[perl5.git] / lib / CGI / Carp.pm

package CGI::Carp;

=head1 NAME

B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use CGI::Carp;

    croak "We're outta here!";
    confess "It was my fault: $!";
    carp "It was your fault!";   
    warn "I'm confused";
    die  "I'm dying.\n";

    use CGI::Carp qw(cluck);
    cluck "I wouldn't do that if I were you";

    use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
    die "Fatal error messages are now sent to browser";

=head1 DESCRIPTION

CGI scripts have a nasty habit of leaving warning messages in the error
logs that are neither time stamped nor fully identified.  Tracking down
the script that caused the error is a pain.  This fixes that.  Replace
the usual

    use Carp;

with

    use CGI::Carp

And the standard warn(), die (), croak(), confess() and carp() calls
will automagically be replaced with functions that write out nicely
time-stamped messages to the HTTP server error log.

For example:

   [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm confused at test.pl line 3.
   [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: Got an error message: Permission denied.
   [Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm dying.

=head1 REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

By default, error messages are sent to STDERR.  Most HTTPD servers
direct STDERR to the server's error log.  Some applications may wish
to keep private error logs, distinct from the server's error log, or
they may wish to direct error messages to STDOUT so that the browser
will receive them.

The C<carpout()> function is provided for this purpose.  Since
carpout() is not exported by default, you must import it explicitly by
saying

   use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);

The carpout() function requires one argument, which should be a
reference to an open filehandle for writing errors.  It should be
called in a C<BEGIN> block at the top of the CGI application so that
compiler errors will be caught.  Example:

   BEGIN {
     use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);
     open(LOG, ">>/usr/local/cgi-logs/mycgi-log") or
       die("Unable to open mycgi-log: $!\n");
     carpout(LOG);
   }

carpout() does not handle file locking on the log for you at this point.

The real STDERR is not closed -- it is moved to SAVEERR.  Some
servers, when dealing with CGI scripts, close their connection to the
browser when the script closes STDOUT and STDERR.  SAVEERR is used to
prevent this from happening prematurely.

You can pass filehandles to carpout() in a variety of ways.  The "correct"
way according to Tom Christiansen is to pass a reference to a filehandle 
GLOB:

    carpout(\*LOG);

This looks weird to mere mortals however, so the following syntaxes are
accepted as well:

    carpout(LOG);
    carpout(main::LOG);
    carpout(main'LOG);
    carpout(\LOG);
    carpout(\'main::LOG');

    ... and so on

FileHandle and other objects work as well.

Use of carpout() is not great for performance, so it is recommended
for debugging purposes or for moderate-use applications.  A future
version of this module may delay redirecting STDERR until one of the
CGI::Carp methods is called to prevent the performance hit.

=head1 MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

If you want to send fatal (die, confess) errors to the browser, ask to 
import the special "fatalsToBrowser" subroutine:

    use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
    die "Bad error here";

Fatal errors will now be echoed to the browser as well as to the log.  CGI::Carp
arranges to send a minimal HTTP header to the browser so that even errors that
occur in the early compile phase will be seen.
Nonfatal errors will still be directed to the log file only (unless redirected
with carpout).

=head2 Changing the default message

By default, the software error message is followed by a note to
contact the Webmaster by e-mail with the time and date of the error.
If this message is not to your liking, you can change it using the
set_message() routine.  This is not imported by default; you should
import it on the use() line:

    use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
    set_message("It's not a bug, it's a feature!");

You may also pass in a code reference in order to create a custom
error message.  At run time, your code will be called with the text
of the error message that caused the script to die.  Example:

    use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
    BEGIN {
       sub handle_errors {
          my $msg = shift;
          print "<h1>Oh gosh</h1>";
          print "Got an error: $msg";
      }
      set_message(\&handle_errors);
    }

In order to correctly intercept compile-time errors, you should call
set_message() from within a BEGIN{} block.

=head1 CHANGE LOG

1.05 carpout() added and minor corrections by Marc Hedlund
     <hedlund@best.com> on 11/26/95.

1.06 fatalsToBrowser() no longer aborts for fatal errors within
     eval() statements.

