGHTY, we set
  * a flag to disable back-off on the fixed/floating substrings - if it's
@@ -351,7 +358,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
             if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {                                        \
                 set_regex_charset(&RExC_flags, REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);      \
                 RExC_uni_semantics = 1;                                     \
-                if (RExC_seen_d_op && LIKELY(RExC_total_parens >= 0)) {     \
+                if (RExC_seen_d_op && LIKELY(! IN_PARENS_PASS)) {           \
                     /* No need to restart the parse if we haven't seen      \
                      * anything that differs between /u and /d, and no need \
                      * to restart immediately if we're going to reparse     \
@@ -362,11 +369,10 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
             }                                                               \
     } STMT_END
 
-#define BRANCH_MAX_OFFSET   U16_MAX
 #define REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, restart_retval)                              \
     STMT_START {                                                            \
                 RExC_use_BRANCHJ = 1;                                       \
-                if (LIKELY(RExC_total_parens >= 0)) {                       \
+                if (LIKELY(! IN_PARENS_PASS)) {                             \
                     /* No need to restart the parse immediately if we're    \
                      * going to reparse anyway to count parens */           \
                     *flagp |= RESTART_PARSE;                                \
@@ -374,10 +380,19 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
                 }                                                           \
     } STMT_END
 
+/* Until we have completed the parse, we leave RExC_total_parens at 0 or
+ * less.  After that, it must always be positive, because the whole re is
+ * considered to be surrounded by virtual parens.  Setting it to negative
+ * indicates there is some construct that needs to know the actual number of
+ * parens to be properly handled.  And that means an extra pass will be
+ * required after we've counted them all */
+#define ALL_PARENS_COUNTED (RExC_total_parens > 0)
 #define REQUIRE_PARENS_PASS                                                 \
-    STMT_START {                                                            \
-                    if (RExC_total_parens == 0) RExC_total_parens = -1;     \
+    STMT_START {  /* No-op if have completed a pass */                      \
+                    if (! ALL_PARENS_COUNTED) RExC_total_parens = -1;       \
     } STMT_END
+#define IN_PARENS_PASS (RExC_total_parens < 0)
+
 
 /* This is used to return failure (zero) early from the calling function if
  * various flags in 'flags' are set.  Two flags always cause a return:
@@ -694,7 +709,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
 
 /* Used to point after bad bytes for an error message, but avoid skipping
  * past a nul byte. */
-#define SKIP_IF_CHAR(s) (!*(s) ? 0 : UTF ? UTF8SKIP(s) : 1)
+#define SKIP_IF_CHAR(s, e) (!*(s) ? 0 : UTF ? UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(s, e) : 1)
 
 /* Set up to clean up after our imminent demise */
 #define PREPARE_TO_DIE                                                      \
@@ -809,8 +824,13 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
 } STMT_END
 
 /* Setting this to NULL is a signal to not output warnings */
-#define TURN_OFF_WARNINGS_IN_SUBSTITUTE_PARSE RExC_copy_start_in_constructed = NULL
-#define RESTORE_WARNINGS RExC_copy_start_in_constructed = RExC_precomp
+#define TURN_OFF_WARNINGS_IN_SUBSTITUTE_PARSE                               \
+    STMT_START {                                                            \
+      RExC_save_copy_start_in_constructed  = RExC_copy_start_in_constructed;\
+      RExC_copy_start_in_constructed = NULL;                                \
+    } STMT_END
+#define RESTORE_WARNINGS                                                    \
+    RExC_copy_start_in_constructed = RExC_save_copy_start_in_constructed
 
 /* Since a warning can be generated multiple times as the input is reparsed, we
  * output it the first time we come to that point in the parse, but suppress it
@@ -1562,6 +1582,7 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     unsigned int i;
     const U32 n = ARG(node);
     bool new_node_has_latin1 = FALSE;
+    const U8 flags = OP(node) == ANYOFH ? 0 : ANYOF_FLAGS(node);
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_ANYOF_CP_LIST_FOR_SSC;
 
@@ -1586,7 +1607,7 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
         }
 
         /* Get the code points valid only under UTF-8 locales */
-        if (   (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOFL_FOLD)
+        if (   (flags & ANYOFL_FOLD)
             &&  av_tindex_skip_len_mg(av) >= ONLY_LOCALE_MATCHES_INDEX)
         {
             only_utf8_locale_invlist = ary[ONLY_LOCALE_MATCHES_INDEX];
@@ -1607,7 +1628,7 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
      * actually does include them.  (Think about "\xe0" =~ /[^\xc0]/di;).  We
      * have to do this here before we add the unconditionally matched code
      * points */
-    if (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_INVERT) {
+    if (flags & ANYOF_INVERT) {
         _invlist_intersection_complement_2nd(invlist,
                                              PL_UpperLatin1,
                                              &invlist);
@@ -1634,21 +1655,21 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
      * as well.  But don't add them if inverting, as when that gets done below,
      * it would exclude all these characters, including the ones it shouldn't
      * that were added just above */
-    if (! (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_INVERT) && OP(node) == ANYOFD
-        && (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_SHARED_d_MATCHES_ALL_NON_UTF8_NON_ASCII_non_d_WARN_SUPER))
+    if (! (flags & ANYOF_INVERT) && OP(node) == ANYOFD
+        && (flags & ANYOF_SHARED_d_MATCHES_ALL_NON_UTF8_NON_ASCII_non_d_WARN_SUPER))
     {
         _invlist_union(invlist, PL_UpperLatin1, &invlist);
     }
 
     /* Similarly for these */
-    if (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_MATCHES_ALL_ABOVE_BITMAP) {
+    if (flags & ANYOF_MATCHES_ALL_ABOVE_BITMAP) {
         _invlist_union_complement_2nd(invlist, PL_InBitmap, &invlist);
     }
 
-    if (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_INVERT) {
+    if (flags & ANYOF_INVERT) {
         _invlist_invert(invlist);
     }
-    else if (ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOFL_FOLD) {
+    else if (flags & ANYOFL_FOLD) {
         if (new_node_has_latin1) {
 
             /* Under /li, any 0-255 could fold to any other 0-255, depending on
@@ -1676,7 +1697,7 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     if (only_utf8_locale_invlist) {
         _invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd(invlist,
                                             only_utf8_locale_invlist,
-                                            ANYOF_FLAGS(node) & ANYOF_INVERT,
+                                            flags & ANYOF_INVERT,
                                             &invlist);
     }
 
@@ -1701,6 +1722,7 @@ S_ssc_and(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
      * another SSC or a regular ANYOF class.  Can create false positives. */
 
     SV* anded_cp_list;
+    U8  and_with_flags = (OP(and_with) == ANYOFH) ? 0 : ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with);
     U8  anded_flags;
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SSC_AND;
@@ -1711,7 +1733,7 @@ S_ssc_and(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
      * the code point inversion list and just the relevant flags */
     if (is_ANYOF_SYNTHETIC(and_with)) {
         anded_cp_list = ((regnode_ssc *)and_with)->invlist;
-        anded_flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with);
+        anded_flags = and_with_flags;
 
         /* XXX This is a kludge around what appears to be deficiencies in the
          * optimizer.  If we make S_ssc_anything() add in the WARN_SUPER flag,
@@ -1735,14 +1757,14 @@ S_ssc_and(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
     else {
         anded_cp_list = get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pRExC_state, and_with);
         if (OP(and_with) == ANYOFD) {
-            anded_flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with) & ANYOF_COMMON_FLAGS;
+            anded_flags = and_with_flags & ANYOF_COMMON_FLAGS;
         }
         else {
-            anded_flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with)
+            anded_flags = and_with_flags
             &( ANYOF_COMMON_FLAGS
               |ANYOF_SHARED_d_MATCHES_ALL_NON_UTF8_NON_ASCII_non_d_WARN_SUPER
               |ANYOF_SHARED_d_UPPER_LATIN1_UTF8_STRING_MATCHES_non_d_RUNTIME_USER_PROP);
-            if (ANYOFL_UTF8_LOCALE_REQD(ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with))) {
+            if (ANYOFL_UTF8_LOCALE_REQD(and_with_flags)) {
                 anded_flags &=
                     ANYOFL_SHARED_UTF8_LOCALE_fold_HAS_MATCHES_nonfold_REQD;
             }
@@ -1782,7 +1804,7 @@ S_ssc_and(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
      *                         <=  (C1 & ~C2) | (P1 & ~P2)
      * */
 
-    if ((ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with) & ANYOF_INVERT)
+    if ((and_with_flags & ANYOF_INVERT)
         && ! is_ANYOF_SYNTHETIC(and_with))
     {
         unsigned int i;
@@ -1794,7 +1816,7 @@ S_ssc_and(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
 
         /* If either P1 or P2 is empty, the intersection will be also; can skip
          * the loop */
-        if (! (ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with) & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL)) {
+        if (! (and_with_flags & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL)) {
             ANYOF_POSIXL_ZERO(ssc);
         }
         else if (ANYOF_POSIXL_SSC_TEST_ANY_SET(ssc)) {
@@ -1854,16 +1876,16 @@ S_ssc_and(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
             else {
                 ssc->invlist = anded_cp_list;
                 ANYOF_POSIXL_ZERO(ssc);
-                if (ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with) & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL) {
+                if (and_with_flags & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL) {
                     ANYOF_POSIXL_OR((regnode_charclass_posixl*) and_with, ssc);
                 }
             }
         }
         else if (ANYOF_POSIXL_SSC_TEST_ANY_SET(ssc)
-                 || (ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with) & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL))
+                 || (and_with_flags & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL))
         {
             /* One or the other of P1, P2 is non-empty. */
-            if (ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with) & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL) {
+            if (and_with_flags & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL) {
                 ANYOF_POSIXL_AND((regnode_charclass_posixl*) and_with, ssc);
             }
             ssc_union(ssc, anded_cp_list, FALSE);
@@ -1884,6 +1906,7 @@ S_ssc_or(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
 
