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1/* perly.y
2 *
3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
4 * Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
5 *
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8 *
9 */
10
11/*
12 * 'I see,' laughed Strider. 'I look foul and feel fair. Is that it?
13 * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
14 *
15 * [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
16 */
17
18/*
19 * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
20 * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
21 * and perly.act which are derived from this.
22 *
23 * The main job of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
24 * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
25 * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
26 *
27 * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
28 * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
29 * an action.
30 */
31
32/* Make the parser re-entrant. */
33
34%define api.pure
35
36%start grammar
37
38%union {
39 I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
40 must always be 1st union member) */
41 char *pval;
42 OP *opval;
43 GV *gvval;
44}
45
46%token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ GRAMSUBSIGNATURE
47
48%token <ival> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '@' '%' '&' '=' '.'
49
50%token <opval> BAREWORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
51%token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
52%token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
53%token <opval> LABEL
54%token <ival> FORMAT SUB SIGSUB ANONSUB ANON_SIGSUB PACKAGE USE
55%token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
56%token <ival> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
57%token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
58%token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
59%token <ival> MULOP ADDOP
60%token <ival> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
61%token <ival> LOCAL MY REQUIRE
62%token <ival> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
63%token <ival> SUBLEXSTART SUBLEXEND
64
65%type <ival> grammar remember mremember
66%type <ival> startsub startanonsub startformsub
67
68%type <ival> mintro
69
70%type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
71%type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
72%type <opval> condition
73%type <opval> sliceme kvslice gelem
74%type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr
75%type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr optrepl indirob listop method
76%type <opval> formname subname proto cont my_scalar my_var
77%type <opval> refgen_topic formblock
78%type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
79%type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
80%type <opval> termrelop relopchain termeqop eqopchain
81%type <ival> sigslurpsigil
82%type <opval> sigvarname sigdefault sigscalarelem sigslurpelem
83%type <opval> sigelem siglist siglistornull subsigguts subsignature optsubsignature
84%type <opval> subbody optsubbody sigsubbody optsigsubbody
85%type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
86
87%nonassoc <ival> PREC_LOW
88%nonassoc LOOPEX
89
90%left <ival> OROP DOROP
91%left <ival> ANDOP
92%right <ival> NOTOP
93%nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
94%left <ival> ','
95%right <ival> ASSIGNOP
96%right <ival> '?' ':'
97%nonassoc DOTDOT
98%left <ival> OROR DORDOR
99%left <ival> ANDAND
100%left <ival> BITOROP
101%left <ival> BITANDOP
102%left <ival> CHEQOP NCEQOP
103%left <ival> CHRELOP NCRELOP
104%nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
105%nonassoc REQUIRE
106%left <ival> SHIFTOP
107%left ADDOP
108%left MULOP
109%left <ival> MATCHOP
110%right <ival> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
111%right <ival> POWOP
112%nonassoc <ival> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC POSTJOIN
113%left <ival> ARROW
114%nonassoc <ival> ')'
115%left <ival> '('
116%left '[' '{'
117
118%% /* RULES */
119
120/* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
121grammar : GRAMPROG
122 {
123 parser->expect = XSTATE;
124 $<ival>$ = 0;
125 }
126 remember stmtseq
127 {
128 newPROG(block_end($remember,$stmtseq));
129 PL_compiling.cop_seq = 0;
130 $$ = 0;
131 }
132 | GRAMEXPR
133 {
134 parser->expect = XTERM;
135 $<ival>$ = 0;
136 }
137 optexpr
138 {
139 PL_eval_root = $optexpr;
140 $$ = 0;
141 }
142 | GRAMBLOCK
143 {
144 parser->expect = XBLOCK;
145 $<ival>$ = 0;
146 }
147 block
148 {
149 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
150 PL_eval_root = $block;
151 $$ = 0;
152 yyunlex();
153 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
154 }
155 | GRAMBARESTMT
156 {
157 parser->expect = XSTATE;
158 $<ival>$ = 0;
159 }
160 barestmt
161 {
162 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
163 PL_eval_root = $barestmt;
164 $$ = 0;
165 yyunlex();
166 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
167 }
168 | GRAMFULLSTMT
169 {
170 parser->expect = XSTATE;
171 $<ival>$ = 0;
172 }
173 fullstmt
174 {
175 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
176 PL_eval_root = $fullstmt;
177 $$ = 0;
178 yyunlex();
179 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
180 }
181 | GRAMSTMTSEQ
182 {
183 parser->expect = XSTATE;
184 $<ival>$ = 0;
185 }
186 stmtseq
187 {
188 PL_eval_root = $stmtseq;
189 $$ = 0;
190 }
191 | GRAMSUBSIGNATURE
192 {
193 parser->expect = XSTATE;
194 $<ival>$ = 0;
195 }
196 subsigguts
197 {
198 PL_eval_root = $subsigguts;
199 $$ = 0;
200 }
201 ;
202
203/* An ordinary block */
204block : '{' remember stmtseq '}'
205 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
206 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
207 $$ = block_end($remember, $stmtseq);
208 }
209 ;
210
211/* format body */
212formblock: '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
213 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
214 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
215 $$ = block_end($remember, $formstmtseq);
