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[perl5.git] / Porting / bisect-runner.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;

use Getopt::Long qw(:config bundling no_auto_abbrev);
use Pod::Usage;
use Config;
use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
use File::Spec;

my @targets
    = qw(none config.sh config.h miniperl lib/Config.pm Fcntl perl test_prep);

my %options =
    (
     'expect-pass' => 1,
     clean => 1, # mostly for debugging this
    );

# We accept #!./miniperl and #!./perl
# We don't accept #!miniperl and #!perl as their intent is ambiguous
my $run_with_our_perl = qr{\A#!(\./(?:mini)?perl)\b};

my $linux64 = `uname -sm` eq "Linux x86_64\n" ? '64' : '';

my @paths;

if ($^O eq 'linux') {
    # This is the search logic for a multi-arch library layout
    # added to linux.sh in commits 40f026236b9959b7 and dcffd848632af2c7.
    my $gcc = -x '/usr/bin/gcc' ? '/usr/bin/gcc' : 'gcc';

    foreach (`$gcc -print-search-dirs`) {
        next unless /^libraries: =(.*)/;
        foreach (split ':', $1) {
            next if m/gcc/;
            next unless -d $_;
            s!/$!!;
            push @paths, $_;
        }
    }
    push @paths, map {$_ . $linux64} qw(/usr/local/lib /lib /usr/lib)
        if $linux64;
}

my %defines =
    (
     usedevel => '',
     optimize => '-g',
     ld => 'cc',
     (@paths ? (libpth => \@paths) : ()),
    );

# Needed for the 'ignore_versioned_solibs' emulation below.
push @paths, qw(/usr/local/lib /lib /usr/lib)
        unless $linux64;

my $rv = GetOptions(
    \%options,
    'target=s', 'make=s', 'jobs|j=i', 'crash', 'expect-pass=i',
    'expect-fail' => sub { $options{'expect-pass'} = 0; },
    'clean!', 'one-liner|e=s@', 'c', 'l', 'w', 'match=s',
    'no-match=s' => sub {
        $options{match} = $_[1];
        $options{'expect-pass'} = 0;
    },
    'force-manifest', 'force-regen', 'setpgrp!', 'timeout=i',
    'test-build', 'validate',
    'all-fixups', 'early-fixup=s@', 'late-fixup=s@', 'valgrind',
    'check-args', 'check-shebang!', 'usage|help|?', 'gold=s',
    'module=s', 'with-module=s', 'cpan-config-dir=s',
    'test-module=s', 'no-module-tests',
    'A=s@',
    'D=s@' => sub {
        my (undef, $val) = @_;
        if ($val =~ /\A([^=]+)=(.*)/s) {
            $defines{$1} = length $2 ? $2 : "\0";
        } else {
            $defines{$val} = '';
        }
    },
    'U=s@' => sub {
        $defines{$_[1]} = undef;
    },
);
exit 255 unless $rv;

my ($target, $match) = @options{qw(target match)};

# El Capitan (OS X 10.11) (and later) strip DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
# from the environment of /bin/sh
# https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/System_Integrity_Protection_Guide/RuntimeProtections/RuntimeProtections.html
#
# (They *could* have chosen instead to ignore it and pass it through. It would
# have the same direct effect, but maybe needing more coding. I suspect the
# choice to strip it was deliberate, as it will also eliminate a bunch more
# attack vectors, because it prevents you sneaking an override "into" something
# else you convince the user to run.)

my $aggressive_apple_security = "";
if ($^O eq 'darwin') {
    require Cwd;
    my $cwd = quotemeta Cwd::getcwd();
    $aggressive_apple_security = "DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$cwd ";
}

@ARGV = ('sh', '-c', "cd t && $aggressive_apple_security./perl TEST base/*.t")
    if $options{validate} && !@ARGV;

pod2usage(exitval => 0, verbose => 2) if $options{usage};

# This needs to be done before the next arguments check, as it's populating
# @ARGV
if (defined $target && $target =~ /\.t\z/) {
    # t/TEST don't have a reliable way to run the test script under valgrind
    # The $ENV{VALGRIND} code was only added after v5.8.0, and is more
    # geared to logging than to exiting on failure if errors are found.
    # I guess one could fudge things by replacing the symlink t/perl with a
    # wrapper script which invokes valgrind, but leave doing that until
    # someone needs it. (If that's you, then patches welcome.)
    foreach (qw(valgrind match validate test-build one-liner)) {
        die_255("$0: Test-case targets can't be run with --$_")
            if $options{$_};
    }
    die_255("$0: Test-case targets can't be combined with an explicit test")
        if @ARGV;

    # Needing this unless is a smell suggesting that this implementation of
    # test-case targets is not really in the right place.
    unless ($options{'check-args'}) {
        # The top level sanity tests refuse to start or end a test run at a
        # revision which skips, hence this test ensures reasonable sanity at
        # automatically picking a suitable start point for both normal operation
        # and --expect-fail
        skip("Test case $target is not a readable file")
            unless -f $target && -r _;
    }

    # t/TEST runs from and takes pathnames relative to t/, so need to strip
    # out a leading t, or add ../ otherwise
    unless ($target =~ s!\At/!!) {
        $target = "../$target";
    }
    @ARGV = ('sh', '-c', "cd t && $aggressive_apple_security./perl TEST " . quotemeta $target);
    $target = 'test_prep';
}

pod2usage(exitval => 255, verbose => 1)
    unless @ARGV || $match || $options{'test-build'}
        || defined $options{'one-liner'} || defined $options{module}
        || defined $options{'test-module'};
pod2usage(exitval => 255, verbose => 1)
    if !$options{'one-liner'} && ($options{l} || $options{w});
if ($options{'no-module-tests'} && $options{module}) {
    print STDERR "--module and --no-module-tests are exclusive.\n\n";
    pod2usage(exitval => 255, verbose => 1)
}
if ($options{'no-module-tests'} && $options{'test-module'}) {
    print STDERR "--test-module and --no-module-tests are exclusive.\n\n";
    pod2usage(exitval => 255, verbose => 1)
}
if ($options{module} && $options{'test-module'}) {
    print STDERR "--module and --test-module are exclusive.\n\n";
    pod2usage(exitval => 255, verbose => 1)
}

check_shebang($ARGV[0])
    if $options{'check-shebang'} && @ARGV && !$options{match};

exit 0 if $options{'check-args'};

=head1 NAME

bisect.pl - use git bisect to pinpoint changes

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 # When did this become an error?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl -e 'my $a := 2;'
 # When did this stop being an error?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --expect-fail -e '1 // 2'
 # When did this test start failing?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --target t/op/sort.t
 # When were all lines matching this pattern removed from all files?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --match '\b(?:PL_)hash_seed_set\b'
 # When was some line matching this pattern added to some file?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --expect-fail --match '\buseithreads\b'
 # When did this test program stop exiting 0?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl -- ./perl -Ilib ../test_prog.pl
 # When did this test program start crashing (any signal or coredump)?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --crash -- ./perl -Ilib ../test_prog.pl
 # When did this first become valid syntax?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --target=miniperl --end=v5.10.0 \
      --expect-fail -e 'my $a := 2;'
 # What was the last revision to build with these options?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --test-build -Dd_dosuid
 # When did this test program start generating errors from valgrind?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --valgrind ../test_prog.pl
 # When did these cpan modules start failing to compile/pass tests?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --module=autobox,Moose
 # When did this code stop working in blead with these modules?
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --with-module=Moose,Moo -e 'use Moose; 1;'
 # Like the above 2 but with custom CPAN::MyConfig
 .../Porting/bisect.pl --module=Moo --cpan-config-dir=/home/blah/custom/

=head1 DESCRIPTION

Together F<bisect.pl> and F<bisect-runner.pl> attempt to automate the use
of C<git bisect> as much as possible. With one command (and no other files)
it's easy to find out

=over 4

=item *

Which commit caused this example code to break?

=item *

Which commit caused this example code to start working?

=item *

Which commit added the first file to match this regex?

=item *

Which commit removed the last file to match this regex?

=back

usually without needing to know which versions of perl to use as start and
end revisions.

By default F<bisect.pl> will process all options, then use the rest of the
command line as arguments to list C<system> to run a test case. By default,
the test case should pass (exit with 0) on earlier perls, and fail (exit
non-zero) on I<blead>. F<bisect.pl> will use F<bisect-runner.pl> to find the
earliest stable perl version on which the test case passes, check that it
fails on blead, and then use F<bisect-runner.pl> with C<git bisect run> to
find the commit which caused the failure.

Many of perl's own test scripts exit 0 even if their TAP reports test
failures, and some need particular setup (such as running from the right
directory, or adding C<-T> to the command line). Hence if you want to bisect
a test script, you can specify it with the I<--target> option, and it will
be invoked using F<t/TEST> which performs all the setup, and exits non-zero
if the TAP reports failures. This works for any file ending C<.t>, so you can
use it with a file outside of the working checkout, for example to test a
particular version of a test script, as a path inside the repository will
(of course) be testing the version of the script checked out for the current
revision, which may be too early to have the test you are interested in.

Because the test case is the complete argument to C<system>, it is easy to
run something other than the F<perl> built, if necessary. If you need to run
the perl built, you'll probably need to invoke it as C<./perl -Ilib ...>.
As a special case, if the first argument of the test case is a readable file
(whether executable or not), matching C<qr{\A#!./(?:mini)?perl\b}> then it
will have C<./perl> <-Ilib> (or C<./miniperl>) prepended to it.

You need a clean checkout to run a bisect. You can use the checkout
containing F<Porting/bisect.pl> if you wish - in this case
F<Porting/bisect.pl> will copy F<Porting/bisect-runner.pl> to a temporary
file generated by C<File::Temp::tempfile()>. If doing this, beware that when
the bisect ends (or you abort it) then your checkout is no longer at
C<blead>, so you will need to C<git checkout blead> before restarting, to
get the current version of F<Porting/bisect.pl> again. It's often easier
either to copy F<Porting/bisect.pl> and F<Porting/bisect-runner.pl> to
another directory (I<e.g.> F<~/bin>, if you have one), or to create a second
git repository for running bisect. To create a second local repository, if
your working checkout is called F<perl>, a simple solution is to make a
local clone, and run from that. I<i.e.>:

    cd ..
    git clone perl perl2
    cd perl2
    ../perl/Porting/bisect.pl ...

By default, F<bisect-runner.pl> will automatically disable the build of
L<DB_File> for commits earlier than ccb44e3bf3be2c30, as it's not practical
to patch DB_File 1.70 and earlier to build with current Berkeley DB headers.
(ccb44e3bf3be2c30 was in September 1999, between 5.005_62 and 5.005_63.)
If your F<db.h> is old enough you can override this with C<-Unoextensions>.

=head1 OPTIONS

=over 4

=item *

--start I<commit-ish>

Earliest revision to test, as a I<commit-ish> (a tag, commit or anything
else C<git> understands as a revision). If not specified, F<bisect.pl> will
search stable .0 perl releases until it finds one where the test case
passes. The default is to search from 5.002 to the most recent tagged stable
release (v5.18.0 at the time of writing). If F<bisect.pl> detects that the
checkout is on a case insensitive file system, it will search from 5.005 to
the most recent tagged stable release. Only .0 stable releases are used
because these are the only stable releases that are parents of blead, and
hence suitable for a bisect run.

=item *

--end I<commit-ish>

Most recent revision to test, as a I<commit-ish>. If not specified, defaults
to I<blead>.

=item *

--target I<target>

F<Makefile> target (or equivalent) needed, to run the test case. If specified,
this should be one of

=over 4

=item *

I<none>

Don't build anything - just run the user test case against a clean checkout.
Using this gives a couple of features that a plain C<git bisect run> can't
offer - automatic start revision detection, and test case C<--timeout>.

=item *

I<config.sh>

Just run F<./Configure>

=item *

I<config.h>

Run the various F<*.SH> files to generate F<Makefile>, F<config.h>, I<etc>.

=item *

I<miniperl>

Build F<miniperl>.

=item *

I<lib/Config.pm>

Use F<miniperl> to build F<lib/Config.pm>

=item *

I<Fcntl>

Build F<lib/auto/Fcntl/Fnctl.so> (strictly, C<.$Config{so}>). As L<Fcntl>
is simple XS module present since 5.000, this provides a fast test of
whether XS modules can be built. Note, XS modules are built by F<miniperl>,
hence this target will not build F<perl>.

=item *

I<perl>

Build F<perl>. This also builds pure-Perl modules in F<cpan>, F<dist> and
F<ext>. XS modules (such as L<Fcntl>) are not built.

=item *

I<test_prep>

Build everything needed to run the tests. This is the default if we're
running test code, but is time consuming, as it means building all
XS modules. For older F<Makefile>s, the previous name of C<test-prep>
is automatically substituted. For very old F<Makefile>s, C<make test> is
run, as there is no target provided to just get things ready, and for 5.004
and earlier the tests run very quickly.

=item *

A file ending C<.t>

Build everything needed to run the tests, and then run this test script using
F<t/TEST>. This is actually implemented internally by using the target
I<test_prep>, and setting the test case to "sh", "-c", "cd t && ./TEST ..."

=back

=item *

--one-liner 'code to run'

=item *

-e 'code to run'

Example code to run, just like you'd use with C<perl -e>.

This prepends C<./perl -Ilib -e 'code to run'> to the test case given,
or F<./miniperl> if I<target> is C<miniperl>.

(Usually you'll use C<-e> instead of providing a test case in the
non-option arguments to F<bisect.pl>. You can repeat C<-e> on the command
line, just like you can with C<perl>)

C<-E> intentionally isn't supported, as it's an error in 5.8.0 and earlier,
which interferes with detecting errors in the example code itself.

=item *

-c

Add C<-c> to the command line, to cause perl to exit after syntax checking.

=item *

-l

Add C<-l> to the command line with C<-e>

This will automatically append a newline to every output line of your testcase.
Note that you can't specify an argument to F<perl>'s C<-l> with this, as it's
not feasible to emulate F<perl>'s somewhat quirky switch parsing with
L<Getopt::Long>. If you need the full flexibility of C<-l>, you need to write
a full test case, instead of using C<bisect.pl>'s C<-e> shortcut.

=item *

-w

Add C<-w> to the command line with C<-e>

It's not valid to pass C<-c>,  C<-l> or C<-w> to C<bisect.pl> unless you are
also using C<-e>

=item *

--expect-fail

The test case should fail for the I<start> revision, and pass for the I<end>
revision. The bisect run will find the first commit where it passes.

=item *

--crash

Treat any non-crash as success, any crash as failure. (Crashing defined
as exiting with a signal or a core dump.)

=item *

-D I<config_arg=value>

=item *

-U I<config_arg>

=item *

-A I<config_arg=value>

Arguments (C<-A>, C<-D>, C<-U>) to pass to F<Configure>.  The C<-D>, C<-A> and
C<-U> switches should be spelled as if you were normally giving them to
F<./Configure>.  For example,

    -Dnoextensions=Encode
    -Uusedevel
    -Accflags=-DNO_MATHOMS

Repeated C<-A> arguments are passed
through as is. C<-D> and C<-U> are processed in order, and override
previous settings for the same parameter. F<bisect-runner.pl> emulates
C<-Dnoextensions> when F<Configure> itself does not provide it, as it's
often very useful to be able to disable some XS extensions.

=item *

--make I<make-prog>

The C<make> command to use. If this not set, F<make> is used. If this is
set, it also adds a C<-Dmake=...> else some recursive make invocations
in extensions may fail. Typically one would use this as C<--make gmake>
to use F<gmake> in place of the system F<make>.

=item *

--jobs I<jobs>

=item *

-j I<jobs>

Number of C<make> jobs to run in parallel. A value of 0 suppresses
parallelism. If F</proc/cpuinfo> exists and can be parsed, or F</sbin/sysctl>
exists and reports C<hw.ncpu>, or F</usr/bin/getconf> exists and reports
C<_NPROCESSORS_ONLN> defaults to 1 + I<number of CPUs>. On HP-UX with the
system make defaults to 0, otherwise defaults to 2.

=item *

--match pattern

=item *

--no-match pattern

Instead of running a test program to determine I<pass> or I<fail>,
C<--match> will pass if the given regex matches, and hence search for the
commit that removes the last matching file. C<--no-match> inverts the test,
to search for the first commit that adds files that match.

The remaining command line arguments are treated as glob patterns for files
to match against. If none are specified, then they default as follows:

=over 4

=item *

If no I<target> is specified, the match is against all files in the
repository (which is fast).

=item *

If a I<target> is specified, that target is built, and the match is against
only the built files.

=back

Treating the command line arguments as glob patterns should not cause
problems, as the perl distribution has never shipped or built files with
names that contain characters which are globbing metacharacters.

Anything which is not a readable file is ignored, instead of generating an
error. (If you want an error, run C<grep> or C<ack> as a test case). This
permits one to easily search in a file that changed its name. For example:

    .../Porting/bisect.pl --match 'Pod.*Functions' 'pod/buildtoc*'

C<--no-match ...> is implemented as C<--expect-fail --match ...>

=item *

--valgrind

Run the test program under C<valgrind>. If you need to test for memory
errors when parsing invalid programs, the default parser fail exit code of
255 will always override C<valgrind>, so try putting the test case invalid
code inside a I<string> C<eval>, so that the perl interpreter will exit with 0.
(Be sure to check the output of $@, to avoid missing mistakes such as
unintended C<eval> failures due to incorrect C<@INC>)

Specifically, this option prepends C<valgrind> C<--error-exitcode=124> to
the command line that runs the testcase, to cause valgrind to exit non-zero
if it detects errors, with the assumption that the test program itself
always exits with zero. If you require more flexibility than this, either
specify your C<valgrind> invocation explicitly as part of the test case, or
use a wrapper script to control the command line or massage the exit codes.

In order for the test program to be seen as a perl script to valgrind
(rather than a shell script), the first line must be one of the following

  #!./perl
  #!./miniperl

=item *

--test-build

Test that the build completes, without running any test case.

By default, if the build for the desired I<target> fails to complete,
F<bisect-runner.pl> reports a I<skip> back to C<git bisect>, the assumption
being that one wants to find a commit which changed state "builds && passes"
to "builds && fails". If instead one is interested in which commit broke the
build (possibly for particular F<Configure> options), use I<--test-build>
to treat a build failure as a failure, not a "skip".

Often this option isn't as useful as it first seems, because I<any> build
failure will be reported to C<git bisect> as a failure, not just the failure
that you're interested in. Generally, to debug a particular problem, it's
more useful to use a I<target> that builds properly at the point of interest,
and then a test case that runs C<make>. For example:

    .../Porting/bisect.pl --start=perl-5.000 --end=perl-5.002 \
        --expect-fail --force-manifest --target=miniperl make perl

will find the first revision capable of building L<DynaLoader> and then
F<perl>, without becoming confused by revisions where F<miniperl> won't
even link.

=item *

--module module1,module2,...

Install this (or these) module(s), die when it (the last of those)
cannot be updated to the current version.

Misnomer. the argument can be any argument that can be passed to CPAN
shell's install command. B<But>: since we only have the uptodate
command to verify that an install has taken place, we are unable to
determine success for arguments like
MSCHWERN/Test-Simple-1.005000_005.tar.gz.

In so far, it is not such a misnomer.

Note that this and I<--with-module> will both require a C<CPAN::MyConfig>.
If F<$ENV{HOME}/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm> does not exist, a CPAN shell will
be started up for you so you can configure one. Feel free to let
CPAN pick defaults for you. Enter 'quit' when you are done, and
then everything should be all set. Alternatively, you may
specify a custom C<CPAN::MyConfig> by using I<--cpan-config-dir>.

Also, if you want to bisect a module that needs a display (like
TK) and you don't want random screens appearing and disappearing
on your computer while you're working, you can do something like
this:

In a terminal:

 $ while true; do date ; if ! ps auxww | grep -v grep \
   | grep -q Xvfb; then Xvfb :121 & fi; echo -n 'sleeping 60 '; \
   sleep 60; done

And then:

  DISPLAY=":121" .../Porting/bisect.pl --module=TK

(Some display alternatives are vncserver and Xnest.)

=item *

--with-module module1,module2,...

Like I<--module> above, except this simply installs the requested
modules and they can then be used in other tests.

For example:

  .../Porting/bisect.pl --with-module=Moose -e 'use Moose; ...'

=item *

--no-module-tests

Use in conjunction with I<--with-module> to install the modules without
running their tests. This can be a big time saver.

For example:

  .../Porting/bisect.pl --with-module=Moose --no-module-tests \
       -e 'use Moose; ...'

=item *

--test-module

This is like I<--module>, but just runs the module's tests, instead of
installing it.