     SV* ored_cp_list;
     U8 ored_flags;
+    U8  or_with_flags = (OP(or_with) == ANYOFH) ? 0 : ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with);
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SSC_OR;
 
@@ -1893,17 +1916,17 @@ S_ssc_or(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
      * the code point inversion list and just the relevant flags */
     if (is_ANYOF_SYNTHETIC(or_with)) {
         ored_cp_list = ((regnode_ssc*) or_with)->invlist;
-        ored_flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with);
+        ored_flags = or_with_flags;
     }
     else {
         ored_cp_list = get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pRExC_state, or_with);
-        ored_flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with) & ANYOF_COMMON_FLAGS;
+        ored_flags = or_with_flags & ANYOF_COMMON_FLAGS;
         if (OP(or_with) != ANYOFD) {
             ored_flags
-            |= ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with)
+            |= or_with_flags
              & ( ANYOF_SHARED_d_MATCHES_ALL_NON_UTF8_NON_ASCII_non_d_WARN_SUPER
                 |ANYOF_SHARED_d_UPPER_LATIN1_UTF8_STRING_MATCHES_non_d_RUNTIME_USER_PROP);
-            if (ANYOFL_UTF8_LOCALE_REQD(ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with))) {
+            if (ANYOFL_UTF8_LOCALE_REQD(or_with_flags)) {
                 ored_flags |=
                     ANYOFL_SHARED_UTF8_LOCALE_fold_HAS_MATCHES_nonfold_REQD;
             }
@@ -1930,12 +1953,12 @@ S_ssc_or(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
      * (which results in actually simpler code than the non-inverted case)
      * */
 
-    if ((ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with) & ANYOF_INVERT)
+    if ((or_with_flags & ANYOF_INVERT)
         && ! is_ANYOF_SYNTHETIC(or_with))
     {
         /* We ignore P2, leaving P1 going forward */
     }   /* else  Not inverted */
-    else if (ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with) & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL) {
+    else if (or_with_flags & ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL) {
         ANYOF_POSIXL_OR((regnode_charclass_posixl*)or_with, ssc);
         if (ANYOF_POSIXL_SSC_TEST_ANY_SET(ssc)) {
             unsigned int i;
@@ -2690,7 +2713,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
         trie_words = newAV();
     });
 
-    re_trie_maxbuff = get_sv(RE_TRIE_MAXBUF_NAME, 1);
+    re_trie_maxbuff = get_sv(RE_TRIE_MAXBUF_NAME, GV_ADD);
     assert(re_trie_maxbuff);
     if (!SvIOK(re_trie_maxbuff)) {
         sv_setiv(re_trie_maxbuff, RE_TRIE_MAXBUF_INIT);
@@ -5607,9 +5630,12 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        STRLEN l;
                        const char * const s = SvPV_const(data->last_found, l);
                        SSize_t old = b - data->last_start_min;
+                        assert(old >= 0);
 
                        if (UTF)
-                           old = utf8_hop((U8*)s, old) - (U8*)s;
+                           old = utf8_hop_forward((U8*)s, old,
+                                               (U8 *) SvEND(data->last_found))
+                                - (U8*)s;
                        l -= old;
                        /* Get the added string: */
                        last_str = newSVpvn_utf8(s  + old, l, UTF);
@@ -5974,14 +6000,27 @@ Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "LHS=%" UVuf " RHS=%" UVuf "\n",
                                       last, &data_fake, stopparen,
                                       recursed_depth, NULL, f, depth+1);
                 if (scan->flags) {
-                    if (deltanext) {
-                       FAIL("Variable length lookbehind not implemented");
-                    }
-                    else if (minnext > (I32)U8_MAX) {
+                    if (   deltanext < 0
+                        || deltanext > (I32) U8_MAX
+                        || minnext > (I32)U8_MAX
+                        || minnext + deltanext > (I32)U8_MAX)
+                    {
                        FAIL2("Lookbehind longer than %" UVuf " not implemented",
                               (UV)U8_MAX);
                     }
-                    scan->flags = (U8)minnext;
+
+                    /* The 'next_off' field has been repurposed to count the
+                     * additional starting positions to try beyond the initial
+                     * one.  (This leaves it at 0 for non-variable length
+                     * matches to avoid breakage for those not using this
+                     * extension) */
+                    if (deltanext) {
+                        scan->next_off = deltanext;
+                        ckWARNexperimental(RExC_parse,
+                            WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__VLB,
+                            "Variable length lookbehind is experimental");
+                    }
+                    scan->flags = (U8)minnext + deltanext;
                 }
                 if (data) {
                     if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
@@ -6066,14 +6105,21 @@ Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "LHS=%" UVuf " RHS=%" UVuf "\n",
                                         stopparen, recursed_depth, NULL,
                                         f, depth+1);
                 if (scan->flags) {
-                    if (deltanext) {
-                       FAIL("Variable length lookbehind not implemented");
-                    }
-                    else if (*minnextp > (I32)U8_MAX) {
+                    assert(0);  /* This code has never been tested since this
+                                   is normally not compiled */
+                    if (   deltanext < 0
+                        || deltanext > (I32) U8_MAX
+                        || *minnextp > (I32)U8_MAX
+                        || *minnextp + deltanext > (I32)U8_MAX)
+                    {
                        FAIL2("Lookbehind longer than %" UVuf " not implemented",
                               (UV)U8_MAX);
                     }
-                    scan->flags = (U8)*minnextp;
+
+                    if (deltanext) {
+                        scan->next_off = deltanext;
+                    }
+                    scan->flags = (U8)*minnextp + deltanext;
                 }
 
                 *minnextp += min;
@@ -7204,7 +7250,7 @@ S_set_regex_pv(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, REGEXP *Rx)
         const char* name;
 
         name = get_regex_charset_name(RExC_rx->extflags, &len);
-        if strEQ(name, DEPENDS_PAT_MODS) {  /* /d under UTF-8 => /u */
+        if (strEQ(name, DEPENDS_PAT_MODS)) {  /* /d under UTF-8 => /u */
             assert(RExC_utf8);
             name = UNICODE_PAT_MODS;
             len = sizeof(UNICODE_PAT_MODS) - 1;
@@ -7357,6 +7403,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     }
 
     pRExC_state->warn_text = NULL;
+    pRExC_state->unlexed_names = NULL;
     pRExC_state->code_blocks = NULL;
 
     if (is_bare_re)
@@ -7655,6 +7702,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
 
     RExC_naughty = 0;
     RExC_npar = 1;
+    RExC_parens_buf_size = 0;
     RExC_emit_start = RExC_rxi->program;
     pRExC_state->code_index = 0;
 
@@ -7664,9 +7712,9 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     /* Do the parse */
     if (reg(pRExC_state, 0, &flags, 1)) {
 
-        /* Success!, But if RExC_total_parens < 0, we need to redo the parse
-         * knowing how many parens there actually are */
-        if (RExC_total_parens < 0) {
+        /* Success!, But we may need to redo the parse knowing how many parens
+         * there actually are */
+        if (IN_PARENS_PASS) {
             flags |= RESTART_PARSE;
         }
 
@@ -7708,7 +7756,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
             DEBUG_PARSE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ "Need to redo parse\n"));
         }
 
-        if (RExC_total_parens > 0) {
+        if (ALL_PARENS_COUNTED) {
             /* Make enough room for all the known parens, and zero it */
             Renew(RExC_open_parens, RExC_total_parens, regnode_offset);
             Zero(RExC_open_parens, RExC_total_parens, regnode_offset);
@@ -8806,7 +8854,7 @@ S_reg_scan_name(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 flags)
             /* It might be a forward reference; we can't fail until we
                 * know, by completing the parse to get all the groups, and
                 * then reparsing */
-            if (RExC_total_parens > 0)  {
+            if (ALL_PARENS_COUNTED)  {
                 vFAIL("Reference to nonexistent named group");
             }
             else {
@@ -10895,7 +10943,7 @@ S_parse_lparen_question_flags(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                 return;
             default:
               fail_modifiers:
-                RExC_parse += SKIP_IF_CHAR(RExC_parse);
+                RExC_parse += SKIP_IF_CHAR(RExC_parse, RExC_end);
                /* diag_listed_as: Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ */
                 vFAIL2utf8f("Sequence (%" UTF8f "...) not recognized",
                       UTF8fARG(UTF, RExC_parse-seqstart, seqstart));
@@ -10952,14 +11000,14 @@ S_handle_named_backref(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     RExC_sawback = 1;
     ret = reganode(pRExC_state,
                    ((! FOLD)
-                     ? NREF
+                     ? REFN
                      : (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
-                       ? NREFFA
+                       ? REFFAN
                        : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
-                         ? NREFFU
+                         ? REFFUN
                          : (LOC)
-                           ? NREFFL
-                           : NREFF),
+                           ? REFFLN
+                           : REFFN),
                     num);
     *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
 
@@ -10998,6 +11046,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     I32 freeze_paren = 0;
     I32 after_freeze = 0;
     I32 num; /* numeric backreferences */
+    SV * max_open;  /* Max number of unclosed parens */
 
     char * parse_start = RExC_parse; /* MJD */
     char * const oregcomp_parse = RExC_parse;
@@ -11007,6 +11056,17 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG;
     DEBUG_PARSE("reg ");
 