216 }
217 ;
218
219remember: /* NULL */ /* start a full lexical scope */
220 { $$ = block_start(TRUE);
221 parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
222 ;
223
224mblock : '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
225 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
226 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
227 $$ = block_end($mremember, $stmtseq);
228 }
229 ;
230
231mremember: /* NULL */ /* start a partial lexical scope */
232 { $$ = block_start(FALSE);
233 parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
234 ;
235
236/* A sequence of statements in the program */
237stmtseq : /* NULL */
238 { $$ = NULL; }
239 | stmtseq[list] fullstmt
240 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $list, $fullstmt);
241 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
242 if ($list && $fullstmt)
243 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
244 }
245 ;
246
247/* A sequence of format lines */
248formstmtseq: /* NULL */
249 { $$ = NULL; }
250 | formstmtseq[list] formline
251 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $list, $formline);
252 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
253 if ($list && $formline)
254 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
255 }
256 ;
257
258/* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
259fullstmt: barestmt
260 {
261 $$ = $barestmt ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $barestmt) : NULL;
262 }
263 | labfullstmt
264 { $$ = $labfullstmt; }
265 ;
266
267labfullstmt: LABEL barestmt
268 {
269 SV *label = cSVOPx_sv($LABEL);
270 $$ = newSTATEOP(SvFLAGS(label) & SVf_UTF8,
271 savepv(SvPVX_const(label)), $barestmt);
272 op_free($LABEL);
273 }
274 | LABEL labfullstmt[list]
275 {
276 SV *label = cSVOPx_sv($LABEL);
277 $$ = newSTATEOP(SvFLAGS(label) & SVf_UTF8,
278 savepv(SvPVX_const(label)), $list);
279 op_free($LABEL);
280 }
281 ;
282
283/* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
284barestmt: PLUGSTMT
285 { $$ = $PLUGSTMT; }
286 | FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
287 {
288 CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
289 newFORM($startformsub, $formname, $formblock);
290 $$ = NULL;
291 if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
292 pad_add_weakref(fmtcv);
293 }
294 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
295 }
296 | SUB subname startsub
297 /* sub declaration or definition not within scope
298 of 'use feature "signatures"'*/
299 {
300 init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $subname);
301 parser->in_my = 0;
302 parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
303 }
304 proto subattrlist optsubbody
305 {
306 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
307 $subname->op_type == OP_CONST
308 ? newATTRSUB($startsub, $subname, $proto, $subattrlist, $optsubbody)
309 : newMYSUB($startsub, $subname, $proto, $subattrlist, $optsubbody)
310 ;
311 $$ = NULL;
312 intro_my();
313 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
314 }
315 | SIGSUB subname startsub
316 /* sub declaration or definition under 'use feature
317 * "signatures"'. (Note that a signature isn't
318 * allowed in a declaration)
319 */
320 {
321 init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $subname);
322 parser->in_my = 0;
323 parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
324 }
325 subattrlist optsigsubbody
326 {
327 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
328 $subname->op_type == OP_CONST
329 ? newATTRSUB($startsub, $subname, NULL, $subattrlist, $optsigsubbody)
330 : newMYSUB( $startsub, $subname, NULL, $subattrlist, $optsigsubbody)
331 ;
332 $$ = NULL;
333 intro_my();
334 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
335 }
336 | PACKAGE BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[package] ';'
337 {
338 package($package);
339 if ($version)
340 package_version($version);
341 $$ = NULL;
342 }
343 | USE startsub
344 { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
345 BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[module] optlistexpr ';'
346 {
347 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
348 utilize($USE, $startsub, $version, $module, $optlistexpr);
349 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
350 $$ = NULL;
351 }
352 | IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
353 {
354 $$ = block_end($remember,
355 newCONDOP(0, $mexpr, op_scope($mblock), $else));
356 parser->copline = (line_t)$IF;
357 }
358 | UNLESS '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
359 {
360 $$ = block_end($remember,
361 newCONDOP(0, $mexpr, $else, op_scope($mblock)));
362 parser->copline = (line_t)$UNLESS;
363 }
364 | GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
365 {
366 $$ = block_end($remember, newGIVENOP($mexpr, op_scope($mblock), 0));
367 parser->copline = (line_t)$GIVEN;
368 }
369 | WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
370 { $$ = block_end($remember, newWHENOP($mexpr, op_scope($mblock))); }
371 | DEFAULT block
372 { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($block)); }
373 | WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
374 {
375 $$ = block_end($remember,
376 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
377 $texpr, $mblock, $cont, $mintro));
378 parser->copline = (line_t)$WHILE;
379 }
380 | UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
381 {
382 $$ = block_end($remember,
383 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
384 $iexpr, $mblock, $cont, $mintro));
385 parser->copline = (line_t)$UNTIL;
386 }
387 | FOR '(' remember mnexpr[init_mnexpr] ';'
388 { parser->expect = XTERM; }
389 texpr ';'
390 { parser->expect = XTERM; }
391 mintro mnexpr[iterate_mnexpr] ')'
392 mblock
393 {
394 OP *initop = $init_mnexpr;
395 OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
396 scalar($texpr), $mblock, $iterate_mnexpr, $mintro);
397 if (initop) {
398 forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
399 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
