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1/* perly.y
2 *
3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
4 * Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
5 *
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8 *
9 */
10
11/*
12 * 'I see,' laughed Strider. 'I look foul and feel fair. Is that it?
13 * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
14 *
15 * [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
16 */
17
18/*
19 * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
20 * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
21 * and perly.act which are derived from this.
22 *
23 * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
24 * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
25 * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
26 *
27 * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
28 * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
29 * an action.
30 */
31
32/* Make the parser re-entrant. */
33
34%pure-parser
35
36%start grammar
37
38%union {
39 I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
40 must always be 1st union member) */
41 char *pval;
42 OP *opval;
43 GV *gvval;
44}
45
46%token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
47
48%token <ival> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '@' '%' '&' '=' '.'
49
50%token <opval> BAREWORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
51%token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
52%token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
53%token <pval> LABEL
54%token <ival> FORMAT SUB SIGSUB ANONSUB ANON_SIGSUB PACKAGE USE
55%token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
56%token <ival> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
57%token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
58%token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
59%token <ival> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
60%token <ival> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
61%token <ival> LOCAL MY REQUIRE
62%token <ival> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
63
64%type <ival> grammar remember mremember
65%type <ival> startsub startanonsub startformsub
66
67%type <ival> mintro
68
69%type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
70%type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
71%type <opval> sliceme kvslice gelem
72%type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr
73%type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr optrepl indirob listop method
74%type <opval> formname subname proto cont my_scalar my_var
75%type <opval> refgen_topic formblock
76%type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
77%type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
78%type <ival> sigslurpsigil
79%type <opval> sigvarname sigdefault sigscalarelem sigslurpelem
80%type <opval> sigelem siglist siglistornull subsignature optsubsignature
81%type <opval> subbody optsubbody sigsubbody optsigsubbody
82%type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
83
84%nonassoc <ival> PREC_LOW
85%nonassoc LOOPEX
86
87%left <ival> OROP DOROP
88%left <ival> ANDOP
89%right <ival> NOTOP
90%nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
91%left <ival> ','
92%right <ival> ASSIGNOP
93%right <ival> '?' ':'
94%nonassoc DOTDOT
95%left <ival> OROR DORDOR
96%left <ival> ANDAND
97%left <ival> BITOROP
98%left <ival> BITANDOP
99%nonassoc EQOP
100%nonassoc RELOP
101%nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
102%nonassoc REQUIRE
103%left <ival> SHIFTOP
104%left ADDOP
105%left MULOP
106%left <ival> MATCHOP
107%right <ival> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
108%right <ival> POWOP
109%nonassoc <ival> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC POSTJOIN
110%left <ival> ARROW
111%nonassoc <ival> ')'
112%left <ival> '('
113%left '[' '{'
114
115%% /* RULES */
116
117/* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
118grammar : GRAMPROG
119 {
120 parser->expect = XSTATE;
121 $<ival>$ = 0;
122 }
123 remember stmtseq
124 {
125 newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
126 PL_compiling.cop_seq = 0;
127 $$ = 0;
128 }
129 | GRAMEXPR
130 {
131 parser->expect = XTERM;
132 $<ival>$ = 0;
133 }
134 optexpr
135 {
136 PL_eval_root = $3;
137 $$ = 0;
138 }
139 | GRAMBLOCK
140 {
141 parser->expect = XBLOCK;
142 $<ival>$ = 0;
143 }
144 block
145 {
146 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
147 PL_eval_root = $3;
148 $$ = 0;
149 yyunlex();
150 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
151 }
152 | GRAMBARESTMT
153 {
154 parser->expect = XSTATE;
155 $<ival>$ = 0;
156 }
157 barestmt
158 {
159 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
160 PL_eval_root = $3;
161 $$ = 0;
162 yyunlex();
163 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
164 }
165 | GRAMFULLSTMT
166 {
167 parser->expect = XSTATE;
168 $<ival>$ = 0;
169 }
170 fullstmt
171 {
172 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
173 PL_eval_root = $3;
