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68dc0745 | 1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | ||
65acb1b1 | 3 | perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 1998/12/29 19:43:32 $) |
68dc0745 | 4 | |
5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
6 | ||
7 | This section of the FAQ answers questions about where to find | |
92c2ed05 | 8 | source and documentation for Perl, support, and |
68dc0745 | 9 | related matters. |
10 | ||
11 | =head2 What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? | |
12 | ||
13 | The standard release of Perl (the one maintained by the perl | |
5e3006a4 | 14 | development team) is distributed only in source code form. You |
65acb1b1 | 15 | can find this at http://www.perl.com/CPAN/src/latest.tar.gz , which |
5e3006a4 GS |
16 | in standard Internet format (a gzipped archive in POSIX tar format). |
17 | ||
18 | Perl builds and runs on a bewildering number of platforms. Virtually | |
19 | all known and current Unix derivatives are supported (Perl's native | |
20 | platform), as are proprietary systems like VMS, DOS, OS/2, Windows, | |
21 | QNX, BeOS, and the Amiga. There are also the beginnings of support | |
22 | for MPE/iX. | |
23 | ||
24 | Binary distributions for some proprietary platforms, including | |
65acb1b1 | 25 | Apple systems, can be found http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ports/ directory. |
5e3006a4 GS |
26 | Because these are not part of the standard distribution, they may |
27 | and in fact do differ from the base Perl port in a variety of ways. | |
28 | You'll have to check their respective release notes to see just | |
29 | what the differences are. These differences can be either positive | |
30 | (e.g. extensions for the features of the particular platform that | |
31 | are not supported in the source release of perl) or negative (e.g. | |
32 | might be based upon a less current source release of perl). | |
92c2ed05 | 33 | |
68dc0745 | 34 | =head2 How can I get a binary version of Perl? |
35 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
36 | If you don't have a C compiler because your vendor for whatever |
37 | reasons did not include one with your system, the best thing to do is | |
68dc0745 | 38 | grab a binary version of gcc from the net and use that to compile perl |
39 | with. CPAN only has binaries for systems that are terribly hard to | |
40 | get free compilers for, not for Unix systems. | |
41 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
42 | Some URLs that might help you are: |
43 | ||
44 | http://language.perl.com/info/software.html | |
45 | http://www.perl.com/latest/ | |
46 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ports/ | |
47 | ||
48 | If you want information on proprietary systems. A simple installation | |
49 | guide for MS-DOS is available at http://www.cs.ruu.nl/~piet/perl5dos.html | |
50 | and similarly for Windows 3.1 at http://www.cs.ruu.nl/~piet/perlwin3.html . | |
3fe9a6f1 | 51 | |
52 | =head2 I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? | |
53 | ||
54 | Since you don't have a C compiler, you're doomed and your vendor | |
55 | should be sacrificed to the Sun gods. But that doesn't help you. | |
56 | ||
57 | What you need to do is get a binary version of gcc for your system | |
58 | first. Consult the Usenet FAQs for your operating system for | |
59 | information on where to get such a binary version. | |
60 | ||
68dc0745 | 61 | =head2 I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. |
62 | ||
63 | That's probably because you forgot libraries, or library paths differ. | |
64 | You really should build the whole distribution on the machine it will | |
65 | eventually live on, and then type C<make install>. Most other | |
66 | approaches are doomed to failure. | |
67 | ||
68 | One simple way to check that things are in the right place is to print out | |
46fc3d4c | 69 | the hard-coded @INC which perl is looking for. |
68dc0745 | 70 | |
65acb1b1 | 71 | % perl -e 'print join("\n",@INC)' |
68dc0745 | 72 | |
73 | If this command lists any paths which don't exist on your system, then you | |
74 | may need to move the appropriate libraries to these locations, or create | |