400 newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
401 forop));
402 }
403 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
404 $$ = block_end($remember, forop);
405 parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
406 }
407 | FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
408 {
409 $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(0, $my_scalar, $mexpr, $mblock, $cont));
410 parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
411 }
412 | FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
413 {
414 $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(0,
415 op_lvalue($scalar, OP_ENTERLOOP), $mexpr, $mblock, $cont));
416 parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
417 }
418 | FOR my_refgen remember my_var
419 { parser->in_my = 0; $<opval>$ = my($my_var); }[variable]
420 '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
421 {
422 $$ = block_end(
423 $remember,
424 newFOROP(0,
425 op_lvalue(
426 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
427 $<opval>variable),
428 OP_ENTERLOOP),
429 $mexpr, $mblock, $cont)
430 );
431 parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
432 }
433 | FOR REFGEN refgen_topic '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
434 {
435 $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(
436 0, op_lvalue(newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
437 $refgen_topic),
438 OP_ENTERLOOP), $mexpr, $mblock, $cont));
439 parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
440 }
441 | FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
442 {
443 $$ = block_end($remember,
444 newFOROP(0, NULL, $mexpr, $mblock, $cont));
445 parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
446 }
447 | block cont
448 {
449 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
450 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
451 NULL, $block, $cont, 0);
452 }
453 | PACKAGE BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[package] '{' remember
454 {
455 package($package);
456 if ($version) {
457 package_version($version);
458 }
459 }
460 stmtseq '}'
461 {
462 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
463 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
464 NULL, block_end($remember, $stmtseq), NULL, 0);
465 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$4)
466 parser->copline = (line_t)$4;
467 }
468 | sideff ';'
469 {
470 $$ = $sideff;
471 }
472 | YADAYADA ';'
473 {
474 $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
475 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
476 }
477 | ';'
478 {
479 $$ = NULL;
480 parser->copline = NOLINE;
481 }
482 ;
483
484/* Format line */
485formline: THING formarg
486 { OP *list;
487 if ($formarg) {
488 OP *term = $formarg;
489 list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $THING, term);
490 }
491 else {
492 list = $THING;
493 }
494 if (parser->copline == NOLINE)
495 parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
496 else parser->copline--;
497 $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
498 op_convert_list(OP_FORMLINE, 0, list));
499 }
500 ;
501
502formarg : /* NULL */
503 { $$ = NULL; }
504 | FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
505 { $$ = op_unscope($stmtseq); }
506 ;
507
508condition: expr
509;
510
511/* An expression which may have a side-effect */
512sideff : error
513 { $$ = NULL; }
514 | expr[body]
515 { $$ = $body; }
516 | expr[body] IF condition
517 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $condition, $body); }
518 | expr[body] UNLESS condition
519 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $condition, $body); }
520 | expr[body] WHILE condition
521 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($condition), $body); }
522 | expr[body] UNTIL iexpr
523 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $iexpr, $body); }
524 | expr[body] FOR condition
525 { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, $condition, $body, NULL);
526 parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR; }
527 | expr[body] WHEN condition
528 { $$ = newWHENOP($condition, op_scope($body)); }
529 ;
530
531/* else and elsif blocks */
532else : /* NULL */
533 { $$ = NULL; }
534 | ELSE mblock
535 {
536 ($mblock)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
537 $$ = op_scope($mblock);
538 }
539 | ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else[else.recurse]
540 { parser->copline = (line_t)$ELSIF;
541 $$ = newCONDOP(0,
542 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$mexpr),
543 op_scope($mblock), $[else.recurse]);
544 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
545 }
546 ;
547
548/* Continue blocks */
549cont : /* NULL */
550 { $$ = NULL; }
551 | CONTINUE block
552 { $$ = op_scope($block); }
553 ;
554
555/* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
556mintro : /* NULL */
557 { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
558 PL_max_intro_pending >= PL_min_intro_pending);
559 intro_my(); }
560
561/* Normal expression */
562nexpr : /* NULL */
563 { $$ = NULL; }
564 | sideff
565 ;
566
567/* Boolean expression */
568texpr : /* NULL means true */
569 { YYSTYPE tmplval;
570 (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
571 $$ = tmplval.opval; }
572 | expr
573 ;
574
575/* Inverted boolean expression */
576iexpr : expr
577 { $$ = invert(scalar($expr)); }
578 ;
579
580/* Expression with its own lexical scope */
581mexpr : expr
582 { $$ = $expr; intro_my(); }
583 ;
584
585mnexpr : nexpr
586 { $$ = $nexpr; intro_my(); }
587 ;
588
589formname: BAREWORD { $$ = $BAREWORD; }
590 | /* NULL */ { $$ = NULL; }
591 ;
592
593startsub: /* NULL */ /* start a regular subroutine scope */
594 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
595 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
596
597 ;
598
599startanonsub: /* NULL */ /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
600 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
601 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
602 ;
603
604startformsub: /* NULL */ /* start a format subroutine scope */