1.08 set_message() added and carpout() expanded to allow for FileHandle
     objects.

1.09 set_message() now allows users to pass a code REFERENCE for 
     really custom error messages.  croak and carp are now
     exported by default.  Thanks to Gunther Birznieks for the
     patches.

1.10 Patch from Chris Dean (ctdean@cogit.com) to allow 
     module to run correctly under mod_perl.

1.11 Changed order of &gt; and &lt; escapes.

1.12 Changed die() on line 217 to CORE::die to avoid B<-w> warning.

1.13 Added cluck() to make the module orthogonal with Carp.
    More mod_perl related fixes.

=head1 AUTHORS

Copyright 1995-1998, Lincoln D. Stein.  All rights reserved.  

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself.

Address bug reports and comments to: lstein@cshl.org

=head1 SEE ALSO

Carp, CGI::Base, CGI::BasePlus, CGI::Request, CGI::MiniSvr, CGI::Form,
CGI::Response

=cut

require 5.000;
use Exporter;
use Carp;

@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(confess croak carp);
@EXPORT_OK = qw(carpout fatalsToBrowser wrap set_message cluck);

$main::SIG{__WARN__}=\&CGI::Carp::warn;
$main::SIG{__DIE__}=\&CGI::Carp::die;
$CGI::Carp::VERSION = '1.13';
$CGI::Carp::CUSTOM_MSG = undef;

# fancy import routine detects and handles 'errorWrap' specially.
sub import {
    my $pkg = shift;
    my(%routines);
    grep($routines{$_}++,@_,@EXPORT);
    $WRAP++ if $routines{'fatalsToBrowser'} || $routines{'wrap'};
    my($oldlevel) = $Exporter::ExportLevel;
    $Exporter::ExportLevel = 1;
    Exporter::import($pkg,keys %routines);
    $Exporter::ExportLevel = $oldlevel;
}

# These are the originals
sub realwarn { CORE::warn(@_); }
sub realdie { CORE::die(@_); }

sub id {
    my $level = shift;
    my($pack,$file,$line,$sub) = caller($level);
    my($id) = $file=~m|([^/]+)$|;
    return ($file,$line,$id);
}

sub stamp {
    my $time = scalar(localtime);
    my $frame = 0;
    my ($id,$pack,$file);
    do {
	$id = $file;
	($pack,$file) = caller($frame++);
    } until !$file;
    ($id) = $id=~m|([^/]+)$|;
    return "[$time] $id: ";
}

sub warn {
    my $message = shift;
    my($file,$line,$id) = id(1);
    $message .= " at $file line $line.\n" unless $message=~/\n$/;
    my $stamp = stamp;
    $message=~s/^/$stamp/gm;
    realwarn $message;
}

# The mod_perl package Apache::Registry loads CGI programs by calling
# eval.  These evals don't count when looking at the stack backtrace.
sub _longmess {
    my $message = Carp::longmess();
    my $mod_perl = exists $ENV{MOD_PERL};
    $message =~ s,eval[^\n]+Apache/Registry\.pm.*,,s if $mod_perl;
    return( $message );    
}

sub die {
    my $message = shift;
    my $time = scalar(localtime);
    my($file,$line,$id) = id(1);
    $message .= " at $file line $line." unless $message=~/\n$/;
    &fatalsToBrowser($message) if $WRAP && _longmess() !~ /eval [{\']/m;
    my $stamp = stamp;
    $message=~s/^/$stamp/gm;
    realdie $message;
}

sub set_message {
    $CGI::Carp::CUSTOM_MSG = shift;
    return $CGI::Carp::CUSTOM_MSG;
}

# Avoid generating "subroutine redefined" warnings with the following
# hack:
{
    local $^W=0;
    eval <<EOF;
sub confess { CGI::Carp::die Carp::longmess \@_; }
sub croak   { CGI::Carp::die Carp::shortmess \@_; }
sub carp    { CGI::Carp::warn Carp::shortmess \@_; }
sub cluck   { CGI::Carp::warn Carp::longmess \@_; }
EOF
    ;
}