65acb1b1 TC |
75 | symlinks, aliases, or shortcuts appropriately. @INC is also printed as |
76 | part of the output of | |
77 | ||
78 | % perl -V | |
68dc0745 | 79 | |
3fe9a6f1 | 80 | You might also want to check out L<perlfaq8/"How do I keep my own |
81 | module/library directory?">. | |
82 | ||
68dc0745 | 83 | =head2 I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? |
84 | ||
85 | Read the F<INSTALL> file, which is part of the source distribution. | |
65acb1b1 | 86 | It describes in detail how to cope with most idiosyncrasies that the |
68dc0745 | 87 | Configure script can't work around for any given system or |
88 | architecture. | |
89 | ||
90 | =head2 What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? | |
91 | ||
92 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, a huge archive | |
93 | replicated on dozens of machines all over the world. CPAN contains | |
46fc3d4c | 94 | source code, non-native ports, documentation, scripts, and many |
68dc0745 | 95 | third-party modules and extensions, designed for everything from |
96 | commercial database interfaces to keyboard/screen control to web | |
97 | walking and CGI scripts. The master machine for CPAN is | |
98 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/, but you can use the | |
99 | address http://www.perl.com/CPAN/CPAN.html to fetch a copy from a | |
100 | "site near you". See http://www.perl.com/CPAN (without a slash at the | |
101 | end) for how this process works. | |
102 | ||
103 | CPAN/path/... is a naming convention for files available on CPAN | |
104 | sites. CPAN indicates the base directory of a CPAN mirror, and the | |
105 | rest of the path is the path from that directory to the file. For | |
106 | instance, if you're using ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
107 | as your CPAN site, the file CPAN/misc/japh file is downloadable as | |
108 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/misc/japh . | |
109 | ||
110 | Considering that there are hundreds of existing modules in the | |
111 | archive, one probably exists to do nearly anything you can think of. | |
112 | Current categories under CPAN/modules/by-category/ include perl core | |
113 | modules; development support; operating system interfaces; networking, | |
114 | devices, and interprocess communication; data type utilities; database | |
115 | interfaces; user interfaces; interfaces to other languages; filenames, | |
116 | file systems, and file locking; internationalization and locale; world | |
117 | wide web support; server and daemon utilities; archiving and | |
118 | compression; image manipulation; mail and news; control flow | |
119 | utilities; filehandle and I/O; Microsoft Windows modules; and | |
120 | miscellaneous modules. | |
121 | ||
122 | =head2 Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? | |
123 | ||
124 | Certainly not. Larry expects that he'll be certified before Perl is. | |
125 | ||
126 | =head2 Where can I get information on Perl? | |
127 | ||
5a964f20 TC |
128 | The complete Perl documentation is available with the perl distribution. |
129 | If you have perl installed locally, you probably have the documentation | |
130 | installed as well: type C<man perl> if you're on a system resembling Unix. | |
131 | This will lead you to other important man pages, including how to set your | |
132 | $MANPATH. If you're not on a Unix system, access to the documentation | |
133 | will be different; for example, it might be only in HTML format. But all | |
134 | proper perl installations have fully-accessible documentation. | |
68dc0745 | 135 | |
136 | You might also try C<perldoc perl> in case your system doesn't | |
137 | have a proper man command, or it's been misinstalled. If that doesn't | |
138 | work, try looking in /usr/local/lib/perl5/pod for documentation. | |
139 | ||
140 | If all else fails, consult the CPAN/doc directory, which contains the | |
141 | complete documentation in various formats, including native pod, | |
142 | troff, html, and plain text. There's also a web page at | |
143 | http://www.perl.com/perl/info/documentation.html that might help. | |
144 | ||
68dc0745 | 145 | Many good books have been written about Perl -- see the section below |
