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1 | If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you |
2 | see. It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is | |
3 | specially designed to be readable as is. | |
4 | ||
5 | =head1 NAME | |
6 | ||
c623ac67 | 7 | perlwin32 - Perl under Windows |
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8 | |
9 | =head1 SYNOPSIS | |
10 | ||
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11 | These are instructions for building Perl under Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP |
12 | on the Intel x86 and Itanium architectures. | |
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13 | |
14 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
15 | ||
16 | Before you start, you should glance through the README file | |
17 | found in the top-level directory to which the Perl distribution | |
18 | was extracted. Make sure you read and understand the terms under | |
19 | which this software is being distributed. | |
20 | ||
21 | Also make sure you read L<BUGS AND CAVEATS> below for the | |
22 | known limitations of this port. | |
23 | ||
24 | The INSTALL file in the perl top-level has much information that is | |
25 | only relevant to people building Perl on Unix-like systems. In | |
26 | particular, you can safely ignore any information that talks about | |
27 | "Configure". | |
28 | ||
29 | You may also want to look at two other options for building | |
30 | a perl that will work on Windows NT: the README.cygwin and | |
31 | README.os2 files, each of which give a different set of rules to | |
32 | build a Perl that will work on Win32 platforms. Those two methods | |
33 | will probably enable you to build a more Unix-compatible perl, but | |
34 | you will also need to download and use various other build-time and | |
35 | run-time support software described in those files. | |
36 | ||
37 | This set of instructions is meant to describe a so-called "native" | |
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38 | port of Perl to Win32 platforms. This includes both 32-bit and |
39 | 64-bit Windows operating systems. The resulting Perl requires no | |
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40 | additional software to run (other than what came with your operating |
41 | system). Currently, this port is capable of using one of the | |
c623ac67 | 42 | following compilers on the Intel x86 architecture: |
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43 | |
44 | Borland C++ version 5.02 or later | |
45 | Microsoft Visual C++ version 4.2 or later | |
46 | Mingw32 with GCC version 2.95.2 or better | |
47 | ||
48 | The last of these is a high quality freeware compiler. Support | |
49 | for it is still experimental. (Older versions of GCC are known | |
50 | not to work.) | |
51 | ||
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52 | This port can also be built on the Intel IA64 using: |
53 | ||
54 | Microsoft Platform SDK Nov 2001 (64-bit compiler and tools) | |
55 | ||
56 | The MS Platform SDK can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/. | |
57 | ||
58 | This port fully supports MakeMaker (the set of modules that | |
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59 | is used to build extensions to perl). Therefore, you should be |
60 | able to build and install most extensions found in the CPAN sites. | |
61 | See L<Usage Hints for Perl on Win32> below for general hints about this. | |
62 | ||
63 | =head2 Setting Up Perl on Win32 | |
64 | ||
65 | =over 4 | |
66 | ||
67 | =item Make | |
68 | ||
69 | You need a "make" program to build the sources. If you are using | |
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70 | Visual C++ or the Platform SDK tools under Windows NT/2000/XP, nmake |
71 | will work. All other builds need dmake. | |
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72 | |
73 | dmake is a freely available make that has very nice macro features | |
74 | and parallelability. | |
75 | ||
76 | A port of dmake for Windows is available from: | |
77 | ||
78 | http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/GSAR/dmake-4.1pl1-win32.zip | |
79 | ||
80 | (This is a fixed version of the original dmake sources obtained from | |
f224927c | 81 | http://www.wticorp.com/ As of version 4.1PL1, the original |
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82 | sources did not build as shipped and had various other problems. |
83 | A patch is included in the above fixed version.) | |
84 | ||
85 | Fetch and install dmake somewhere on your path (follow the instructions | |
86 | in the README.NOW file). | |
87 | ||
88 | There exists a minor coexistence problem with dmake and Borland C++ | |
89 | compilers. Namely, if a distribution has C files named with mixed | |
90 | case letters, they will be compiled into appropriate .obj-files named | |
91 | with all lowercase letters, and every time dmake is invoked | |
92 | to bring files up to date, it will try to recompile such files again. | |
93 | For example, Tk distribution has a lot of such files, resulting in | |
d1be9408 | 94 | needless recompiles every time dmake is invoked. To avoid this, you |
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95 | may use the script "sync_ext.pl" after a successful build. It is |
96 | available in the win32 subdirectory of the Perl source distribution. | |
97 | ||
98 | =item Command Shell | |
99 | ||
100 | Use the default "cmd" shell that comes with NT. Some versions of the | |
101 | popular 4DOS/NT shell have incompatibilities that may cause you trouble. | |
102 | If the build fails under that shell, try building again with the cmd | |
103 | shell. | |
104 | ||
105 | The nmake Makefile also has known incompatibilities with the | |
106 | "command.com" shell that comes with Windows 9x. You will need to | |
107 | use dmake and makefile.mk to build under Windows 9x. | |
108 | ||
c623ac67 | 109 | The surest way to build it is on Windows NT/2000/XP, using the cmd shell. |
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110 | |
111 | Make sure the path to the build directory does not contain spaces. The | |
112 | build usually works in this circumstance, but some tests will fail. | |
113 | ||