174 $$ = 0;
175 yyunlex();
176 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
177 }
178 | GRAMSTMTSEQ
179 {
180 parser->expect = XSTATE;
181 $<ival>$ = 0;
182 }
183 stmtseq
184 {
185 PL_eval_root = $3;
186 $$ = 0;
187 }
188 ;
189
190/* An ordinary block */
191block : '{' remember stmtseq '}'
192 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
193 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
194 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
195 }
196 ;
197
198/* format body */
199formblock: '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
200 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
201 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
202 $$ = block_end($2, $5);
203 }
204 ;
205
206remember: /* NULL */ /* start a full lexical scope */
207 { $$ = block_start(TRUE);
208 parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
209 ;
210
211mblock : '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
212 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
213 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
214 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
215 }
216 ;
217
218mremember: /* NULL */ /* start a partial lexical scope */
219 { $$ = block_start(FALSE);
220 parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
221 ;
222
223/* A sequence of statements in the program */
224stmtseq : /* NULL */
225 { $$ = NULL; }
226 | stmtseq fullstmt
227 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
228 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
229 if ($1 && $2)
230 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
231 }
232 ;
233
234/* A sequence of format lines */
235formstmtseq: /* NULL */
236 { $$ = NULL; }
237 | formstmtseq formline
238 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
239 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
240 if ($1 && $2)
241 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
242 }
243 ;
244
245/* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
246fullstmt: barestmt
247 {
248 $$ = $1 ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1) : NULL;
249 }
250 | labfullstmt
251 { $$ = $1; }
252 ;
253
254labfullstmt: LABEL barestmt
255 {
256 $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8 * $1[strlen($1)+1], $1, $2);
257 }
258 | LABEL labfullstmt
259 {
260 $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8 * $1[strlen($1)+1], $1, $2);
261 }
262 ;
263
264/* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
265barestmt: PLUGSTMT
266 { $$ = $1; }
267 | FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
268 {
269 CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
270 newFORM($2, $3, $4);
271 $$ = NULL;
272 if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
273 pad_add_weakref(fmtcv);
274 }
275 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
276 }
277 | SUB subname startsub
278 /* sub declaration or definition not within scope
279 of 'use feature "signatures"'*/
280 {
281 init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $2);
282 parser->in_my = 0;
283 parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
284 }
285 proto subattrlist optsubbody
286 {
287 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
288 $2->op_type == OP_CONST
289 ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
290 : newMYSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
291 ;
292 $$ = NULL;
293 intro_my();
294 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
295 }
296 | SIGSUB subname startsub
297 /* sub declaration or definition under 'use feature
298 * "signatures"'. (Note that a signature isn't
299 * allowed in a declaration)
300 */
301 {
302 init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $2);
303 parser->in_my = 0;
304 parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
305 }
306 subattrlist optsigsubbody
307 {
308 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
309 $2->op_type == OP_CONST
310 ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, NULL, $5, $6)
311 : newMYSUB( $3, $2, NULL, $5, $6)
312 ;
313 $$ = NULL;
314 intro_my();
315 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
316 }
317 | PACKAGE BAREWORD BAREWORD ';'
318 {
319 package($3);
320 if ($2)
321 package_version($2);
322 $$ = NULL;
323 }
324 | USE startsub
325 { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
326 BAREWORD BAREWORD optlistexpr ';'
327 {
328 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
329 utilize($1, $2, $4, $5, $6);
330 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
331 $$ = NULL;
332 }
333 | IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
334 {
335 $$ = block_end($3,
336 newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
337 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
338 }
339 | UNLESS '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
340 {
341 $$ = block_end($3,
342 newCONDOP(0, $4, $7, op_scope($6)));
343 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
344 }
345 | GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