146 | for more details. | |
147 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
148 | Tutorial documents are included in current or upcoming Perl releases |
149 | include L<perltoot> for objects, L<perlopentut> for file opening | |
150 | semantics, L<perlreftut> for managing references, and L<perlxstut> | |
151 | for linking C and Perl together. There may be more by the | |
152 | time you read this. The following URLs might also be of | |
153 | assistance: | |
154 | ||
155 | http://language.perl.com/info/documentation.html | |
156 | http://reference.perl.com/query.cgi?tutorials | |
157 | ||
68dc0745 | 158 | =head2 What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions? |
159 | ||
160 | The now defunct comp.lang.perl newsgroup has been superseded by the | |
161 | following groups: | |
162 | ||
163 | comp.lang.perl.announce Moderated announcement group | |
164 | comp.lang.perl.misc Very busy group about Perl in general | |
5a964f20 | 165 | comp.lang.perl.moderated Moderated discussion group |
68dc0745 | 166 | comp.lang.perl.modules Use and development of Perl modules |
167 | comp.lang.perl.tk Using Tk (and X) from Perl | |
168 | ||
169 | comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Writing CGI scripts for the Web. | |
170 | ||
171 | There is also USENET gateway to the mailing list used by the crack | |
172 | Perl development team (perl5-porters) at | |
5a964f20 | 173 | news://news.perl.com/perl.porters-gw/ . |
68dc0745 | 174 | |
175 | =head2 Where should I post source code? | |
176 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
177 | You should post source code to whichever group is most appropriate, but |
178 | feel free to cross-post to comp.lang.perl.misc. If you want to cross-post | |
179 | to alt.sources, please make sure it follows their posting standards, | |
180 | including setting the Followup-To header line to NOT include alt.sources; | |
181 | see their FAQ (http://www.faqs.org/faqs/alt-sources-intro/) for details. | |
68dc0745 | 182 | |
5a964f20 TC |
183 | If you're just looking for software, first use Alta Vista, Deja News, and |
184 | search CPAN. This is faster and more productive than just posting | |
185 | a request. | |
186 | ||
68dc0745 | 187 | =head2 Perl Books |
188 | ||
7b8d334a | 189 | A number of books on Perl and/or CGI programming are available. A few of |
68dc0745 | 190 | these are good, some are ok, but many aren't worth your money. Tom |
191 | Christiansen maintains a list of these books, some with extensive | |
192 | reviews, at http://www.perl.com/perl/critiques/index.html. | |
193 | ||
5e3006a4 GS |
194 | The incontestably definitive reference book on Perl, written by |
195 | the creator of Perl, is now in its second edition: | |
68dc0745 | 196 | |
197 | Programming Perl (the "Camel Book"): | |
65acb1b1 | 198 | by Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Randal Schwartz |
68dc0745 | 199 | ISBN 1-56592-149-6 (English) |
200 | ISBN 4-89052-384-7 (Japanese) | |
5e3006a4 GS |
201 | URL: http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/pperl2/ |
202 | (French, German, Italian, and Hungarian translations also | |
203 | available) | |
68dc0745 | 204 | |
5e3006a4 GS |
205 | The companion volume to the Camel containing thousands |
206 | of real-world examples, mini-tutorials, and complete programs | |
207 | (first premiering at the 1998 Perl Conference), is: | |
208 | ||
209 | The Perl Cookbook (the "Ram Book"): | |
65acb1b1 | 210 | by Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington, |
5e3006a4 GS |
211 | with Foreword by Larry Wall |
212 | ISBN: 1-56592-243-3 | |
213 | URL: http://perl.oreilly.com/cookbook/ | |
68dc0745 | 214 | |
5a964f20 TC |
215 | If you're already a hard-core systems programmer, then the Camel Book |
216 | might suffice for you to learn Perl from. But if you're not, check | |
5e3006a4 GS |
217 | out: |
218 | ||
219 | Learning Perl (the "Llama Book"): | |
65acb1b1 | 220 | by Randal Schwartz and Tom Christiansen |
5e3006a4 GS |
221 | with Foreword by Larry Wall |
222 | ISBN: 1-56592-284-0 | |
223 | URL: http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperl2/ | |
224 | ||