+
+    max_open = get_sv(RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT, GV_ADD);
+    assert(max_open);
+    if (!SvIOK(max_open)) {
+        sv_setiv(max_open, RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_INIT);
+    }
+    if (depth > 4 * (UV) SvIV(max_open)) { /* We increase depth by 4 for each
+                                              open paren */
+        vFAIL("Too many nested open parens");
+    }
+
     *flagp = 0;                                /* Tentatively. */
 
     /* Having this true makes it feasible to have a lot fewer tests for the
@@ -11295,7 +11355,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 
            } /* End of switch */
            if ( ! op ) {
-               RExC_parse += UTF ? UTF8SKIP(RExC_parse) : 1;
+               RExC_parse += UTF
+                              ? UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(RExC_parse, RExC_end)
+                              : 1;
                 if (has_upper || verb_len == 0) {
                     vFAIL2utf8f(
                     "Unknown verb pattern '%" UTF8f "'",
@@ -11375,7 +11437,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                     return handle_named_backref(pRExC_state, flagp,
                                                 parse_start, ')');
                 }
-                RExC_parse += SKIP_IF_CHAR(RExC_parse);
+                RExC_parse += SKIP_IF_CHAR(RExC_parse, RExC_end);
                 /* diag_listed_as: Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ */
                vFAIL3("Sequence (%.*s...) not recognized",
                                 RExC_parse-seqstart, seqstart);
@@ -11533,14 +11595,14 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 goto gen_recurse_regop;
                 /* NOTREACHED */
             case '+':
-                if (!(RExC_parse[0] >= '1' && RExC_parse[0] <= '9')) {
+                if (! inRANGE(RExC_parse[0], '1', '9')) {
                     RExC_parse++;
                     vFAIL("Illegal pattern");
                 }
                 goto parse_recursion;
                 /* NOTREACHED*/
             case '-': /* (?-1) */
-                if (!(RExC_parse[0] >= '1' && RExC_parse[0] <= '9')) {
+                if (! inRANGE(RExC_parse[0], '1', '9')) {
                     RExC_parse--; /* rewind to let it be handled later */
                     goto parse_flags;
                 }
@@ -11592,7 +11654,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         /* It might be a forward reference; we can't fail until
                          * we know, by completing the parse to get all the
                          * groups, and then reparsing */
-                        if (RExC_total_parens > 0)  {
+                        if (ALL_PARENS_COUNTED)  {
                             RExC_parse++;
                             vFAIL("Reference to nonexistent group");
                         }
@@ -11618,7 +11680,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                     /* It might be a forward reference; we can't fail until we
                      * know, by completing the parse to get all the groups, and
                      * then reparsing */
-                    if (RExC_total_parens > 0)  {
+                    if (ALL_PARENS_COUNTED)  {
                         if (num >= RExC_total_parens) {
                             RExC_parse++;
                             vFAIL("Reference to nonexistent group");
@@ -11650,7 +11712,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
            case '?':           /* (??...) */
                is_logical = 1;
                if (*RExC_parse != '{') {
-                    RExC_parse += SKIP_IF_CHAR(RExC_parse);
+                    RExC_parse += SKIP_IF_CHAR(RExC_parse, RExC_end);
                     /* diag_listed_as: Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ */
                     vFAIL2utf8f(
                         "Sequence (%" UTF8f "...) not recognized",
@@ -11786,7 +11848,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         RExC_rxi->data->data[num]=(void*)sv_dat;
                         SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(sv_dat);
                     }
-                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state, NGROUPP, num);
+                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state, GROUPPN, num);
                     goto insert_if_check_paren;
                }
                else if (memBEGINs(RExC_parse,
@@ -11809,7 +11871,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         parno = 1;
                         RExC_parse++;
                     }
-                    else if (RExC_parse[0] >= '1' && RExC_parse[0] <= '9' ) {
+                    else if (inRANGE(RExC_parse[0], '1', '9')) {
                         UV uv;
                         endptr = RExC_end;
                         if (grok_atoUV(RExC_parse, &uv, &endptr)
@@ -11830,7 +11892,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state, INSUBP, parno);
                    goto insert_if_check_paren;
                }
-               else if (RExC_parse[0] >= '1' && RExC_parse[0] <= '9' ) {
+                else if (inRANGE(RExC_parse[0], '1', '9')) {
                     /* (?(1)...) */
                    char c;
                     UV uv;
@@ -11848,7 +11910,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 
                  insert_if_check_paren:
                    if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) != ')') {
-                        RExC_parse += UTF ? UTF8SKIP(RExC_parse) : 1;
+                        RExC_parse += UTF
+                                      ? UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(RExC_parse, RExC_end)
+                                      : 1;
                        vFAIL("Switch condition not recognized");
                    }
                    nextchar(pRExC_state);
@@ -11910,7 +11974,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 #endif
                    return ret;
                }
-                RExC_parse += UTF ? UTF8SKIP(RExC_parse) : 1;
+                RExC_parse += UTF
+                              ? UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(RExC_parse, RExC_end)
+                              : 1;
                 vFAIL("Unknown switch condition (?(...))");
            }
            case '[':           /* (?[ ... ]) */
@@ -11920,6 +11986,12 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                RExC_parse--; /* for vFAIL to print correctly */
                 vFAIL("Sequence (? incomplete");
                 break;
+
+            case ')':
+                if (RExC_strict) {  /* [perl #132851] */
+                    ckWARNreg(RExC_parse, "Empty (?) without any modifiers");
+                }
+                /* FALLTHROUGH */
            default: /* e.g., (?i) */
                RExC_parse = (char *) seqstart + 1;
               parse_flags:
@@ -11949,34 +12021,47 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
          capturing_parens:
            parno = RExC_npar;
            RExC_npar++;
-            if (RExC_total_parens <= 0) {
+            if (! ALL_PARENS_COUNTED) {
                 /* If we are in our first pass through (and maybe only pass),
                  * we  need to allocate memory for the capturing parentheses
-                 * data structures.  Since we start at npar=1, when it reaches
-                 * 2, for the first time it has something to put in it.  Above
-                 * 2 means we extend what we already have */
-                if (RExC_npar == 2) {
+                 * data structures.
+                 */
+
+                if (!RExC_parens_buf_size) {
+                    /* first guess at number of parens we might encounter */
+                    RExC_parens_buf_size = 10;
+
                     /* setup RExC_open_parens, which holds the address of each
                      * OPEN tag, and to make things simpler for the 0 index the
                      * start of the program - this is used later for offsets */
-                    Newxz(RExC_open_parens, RExC_npar, regnode_offset);
+                    Newxz(RExC_open_parens, RExC_parens_buf_size,
+                            regnode_offset);
                     RExC_open_parens[0] = 1;    /* +1 for REG_MAGIC */
 
                     /* setup RExC_close_parens, which holds the address of each
                      * CLOSE tag, and to make things simpler for the 0 index
                      * the end of the program - this is used later for offsets
                      * */
-                    Newxz(RExC_close_parens, RExC_npar, regnode_offset);
+                    Newxz(RExC_close_parens, RExC_parens_buf_size,
+                            regnode_offset);
                     /* we dont know where end op starts yet, so we dont need to
                      * set RExC_close_parens[0] like we do RExC_open_parens[0]
                      * above */
                 }
-                else {
-                    Renew(RExC_open_parens, RExC_npar, regnode_offset);
-                    Zero(RExC_open_parens + RExC_npar - 1, 1, regnode_offset);
+                else if (RExC_npar > RExC_parens_buf_size) {
+                    I32 old_size = RExC_parens_buf_size;
+
+                    RExC_parens_buf_size *= 2;
+
+                    Renew(RExC_open_parens, RExC_parens_buf_size,
+                            regnode_offset);
+                    Zero(RExC_open_parens + old_size,
+                            RExC_parens_buf_size - old_size, regnode_offset);
 
-                    Renew(RExC_close_parens, RExC_npar, regnode_offset);
-                    Zero(RExC_close_parens + RExC_npar - 1, 1, regnode_offset);
+                    Renew(RExC_close_parens, RExC_parens_buf_size,
+                            regnode_offset);
+                    Zero(RExC_close_parens + old_size,
+                            RExC_parens_buf_size - old_size, regnode_offset);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -12058,7 +12143,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(flags, flagp);
             FAIL2("panic: regbranch returned failure, flags=%#" UVxf, (UV) flags);
         }
-        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, lastbr, br);               /* BRANCH -> BRANCH. */
+        if (!  REGTAIL(pRExC_state, lastbr, br)) {  /* BRANCH -> BRANCH. */
+            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+        }
        lastbr = br;
        *flagp |= flags & (SPSTART | HASWIDTH | POSTPONED);
     }
@@ -12129,7 +12216,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                           (IV)(ender - lastbr)
             );
         );
-        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, lastbr, ender);
+        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, lastbr, ender)) {
+            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+        }
 
        if (have_branch) {
             char is_nothing= 1;
@@ -12140,9 +12229,12 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
            for (br = REGNODE_p(ret); br; br = regnext(br)) {
                const U8 op = PL_regkind[OP(br)];
                if (op == BRANCH) {
-                    REGTAIL_STUDY(pRExC_state,
-                                  REGNODE_OFFSET(NEXTOPER(br)),
-                                  ender);
+                    if (! REGTAIL_STUDY(pRExC_state,
+                                        REGNODE_OFFSET(NEXTOPER(br)),
+                                        ender))
+                    {
+                        REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                    }
                     if ( OP(NEXTOPER(br)) != NOTHING
                          || regnext(NEXTOPER(br)) != REGNODE_p(ender))
                         is_nothing= 0;
@@ -12209,7 +12301,10 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             Set_Node_Cur_Length(REGNODE_p(ret), parse_start);
            Set_Node_Offset(REGNODE_p(ret), parse_start + 1);
            FLAGS(REGNODE_p(ret)) = flag;
-            REGTAIL_STUDY(pRExC_state, ret, reg_node(pRExC_state, TAIL));
+            if (! REGTAIL_STUDY(pRExC_state, ret, reg_node(pRExC_state, TAIL)))
+            {
+                REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+            }
        }
     }
 