346 {
347 $$ = block_end($3, newGIVENOP($4, op_scope($6), 0));
348 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
349 }
350 | WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
351 { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
352 | DEFAULT block
353 { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
354 | WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
355 {
356 $$ = block_end($3,
357 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
358 $4, $7, $8, $6));
359 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
360 }
361 | UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
362 {
363 $$ = block_end($3,
364 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
365 $4, $7, $8, $6));
366 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
367 }
368 | FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';'
369 { parser->expect = XTERM; }
370 texpr ';'
371 { parser->expect = XTERM; }
372 mintro mnexpr ')'
373 mblock
374 {
375 OP *initop = $4;
376 OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
377 scalar($7), $13, $11, $10);
378 if (initop) {
379 forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
380 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
381 newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
382 forop));
383 }
384 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
385 $$ = block_end($3, forop);
386 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
387 }
388 | FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
389 {
390 $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
391 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
392 }
393 | FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
394 {
395 $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
396 op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
397 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
398 }
399 | FOR my_refgen remember my_var
400 { parser->in_my = 0; $<opval>$ = my($4); }
401 '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
402 {
403 $$ = block_end(
404 $3,
405 newFOROP(0,
406 op_lvalue(
407 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
408 $<opval>5),
409 OP_ENTERLOOP),
410 $7, $9, $10)
411 );
412 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
413 }
414 | FOR REFGEN refgen_topic '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
415 {
416 $$ = block_end($5, newFOROP(
417 0, op_lvalue(newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
418 $3),
419 OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
420 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
421 }
422 | FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
423 {
424 $$ = block_end($3,
425 newFOROP(0, NULL, $4, $6, $7));
426 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
427 }
428 | block cont
429 {
430 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
431 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
432 NULL, $1, $2, 0);
433 }
434 | PACKAGE BAREWORD BAREWORD '{' remember
435 {
436 package($3);
437 if ($2) {
438 package_version($2);
439 }
440 }
441 stmtseq '}'
442 {
443 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
444 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
445 NULL, block_end($5, $7), NULL, 0);
446 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$4)
447 parser->copline = (line_t)$4;
448 }
449 | sideff ';'
450 {
451 $$ = $1;
452 }
453 | YADAYADA ';'
454 {
455 $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
456 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
457 }
458 | ';'
459 {
460 $$ = NULL;
461 parser->copline = NOLINE;
462 }
463 ;
464
465/* Format line */
466formline: THING formarg
467 { OP *list;
468 if ($2) {
469 OP *term = $2;
470 list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
471 }
472 else {
473 list = $1;
474 }
475 if (parser->copline == NOLINE)
476 parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
477 else parser->copline--;
478 $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
479 op_convert_list(OP_FORMLINE, 0, list));
480 }
481 ;
482
483formarg : /* NULL */
484 { $$ = NULL; }
485 | FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
486 { $$ = op_unscope($2); }
487 ;
488
489/* An expression which may have a side-effect */
490sideff : error
491 { $$ = NULL; }
492 | expr
493 { $$ = $1; }
494 | expr IF expr
495 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1); }
496 | expr UNLESS expr
497 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1); }
498 | expr WHILE expr
499 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1); }
500 | expr UNTIL iexpr
501 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1); }
502 | expr FOR expr
503 { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, $3, $1, NULL);
504 parser->copline = (line_t)$2; }
505 | expr WHEN expr
506 { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
507 ;
508
509/* else and elsif blocks */
510else : /* NULL */
511 { $$ = NULL; }
512 | ELSE mblock
513 {
514 ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