# We have to be ready to accept a filehandle as a reference
# or a string.
sub carpout {
    my($in) = @_;
    my($no) = fileno(to_filehandle($in));
    realdie("Invalid filehandle $in\n") unless defined $no;
    
    open(SAVEERR, ">&STDERR");
    open(STDERR, ">&$no") or 
	( print SAVEERR "Unable to redirect STDERR: $!\n" and exit(1) );
}

# headers
sub fatalsToBrowser {
    my($msg) = @_;
    $msg=~s/&/&amp;/g;
    $msg=~s/>/&gt;/g;
    $msg=~s/</&lt;/g;
    $msg=~s/\"/&quot;/g;
    my($wm) = $ENV{SERVER_ADMIN} ? 
	qq[the webmaster (<a href="mailto:$ENV{SERVER_ADMIN}">$ENV{SERVER_ADMIN}</a>)] :
	"this site's webmaster";
    my ($outer_message) = <<END;
For help, please send mail to $wm, giving this error message 
and the time and date of the error.
END
    ;
    my $mod_perl = exists $ENV{MOD_PERL};
    print STDOUT "Content-type: text/html\n\n" 
	unless $mod_perl;

    if ($CUSTOM_MSG) {
	if (ref($CUSTOM_MSG) eq 'CODE') {
	    &$CUSTOM_MSG($msg); # nicer to perl 5.003 users
	    return;
	} else {
	    $outer_message = $CUSTOM_MSG;
	}
    }
    
    my $mess = <<END;
<H1>Software error:</H1>
<CODE>$msg</CODE>
<P>
$outer_message
END
    ;

    if ($mod_perl) {
	my $r = Apache->request;
	# If bytes have already been sent, then
	# we print the message out directly.
	# Otherwise we make a custom error
	# handler to produce the doc for us.
	if ($r->bytes_sent) {
	    $r->print($mess);
	    $r->exit;
	} else {
	    $r->status(500);
	    $r->custom_response(500,$mess);
	}
    } else {
	print STDOUT $mess;
    }
}

# Cut and paste from CGI.pm so that we don't have the overhead of
# always loading the entire CGI module.
sub to_filehandle {
    my $thingy = shift;
    return undef unless $thingy;
    return $thingy if UNIVERSAL::isa($thingy,'GLOB');
    return $thingy if UNIVERSAL::isa($thingy,'FileHandle');
    if (!ref($thingy)) {
	my $caller = 1;
	while (my $package = caller($caller++)) {
	    my($tmp) = $thingy=~/[\':]/ ? $thingy : "$package\:\:$thingy"; 
	    return $tmp if defined(fileno($tmp));
	}
    }
    return undef;
}