WARNING: This is a somewhat experimental option, known to work on recent
CPAN shell versions.  If you use this option and strange things happen,
please report them.

Usually, you can just use I<--module>, but if you are getting inconsistent
installation failures and you just want to see when the tests started
failing, you might find this option useful.

=item *

--cpan-config-dir /home/blah/custom

If defined, this will cause L<CPAN> to look for F<CPAN/MyConfig.pm> inside of
the specified directory, instead of using the default config of
F<$ENV{HOME}/.cpan/>.

If no default config exists, a L<CPAN> shell will be fired up for you to
configure things. Letting L<CPAN> automatically configure things for you
should work well enough. You probably want to choose I<manual> instead of
I<local::lib> if it asks. When you're finished with configuration, just
type I<q> and hit I<ENTER> and the bisect should continue.

=item *

--force-manifest

By default, a build will "skip" if any files listed in F<MANIFEST> are not
present. Usually this is useful, as it avoids false-failures. However, there
are some long ranges of commits where listed files are missing, which can
cause a bisect to abort because all that remain are skipped revisions.

In these cases, particularly if the test case uses F<miniperl> and no modules,
it may be more useful to force the build to continue, even if files
F<MANIFEST> are missing.

=item *

--force-regen

Run C<make regen_headers> before building F<miniperl>. This may fix a build
that otherwise would skip because the generated headers at that revision
are stale. It's not the default because it conceals this error in the true
state of such revisions.

=item *

--expect-pass [0|1]

C<--expect-pass=0> is equivalent to C<--expect-fail>. I<1> is the default.

=item *

--timeout I<seconds>

Run the testcase with the given timeout. If this is exceeded, kill it (and
by default all its children), and treat it as a failure.

=item *

--setpgrp

Run the testcase in its own process group. Specifically, call C<setpgrp 0, 0>
just before C<exec>-ing the user testcase. The default is not to set the
process group, unless a timeout is used.

=item *

--all-fixups

F<bisect-runner.pl> will minimally patch various files on a platform and
version dependent basis to get the build to complete. Normally it defers
doing this as long as possible - C<.SH> files aren't patched until after
F<Configure> is run, and C<C> and C<XS> code isn't patched until after
F<miniperl> is built. If C<--all-fixups> is specified, all the fixups are
done before running C<Configure>. In rare cases adding this may cause a
bisect to abort, because an inapplicable patch or other fixup is attempted
for a revision which would usually have already I<skip>ped. If this happens,
please report it as a bug, giving the OS and problem revision.

=item *

--early-fixup file

=item *

--late-fixup file

Specify a file containing a patch or other fixup for the source code. The
action to take depends on the first line of the fixup file

=over 4

=item *

C<#!perl>

If the first line starts C<#!perl> then the file is run using C<$^X>

=item *

C<#!/absolute/path>

If a shebang line is present the file is executed using C<system>

=item *

C<I<filename> =~ /I<pattern>/>

=item *

C<I<filename> !~ /I<pattern>/>

If I<filename> does not exist then the fixup file's contents are ignored.
Otherwise, for C<=~>, if it contains a line matching I<pattern>, then the
file is fed to C<patch -p1> on standard input. For C<=~>, the patch is
applied if no lines match the pattern.

As the empty pattern in Perl is a special case (it matches the most recent
successful match) which is not useful here, the treatment of an empty pattern
is special-cased. C<I<filename> =~ //> applies the patch if filename is
present. C<I<filename> !~ //> applies the patch if filename missing. This
makes it easy to unconditionally apply patches to files, and to use a patch
as a way of creating a new file.

=item *

Otherwise, the file is assumed to be a patch, and always applied.

=back

I<early-fixup>s are applied before F<./Configure> is run. I<late-fixup>s are
applied just after F<./Configure> is run.

These options can be specified more than once. I<file> is actually expanded
as a glob pattern. Globs that do not match are errors, as are missing files.

=item *

--no-clean

Tell F<bisect-runner.pl> not to clean up after the build. This allows one
to use F<bisect-runner.pl> to build the current particular perl revision for
interactive testing, or for debugging F<bisect-runner.pl>.

Passing this to F<bisect.pl> will likely cause the bisect to fail badly.

=item *

--validate

Test that all stable (.0) revisions can be built. By default, attempts to
build I<blead>, then tagged stable releases in reverse order down to
I<perl-5.002> (or I<perl5.005> on a case insensitive file system). Stops at
the first failure, without cleaning the checkout. Use I<--start> to specify
the earliest revision to test, I<--end> to specify the most recent. Useful
for validating a new OS/CPU/compiler combination. For example

    ../perl/Porting/bisect.pl --validate -le 'print "Hello from $]"'

If no testcase is specified, the default is to use F<t/TEST> to run
F<t/base/*.t>

=item *

--check-args

Validate the options and arguments, and exit silently if they are valid.

=item *

--check-shebang

Validate that the test case isn't an executable file with a
C<#!/usr/bin/perl> line (or similar). As F<bisect-runner.pl> does B<not>
automatically prepend C<./perl> to the test case, a I<#!> line specifying an
external F<perl> binary will cause the test case to always run with I<that>
F<perl>, not the F<perl> built by the bisect runner. Likely this is not what
you wanted. If your test case is actually a wrapper script to run other
commands, you should run it with an explicit interpreter, to be clear. For
example, instead of C<../perl/Porting/bisect.pl ~/test/testcase.pl> you'd
run C<../perl/Porting/bisect.pl /usr/bin/perl ~/test/testcase.pl>

=item *

--gold

Revision to use when checking out known-good recent versions of files,
such as F<hints/freebsd.sh>. F<bisect-runner.pl> defaults this to I<blead>,
but F<bisect.pl> will default it to the most recent stable release.

=item *

--usage

=item *

--help

=item *

-?

Display the usage information and exit.

=back

=head1 ABOUT BISECTION

The process is all about identifying the commit that caused some change
in behaviour - maybe good, maybe bad. But it is built around C<git bisect>,
which is much more specifically aimed at finding "what broke the build".
C<git> terminology embeds that assumption - commits earlier than the
target commit are "good" commits, those at or later than the target commit
are "bad" commits.

The default behaviour of F<bisect.pl> mimics this - you supply some code
that I<fails> with a perl built B<at or after> the target commit and
I<succeeds> with a perl built B<before> the target commit, and F<bisect.pl>
will find the target commit.

The F<bisect.pl> option C<--expect-fail> reverses those expectations
(and changes nothing else). So with C<--expect-fail>, you should supply
code that I<fails> only with a perl built B<before> the target commit,
and I<succeeds> with a perl built B<at or after> the target commit.

By default, I<failure> is a piece of perl code that terminates with
a non-zero exit code, e.g. by calling C<die()>. Options that change what
is interpreted as failure include C<--crash>, C<--test-build> and C<--match>.

=head1 EXAMPLES

=head2 Code has started to crash under C<miniperl>

=over 4

=item * Problem

Under C<make minitest> (but not under C<make test_harness>), F<t/re/pat.t> was
failing to compile.  What was the first commit at which that compilation
failure could be observed?

=item * Solution

Extract code from the test file at the point where C<./miniperl -Ilib -c> was
showing a compilation failure.  Use that in bisection with the C<miniperl>
target.

    .../Porting/bisect.pl --target=miniperl --start=2ec4590e \
        -e 'q|ace| =~ /c(?=.$)/; $#{^CAPTURE} == -1); exit 0;'

=item * Reference

L<GH issue 17293|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/17293>

=back

=head2 Blead breaks CPAN on threaded builds only

=over 4

=item * Problem

Tests in CPAN module XML::Parser's test suite had begun to fail when tested
against blead in threaded builds only.

=item * Solution

Provide F<Configure>-style switch to bisection program.  Straightforward use
of the C<--module> switch.

    .../Porting/bisect.pl -Duseithreads \
        --start=6256cf2c \
        --end=f6f85064 \
        --module=XML::Parser

=item * Reference

L<GH issue 16918|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/16918>

=back

=head2 Point in time where code started to segfault is unknown

=over 4

=item * Problem

User submitted code sample which when run caused F<perl> to segfault, but did
not claim that this was a recent change.

=item * Solution

Used locally installed production releases of perl (previously created by
F<perlbrew>) to identify the first production release at which the code would
not compile.  Used that information to shorten bisection time.

    .../perl Porting/bisect.pl \
        --start=v5.14.4 \
        --end=v5.16.3 \
        --crash -- ./perl -Ilib /tmp/gh-17333-map.pl

    $ cat gh-17333-map.pl

    @N = 1..5;
    map { pop @N } @N;

=item * Reference

L<GH issue 17333|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/17333>

=back

=head2 Interaction of debug flags caused crash on C<-DDEBUGGING> builds

=over 4

=item * Problem

In C<-DDEBUGGING> builds, the debug flags C<Xvt> would crash a program when
F<strict.pm> was loaded via C<require> or C<use>.

=item * Solution

Two-stage solution.  In each stage, to shorten debugging time investigator
made use of existing set of production releases of F<perl> built with
C<-DDEBUGGING>.

=over 4

=item * Stage 1

Investigator used existing C<-DDEBUGGING> builds to determine the production
cycle in which crash first appeared.  Then:

    .../perl/Porting/bisect.pl \
        --start v5.20.0 \
        --end v5.22.1 \
        -DDEBUGGING \
        --target miniperl \
        --crash \
        -- ./miniperl -Ilib -DXvt -Mstrict -e 1

First bad commit was identified as
L<ed958fa315|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/ed958fa315>.

=item * Stage 2

A second investigator was able to create a reduction of the code needed to
trigger a crash, then used this reduced case and the commit reported at the
end of Stage 1 to further bisect.

 .../perl/Porting/bisect.pl \
   --start v5.18.4 \
   --end ed958fa315 \
   -DDEBUGGING \
   --target miniperl \
   --crash \
   -- ./miniperl -Ilib -DXv -e '{ my $n=1; *foo= sub () { $n }; }'

=back

The first bisect determined the point at which code was introduced to
F<strict.pm> that triggered the problem. With an understanding of the trigger,
the second bisect then determined the point at which such a trigger started
causing a crash.

* Reference

L<GH issue 193463|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/19463>

=back

=head2 When did perl start failing to build on a certain platform using C<g++> as the C-compiler?

=over 4

=item * Problem

On NetBSD-8.0, C<perl> had never been smoke-tested using C<g++> as the
C-compiler.  Once this was done, it became evident that changes in that
version of the operating system's code were incompatible with some C<perl>
source written long before that OS version was ever released!

=item * Solution

Bisection range was first narrowed using existing builds at release tags.
Then, bisection specified the C-compiler via C<Configure>-style switch and
used C<--test-build> to identify the commit which "broke" the build.

    .../perl Porting/bisect.pl \
        -Dcc=g++ \
        --test-build \
        --start=v5.21.6 \
        --end=v5.21.7

Then, problem was discussed with knowledgeable NetBSD user.

=item * Reference

L<GH issue 17381|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/17381>

=back

=head2 When did a test file start to emit warnings?

=over 4

=item * Problem

When F<dist/Tie-File/t/43_synopsis> was run as part of C<make test>, we
observed warnings not previously seen.  At what commit were those warnings
first emitted?

=item * Solution

We know that when this test file was first committed to blead, no warnings
were observed and there was no output to C<STDERR>.  So that commit becomes
the value for C<--start>.

Since the test file in question is for a CPAN distribution maintained by core,
we must prepare to run that test by including C<--target=test_prep> in the
bisection invocation.  We then run the test file in a way that captures
C<STDERR> in a file.  If that file has non-zero size, then we have presumably
captured the newly seen warnings.

    export ERR="/tmp/err"

    .../perl Porting/bisect.pl \
      --start=507614678018ae1abd55a22e9941778c65741ba3 \
      --end=d34b46d077dcfc479c36f65b196086abd7941c76 \
      --target=test_prep \
      -e 'chdir("t");
        system(
          "./perl harness ../dist/Tie-File/t/43_synopsis.t
            2>$ENV{ERR}"
        );
        -s $ENV{ERR} and die "See $ENV{ERR} for warnings thrown";'

Bisection pointed to a commit where strictures and warnings were first turned
on throughout the F<dist/Tie-File/> directory.

=item * Reference

L<Commit 125e1a3|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/125e1a36a939>

=back

=head2 When did a one-liner start to emit warnings?

=over 4

=item * Problem

In L<GH issue 21555|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/21555>, it was
reported that the following one-liner was not emitting warnings in perl-5.16
but was in perl-5.26 and later releases.

    perl -we '"ab" =~ /.{-1,4}/;'

The reporter's concern was the negative repeat in this (generated) regular
expression.  The warning being emitted was:

    Unescaped left brace in regex is passed through in regex;
      marked by <-- HERE in m/.{ <-- HERE -1,4}/ at -e line 1.

At what commit was that warning first emitted?

=item * Solution

We used F<perlbrew> to narrow down the range needing testing to the 5.25
development cycle.  We then bisected with the C<--one-liner> switch and the
following invocation:

    export ERR=/tmp/err; rm $ERR

    perl Porting/bisect.pl \
      --start=v5.24.0 \
      --end=v5.26.0 \
      --one-liner 'system(qq|./perl -we "q{ab} =~ /.{-1,4}/" 2>$ENV{ERR}|);
                  die "See $ENV{ERR} for warnings thrown" if -s $ENV{ERR};'

Bisection pointed to a commit where a modification had been made to a warning.

=item * Reference

L<Commit 8e84dec|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/8e84dec289>

=back

=head2 When did perl stop segfaulting on certain code?

=over 4

=item * Problem

It was reported that perl was segfaulting on this code in perl-5.36.0:

    @a = sort{eval"("}1,2

Bisection subsequently identified the commit at which the segfaulting first
appeared.  But when we ran that code against what was then the HEAD of blead
(L<Commit 70d911|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/70d911984f>), we got no
segfault.  So the next question we faced was: At what commit did the
segfaulting cease?

=item * Solution

Because the code in question loaded no libraries, it was amenable to bisection
with C<miniperl>, thereby shortening bisection time considerably.

    perl Porting/bisect.pl \
        --start=v5.36.0 \
        --target=miniperl \
        --expect-fail -e '@a = sort{eval"("}1,2'

=item * Reference

L<GH issue 20261|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/20261>

=back

=head2 When did perl stop emitting warnings when running on certain code?

=over 4

=item * Background

Most of the time, we bisect in order to identify the first "bad" commit:  the
first time code failed to compile; the first time the code emitted warnings;
and so forth.

Some times, however, we want to identify the first "good" commit:  the point
where the code began to compile; the point where the code no longer emitted
warnings; etc.

We can use this program for that purpose, but we have to reverse our sense of
"good" and "bad" commits.  We use the C<--expect-fail> option to do that
reversal.

=item * Problem

It was reported that in an older version of Perl, a warning was being emitted
when a program was using the F<bigrat> module and
C<Scalar::Util::looks_like_number()> was called passing a non-integral number
(I<i.e.,> a rational).

    $ perl -wE 'use Scalar::Util; use bigrat;
      say "mercy" if Scalar::Util::looks_like_number(1/9);'

In perl-5.32, this emitted:

    $ Argument "1/9" isn't numeric in addition (+) at
      /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.32/Math/BigRat.pm line 1955.
      mercy

But it was observed that there was no warning in perl-5.36.

=item * Solution

    $ perl Porting/bisect.pl \
        --start=5624cfff8f \
        --end=b80b9f7fc6 \
        --expect-fail \
        -we 'use Scalar::Util; use bigrat; my @w;
            local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { die };
            print "mercy\n" if Scalar::Util::looks_like_number(1/9)'

=item * Reference

L<GH issue 20685|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/20685>

=item * Problem

An issue was identified during use of the Perl debugger, but soon a change in
C-level code became suspected.  Identifying the breaking commit entailed
writing a Perl program which used a dummy C<Devel::*> module.

=item * Solution

=over 4

=item *

Create this file:

    $ cat /tmp/21564.pl
    #!/usr/bin/perl

    use strict; no strict 'refs';
    use warnings;
    use B qw(svref_2object SVf_IOK);

    use v5.10;

    my $b = svref_2object(\(${"_</tmp/21564b.pl"}[4]));
    unless ($b->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
      die "Fail!";
    }
    say "Ok";

=item *

Bisect with an invocation which calls a `perl` debugger program.

    $ PERL5DB='sub DB::DB {}' perl Porting/bisect.pl \
      --start=v5.35.5 \
      --end=v5.35.6 \
      -- ./perl -Ilib -d /tmp/21564b.pl

=back

=item * Reference

L<GH issue 21564|https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/21564>

=back

=cut

# Ensure we always exit with 255, to cause git bisect to abort.
sub croak_255 {
    my $message = join '', @_;
    if ($message =~ /\n\z/) {
        print STDERR $message;
    } else {
        my (undef, $file, $line) = caller 1;
        print STDERR "@_ at $file line $line\n";
    }
    exit 255;
}

sub die_255 {
    croak_255(@_);
}

die_255("$0: Can't build $target")
    if defined $target && !grep {@targets} $target;

foreach my $phase (qw(early late)) {
    next unless $options{"$phase-fixup"};
    my $bail_out;
    require File::Glob;
    my @expanded;
    foreach my $glob (@{$options{"$phase-fixup"}}) {
        my @got = File::Glob::bsd_glob($glob);
        push @expanded, @got ? @got : $glob;
    }
    @expanded = sort @expanded;
    $options{"$phase-fixup"} = \@expanded;
    foreach (@expanded) {
        unless (-f $_) {
            print STDERR "$phase-fixup '$_' is not a readable file\n";
            ++$bail_out;
        }
    }
    exit 255 if $bail_out;
}

unless (exists $defines{cc}) {
    # If it fails, the heuristic of 63f9ec3008baf7d6 is noisy, and hence
    # confusing.
    # FIXME - really it should be replaced with a proper test of
    # "can we build something?" and a helpful diagnostic if we can't.
    # For now, simply move it here.
    $defines{cc} = (`ccache -V`, $?) ? 'cc' : 'ccache cc';
}

my $j = $options{jobs} ? "-j$options{jobs}" : '';

if (exists $options{make}) {
    if (!exists $defines{make}) {
        $defines{make} = $options{make};
    }
} else {
    $options{make} = 'make';
}

# Sadly, however hard we try, I don't think that it will be possible to build
# modules in ext/ on x86_64 Linux before commit e1666bf5602ae794 on 1999/12/29,
# which updated to MakeMaker 3.7, which changed from using a hard coded ld
# in the Makefile to $(LD). On x86_64 Linux the "linker" is gcc.

sub open_or_die {
    my $file = shift;
    my $mode = @_ ? shift : '<';
    open my $fh, $mode, $file or croak_255("Can't open $file: $!");
    ${*$fh{SCALAR}} = $file;
    return $fh;
}

sub close_or_die {
    my $fh = shift;
    return if close $fh;
    croak_255("Can't close: $!") unless ref $fh eq 'GLOB';
    croak_255("Can't close ${*$fh{SCALAR}}: $!");
}

sub system_or_die {
    my $command = '</dev/null ' . shift;
    system($command) and croak_255("'$command' failed, \$!=$!, \$?=$?");
}

sub run_with_options {
    my $options = shift;
    my $name = $options->{name};
    $name = "@_" unless defined $name;

    my $setgrp = $options->{setpgrp};
    if ($options->{timeout}) {
        # Unless you explicitly disabled it on the commandline, set it:
        $setgrp = 1 unless defined $setgrp;
    }
    my $pid = fork;
    die_255("Can't fork: $!") unless defined $pid;
    if (!$pid) {
        if (exists $options->{stdin}) {
            open STDIN, '<', $options->{stdin}
              or die "Can't open STDIN from $options->{stdin}: $!";
        }
        if ($setgrp) {
            setpgrp 0, 0
                or die "Can't setpgrp 0, 0: $!";
        }
        { exec @_ };
        die_255("Failed to start $name: $!");
    }
    my $start;
    if ($options->{timeout}) {
        require Errno;
        require POSIX;
        die_255("No POSIX::WNOHANG")
            unless &POSIX::WNOHANG;
        $start = time;
        $SIG{ALRM} = sub {
            my $victim = $setgrp ? -$pid : $pid;
            my $delay = 1;
            kill 'TERM', $victim;
            waitpid(-1, &POSIX::WNOHANG);
            while (kill 0, $victim) {
                sleep $delay;
                waitpid(-1, &POSIX::WNOHANG);
                $delay *= 2;
                if ($delay > 8) {
                    if (kill 'KILL', $victim) {
                        print STDERR "$0: Had to kill 'KILL', $victim\n"
                    } elsif (! $!{ESRCH}) {
                        print STDERR "$0: kill 'KILL', $victim failed: $!\n";
                    }
                    last;
                }
            }
            report_and_exit(0, 'No timeout', 'Timeout', "when running $name");
        };
        alarm $options->{timeout};
    }
    waitpid $pid, 0
      or die_255("wait for $name, pid $pid failed: $!");
    alarm 0;
    if ($options->{timeout}) {
        my $elapsed = time - $start;
        if ($elapsed / $options->{timeout} > 0.8) {
            print STDERR "$0: Beware, took $elapsed seconds of $options->{timeout} permitted to run $name\n";
        }
    }
    return $?;
}

sub extract_from_file {
    my ($file, $rx, $default) = @_;
    my $fh = open_or_die($file);
    while (<$fh>) {
	my @got = $_ =~ $rx;
	return wantarray ? @got : $got[0]
	    if @got;
    }
    return $default if defined $default;
    return;
}

sub edit_file {
    my ($file, $munger) = @_;
    my $fh = open_or_die($file);
    my $orig = do {
        local $/;
        <$fh>;
    };
    die_255("Can't read $file: $!") unless defined $orig && close $fh;
    my $new = $munger->($orig);
    return if $new eq $orig;
    $fh = open_or_die($file, '>');
    print $fh $new or die_255("Can't print to $file: $!");
    close_or_die($fh);
}