515 $$ = op_scope($2);
516 }
517 | ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
518 { parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
519 $$ = newCONDOP(0,
520 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
521 op_scope($5), $6);
522 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
523 }
524 ;
525
526/* Continue blocks */
527cont : /* NULL */
528 { $$ = NULL; }
529 | CONTINUE block
530 { $$ = op_scope($2); }
531 ;
532
533/* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
534mintro : /* NULL */
535 { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
536 PL_max_intro_pending >= PL_min_intro_pending);
537 intro_my(); }
538
539/* Normal expression */
540nexpr : /* NULL */
541 { $$ = NULL; }
542 | sideff
543 ;
544
545/* Boolean expression */
546texpr : /* NULL means true */
547 { YYSTYPE tmplval;
548 (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
549 $$ = tmplval.opval; }
550 | expr
551 ;
552
553/* Inverted boolean expression */
554iexpr : expr
555 { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
556 ;
557
558/* Expression with its own lexical scope */
559mexpr : expr
560 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
561 ;
562
563mnexpr : nexpr
564 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
565 ;
566
567formname: BAREWORD { $$ = $1; }
568 | /* NULL */ { $$ = NULL; }
569 ;
570
571startsub: /* NULL */ /* start a regular subroutine scope */
572 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
573 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
574
575 ;
576
577startanonsub: /* NULL */ /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
578 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
579 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
580 ;
581
582startformsub: /* NULL */ /* start a format subroutine scope */
583 { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
584 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
585 ;
586
587/* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
588subname : BAREWORD
589 | PRIVATEREF
590 ;
591
592/* Subroutine prototype */
593proto : /* NULL */
594 { $$ = NULL; }
595 | THING
596 ;
597
598/* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
599subattrlist: /* NULL */
600 { $$ = NULL; }
601 | COLONATTR THING
602 { $$ = $2; }
603 | COLONATTR
604 { $$ = NULL; }
605 ;
606
607/* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
608myattrlist: COLONATTR THING
609 { $$ = $2; }
610 | COLONATTR
611 { $$ = NULL; }
612 ;
613
614
615
616/* --------------------------------------
617 * subroutine signature parsing
618 */
619
620/* the '' or 'foo' part of a '$' or '@foo' etc signature variable */
621sigvarname: /* NULL */
622 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = NULL; }
623 | PRIVATEREF
624 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = $1; }
625 ;
626
627sigslurpsigil:
628 '@'
629 { $$ = '@'; }
630 | '%'
631 { $$ = '%'; }
632
633/* @, %, @foo, %foo */
634sigslurpelem: sigslurpsigil sigvarname sigdefault/* def only to catch errors */
635 {
636 I32 sigil = $1;
637 OP *var = $2;
638 OP *defexpr = $3;
639
640 if (parser->sig_slurpy)
641 yyerror("Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed");
642 parser->sig_slurpy = (char)sigil;
643
644 if (defexpr)
645 yyerror("A slurpy parameter may not have "
646 "a default value");
647
648 $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
649 }
650 ;
651
652/* default part of sub signature scalar element: i.e. '= default_expr' */
653sigdefault: /* NULL */
654 { $$ = NULL; }
655 | ASSIGNOP
656 { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0); }
657 | ASSIGNOP term
658 { $$ = $2; }
659
660
661/* subroutine signature scalar element: e.g. '$x', '$=', '$x = $default' */
662sigscalarelem:
663 '$' sigvarname sigdefault
664 {
665 OP *var = $2;
666 OP *defexpr = $3;
667
668 if (parser->sig_slurpy)
669 yyerror("Slurpy parameter not last");
670
671 parser->sig_elems++;
672
673 if (defexpr) {
674 parser->sig_optelems++;
675
676 if ( defexpr->op_type == OP_NULL
677 && !(defexpr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
678 {
679 /* handle '$=' special case */
680 if (var)
681 yyerror("Optional parameter "
682 "lacks default expression");
683 op_free(defexpr);
684 }
685 else {
686 /* a normal '=default' expression */
687 OP *defop = (OP*)alloc_LOGOP(OP_ARGDEFELEM,
688 defexpr,
689 LINKLIST(defexpr));
690 /* re-purpose op_targ to hold @_ index */
691 defop->op_targ =
692 (PADOFFSET)(parser->sig_elems - 1);
693
694 if (var) {
695 var->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
696 (void)op_sibling_splice(var,
697 NULL, 0, defop);
698 scalar(defop);
699 }
700 else
701 var = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, defop);
702
703 LINKLIST(var);
704 /* NB: normally the first child of a
705 * logop is executed before the logop,
706 * and it pushes a boolean result
707 * ready for the logop. For ARGDEFELEM,
708 * the op itself does the boolean
709 * calculation, so set the first op to
710 * it instead.