225 | Despite the picture at the URL above, the second edition of "Llama | |
226 | Book" really has a blue cover, and is updated for the 5.004 release | |
227 | of Perl. Various foreign language editions are available, including | |
228 | I<Learning Perl on Win32 Systems> (the Gecko Book). | |
5a964f20 TC |
229 | |
230 | If you're not an accidental programmer, but a more serious and possibly | |
231 | even degreed computer scientist who doesn't need as much hand-holding as | |
232 | we try to provide in the Llama or its defurred cousin the Gecko, please | |
233 | check out the delightful book, I<Perl: The Programmer's Companion>, | |
234 | written by Nigel Chapman. | |
235 | ||
c8db1d39 | 236 | You can order O'Reilly books directly from O'Reilly & Associates, |
5a964f20 TC |
237 | 1-800-998-9938. Local/overseas is 1-707-829-0515. If you can |
238 | locate an O'Reilly order form, you can also fax to 1-707-829-0104. | |
239 | See http://www.ora.com/ on the Web. | |
240 | ||
68dc0745 | 241 | What follows is a list of the books that the FAQ authors found personally |
242 | useful. Your mileage may (but, we hope, probably won't) vary. | |
243 | ||
65acb1b1 | 244 | Recommended books on (or mostly on) Perl follow; those marked with |
5e3006a4 | 245 | a star may be ordered from O'Reilly. |
68dc0745 | 246 | |
5a964f20 | 247 | =over |
68dc0745 | 248 | |
5a964f20 | 249 | =item References |
68dc0745 | 250 | |
5a964f20 TC |
251 | *Programming Perl |
252 | by Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Randal L. Schwartz | |
68dc0745 | 253 | |
5a964f20 TC |
254 | *Perl 5 Desktop Reference |
255 | By Johan Vromans | |
68dc0745 | 256 | |
5a964f20 TC |
257 | =item Tutorials |
258 | ||
259 | *Learning Perl [2nd edition] | |
260 | by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen | |
5e3006a4 | 261 | with foreword by Larry Wall |
68dc0745 | 262 | |
5a964f20 TC |
263 | *Learning Perl on Win32 Systems |
264 | by Randal L. Schwartz, Erik Olson, and Tom Christiansen, | |
265 | with foreword by Larry Wall | |
68dc0745 | 266 | |
5a964f20 TC |
267 | Perl: The Programmer's Companion |
268 | by Nigel Chapman | |
68dc0745 | 269 | |
5a964f20 TC |
270 | Cross-Platform Perl |
271 | by Eric F. Johnson | |
68dc0745 | 272 | |
5a964f20 TC |
273 | MacPerl: Power and Ease |
274 | by Vicki Brown and Chris Nandor, foreword by Matthias Neeracher | |
68dc0745 | 275 | |
65acb1b1 | 276 | =item Task-Oriented |
5a964f20 TC |
277 | |
278 | *The Perl Cookbook | |
279 | by Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington | |
280 | with foreword by Larry Wall | |
281 | ||
282 | Perl5 Interactive Course [2nd edition] | |
283 | by Jon Orwant | |
284 | ||
285 | *Advanced Perl Programming | |
286 | by Sriram Srinivasan | |
68dc0745 | 287 | |
5a964f20 TC |
288 | Effective Perl Programming |
289 | by Joseph Hall | |
68dc0745 | 290 | |
5a964f20 TC |
291 | =item Special Topics |
292 | ||
293 | *Mastering Regular Expressions | |
294 | by Jeffrey Friedl | |
295 | ||
296 | How to Set up and Maintain a World Wide Web Site [2nd edition] | |
297 | by Lincoln Stein | |
298 | ||
299 | =back | |
300 | ||
301 | =head2 Perl in Magazines | |
302 | ||
303 | The first and only periodical devoted to All Things Perl, I<The | |
304 | Perl Journal> contains tutorials, demonstrations, case studies, | |
305 | announcements, contests, and much more. TPJ has columns on web | |
306 | development, databases, Win32 Perl, graphical programming, regular | |
5e3006a4 GS |
307 | expressions, and networking, and sponsors the Obfuscated Perl |
308 | Contest. It is published quarterly under the gentle hand of its | |
309 | editor, Jon Orwant. See http://www.tpj.com/ or send mail to | |
65acb1b1 | 310 | subscriptions@tpj.com . |
5a964f20 TC |
311 | |
312 | Beyond this, magazines that frequently carry high-quality articles | |
313 | on Perl are I<Web Techniques> (see http://www.webtechniques.com/), | |
c8db1d39 | 314 | I<Performance Computing> (http://www.performance-computing.com/), and Usenix's |
5a964f20 TC |
315 | newsletter/magazine to its members, I<login:>, at http://www.usenix.org/. |
316 | Randal's Web Technique's columns are available on the web at | |
317 | http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/WebTechniques/. | |