605 { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
606 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
607 ;
608
609/* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
610subname : BAREWORD
611 | PRIVATEREF
612 ;
613
614/* Subroutine prototype */
615proto : /* NULL */
616 { $$ = NULL; }
617 | THING
618 ;
619
620/* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
621subattrlist: /* NULL */
622 { $$ = NULL; }
623 | COLONATTR THING
624 { $$ = $THING; }
625 | COLONATTR
626 { $$ = NULL; }
627 ;
628
629/* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
630myattrlist: COLONATTR THING
631 { $$ = $THING; }
632 | COLONATTR
633 { $$ = NULL; }
634 ;
635
636
637
638/* --------------------------------------
639 * subroutine signature parsing
640 */
641
642/* the '' or 'foo' part of a '$' or '@foo' etc signature variable */
643sigvarname: /* NULL */
644 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = NULL; }
645 | PRIVATEREF
646 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = $PRIVATEREF; }
647 ;
648
649sigslurpsigil:
650 '@'
651 { $$ = '@'; }
652 | '%'
653 { $$ = '%'; }
654
655/* @, %, @foo, %foo */
656sigslurpelem: sigslurpsigil sigvarname sigdefault/* def only to catch errors */
657 {
658 I32 sigil = $sigslurpsigil;
659 OP *var = $sigvarname;
660 OP *defexpr = $sigdefault;
661
662 if (parser->sig_slurpy)
663 yyerror("Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed");
664 parser->sig_slurpy = (char)sigil;
665
666 if (defexpr)
667 yyerror("A slurpy parameter may not have "
668 "a default value");
669
670 $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
671 }
672 ;
673
674/* default part of sub signature scalar element: i.e. '= default_expr' */
675sigdefault: /* NULL */
676 { $$ = NULL; }
677 | ASSIGNOP
678 { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0); }
679 | ASSIGNOP term
680 { $$ = $term; }
681
682
683/* subroutine signature scalar element: e.g. '$x', '$=', '$x = $default' */
684sigscalarelem:
685 '$' sigvarname sigdefault
686 {
687 OP *var = $sigvarname;
688 OP *defexpr = $sigdefault;
689
690 if (parser->sig_slurpy)
691 yyerror("Slurpy parameter not last");
692
693 parser->sig_elems++;
694
695 if (defexpr) {
696 parser->sig_optelems++;
697
698 if ( defexpr->op_type == OP_NULL
699 && !(defexpr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
700 {
701 /* handle '$=' special case */
702 if (var)
703 yyerror("Optional parameter "
704 "lacks default expression");
705 op_free(defexpr);
706 }
707 else {
708 /* a normal '=default' expression */
709 OP *defop = (OP*)alloc_LOGOP(OP_ARGDEFELEM,
710 defexpr,
711 LINKLIST(defexpr));
712 /* re-purpose op_targ to hold @_ index */
713 defop->op_targ =
714 (PADOFFSET)(parser->sig_elems - 1);
715
716 if (var) {
717 var->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
718 (void)op_sibling_splice(var,
719 NULL, 0, defop);
720 scalar(defop);
721 }
722 else
723 var = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, defop);
724
725 LINKLIST(var);
726 /* NB: normally the first child of a
727 * logop is executed before the logop,
728 * and it pushes a boolean result
729 * ready for the logop. For ARGDEFELEM,
730 * the op itself does the boolean
731 * calculation, so set the first op to
732 * it instead.
733 */
734 var->op_next = defop;
735 defexpr->op_next = var;
736 }
737 }
738 else {
739 if (parser->sig_optelems)
740 yyerror("Mandatory parameter "
741 "follows optional parameter");
742 }
743
744 $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
745 }
746 ;
747
748
749/* subroutine signature element: e.g. '$x = $default' or '%h' */
750sigelem: sigscalarelem
751 { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $sigscalarelem; }
752 | sigslurpelem
753 { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $sigslurpelem; }
754 ;
755
756/* list of subroutine signature elements */
757siglist:
758 siglist[list] ','
759 { $$ = $list; }
760 | siglist[list] ',' sigelem[element]
761 {
762 $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $list, $element);
763 }
764 | sigelem[element] %prec PREC_LOW
765 { $$ = $element; }
766 ;
767
768/* () or (....) */
769siglistornull: /* NULL */
770 { $$ = NULL; }
771 | siglist
772 { $$ = $siglist; }
773
774/* optional subroutine signature */
775optsubsignature: /* NULL */
776 { $$ = NULL; }
777 | subsignature
778 { $$ = $subsignature; }
779
780/* Subroutine signature */
781subsignature: '(' subsigguts ')'
782 { $$ = $subsigguts; }
783
784subsigguts:
785 {
786 ENTER;
787 SAVEIV(parser->sig_elems);
788 SAVEIV(parser->sig_optelems);
789 SAVEI8(parser->sig_slurpy);
790 parser->sig_elems = 0;
791 parser->sig_optelems = 0;
792 parser->sig_slurpy = 0;
793 parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar;
794 }
795 siglistornull
796 {
797 OP *sigops = $siglistornull;
798 struct op_argcheck_aux *aux;
799 OP *check;
800
801 if (!FEATURE_SIGNATURES_IS_ENABLED)
802 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Experimental "
803 "subroutine signatures not enabled");
804
805 /* We shouldn't get here otherwise */
806 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
807 packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SIGNATURES),
808 "The signatures feature is experimental");
809
810 aux = (struct op_argcheck_aux*)
811 PerlMemShared_malloc(
812 sizeof(struct op_argcheck_aux));
813 aux->params = parser->sig_elems;
814 aux->opt_params = parser->sig_optelems;
815 aux->slurpy = parser->sig_slurpy;
816 check = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, NULL,
817 (UNOP_AUX_item *)aux);
818 sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, check, sigops);
819 sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
820 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL),
821 sigops);
822 /* a nextstate at the end handles context
823 * correctly for an empty sub body */
824 sigops = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
825 sigops,
826 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL));
827 /* wrap the list of arg ops in a NULL aux op.