@@ -12303,14 +12398,12 @@ S_regbranch(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, I32 first, U32 depth)
            /* FIXME adding one for every branch after the first is probably
             * excessive now we have TRIE support. (hv) */
            MARK_NAUGHTY(1);
-            if (     chain > (SSize_t) BRANCH_MAX_OFFSET
-                && ! RExC_use_BRANCHJ)
-            {
+            if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, chain, latest)) {
                 /* XXX We could just redo this branch, but figuring out what
-                 * bookkeeping needs to be reset is a pain */
+                 * bookkeeping needs to be reset is a pain, and it's likely
+                 * that other branches that goto END will also be too large */
                 REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
             }
-            REGTAIL(pRExC_state, chain, latest);
        }
        chain = latest;
        c++;
@@ -12610,20 +12703,23 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
   * points) that this \N sequence matches.  This is set, and the input is
   * parsed for errors, even if the function returns FALSE, as detailed below.
   *
-  * There are 5 possibilities here, as detailed in the next 5 paragraphs.
+  * There are 6 possibilities here, as detailed in the next 6 paragraphs.
   *
   * Probably the most common case is for the \N to specify a single code point.
   * *cp_count will be set to 1, and *code_point_p will be set to that code
   * point.
   *
-  * Another possibility is for the input to be an empty \N{}, which for
-  * backwards compatibility we accept.  *cp_count will be set to 0. *node_p
-  * will be set to a generated NOTHING node.
+  * Another possibility is for the input to be an empty \N{}.  This is no
+  * longer accepted, and will generate a fatal error.
+  *
+  * Another possibility is for a custom charnames handler to be in effect which
+  * translates the input name to an empty string.  *cp_count will be set to 0.
+  * *node_p will be set to a generated NOTHING node.
   *
   * Still another possibility is for the \N to mean [^\n]. *cp_count will be
   * set to 0. *node_p will be set to a generated REG_ANY node.
   *
-  * The fourth possibility is that \N resolves to a sequence of more than one
+  * The fifth possibility is that \N resolves to a sequence of more than one
   * code points.  *cp_count will be set to the number of code points in the
   * sequence. *node_p will be set to a generated node returned by this
   * function calling S_reg().
@@ -12631,7 +12727,7 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
   * The final possibility is that it is premature to be calling this function;
   * the parse needs to be restarted.  This can happen when this changes from
   * /d to /u rules, or when the pattern needs to be upgraded to UTF-8.  The
-  * latter occurs only when the fourth possibility would otherwise be in
+  * latter occurs only when the fifth possibility would otherwise be in
   * effect, and is because one of those code points requires the pattern to be
   * recompiled as UTF-8.  The function returns FALSE, and sets the
   * RESTART_PARSE and NEED_UTF8 flags in *flagp, as appropriate.  When this
@@ -12648,12 +12744,11 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
   * so we need a way to take a snapshot of what they resolve to at the time of
   * the original parse. [perl #56444].
   *
-  * That parsing is skipped for single-quoted regexes, so we may here get
-  * '\N{NAME}'.  This is a fatal error.  These names have to be resolved by the
-  * parser.  But if the single-quoted regex is something like '\N{U+41}', that
-  * is legal and handled here.  The code point is Unicode, and has to be
-  * translated into the native character set for non-ASCII platforms.
-  */
+  * That parsing is skipped for single-quoted regexes, so here we may get
+  * '\N{NAME}', which is parsed now.  If the single-quoted regex is something
+  * like '\N{U+41}', that code point is Unicode, and has to be translated into
+  * the native character set for non-ASCII platforms.  The other possibilities
+  * are already native, so no translation is done. */
 
     char * endbrace;    /* points to '}' following the name */
     char* p = RExC_parse; /* Temporary */
@@ -12662,7 +12757,6 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     char *orig_end;
     char *save_start;
     I32 flags;
-    Size_t count = 0;   /* code point count kept internally by this function */
 
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
@@ -12685,7 +12779,7 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
 
     /* Disambiguate between \N meaning a named character versus \N meaning
      * [^\n].  The latter is assumed when the {...} following the \N is a legal
-     * quantifier, or there is no '{' at all */
+     * quantifier, or if there is no '{' at all */
     if (*p != '{' || regcurly(p)) {
         RExC_parse = p;
         if (cp_count) {
@@ -12718,15 +12812,19 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
         vFAIL2("Missing right brace on \\%c{}", 'N');
     }
 
-    /* Here, we have decided it should be a named character or sequence */
-    REQUIRE_UNI_RULES(flagp, FALSE); /* Unicode named chars imply Unicode
-                                        semantics */
+    /* Here, we have decided it should be a named character or sequence.  These
+     * imply Unicode semantics */
+    REQUIRE_UNI_RULES(flagp, FALSE);
 
-    if (endbrace == RExC_parse) {   /* empty: \N{} */
+    /* \N{_} is what toke.c returns to us to indicate a name that evaluates to
+     * nothing at all (not allowed under strict) */
+    if (endbrace - RExC_parse == 1 && *RExC_parse == '_') {
+        RExC_parse = endbrace;
         if (strict) {
             RExC_parse++;   /* Position after the "}" */
             vFAIL("Zero length \\N{}");
         }
+
         if (cp_count) {
             *cp_count = 0;
         }
@@ -12739,15 +12837,122 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
         return TRUE;
     }
 
-    /* If we haven't got something that begins with 'U+', then it didn't get lexed. */
-    if (   endbrace - RExC_parse < 2
-        || strnNE(RExC_parse, "U+", 2))
-    {
-        RExC_parse = endbrace;  /* position msg's '<--HERE' */
-        vFAIL("\\N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer");
-    }
+    if (endbrace - RExC_parse < 2 || ! strBEGINs(RExC_parse, "U+")) {
+
+        /* Here, the name isn't of the form  U+....  This can happen if the
+         * pattern is single-quoted, so didn't get evaluated in toke.c.  Now
+         * is the time to find out what the name means */
+
+        const STRLEN name_len = endbrace - RExC_parse;
+        SV *  value_sv;     /* What does this name evaluate to */
+        SV ** value_svp;
+        const U8 * value;   /* string of name's value */
+        STRLEN value_len;   /* and its length */
+
+        /*  RExC_unlexed_names is a hash of names that weren't evaluated by
+         *  toke.c, and their values. Make sure is initialized */
+        if (! RExC_unlexed_names) {
+            RExC_unlexed_names = newHV();
+        }
+
+        /* If we have already seen this name in this pattern, use that.  This
+         * allows us to only call the charnames handler once per name per
+         * pattern.  A broken or malicious handler could return something
+         * different each time, which could cause the results to vary depending
+         * on if something gets added or subtracted from the pattern that
+         * causes the number of passes to change, for example */
+        if ((value_svp = hv_fetch(RExC_unlexed_names, RExC_parse,
+                                                      name_len, 0)))
+        {
+            value_sv = *value_svp;
+        }
+        else { /* Otherwise we have to go out and get the name */
+            const char * error_msg = NULL;
+            value_sv = get_and_check_backslash_N_name(RExC_parse, endbrace,
+                                                      UTF,
+                                                      &error_msg);
+            if (error_msg) {
+                RExC_parse = endbrace;
+                vFAIL(error_msg);
+            }
+
+            /* If no error message, should have gotten a valid return */
+            assert (value_sv);
+
+            /* Save the name's meaning for later use */
+            if (! hv_store(RExC_unlexed_names, RExC_parse, name_len,
+                           value_sv, 0))
+            {
+                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: hv_store() unexpectedly failed");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Here, we have the value the name evaluates to in 'value_sv' */
+        value = (U8 *) SvPV(value_sv, value_len);
+
+        /* See if the result is one code point vs 0 or multiple */
+        if (value_len > 0 && value_len <= (UV) ((SvUTF8(value_sv))
+                                               ? UTF8SKIP(value)
+                                               : 1))
+        {
+            /* Here, exactly one code point.  If that isn't what is wanted,
+             * fail */
+            if (! code_point_p) {
+                RExC_parse = p;
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            /* Convert from string to numeric code point */
+            *code_point_p = (SvUTF8(value_sv))
+                            ? valid_utf8_to_uvchr(value, NULL)
+                            : *value;
 
-        /* This code purposely indented below because of future changes coming */
+            /* Have parsed this entire single code point \N{...}.  *cp_count
+             * has already been set to 1, so don't do it again. */
+            RExC_parse = endbrace;
+            nextchar(pRExC_state);
+            return TRUE;
+        } /* End of is a single code point */
+
+        /* Count the code points, if caller desires.  The API says to do this
+         * even if we will later return FALSE */
+        if (cp_count) {
+            *cp_count = 0;
+
+            *cp_count = (SvUTF8(value_sv))
+                        ? utf8_length(value, value + value_len)
+                        : value_len;
+        }
+
+        /* Fail if caller doesn't want to handle a multi-code-point sequence.
+         * But don't back the pointer up if the caller wants to know how many
+         * code points there are (they need to handle it themselves in this
+         * case).  */
+        if (! node_p) {
+            if (! cp_count) {
+                RExC_parse = p;
+            }
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        /* Convert this to a sub-pattern of the form "(?: ... )", and then call
+         * reg recursively to parse it.  That way, it retains its atomicness,
+         * while not having to worry about any special handling that some code
+         * points may have. */
+
+        substitute_parse = newSVpvs("?:");
+        sv_catsv(substitute_parse, value_sv);
+        sv_catpv(substitute_parse, ")");
+
+#ifdef EBCDIC
+        /* The value should already be native, so no need to convert on EBCDIC
+         * platforms.*/
+        assert(! RExC_recode_x_to_native);
+#endif
+
+    }
+    else {   /* \N{U+...} */
+        Size_t count = 0;   /* code point count kept internally */
 