# AIX supplies a pre-historic patch program, which certainly predates Linux
# and is probably older than NT. It can't cope with unified diffs. Meanwhile,
# it's hard enough to get git diff to output context diffs, let alone git show,
# and nearly all the patches embedded here are unified. So it seems that the
# path of least resistance is to convert unified diffs to context diffs:

sub process_hunk {
    my ($from_out, $to_out, $has_from, $has_to, $delete, $add) = @_;
    ++$$has_from if $delete;
    ++$$has_to if $add;

    if ($delete && $add) {
        $$from_out .= "! $_\n" foreach @$delete;
        $$to_out .= "! $_\n" foreach @$add;
    } elsif ($delete) {
        $$from_out .= "- $_\n" foreach @$delete;
    } elsif ($add) {
         $$to_out .= "+ $_\n" foreach @$add;
    }
}

# This isn't quite general purpose, as it can't cope with
# '\ No newline at end of file'
sub ud2cd {
    my $diff_in = shift;
    my $diff_out = '';

    # Stuff before the diff
    while ($diff_in =~ s/\A(?!\*\*\* )(?!--- )([^\n]*\n?)//ms && length $1) {
        $diff_out .= $1;
    }

    if (!length $diff_in) {
        die_255("That didn't seem to be a diff");
    }

    if ($diff_in =~ /\A\*\*\* /ms) {
        warn "Seems to be a context diff already\n";
        return $diff_out . $diff_in;
    }

    # Loop for files
 FILE: while (1) {
        if ($diff_in =~ s/\A((?:diff |index )[^\n]+\n)//ms) {
            $diff_out .= $1;
            next;
        }
        if ($diff_in !~ /\A--- /ms) {
            # Stuff after the diff;
            return $diff_out . $diff_in;
        }
        $diff_in =~ s/\A([^\n]+\n?)//ms;
        my $line = $1;
        die_255("Can't parse '$line'") unless $line =~ s/\A--- /*** /ms;
        $diff_out .= $line;
        $diff_in =~ s/\A([^\n]+\n?)//ms;
        $line = $1;
        die_255("Can't parse '$line'") unless $line =~ s/\A\+\+\+ /--- /ms;
        $diff_out .= $line;

        # Loop for hunks
        while (1) {
            next FILE
                unless $diff_in =~ s/\A\@\@ (-([0-9]+),([0-9]+) \+([0-9]+),([0-9]+)) \@\@[^\n]*\n?//;
            my ($hunk, $from_start, $from_count, $to_start, $to_count)
                = ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5);
            my $from_end = $from_start + $from_count - 1;
            my $to_end = $to_start + $to_count - 1;
            my ($from_out, $to_out, $has_from, $has_to, $add, $delete);
            while (length $diff_in && ($from_count || $to_count)) {
                die_255("Confused in $hunk")
                    unless $diff_in =~ s/\A([^\n]*)\n//ms;
                my $line = $1;
                $line = ' ' unless length $line;
                if ($line =~ /^ .*/) {
                    process_hunk(\$from_out, \$to_out, \$has_from, \$has_to,
                                 $delete, $add);
                    undef $delete;
                    undef $add;
                    $from_out .= " $line\n";
                    $to_out .= " $line\n";
                    --$from_count;
                    --$to_count;
                } elsif ($line =~ /^-(.*)/) {
                    push @$delete, $1;
                    --$from_count;
                } elsif ($line =~ /^\+(.*)/) {
                    push @$add, $1;
                    --$to_count;
                } else {
                    die_255("Can't parse '$line' as part of hunk $hunk");
                }
            }
            process_hunk(\$from_out, \$to_out, \$has_from, \$has_to,
                         $delete, $add);
            die_255("No lines in hunk $hunk")
                unless length $from_out || length $to_out;
            die_255("No changes in hunk $hunk")
                unless $has_from || $has_to;
            $diff_out .= "***************\n";
            $diff_out .= "*** $from_start,$from_end ****\n";
            $diff_out .= $from_out if $has_from;
            $diff_out .= "--- $to_start,$to_end ----\n";
            $diff_out .= $to_out if $has_to;
        }
    }
}

{
    my $use_context;

    sub placate_patch_prog {
        my $patch = shift;

        if (!defined $use_context) {
            my $version = `patch -v 2>&1`;
            die_255("Can't run `patch -v`, \$?=$?, bailing out")
                unless defined $version;
            if ($version =~ /Free Software Foundation/) {
                $use_context = 0;
            } elsif ($version =~ /Header: patch\.c,v.*\blwall\b/) {
                # The system patch is older than Linux, and probably older than
                # Windows NT.
                $use_context = 1;
            } elsif ($version =~ /Header: patch\.c,v.*\babhinav\b/) {
                # Thank you HP. No, we have no idea *which* version this is:
                # $Header: patch.c,v 76.1.1.2.1.3 2001/12/03 12:24:52 abhinav Exp $
                $use_context = 1;
            } else {
                # Don't know.
                $use_context = 0;
            }
        }

        return $use_context ? ud2cd($patch) : $patch;
    }
}

sub apply_patch {
    my ($patch, $what, $files) = @_;
    $what = 'patch' unless defined $what;
    unless (defined $files) {
        # Handle context diffs (*** ---) and unified diffs (+++ ---)
        # and ignore trailing "garbage" after the filenames
        $patch =~ m!^[-*]{3} [ab]/(\S+)[^\n]*\n[-+]{3} [ba]/\1!sm;
        $files = " $1";
    }
    my $patch_to_use = placate_patch_prog($patch);
    open my $fh, '|-', 'patch', '-p1' or die_255("Can't run patch: $!");
    print $fh $patch_to_use;
    return if close $fh;
    print STDERR "Patch is <<'EOPATCH'\n${patch}EOPATCH\n";
    print STDERR "\nConverted to a context diff <<'EOCONTEXT'\n${patch_to_use}EOCONTEXT\n"
        if $patch_to_use ne $patch;
    die_255("Can't $what$files: $?, $!");
}

sub patch_from_commit {
    my ($revert, $commit, @files) = @_;
    my $flags = $revert ? '-R ' : '';
    my $patch = `git show --src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ $flags$commit @files`;
    if (!defined $patch) {
        my $thing = $revert ? 'revert commit' : 'commit';
        die_255("Can't get $thing $commit for @files: $?") if @files;
        die_255("Can't get $thing $commit: $?");
    }
    return $patch;
}

sub apply_commit {
    my ($commit, @files) = @_;
    my $patch = patch_from_commit(undef, $commit, @files);
    apply_patch($patch, "patch $commit", @files ? " for @files" : '');
}

sub revert_commit {
    my ($commit, @files) = @_;
    my $patch = patch_from_commit('revert', $commit, @files);
    apply_patch($patch, "revert $commit", @files ? " for @files" : '');
}

sub checkout_file {
    my ($file, $commit) = @_;
    $commit ||= $options{gold} || 'blead';
    system "git show $commit:$file > $file </dev/null"
        and die_255("Could not extract $file at revision $commit");
}

sub check_shebang {
    my $file = shift;
    return unless -e $file;
    my $fh = open_or_die($file);
    my $line = <$fh>;
    return if $line =~ $run_with_our_perl;
    if (!-x $file) {
        die_255("$file is not executable.
system($file, ...) is always going to fail.

Bailing out");
    }
    return unless $line =~ m{\A#!(/\S+/perl\S*)\s};
    die_255("$file will always be run by $1
It won't be tested by the ./perl we build.
If you intended to run it with that perl binary, please change your
test case to

    $1 @ARGV

If you intended to test it with the ./perl we build, please change your
test case to

    ./perl -Ilib @ARGV

[You may also need to add -- before ./perl to prevent that -Ilib as being
parsed as an argument to bisect.pl]

Bailing out");
}

sub clean {
    if ($options{clean}) {
        # Needed, because files that are build products in this checked out
        # version might be in git in the next desired version.
        system 'git clean -qdxf </dev/null';
        # Needed, because at some revisions the build alters checked out files.
        # (eg pod/perlapi.pod). Also undoes any changes to makedepend.SH
        system 'git reset --hard HEAD </dev/null';
    }
}

sub skip {
    my $reason = shift;
    clean();
    warn "skipping - $reason";
    exit 125;
}

sub report_and_exit {
    my ($good, $pass, $fail, $desc) = @_;

    clean();

    my $got = ($options{'expect-pass'} ? $good : !$good) ? 'good' : 'bad';
    if ($good) {
        print "$got - $pass $desc\n";
    } else {
        print "$got - $fail $desc\n";
    }

    exit($got eq 'bad');
}

sub run_report_and_exit {
    my $ret = run_with_options({setprgp => $options{setpgrp},
                                timeout => $options{timeout},
                               }, @_);
    $ret &= 0xff if $options{crash};
    report_and_exit(!$ret, 'zero exit from', 'non-zero exit from', "@_");
}

sub match_and_exit {
    my ($target, @globs) = @_;
    my $matches = 0;
    my $re = qr/$match/;
    my @files;

    if (@globs) {
        require File::Glob;
        foreach (sort map { File::Glob::bsd_glob($_)} @globs) {
            if (!-f $_ || !-r _) {
                warn "Skipping matching '$_' as it is not a readable file\n";
            } else {
                push @files, $_;
            }
        }
    } else {
        local $/ = "\0";
        @files = defined $target ? `git ls-files -o -z`: `git ls-files -z`;
        chomp @files;
    }

    foreach my $file (@files) {
        my $fh = open_or_die($file);
        while (<$fh>) {
            if ($_ =~ $re) {
                ++$matches;
                if (/[^[:^cntrl:]\h\v]/) { # Matches non-spacing non-C1 controls
                    print "Binary file $file matches\n";
                } else {
                    $_ .= "\n" unless /\n\z/;
                    print "$file: $_";
                }
            }
        }
        close_or_die($fh);
    }
    report_and_exit($matches,
                    $matches == 1 ? '1 match for' : "$matches matches for",
                    'no matches for', $match);
}

# Not going to assume that system perl is yet new enough to have autodie
system_or_die('git clean -dxf');

if (!defined $target) {
    match_and_exit(undef, @ARGV) if $match;
    $target = 'test_prep';
} elsif ($target eq 'none') {
    match_and_exit(undef, @ARGV) if $match;
    run_report_and_exit(@ARGV);
}

skip('no Configure - is this the //depot/perlext/Compiler branch?')
    unless -f 'Configure';

my $case_insensitive;
{
    my ($dev_C, $ino_C) = stat 'Configure';
    die_255("Could not stat Configure: $!") unless defined $dev_C;
    my ($dev_c, $ino_c) = stat 'configure';
    ++$case_insensitive
        if defined $dev_c && $dev_C == $dev_c && $ino_C == $ino_c;
}

# This changes to PERL_VERSION in 4d8076ea25903dcb in 1999
my $major
    = extract_from_file('patchlevel.h',
			qr/^#define\s+(?:PERL_VERSION|PATCHLEVEL)\s+(\d+)\s/,
			0);

my $unfixable_db_file;

if ($major < 10
    && !extract_from_file('ext/DB_File/DB_File.xs',
                          qr!^#else /\* Berkeley DB Version > 2 \*/$!)) {
    # This DB_File.xs is really too old to patch up.
    # Skip DB_File, unless we're invoked with an explicit -Unoextensions
    if (!exists $defines{noextensions}) {
        $defines{noextensions} = 'DB_File';
    } elsif (defined $defines{noextensions}) {
        $defines{noextensions} .= ' DB_File';
    }
    ++$unfixable_db_file;
}

patch_Configure();
patch_hints();
if ($options{'all-fixups'}) {
    patch_SH();
    patch_C();
    patch_ext();
    patch_t();
}
apply_fixups($options{'early-fixup'});

# if Encode is not needed for the test, you can speed up the bisect by
# excluding it from the runs with -Dnoextensions=Encode
# ccache is an easy win. Remove it if it causes problems.
# Commit 1cfa4ec74d4933da adds ignore_versioned_solibs to Configure, and sets it
# to true in hints/linux.sh
# On dromedary, from that point on, Configure (by default) fails to find any
# libraries, because it scans /usr/local/lib /lib /usr/lib, which only contain
# versioned libraries. Without -lm, the build fails.
# Telling /usr/local/lib64 /lib64 /usr/lib64 works from that commit onwards,
# until commit faae14e6e968e1c0 adds it to the hints.
# However, prior to 1cfa4ec74d4933da telling Configure the truth doesn't work,
# because it will spot versioned libraries, pass them to the compiler, and then
# bail out pretty early on. Configure won't let us override libswanted, but it
# will let us override the entire libs list.

foreach (@{$options{A}}) {
    push @paths, $1 if /^libpth=(.*)/s;
}

unless (extract_from_file('Configure', 'ignore_versioned_solibs')) {
    # Before 1cfa4ec74d4933da, so force the libs list.

    my @libs;
    # This is the current libswanted list from Configure, less the libs removed
    # by current hints/linux.sh
    foreach my $lib (qw(sfio socket inet nsl nm ndbm gdbm dbm db malloc dl
			ld sun m crypt sec util c cposix posix ucb BSD)) {
	foreach my $dir (@paths) {
            # Note the wonderful consistency of dot-or-not in the config vars:
            next unless -f "$dir/lib$lib.$Config{dlext}"
                || -f "$dir/lib$lib$Config{lib_ext}";
	    push @libs, "-l$lib";
	    last;
	}
    }
    $defines{libs} = \@libs unless exists $defines{libs};
}

# a4f3eea9be6bcf3c added a test for GNU libc to Configure
# Prior to that we really don't get much choice but to force usenm off
# everywhere (and modern systems are fast enough that this doesn't matter)
$defines{usenm} = undef
    if $major < 4 && !exists $defines{usenm};

my ($missing, $created_dirs);
($missing, $created_dirs) = force_manifest()
    if $options{'force-manifest'};

my @ARGS = '-dEs';
foreach my $key (sort keys %defines) {
    my $val = $defines{$key};
    if (ref $val) {
        push @ARGS, "-D$key=@$val";
    } elsif (!defined $val) {
        push @ARGS, "-U$key";
    } elsif (!length $val) {
        push @ARGS, "-D$key";
    } else {
        $val = "" if $val eq "\0";
        push @ARGS, "-D$key=$val";
    }
}
push @ARGS, map {"-A$_"} @{$options{A}};

my $prefix;

# Testing a module? We need to install perl/cpan modules to a temp dir
if ($options{module} || $options{'with-module'} || $options{'test-module'})
{
  $prefix = tempdir(CLEANUP => 1);

  push @ARGS, "-Dprefix=$prefix";
  push @ARGS, "-Uversiononly", "-Dinstallusrbinperl=n";
}

# If a file in MANIFEST is missing, Configure asks if you want to
# continue (the default being 'n'). With stdin closed or /dev/null,
# it exits immediately and the check for config.sh below will skip.
# Without redirecting stdin, the commands called will attempt to read from
# stdin (and thus effectively hang)
run_with_options({stdin => '/dev/null', name => 'Configure'},
                 './Configure', @ARGS);

patch_SH() unless $options{'all-fixups'};
apply_fixups($options{'late-fixup'});

if (-f 'config.sh') {
    # Emulate noextensions if Configure doesn't support it.
    fake_noextensions()
        if $major < 10 && $defines{noextensions};
    if (system './Configure -S') {
        # See commit v5.23.5-89-g7a4fcb3.  Configure may try to run
        # ./optdef.sh instead of UU/optdef.sh.  Copying the file is
        # easier than patching Configure (which mentions optdef.sh multi-
        # ple times).
        require File::Copy;
        File::Copy::copy("UU/optdef.sh", "./optdef.sh");
        system_or_die('./Configure -S');
    }
}

if ($target =~ /config\.s?h/) {
    match_and_exit($target, @ARGV) if $match && -f $target;
    report_and_exit(-f $target, 'could build', 'could not build', $target)
        if $options{'test-build'};

    skip("could not build $target") unless -f $target;

    run_report_and_exit(@ARGV);
} elsif (!-f 'config.sh') {
    report_and_exit(undef, 'PLEASE REPORT BUG', 'could not build', 'config.sh')
        if $options{'test-build'};

    # Skip if something went wrong with Configure
    skip('could not build config.sh');
}

force_manifest_cleanup($missing, $created_dirs)
        if $missing;

if($options{'force-regen'}
   && extract_from_file('Makefile', qr/\bregen_headers\b/)) {
    # regen_headers was added in e50aee73b3d4c555, patch.1m for perl5.001
    # It's not worth faking it for earlier revisions.
    system_or_die('make regen_headers');
}

unless ($options{'all-fixups'}) {
    patch_C();
    patch_ext();
    patch_t();
}

# Parallel build for miniperl is safe
system "$options{make} $j miniperl </dev/null";

# This is the file we expect make to create
my $expected_file = $target =~ /^test/ ? 't/perl'
    : $target eq 'Fcntl' ? "lib/auto/Fcntl/Fcntl.$Config{so}"
    : $target;
# This is the target we tell make to build in order to get $expected_file
my $real_target = $target eq 'Fcntl' ? $expected_file : $target;

if ($target ne 'miniperl') {
    # Nearly all parallel build issues fixed by 5.10.0. Untrustworthy before that.
    $j = '' if $major < 10;

    if ($real_target eq 'test_prep') {
        if ($major < 8) {
            # test-prep was added in 5.004_01, 3e3baf6d63945cb6.
            # renamed to test_prep in 2001 in 5fe84fd29acaf55c.
            # earlier than that, just make test. It will be fast enough.
            $real_target = extract_from_file('Makefile.SH',
                                             qr/^(test[-_]prep):/,
                                             'test');
        }
    }

    system "$options{make} $j $real_target </dev/null";
}

my $expected_file_found = $expected_file =~ /perl$/
    ? -x $expected_file : -r $expected_file;

if ($expected_file_found && $expected_file eq 't/perl') {
    # Check that it isn't actually pointing to ../miniperl, which will happen
    # if the sanity check ./miniperl -Ilib -MExporter -e '<?>' fails, and
    # Makefile tries to run minitest.