828 This serves two purposes. First, it makes
829 the arg list a separate subtree from the
830 body of the sub, and secondly the null op
831 may in future be upgraded to an OP_SIGNATURE
832 when implemented. For now leave it as
833 ex-argcheck */
834 $$ = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, sigops, NULL);
835 op_null($$);
836
837 parser->in_my = 0;
838 /* tell the toker that attrributes can follow
839 * this sig, but only so that the toker
840 * can skip through any (illegal) trailing
841 * attribute text then give a useful error
842 * message about "attributes before sig",
843 * rather than falling over ina mess at
844 * unrecognised syntax.
845 */
846 parser->expect = XATTRBLOCK;
847 parser->sig_seen = TRUE;
848 LEAVE;
849 }
850 ;
851
852/* Optional subroutine body (for named subroutine declaration) */
853optsubbody: subbody { $$ = $subbody; }
854 | ';' { $$ = NULL; }
855 ;
856
857
858/* Subroutine body (without signature) */
859subbody: remember '{' stmtseq '}'
860 {
861 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$2)
862 parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
863 $$ = block_end($remember, $stmtseq);
864 }
865 ;
866
867
868/* optional [ Subroutine body with optional signature ] (for named
869 * subroutine declaration) */
870optsigsubbody: sigsubbody { $$ = $sigsubbody; }
871 | ';' { $$ = NULL; }
872
873/* Subroutine body with optional signature */
874sigsubbody: remember optsubsignature '{' stmtseq '}'
875 {
876 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$3)
877 parser->copline = (line_t)$3;
878 $$ = block_end($remember,
879 op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $optsubsignature, $stmtseq));
880 }
881 ;
882
883
884/* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
885expr : expr[lhs] ANDOP expr[rhs]
886 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
887 | expr[lhs] OROP[operator] expr[rhs]
888 { $$ = newLOGOP($operator, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
889 | expr[lhs] DOROP expr[rhs]
890 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
891 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
892 ;
893
894/* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
895listexpr: listexpr[list] ','
896 { $$ = $list; }
897 | listexpr[list] ',' term
898 {
899 OP* term = $term;
900 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $list, term);
901 }
902 | term %prec PREC_LOW
903 ;
904
905/* List operators */
906listop : LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
907 { $$ = op_convert_list($LSTOP, OPf_STACKED,
908 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($LSTOP,$indirob), $listexpr) );
909 }
910 | FUNC '(' indirob expr ')' /* print ($fh @args */
911 { $$ = op_convert_list($FUNC, OPf_STACKED,
912 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($FUNC,$indirob), $expr) );
913 }
914 | term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
915 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
916 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
917 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($term), $optexpr),
918 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $method)));
919 }
920 | term ARROW method /* $foo->bar */
921 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
922 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($term),
923 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $method)));
924 }
925 | METHOD indirob optlistexpr /* new Class @args */
926 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
927 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
928 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $indirob, $optlistexpr),
929 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $METHOD)));
930 }
931 | FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')' /* method $object (@args) */
932 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
933 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
934 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $indirob, $optexpr),
935 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $FUNCMETH)));
936 }
937 | LSTOP optlistexpr /* print @args */
938 { $$ = op_convert_list($LSTOP, 0, $optlistexpr); }
939 | FUNC '(' optexpr ')' /* print (@args) */
940 { $$ = op_convert_list($FUNC, 0, $optexpr); }
941 | FUNC SUBLEXSTART optexpr SUBLEXEND /* uc($arg) from "\U..." */
942 { $$ = op_convert_list($FUNC, 0, $optexpr); }
943 | LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@); f { foo } ... */
944 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
945 $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($startanonsub, 0, NULL, $block); }[anonattrsub]
946 optlistexpr %prec LSTOP /* ... @bar */
947 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
948 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
949 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>anonattrsub, $optlistexpr), $LSTOPSUB));
950 }
951 ;
952
953/* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
954method : METHOD
955 | scalar
956 ;
957
958/* Some kind of subscripted expression */
959subscripted: gelem '{' expr ';' '}' /* *main::{something} */
960 /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
961 * provided by the tokeniser */
962 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $gelem, scalar($expr)); }
963 | scalar[array] '[' expr ']' /* $array[$element] */
964 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($array), scalar($expr));
965 }
966 | term[array_reference] ARROW '[' expr ']' /* somearef->[$element] */
967 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
968 ref(newAVREF($array_reference),OP_RV2AV),
969 scalar($expr));
970 }