68dc0745 | 318 | |
319 | =head2 Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access | |
320 | ||
321 | To get the best (and possibly cheapest) performance, pick a site from | |
322 | the list below and use it to grab the complete list of mirror sites. | |
65acb1b1 | 323 | >From there you can find the quickest site for you. Remember, the |
68dc0745 | 324 | following list is I<not> the complete list of CPAN mirrors. |
325 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
326 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local |
327 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN (redirects to an ftp mirror) | |
68dc0745 | 328 | http://www.perl.org/CPAN |
329 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
330 | http://www.cs.ruu.nl/pub/PERL/CPAN/ | |
331 | ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
332 | ||
333 | =head2 What mailing lists are there for perl? | |
334 | ||
335 | Most of the major modules (tk, CGI, libwww-perl) have their own | |
336 | mailing lists. Consult the documentation that came with the module for | |
65acb1b1 TC |
337 | subscription information. The Perl Institute attempts to maintain a |
338 | list of mailing lists at: | |
68dc0745 | 339 | |
65acb1b1 | 340 | http://www.perl.org/maillist.html |
68dc0745 | 341 | |
65acb1b1 | 342 | =head2 Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc |
68dc0745 | 343 | |
65acb1b1 TC |
344 | Have you tried Deja News or Alta Vista? Those are the |
345 | best archives. Just look up "*perl*" as a newsgroup. | |
68dc0745 | 346 | |
65acb1b1 | 347 | http://www.dejanews.com/dnquery.xp?QRY=&DBS=2&ST=PS&defaultOp=AND&LNG=ALL&format=terse&showsort=date&maxhits=25&subjects=&groups=*perl*&authors=&fromdate=&todate= |
68dc0745 | 348 | |
65acb1b1 | 349 | You'll probably want to trim that down a bit, though. |
68dc0745 | 350 | |
351 | ftp.cis.ufl.edu:/pub/perl/comp.lang.perl.*/monthly has an almost | |
352 | complete collection dating back to 12/89 (missing 08/91 through | |
353 | 12/93). They are kept as one large file for each month. | |
354 | ||
355 | You'll probably want more a sophisticated query and retrieval mechanism | |
356 | than a file listing, preferably one that allows you to retrieve | |
357 | articles using a fast-access indices, keyed on at least author, date, | |
358 | subject, thread (as in "trn") and probably keywords. The best | |
359 | solution the FAQ authors know of is the MH pick command, but it is | |
360 | very slow to select on 18000 articles. | |
361 | ||
362 | If you have, or know where can be found, the missing sections, please | |
363 | let perlfaq-suggestions@perl.com know. | |
364 | ||
68dc0745 | 365 | =head2 Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? |
366 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
367 | In a real sense, Perl already I<is> commercial software: It has a licence |
368 | that you can grab and carefully read to your manager. It is distributed | |
369 | in releases and comes in well-defined packages. There is a very large | |
370 | user community and an extensive literature. The comp.lang.perl.* | |
371 | newsgroups and several of the mailing lists provide free answers to your | |
372 | questions in near real-time. Perl has traditionally been supported by | |
373 | Larry, scores of software designers and developers, and myriads of | |
374 | programmers, all working for free to create a useful thing to make life | |
375 | better for everyone. | |
68dc0745 | 376 | |
377 | However, these answers may not suffice for managers who require a | |
65acb1b1 TC |
378 | purchase order from a company whom they can sue should anything go awry. |
379 | Or maybe they need very serious hand-holding and contractual obligations. | |
380 | Shrink-wrapped CDs with perl on them are available from several sources if | |
381 | that will help. For example, many perl books carry a perl distribution | |
382 | on them, as do the O'Reily Perl Resource Kits (in both the Unix flavor | |
383 | and in the proprietary Microsoft flavor); the free Unix distributions | |
384 | also all come with Perl. | |
68dc0745 | 385 | |
386 | Or you can purchase a real support contract. Although Cygnus historically | |