    # Of course, helpfully sometimes it's called ../perl, other times .././perl
    # and who knows if that list is exhaustive...
    my ($dev0, $ino0) = stat 't/perl';
    my ($dev1, $ino1) = stat 'perl';
    unless (defined $dev0 && defined $dev1 && $dev0 == $dev1 && $ino0 == $ino1) {
        undef $expected_file_found;
        my $link = readlink $expected_file;
        warn "'t/perl' => '$link', not 'perl'";
        die_255("Could not realink t/perl: $!") unless defined $link;
    }
}

my $just_testing = 0;

if ($options{'test-build'}) {
    report_and_exit($expected_file_found, 'could build', 'could not build',
                    $real_target);
} elsif (!$expected_file_found) {
    skip("could not build $real_target");
} elsif (my $mod_opt = $options{module} || $options{'with-module'}
               || ($just_testing++, $options{'test-module'})) {
  # Testing a cpan module? See if it will install
  # First we need to install this perl somewhere
  system_or_die('./installperl');

  my @m = split(',', $mod_opt);

  my $bdir = File::Temp::tempdir(
    CLEANUP => 1,
  ) or die $!;

  # Don't ever stop to ask the user for input
  $ENV{AUTOMATED_TESTING} = 1;
  $ENV{PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT} = 1;

  # Don't let these interfere with our cpan installs
  delete $ENV{PERL_MB_OPT};
  delete $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT};

  # Make sure we load up our CPAN::MyConfig and then
  # override the build_dir so we have a fresh one
  # every build
  my $cdir = $options{'cpan-config-dir'}
          || File::Spec->catfile($ENV{HOME},".cpan");

  my @cpanshell = (
    "$prefix/bin/perl",
    "-I", "$cdir",
    "-MCPAN::MyConfig",
    "-MCPAN",
    "-e","\$CPAN::Config->{build_dir}=q{$bdir};",
    "-e",
  );

  for (@m) {
    s/-/::/g if /-/ and !m|/|;
  }
  my $install = join ",", map { "'$_'" } @m;
  if ($just_testing) {
    $install = "test($install)";
  } elsif ($options{'no-module-tests'}) {
    $install = "notest('install',$install)";
  } else {
    $install = "install($install)";
  }
  my $last = $m[-1];
  my $status_method = $just_testing ? 'test' : 'uptodate';
  my $shellcmd = "$install; die unless CPAN::Shell->expand(Module => '$last')->$status_method;";

  if ($options{module} || $options{'test-module'}) {
    run_report_and_exit(@cpanshell, $shellcmd);
  } else {
    my $ret = run_with_options({setprgp => $options{setpgrp},
                                timeout => $options{timeout},
                               }, @cpanshell, $shellcmd);
    $ret &= 0xff if $options{crash};

    # Failed? Give up
    if ($ret) {
      report_and_exit(!$ret, 'zero exit from', 'non-zero exit from', "@_");
    }
  }
}

match_and_exit($real_target, @ARGV) if $match;

if (defined $options{'one-liner'}) {
    my $exe = $target =~ /^(?:perl$|test)/ ? 'perl' : 'miniperl';
    unshift @ARGV, map {('-e', $_)} @{$options{'one-liner'}};
    foreach (qw(c l w)) {
        unshift @ARGV, "-$_" if $options{$_};
    }
    unshift @ARGV, "./$exe", '-Ilib';
}

if (-f $ARGV[0]) {
    my $fh = open_or_die($ARGV[0]);
    my $line = <$fh>;
    unshift @ARGV, $1, '-Ilib'
        if $line =~ $run_with_our_perl;
}

if ($options{valgrind}) {
    # Turns out to be too confusing to use an optional argument with the path
    # of the valgrind binary, as if --valgrind takes an optional argument,
    # then specifying it as the last option eats the first part of the testcase.
    # ie this: .../bisect.pl --valgrind testcase
    # is treated as --valgrind=testcase and as there is no test case given,
    # it's an invalid commandline, bailing out with the usage message.

    # Currently, the test script can't signal a skip with 125, so anything
    # non-zero would do. But to keep that option open in future, use 124
    unshift @ARGV, 'valgrind', '--error-exitcode=124';
}

# This is what we came here to run:

if (exists $Config{ldlibpthname}) {
    require Cwd;
    my $varname = $Config{ldlibpthname};
    my $cwd = Cwd::getcwd();
    if (defined $ENV{$varname}) {
        $ENV{$varname} = $cwd . $Config{path_sep} . $ENV{$varname};
    } else {
        $ENV{$varname} = $cwd;
    }
}

run_report_and_exit(@ARGV);

############################################################################
#
# Patching, editing and faking routines only below here.
#
############################################################################

sub fake_noextensions {
    edit_file('config.sh', sub {
                  my @lines = split /\n/, shift;
                  my @ext = split /\s+/, $defines{noextensions};
                  foreach (@lines) {
                      next unless /^extensions=/ || /^dynamic_ext/;
                      foreach my $ext (@ext) {
                          s/\b$ext( )?\b/$1/;
                      }
                  }
                  return join "\n", @lines;
              });
}

sub force_manifest {
    my (@missing, @created_dirs);
    my $fh = open_or_die('MANIFEST');
    while (<$fh>) {
        next unless /^(\S+)/;
        # -d is special case needed (at least) between 27332437a2ed1941 and
        # bf3d9ec563d25054^ inclusive, as manifest contains ext/Thread/Thread
        push @missing, $1
            unless -f $1 || -d $1;
    }
    close_or_die($fh);

    foreach my $pathname (@missing) {
        my @parts = split '/', $pathname;
        my $leaf = pop @parts;
        my $path = '.';
        while (@parts) {
            $path .= '/' . shift @parts;
            next if -d $path;
            mkdir $path, 0700 or die_255("Can't create $path: $!");
            unshift @created_dirs, $path;
        }
        $fh = open_or_die($pathname, '>');
        close_or_die($fh);
        chmod 0, $pathname or die_255("Can't chmod 0 $pathname: $!");
    }
    return \@missing, \@created_dirs;
}

sub force_manifest_cleanup {
    my ($missing, $created_dirs) = @_;
    # This is probably way too paranoid:
    my @errors;
    require Fcntl;
    foreach my $file (@$missing) {
        my (undef, undef, $mode, undef, undef, undef, undef, $size)
            = stat $file;
        if (!defined $mode) {
            push @errors, "Added file $file has been deleted by Configure";
            next;
        }
        if (Fcntl::S_IMODE($mode) != 0) {
            push @errors,
                sprintf 'Added file %s had mode changed by Configure to %03o',
                    $file, $mode;
        }
        if ($size != 0) {
            push @errors,
                "Added file $file had sized changed by Configure to $size";
        }
        unlink $file or die_255("Can't unlink $file: $!");
    }
    foreach my $dir (@$created_dirs) {
        rmdir $dir or die_255("Can't rmdir $dir: $!");
    }
    skip("@errors")
        if @errors;
}

sub patch_Configure {
    if ($major < 1) {
        if (extract_from_file('Configure',
                              qr/^\t\t\*=\*\) echo "\$1" >> \$optdef;;$/)) {
            # This is "        Spaces now allowed in -D command line options.",
            # part of commit ecfc54246c2a6f42
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 3d3b38d..78ffe16 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -652,7 +777,8 @@ while test $# -gt 0; do
 			echo "$me: use '-U symbol=', not '-D symbol='." >&2
 			echo "$me: ignoring -D $1" >&2
 			;;
-		*=*) echo "$1" >> $optdef;;
+		*=*) echo "$1" | \
+				sed -e "s/'/'\"'\"'/g" -e "s/=\(.*\)/='\1'/" >> $optdef;;
 		*) echo "$1='define'" >> $optdef;;
 		esac
 		shift
EOPATCH
        }

        if (extract_from_file('Configure', qr/^if \$contains 'd_namlen' \$xinc\b/)) {
            # Configure's original simple "grep" for d_namlen falls foul of the
            # approach taken by the glibc headers:
            # #ifdef _DIRENT_HAVE_D_NAMLEN
            # # define _D_EXACT_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen)
            #
            # where _DIRENT_HAVE_D_NAMLEN is not defined on Linux.
            # This is also part of commit ecfc54246c2a6f42
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 3d3b38d..78ffe16 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -3935,7 +4045,8 @@ $rm -f try.c
 
 : see if the directory entry stores field length
 echo " "
-if $contains 'd_namlen' $xinc >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+$cppstdin $cppflags $cppminus < "$xinc" > try.c
+if $contains 'd_namlen' try.c >/dev/null 2>&1; then
 	echo "Good, your directory entry keeps length information in d_namlen." >&4
 	val="$define"
 else
EOPATCH
        }
    }

    if ($major < 2
        && !extract_from_file('Configure',
                              qr/Try to guess additional flags to pick up local libraries/)) {
        my $mips = extract_from_file('Configure',
                                     qr!(''\) if (?:\./)?mips; then)!);
        # This is part of perl-5.001n. It's needed, to add -L/usr/local/lib to
        # the ld flags if libraries are found there. It shifts the code to set
        # up libpth earlier, and then adds the code to add libpth entries to
        # ldflags
        # mips was changed to ./mips in ecfc54246c2a6f42, perl5.000 patch.0g
        apply_patch(sprintf <<'EOPATCH', $mips);
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 53649d5..0635a6e 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -2749,6 +2749,52 @@ EOM
 	;;
 esac
 
+: Set private lib path
+case "$plibpth" in
+'') if ./mips; then
+		plibpth="$incpath/usr/lib /usr/local/lib /usr/ccs/lib"
+	fi;;
+esac
+case "$libpth" in
+' ') dlist='';;
+'') dlist="$plibpth $glibpth";;
+*) dlist="$libpth";;
+esac
+
+: Now check and see which directories actually exist, avoiding duplicates
+libpth=''
+for xxx in $dlist
+do
+    if $test -d $xxx; then
+		case " $libpth " in
+		*" $xxx "*) ;;
+		*) libpth="$libpth $xxx";;
+		esac
+    fi
+done
+$cat <<'EOM'
+
+Some systems have incompatible or broken versions of libraries.  Among
+the directories listed in the question below, please remove any you
+know not to be holding relevant libraries, and add any that are needed.
+Say "none" for none.
+
+EOM
+case "$libpth" in
+'') dflt='none';;
+*)
+	set X $libpth
+	shift
+	dflt=${1+"$@"}
+	;;
+esac
+rp="Directories to use for library searches?"
+. ./myread
+case "$ans" in
+none) libpth=' ';;
+*) libpth="$ans";;
+esac
+
 : flags used in final linking phase
 case "$ldflags" in
 '') if ./venix; then
@@ -2765,6 +2811,23 @@ case "$ldflags" in
 	;;
 *) dflt="$ldflags";;
 esac
+
+: Possible local library directories to search.
+loclibpth="/usr/local/lib /opt/local/lib /usr/gnu/lib"
+loclibpth="$loclibpth /opt/gnu/lib /usr/GNU/lib /opt/GNU/lib"
+
+: Try to guess additional flags to pick up local libraries.
+for thislibdir in $libpth; do
+	case " $loclibpth " in
+	*" $thislibdir "*)
+		case "$dflt " in 
+		"-L$thislibdir ") ;;
+		*)  dflt="$dflt -L$thislibdir" ;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+done
+
 echo " "
 rp="Any additional ld flags (NOT including libraries)?"
 . ./myread
@@ -2828,52 +2891,6 @@ n) echo "OK, that should do.";;
 esac
 $rm -f try try.* core
 
-: Set private lib path
-case "$plibpth" in
-%s
-		plibpth="$incpath/usr/lib /usr/local/lib /usr/ccs/lib"
-	fi;;
-esac
-case "$libpth" in
-' ') dlist='';;
-'') dlist="$plibpth $glibpth";;
-*) dlist="$libpth";;
-esac
-
-: Now check and see which directories actually exist, avoiding duplicates
-libpth=''
-for xxx in $dlist
-do
-    if $test -d $xxx; then
-		case " $libpth " in
-		*" $xxx "*) ;;
-		*) libpth="$libpth $xxx";;
-		esac
-    fi
-done
-$cat <<'EOM'
-
-Some systems have incompatible or broken versions of libraries.  Among
-the directories listed in the question below, please remove any you
-know not to be holding relevant libraries, and add any that are needed.
-Say "none" for none.
-
-EOM
-case "$libpth" in
-'') dflt='none';;
-*)
-	set X $libpth
-	shift
-	dflt=${1+"$@"}
-	;;
-esac
-rp="Directories to use for library searches?"
-. ./myread
-case "$ans" in
-none) libpth=' ';;
-*) libpth="$ans";;
-esac
-
 : compute shared library extension
 case "$so" in
 '')
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major < 4 && extract_from_file('Configure',
                                        qr/: see which flavor of setpgrp is in use/)) {
        edit_file('Configure', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      my $new = <<'EOT';
if $cc $ccflags $ldflags -o set set.c $libs >/dev/null 2>&1; then
EOT
                      chomp $new;

                      # before commit ecfc54246c2a6f42:
                      # before commit 8e07c86ebc651fe9:
                      my @old = (<<'EOT', <<'EOT');
if $cc $ccflags -o set $ldflags set.c $libs >/dev/null 2>&1; then
EOT
if $cc $ccflags -o set set.c $ldflags $libs >/dev/null 2>&1; then
EOT
                      for my $was (@old) {
                          # Yes, this modifies @old. No problem here:
                          chomp $was;
                          $was = quotemeta $was;
                          $code =~ s/$was/$new/;
                      }

                      # also commit ecfc54246c2a6f42:
                      $code =~ s!\tif usg; then!\tif ./usg; then!;

                      return $code;
                  });

        # We need the new probe from 2afac517c48c20de, which has prototypes
        # (but include the various C headers unconditionally)
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 18f2172435..5a75ebd767 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -4986,45 +5055,61 @@ eval $inlibc
 set setpgrp d_setpgrp
 eval $inlibc
 
-: see which flavor of setpgrp is in use
+echo "Checking to see which flavor of setpgrp is in use . . . "
 case "$d_setpgrp" in
 "$define")
 	echo " "
 	$cat >set.c <<EOP
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 main()
 {
 	if (getuid() == 0) {
 		printf("(I see you are running Configure as super-user...)\n");
 		setuid(1);
 	}
+#ifdef TRY_BSD_PGRP
 	if (-1 == setpgrp(1, 1))
-		exit(1);
-	exit(0);
+		exit(0);
+#else
+	if (setpgrp() != -1)
+		exit(0);
+#endif
+	exit(1);
 }
 EOP
-	if $cc $ccflags $ldflags -o set set.c $libs >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-		./set 2>/dev/null
-		case $? in
-		0) echo "You have to use setpgrp() instead of setpgrp(pid, pgrp)." >&4
-			val="$undef";;
-		*) echo "You have to use setpgrp(pid, pgrp) instead of setpgrp()." >&4
-			val="$define";;
-		esac
+	if $cc -DTRY_BSD_PGRP $ccflags $ldflags -o set set.c $libs >/dev/null 2>&1 && ./set; then
+		echo 'You have to use setpgrp(pid,pgrp) instead of setpgrp().' >&4
+		val="$define"
+	elif $cc $ccflags $ldflags -o set set.c $libs >/dev/null 2>&1 && ./set; then
+		echo 'You have to use setpgrp() instead of setpgrp(pid,pgrp).' >&4
+		val="$undef"
 	else
+		echo "I can't seem to compile and run the test program."
 		if ./usg; then
-			xxx="USG one, i.e. you use setpgrp()."
-			val="$undef"
+			xxx="a USG one, i.e. you use setpgrp()."
 		else
-			xxx="BSD one, i.e. you use setpgrp(pid, pgrp)."
-			val="$define"
+			# SVR4 systems can appear rather BSD-ish.
+			case "$i_unistd" in
+			$undef)
+				xxx="a BSD one, i.e. you use setpgrp(pid,pgrp)."
+				val="$define"
+				;;
+			$define)
+				xxx="probably a USG one, i.e. you use setpgrp()."
+				val="$undef"
+				;;
+			esac
 		fi
-		echo "Assuming your setpgrp is a $xxx" >&4
+		echo "Assuming your setpgrp is $xxx" >&4
 	fi
 	;;
 *) val="$undef";;
 esac
-set d_bsdpgrp
+set d_bsdsetpgrp
 eval $setvar
+d_bsdpgrp=$d_bsdsetpgrp
 $rm -f set set.c
 
 : see if bzero exists
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major == 4 && extract_from_file('Configure', qr/^d_gethbynam=/)) {
        # Fixes a bug introduced in 4599a1dedd47b916
        apply_commit('3cbc818d1d0ac470');
    }

    if ($major == 4 && extract_from_file('Configure',
                                         qr/gethbadd_addr_type=`echo \$gethbadd_addr_type/)) {
        # Fixes a bug introduced in 3fd537d4b944bc7a
        apply_commit('6ff9219da6cf8cfd');
    }

    if ($major == 4 && extract_from_file('Configure',
                                         qr/^pthreads_created_joinable=/)) {
        # Fix for bug introduced in 52e1cb5ebf5e5a8c
        # Part of commit ce637636a41b2fef
        edit_file('Configure', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s{^pthreads_created_joinable=''}
                                {d_pthreads_created_joinable=''}ms
                                    or die_255("Substitution failed");
                      $code =~ s{^pthreads_created_joinable='\$pthreads_created_joinable'}
                                {d_pthreads_created_joinable='\$d_pthreads_created_joinable'}ms
                           or die_255("Substitution failed");
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($major < 5 && extract_from_file('Configure',
                                        qr!if \$cc \$ccflags try\.c -o try >/dev/null 2>&1; then!)) {
        # Analogous to the more general fix of dfe9444ca7881e71
        # Without this flags such as -m64 may not be passed to this compile,
        # which results in a byteorder of '1234' instead of '12345678', which
        # can then cause crashes.

        if (extract_from_file('Configure', qr/xxx_prompt=y/)) {
            # 8e07c86ebc651fe9 or later
            # ("This is my patch  patch.1n  for perl5.001.")
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 62249dd..c5c384e 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -8247,7 +8247,7 @@ main()
 }
 EOCP
 	xxx_prompt=y
-	if $cc $ccflags try.c -o try >/dev/null 2>&1 && ./try > /dev/null; then
+	if $cc $ccflags $ldflags try.c -o try >/dev/null 2>&1 && ./try > /dev/null; then
 		dflt=`./try`
 		case "$dflt" in
 		[1-4][1-4][1-4][1-4]|12345678|87654321)
EOPATCH
        } else {
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 53649d5..f1cd64a 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -6362,7 +6362,7 @@ main()
 	printf("\n");
 }
 EOCP
-	if $cc $ccflags try.c -o try >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
+	if $cc $ccflags $ldflags try.c -o try >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
 		dflt=`./try`
 		case "$dflt" in
 		????|????????) echo "(The test program ran ok.)";;
EOPATCH
        }
    }

    if ($major < 5) {
        my $what = extract_from_file('Configure', qr!(\s+)return __libc_main!);
        if ($what) {
            # To add to the fun commit commit dfe9444ca7881e71 in Feb 1988
            # changed several things:
            if ($what !~ /\t/) {
                apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -3854,11 +3911,12 @@ n) echo "OK, that should do.";;
 int
 main()
 {
-  return __libc_main();
+	return __libc_main();
 }
 EOM
-if $cc $ccflags $ldflags -o gnulibc gnulibc.c $libs >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
-    ./gnulibc | $contains '^GNU C Library' >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+set gnulibc
+if eval $compile && \
+  ./gnulibc | $contains '^GNU C Library' >/dev/null 2>&1; then
 	val="$define"
 	echo "You are using the GNU C Library"
 else
EOPATCH
            }

            # And commit dc45a647708b6c54 tweaks 1 line in April 1998
            edit_file('Configure', sub {
                          my $code = shift;
                          $code =~ s{contains '\^GNU C Library' >/dev/null 2>&1; then}
                                    {contains '^GNU C Library'; then};
                          return $code;
                      });

            # This is part of aebf16e7cdbc86ec from June 1998
            # but with compiles_ok inlined
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 38072f0e5e..43735feacf 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -4024,15 +4024,19 @@ $cc $optimize $ccflags $ldflags -o ${mc_file} $* ${mc_file}.c $libs;'
 echo " "
 echo "Checking for GNU C Library..." >&4
 cat >gnulibc.c <<EOM
+#include <stdio.h>
 int
 main()
 {
-	return __libc_main();
+#ifdef __GLIBC__
+    exit(0);
+#else
+    exit(1);
+#endif
 }
 EOM
 set gnulibc
-if eval $compile && \
-  ./gnulibc | $contains '^GNU C Library'; then
+if $cc $ccflags $ldflags -o gnulibc gnulibc.c $libs && ./gnulibc; then
 	val="$define"
 	echo "You are using the GNU C Library"
 else
EOPATCH
        }
    }

    if ($major < 6 && !extract_from_file('Configure',
                                         qr!^\t-A\)$!)) {
        # This adds the -A option to Configure, which is incredibly useful
        # Effectively this is commits 02e93a22d20fc9a5, 5f83a3e9d818c3ad,
        # bde6b06b2c493fef, f7c3111703e46e0c and 2 lines of trailing whitespace
        # removed by 613d6c3e99b9decc, but applied at slightly different
        # locations to ensure a clean patch back to 5.000
        # Note, if considering patching to the intermediate revisions to fix
        # bugs in -A handling, f7c3111703e46e0c is from 2002, and hence
        # $major == 8

        # To add to the fun, early patches add -K and -O options, and it's not
        # trivial to get patch to put the C<. ./posthint.sh> in the right place
        edit_file('Configure', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s/(optstr = ")([^"]+";\s*# getopt-style specification)/$1A:$2/
                          or die_255("Substitution failed");
                      $code =~ s!^(: who configured the system)!
touch posthint.sh
. ./posthint.sh

$1!ms
                          or die_255("Substitution failed");
                      return $code;
                  });
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 4b55fa6..60c3c64 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -1150,6 +1150,7 @@ set X `for arg in "$@"; do echo "X$arg"; done |
 eval "set $*"
 shift
 rm -f options.awk
+rm -f posthint.sh
 