711 */
712 var->op_next = defop;
713 defexpr->op_next = var;
714 }
715 }
716 else {
717 if (parser->sig_optelems)
718 yyerror("Mandatory parameter "
719 "follows optional parameter");
720 }
721
722 $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
723 }
724 ;
725
726
727/* subroutine signature element: e.g. '$x = $default' or '%h' */
728sigelem: sigscalarelem
729 { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $1; }
730 | sigslurpelem
731 { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $1; }
732 ;
733
734/* list of subroutine signature elements */
735siglist:
736 siglist ','
737 { $$ = $1; }
738 | siglist ',' sigelem
739 {
740 $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $3);
741 }
742 | sigelem %prec PREC_LOW
743 { $$ = $1; }
744 ;
745
746/* () or (....) */
747siglistornull: /* NULL */
748 { $$ = NULL; }
749 | siglist
750 { $$ = $1; }
751
752/* optional subroutine signature */
753optsubsignature: /* NULL */
754 { $$ = NULL; }
755 | subsignature
756 { $$ = $1; }
757
758/* Subroutine signature */
759subsignature: '('
760 {
761 ENTER;
762 SAVEIV(parser->sig_elems);
763 SAVEIV(parser->sig_optelems);
764 SAVEI8(parser->sig_slurpy);
765 parser->sig_elems = 0;
766 parser->sig_optelems = 0;
767 parser->sig_slurpy = 0;
768 parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar;
769 }
770 siglistornull
771 ')'
772 {
773 OP *sigops = $3;
774 UNOP_AUX_item *aux;
775 OP *check;
776
777 if (!FEATURE_SIGNATURES_IS_ENABLED)
778 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Experimental "
779 "subroutine signatures not enabled");
780
781 /* We shouldn't get here otherwise */
782 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
783 packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SIGNATURES),
784 "The signatures feature is experimental");
785
786 aux = (UNOP_AUX_item*)PerlMemShared_malloc(
787 sizeof(UNOP_AUX_item) * 3);
788 aux[0].iv = parser->sig_elems;
789 aux[1].iv = parser->sig_optelems;
790 aux[2].iv = parser->sig_slurpy;
791 check = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, NULL, aux);
792 sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, check, sigops);
793 sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
794 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL),
795 sigops);
796 /* a nextstate at the end handles context
797 * correctly for an empty sub body */
798 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
799 sigops,
800 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL));
801
802 parser->in_my = 0;
803 /* tell the toker that attrributes can follow
804 * this sig, but only so that the toker
805 * can skip through any (illegal) trailing
806 * attribute text then give a useful error
807 * message about "attributes before sig",
808 * rather than falling over ina mess at
809 * unrecognised syntax.
810 */
811 parser->expect = XATTRBLOCK;
812 parser->sig_seen = TRUE;
813 LEAVE;
814 }
815 ;
816
817/* Optional subroutine body (for named subroutine declaration) */
818optsubbody: subbody { $$ = $1; }
819 | ';' { $$ = NULL; }
820 ;
821
822
823/* Subroutine body (without signature) */
824subbody: remember '{' stmtseq '}'
825 {
826 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$2)
827 parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
828 $$ = block_end($1, $3);
829 }
830 ;
831
832
833/* optional [ Subroutine body with optional signature ] (for named
834 * subroutine declaration) */
835optsigsubbody: sigsubbody { $$ = $1; }
836 | ';' { $$ = NULL; }
837
838/* Subroutine body with optional signature */
839sigsubbody: remember optsubsignature '{' stmtseq '}'
840 {
841 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$3)
842 parser->copline = (line_t)$3;
843 $$ = block_end($1,
844 op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $2, $4));
845 }
846 ;
847
848
849/* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
850expr : expr ANDOP expr
851 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
852 | expr OROP expr
853 { $$ = newLOGOP($2, 0, $1, $3); }
854 | expr DOROP expr
855 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
856 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
857 ;
858
859/* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
860listexpr: listexpr ','
861 { $$ = $1; }
862 | listexpr ',' term
863 {
864 OP* term = $3;
865 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
866 }
867 | term %prec PREC_LOW
868 ;
869
870/* List operators */
871listop : LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
872 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
873 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$2), $3) );
874 }
875 | FUNC '(' indirob expr ')' /* print ($fh @args */
876 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
877 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$3), $4) );
878 }
879 | term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
880 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
881 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
882 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
883 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
884 }
885 | term ARROW method /* $foo->bar */
886 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
887 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
888 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
889 }
890 | METHOD indirob optlistexpr /* new Class @args */
891 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
892 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
893 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
894 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
895 }
896 | FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')' /* method $object (@args) */
897 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
898 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
899 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
900 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
901 }
902 | LSTOP optlistexpr /* print @args */
903 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $2); }
904 | FUNC '(' optexpr ')' /* print (@args) */
905 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $3); }
906 | LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@); f { foo } ... */
907 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
908 $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, NULL, $3); }
909 optlistexpr %prec LSTOP /* ... @bar */
910 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
911 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
912 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
913 }
914 ;
915
916/* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
917method : METHOD
918 | scalar
919 ;
920
921/* Some kind of subscripted expression */
922subscripted: gelem '{' expr ';' '}' /* *main::{something} */
923 /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
924 * provided by the tokeniser */
925 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
926 | scalar '[' expr ']' /* $array[$element] */
927 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
928 }
929 | term ARROW '[' expr ']' /* somearef->[$element] */
930 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
931 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
932 scalar($4));
933 }
934 | subscripted '[' expr ']' /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
935 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
936 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
937 scalar($3));
938 }
939 | scalar '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo{bar();} */
940 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
941 }
942 | term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
943 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
944 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
945 jmaybe($4)); }
946 | subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
947 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
948 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
949 jmaybe($3)); }
950 | term ARROW '(' ')' /* $subref->() */
951 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
952 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
953 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
954 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
955 }
956 | term ARROW '(' expr ')' /* $subref->(@args) */
957 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
958 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
959 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
960 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
961 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
962 }
963
964 | subscripted '(' expr ')' /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
965 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
966 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
967 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
968 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
969 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
970 }
971 | subscripted '(' ')' /* $foo->{bar}->() */
972 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
973 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
974 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
975 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
976 }
977 | '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']' /* list slice */
978 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2); }
979 | QWLIST '[' expr ']' /* list literal slice */
980 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1); }
981 | '(' ')' '[' expr ']' /* empty list slice! */
982 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, NULL); }
983 ;
984
985/* Binary operators between terms */
986termbinop: term ASSIGNOP term /* $x = $y, $x += $y */
987 { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, $2, $3); }
988 | term POWOP term /* $x ** $y */
989 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
990 | term MULOP term /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
991 { if ($2 != OP_REPEAT)
992 scalar($1);
993 $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, $1, scalar($3));
994 }
995 | term ADDOP term /* $x + $y */
996 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
997 | term SHIFTOP term /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
998 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
999 | term RELOP term /* $x > $y, etc. */
1000 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
1001 | term EQOP term /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
1002 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
1003 | term BITANDOP term /* $x & $y */
1004 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
1005 | term BITOROP term /* $x | $y */
1006 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
1007 | term DOTDOT term /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
1008 { $$ = newRANGE($2, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
1009 | term ANDAND term /* $x && $y */
1010 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
1011 | term OROR term /* $x || $y */