1;
Commit	Line	Data
54310121	1	package CGI::Carp;
	2
	3	=head1 NAME
	4
	5	B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
	6
	7	=head1 SYNOPSIS
	8
	9	use CGI::Carp;
	10
	11	croak "We're outta here!";
	12	confess "It was my fault: $!";
	13	carp "It was your fault!";
	14	warn "I'm confused";
	15	die "I'm dying.\n";
	16
71f3e297 JH	17	use CGI::Carp qw(cluck);
	18	cluck "I wouldn't do that if I were you";
	19
	20	use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
	21	die "Fatal error messages are now sent to browser";
	22
54310121	23	=head1 DESCRIPTION
	24
	25	CGI scripts have a nasty habit of leaving warning messages in the error
	26	logs that are neither time stamped nor fully identified. Tracking down
	27	the script that caused the error is a pain. This fixes that. Replace
	28	the usual
	29
	30	use Carp;
	31
	32	with
	33
	34	use CGI::Carp
	35
	36	And the standard warn(), die (), croak(), confess() and carp() calls
	37	will automagically be replaced with functions that write out nicely
	38	time-stamped messages to the HTTP server error log.
	39
	40	For example:
	41
	42	[Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm confused at test.pl line 3.
	43	[Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: Got an error message: Permission denied.
	44	[Fri Nov 17 21:40:43 1995] test.pl: I'm dying.
	45
	46	=head1 REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
	47
	48	By default, error messages are sent to STDERR. Most HTTPD servers
	49	direct STDERR to the server's error log. Some applications may wish
	50	to keep private error logs, distinct from the server's error log, or
	51	they may wish to direct error messages to STDOUT so that the browser
	52	will receive them.
	53
	54	The C<carpout()> function is provided for this purpose. Since
	55	carpout() is not exported by default, you must import it explicitly by
	56	saying
	57
	58	use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);
	59
	60	The carpout() function requires one argument, which should be a
	61	reference to an open filehandle for writing errors. It should be
	62	called in a C<BEGIN> block at the top of the CGI application so that
	63	compiler errors will be caught. Example:
	64
	65	BEGIN {
	66	use CGI::Carp qw(carpout);
	67	open(LOG, ">>/usr/local/cgi-logs/mycgi-log") or
	68	die("Unable to open mycgi-log: $!\n");
	69	carpout(LOG);
	70	}
	71
	72	carpout() does not handle file locking on the log for you at this point.
	73
	74	The real STDERR is not closed -- it is moved to SAVEERR. Some
	75	servers, when dealing with CGI scripts, close their connection to the
	76	browser when the script closes STDOUT and STDERR. SAVEERR is used to
	77	prevent this from happening prematurely.
	78
	79	You can pass filehandles to carpout() in a variety of ways. The "correct"
	80	way according to Tom Christiansen is to pass a reference to a filehandle
	81	GLOB:
	82
	83	carpout(\*LOG);
	84
	85	This looks weird to mere mortals however, so the following syntaxes are
	86	accepted as well:
87
88	carpout(LOG);
89	carpout(main::LOG);
90	carpout(main'LOG);
91	carpout(\LOG);
92	carpout(\'main::LOG');
93
94	... and so on
95
424ec8fa GS	96	FileHandle and other objects work as well.
424ec8fa GS	97
54310121	98	Use of carpout() is not great for performance, so it is recommended
	99	for debugging purposes or for moderate-use applications. A future
	100	version of this module may delay redirecting STDERR until one of the
	101	CGI::Carp methods is called to prevent the performance hit.
	102
	103	=head1 MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
	104
	105	If you want to send fatal (die, confess) errors to the browser, ask to
	106	import the special "fatalsToBrowser" subroutine:
	107
	108	use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser);
	109	die "Bad error here";
	110
	111	Fatal errors will now be echoed to the browser as well as to the log. CGI::Carp
	112	arranges to send a minimal HTTP header to the browser so that even errors that