 : set up default values
 fastread=''
@@ -1172,6 +1173,56 @@ while test $# -gt 0; do
 	case "$1" in
 	-d) shift; fastread=yes;;
 	-e) shift; alldone=cont;;
+	-A)
+	    shift
+	    xxx=''
+	    yyy="$1"
+	    zzz=''
+	    uuu=undef
+	    case "$yyy" in
+            *=*) zzz=`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!=.*!!'`
+                 case "$zzz" in
+                 *:*) zzz='' ;;
+                 *)   xxx=append
+                      zzz=" "`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!^[^=]*=!!'`
+                      yyy=`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!=.*!!'` ;;
+                 esac
+                 ;;
+            esac
+            case "$xxx" in
+            '')  case "$yyy" in
+                 *:*) xxx=`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!:.*!!'`
+                      yyy=`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!^[^:]*:!!'`
+                      zzz=`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!^[^=]*=!!'`
+                      yyy=`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!=.*!!'` ;;
+                 *)   xxx=`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!:.*!!'`
+                      yyy=`echo "$yyy"|sed 's!^[^:]*:!!'` ;;
+                 esac
+                 ;;
+            esac
+	    case "$xxx" in
+	    append)
+		echo "$yyy=\"\${$yyy}$zzz\""	>> posthint.sh ;;
+	    clear)
+		echo "$yyy=''"			>> posthint.sh ;;
+	    define)
+	        case "$zzz" in
+		'') zzz=define ;;
+		esac
+		echo "$yyy='$zzz'"		>> posthint.sh ;;
+	    eval)
+		echo "eval \"$yyy=$zzz\""	>> posthint.sh ;;
+	    prepend)
+		echo "$yyy=\"$zzz\${$yyy}\""	>> posthint.sh ;;
+	    undef)
+	        case "$zzz" in
+		'') zzz="$uuu" ;;
+		esac
+		echo "$yyy=$zzz"		>> posthint.sh ;;
+            *)  echo "$me: unknown -A command '$xxx', ignoring -A $1" >&2 ;;
+	    esac
+	    shift
+	    ;;
 	-f)
 		shift
 		cd ..
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major < 6) {
        edit_file('Configure', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      # This will cause a build failure, but it will stop
                      # Configure looping endlessly trying to get a different
                      # answer:
                      $code =~ s{(dflt=)n(\n\s+rp="Function \$ans does not exist)}
                                {$1y$2};
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($major < 8 && $^O eq 'aix') {
        edit_file('Configure', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      # Replicate commit a8c676c69574838b
                      # Whitespace allowed at the ends of /lib/syscalls.exp lines
                      # and half of commit c6912327ae30e6de
                      # AIX syscalls.exp scan: the syscall might be marked 32, 3264, or 64
                      $code =~ s{(\bsed\b.*\bsyscall)(?:\[0-9\]\*)?(\$.*/lib/syscalls\.exp)}
                                {$1 . "[0-9]*[ \t]*" . $2}e;
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($major < 8 && !extract_from_file('Configure',
                                         qr/^\t\tif test ! -t 0; then$/)) {
        # Before dfe9444ca7881e71, Configure would refuse to run if stdin was
        # not a tty. With that commit, the tty requirement was dropped for -de
        # and -dE
        # Commit aaeb8e512e8e9e14 dropped the tty requirement for -S
        # For those older versions, it's probably easiest if we simply remove
        # the sanity test.
        edit_file('Configure', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s/test ! -t 0/test Perl = rules/;
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($major < 32) {
        edit_file('Configure', sub {
                      my $code = shift;

                      # A lot of the probes used to be written assuming no need
                      # for prototypes for exit(), printf() etc.
                      # Curiously also the code was written to call exit()
                      # rather than return from main - early portability?
                      #
                      # Commit 55954f198635e488 did most of the work in ensuring
                      # that there was always a prototype for exit, by adding
                      # #include <stdlib.h> in many probes. However the last
                      # missing prototype was only addressed by f16c94bc75aefb81
                      # (for futimes), and the last missing prototypes a few
                      # commits later in f82f0f36c7188b6d
                      #
                      # As an aside, commit dc45a647708b6c54 fixes the signal
                      # name probe (etc) - the commit tagged as perl-5.004_01
                      # *seems* to fix the signal name probe, but actually it
                      # fixes an error in the fallback awk code, not the C
                      # probe's missing prototype.
                      #
                      # With current C compilers there is no correctness risk
                      # from including a header more than once, so the easiest
                      # approach to making this all work is to add includes
                      # "to be sure to be sure"
                      #
                      # The trick is not to break *working* probes by
                      # accidentally including a header *within* a construction.
                      # So we need to have some confidence that it's the start
                      # of a file (or somewhere safe)

                      my $headers = <<'EOFIX';
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
EOFIX

                      # This handles $cat and plain cat:
                      $code =~ s{([\$\t\n ]cat > *[a-z0-9]+\.c <<[^\n]*\n)}
                                {$1$headers}g;
                      # Of course, there's always one that's backwards:
                      $code =~ s{([\$\t\n ]cat <<[^\n]* > *[a-z0-9]+\.c\n)}
                                {$1$headers}g;

                      # and >> used to *create* a file.
                      # We have to be careful to distinguish those from >> used
                      # to append to a file. All the first lines have #include
                      # or #ifdef. Except the few that don't...
                      $code =~ s{
                                    ([\$\t\n ]cat\ >>\ *[a-z]+\.c\ <<[^\n]*\n)
                                    (
                                        # #include/#ifdef ...
                                        \#
                                    |
                                        # The non-blocking IO probe
                                        (?:int\ )?main\(\)
                                    |
                                        # The alignment constraint probe
                                        struct\ foobar
                                    )
                                }
                                {$1$headers$2}gx;

                      # This is part of commit c727eafaa06ca49a:
                      $code =~ s{\(int\)exit\(0\);}
                                {\(void\)exit\(0\);};

                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($major < 10) {
        # Fix symbol detection to that of commit 373dfab3839ca168 if it's any
        # intermediate version 5129fff43c4fe08c or later, as the intermediate
        # versions don't work correctly on (at least) Sparc Linux.
        # 5129fff43c4fe08c adds the first mention of mistrustnm.
        # 373dfab3839ca168 removes the last mention of lc=""
        #
        # Fix symbol detection prior to 5129fff43c4fe08c to use the same
        # approach, where we don't call printf without a prototype
        # We can't include <stdio.h> to get its prototype, as the way this works
        # is to create a (wrong) prototype for the probed functions, and those
        # conflict if the function in question is in stdio.h.
        edit_file('Configure', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      return $code
                          if $code !~ /\btc="";/; # 373dfab3839ca168 or later
                      if ($code !~ /\bmistrustnm\b/) {
                          # doing this as a '' heredoc seems to be the easiest
                          # way to avoid confusing levels of backslashes:
                          my $now = <<'EOT';
void *(*(p()))$tdc { extern void *$1$tdc; return &$1; } int main() { if(p()) return(0); else return(1); }
EOT
                          chomp $now;

                          # before 5129fff43c4fe08c
                          # befure 16d20bd98cd29be7
                          my @old = (<<'EOT', <<'EOT');
main() { extern short $1$tdc; printf(\"%hd\", $1$tc); }
EOT
main() { extern int $1$tdc; printf(\"%d\", $1$tc); }
EOT
                          for my $was (@old) {
                              chomp $was;
                              $was = quotemeta $was;

                              # Prior to commit d674cd6de52ff38b there was no
                              # 'int ' for 'int main'
                              $code =~ s/(?:int )?$was/$now/;
                          }
                          return $code;
                      }

                      my $fixed = <<'EOC';

: is a C symbol defined?
csym='tlook=$1;
case "$3" in
-v) tf=libc.tmp; tdc="";;
-a) tf=libc.tmp; tdc="[]";;
*) tlook="^$1\$"; tf=libc.list; tdc="()";;
esac;
tx=yes;
case "$reuseval-$4" in
true-) ;;
true-*) tx=no; eval "tval=\$$4"; case "$tval" in "") tx=yes;; esac;;
esac;
case "$tx" in
yes)
	tval=false;
	if $test "$runnm" = true; then
		if $contains $tlook $tf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
			tval=true;
		elif $test "$mistrustnm" = compile -o "$mistrustnm" = run; then
			echo "void *(*(p()))$tdc { extern void *$1$tdc; return &$1; } int main() { if(p()) return(0); else return(1); }"> try.c;
			$cc -o try $optimize $ccflags $ldflags try.c >/dev/null 2>&1 $libs && tval=true;
			$test "$mistrustnm" = run -a -x try && { $run ./try$_exe >/dev/null 2>&1 || tval=false; };
			$rm -f try$_exe try.c core core.* try.core;
		fi;
	else
		echo "void *(*(p()))$tdc { extern void *$1$tdc; return &$1; } int main() { if(p()) return(0); else return(1); }"> try.c;
		$cc -o try $optimize $ccflags $ldflags try.c $libs >/dev/null 2>&1 && tval=true;
		$rm -f try$_exe try.c;
	fi;
	;;
*)
	case "$tval" in
	$define) tval=true;;
	*) tval=false;;
	esac;
	;;
esac;
eval "$2=$tval"'

EOC
                      $code =~ s/\n: is a C symbol defined\?\n.*?\neval "\$2=\$tval"'\n\n/$fixed/sm
                          or die_255("substitution failed");
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($major < 10
        && extract_from_file('Configure', qr/^set malloc\.h i_malloc$/)) {
        # This is commit 01d07975f7ef0e7d, trimmed, with $compile inlined as
        # prior to bd9b35c97ad661cc Configure had the malloc.h test before the
        # definition of $compile.
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Configure b/Configure
index 3d2e8b9..6ce7766 100755
--- a/Configure
+++ b/Configure
@@ -6743,5 +6743,22 @@ set d_dosuid
 
 : see if this is a malloc.h system
-set malloc.h i_malloc
-eval $inhdr
+: we want a real compile instead of Inhdr because some systems have a
+: malloc.h that just gives a compile error saying to use stdlib.h instead
+echo " "
+$cat >try.c <<EOCP
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+int main () { return 0; }
+EOCP
+set try
+if $cc $optimize $ccflags $ldflags -o try $* try.c $libs > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+    echo "<malloc.h> found." >&4
+    val="$define"
+else
+    echo "<malloc.h> NOT found." >&4
+    val="$undef"
+fi
+$rm -f try.c try
+set i_malloc
+eval $setvar
 
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major < 38 && !extract_from_file('Configure', qr/Too many attempts asking the same question/)) {
        # Without this, myread can loop infinitely trying to get a valid answer,
        # and hence Configure gets stuck in a loop, outputting the same question
        # repeatedly. This isn't what we need.
        apply_commit('46bfb3c49f22629a');
    }
}

sub patch_hints {
    if ($^O eq 'freebsd') {
        # There are rather too many version-specific FreeBSD hints fixes to
        # patch individually. Also, more than once the FreeBSD hints file has
        # been written in what turned out to be a rather non-future-proof style,
        # with case statements treating the most recent version as the
        # exception, instead of treating previous versions' behaviour explicitly
        # and changing the default to cater for the current behaviour. (As
        # strangely, future versions inherit the current behaviour.)
        checkout_file('hints/freebsd.sh');
    } elsif ($^O eq 'darwin') {
        if ($major < 8) {
            # We can't build on darwin without some of the data in the hints
            # file. Probably less surprising to use the earliest version of
            # hints/darwin.sh and then edit in place just below, than use
            # blead's version, as that would create a discontinuity at
            # f556e5b971932902 - before it, hints bugs would be "fixed", after
            # it they'd resurface. This way, we should give the illusion of
            # monotonic bug fixing.
            my $faking_it;
            if (!-f 'hints/darwin.sh') {
                checkout_file('hints/darwin.sh', 'f556e5b971932902');
                ++$faking_it;
            }

            edit_file('hints/darwin.sh', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      # Part of commit 8f4f83badb7d1ba9, which mostly undoes
                      # commit 0511a818910f476c.
                      $code =~ s/^cppflags='-traditional-cpp';$/cppflags="\${cppflags} -no-cpp-precomp"/m;
                      # commit 14c11978e9b52e08/803bb6cc74d36a3f
                      # Without this, code in libperl.bundle links against op.o
                      # in preference to opmini.o on the linker command line,
                      # and hence miniperl tries to use File::Glob instead of
                      # csh
                      $code =~ s/^(lddlflags=)/ldflags="\${ldflags} -flat_namespace"\n$1/m;
                      # f556e5b971932902 also patches Makefile.SH with some
                      # special case code to deal with useshrplib for darwin.
                      # Given that post 5.8.0 the darwin hints default was
                      # changed to false, and it would be very complex to splice
                      # in that code in various versions of Makefile.SH back
                      # to 5.002, lets just turn it off.
                      $code =~ s/^useshrplib='true'/useshrplib='false'/m
                          if $faking_it;

                      # Part of commit d235852b65d51c44
                      # Don't do this on a case sensitive HFS+ partition, as it
                      # breaks the build for 5.003 and earlier.
                      if ($case_insensitive
                          && $code !~ /^firstmakefile=GNUmakefile/) {
                          $code .= "\nfirstmakefile=GNUmakefile;\n";
                      }

                      return $code;
                  });
        }

        if ($major < 8 ||
                ($major < 10 && !extract_from_file('ext/DynaLoader/Makefile.PL',
                                                   qr/sub MY::static /))) {
            edit_file('hints/darwin.sh', sub {
                          my $code = shift;
                          # As above, the build fails if version of code in op.o
                          # is linked to, instead of opmini.o
                          # We don't need this after commit 908fcb8bef8cbab8,
                          # which moves DynaLoader.o into the shared perl
                          # library, as it *also* redoes the build so that
                          # miniperl is linked against all the object files
                          # (explicitly excluding op.o), instead of against the
                          # shared library (and reyling on "flat namespaces"
                          # - ie make Mach-O behave like ELF - to end up with
                          # objects in the library linking against opmini.o)
                          $code .= <<'EOHACK';

# Force a flat namespace everywhere:
echo $ldflags | grep flat_namespace || ldflags=`echo \$lddflags -flat_namespace`
echo $lddlflags | grep flat_namespace || lddlflags=`echo \$lddlflags -flat_namespace`
EOHACK
                          return $code;
                      });
        }

        if ($major < 16) {
            edit_file('hints/darwin.sh', sub {
                          my $code = shift;
                          # This is commit 60a655a1ee05c577
                          $code =~ s/usenm='true'/usenm='false'/;

                          # With the Configure probes fixed (in patch_Configure)
                          # the "d_stdstdio" logic now concludes "define".
                          # Unfortunately that is not correct - attempting to
                          # build 5.8.0 without this override results in SEGVs
                          # or similar chaos.
                          #
                          # The problem is introduced by commit 5a3a8a022aa61cba
                          # which enables perlio by default.
                          # The problem is hidden after 15b61c98f82f3010, which
                          # adds "d_faststdio" and defaults it to "undef" from
                          # that commit onwards, but override that and the build
                          # would break, up until "turning off perlio" was
                          # disabled by commit dd35fa16610ef2fa
                          $code .= "\nd_stdstdio='undef'\n";

                          return $code;
                      });
        }

        if ($major < 34) {
            edit_file('hints/darwin.sh', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      # This is commits aadc6422eaec39c2 and 54d41b60822734cf
                      # rolled into one:
                      $code =~ s/    10\.\*(?: \| 11\.\*)?\)/    [1-9][0-9].*)/g;
                      return $code;
                  });
        }
    } elsif ($^O eq 'netbsd') {
        if ($major < 6) {
            # These are part of commit 099685bc64c7dbce
            edit_file('hints/netbsd.sh', sub {
                          my $code = shift;
                          my $fixed = <<'EOC';
case "$osvers" in
0.9|0.8*)
	usedl="$undef"
	;;
*)
	if [ -f /usr/libexec/ld.elf_so ]; then
		d_dlopen=$define
		d_dlerror=$define
		ccdlflags="-Wl,-E -Wl,-R${PREFIX}/lib $ccdlflags"
		cccdlflags="-DPIC -fPIC $cccdlflags"
		lddlflags="--whole-archive -shared $lddlflags"
	elif [ "`uname -m`" = "pmax" ]; then
# NetBSD 1.3 and 1.3.1 on pmax shipped an 'old' ld.so, which will not work.
		d_dlopen=$undef
	elif [ -f /usr/libexec/ld.so ]; then
		d_dlopen=$define
		d_dlerror=$define
		ccdlflags="-Wl,-R${PREFIX}/lib $ccdlflags"
# we use -fPIC here because -fpic is *NOT* enough for some of the
# extensions like Tk on some netbsd platforms (the sparc is one)
		cccdlflags="-DPIC -fPIC $cccdlflags"
		lddlflags="-Bforcearchive -Bshareable $lddlflags"
	else
		d_dlopen=$undef
	fi
	;;
esac
EOC
                          $code =~ s/^case "\$osvers" in\n0\.9\|0\.8.*?^esac\n/$fixed/ms;
                          return $code;
                      });
        }
    } elsif ($^O eq 'openbsd') {
        if ($major < 8) {
            checkout_file('hints/openbsd.sh', '43051805d53a3e4c')
                unless -f 'hints/openbsd.sh';
            my $which = extract_from_file('hints/openbsd.sh',
                                          qr/# from (2\.8|3\.1) onwards/,
                                          '');
            if ($which eq '') {
                my $was = extract_from_file('hints/openbsd.sh',
                                            qr/(lddlflags="(?:-Bforcearchive )?-Bshareable)/);
                # This is commit 154d43cbcf57271c and parts of 5c75dbfa77b0949c
                # and 29b5585702e5e025
                apply_patch(sprintf <<'EOPATCH', $was);
diff --git a/hints/openbsd.sh b/hints/openbsd.sh
index a7d8bf2..5b79709 100644
--- a/hints/openbsd.sh
+++ b/hints/openbsd.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,25 @@ OpenBSD.alpha|OpenBSD.mips|OpenBSD.powerpc|OpenBSD.vax)
 	# we use -fPIC here because -fpic is *NOT* enough for some of the
 	# extensions like Tk on some OpenBSD platforms (ie: sparc)
 	cccdlflags="-DPIC -fPIC $cccdlflags"
-	%s $lddlflags"
+	case "$osvers" in
+	[01].*|2.[0-7]|2.[0-7].*)
+		lddlflags="-Bshareable $lddlflags"
+		;;
+	2.[8-9]|3.0)
+		ld=${cc:-cc}
+		lddlflags="-shared -fPIC $lddlflags"
+		;;
+	*) # from 3.1 onwards
+		ld=${cc:-cc}
+		lddlflags="-shared -fPIC $lddlflags"
+		libswanted=`echo $libswanted | sed 's/ dl / /'`
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# We need to force ld to export symbols on ELF platforms.
+	# Without this, dlopen() is crippled.
+	ELF=`${cc:-cc} -dM -E - </dev/null | grep __ELF__`
+	test -n "$ELF" && ldflags="-Wl,-E $ldflags"
 	;;
 esac
 
EOPATCH
            } elsif ($which eq '2.8') {
                # This is parts of 5c75dbfa77b0949c and 29b5585702e5e025, and
                # possibly eb9cd59d45ad2908
                my $was = extract_from_file('hints/openbsd.sh',
                                            qr/lddlflags="(-shared(?: -fPIC)?) \$lddlflags"/);

                apply_patch(sprintf <<'EOPATCH', $was);
--- a/hints/openbsd.sh	2011-10-21 17:25:20.000000000 +0200
+++ b/hints/openbsd.sh	2011-10-21 16:58:43.000000000 +0200
@@ -44,11 +44,21 @@
 	[01].*|2.[0-7]|2.[0-7].*)
 		lddlflags="-Bshareable $lddlflags"
 		;;
-	*) # from 2.8 onwards
+	2.[8-9]|3.0)
 		ld=${cc:-cc}
-		lddlflags="%s $lddlflags"
+		lddlflags="-shared -fPIC $lddlflags"
+		;;
+	*) # from 3.1 onwards
+		ld=${cc:-cc}
+		lddlflags="-shared -fPIC $lddlflags"
+		libswanted=`echo $libswanted | sed 's/ dl / /'`
 		;;
 	esac
+
+	# We need to force ld to export symbols on ELF platforms.
+	# Without this, dlopen() is crippled.
+	ELF=`${cc:-cc} -dM -E - </dev/null | grep __ELF__`
+	test -n "$ELF" && ldflags="-Wl,-E $ldflags"
 	;;
 esac
 