         /* We can get to here when the input is \N{U+...} or when toke.c has
          * converted a name to the \N{U+...} form.  This include changing a
@@ -12882,6 +13087,8 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
         RExC_recode_x_to_native = 1;
 #endif
 
+    }
+
     /* Here, we have the string the name evaluates to, ready to be parsed,
      * stored in 'substitute_parse' as a series of valid "\x{...}\x{...}"
      * constructs.  This can be called from within a substitute parse already.
@@ -13614,7 +13821,7 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                     /* It might be a forward reference; we can't fail until we
                      * know, by completing the parse to get all the groups, and
                      * then reparsing */
-                    if (RExC_total_parens > 0)  {
+                    if (ALL_PARENS_COUNTED)  {
                         if (num >= RExC_total_parens)  {
                             vFAIL("Reference to nonexistent group");
                         }
@@ -13766,7 +13973,6 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                    || UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))
                    || UTF8_IS_START(UCHARAT(RExC_parse)));
 
-
             /* Here, we have a literal character.  Find the maximal string of
              * them in the input that we can fit into a single EXACTish node.
              * We quit at the first non-literal or when the node gets full, or
@@ -14268,18 +14474,16 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                             has_micro_sign = TRUE;
                         }
 
-                        *(s++) = (char) (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS)
-                                        ? toFOLD(ender)
-
-                                          /* Under /u, the fold of any
-                                           * character in the 0-255 range
-                                           * happens to be its lowercase
-                                           * equivalent, except for LATIN SMALL
-                                           * LETTER SHARP S, which was handled
-                                           * above, and the MICRO SIGN, whose
-                                           * fold requires UTF-8 to represent.
-                                           * */
-                                        : toLOWER_L1(ender);
+                        *(s++) = (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS)
+                                 ? (char) toFOLD(ender)
+
+                                   /* Under /u, the fold of any character in
+                                    * the 0-255 range happens to be its
+                                    * lowercase equivalent, except for LATIN
+                                    * SMALL LETTER SHARP S, which was handled
+                                    * above, and the MICRO SIGN, whose fold
+                                    * requires UTF-8 to represent.  */
+                                 : (char) toLOWER_L1(ender);
                     }
                } /* End of adding current character to the node */
 
@@ -14342,7 +14546,7 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 else {
 
                     /* Point to the first byte of the final character */
-                    s = (char *) utf8_hop((U8 *) s, -1);
+                    s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1, (U8 *) s0);
 
                     while (s >= s0) {   /* Search backwards until find
                                            a non-problematic char */
@@ -14452,8 +14656,10 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
           loopdone:   /* Jumped to when encounters something that shouldn't be
                          in the node */
 
-            /* Free up any over-allocated space */
-            change_engine_size(pRExC_state, - (initial_size - STR_SZ(len)));
+            /* Free up any over-allocated space; cast is to silence bogus
+             * warning in MS VC */
+            change_engine_size(pRExC_state,
+                                - (Ptrdiff_t) (initial_size - STR_SZ(len)));
 
             /* I (khw) don't know if you can get here with zero length, but the
              * old code handled this situation by creating a zero-length EXACT
@@ -14529,7 +14735,7 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 RExC_emit += STR_SZ(len);
 
                 /* If the node isn't a single character, it can't be SIMPLE */
-                if (len > ((UTF) ? UVCHR_SKIP(ender) : 1)) {
+                if (len > (Size_t) ((UTF) ? UVCHR_SKIP(ender) : 1)) {
                     maybe_SIMPLE = 0;
                 }
 
@@ -15690,7 +15896,9 @@ redo_curchar:
                             RExC_parse = RExC_end;
                         }
                         else if (RExC_parse != save_parse) {
-                            RExC_parse += (UTF) ? UTF8SKIP(RExC_parse) : 1;
+                            RExC_parse += (UTF)
+                                          ? UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(RExC_parse, RExC_end)
+                                          : 1;
                         }
                         vFAIL("Expecting '(?flags:(?[...'");
                     }
@@ -15752,8 +15960,7 @@ redo_curchar:
                               FALSE, /* Require return to be an ANYOF */
                               &current))
                 {
-                    FAIL2("panic: regclass returned failure to handle_sets, "
-                          "flags=%#" UVxf, (UV) *flagp);
+                    goto regclass_failed;
                 }
 
                 /* regclass() will return with parsing just the \ sequence,
@@ -15789,8 +15996,7 @@ redo_curchar:
                                 FALSE, /* Require return to be an ANYOF */
                                 &current))
                 {
-                    FAIL2("panic: regclass returned failure to handle_sets, "
-                          "flags=%#" UVxf, (UV) *flagp);
+                    goto regclass_failed;
                 }
 
                 if (! current) {
@@ -16151,8 +16357,7 @@ redo_curchar:
     }
 
     if (!node)
-        FAIL2("panic: regclass returned failure to handle_sets, flags=%#" UVxf,
-                    PTR2UV(flagp));
+        goto regclass_failed;
 
     /* Fix up the node type if we are in locale.  (We have pretended we are
      * under /u for the purposes of regclass(), as this construct will only
@@ -16183,6 +16388,10 @@ redo_curchar:
     nextchar(pRExC_state);
     Set_Node_Length(REGNODE_p(node), RExC_parse - oregcomp_parse + 1); /* MJD */
     return node;
+
+  regclass_failed:
+    FAIL2("panic: regclass returned failure to handle_sets, " "flags=%#" UVxf,
+                                                                (UV) *flagp);
 }
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_REGEX_SETS_DEBUGGING
@@ -16433,7 +16642,7 @@ STATIC regnode_offset
 S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                  const bool stop_at_1,  /* Just parse the next thing, don't
                                            look for a full character class */
-                 bool allow_multi_folds,
+                 bool allow_mutiple_chars,
                  const bool silence_non_portable,   /* Don't output warnings
                                                        about too large
                                                        characters */
@@ -16588,7 +16797,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 #if UNICODE_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 /* no multifolds in early Unicode */      \
     || (UNICODE_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && UNICODE_DOT_VERSION == 0          \
                                    && UNICODE_DOT_DOT_VERSION == 0)
-    allow_multi_folds = FALSE;
+    allow_mutiple_chars = FALSE;
 #endif
 
     /* We include the /i status at the beginning of this so that we can
@@ -16604,7 +16813,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
     if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {  /* Complement the class */
        RExC_parse++;
         invert = TRUE;
-        allow_multi_folds = FALSE;
+        allow_mutiple_chars = FALSE;
         MARK_NAUGHTY(1);
         SKIP_BRACKETED_WHITE_SPACE(skip_white, RExC_parse);
     }
@@ -16796,7 +17005,11 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                         else { /* cp_count > 1 */
                             assert(cp_count > 1);
                             if (! RExC_in_multi_char_class) {
-                                if (invert || range || *RExC_parse == '-') {
+                                if ( ! allow_mutiple_chars
+                                    || invert
+                                    || range
+                                    || *RExC_parse == '-')
+                                {
                                     if (strict) {
                                         RExC_parse--;
                                         vFAIL("\\N{} in inverted character class or as a range end-point is restricted to one character");
@@ -16877,7 +17090,9 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
                }   /* The \p isn't immediately followed by a '{' */
                else if (! isALPHA(*RExC_parse)) {
-                    RExC_parse += (UTF) ? UTF8SKIP(RExC_parse) : 1;
+                    RExC_parse += (UTF)
+                                  ? UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(RExC_parse, RExC_end)
+                                  : 1;
                     vFAIL2("Character following \\%c must be '{' or a "
                            "single-character Unicode property name",
                            (U8) value);
@@ -16899,6 +17114,12 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                     SV * prop_definition = parse_uniprop_string(
                                             name, n, UTF, FOLD,
                                             FALSE, /* This is compile-time */
+
+                                            /* We can't defer this defn when
+                                             * the full result is required in
+                                             * this call */
+                                            ! cBOOL(ret_invlist),
+
                                             &user_defined,
                                             msg,
                                             0 /* Base level */
@@ -17046,7 +17267,9 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                    RExC_parse += numlen;
                     if (numlen != 3) {
                         if (strict) {
-                            RExC_parse += (UTF) ? UTF8SKIP(RExC_parse) : 1;
+                            RExC_parse += (UTF)
+                                          ? UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(RExC_parse, RExC_end)
+                                          : 1;
                             vFAIL("Need exactly 3 octal digits");
                         }
                         else if (   numlen < 3 /* like \08, \178 */
@@ -17118,40 +17341,60 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             ) {
                 SV* scratch_list = NULL;
 