387 | provided this service, they no longer sell support contracts for Perl. | |
388 | Instead, the Paul Ingram Group will be taking up the slack through The | |
389 | Perl Clinic. The following is a commercial from them: | |
390 | ||
391 | "Do you need professional support for Perl and/or Oraperl? Do you need | |
392 | a support contract with defined levels of service? Do you want to pay | |
393 | only for what you need? | |
394 | ||
395 | "The Paul Ingram Group has provided quality software development and | |
396 | support services to some of the world's largest corporations for ten | |
397 | years. We are now offering the same quality support services for Perl | |
398 | at The Perl Clinic. This service is led by Tim Bunce, an active perl | |
399 | porter since 1994 and well known as the author and maintainer of the | |
400 | DBI, DBD::Oracle, and Oraperl modules and author/co-maintainer of The | |
401 | Perl 5 Module List. We also offer Oracle users support for Perl5 | |
402 | Oraperl and related modules (which Oracle is planning to ship as part | |
403 | of Oracle Web Server 3). 20% of the profit from our Perl support work | |
404 | will be donated to The Perl Institute." | |
405 | ||
65acb1b1 | 406 | For more information, contact The Perl Clinic: |
68dc0745 | 407 | |
408 | Tel: +44 1483 424424 | |
409 | Fax: +44 1483 419419 | |
410 | Web: http://www.perl.co.uk/ | |
411 | Email: perl-support-info@perl.co.uk or Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk | |
412 | ||
65acb1b1 | 413 | See also www.perl.com for updates on tutorials, training, and support. |
5e3006a4 | 414 | |
68dc0745 | 415 | =head2 Where do I send bug reports? |
416 | ||
417 | If you are reporting a bug in the perl interpreter or the modules | |
5a964f20 | 418 | shipped with perl, use the I<perlbug> program in the perl distribution or |
65acb1b1 | 419 | mail your report to perlbug@perl.com . |
68dc0745 | 420 | |
46fc3d4c | 421 | If you are posting a bug with a non-standard port (see the answer to |
68dc0745 | 422 | "What platforms is Perl available for?"), a binary distribution, or a |
46fc3d4c | 423 | non-standard module (such as Tk, CGI, etc), then please see the |
68dc0745 | 424 | documentation that came with it to determine the correct place to post |
425 | bugs. | |
426 | ||
5a964f20 | 427 | Read the perlbug(1) man page (perl5.004 or later) for more information. |
68dc0745 | 428 | |
65acb1b1 | 429 | =head2 What is perl.com? |
68dc0745 | 430 | |
65acb1b1 | 431 | The perl.com domain is owned by Tom Christiansen, who created it as a |
5a964f20 TC |
432 | public service long before perl.org came about. Despite the name, it's a |
433 | pretty non-commercial site meant to be a clearinghouse for information | |
434 | about all things Perlian, accepting no paid advertisements, bouncy | |
435 | happy gifs, or silly java applets on its pages. The Perl Home Page at | |
436 | http://www.perl.com/ is currently hosted on a T3 line courtesy of Songline | |
437 | Systems, a software-oriented subsidiary of O'Reilly and Associates. | |
65acb1b1 | 438 | Other starting points include |
5a964f20 | 439 | |
65acb1b1 TC |
440 | http://language.perl.com/ |
441 | http://conference.perl.com/ | |
442 | http://reference.perl.com/ | |
68dc0745 | 443 | |
444 | =head1 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT | |
445 | ||
65acb1b1 | 446 | Copyright (c) 1997-1999 Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington. |
5a964f20 TC |
447 | All rights reserved. |
448 | ||
c8db1d39 | 449 | When included as an integrated part of the Standard Distribution |
c2611fb3 | 450 | of Perl or of its documentation (printed or otherwise), this work is |
c8db1d39 TC |
451 | covered under Perl's Artistic Licence. For separate distributions of |
452 | all or part of this FAQ outside of that, see L<perlfaq>. | |
453 | ||
454 | Irrespective of its distribution, all code examples here are public | |
455 | domain. You are permitted and encouraged to use this code and any | |
456 | derivatives thereof in your own programs for fun or for profit as you | |
457 | see fit. A simple comment in the code giving credit to the FAQ would | |
458 | be courteous but is not required. | |
65acb1b1 | 459 |