EOPATCH
            } elsif ($which eq '3.1'
                     && !extract_from_file('hints/openbsd.sh',
                                           qr/We need to force ld to export symbols on ELF platforms/)) {
                # This is part of 29b5585702e5e025
                apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/hints/openbsd.sh b/hints/openbsd.sh
index c6b6bc9..4839d04 100644
--- a/hints/openbsd.sh
+++ b/hints/openbsd.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ alpha-2.[0-8]|mips-*|vax-*|powerpc-2.[0-7]|m88k-*)
 		libswanted=`echo $libswanted | sed 's/ dl / /'`
 		;;
 	esac
+
+	# We need to force ld to export symbols on ELF platforms.
+	# Without this, dlopen() is crippled.
+	ELF=`${cc:-cc} -dM -E - </dev/null | grep __ELF__`
+	test -n "$ELF" && ldflags="-Wl,-E $ldflags"
 	;;
 esac
 
EOPATCH
            }
        }
    } elsif ($^O eq 'linux') {
        if ($major < 1) {
            # sparc linux seems to need the -Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL part of
            # perl5.000 patch.0n: [address Configure and build issues]
            edit_file('hints/linux.sh', sub {
                          my $code = shift;
                          $code =~ s!-I/usr/include/bsd!-Dbool=char -DHAS_BOOL!g;
                          return $code;
                      });
        }

        if ($major <= 9) {
            if (`uname -sm` =~ qr/^Linux sparc/) {
                if (extract_from_file('hints/linux.sh', qr/sparc-linux/)) {
                    # Be sure to use -fPIC not -fpic on Linux/SPARC
                    apply_commit('f6527d0ef0c13ad4');
                } elsif(!extract_from_file('hints/linux.sh',
                                           qr/^sparc-linux\)$/)) {
                    my $fh = open_or_die('hints/linux.sh', '>>');
                    print $fh <<'EOT' or die_255($!);

case "`uname -m`" in
sparc*)
	case "$cccdlflags" in
	*-fpic*) cccdlflags="`echo $cccdlflags|sed 's/-fpic/-fPIC/'`" ;;
	*)	 cccdlflags="$cccdlflags -fPIC" ;;
	esac
	;;
esac
EOT
                    close_or_die($fh);
                }
            }
        }
    } elsif ($^O eq 'solaris') {
        if (($major == 13 || $major == 14)
            && extract_from_file('hints/solaris_2.sh', qr/getconfldllflags/)) {
            apply_commit('c80bde4388070c45');
        }
    }
}

sub patch_SH {
    # Cwd.xs added in commit 0d2079faa739aaa9. Cwd.pm moved to ext/ 8 years
    # later in commit 403f501d5b37ebf0
    if ($major > 0 && <*/Cwd/Cwd.xs>) {
        if ($major < 10
            && !extract_from_file('Makefile.SH', qr/^extra_dep=''$/)) {
            # The Makefile.PL for Unicode::Normalize needs
            # lib/unicore/CombiningClass.pl. Even without a parallel build, we
            # need a dependency to ensure that it builds. This is a variant of
            # commit 9f3ef600c170f61e. Putting this for earlier versions gives
            # us a spot on which to hang the edits below
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Makefile.SH b/Makefile.SH
index f61d0db..6097954 100644
--- a/Makefile.SH
+++ b/Makefile.SH
@@ -155,10 +155,20 @@ esac
 
 : Prepare dependency lists for Makefile.
 dynamic_list=' '
+extra_dep=''
 for f in $dynamic_ext; do
     : the dependency named here will never exist
       base=`echo "$f" | sed 's/.*\///'`
-    dynamic_list="$dynamic_list lib/auto/$f/$base.$dlext"
+    this_target="lib/auto/$f/$base.$dlext"
+    dynamic_list="$dynamic_list $this_target"
+
+    : Parallel makes reveal that we have some interdependencies
+    case $f in
+	Math/BigInt/FastCalc) extra_dep="$extra_dep
+$this_target: lib/auto/List/Util/Util.$dlext" ;;
+	Unicode/Normalize) extra_dep="$extra_dep
+$this_target: lib/unicore/CombiningClass.pl" ;;
+    esac
 done
 
 static_list=' '
@@ -987,2 +997,9 @@ n_dummy $(nonxs_ext):	miniperl$(EXE_EXT) preplibrary $(DYNALOADER) FORCE
 	@$(LDLIBPTH) sh ext/util/make_ext nonxs $@ MAKE=$(MAKE) LIBPERL_A=$(LIBPERL)
+!NO!SUBS!
+
+$spitshell >>Makefile <<EOF
+$extra_dep
+EOF
+
+$spitshell >>Makefile <<'!NO!SUBS!'
 
EOPATCH
        }

        if ($major == 15 && $^O !~ /^(linux|darwin|.*bsd)$/
            && extract_from_file('Makefile.SH', qr/^V.* \?= /)) {
            # Remove the GNU-make-ism (which the BSD makes also support, but
            # most other makes choke on)
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Makefile.SH b/Makefile.SH
index 94952bd..13e9001 100755
--- a/Makefile.SH
+++ b/Makefile.SH
@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ linux*|darwin)
 $spitshell >>$Makefile <<!GROK!THIS!
 # If you're going to use valgrind and it can't be invoked as plain valgrind
 # then you'll need to change this, or override it on the make command line.
-VALGRIND ?= valgrind
-VG_TEST  ?= ./perl -e 1 2>/dev/null
+VALGRIND = valgrind
+VG_TEST  = ./perl -e 1 2>/dev/null
 
 !GROK!THIS!
 	;;
EOPATCH
        }

        if ($major == 11) {
            if (extract_from_file('patchlevel.h',
                                  qr/^#include "unpushed\.h"/)) {
                # I had thought it easier to detect when building one of the 52
                # commits with the original method of incorporating the git
                # revision and drop parallel make flags. Commits shown by
                # git log 46807d8e809cc127^..dcff826f70bf3f64^ ^d4fb0a1f15d1a1c4
                # However, it's not actually possible to make miniperl for that
                # configuration as-is, because the file .patchnum is only made
                # as a side effect of target 'all'
                # I also don't think that it's "safe" to simply run
                # make_patchnum.sh before the build. We need the proper
                # dependency rules in the Makefile to *stop* it being run again
                # at the wrong time.
                # This range is important because contains the commit that
                # merges Schwern's y2038 work.
                apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/Makefile.SH b/Makefile.SH
index 9ad8b6f..106e721 100644
--- a/Makefile.SH
+++ b/Makefile.SH
@@ -540,9 +544,14 @@ sperl.i: perl.c $(h)
 
 .PHONY: all translators utilities make_patchnum
 
-make_patchnum:
+make_patchnum: lib/Config_git.pl
+
+lib/Config_git.pl: make_patchnum.sh
 	sh $(shellflags) make_patchnum.sh
 
+# .patchnum, unpushed.h and lib/Config_git.pl are built by make_patchnum.sh
+unpushed.h .patchnum: lib/Config_git.pl
+
 # make sure that we recompile perl.c if .patchnum changes
 perl$(OBJ_EXT): .patchnum unpushed.h
 
EOPATCH
            } elsif (-f '.gitignore'
                     && extract_from_file('.gitignore', qr/^\.patchnum$/)) {
                # 8565263ab8a47cda to 46807d8e809cc127^ inclusive.
                edit_file('Makefile.SH', sub {
                              my $code = shift;
                              $code =~ s/^make_patchnum:\n/make_patchnum: .patchnum

.sha1: .patchnum

.patchnum: make_patchnum.sh
/m;
                              return $code;
                          });
            } elsif (-f 'lib/.gitignore'
                     && extract_from_file('lib/.gitignore',
                                          qr!^/Config_git.pl!)
                     && !extract_from_file('Makefile.SH',
                                        qr/^uudmap\.h.*:bitcount.h$/)) {
                # Between commits and dcff826f70bf3f64 and 0f13ebd5d71f8177^
                edit_file('Makefile.SH', sub {
                              my $code = shift;
                              # Bug introduced by 344af494c35a9f0f
                              # fixed in 0f13ebd5d71f8177
                              $code =~ s{^(pod/perlapi\.pod) (pod/perlintern\.pod): }
                                        {$1: $2\n\n$2: }m;
                              # Bug introduced by efa50c51e3301a2c
                              # fixed in 0f13ebd5d71f8177
                              $code =~ s{^(uudmap\.h) (bitcount\.h): }
                                        {$1: $2\n\n$2: }m;

                              # The rats nest of getting git_version.h correct

                              if ($code =~ s{git_version\.h: stock_git_version\.h
\tcp stock_git_version\.h git_version\.h}
                                            {}m) {
                                  # before 486cd780047ff224

                                  # We probably can't build between
                                  # 953f6acfa20ec275^ and 8565263ab8a47cda
                                  # inclusive, but all commits in that range
                                  # relate to getting make_patchnum.sh working,
                                  # so it is extremely unlikely to be an
                                  # interesting bisect target. They will skip.

                                  # No, don't spawn a submake if
                                  # make_patchnum.sh or make_patchnum.pl fails
                                  $code =~ s{\|\| \$\(MAKE\) miniperl.*}
                                            {}m;
                                  $code =~ s{^\t(sh.*make_patchnum\.sh.*)}
                                            {\t-$1}m;

                                  # Use an external perl to run make_patchnum.pl
                                  # because miniperl still depends on
                                  # git_version.h
                                  $code =~ s{^\t.*make_patchnum\.pl}
                                            {\t-$^X make_patchnum.pl}m;


                                  # "Truth in advertising" - running
                                  # make_patchnum generates 2 files.
                                  $code =~ s{^make_patchnum:.*}{
make_patchnum: lib/Config_git.pl

git_version.h: lib/Config_git.pl

perlmini\$(OBJ_EXT): git_version.h

lib/Config_git.pl:}m;
                              }
                              # Right, now we've corrected Makefile.SH to
                              # correctly describe how lib/Config_git.pl and
                              # git_version.h are made, we need to fix the rest

                              # This emulates commit 2b63e250843b907e
                              # This might duplicate the rule stating that
                              # git_version.h depends on lib/Config_git.pl
                              # This is harmless.
                              $code =~ s{^(?:lib/Config_git\.pl )?git_version\.h: (.* make_patchnum\.pl.*)}
                                        {git_version.h: lib/Config_git.pl

lib/Config_git.pl: $1}m;

                              # This emulates commits 0f13ebd5d71f8177
                              # and a04d4598adc57886. It ensures that
                              # lib/Config_git.pl is built before configpm,
                              # and that configpm is run exactly once.
                              $code =~ s{^(\$\(.*?\) )?(\$\(CONFIGPOD\))(: .*? configpm Porting/Glossary)( lib/Config_git\.pl)?}{
                                  # If present, other files depend on $(CONFIGPOD)
                                  ($1 ? "$1: $2\n\n" : '')
                                      # Then the rule we found
                                      . $2 . $3
                                          # Add dependency if not there
                                          . ($4 ? $4 : ' lib/Config_git.pl')
                              }me;

                              return $code;
                          });
            }
        }

        if ($major < 14) {
            # Commits dc0655f797469c47 and d11a62fe01f2ecb2
            edit_file('Makefile.SH', sub {
                          my $code = shift;
                          foreach my $ext (qw(Encode SDBM_File)) {
                              next if $code =~ /\b$ext\) extra_dep=/s;
                              $code =~ s!(\) extra_dep="\$extra_dep
\$this_target: .*?" ;;)
(    esac
)!$1
	$ext) extra_dep="\$extra_dep
\$this_target: lib/auto/Cwd/Cwd.\$dlext" ;;
$2!;
                          }
                          return $code;
                      });
        }
    }

    if ($major == 3) {
        # This is part of commit f0efd8cf98c95b42:
        edit_file('Makefile.SH', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s/<<!NO!SUBS!/<<'!NO!SUBS!'/;
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($major == 7) {
        # Remove commits 9fec149bb652b6e9 and 5bab1179608f81d8, which add/amend
        # rules to automatically run regen scripts that rebuild C headers. These
        # cause problems because a git checkout doesn't preserve relative file
        # modification times, hence the regen scripts may fire. This will
        # obscure whether the repository had the correct generated headers
        # checked in.
        # Also, the dependency rules for running the scripts were not correct,
        # which could cause spurious re-builds on re-running make, and can cause
        # complete build failures for a parallel make.
        if (extract_from_file('Makefile.SH',
                              qr/Writing it this way gives make a big hint to always run opcode\.pl before/)) {
            apply_commit('70c6e6715e8fec53');
        } elsif (extract_from_file('Makefile.SH',
                                   qr/^opcode\.h opnames\.h pp_proto\.h pp\.sym: opcode\.pl$/)) {
            revert_commit('9fec149bb652b6e9');
        }
    }

    if ($^O eq 'darwin' && ($major < 8
                                || ($major < 10
                                    && !extract_from_file('ext/DynaLoader/Makefile.PL',
                                                          qr/sub MY::static /)))) {
        my $cwd = Cwd::getcwd();
        my $wrapper = 'miniperl.sh';
        my $fh = open_or_die($wrapper, '>');
        print $fh <<"EOT";
#!/bin/sh
${aggressive_apple_security}exec $cwd/miniperl "\$\@"
EOT
        close_or_die($fh);
        chmod 0755, $wrapper
            or die "Couldn't chmod 0755 $wrapper: $!";

        edit_file('ext/util/make_ext', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      # This is shell expansion syntax
                      $code =~ s{ (\.\./\$depth/miniperl) }
                                { $1.sh };
                      # This is actually the same line as edited above.
                      # We need this because (yay), without this EU::MM will
                      # default to searching for a working perl binary
                      # (sensible plan) but due to macOS stripping
                      # DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH during system(...), .../miniperl
                      # (as found from $^X) *isn't* going to work.
                      $code =~ s{ (Makefile\.PL INSTALLDIRS=perl) }
                                { $1 PERL=\.\./\$depth/miniperl.sh };
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($^O eq 'aix' && $major >= 8 && $major < 28
        && extract_from_file('Makefile.SH', qr!\Q./$(MINIPERLEXP) makedef.pl\E.*aix!)) {
        # This is a variant the AIX part of commit 72bbce3da5eeffde:
        # miniperl also needs -Ilib for perl.exp on AIX etc
        edit_file('Makefile.SH', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s{(\Q./$(MINIPERLEXP)\E) (makedef\.pl.*aix)}
                                {$1 -Ilib $2};
                      return $code;
                  })
    }
    # This is the line before the line we've edited just above:
    if ($^O eq 'aix' && $major >= 11 && $major <= 15
        && extract_from_file('makedef.pl', qr/^use Config/)) {
        edit_file('Makefile.SH', sub {
                      # The AIX part of commit e6807d8ab22b761c
                      # It's safe to substitute lib/Config.pm for config.sh
                      # as lib/Config.pm depends on config.sh
                      # If the tree is post e6807d8ab22b761c, the substitution
                      # won't match, which is harmless.
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s{^(perl\.exp:.* )config\.sh(\b.*)}
                                {$1 . '$(CONFIGPM)' . $2}me;
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    # There was a bug in makedepend.SH which was fixed in version 96a8704c.
    # Symptom was './makedepend: 1: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string'
    # Remove this if you're actually bisecting a problem related to
    # makedepend.SH
    # If you do this, you may need to add in code to correct the output of older
    # makedepends, which don't correctly filter newer gcc output such as
    # <built-in>

    # It's the same version in v5.26.0 to v5.34.0
    # Post v5.34.0, commit 8d469d0ecbd06a99 completely changes how makedepend.SH
    # interacts with Makefile.SH, meaning that it's not a drop-in upgrade.
    checkout_file('makedepend.SH', 'v5.34.0')
        if $major < 26;

    if ($major < 4 && -f 'config.sh'
        && !extract_from_file('config.sh', qr/^trnl=/)) {
        # This seems to be necessary to avoid makedepend becoming confused,
        # and hanging on stdin. Seems that the code after
        # make shlist || ...here... is never run.
        edit_file('makedepend.SH', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s/^trnl='\$trnl'$/trnl='\\n'/m;
                      return $code;
                  });
    }
}

sub patch_C {
    # This is ordered by $major, as it's likely that different platforms may
    # well want to share code.

    if ($major == 0) {
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/proto.h b/proto.h
index 9ffc6bbabc..16da198342 100644
--- a/proto.h
+++ b/proto.h
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #endif
 #ifdef OVERLOAD
 SV*	amagic_call _((SV* left,SV* right,int method,int dir));
+bool Gv_AMupdate _((HV* stash));
 #endif /* OVERLOAD */
 OP*	append_elem _((I32 optype, OP* head, OP* tail));
 OP*	append_list _((I32 optype, LISTOP* first, LISTOP* last));
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major == 2 && extract_from_file('perl.c', qr/^\tfclose\(e_fp\);$/)) {
        # need to patch perl.c to avoid calling fclose() twice on e_fp when
        # using -e
        # This diff is part of commit ab821d7fdc14a438. The second close was
        # introduced with perl-5.002, commit a5f75d667838e8e7
        # Might want a6c477ed8d4864e6 too, for the corresponding change to
        # pp_ctl.c (likely without this, eval will have "fun")
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/perl.c b/perl.c
index 03c4d48..3c814a2 100644
--- a/perl.c
+++ b/perl.c
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ setuid perl scripts securely.\n");
 #ifndef VMS  /* VMS doesn't have environ array */
     origenviron = environ;
 #endif
+    e_tmpname = Nullch;
 
     if (do_undump) {
 
@@ -405,6 +406,7 @@ setuid perl scripts securely.\n");
     if (e_fp) {
 	if (Fflush(e_fp) || ferror(e_fp) || fclose(e_fp))
 	    croak("Can't write to temp file for -e: %s", Strerror(errno));
+	e_fp = Nullfp;
 	argc++,argv--;
 	scriptname = e_tmpname;
     }
@@ -470,10 +472,10 @@ setuid perl scripts securely.\n");
     curcop->cop_line = 0;
     curstash = defstash;
     preprocess = FALSE;
-    if (e_fp) {
-	fclose(e_fp);
-	e_fp = Nullfp;
+    if (e_tmpname) {
 	(void)UNLINK(e_tmpname);
+	Safefree(e_tmpname);
+	e_tmpname = Nullch;
     }
 
     /* now that script is parsed, we can modify record separator */
@@ -1369,7 +1371,7 @@ SV *sv;
 	scriptname = xfound;
     }
 
-    origfilename = savepv(e_fp ? "-e" : scriptname);
+    origfilename = savepv(e_tmpname ? "-e" : scriptname);
     curcop->cop_filegv = gv_fetchfile(origfilename);
     if (strEQ(origfilename,"-"))
 	scriptname = "";

EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major < 3 && $^O eq 'openbsd'
        && !extract_from_file('pp_sys.c', qr/BSD_GETPGRP/)) {
        # Part of commit c3293030fd1b7489
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/pp_sys.c b/pp_sys.c
index 4608a2a..f0c9d1d 100644
--- a/pp_sys.c
+++ b/pp_sys.c
@@ -2903,8 +2903,8 @@ PP(pp_getpgrp)
 	pid = 0;
     else
 	pid = SvIVx(POPs);
-#ifdef USE_BSDPGRP
-    value = (I32)getpgrp(pid);
+#ifdef BSD_GETPGRP
+    value = (I32)BSD_GETPGRP(pid);
 #else
     if (pid != 0)
 	DIE("POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument");
@@ -2933,8 +2933,8 @@ PP(pp_setpgrp)
     }
 
     TAINT_PROPER("setpgrp");
-#ifdef USE_BSDPGRP
-    SETi( setpgrp(pid, pgrp) >= 0 );
+#ifdef BSD_SETPGRP
+    SETi( BSD_SETPGRP(pid, pgrp) >= 0 );
 #else
     if ((pgrp != 0) || (pid != 0)) {
 	DIE("POSIX setpgrp can't take an argument");
EOPATCH
    }

    # _(( was the macro wrapper for hiding ANSI prototypes from K&R C compilers:
    if ($major == 3 && !extract_from_file('proto.h', qr/\bsafemalloc\s+_\(\(/)) {
        # This is part of commit bbce6d69784bf43b:
        # [inseparable changes from patch from perl5.003_08 to perl5.003_09]
        # This only affects a few versions, but without this safemalloc etc get
        # an implicit return type (of int), and that is truncating addresses on
        # 64 bit systems. (And these days, seems that x86_64 linux has a memory
        # map which causes malloc to return addresses >= 2**32)
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/proto.h b/proto.h
index 851567b340..e650c8b07d 100644
--- a/proto.h
+++ b/proto.h
@@ -479,6 +479,13 @@ Malloc_t realloc _((Malloc_t where, MEM_SIZE nbytes));
 Free_t   free _((Malloc_t where));
 #endif
 