971 | subscripted[array_reference] '[' expr ']' /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
972 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
973 ref(newAVREF($array_reference),OP_RV2AV),
974 scalar($expr));
975 }
976 | scalar[hash] '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo{bar();} */
977 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($hash), jmaybe($expr));
978 }
979 | term[hash_reference] ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
980 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
981 ref(newHVREF($hash_reference),OP_RV2HV),
982 jmaybe($expr)); }
983 | subscripted[hash_reference] '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
984 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
985 ref(newHVREF($hash_reference),OP_RV2HV),
986 jmaybe($expr)); }
987 | term[code_reference] ARROW '(' ')' /* $subref->() */
988 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
989 newCVREF(0, scalar($code_reference)));
990 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
991 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
992 }
993 | term[code_reference] ARROW '(' expr ')' /* $subref->(@args) */
994 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
995 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $expr,
996 newCVREF(0, scalar($code_reference))));
997 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
998 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
999 }
1000
1001 | subscripted[code_reference] '(' expr ')' /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
1002 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1003 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $expr,
1004 newCVREF(0, scalar($code_reference))));
1005 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
1006 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1007 }
1008 | subscripted[code_reference] '(' ')' /* $foo->{bar}->() */
1009 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1010 newCVREF(0, scalar($code_reference)));
1011 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
1012 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1013 }
1014 | '(' expr[list] ')' '[' expr[slice] ']' /* list slice */
1015 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $slice, $list); }
1016 | QWLIST '[' expr ']' /* list literal slice */
1017 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $expr, $QWLIST); }
1018 | '(' ')' '[' expr ']' /* empty list slice! */
1019 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $expr, NULL); }
1020 ;
1021
1022/* Binary operators between terms */
1023termbinop: term[lhs] ASSIGNOP term[rhs] /* $x = $y, $x += $y */
1024 { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $lhs, $ASSIGNOP, $rhs); }
1025 | term[lhs] POWOP term[rhs] /* $x ** $y */
1026 { $$ = newBINOP($POWOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
1027 | term[lhs] MULOP term[rhs] /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
1028 { if ($MULOP != OP_REPEAT)
1029 scalar($lhs);
1030 $$ = newBINOP($MULOP, 0, $lhs, scalar($rhs));
1031 }
1032 | term[lhs] ADDOP term[rhs] /* $x + $y */
1033 { $$ = newBINOP($ADDOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
1034 | term[lhs] SHIFTOP term[rhs] /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
1035 { $$ = newBINOP($SHIFTOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
1036 | termrelop %prec PREC_LOW /* $x > $y, etc. */
1037 { $$ = $termrelop; }
1038 | termeqop %prec PREC_LOW /* $x == $y, $x cmp $y */
1039 { $$ = $termeqop; }
1040 | term[lhs] BITANDOP term[rhs] /* $x & $y */
1041 { $$ = newBINOP($BITANDOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
1042 | term[lhs] BITOROP term[rhs] /* $x | $y */
1043 { $$ = newBINOP($BITOROP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
1044 | term[lhs] DOTDOT term[rhs] /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
1045 { $$ = newRANGE($DOTDOT, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
1046 | term[lhs] ANDAND term[rhs] /* $x && $y */
1047 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
1048 | term[lhs] OROR term[rhs] /* $x || $y */
1049 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
1050 | term[lhs] DORDOR term[rhs] /* $x // $y */
1051 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
1052 | term[lhs] MATCHOP term[rhs] /* $x =~ /$y/ */
1053 { $$ = bind_match($MATCHOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
1054 ;
1055
1056termrelop: relopchain %prec PREC_LOW
1057 { $$ = cmpchain_finish($relopchain); }
1058 | term[lhs] NCRELOP term[rhs]
1059 { $$ = newBINOP($NCRELOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
1060 | termrelop NCRELOP
1061 { yyerror("syntax error"); YYERROR; }
1062 | termrelop CHRELOP
1063 { yyerror("syntax error"); YYERROR; }
1064 ;
1065
1066relopchain: term[lhs] CHRELOP term[rhs]
1067 { $$ = cmpchain_start($CHRELOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
1068 | relopchain[lhs] CHRELOP term[rhs]
1069 { $$ = cmpchain_extend($CHRELOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
1070 ;
1071
1072termeqop: eqopchain %prec PREC_LOW
1073 { $$ = cmpchain_finish($eqopchain); }
1074 | term[lhs] NCEQOP term[rhs]
1075 { $$ = newBINOP($NCEQOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
1076 | termeqop NCEQOP
1077 { yyerror("syntax error"); YYERROR; }
1078 | termeqop CHEQOP
1079 { yyerror("syntax error"); YYERROR; }
1080 ;
1081
1082eqopchain: term[lhs] CHEQOP term[rhs]
1083 { $$ = cmpchain_start($CHEQOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
1084 | eqopchain[lhs] CHEQOP term[rhs]
1085 { $$ = cmpchain_extend($CHEQOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
1086 ;
1087
1088/* Unary operators and terms */
1089termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS /* -$x */
1090 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($term)); }
1091 | '+' term %prec UMINUS /* +$x */
1092 { $$ = $term; }
1093
1094 | '!' term /* !$x */
1095 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($term)); }
1096 | '~' term /* ~$x */
1097 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, scalar($term)); }
1098 | term POSTINC /* $x++ */
1099 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1100 op_lvalue(scalar($term), OP_POSTINC)); }
1101 | term POSTDEC /* $x-- */
1102 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1103 op_lvalue(scalar($term), OP_POSTDEC));}
1104 | term POSTJOIN /* implicit join after interpolated ->@ */
1105 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_JOIN, 0,
1106 op_append_elem(
1107 OP_LIST,
1108 newSVREF(scalar(
1109 newSVOP(OP_CONST,0,
1110 newSVpvs("\""))
1111 )),
1112 $term
1113 ));
1114 }
1115 | PREINC term /* ++$x */
1116 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1117 op_lvalue(scalar($term), OP_PREINC)); }
1118 | PREDEC term /* --$x */
1119 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1120 op_lvalue(scalar($term), OP_PREDEC)); }
1121
1122 ;
1123
1124/* Constructors for anonymous data */
1125anonymous: '[' expr ']'
1126 { $$ = newANONLIST($expr); }
1127 | '[' ']'
1128 { $$ = newANONLIST(NULL);}
1129 | HASHBRACK expr ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1130 { $$ = newANONHASH($expr); }
1131 | HASHBRACK ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1132 { $$ = newANONHASH(NULL); }
1133 | ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist subbody %prec '('
1134 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1135 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($startanonsub, $proto, $subattrlist, $subbody); }
1136 | ANON_SIGSUB startanonsub subattrlist sigsubbody %prec '('
1137 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1138 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($startanonsub, NULL, $subattrlist, $sigsubbody); }
1139 ;
1140
1141/* Things called with "do" */
1142termdo : DO term %prec UNIOP /* do $filename */
1143 { $$ = dofile($term, $DO);}
1144 | DO block %prec '(' /* do { code */
1145 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($block));}
1146 ;
1147
1148term[product] : termbinop
1149 | termunop
1150 | anonymous
1151 | termdo
1152 | term[condition] '?' term[then] ':' term[else]
1153 { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $condition, $then, $else); }
1154 | REFGEN term[operand] /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1155 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, $operand); }
1156 | MY REFGEN term[operand]
1157 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, localize($operand,1)); }
1158 | myattrterm %prec UNIOP
1159 { $$ = $myattrterm; }
1160 | LOCAL term[operand] %prec UNIOP
1161 { $$ = localize($operand,0); }
1162 | '(' expr ')'
1163 { $$ = sawparens($expr); }
1164 | QWLIST
1165 { $$ = $QWLIST; }
1166 | '(' ')'
1167 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
1168 | scalar %prec '('
1169 { $$ = $scalar; }
1170 | star %prec '('
1171 { $$ = $star; }
1172 | hsh %prec '('
1173 { $$ = $hsh; }
1174 | ary %prec '('
1175 { $$ = $ary; }
1176 | arylen %prec '(' /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1177 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($arylen, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1178 | subscripted
1179 { $$ = $subscripted; }
1180 | sliceme '[' expr ']' /* array slice */
1181 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1182 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1183 newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1184 list($expr),
1185 ref($sliceme, OP_ASLICE)));
1186 if ($$ && $sliceme)
1187 $$->op_private |=
1188 $sliceme->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1189 }
1190 | kvslice '[' expr ']' /* array key/value slice */
1191 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVASLICE,
1192 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1193 newLISTOP(OP_KVASLICE, 0,
1194 list($expr),
1195 ref(oopsAV($kvslice), OP_KVASLICE)));
1196 if ($$ && $kvslice)
1197 $$->op_private |=
1198 $kvslice->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1199 }
1200 | sliceme '{' expr ';' '}' /* @hash{@keys} */
1201 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1202 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1203 newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1204 list($expr),
1205 ref(oopsHV($sliceme), OP_HSLICE)));
1206 if ($$ && $sliceme)
1207 $$->op_private |=
1208 $sliceme->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1209 }
1210 | kvslice '{' expr ';' '}' /* %hash{@keys} */
1211 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVHSLICE,
1212 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1213 newLISTOP(OP_KVHSLICE, 0,
1214 list($expr),
1215 ref($kvslice, OP_KVHSLICE)));
1216 if ($$ && $kvslice)
1217 $$->op_private |=
1218 $kvslice->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1219 }
1220 | THING %prec '('
1221 { $$ = $THING; }
1222 | amper /* &foo; */
1223 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($amper)); }
1224 | amper '(' ')' /* &foo() or foo() */
1225 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($amper));
1226 }
1227 | amper '(' expr ')' /* &foo(@args) or foo(@args) */
1228 {
1229 $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1230 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $expr, scalar($amper)));
1231 }
1232 | NOAMP subname optlistexpr /* foo @args (no parens) */
1233 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1234 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $optlistexpr, scalar($subname)));
1235 }
1236 | term[operand] ARROW '$' '*'
1237 { $$ = newSVREF($operand); }
1238 | term[operand] ARROW '@' '*'
1239 { $$ = newAVREF($operand); }
1240 | term[operand] ARROW '%' '*'
1241 { $$ = newHVREF($operand); }
1242 | term[operand] ARROW '&' '*'
1243 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0,
1244 scalar(newCVREF($3,$operand))); }
1245 | term[operand] ARROW '*' '*' %prec '('
1246 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$operand); }
1247 | LOOPEX /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1248 { $$ = newOP($LOOPEX, OPf_SPECIAL);
1249 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
1250 | LOOPEX term[operand]
1251 { $$ = newLOOPEX($LOOPEX,$operand); }
1252 | NOTOP listexpr /* not $foo */
1253 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($listexpr)); }
1254 | UNIOP /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1255 { $$ = newOP($UNIOP, 0); }
1256 | UNIOP block /* eval { foo }* */
1257 { $$ = newUNOP($UNIOP, 0, $block); }
1258 | UNIOP term[operand] /* Unary op */
1259 { $$ = newUNOP($UNIOP, 0, $operand); }
1260 | REQUIRE /* require, $_ implied */
1261 { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $REQUIRE ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
1262 | REQUIRE term[operand] /* require Foo */
1263 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $REQUIRE ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $operand); }
1264 | UNIOPSUB
1265 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($UNIOPSUB)); }
1266 | UNIOPSUB term[operand] /* Sub treated as unop */
1267 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1268 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $operand, scalar($UNIOPSUB))); }
1269 | FUNC0 /* Nullary operator */
1270 { $$ = newOP($FUNC0, 0); }
1271 | FUNC0 '(' ')'
1272 { $$ = newOP($FUNC0, 0);}
1273 | FUNC0OP /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
1274 { $$ = $FUNC0OP; }
1275 | FUNC0OP '(' ')'
1276 { $$ = $FUNC0OP; }
1277 | FUNC0SUB /* Sub treated as nullop */
1278 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($FUNC0SUB)); }
1279 | FUNC1 '(' ')' /* not () */
1280 { $$ = ($FUNC1 == OP_NOT)
1281 ? newUNOP($FUNC1, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1282 : newOP($FUNC1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
1283 | FUNC1 '(' expr ')' /* not($foo) */
1284 { $$ = newUNOP($FUNC1, 0, $expr); }
1285 | PMFUNC /* m//, s///, qr//, tr/// */
1286 {
1287 if ( $PMFUNC->op_type != OP_TRANS
1288 && $PMFUNC->op_type != OP_TRANSR
1289 && (((PMOP*)$PMFUNC)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
1290 {
1291 $<ival>$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
1292 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
1293 } else
1294 $<ival>$ = 0;
1295 }
1296 SUBLEXSTART listexpr optrepl SUBLEXEND
1297 { $$ = pmruntime($PMFUNC, $listexpr, $optrepl, 1, $<ival>2); }
1298 | BAREWORD
1299 | listop
1300 | PLUGEXPR
1301 ;
1302
1303/* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1304myattrterm: MY myterm myattrlist
1305 { $$ = my_attrs($myterm,$myattrlist); }
1306 | MY myterm
1307 { $$ = localize($myterm,1); }
1308 | MY REFGEN myterm myattrlist
1309 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, my_attrs($myterm,$myattrlist)); }
1310 ;
1311
1312/* Things that can be "my"'d */
1313myterm : '(' expr ')'
1314 { $$ = sawparens($expr); }
1315 | '(' ')'
1316 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
1317
1318 | scalar %prec '('
1319 { $$ = $scalar; }
1320 | hsh %prec '('
1321 { $$ = $hsh; }
1322 | ary %prec '('
1323 { $$ = $ary; }
1324 ;
1325
1326/* Basic list expressions */
1327optlistexpr: /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1328 { $$ = NULL; }
1329 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
1330 { $$ = $listexpr; }
1331 ;
1332
1333optexpr: /* NULL */
1334 { $$ = NULL; }
1335 | expr
1336 { $$ = $expr; }
1337 ;
1338
1339optrepl: /* NULL */
1340 { $$ = NULL; }
1341 | '/' expr
1342 { $$ = $expr; }
1343 ;
1344
1345/* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1346 lexical */
1347my_scalar: scalar
1348 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($scalar); }
1349 ;
1350
1351my_var : scalar
1352 | ary
1353 | hsh
1354 ;
1355
1356refgen_topic: my_var
1357 | amper
1358 ;
1359
1360my_refgen: MY REFGEN
1361 | REFGEN MY
1362 ;
1363
1364amper : '&' indirob
1365 { $$ = newCVREF($1,$indirob); }
1366 ;
1367
1368scalar : '$' indirob
1369 { $$ = newSVREF($indirob); }
1370 ;
1371
1372ary : '@' indirob
1373 { $$ = newAVREF($indirob);
1374 if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
1375 }
1376 ;
1377
1378hsh : '%' indirob
1379 { $$ = newHVREF($indirob);
1380 if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
1381 }
1382 ;
1383
1384arylen : DOLSHARP indirob
1385 { $$ = newAVREF($indirob); }
1386 | term ARROW DOLSHARP '*'
1387 { $$ = newAVREF($term); }
1388 ;
1389
1390star : '*' indirob
1391 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$indirob); }
1392 ;
1393
1394sliceme : ary
1395 | term ARROW '@'
1396 { $$ = newAVREF($term); }
1397 ;
1398
1399kvslice : hsh
1400 | term ARROW '%'
1401 { $$ = newHVREF($term); }
1402 ;
1403
1404gelem : star
1405 | term ARROW '*'
1406 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$term); }
1407 ;
1408
1409/* Indirect objects */
1410indirob : BAREWORD
1411 { $$ = scalar($BAREWORD); }
1412 | scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1413 { $$ = scalar($scalar); }
1414 | block
1415 { $$ = op_scope($block); }
1416
1417 | PRIVATEREF
1418 { $$ = $PRIVATEREF; }
1419 ;
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