-                /* What the Posix classes (like \w, [:space:]) match in locale
-                 * isn't knowable under locale until actual match time.  A
+                /* What the Posix classes (like \w, [:space:]) match isn't
+                 * generally knowable under locale until actual match time.  A
                  * special node is used for these which has extra space for a
                  * bitmap, with a bit reserved for each named class that is to
-                 * be matched against.  This isn't needed for \p{} and
+                 * be matched against.  (This isn't needed for \p{} and
                  * pseudo-classes, as they are not affected by locale, and
-                 * hence are dealt with separately */
-                POSIXL_SET(posixl, namedclass);
-                has_runtime_dependency |= HAS_L_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY;
-                anyof_flags |= ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL;
-
-                /* The above-Latin1 characters are not subject to locale rules.
-                 * Just add them to the unconditionally-matched list */
-
-                /* Get the list of the above-Latin1 code points this matches */
-                _invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd(PL_AboveLatin1,
-                                        PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
-
-                                        /* Odd numbers are complements, like
-                                        * NDIGIT, NASCII, ... */
-                                        namedclass % 2 != 0,
-                                        &scratch_list);
-                /* Checking if 'cp_list' is NULL first saves an extra clone.
-                 * Its reference count will be decremented at the next union,
-                 * etc, or if this is the only instance, at the end of the
-                 * routine */
-                if (! cp_list) {
-                    cp_list = scratch_list;
-                }
-                else {
-                    _invlist_union(cp_list, scratch_list, &cp_list);
-                    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
+                 * hence are dealt with separately.)  However, if a named class
+                 * and its complement are both present, then it matches
+                 * everything, and there is no runtime dependency.  Odd numbers
+                 * are the complements of the next lower number, so xor works.
+                 * (Note that something like [\w\D] should match everything,
+                 * because \d should be a proper subset of \w.  But rather than
+                 * trust that the locale is well behaved, we leave this to
+                 * runtime to sort out) */
+                if (POSIXL_TEST(posixl, namedclass ^ 1)) {
+                    cp_list = _add_range_to_invlist(cp_list, 0, UV_MAX);
+                    POSIXL_ZERO(posixl);
+                    has_runtime_dependency &= ~HAS_L_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY;
+                    anyof_flags &= ~ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL;
+                    continue;   /* We could ignore the rest of the class, but
+                                   best to parse it for any errors */
+                }
+                else { /* Here, isn't the complement of any already parsed
+                          class */
+                    POSIXL_SET(posixl, namedclass);
+                    has_runtime_dependency |= HAS_L_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY;
+                    anyof_flags |= ANYOF_MATCHES_POSIXL;
+
+                    /* The above-Latin1 characters are not subject to locale
+                     * rules.  Just add them to the unconditionally-matched
+                     * list */
+
+                    /* Get the list of the above-Latin1 code points this
+                     * matches */
+                    _invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd(PL_AboveLatin1,
+                                            PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
+
+                                            /* Odd numbers are complements,
+                                             * like NDIGIT, NASCII, ... */
+                                            namedclass % 2 != 0,
+                                            &scratch_list);
+                    /* Checking if 'cp_list' is NULL first saves an extra
+                     * clone.  Its reference count will be decremented at the
+                     * next union, etc, or if this is the only instance, at the
+                     * end of the routine */
+                    if (! cp_list) {
+                        cp_list = scratch_list;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        _invlist_union(cp_list, scratch_list, &cp_list);
+                        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
+                    }
+                    continue;   /* Go get next character */
                 }
-                continue;   /* Go get next character */
             }
             else {
 
@@ -17313,7 +17556,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
          *  "ss"  =~ /^[^\xDF]+$/i => N
          *
          * See [perl #89750] */
-        if (FOLD && allow_multi_folds && value == prevvalue) {
+        if (FOLD && allow_mutiple_chars && value == prevvalue) {
             if (    value == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S
                 || (value > 255 && _invlist_contains_cp(PL_HasMultiCharFold,
                                                         value)))
@@ -17487,7 +17730,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                            literal
                         );
                 }
-                else if isMNEMONIC_CNTRL(value) {
+                else if (isMNEMONIC_CNTRL(value)) {
                     vWARN4(RExC_parse,
                            "\"%.*s\" is more clearly written simply as \"%s\"",
                            (int) (RExC_parse - rangebegin),
@@ -18532,7 +18775,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                     RExC_emit += 1 + STR_SZ(len);
                     STR_LEN(REGNODE_p(ret)) = len;
                     if (len == 1) {
-                        *STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)) = value;
+                        *STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)) = (U8) value;
                     }
                     else {
                         uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)), value);
@@ -18777,8 +19020,34 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
         * bitmap, optimize to indicate that */
         if (     start[0] >= NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS
             && ! LOC
-            && ! upper_latin1_only_utf8_matches)
+            && ! upper_latin1_only_utf8_matches
+            &&   anyof_flags == 0)
         {
+            UV highest_cp = invlist_highest(cp_list);
+
+            /* If the lowest and highest code point in the class have the same
+             * UTF-8 first byte, then all do, and we can store that byte for
+             * regexec.c to use so that it can more quickly scan the target
+             * string for potential matches for this class.  We co-opt the the
+             * flags field for this.  Zero means, they don't have the same
+             * first byte.  We do accept here very large code points (for
+             * future use), but don't bother with this optimization for them,
+             * as it would cause other complications */
+            if (highest_cp > IV_MAX) {
+                anyof_flags = 0;
+            }
+            else {
+                U8 low_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
+                U8 high_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
+
+                (void) uvchr_to_utf8(low_utf8, start[0]);
+                (void) uvchr_to_utf8(high_utf8, invlist_highest(cp_list));
+
+                anyof_flags = (low_utf8[0] == high_utf8[0])
+                            ? low_utf8[0]
+                            : 0;
+            }
+
             op = ANYOFH;
         }
     }   /* End of seeing if can optimize it into a different node */
@@ -18979,6 +19248,7 @@ Perl__get_regclass_nonbitmap_data(pTHX_ const regexp *prog,
                                                            stored here for just
                                                            this occasion */
                             TRUE,           /* run time */
+                            FALSE,          /* This call must find the defn */
                             si,             /* The property definition  */
                             &user_defined,
                             msg,
@@ -19255,7 +19525,9 @@ S_nextchar(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
                || UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*RExC_parse)
                || UTF8_IS_START(*RExC_parse));
 
-        RExC_parse += (UTF) ? UTF8SKIP(RExC_parse) : 1;
+        RExC_parse += (UTF)
+                      ? UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(RExC_parse, RExC_end)
+                      : 1;
 
         skip_to_be_ignored_text(pRExC_state, &RExC_parse,
                                 FALSE /* Don't force /x */ );
@@ -19425,7 +19697,11 @@ S_reginsert(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, const U8 op,
     src = REGNODE_p(RExC_emit);
     RExC_emit += size;
     dst = REGNODE_p(RExC_emit);
-    if (RExC_open_parens) {
+
+    /* If we are in a "count the parentheses" pass, the numbers are unreliable,
+     * and [perl #133871] shows this can lead to problems, so skip this
+     * realignment of parens until a later pass when they are reliable */
+    if (! IN_PARENS_PASS && RExC_open_parens) {
         int paren;
         /*DEBUG_PARSE_FMT("inst"," - %" IVdf, (IV)RExC_npar);*/
         /* remember that RExC_npar is rex->nparens + 1,
@@ -19498,10 +19774,13 @@ S_reginsert(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, const U8 op,
 }
 
 /*
-- regtail - set the next-pointer at the end of a node chain of p to val.
+- regtail - set the next-pointer at the end of a node chain of p to val.  If
+            that value won't fit in the space available, instead returns FALSE.
+            (Except asserts if we can't fit in the largest space the regex
+            engine is designed for.)
 - SEE ALSO: regtail_study
 */
-STATIC void
+STATIC bool
 S_regtail(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * pRExC_state,
                 const regnode_offset p,
                 const regnode_offset val,
@@ -19534,11 +19813,21 @@ S_regtail(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * pRExC_state,
     }
 
     if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(REGNODE_p(scan))]) {
+        assert((UV) (val - scan) <= U32_MAX);
         ARG_SET(REGNODE_p(scan), val - scan);
     }
     else {
+        if (val - scan > U16_MAX) {
+            /* Since not all callers check the return value, populate this with
+             * something that won't loop and will likely lead to a crash if
+             * execution continues */
+            NEXT_OFF(REGNODE_p(scan)) = U16_MAX;
+            return FALSE;
+        }
         NEXT_OFF(REGNODE_p(scan)) = val - scan;
     }
+
+    return TRUE;
 }
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
@@ -19555,10 +19844,14 @@ that it is purely analytical.
 Currently only used when in DEBUG mode. The macro REGTAIL_STUDY() is used
 to control which is which.
 
+This used to return a value that was ignored.  It was a problem that it is
+#ifdef'd to be another function that didn't return a value.  khw has changed it
+so both currently return a pass/fail return.
+
 */
 /* TODO: All four parms should be const */
 
-STATIC U8
+STATIC bool
 S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_offset p,
                       const regnode_offset val, U32 depth)
 {
@@ -19582,7 +19875,7 @@ S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_offset p,
            bool unfolded_multi_char;   /* Unexamined in this routine */
             if (join_exact(pRExC_state, scan, &min,
                            &unfolded_multi_char, 1, REGNODE_p(val), depth+1))
-                return EXACT;
+                return TRUE; /* Was return EXACT */
        }
 #endif
         if ( exact ) {
@@ -19632,13 +19925,18 @@ S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_offset p,
         );
     });
     if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(REGNODE_p(scan))]) {
+        assert((UV) (val - scan) <= U32_MAX);
        ARG_SET(REGNODE_p(scan), val - scan);
     }
     else {
+        if (val - scan > U16_MAX) {
+            NEXT_OFF(REGNODE_p(scan)) = U16_MAX;
+            return FALSE;
+        }
        NEXT_OFF(REGNODE_p(scan)) = val - scan;
     }
 
-    return exact;
+    return TRUE; /* Was 'return exact' */
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -19996,7 +20294,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
             name_list= RExC_paren_name_list;
         }
         if (name_list) {
-            if ( k != REF || (OP(o) < NREF)) {
+            if ( k != REF || (OP(o) < REFN)) {
                 SV **name= av_fetch(name_list, parno, 0 );
                if (name)
                    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " '%" SVf "'", SVfARG(*name));
@@ -20050,7 +20348,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         /* 2: embedded, otherwise 1 */
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", o->flags);
     else if (k == ANYOF) {
-       const U8 flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(o);
+       const U8 flags = (OP(o) == ANYOFH) ? 0 : ANYOF_FLAGS(o);
         bool do_sep = FALSE;    /* Do we need to separate various components of
                                    the output? */
         /* Set if there is still an unresolved user-defined property */
@@ -20204,6 +20502,11 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         /* And finally the matching, closing ']' */
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
 