+#ifndef MYMALLOC
+Malloc_t safemalloc _((MEM_SIZE nbytes));
+Malloc_t safecalloc _((MEM_SIZE elements, MEM_SIZE size));
+Malloc_t saferealloc _((Malloc_t where, MEM_SIZE nbytes));
+Free_t   safefree _((Malloc_t where));
+#endif
+
 #ifdef LEAKTEST
 Malloc_t safexmalloc _((I32 x, MEM_SIZE size));
 Malloc_t safexcalloc _((I32 x, MEM_SIZE elements, MEM_SIZE size));
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major < 4 && $^O eq 'openbsd') {
        my $bad;
        # Need changes from commit a6e633defa583ad5.
        # Commits c07a80fdfe3926b5 and f82b3d4130164d5f changed the same part
        # of perl.h

        if (extract_from_file('perl.h',
                              qr/^#ifdef HAS_GETPGRP2$/)) {
            $bad = <<'EOBAD';
***************
*** 57,71 ****
  #define TAINT_PROPER(s)	if (tainting) taint_proper(no_security, s)
  #define TAINT_ENV()	if (tainting) taint_env()
  
! #ifdef HAS_GETPGRP2
! #   ifndef HAS_GETPGRP
! #	define HAS_GETPGRP
! #   endif
! #endif
! 
! #ifdef HAS_SETPGRP2
! #   ifndef HAS_SETPGRP
! #	define HAS_SETPGRP
! #   endif
  #endif
  
EOBAD
        } elsif (extract_from_file('perl.h',
                                   qr/Gack, you have one but not both of getpgrp2/)) {
            $bad = <<'EOBAD';
***************
*** 56,76 ****
  #define TAINT_PROPER(s)	if (tainting) taint_proper(no_security, s)
  #define TAINT_ENV()	if (tainting) taint_env()
  
! #if defined(HAS_GETPGRP2) && defined(HAS_SETPGRP2)
! #   define getpgrp getpgrp2
! #   define setpgrp setpgrp2
! #   ifndef HAS_GETPGRP
! #	define HAS_GETPGRP
! #   endif
! #   ifndef HAS_SETPGRP
! #	define HAS_SETPGRP
! #   endif
! #   ifndef USE_BSDPGRP
! #	define USE_BSDPGRP
! #   endif
! #else
! #   if defined(HAS_GETPGRP2) || defined(HAS_SETPGRP2)
! 	#include "Gack, you have one but not both of getpgrp2() and setpgrp2()."
! #   endif
  #endif
  
EOBAD
        } elsif (extract_from_file('perl.h',
                                   qr/^#ifdef USE_BSDPGRP$/)) {
            $bad = <<'EOBAD'
***************
*** 91,116 ****
  #define TAINT_PROPER(s)	if (tainting) taint_proper(no_security, s)
  #define TAINT_ENV()	if (tainting) taint_env()
  
! #ifdef USE_BSDPGRP
! #   ifdef HAS_GETPGRP
! #       define BSD_GETPGRP(pid) getpgrp((pid))
! #   endif
! #   ifdef HAS_SETPGRP
! #       define BSD_SETPGRP(pid, pgrp) setpgrp((pid), (pgrp))
! #   endif
! #else
! #   ifdef HAS_GETPGRP2
! #       define BSD_GETPGRP(pid) getpgrp2((pid))
! #       ifndef HAS_GETPGRP
! #    	    define HAS_GETPGRP
! #    	endif
! #   endif
! #   ifdef HAS_SETPGRP2
! #       define BSD_SETPGRP(pid, pgrp) setpgrp2((pid), (pgrp))
! #       ifndef HAS_SETPGRP
! #    	    define HAS_SETPGRP
! #    	endif
! #   endif
  #endif
  
  #ifndef _TYPES_		/* If types.h defines this it's easy. */
EOBAD
        }
        if ($bad) {
            apply_patch(<<"EOPATCH");
*** a/perl.h	2011-10-21 09:46:12.000000000 +0200
--- b/perl.h	2011-10-21 09:46:12.000000000 +0200
$bad--- 91,144 ----
  #define TAINT_PROPER(s)	if (tainting) taint_proper(no_security, s)
  #define TAINT_ENV()	if (tainting) taint_env()
  
! /* XXX All process group stuff is handled in pp_sys.c.  Should these 
!    defines move there?  If so, I could simplify this a lot. --AD  9/96.
! */
! /* Process group stuff changed from traditional BSD to POSIX.
!    perlfunc.pod documents the traditional BSD-style syntax, so we'll
!    try to preserve that, if possible.
! */
! #ifdef HAS_SETPGID
! #  define BSD_SETPGRP(pid, pgrp)	setpgid((pid), (pgrp))
! #else
! #  if defined(HAS_SETPGRP) && defined(USE_BSD_SETPGRP)
! #    define BSD_SETPGRP(pid, pgrp)	setpgrp((pid), (pgrp))
! #  else
! #    ifdef HAS_SETPGRP2  /* DG/UX */
! #      define BSD_SETPGRP(pid, pgrp)	setpgrp2((pid), (pgrp))
! #    endif
! #  endif
! #endif
! #if defined(BSD_SETPGRP) && !defined(HAS_SETPGRP)
! #  define HAS_SETPGRP  /* Well, effectively it does . . . */
! #endif
! 
! /* getpgid isn't POSIX, but at least Solaris and Linux have it, and it makes
!     our life easier :-) so we'll try it.
! */
! #ifdef HAS_GETPGID
! #  define BSD_GETPGRP(pid)		getpgid((pid))
! #else
! #  if defined(HAS_GETPGRP) && defined(USE_BSD_GETPGRP)
! #    define BSD_GETPGRP(pid)		getpgrp((pid))
! #  else
! #    ifdef HAS_GETPGRP2  /* DG/UX */
! #      define BSD_GETPGRP(pid)		getpgrp2((pid))
! #    endif
! #  endif
! #endif
! #if defined(BSD_GETPGRP) && !defined(HAS_GETPGRP)
! #  define HAS_GETPGRP  /* Well, effectively it does . . . */
! #endif
! 
! /* These are not exact synonyms, since setpgrp() and getpgrp() may 
!    have different behaviors, but perl.h used to define USE_BSDPGRP
!    (prior to 5.003_05) so some extension might depend on it.
! */
! #if defined(USE_BSD_SETPGRP) || defined(USE_BSD_GETPGRP)
! #  ifndef USE_BSDPGRP
! #    define USE_BSDPGRP
! #  endif
  #endif
  
  #ifndef _TYPES_		/* If types.h defines this it's easy. */
EOPATCH
        }
    }

    if ($major < 4 && $^O eq 'hpux'
        && extract_from_file('sv.c', qr/i = _filbuf\(/)) {
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/sv.c b/sv.c
index a1f1d60..0a806f1 100644
--- a/sv.c
+++ b/sv.c
@@ -2641,7 +2641,7 @@ I32 append;
 
 	FILE_cnt(fp) = cnt;		/* deregisterize cnt and ptr */
 	FILE_ptr(fp) = ptr;
-	i = _filbuf(fp);		/* get more characters */
+	i = __filbuf(fp);		/* get more characters */
 	cnt = FILE_cnt(fp);
 	ptr = FILE_ptr(fp);		/* reregisterize cnt and ptr */
 

EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major == 4 && extract_from_file('scope.c', qr/\(SV\*\)SSPOPINT/)) {
        # [PATCH] 5.004_04 +MAINT_TRIAL_1 broken when sizeof(int) != sizeof(void)
        # Fixes a bug introduced in 161b7d1635bc830b
        apply_commit('9002cb76ec83ef7f');
    }

    if ($major == 4 && extract_from_file('av.c', qr/AvARRAY\(av\) = 0;/)) {
        # Fixes a bug introduced in 1393e20655efb4bc
        apply_commit('e1c148c28bf3335b', 'av.c');
    }

    if ($major == 4) {
        my $rest = extract_from_file('perl.c', qr/delimcpy(.*)/);
        if (defined $rest and $rest !~ /,$/) {
            # delimcpy added in fc36a67e8855d031, perl.c refactored to use it.
            # bug introduced in 2a92aaa05aa1acbf, fixed in 8490252049bf42d3
            # code then moved to util.c in commit 491527d0220de34e
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/perl.c b/perl.c
index 4eb69e3..54bbb00 100644
--- a/perl.c
+++ b/perl.c
@@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ SV *sv;
 	    if (len < sizeof tokenbuf)
 		tokenbuf[len] = '\0';
 #else	/* ! (atarist || DOSISH) */
-	    s = delimcpy(tokenbuf, tokenbuf + sizeof tokenbuf, s, bufend
+	    s = delimcpy(tokenbuf, tokenbuf + sizeof tokenbuf, s, bufend,
 			 ':',
 			 &len);
 #endif	/* ! (atarist || DOSISH) */
EOPATCH
        }
    }

    if ($major == 4 && $^O eq 'linux') {
        # Whilst this is fixed properly in f0784f6a4c3e45e1 which provides the
        # Configure probe, it's easier to back out the problematic changes made
        # in these previous commits.

        # In maint-5.004, the simplest addition is to "correct" the file to
        # use the same pre-processor macros as blead had used. Whilst commit
        # 9b599b2a63d2324d (reverted below) is described as
        # [win32] merge change#887 from maintbranch
        # it uses __sun__ and __svr4__ instead of the __sun and __SVR4 of the
        # maint branch commit 6cdf74fe31f049dc

        edit_file('doio.c', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s{defined\(__sun\) && defined\(__SVR4\)}
                                {defined(__sun__) && defined(__svr4__)}g;
                      return $code;
                  });

        if (extract_from_file('doio.c',
                              qr!^/\* XXX REALLY need metaconfig test \*/$!)) {
            revert_commit('4682965a1447ea44', 'doio.c');
        }
        if (my $token = extract_from_file('doio.c',
                                          qr!^#if (defined\(__sun(?:__)?\)) && defined\(__svr4__\) /\* XXX Need metaconfig test \*/$!)) {
            my $patch = patch_from_commit('revert', '9b599b2a63d2324d', 'doio.c');
            $patch =~ s/defined\(__sun__\)/$token/g;
            apply_patch($patch);
        }
        if (extract_from_file('doio.c',
                              qr!^/\* linux \(and Solaris2\?\) uses :$!)) {
            revert_commit('8490252049bf42d3', 'doio.c');
        }
        if (extract_from_file('doio.c',
                              qr/^	    unsemds.buf = &semds;$/)) {
            revert_commit('8e591e46b4c6543e');
        }
        if (extract_from_file('doio.c',
                              qr!^#ifdef __linux__	/\* XXX Need metaconfig test \*/$!)) {
            # Reverts part of commit 3e3baf6d63945cb6
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git b/doio.c a/doio.c
index 62b7de9..0d57425 100644
--- b/doio.c
+++ a/doio.c
@@ -1333,9 +1331,6 @@ SV **sp;
     char *a;
     I32 id, n, cmd, infosize, getinfo;
     I32 ret = -1;
-#ifdef __linux__	/* XXX Need metaconfig test */
-    union semun unsemds;
-#endif
 
     id = SvIVx(*++mark);
     n = (optype == OP_SEMCTL) ? SvIVx(*++mark) : 0;
@@ -1364,29 +1359,11 @@ SV **sp;
 	    infosize = sizeof(struct semid_ds);
 	else if (cmd == GETALL || cmd == SETALL)
 	{
-#ifdef __linux__	/* XXX Need metaconfig test */
-/* linux uses :
-   int semctl (int semid, int semnun, int cmd, union semun arg)
-
-       union semun {
-            int val;
-            struct semid_ds *buf;
-            ushort *array;
-       };
-*/
-            union semun semds;
-	    if (semctl(id, 0, IPC_STAT, semds) == -1)
-#else
 	    struct semid_ds semds;
 	    if (semctl(id, 0, IPC_STAT, &semds) == -1)
-#endif
 		return -1;
 	    getinfo = (cmd == GETALL);
-#ifdef __linux__	/* XXX Need metaconfig test */
-	    infosize = semds.buf->sem_nsems * sizeof(short);
-#else
 	    infosize = semds.sem_nsems * sizeof(short);
-#endif
 		/* "short" is technically wrong but much more portable
 		   than guessing about u_?short(_t)? */
 	}
@@ -1429,12 +1406,7 @@ SV **sp;
 #endif
 #ifdef HAS_SEM
     case OP_SEMCTL:
-#ifdef __linux__	/* XXX Need metaconfig test */
-        unsemds.buf = (struct semid_ds *)a;
-	ret = semctl(id, n, cmd, unsemds);
-#else
 	ret = semctl(id, n, cmd, (struct semid_ds *)a);
-#endif
 	break;
 #endif
 #ifdef HAS_SHM
EOPATCH
        }
        # Incorrect prototype added as part of 8ac853655d9b7447, fixed as part
        # of commit dc45a647708b6c54, with at least one intermediate
        # modification. Correct prototype for gethostbyaddr has socklen_t
        # second. Linux has uint32_t first for getnetbyaddr.
        # Easiest just to remove, instead of attempting more complex patching.
        # Something similar may be needed on other platforms.
        edit_file('pp_sys.c', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s/^    struct hostent \*(?:PerlSock_)?gethostbyaddr\([^)]+\);$//m;
                      $code =~ s/^    struct netent \*getnetbyaddr\([^)]+\);$//m;
                      return $code;
                  });
    }

    if ($major < 5 && $^O eq 'aix'
        && !extract_from_file('pp_sys.c',
                              qr/defined\(HOST_NOT_FOUND\) && !defined\(h_errno\)/)) {
        # part of commit dc45a647708b6c54
        # Andy Dougherty's configuration patches (Config_63-01 up to 04).
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH')
diff --git a/pp_sys.c b/pp_sys.c
index c2fcb6f..efa39fb 100644
--- a/pp_sys.c
+++ b/pp_sys.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ extern "C" int syscall(unsigned long,...);
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#ifdef HOST_NOT_FOUND
+#if defined(HOST_NOT_FOUND) && !defined(h_errno)
 extern int h_errno;
 #endif
 
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major == 5
        && `git rev-parse HEAD` eq "22c35a8c2392967a5ba6b5370695be464bd7012c\n") {
        # Commit 22c35a8c2392967a is significant,
        # "phase 1 of somewhat major rearrangement of PERL_OBJECT stuff"
        # but doesn't build due to 2 simple errors. blead in this broken state
        # was merged to the cfgperl branch, and then these were immediately
        # corrected there. cfgperl (with the fixes) was merged back to blead.
        # The resultant rather twisty maze of commits looks like this:

=begin comment

* | |   commit 137225782c183172f360c827424b9b9f8adbef0e
|\ \ \  Merge: 22c35a8 2a8ee23
| |/ /  Author: Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@cpan.org>
| | |   Date:   Fri Oct 30 17:38:36 1998 +0000
| | |
| | |       integrate cfgperl tweaks into mainline
| | |
| | |       p4raw-id: //depot/perl@2144
| | |
| * | commit 2a8ee23279873759693fa83eca279355db2b665c
| | | Author: Jarkko Hietaniemi <jhi@iki.fi>
| | | Date:   Fri Oct 30 13:27:39 1998 +0000
| | |
| | |     There can be multiple yacc/bison errors.
| | |
| | |     p4raw-id: //depot/cfgperl@2143
| | |
| * | commit 93fb2ac393172fc3e2c14edb20b718309198abbc
| | | Author: Jarkko Hietaniemi <jhi@iki.fi>
| | | Date:   Fri Oct 30 13:18:43 1998 +0000
| | |
| | |     README.posix-bc update.
| | |
| | |     p4raw-id: //depot/cfgperl@2142
| | |
| * | commit 4ec43091e8e6657cb260b5e563df30aaa154effe
| | | Author: Jarkko Hietaniemi <jhi@iki.fi>
| | | Date:   Fri Oct 30 09:12:59 1998 +0000
| | |
| | |     #2133 fallout.
| | |
| | |     p4raw-id: //depot/cfgperl@2141
| | |
| * |   commit 134ca994cfefe0f613d43505a885e4fc2100b05c
| |\ \  Merge: 7093112 22c35a8
| |/ /  Author: Jarkko Hietaniemi <jhi@iki.fi>
|/| |   Date:   Fri Oct 30 08:43:18 1998 +0000
| | |
| | |       Integrate from mainperl.
| | |
| | |       p4raw-id: //depot/cfgperl@2140
| | |
* | | commit 22c35a8c2392967a5ba6b5370695be464bd7012c
| | | Author: Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@cpan.org>
| | | Date:   Fri Oct 30 02:51:39 1998 +0000
| | |
| | |     phase 1 of somewhat major rearrangement of PERL_OBJECT stuff
| | |     (objpp.h is gone, embed.pl now does some of that); objXSUB.h
| | |     should soon be automated also; the global variables that
| | |     escaped the PL_foo conversion are now reined in; renamed
| | |     MAGIC in regcomp.h to REG_MAGIC to avoid collision with the
| | |     type of same name; duplicated lists of pp_things in various
| | |     places is now gone; result has only been tested on win32
| | |
| | |     p4raw-id: //depot/perl@2133

=end comment

=cut

        # and completely confuses git bisect (and at least me), causing it to
        # the bisect run to confidently return the wrong answer, an unrelated
        # commit on the cfgperl branch.

        apply_commit('4ec43091e8e6657c');
    }

    if ($major == 5
        && extract_from_file('pp_sys.c', qr/PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK/)
        && !extract_from_file('pp_sys.c', qr/XXX Configure test needed for eaccess/)) {
        # Between 5ff3f7a4e03a6b10 and c955f1177b2e311d^
        # This is the meat of commit c955f1177b2e311d (without the other
        # indenting changes that would cause a conflict).
        # Without this 538 revisions won't build on (at least) Linux
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/pp_sys.c b/pp_sys.c
index d60c8dc..867dee4 100644
--- a/pp_sys.c
+++ b/pp_sys.c
@@ -198,9 +198,18 @@ static char zero_but_true[ZBTLEN + 1] = "0 but true";
 #   if defined(I_SYS_SECURITY)
 #       include <sys/security.h>
 #   endif
-#   define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK(p) (eaccess((p), R_OK, ACC_SELF))
-#   define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_W_OK(p) (eaccess((p), W_OK, ACC_SELF))
-#   define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_X_OK(p) (eaccess((p), X_OK, ACC_SELF))
+    /* XXX Configure test needed for eaccess */
+#   ifdef ACC_SELF
+        /* HP SecureWare */
+#       define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK(p) (eaccess((p), R_OK, ACC_SELF))
+#       define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_W_OK(p) (eaccess((p), W_OK, ACC_SELF))
+#       define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_X_OK(p) (eaccess((p), X_OK, ACC_SELF))
+#   else
+        /* SCO */
+#       define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK(p) (eaccess((p), R_OK))
+#       define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_W_OK(p) (eaccess((p), W_OK))
+#       define PERL_EFF_ACCESS_X_OK(p) (eaccess((p), X_OK))
+#   endif
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK) && defined(HAS_ACCESSX) && defined(ACC_SELF)
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major == 5
        && extract_from_file('mg.c', qr/If we're still on top of the stack, pop us off/)
        && !extract_from_file('mg.c', qr/PL_savestack_ix -= popval/)) {
        # Fix up commit 455ece5e082708b1:
        # SSNEW() API for allocating memory on the savestack
        # Message-Id: <tqemtae338.fsf@puma.genscan.com>
        # Subject: [PATCH 5.005_51] (was: why SAVEDESTRUCTOR()...)
        apply_commit('3c8a44569607336e', 'mg.c');
    }

    if ($major == 5) {
        if (extract_from_file('doop.c', qr/croak\(no_modify\);/)
            && extract_from_file('doop.c', qr/croak\(PL_no_modify\);/)) {
            # Whilst the log suggests that this would only fix 5 commits, in
            # practice this area of history is a complete tarpit, and git bisect
            # gets very confused by the skips in the middle of the back and
            # forth merging between //depot/perl and //depot/cfgperl
            apply_commit('6393042b638dafd3');
        }