	113	occur in the early compile phase will be seen.
	114	Nonfatal errors will still be directed to the log file only (unless redirected
	115	with carpout).
	116
424ec8fa GS	117	=head2 Changing the default message
	118
	119	By default, the software error message is followed by a note to
	120	contact the Webmaster by e-mail with the time and date of the error.
	121	If this message is not to your liking, you can change it using the
	122	set_message() routine. This is not imported by default; you should
	123	import it on the use() line:
	124
	125	use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
	126	set_message("It's not a bug, it's a feature!");
	127
	128	You may also pass in a code reference in order to create a custom
	129	error message. At run time, your code will be called with the text
	130	of the error message that caused the script to die. Example:
	131
	132	use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser set_message);
	133	BEGIN {
	134	sub handle_errors {
	135	my $msg = shift;
	136	print "<h1>Oh gosh</h1>";
	137	print "Got an error: $msg";
	138	}
	139	set_message(\&handle_errors);
	140	}
	141
	142	In order to correctly intercept compile-time errors, you should call
	143	set_message() from within a BEGIN{} block.
	144
54310121	145	=head1 CHANGE LOG
	146
	147	1.05 carpout() added and minor corrections by Marc Hedlund
	148	<hedlund@best.com> on 11/26/95.
	149
	150	1.06 fatalsToBrowser() no longer aborts for fatal errors within
	151	eval() statements.
	152
424ec8fa GS	153	1.08 set_message() added and carpout() expanded to allow for FileHandle
	154	objects.
	155
	156	1.09 set_message() now allows users to pass a code REFERENCE for
	157	really custom error messages. croak and carp are now
	158	exported by default. Thanks to Gunther Birznieks for the
	159	patches.
	160
	161	1.10 Patch from Chris Dean (ctdean@cogit.com) to allow
	162	module to run correctly under mod_perl.
	163
71f3e297 JH	164	1.11 Changed order of > and < escapes.
	165
	166	1.12 Changed die() on line 217 to CORE::die to avoid B<-w> warning.
	167
	168	1.13 Added cluck() to make the module orthogonal with Carp.
	169	More mod_perl related fixes.
	170
54310121	171	=head1 AUTHORS
54310121	172
71f3e297 JH	173	Copyright 1995-1998, Lincoln D. Stein. All rights reserved.
	174
	175	This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	176	it under the same terms as Perl itself.
54310121	177
71f3e297	178	Address bug reports and comments to: lstein@cshl.org
54310121	179
	180	=head1 SEE ALSO
	181
	182	Carp, CGI::Base, CGI::BasePlus, CGI::Request, CGI::MiniSvr, CGI::Form,
	183	CGI::Response
	184
	185	=cut
	186
	187	require 5.000;
	188	use Exporter;
	189	use Carp;
	190
	191	@ISA = qw(Exporter);
	192	@EXPORT = qw(confess croak carp);
71f3e297	193	@EXPORT_OK = qw(carpout fatalsToBrowser wrap set_message cluck);
54310121	194
	195	$main::SIG{__WARN__}=\&CGI::Carp::warn;
	196	$main::SIG{__DIE__}=\&CGI::Carp::die;
71f3e297	197	$CGI::Carp::VERSION = '1.13';
424ec8fa	198	$CGI::Carp::CUSTOM_MSG = undef;
54310121	199
	200	# fancy import routine detects and handles 'errorWrap' specially.
	201	sub import {
	202	my $pkg = shift;
	203	my(%routines);
424ec8fa GS	204	grep($routines{$_}++,@_,@EXPORT);
424ec8fa GS	205	$WRAP++ if $routines{'fatalsToBrowser'} \|\| $routines{'wrap'};
54310121	206	my($oldlevel) = $Exporter::ExportLevel;
	207	$Exporter::ExportLevel = 1;
	208	Exporter::import($pkg,keys %routines);
	209	$Exporter::ExportLevel = $oldlevel;
	210	}
	211
	212	# These are the originals
9014bb8e GS	213	sub realwarn { CORE::warn(@_); }
9014bb8e GS	214	sub realdie { CORE::die(@_); }
54310121	215
	216	sub id {
	217	my $level = shift;
	218	my($pack,$file,$line,$sub) = caller($level);
	219	my($id) = $file=~m\|([^/]+)$\|;
	220	return ($file,$line,$id);
	221	}
	222
	223	sub stamp {
	224	my $time = scalar(localtime);
	225	my $frame = 0;
	226	my ($id,$pack,$file);
	227	do {
	228	$id = $file;
	229	($pack,$file) = caller($frame++);
	230	} until !$file;
	231	($id) = $id=~m\|([^/]+)$\|;