+        if (OP(o) == ANYOFH && FLAGS(o) != 0) {
+            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " (First UTF-8 byte=\\x%02x)", FLAGS(o));
+        }
+
+
         SvREFCNT_dec(unresolved);
     }
     else if (k == ANYOFM) {
@@ -20246,8 +20549,13 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         assert(FLAGS(o) < C_ARRAY_LENGTH(bounds));
         sv_catpv(sv, bounds[FLAGS(o)]);
     }
-    else if (k == BRANCHJ && (OP(o) == UNLESSM || OP(o) == IFMATCH))
-       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", -(o->flags));
+    else if (k == BRANCHJ && (OP(o) == UNLESSM || OP(o) == IFMATCH)) {
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d", -(o->flags));
+        if (o->next_off) {
+            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "..-%d", o->flags - o->next_off);
+        }
+       Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "]");
+    }
     else if (OP(o) == SBOL)
         Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " /%s/", o->flags ? "\\A" : "^");
 
@@ -20391,7 +20699,23 @@ Perl_reg_temp_copy(pTHX_ REGEXP *dsv, REGEXP *ssv)
     if (!dsv)
        dsv = (REGEXP*) newSV_type(SVt_REGEXP);
     else {
+        assert(SvTYPE(dsv) == SVt_REGEXP || (SvTYPE(dsv) == SVt_PVLV));
+
+        /* our only valid caller, sv_setsv_flags(), should have done
+         * a SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST_COW_DROP() by now */
+        assert(!SvOOK(dsv));
+        assert(!SvIsCOW(dsv));
+        assert(!SvROK(dsv));
+
+        if (SvPVX_const(dsv)) {
+            if (SvLEN(dsv))
+                Safefree(SvPVX(dsv));
+            SvPVX(dsv) = NULL;
+        }
+        SvLEN_set(dsv, 0);
+        SvCUR_set(dsv, 0);
        SvOK_off((SV *)dsv);
+
        if (islv) {
            /* For PVLVs, the head (sv_any) points to an XPVLV, while
              * the LV's xpvlenu_rx will point to a regexp body, which
@@ -20682,6 +21006,11 @@ Perl_re_dup_guts(pTHX_ const REGEXP *sstr, REGEXP *dstr, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
               2: something we no longer hold a reference on
               so we need to copy it locally.  */
     RX_WRAPPED(dstr) = SAVEPVN(RX_WRAPPED_const(sstr), SvCUR(sstr)+1);
+    /* set malloced length to a non-zero value so it will be freed
+     * (otherwise in combination with SVf_FAKE it looks like an alien
+     * buffer). It doesn't have to be the actual malloced size, since it
+     * should never be grown */
+    SvLEN_set(dstr, SvCUR(sstr)+1);
     ret->mother_re   = NULL;
 }
 #endif /* PERL_IN_XSUB_RE */
@@ -21842,6 +22171,8 @@ Perl_handle_user_defined_property(pTHX_
     const bool is_utf8,         /* ? Is 'name' encoded in UTF-8 */
     const bool to_fold,         /* ? Is this under /i */
     const bool runtime,         /* ? Are we in compile- or run-time */
+    const bool deferrable,      /* Is it ok for this property's full definition
+                                   to be deferred until later? */
     SV* contents,               /* The property's definition */
     bool *user_defined_ptr,     /* This will be set TRUE as we wouldn't be
                                    getting called unless this is thought to be
@@ -21919,7 +22250,7 @@ Perl_handle_user_defined_property(pTHX_
                 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, "%" UTF8f,
                                      UTF8fARG(is_contents_utf8, s - s0, s0));
                 sv_catpvs(msg, "\"");
-                goto return_msg;
+                goto return_failure;
             }
 
             /* Accumulate this digit into the value */
@@ -21954,7 +22285,7 @@ Perl_handle_user_defined_property(pTHX_
                     Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, "%" UTF8f,
                                       UTF8fARG(is_contents_utf8, s - s0, s0));
                     sv_catpvs(msg, "\"");
-                    goto return_msg;
+                    goto return_failure;
                 }
 
                 max = (max << 4) + READ_XDIGIT(s);
@@ -21982,7 +22313,7 @@ Perl_handle_user_defined_property(pTHX_
             Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, "%" UTF8f,
                                 UTF8fARG(is_contents_utf8, s - s0, s0));
             sv_catpvs(msg, "\"");
-            goto return_msg;
+            goto return_failure;
         }
 
 #if 0   /* See explanation at definition above of get_extended_utf8_msg() */
@@ -22029,6 +22360,7 @@ Perl_handle_user_defined_property(pTHX_
 
         this_definition = parse_uniprop_string(s0, s - s0,
                                                is_utf8, to_fold, runtime,
+                                               deferrable,
                                                user_defined_ptr, msg,
                                                (name_len == 0)
                                                 ? level /* Don't increase level
@@ -22036,8 +22368,8 @@ Perl_handle_user_defined_property(pTHX_
                                                 : level + 1
                                               );
         if (this_definition == NULL) {
-            goto return_msg;    /* 'msg' should have had the reason appended to
-                                   it by the above call */
+            goto return_failure;    /* 'msg' should have had the reason
+                                       appended to it by the above call */
         }
 
         if (! is_invlist(this_definition)) {    /* Unknown at this time */
@@ -22094,6 +22426,10 @@ Perl_handle_user_defined_property(pTHX_
     }
 
     /* Otherwise, add some explanatory text, but we will return success */
+    goto return_msg;
+
+  return_failure:
+    running_definition = NULL;
 
   return_msg:
 
@@ -22152,6 +22488,38 @@ S_delete_recursion_entry(pTHX_ void *key)
     RESTORE_CONTEXT;
 }
 
+STATIC SV *
+S_get_fq_name(pTHX_
+              const char * const name,    /* The first non-blank in the \p{}, \P{} */
+              const Size_t name_len,      /* Its length in bytes, not including any trailing space */
+              const bool is_utf8,         /* ? Is 'name' encoded in UTF-8 */
+              const bool has_colon_colon
+             )
+{
+    /* Returns a mortal SV containing the fully qualified version of the input
+     * name */
+
+    SV * fq_name;
+
+    fq_name = newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
+
+    /* Use the current package if it wasn't included in our input */
+    if (! has_colon_colon) {
+        const HV * pkg = (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME)
+                         ? PL_curstash
+                         : CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
+        const char* pkgname = HvNAME(pkg);
+
+        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ fq_name, "%" UTF8f,
+                      UTF8fARG(is_utf8, strlen(pkgname), pkgname));
+        sv_catpvs(fq_name, "::");
+    }
+
+    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ fq_name, "%" UTF8f,
+                         UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_len, name));
+    return fq_name;
+}
+
 SV *
 Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
 
@@ -22180,6 +22548,8 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
     const bool is_utf8,         /* ? Is 'name' encoded in UTF-8 */
     const bool to_fold,         /* ? Is this under /i */
     const bool runtime,         /* TRUE if this is being called at run time */
+    const bool deferrable,      /* TRUE if it's ok for the definition to not be
+                                   known at this call */
     bool *user_defined_ptr,     /* Upon return from this function it will be
                                    set to TRUE if any component is a
                                    user-defined property */
@@ -22218,6 +22588,8 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                                      it is the definition.  Otherwise it is a
                                      string containing the fully qualified sub
                                      name of 'name' */
+    SV * fq_name = NULL;        /* For user-defined properties, the fully
+                                   qualified name */
     bool invert_return = FALSE; /* ? Do we need to complement the result before
                                      returning it */
 
@@ -22364,7 +22736,8 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                 pos_in_brackets = strchr("([<)]>)]>", open);
                 close = (pos_in_brackets) ? pos_in_brackets[3] : open;
 
-                if (   name[name_len-1] != close
+                if (    i >= name_len
+                    ||  name[name_len-1] != close
                     || (escaped && name[name_len-2] != '\\'))
                 {
                     sv_catpvs(msg, "Unicode property wildcard not terminated");
@@ -22420,6 +22793,7 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                                                            is_utf8,
                                                            to_fold,
                                                            runtime,
+                                                           deferrable,
                                                            user_defined_ptr,
                                                            msg,
                                                            level + 1);
@@ -22688,20 +23062,28 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
     if (could_be_user_defined) {
         CV* user_sub;
 
+        /* If the user defined property returns the empty string, it could
+         * easily be because the pattern is being compiled before the data it
+         * actually needs to compile is available.  This could be argued to be
+         * a bug in the perl code, but this is a change of behavior for Perl,
+         * so we handle it.  This means that intentionally returning nothing
+         * will not be resolved until runtime */
+        bool empty_return = FALSE;
+
         /* Here, the name could be for a user defined property, which are
          * implemented as subs. */
         user_sub = get_cvn_flags(name, name_len, 0);
         if (user_sub) {
+            const char insecure[] = "Insecure user-defined property";
 
             /* Here, there is a sub by the correct name.  Normally we call it
              * to get the property definition */
             dSP;
             SV * user_sub_sv = MUTABLE_SV(user_sub);
             SV * error;     /* Any error returned by calling 'user_sub' */
-            SV * fq_name;   /* Fully qualified property name */
+            SV * key;       /* The key into the hash of user defined sub names
+                             */
             SV * placeholder;
-            char to_fold_string[] = "0:";   /* The 0 gets overwritten with the
-                                               actual value */
             SV ** saved_user_prop_ptr;      /* Hash entry for this property */
 