        # One error "fixed" with another:
        if (extract_from_file('pp_ctl.c',
                              qr/\Qstatic void *docatch_body _((void *o));\E/)) {
            apply_commit('5b51e982882955fe');
        }
        # Which is then fixed by this:
        if (extract_from_file('pp_ctl.c',
                              qr/\Qstatic void *docatch_body _((valist\E/)) {
            apply_commit('47aa779ee4c1a50e');
        }

        if (extract_from_file('thrdvar.h', qr/PERLVARI\(Tprotect/)
            && !extract_from_file('embedvar.h', qr/PL_protect/)) {
            # Commit 312caa8e97f1c7ee didn't update embedvar.h
            apply_commit('e0284a306d2de082', 'embedvar.h');
        }
    }

    if ($major == 5
        && extract_from_file('sv.c',
                             qr/PerlDir_close\(IoDIRP\((?:\(IO\*\))?sv\)\);/)
        && !(extract_from_file('toke.c',
                               qr/\QIoDIRP(FILTER_DATA(AvFILLp(PL_rsfp_filters))) = NULL\E/)
             || extract_from_file('toke.c',
                                  qr/\QIoDIRP(datasv) = (DIR*)NULL;\E/))) {
        # Commit 93578b34124e8a3b, //depot/perl@3298
        # close directory handles properly when localized,
        # tweaked slightly by commit 1236053a2c722e2b,
        # add test case for change#3298
        #
        # The fix is the last part of:
        #
        # various fixes for clean build and test on win32; configpm broken,
        # needed to open myconfig.SH rather than myconfig; sundry adjustments
        # to bytecode stuff; tweaks to DYNAMIC_ENV_FETCH code to make it
        # work under win32; getenv_sv() changed to getenv_len() since SVs
        # aren't visible in the lower echelons; remove bogus exports from
        # config.sym; PERL_OBJECT-ness for C++ exception support; null out
        # IoDIRP in filter_del() or sv_free() will attempt to close it
        #
        # The changed code is modified subsequently by commit e0c198038146b7a4
        apply_commit('a6c403648ecd5cc7', 'toke.c');
    }

    if ($major < 6 && $^O eq 'netbsd'
        && !extract_from_file('unixish.h',
                              qr/defined\(NSIG\).*defined\(__NetBSD__\)/)) {
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH')
diff --git a/unixish.h b/unixish.h
index 2a6cbcd..eab2de1 100644
--- a/unixish.h
+++ b/unixish.h
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
  */
 /* #define ALTERNATE_SHEBANG "#!" / **/
 
-#if !defined(NSIG) || defined(M_UNIX) || defined(M_XENIX)
+#if !defined(NSIG) || defined(M_UNIX) || defined(M_XENIX) || defined(__NetBSD__)
 # include <signal.h>
 #endif
 
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major < 6 && extract_from_file('perl.h', qr/PL_uuemap\[\]/)) {
        # That [] needs to be [65]:
        apply_commit('7575fa06ca7baf15');
    }

    if ($major < 6 && $^O eq 'darwin'
            && !extract_from_file('perl.h', qr/ifdef I_FCNTL/)) {
        # This is part of commit 9a34ef1dede5fef4, but in a stable part of the
        # file:
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH')
diff --git a/perl.h b/perl.h
index 0d3f0b8333..19f6684894 100644
--- a/perl.h
+++ b/perl.h
@@ -310,6 +310,14 @@ register struct op *Perl_op asm(stringify(OP_IN_REGISTER));
 #   define BYTEORDER 0x1234
 #endif
 
+#ifdef I_FCNTL
+#  include <fcntl.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef I_SYS_FILE
+#  include <sys/file.h>
+#endif
+
 /* Overall memory policy? */
 #ifndef CONSERVATIVE
 #   define LIBERAL 1
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major == 7 && $^O eq 'aix' && -f 'ext/List/Util/Util.xs'
        && extract_from_file('ext/List/Util/Util.xs', qr/PUSHBLOCK/)
        && !extract_from_file('makedef.pl', qr/^Perl_cxinc/)) {
        # Need this to get List::Utils 1.03 and later to compile.
        # 1.03 also expects to call Perl_pp_rand. Commit d3632a54487acc5f
        # fixes this (for the unthreaded case), but it's not until 1.05,
        # two days later, that this is fixed properly.
        apply_commit('cbb96eed3f175499');
    }

    if (($major >= 7 || $major <= 9) && $^O eq 'openbsd'
        && `uname -m` eq "sparc64\n"
        # added in 2000 by commit cb434fcc98ac25f5:
        && extract_from_file('regexec.c',
                             qr!/\* No need to save/restore up to this paren \*/!)
        # re-indented in 2006 by commit 95b2444054382532:
        && extract_from_file('regexec.c', qr/^\t\tCURCUR cc;$/)) {
        # Need to work around a bug in (at least) OpenBSD's 4.6's sparc64 #
        # compiler ["gcc (GCC) 3.3.5 (propolice)"]. Between commits
        # 3ec562b0bffb8b8b (2002) and 1a4fad37125bac3e^ (2005) the darling thing
        # fails to compile any code for the statement cc.oldcc = PL_regcc;
        #
        # If you refactor the code to "fix" that, or force the issue using set
        # in the debugger, the stack smashing detection code fires on return
        # from S_regmatch(). Turns out that the compiler doesn't allocate any
        # (or at least enough) space for cc.
        #
        # Restore the "uninitialised" value for cc before function exit, and the
        # stack smashing code is placated.  "Fix" 3ec562b0bffb8b8b (which
        # changes the size of auto variables used elsewhere in S_regmatch), and
        # the crash is visible back to bc517b45fdfb539b (which also changes
        # buffer sizes). "Unfix" 1a4fad37125bac3e and the crash is visible until
        # 5b47454deb66294b.  Problem goes away if you compile with -O, or hack
        # the code as below.
        #
        # Hence this turns out to be a bug in (old) gcc. Not a security bug we
        # still need to fix.
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/regexec.c b/regexec.c
index 900b491..6251a0b 100644
--- a/regexec.c
+++ b/regexec.c
@@ -2958,7 +2958,11 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
 				I,I
  *******************************************************************/
 	case CURLYX: {
-		CURCUR cc;
+	    union {
+		CURCUR hack_cc;
+		char hack_buff[sizeof(CURCUR) + 1];
+	    } hack;
+#define cc hack.hack_cc
 		CHECKPOINT cp = PL_savestack_ix;
 		/* No need to save/restore up to this paren */
 		I32 parenfloor = scan->flags;
@@ -2983,6 +2987,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regnode *prog)
 		n = regmatch(PREVOPER(next));	/* start on the WHILEM */
 		regcpblow(cp);
 		PL_regcc = cc.oldcc;
+#undef cc
 		saySAME(n);
 	    }
 	    /* NOT REACHED */
EOPATCH
}

    if ($major < 8 && !extract_from_file('perl.h', qr/\bshort htovs\b/)) {
        # This is part of commit c623ac675720b314
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/perl.h b/perl.h
index 023b90b7ea..59a21faecd 100644
--- a/perl.h
+++ b/perl.h
@@ -2279,4 +2279,8 @@ struct ptr_tbl {
 # endif
 	/* otherwise default to functions in util.c */
+short htovs(short n);
+short vtohs(short n);
+long htovl(long n);
+long vtohl(long n);
 #endif
 
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major < 8 && !extract_from_file('perl.h', qr/include <unistd\.h>/)) {
        # This is part of commit 3f270f98f9305540, applied at a slightly
        # different location in perl.h, where the context is stable back to
        # 5.000
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/perl.h b/perl.h
index 9418b52..b8b1a7c 100644
--- a/perl.h
+++ b/perl.h
@@ -496,6 +496,10 @@ register struct op *Perl_op asm(stringify(OP_IN_REGISTER));
 #   include <sys/param.h>
 #endif
 
+/* If this causes problems, set i_unistd=undef in the hint file.  */
+#ifdef I_UNISTD
+#   include <unistd.h>
+#endif
 
 /* Use all the "standard" definitions? */
 #if defined(STANDARD_C) && defined(I_STDLIB)
EOPATCH
    }

    if ($major < 10) {
        # This is commit 731e259481f36b35, but adapted to remove all the
        # variations of guards around the inclusion of <signal.h>
        # Whilst we only hit this as a problem on arm64 macOS (so far), because
        # it insists on prototypes for everything, I'm assuming that doing this
        # everywhere and unconditionally might solve similar problems on other
        # platforms. Certainly, it *ought* to be safe to include a C89 header
        # these days.
        for my $file (qw(doop.c mg.c mpeix/mpeixish.h plan9/plan9ish.h unixish.h util.c)) {
            next
                unless -f $file;
            edit_file($file, sub {
                          my $code = shift;
                          $code =~ s{
                                        \n
                                        \#if \s+ [^\n]+
                                        \n
                                        \# \s* include \s+ <signal\.h>
                                        \n
                                        \#endif
                                        \n
                                }
                                    {\n#include <signal.h>\n}x;
                          return $code;
                      });
        }
    }

    if ($major == 15) {
        # This affects a small range of commits around July 2011, but build
        # failures here get in the way of bisecting other problems:

        my $line = extract_from_file('embed.fnc', qr/^X?pR\t\|I32\t\|was_lvalue_sub$/);
        if ($line) {
            # Need to export Perl_was_lvalue_sub:
            apply_commit('7b70e8177801df4e')
                unless $line =~ /X/;

            # It needs to be 'ApR' not 'XpR', to be visible to List::Util
            # (arm64 macOS treats the missing prototypes as errors)
            apply_commit('c73b0699db4d0b8b');
        }
    }
}

sub patch_ext {
    if (-f 'ext/POSIX/Makefile.PL'
        && extract_from_file('ext/POSIX/Makefile.PL',
                             qr/Explicitly avoid including/)) {
        # commit 6695a346c41138df, which effectively reverts 170888cff5e2ffb7

        # PERL5LIB is populated by make_ext.pl with paths to the modules we need
        # to run, don't override this with "../../lib" since that may not have
        # been populated yet in a parallel build.
        apply_commit('6695a346c41138df');
    }

    if (-f 'ext/Hash/Util/Makefile.PL'
        && extract_from_file('ext/Hash/Util/Makefile.PL',
                             qr/\bDIR\b.*'FieldHash'/)) {
        # ext/Hash/Util/Makefile.PL should not recurse to FieldHash's Makefile.PL
        # *nix, VMS and Win32 all know how to (and have to) call the latter directly.
        # As is, targets in ext/Hash/Util/FieldHash get called twice, which may result
        # in race conditions, and certainly messes up make clean; make distclean;
        apply_commit('550428fe486b1888');
    }

    if ($major < 8 && $^O eq 'darwin' && !-f 'ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs') {
        checkout_file('ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs', 'f556e5b971932902');
        apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff -u a/ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs~ a/ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs
--- a/ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs	2011-10-11 21:41:27.000000000 +0100
+++ b/ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs	2011-10-11 21:42:20.000000000 +0100
@@ -41,6 +41,35 @@
 #include "perl.h"
 #include "XSUB.h"
 
+#ifndef pTHX
+#  define pTHX		void
+#  define pTHX_
+#endif
+#ifndef aTHX
+#  define aTHX
+#  define aTHX_
+#endif
+#ifndef dTHX
+#  define dTHXa(a)	extern int Perl___notused(void)
+#  define dTHX		extern int Perl___notused(void)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Perl_form_nocontext
+#  define Perl_form_nocontext form
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Perl_warn_nocontext
+#  define Perl_warn_nocontext warn
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PTR2IV
+#  define PTR2IV(p)	(IV)(p)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef get_av
+#  define get_av perl_get_av
+#endif
+
 #define DL_LOADONCEONLY
 
 #include "dlutils.c"	/* SaveError() etc	*/
@@ -104,7 +145,7 @@
     dl_last_error = savepv(error);
 }
 
-static char *dlopen(char *path, int mode /* mode is ignored */)
+static char *dlopen(char *path)
 {
     int dyld_result;
     NSObjectFileImage ofile;
@@ -161,13 +202,11 @@
 dl_load_file(filename, flags=0)
     char *	filename
     int		flags
-    PREINIT:
-    int mode = 1;
     CODE:
     DLDEBUG(1,PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "dl_load_file(%s,%x):\n", filename,flags));
     if (flags & 0x01)
-	Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s",filename);
-    RETVAL = dlopen(filename, mode) ;
+	Perl_warn_nocontext("Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s",filename);
+    RETVAL = dlopen(filename);
     DLDEBUG(2,PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " libref=%x\n", RETVAL));
     ST(0) = sv_newmortal() ;
     if (RETVAL == NULL)
EOPATCH
        if ($major < 4 && !extract_from_file('util.c', qr/^form/m)) {
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff -u a/ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs~ a/ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs
--- a/ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs	2011-10-11 21:56:25.000000000 +0100
+++ b/ext/DynaLoader/dl_dyld.xs	2011-10-11 22:00:00.000000000 +0100
@@ -60,6 +60,18 @@
 #  define get_av perl_get_av
 #endif
 
+static char *
+form(char *pat, ...)
+{
+    char *retval;
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, pat);
+    vasprintf(&retval, pat, &args);
+    va_end(args);
+    SAVEFREEPV(retval);
+    return retval;
+}
+
 #define DL_LOADONCEONLY
 
 #include "dlutils.c"	/* SaveError() etc	*/
EOPATCH
        }
    }

    if ($major < 10) {
        if ($unfixable_db_file) {
            # Nothing we can do.
        } else {
            if (!extract_from_file('ext/DB_File/DB_File.xs',
                                   qr/^#ifdef AT_LEAST_DB_4_1$/)) {
                # This line is changed by commit 3245f0580c13b3ab
                my $line = extract_from_file('ext/DB_File/DB_File.xs',
                                             qr/^(        status = \(?RETVAL->dbp->open\)?\(RETVAL->dbp, name, NULL, RETVAL->type, $)/);
                apply_patch(<<"EOPATCH");
diff --git a/ext/DB_File/DB_File.xs b/ext/DB_File/DB_File.xs
index 489ba96..fba8ded 100644
--- a/ext/DB_File/DB_File.xs
+++ b/ext/DB_File/DB_File.xs
\@\@ -183,4 +187,8 \@\@
 #endif
 
+#if DB_VERSION_MAJOR > 4 || (DB_VERSION_MAJOR == 4 && DB_VERSION_MINOR >= 1)
+#    define AT_LEAST_DB_4_1
+#endif
+
 /* map version 2 features & constants onto their version 1 equivalent */
 
\@\@ -1334,7 +1419,12 \@\@ SV *   sv ;
 #endif
 
+#ifdef AT_LEAST_DB_4_1
+        status = (RETVAL->dbp->open)(RETVAL->dbp, NULL, name, NULL, RETVAL->type, 
+	    			Flags, mode) ; 
+#else
 $line
 	    			Flags, mode) ; 
+#endif
 	/* printf("open returned %d %s\\n", status, db_strerror(status)) ; */
 
EOPATCH
            }

            if (!extract_from_file('ext/DB_File/DB_File.xs',
                                   qr/\bextern void __getBerkeleyDBInfo\b/)) {
                # A prototype for __getBerkeleyDBInfo();
                apply_commit('b92372bcedd4cbc4');
            }
        }
    }

    if ($major < 10 and -f 'ext/IPC/SysV/SysV.xs') {
        edit_file('ext/IPC/SysV/SysV.xs', sub {
                      my $xs = shift;
                      my $fixed = <<'EOFIX';

#include <sys/types.h>
#if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
#ifndef HAS_SEM
#   include <sys/ipc.h>
#endif
#   ifdef HAS_MSG
#       include <sys/msg.h>
#   endif
#   ifdef HAS_SHM
#       if defined(PERL_SCO) || defined(PERL_ISC)
#           include <sys/sysmacros.h>	/* SHMLBA */
#       endif
#      include <sys/shm.h>
#      ifndef HAS_SHMAT_PROTOTYPE
           extern Shmat_t shmat (int, char *, int);
#      endif
#      if defined(HAS_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_PAGESIZE)
#          undef  SHMLBA /* not static: determined at boot time */
#          define SHMLBA sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)
#      elif defined(HAS_GETPAGESIZE)
#          undef  SHMLBA /* not static: determined at boot time */
#          define SHMLBA getpagesize()
#      endif
#   endif
#endif
EOFIX
                      $xs =~ s!
#include <sys/types\.h>
.*
(#ifdef newCONSTSUB|/\* Required)!$fixed$1!ms;
                      return $xs;
                  });
    }

    if ($major < 10 and -f 'ext/Digest/MD5/MD5.xs') {
        require Digest::MD5;
        my ($was, $now);
        # The edit to the XS is commit 9ee8e69ab2318ba3, but the testcase fixup
        # needs to work for several earlier commits.
        edit_file('ext/Digest/MD5/MD5.xs', sub {
                      my $xs = shift;
                      $was = Digest::MD5::md5_hex($xs);
                      $xs =~ s{\Q#if PATCHLEVEL <= 4 && !defined(PL_dowarn)}
                              {#if PERL_VERSION <= 4 && !defined(PL_dowarn)};
                      $now = Digest::MD5::md5_hex($xs);
                      return $xs;
                  });

        edit_file('ext/Digest/MD5/t/files.t', sub {
                      my $testcase = shift;
                      $testcase =~ s/$was/$now/g;
                      return $testcase;
                  })
            if $was ne $now;
    }

    if ($major >= 10 && $major < 20
            && !extract_from_file('ext/SDBM_File/Makefile.PL', qr/MY::subdir_x/)) {
        # Parallel make fix for SDBM_File
        # Technically this is needed for pre v5.10.0, but we don't attempt
        # parallel makes on earlier versions because it's unreliable due to
        # other bugs.
        # So far, only AIX make has come acropper on this bug.
        apply_commit('4d106cc5d8fd328d', 'ext/SDBM_File/Makefile.PL');
    }

    if (-f 'ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL') {
        if ($major < 22 && !extract_from_file('ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL',
                                              qr/RT#123784/)) {
            my $gcc_major = extract_from_file('config.sh',
                                              qr/^gccversion='([0-9]+)\./,
                                              0);
            if ($gcc_major >= 5) {
                # This is the fix of commit 816b056ffb99ae54, but implemented in
                # a way that should work back to the earliest versions of Errno:
                edit_file('ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL', sub {
                              my $code = shift;
                              $code =~ s/( \$Config\{cppflags\})/$1 -P/g;
                              return $code;
                          });
            }
        }
        if ($major < 8 && !extract_from_file('ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL',
                                             qr/With the -dM option, gcc/)) {
            # This is the fix of commit 9ae2e8df64ee1443 re-ordered slightly so
            # that it should work back to the earliest versions of Errno:
            apply_patch(<<'EOPATCH');
diff --git a/ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL b/ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL
index b669790314..c00d6c1a86 100644
--- a/ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL
+++ b/ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ sub process_file {
             warn "Cannot open '$file'";
             return;
 	}     
+    } elsif ($Config{gccversion} ne '') {
+	# With the -dM option, gcc outputs every #define it finds
+	unless(open(FH,"$Config{cc} -E -dM $file |")) {
+            warn "Cannot open '$file'";
+            return;
+	}
     } else {
 	unless(open(FH,"< $file")) {
             warn "Cannot open '$file'";
@@ -45,8 +51,12 @@ sub process_file {
 
 sub get_files {
     my %file = ();
-    # VMS keeps its include files in system libraries (well, except for Gcc)
-    if ($^O eq 'VMS') {
+    if ($^O eq 'linux') {
+	# Some Linuxes have weird errno.hs which generate
+	# no #file or #line directives
+	$file{'/usr/include/errno.h'} = 1;
+    } elsif ($^O eq 'VMS') {
+	# VMS keeps its include files in system libraries (well, except for Gcc)
 	if ($Config{vms_cc_type} eq 'decc') {
 	    $file{'Sys$Library:DECC$RTLDEF.TLB'} = 1;
 	} elsif ($Config{vms_cc_type} eq 'vaxc') {
EOPATCH
        }
    }
}

sub patch_t {
    if ($^O eq 'darwin') {
        # This has # $x = `$^X -le "print 'hi there'"`;
        # and it needs to pass for the automated validation self-test:
        edit_file('t/base/term.t', sub {
                      my $code = shift;
                      $code =~ s/`(\$\^X )/`$aggressive_apple_security$1/;
                      return $code;
                  });
    }
}

sub apply_fixups {
    my $fixups = shift;
    return unless $fixups;
    foreach my $file (@$fixups) {
        my $fh = open_or_die($file);
        my $line = <$fh>;
        close_or_die($fh);
        if ($line =~ /^#!perl\b/) {
            system $^X, $file
                and die_255("$^X $file failed: \$!=$!, \$?=$?");
        } elsif ($line =~ /^#!(\/\S+)/) {
            system $file
                and die_255("$file failed: \$!=$!, \$?=$?");
        } else {
            if (my ($target, $action, $pattern)
                = $line =~ m#^(\S+) ([=!])~ /(.*)/#) {
                if (length $pattern) {
                    next unless -f $target;
                    if ($action eq '=') {
                        next unless extract_from_file($target, $pattern);
                    } else {
                        next if extract_from_file($target, $pattern);
                    }
                } else {
                    # Avoid the special case meaning of the empty pattern,
                    # and instead use this to simply test for the file being
                    # present or absent
                    if ($action eq '=') {
                        next unless -f $target;
                    } else {
                        next if -f $target;
                    }
                }
            }
            system_or_die("patch -p1 <$file");
        }
    }
}

# ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: