| 1 | |
| 2 | This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation |
| 3 | characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got |
| 4 | the ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read |
| 5 | more about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the |
| 6 | INSTALL file. |
| 7 | |
| 8 | =head1 NAME |
| 9 | |
| 10 | README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. |
| 11 | |
| 12 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
| 13 | |
| 14 | This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl |
| 15 | on OS/390 Unix System Services. |
| 16 | |
| 17 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
| 18 | |
| 19 | This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, |
| 20 | 8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are |
| 21 | the ones we've tested it on. |
| 22 | |
| 23 | You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before |
| 24 | running the Configure script for Perl. |
| 25 | |
| 26 | =head2 Unpacking |
| 27 | |
| 28 | Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at: |
| 29 | |
| 30 | http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxqp1.html |
| 31 | |
| 32 | to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this: |
| 33 | |
| 34 | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar |
| 35 | |
| 36 | =head2 Setup and utilities |
| 37 | |
| 38 | Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary |
| 39 | parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to: |
| 40 | |
| 41 | cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc |
| 42 | |
| 43 | This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file |
| 44 | and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. |
| 45 | The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was |
| 46 | SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular |
| 47 | Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell. |
| 48 | |
| 49 | GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as well as |
| 50 | building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from: |
| 51 | |
| 52 | http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm |
| 53 | |
| 54 | Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while |
| 55 | trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such |
| 56 | trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make |
| 57 | from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make |
| 58 | (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software |
| 59 | for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM. |
| 60 | |
| 61 | If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system |
| 62 | supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file |
| 63 | properly via the shell command: |
| 64 | |
| 65 | cp /samples/startup.mk /etc |
| 66 | |
| 67 | and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting |
| 68 | _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make). |
| 69 | |
| 70 | You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before |
| 71 | running the `make install` step for Perl. |
| 72 | |
| 73 | There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file |
| 74 | that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with |
| 75 | the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant |
| 76 | there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so: |
| 77 | |
| 78 | #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port |
| 79 | reuse */ / |
| 80 | |
| 81 | You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might |
| 82 | note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem |
| 83 | and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them. |
| 84 | If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl |
| 85 | to build its "Socket" extension. |
| 86 | |
| 87 | For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your |
| 88 | world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod). |
| 89 | |
| 90 | =head2 Configure |
| 91 | |
| 92 | Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL |
| 93 | for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file |
| 94 | for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things |
| 95 | to watch out for include: |
| 96 | |
| 97 | =over 4 |
| 98 | |
| 99 | =item * |
| 100 | |
| 101 | A message of the form: |
| 102 | |
| 103 | (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure, |
| 104 | mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.) |
| 105 | |
| 106 | is nothing to worry about at all. |
| 107 | |
| 108 | =item * |
| 109 | |
| 110 | Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc. |
| 111 | In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc |
| 112 | before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction |
| 113 | of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c. |
| 114 | This has to be done before running Configure the first time. If you failed |
| 115 | to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your |
| 116 | misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball. |
| 117 | Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before |
| 118 | attempting to re-run Configure. |
| 119 | |
| 120 | =item * |
| 121 | |
| 122 | This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by |
| 123 | default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then |
| 124 | be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script. |
| 125 | See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading. |
| 126 | If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the |
| 127 | $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order |
| 128 | for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp. |
| 129 | If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to: |
| 130 | |
| 131 | CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found. |
| 132 | From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at |
| 133 | |
| 134 | then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either |
| 135 | libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH and |
| 136 | proceed. |
| 137 | |
| 138 | =item * |
| 139 | |
| 140 | Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is |
| 141 | a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to |
| 142 | not work correctly when the optimizer is on. |
| 143 | |
| 144 | =item * |
| 145 | |
| 146 | Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the |
| 147 | networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong |
| 148 | names. In particular, make sure that there's either |
| 149 | an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that |
| 150 | gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file |
| 151 | /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT |
| 152 | /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems). |
| 153 | You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN |
| 154 | in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to |
| 155 | properly set up your /etc networking files. |
| 156 | |
| 157 | =back |
| 158 | |
| 159 | =head2 Build, test, install |
| 160 | |
| 161 | Simply put: |
| 162 | |
| 163 | sh Configure |
| 164 | make |
| 165 | make test |
| 166 | |
| 167 | if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then: |
| 168 | |
| 169 | make install |
| 170 | |
| 171 | this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending |
| 172 | on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether |
| 173 | or not you have write access to the directories you specified. |
| 174 | |
| 175 | =head2 build anomalies |
| 176 | |
| 177 | "Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed |
| 178 | by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit. |
| 179 | |
| 180 | Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your |
| 181 | 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space |
| 182 | limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF |
| 183 | profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE |
| 184 | parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl |
| 185 | with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that). |
| 186 | |
| 187 | Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit |
| 188 | settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values: |
| 189 | |
| 190 | ulimit -a |
| 191 | |
| 192 | To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the |
| 193 | Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib. |
| 194 | |
| 195 | If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the |
| 196 | Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system |
| 197 | header /usr/include/sys/socket.h. |
| 198 | |
| 199 | =head2 testing anomalies |
| 200 | |
| 201 | The `make test` step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before |
| 202 | installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful |
| 203 | run of `make test`. Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen |
| 204 | anomalies: |
| 205 | |
| 206 | =over 4 |
| 207 | |
| 208 | =item * |
| 209 | |
| 210 | A message of the form: |
| 211 | |
| 212 | comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a |
| 213 | valid C source character. |
| 214 | FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12. |
| 215 | FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again. |
| 216 | ok |
| 217 | |
| 218 | indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has |
| 219 | passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does |
| 220 | not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity. |
| 221 | |
| 222 | =item * |
| 223 | |
| 224 | A message of the form: |
| 225 | |
| 226 | io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
| 227 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
| 228 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
| 229 | ok |
| 230 | |
| 231 | indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so |
| 232 | with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE. |
| 233 | |
| 234 | =item * |
| 235 | |
| 236 | A message of the form: |
| 237 | |
| 238 | lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe |
| 239 | (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
| 240 | File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not |
| 241 | set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
| 242 | ok |
| 243 | |
| 244 | indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS. |
| 245 | To correct that problem issue the command: |
| 246 | |
| 247 | chmod a+t /tmp |
| 248 | |
| 249 | from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp. |
| 250 | |
| 251 | =back |
| 252 | |
| 253 | =head2 installation anomalies |
| 254 | |
| 255 | The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors |
| 256 | if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the |
| 257 | Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site. |
| 258 | |
| 259 | =head2 Usage Hints |
| 260 | |
| 261 | When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII |
| 262 | character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character |
| 263 | set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under |
| 264 | EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document. |
| 265 | |
| 266 | Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support |
| 267 | #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from |
| 268 | IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS |
| 269 | releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. |
| 270 | If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see: |
| 271 | |
| 272 | head `whence perldoc` |
| 273 | |
| 274 | for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to |
| 275 | have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services. |
| 276 | |
| 277 | If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your |
| 278 | rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for |
| 279 | working with Perl on USS. |
| 280 | |
| 281 | =head2 Floating point anomalies |
| 282 | |
| 283 | There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390 |
| 284 | systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small |
| 285 | magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of |
| 286 | that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following |
| 287 | Perl code: |
| 288 | |
| 289 | my $x = 100000.0; |
| 290 | my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0' |
| 291 | my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000' |
| 292 | print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000 |
| 293 | |
| 294 | Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal |
| 295 | to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively. |
| 296 | |
| 297 | The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program: |
| 298 | |
| 299 | #include <stdio.h> |
| 300 | #include <math.h> |
| 301 | main() |
| 302 | { |
| 303 | double r1,r2; |
| 304 | double x = 100000.0; |
| 305 | double y = 0.0; |
| 306 | double z = 0.0; |
| 307 | x = 100000.0 * 1e-5; |
| 308 | r1 = modf (x,&y); |
| 309 | x = 100000.0 / 1e+5; |
| 310 | r2 = modf (x,&z); |
| 311 | printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5); |
| 312 | /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */ |
| 313 | } |
| 314 | |
| 315 | =head2 Modules and Extensions |
| 316 | |
| 317 | Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual: |
| 318 | |
| 319 | perl Makefile.PL |
| 320 | make |
| 321 | make test |
| 322 | make install |
| 323 | |
| 324 | If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also |
| 325 | be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with |
| 326 | the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390 |
| 327 | but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for |
| 328 | building statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations |
| 329 | building a static perl + xs extension boils down to: |
| 330 | |
| 331 | perl Makefile.PL |
| 332 | make |
| 333 | make perl |
| 334 | make test |
| 335 | make install |
| 336 | make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl |
| 337 | |
| 338 | In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather |
| 339 | than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for |
| 340 | xs based extensions. |
| 341 | |
| 342 | If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or |
| 343 | linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your |
| 344 | login shell then run: |
| 345 | |
| 346 | export _C89_CCMODE=1 |
| 347 | |
| 348 | If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command. |
| 349 | |
| 350 | =head1 AUTHORS |
| 351 | |
| 352 | David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker |
| 353 | and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. |
| 354 | Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. |
| 355 | Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. |
| 356 | Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help. |
| 357 | |
| 358 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
| 359 | |
| 360 | L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. |
| 361 | |
| 362 | http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm |
| 363 | |
| 364 | http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html |
| 365 | |
| 366 | http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc |
| 367 | |
| 368 | http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/portbk/bpxacenv.html |
| 369 | |
| 370 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
| 371 | |
| 372 | =head2 Mailing list |
| 373 | |
| 374 | The Perl Institute (http://www.perl.org/) maintains a perl-mvs |
| 375 | mailing list of interest to all folks building and/or |
| 376 | using perl on all EBCDIC platforms (not just OS/390). |
| 377 | To subscribe, send a message of: |
| 378 | |
| 379 | subscribe perl-mvs |
| 380 | |
| 381 | to majordomo@perl.org. See also: |
| 382 | |
| 383 | http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs |
| 384 | |
| 385 | There are web archives of the mailing list at: |
| 386 | |
| 387 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
| 388 | http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/ |
| 389 | |
| 390 | =head1 HISTORY |
| 391 | |
| 392 | This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005 |
| 393 | release of Perl. |
| 394 | |
| 395 | This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999. |
| 396 | |
| 397 | Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
| 398 | |
| 399 | Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
| 400 | |
| 401 | Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading. |
| 402 | |
| 403 | Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'. |
| 404 | |
| 405 | =cut |
| 406 | |