             /* How many times to retry when another thread is in the middle of
@@ -22713,11 +23095,11 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
             /* If we get here, we know this property is user-defined */
             *user_defined_ptr = TRUE;
 
-            /* We refuse to call a tainted subroutine; returning an error
-             * instead */
+            /* We refuse to call a potentially tainted subroutine; returning an
+             * error instead */
             if (TAINT_get) {
                 if (SvCUR(msg) > 0) sv_catpvs(msg, "; ");
-                sv_catpvs(msg, "Insecure user-defined property");
+                sv_catpvn(msg, insecure, sizeof(insecure) - 1);
                 goto append_name_to_msg;
             }
 
@@ -22731,14 +23113,13 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
              * should the need arise, passing the /i status as a parameter.
              *
              * We start by constructing the hash key name, consisting of the
-             * fully qualified subroutine name */
-            fq_name = sv_2mortal(newSV(10));    /* 10 is just a guess */
-            (void) cv_name(user_sub, fq_name, 0);
-
-            /* But precede the sub name in the key with the /i status, so that
-             * there is a key for /i and a different key for non-/i */
-            to_fold_string[0] = to_fold + '0';
-            sv_insert(fq_name, 0, 0, to_fold_string, 2);
+             * fully qualified subroutine name, preceded by the /i status, so
+             * that there is a key for /i and a different key for non-/i */
+            key = newSVpvn(((to_fold) ? "1" : "0"), 1);
+            fq_name = S_get_fq_name(aTHX_ name, name_len, is_utf8,
+                                          non_pkg_begin != 0);
+            sv_catsv(key, fq_name);
+            sv_2mortal(key);
 
             /* We only call the sub once throughout the life of the program
              * (with the /i, non-/i exception noted above).  That means the
@@ -22788,7 +23169,7 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
             /* If we have an entry for this key, the subroutine has already
              * been called once with this /i status. */
             saved_user_prop_ptr = hv_fetch(PL_user_def_props,
-                                           SvPVX(fq_name), SvCUR(fq_name), 0);
+                                                   SvPVX(key), SvCUR(key), 0);
             if (saved_user_prop_ptr) {
 
                 /* If the saved result is an inversion list, it is the valid
@@ -22856,13 +23237,14 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
              * for this property in the hash.  So we have the go ahead to
              * expand the definition ourselves. */
 
+            PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
             ENTER;
 
             /* Create a temporary placeholder in the hash to detect recursion
              * */
             SWITCH_TO_GLOBAL_CONTEXT;
             placeholder= newSVuv(PTR2IV(ORIGINAL_CONTEXT));
-            (void) hv_store_ent(PL_user_def_props, fq_name, placeholder, 0);
+            (void) hv_store_ent(PL_user_def_props, key, placeholder, 0);
             RESTORE_CONTEXT;
 
             /* Now that we have a placeholder, we can let other threads
@@ -22870,7 +23252,7 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
             USER_PROP_MUTEX_UNLOCK;
 
             /* Make sure the placeholder always gets destroyed */
-            SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(S_delete_recursion_entry, SvPVX(fq_name));
+            SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(S_delete_recursion_entry, SvPVX(key));
 
             PUSHMARK(SP);
             SAVETMPS;
@@ -22881,16 +23263,33 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
             XPUSHs(boolSV(to_fold));
             PUTBACK;
 
+            /* The following block was taken from swash_init().  Presumably
+             * they apply to here as well, though we no longer use a swash --
+             * khw */
+            SAVEHINTS();
+            save_re_context();
+            /* We might get here via a subroutine signature which uses a utf8
+             * parameter name, at which point PL_subname will have been set
+             * but not yet used. */
+            save_item(PL_subname);
+
             (void) call_sv(user_sub_sv, G_EVAL|G_SCALAR);
 
             SPAGAIN;
 
             error = ERRSV;
-            if (SvTRUE(error)) {
+            if (TAINT_get || SvTRUE(error)) {
                 if (SvCUR(msg) > 0) sv_catpvs(msg, "; ");
-                sv_catpvs(msg, "Error \"");
-                sv_catsv(msg, error);
-                sv_catpvs(msg, "\"");
+                if (SvTRUE(error)) {
+                    sv_catpvs(msg, "Error \"");
+                    sv_catsv(msg, error);
+                    sv_catpvs(msg, "\"");
+                }
+                if (TAINT_get) {
+                    if (SvTRUE(error)) sv_catpvs(msg, "; ");
+                    sv_catpvn(msg, insecure, sizeof(insecure) - 1);
+                }
+
                 if (name_len > 0) {
                     sv_catpvs(msg, " in expansion of ");
                     Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, "%" UTF8f, UTF8fARG(is_utf8,
@@ -22902,32 +23301,47 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                 prop_definition = NULL;
             }
             else {  /* G_SCALAR guarantees a single return value */
+                SV * contents = POPs;
 
                 /* The contents is supposed to be the expansion of the property
-                 * definition.  Call a function to check for valid syntax and
-                 * handle it */
-                prop_definition = handle_user_defined_property(name, name_len,
+                 * definition.  If the definition is deferrable, and we got an
+                 * empty string back, set a flag to later defer it (after clean
+                 * up below). */
+                if (      deferrable
+                    && (! SvPOK(contents) || SvCUR(contents) == 0))
+                {
+                        empty_return = TRUE;
+                }
+                else { /* Otherwise, call a function to check for valid syntax,
+                          and handle it */
+
+                    prop_definition = handle_user_defined_property(
+                                                    name, name_len,
                                                     is_utf8, to_fold, runtime,
-                                                    POPs, user_defined_ptr,
+                                                    deferrable,
+                                                    contents, user_defined_ptr,
                                                     msg,
                                                     level);
+                }
             }
 
-            /* Here, we have the results of the expansion.  Replace the
-             * placeholder with them.  We need exclusive access to the hash,
-             * and we can't let anyone else in, between when we delete the
-             * placeholder and add the permanent entry */
+            /* Here, we have the results of the expansion.  Delete the
+             * placeholder, and if the definition is now known, replace it with
+             * that definition.  We need exclusive access to the hash, and we
+             * can't let anyone else in, between when we delete the placeholder
+             * and add the permanent entry */
             USER_PROP_MUTEX_LOCK;
 
-            S_delete_recursion_entry(aTHX_ SvPVX(fq_name));
-
-            if (! prop_definition || is_invlist(prop_definition)) {
+            S_delete_recursion_entry(aTHX_ SvPVX(key));
 
+            if (    ! empty_return
+                && (! prop_definition || is_invlist(prop_definition)))
+            {
                 /* If we got success we use the inversion list defining the
                  * property; otherwise use the error message */
                 SWITCH_TO_GLOBAL_CONTEXT;
                 (void) hv_store_ent(PL_user_def_props,
-                                    fq_name,
+                                    key,
                                     ((prop_definition)
                                      ? newSVsv(prop_definition)
                                      : newSVsv(msg)),
@@ -22941,6 +23355,11 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
 
             FREETMPS;
             LEAVE;
+            POPSTACK;
+
+            if (empty_return) {
+                goto definition_deferred;
+            }
 
             if (prop_definition) {
 
@@ -22997,7 +23416,7 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                  * compile time, it might just be that the subroutine for that
                  * property hasn't been encountered yet, but at runtime, it's
                  * an error to try to use an undefined one */
-                if (runtime) {
+                if (! deferrable) {
                     if (SvCUR(msg) > 0) sv_catpvs(msg, "; ");
                     sv_catpvs(msg, "Unknown user-defined property name");
                     goto append_name_to_msg;
@@ -23017,10 +23436,12 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                  * NV. */
 
                 NV value;
+                SSize_t value_len = lookup_len - equals_pos;
 
                 /* Get the value */
-                if (my_atof3(lookup_name + equals_pos, &value,
-                             lookup_len - equals_pos)
+                if (   value_len <= 0
+                    || my_atof3(lookup_name + equals_pos, &value,
+                                value_len)
                           != lookup_name + lookup_len)
                 {
                     goto failed;
@@ -23230,6 +23651,7 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                                                           0, /* Not UTF-8 */
                                                           0, /* Not folded */
                                                           runtime,
+                                                          deferrable,
                                                           pu_definition,
                                                           &dummy,
                                                           msg,
@@ -23285,28 +23707,17 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
   definition_deferred:
 
     /* Here it could yet to be defined, so defer evaluation of this
-     * until its needed at runtime. */
-    prop_definition = newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
-
-    /* To avoid any ambiguity, the package is always specified.
-     * Use the current one if it wasn't included in our input */
-    if (non_pkg_begin == 0) {
-        const HV * pkg = (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME)
-                         ? PL_curstash
-                         : CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
-        const char* pkgname = HvNAME(pkg);
-
-        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ prop_definition, "%" UTF8f,
-                      UTF8fARG(is_utf8, strlen(pkgname), pkgname));
-        sv_catpvs(prop_definition, "::");
+     * until its needed at runtime.  We need the fully qualified property name
+     * to avoid ambiguity, and a trailing newline */
+    if (! fq_name) {
+        fq_name = S_get_fq_name(aTHX_ name, name_len, is_utf8,
+                                      non_pkg_begin != 0 /* If has "::" */
+                               );
     }
-
-    Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ prop_definition, "%" UTF8f,
-                         UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_len, name));
-    sv_catpvs(prop_definition, "\n");
+    sv_catpvs(fq_name, "\n");
 
     *user_defined_ptr = TRUE;
-    return prop_definition;
+    return fq_name;
 }
 
 #endif