	232	return "[$time] $id: ";
	233	}
	234
	235	sub warn {
	236	my $message = shift;
	237	my($file,$line,$id) = id(1);
	238	$message .= " at $file line $line.\n" unless $message=~/\n$/;
	239	my $stamp = stamp;
	240	$message=~s/^/$stamp/gm;
	241	realwarn $message;
	242	}
	243
424ec8fa GS	244	# The mod_perl package Apache::Registry loads CGI programs by calling
	245	# eval. These evals don't count when looking at the stack backtrace.
	246	sub _longmess {
	247	my $message = Carp::longmess();
71f3e297	248	my $mod_perl = exists $ENV{MOD_PERL};
424ec8fa GS	249	$message =~ s,eval[^\n]+Apache/Registry\.pm.*,,s if $mod_perl;
	250	return( $message );
	251	}
	252
54310121	253	sub die {
	254	my $message = shift;
	255	my $time = scalar(localtime);
	256	my($file,$line,$id) = id(1);
71f3e297	257	$message .= " at $file line $line." unless $message=~/\n$/;
424ec8fa	258	&fatalsToBrowser($message) if $WRAP && _longmess() !~ /eval [{\']/m;
54310121	259	my $stamp = stamp;
	260	$message=~s/^/$stamp/gm;
	261	realdie $message;
	262	}
	263
424ec8fa GS	264	sub set_message {
	265	$CGI::Carp::CUSTOM_MSG = shift;
	266	return $CGI::Carp::CUSTOM_MSG;
	267	}
	268
54310121	269	# Avoid generating "subroutine redefined" warnings with the following
	270	# hack:
	271	{
	272	local $^W=0;
	273	eval <<EOF;
	274	sub confess { CGI::Carp::die Carp::longmess \@_; }
71f3e297 JH	275	sub croak { CGI::Carp::die Carp::shortmess \@_; }
	276	sub carp { CGI::Carp::warn Carp::shortmess \@_; }
	277	sub cluck { CGI::Carp::warn Carp::longmess \@_; }
54310121	278	EOF
	279	;
	280	}
	281
	282	# We have to be ready to accept a filehandle as a reference
	283	# or a string.
	284	sub carpout {
	285	my($in) = @_;
424ec8fa	286	my($no) = fileno(to_filehandle($in));
71f3e297	287	realdie("Invalid filehandle $in\n") unless defined $no;
54310121	288
	289	open(SAVEERR, ">&STDERR");
	290	open(STDERR, ">&$no") or
	291	( print SAVEERR "Unable to redirect STDERR: $!\n" and exit(1) );
	292	}
	293
	294	# headers
	295	sub fatalsToBrowser {
	296	my($msg) = @_;
71f3e297	297	$msg=~s/&/&/g;
54310121	298	$msg=~s/>/>/g;
54310121	299	$msg=~s/</</g;
424ec8fa GS	300	$msg=~s/\"/"/g;
	301	my($wm) = $ENV{SERVER_ADMIN} ?
	302	qq[the webmaster (<a href="mailto:$ENV{SERVER_ADMIN}">$ENV{SERVER_ADMIN}</a>)] :
	303	"this site's webmaster";
	304	my ($outer_message) = <<END;
	305	For help, please send mail to $wm, giving this error message
	306	and the time and date of the error.
	307	END
	308	;
71f3e297 JH	309	my $mod_perl = exists $ENV{MOD_PERL};
	310	print STDOUT "Content-type: text/html\n\n"
	311	unless $mod_perl;
424ec8fa GS	312
	313	if ($CUSTOM_MSG) {
	314	if (ref($CUSTOM_MSG) eq 'CODE') {
	315	&$CUSTOM_MSG($msg); # nicer to perl 5.003 users
	316	return;
	317	} else {
	318	$outer_message = $CUSTOM_MSG;
	319	}
	320	}
	321
71f3e297	322	my $mess = <<END;
54310121	323	<H1>Software error:</H1>
	324	<CODE>$msg</CODE>
	325	<P>
71f3e297	326	$outer_message
54310121	327	END
424ec8fa	328	;
71f3e297 JH	329
	330	if ($mod_perl) {
	331	my $r = Apache->request;
	332	# If bytes have already been sent, then
	333	# we print the message out directly.
	334	# Otherwise we make a custom error
	335	# handler to produce the doc for us.
	336	if ($r->bytes_sent) {
	337	$r->print($mess);
	338	$r->exit;
	339	} else {
	340	$r->status(500);
	341	$r->custom_response(500,$mess);
	342	}
	343	} else {
	344	print STDOUT $mess;
	345	}
424ec8fa GS	346	}
	347
	348	# Cut and paste from CGI.pm so that we don't have the overhead of
	349	# always loading the entire CGI module.
	350	sub to_filehandle {
	351	my $thingy = shift;
	352	return undef unless $thingy;
	353	return $thingy if UNIVERSAL::isa($thingy,'GLOB');
	354	return $thingy if UNIVERSAL::isa($thingy,'FileHandle');
	355	if (!ref($thingy)) {
	356	my $caller = 1;
	357	while (my $package = caller($caller++)) {
	358	my($tmp) = $thingy=~/[\':]/ ? $thingy : "$package\:\:$thingy";
	359	return $tmp if defined(fileno($tmp));
	360	}
	361	}
	362	return undef;
54310121	363	}
	364
	365	1;