1012 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3); }
1013 | term DORDOR term /* $x // $y */
1014 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
1015 | term MATCHOP term /* $x =~ /$y/ */
1016 { $$ = bind_match($2, $1, $3); }
1017 ;
1018
1019/* Unary operators and terms */
1020termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS /* -$x */
1021 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2)); }
1022 | '+' term %prec UMINUS /* +$x */
1023 { $$ = $2; }
1024
1025 | '!' term /* !$x */
1026 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
1027 | '~' term /* ~$x */
1028 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, scalar($2)); }
1029 | term POSTINC /* $x++ */
1030 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1031 op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC)); }
1032 | term POSTDEC /* $x-- */
1033 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1034 op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));}
1035 | term POSTJOIN /* implicit join after interpolated ->@ */
1036 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_JOIN, 0,
1037 op_append_elem(
1038 OP_LIST,
1039 newSVREF(scalar(
1040 newSVOP(OP_CONST,0,
1041 newSVpvs("\""))
1042 )),
1043 $1
1044 ));
1045 }
1046 | PREINC term /* ++$x */
1047 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1048 op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC)); }
1049 | PREDEC term /* --$x */
1050 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1051 op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC)); }
1052
1053 ;
1054
1055/* Constructors for anonymous data */
1056anonymous: '[' expr ']'
1057 { $$ = newANONLIST($2); }
1058 | '[' ']'
1059 { $$ = newANONLIST(NULL);}
1060 | HASHBRACK expr ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1061 { $$ = newANONHASH($2); }
1062 | HASHBRACK ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1063 { $$ = newANONHASH(NULL); }
1064 | ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist subbody %prec '('
1065 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1066 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5); }
1067 | ANON_SIGSUB startanonsub subattrlist sigsubbody %prec '('
1068 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1069 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, NULL, $3, $4); }
1070 ;
1071
1072/* Things called with "do" */
1073termdo : DO term %prec UNIOP /* do $filename */
1074 { $$ = dofile($2, $1);}
1075 | DO block %prec '(' /* do { code */
1076 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));}
1077 ;
1078
1079term : termbinop
1080 | termunop
1081 | anonymous
1082 | termdo
1083 | term '?' term ':' term
1084 { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5); }
1085 | REFGEN term /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1086 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, $2); }
1087 | MY REFGEN term
1088 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, localize($3,1)); }
1089 | myattrterm %prec UNIOP
1090 { $$ = $1; }
1091 | LOCAL term %prec UNIOP
1092 { $$ = localize($2,0); }
1093 | '(' expr ')'
1094 { $$ = sawparens($2); }
1095 | QWLIST
1096 { $$ = $1; }
1097 | '(' ')'
1098 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
1099 | scalar %prec '('
1100 { $$ = $1; }
1101 | star %prec '('
1102 { $$ = $1; }
1103 | hsh %prec '('
1104 { $$ = $1; }
1105 | ary %prec '('
1106 { $$ = $1; }
1107 | arylen %prec '(' /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1108 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1109 | subscripted
1110 { $$ = $1; }
1111 | sliceme '[' expr ']' /* array slice */
1112 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1113 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1114 newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1115 list($3),
1116 ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1117 if ($$ && $1)
1118 $$->op_private |=
1119 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1120 }
1121 | kvslice '[' expr ']' /* array key/value slice */
1122 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVASLICE,
1123 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1124 newLISTOP(OP_KVASLICE, 0,
1125 list($3),
1126 ref(oopsAV($1), OP_KVASLICE)));
1127 if ($$ && $1)
1128 $$->op_private |=
1129 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1130 }
1131 | sliceme '{' expr ';' '}' /* @hash{@keys} */
1132 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1133 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1134 newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1135 list($3),
1136 ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1137 if ($$ && $1)
1138 $$->op_private |=
1139 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1140 }
1141 | kvslice '{' expr ';' '}' /* %hash{@keys} */
1142 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVHSLICE,
1143 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1144 newLISTOP(OP_KVHSLICE, 0,
1145 list($3),
1146 ref($1, OP_KVHSLICE)));
1147 if ($$ && $1)
1148 $$->op_private |=
1149 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1150 }
1151 | THING %prec '('
1152 { $$ = $1; }
1153 | amper /* &foo; */
1154 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1155 | amper '(' ')' /* &foo() or foo() */
1156 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1157 }
1158 | amper '(' expr ')' /* &foo(@args) or foo(@args) */
1159 {
1160 $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1161 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1162 }
1163 | NOAMP subname optlistexpr /* foo @args (no parens) */
1164 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1165 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1166 }
1167 | term ARROW '$' '*'
1168 { $$ = newSVREF($1); }
1169 | term ARROW '@' '*'
1170 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1171 | term ARROW '%' '*'
1172 { $$ = newHVREF($1); }
1173 | term ARROW '&' '*'
1174 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0,
1175 scalar(newCVREF($3,$1))); }
1176 | term ARROW '*' '*' %prec '('
1177 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1); }
1178 | LOOPEX /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1179 { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL);
1180 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
1181 | LOOPEX term
1182 { $$ = newLOOPEX($1,$2); }
1183 | NOTOP listexpr /* not $foo */
1184 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
1185 | UNIOP /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1186 { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
1187 | UNIOP block /* eval { foo }* */
1188 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
1189 | UNIOP term /* Unary op */
1190 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
1191 | REQUIRE /* require, $_ implied */
1192 { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
1193 | REQUIRE term /* require Foo */
1194 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2); }
1195 | UNIOPSUB
1196 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1197 | UNIOPSUB term /* Sub treated as unop */
1198 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1199 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1200 | FUNC0 /* Nullary operator */
1201 { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
1202 | FUNC0 '(' ')'
1203 { $$ = newOP($1, 0);}
1204 | FUNC0OP /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
1205 { $$ = $1; }
1206 | FUNC0OP '(' ')'
1207 { $$ = $1; }
1208 | FUNC0SUB /* Sub treated as nullop */
1209 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1210 | FUNC1 '(' ')' /* not () */
1211 { $$ = ($1 == OP_NOT)
1212 ? newUNOP($1, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1213 : newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
1214 | FUNC1 '(' expr ')' /* not($foo) */
1215 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $3); }
1216 | PMFUNC /* m//, s///, qr//, tr/// */
1217 {
1218 if ( $1->op_type != OP_TRANS
1219 && $1->op_type != OP_TRANSR
1220 && (((PMOP*)$1)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
1221 {
1222 $<ival>$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
1223 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
1224 } else
1225 $<ival>$ = 0;
1226 }
1227 '(' listexpr optrepl ')'
1228 { $$ = pmruntime($1, $4, $5, 1, $<ival>2); }
1229 | BAREWORD
1230 | listop
1231 | PLUGEXPR
1232 ;
1233
1234/* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1235myattrterm: MY myterm myattrlist
1236 { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3); }
1237 | MY myterm
1238 { $$ = localize($2,1); }
1239 | MY REFGEN myterm myattrlist
1240 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, my_attrs($3,$4)); }
1241 ;
1242
1243/* Things that can be "my"'d */
1244myterm : '(' expr ')'
1245 { $$ = sawparens($2); }
1246 | '(' ')'
1247 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
1248
1249 | scalar %prec '('
1250 { $$ = $1; }
1251 | hsh %prec '('
1252 { $$ = $1; }
1253 | ary %prec '('
1254 { $$ = $1; }
1255 ;
1256
1257/* Basic list expressions */
1258optlistexpr: /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1259 { $$ = NULL; }
1260 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
1261 { $$ = $1; }
1262 ;
1263
1264optexpr: /* NULL */
1265 { $$ = NULL; }
1266 | expr
1267 { $$ = $1; }
1268 ;
1269
1270optrepl: /* NULL */
1271 { $$ = NULL; }
1272 | '/' expr
1273 { $$ = $2; }
1274 ;
1275
1276/* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1277 lexical */
1278my_scalar: scalar
1279 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1280 ;
1281
1282my_var : scalar
1283 | ary
1284 | hsh
1285 ;
1286
1287refgen_topic: my_var
1288 | amper
1289 ;
1290
1291my_refgen: MY REFGEN
1292 | REFGEN MY
1293 ;
1294
1295amper : '&' indirob
1296 { $$ = newCVREF($1,$2); }
1297 ;
1298
1299scalar : '$' indirob
1300 { $$ = newSVREF($2); }
1301 ;
1302
1303ary : '@' indirob
1304 { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1305 if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
1306 }
1307 ;
1308
1309hsh : '%' indirob
1310 { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1311 if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
1312 }
1313 ;
1314
1315arylen : DOLSHARP indirob
1316 { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
1317 | term ARROW DOLSHARP '*'
1318 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1319 ;
1320
1321star : '*' indirob
1322 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2); }
1323 ;
1324
1325sliceme : ary
1326 | term ARROW '@'
1327 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1328 ;
1329
1330kvslice : hsh
1331 | term ARROW '%'
1332 { $$ = newHVREF($1); }
1333 ;
1334
1335gelem : star
1336 | term ARROW '*'
1337 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1); }
1338 ;
1339
1340/* Indirect objects */
1341indirob : BAREWORD
1342 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1343 | scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1344 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1345 | block
1346 { $$ = op_scope($1); }
1347
1348 | PRIVATEREF
1349 { $$ = $1; }
1350 ;
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