114 | =item Borland C++ | |
115 | ||
116 | If you are using the Borland compiler, you will need dmake. | |
117 | (The make that Borland supplies is seriously crippled and will not | |
118 | work for MakeMaker builds.) | |
119 | ||
120 | See L</"Make"> above. | |
121 | ||
122 | =item Microsoft Visual C++ | |
123 | ||
124 | The nmake that comes with Visual C++ will suffice for building. | |
125 | You will need to run the VCVARS32.BAT file, usually found somewhere | |
126 | like C:\MSDEV4.2\BIN. This will set your build environment. | |
127 | ||
128 | You can also use dmake to build using Visual C++; provided, however, | |
129 | you set OSRELEASE to "microsft" (or whatever the directory name | |
130 | under which the Visual C dmake configuration lives) in your environment | |
131 | and edit win32/config.vc to change "make=nmake" into "make=dmake". The | |
132 | latter step is only essential if you want to use dmake as your default | |
133 | make for building extensions using MakeMaker. | |
134 | ||
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135 | =item Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler |
136 | ||
137 | The nmake that comes with the Platform SDK will suffice for building | |
138 | Perl. Make sure you are building within one of the "Build Environment" | |
139 | shells available after you install the Platform SDK from the Start Menu. | |
140 | ||
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141 | =item Mingw32 with GCC |
142 | ||
143 | GCC-2.95.2 binaries can be downloaded from: | |
144 | ||
145 | ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/ | |
146 | ||
147 | You also need dmake. See L</"Make"> above on how to get it. | |
148 | ||
149 | The GCC-2.95.2 bundle comes with Mingw32 libraries and headers. | |
150 | ||
151 | Make sure you install the binaries that work with MSVCRT.DLL as indicated | |
152 | in the README for the GCC bundle. You may need to set up a few environment | |
153 | variables (usually ran from a batch file). | |
154 | ||
155 | There are a couple of problems with the version of gcc-2.95.2-msvcrt.exe | |
156 | released 7 November 1999: | |
157 | ||
158 | =over | |
159 | ||
160 | =item * | |
161 | ||
162 | It left out a fix for certain command line quotes. To fix this, be sure | |
163 | to download and install the file fixes/quote-fix-msvcrt.exe from the above | |
164 | ftp location. | |
165 | ||
166 | =item * | |
167 | ||
168 | The definition of the fpos_t type in stdio.h may be wrong. If your | |
169 | stdio.h has this problem, you will see an exception when running the | |
170 | test t/lib/io_xs.t. To fix this, change the typedef for fpos_t from | |
171 | "long" to "long long" in the file i386-mingw32msvc/include/stdio.h, | |
172 | and rebuild. | |
173 | ||
174 | =back | |
175 | ||
176 | A potentially simpler to install (but probably soon-to-be-outdated) bundle | |
177 | of the above package with the mentioned fixes already applied is available | |
178 | here: | |
179 | ||
180 | http://downloads.ActiveState.com/pub/staff/gsar/gcc-2.95.2-msvcrt.zip | |
181 | ftp://ftp.ActiveState.com/pub/staff/gsar/gcc-2.95.2-msvcrt.zip | |
182 | ||
183 | =back | |
184 | ||
185 | =head2 Building | |
186 | ||
187 | =over 4 | |
188 | ||
189 | =item * | |
190 | ||
191 | Make sure you are in the "win32" subdirectory under the perl toplevel. | |
192 | This directory contains a "Makefile" that will work with | |
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193 | versions of nmake that come with Visual C++ or the Platform SDK, and |
194 | a dmake "makefile.mk" that will work for all supported compilers. The | |
195 | defaults in the dmake makefile are setup to build using the GCC compiler. | |
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196 | |
197 | =item * | |
198 | ||
199 | Edit the makefile.mk (or Makefile, if you're using nmake) and change | |
200 | the values of INST_DRV and INST_TOP. You can also enable various | |
201 | build flags. These are explained in the makefiles. | |
202 | ||
203 | You will have to make sure that CCTYPE is set correctly and that | |
204 | CCHOME points to wherever you installed your compiler. | |
205 | ||
206 | The default value for CCHOME in the makefiles for Visual C++ | |
207 | may not be correct for some versions. Make sure the default exists | |
208 | and is valid. | |
209 | ||
210 | If you have either the source or a library that contains des_fcrypt(), | |
211 | enable the appropriate option in the makefile. des_fcrypt() is not | |
212 | bundled with the distribution due to US Government restrictions | |
213 | on the export of cryptographic software. Nevertheless, this routine | |
214 | is part of the "libdes" library (written by Eric Young) which is widely | |
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215 | available worldwide, usually along with SSLeay ( for example, |
216 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/crypt/mirrors/dsi/libdes/ ). Set CRYPT_SRC to the | |
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217 | name of the file that implements des_fcrypt(). Alternatively, if |
218 | you have built a library that contains des_fcrypt(), you can set | |
219 | CRYPT_LIB to point to the library name. The location above contains | |
220 | many versions of the "libdes" library, all with slightly different | |
221 | implementations of des_fcrypt(). Older versions have a single, | |
222 | self-contained file (fcrypt.c) that implements crypt(), so they may be | |
223 | easier to use. A patch against the fcrypt.c found in libdes-3.06 is | |
224 | in des_fcrypt.patch. | |
225 | ||
226 | An easier alternative may be to get the pre-patched and ready-to-use | |
227 | fcrypt.c that can be found here: | |
228 | ||
229 | http://downloads.ActiveState.com/pub/staff/gsar/fcrypt.c | |
230 | ftp://ftp.ActiveState.com/pub/staff/gsar/fcrypt.c | |
231 | ||
232 | Perl will also build without des_fcrypt(), but the crypt() builtin will | |
233 | fail at run time. | |
234 | ||
235 | Be sure to read the instructions near the top of the makefiles carefully. | |
236 | ||
237 | =item * | |
238 | ||
239 | Type "dmake" (or "nmake" if you are using that make). | |
240 | ||
241 | This should build everything. Specifically, it will create perl.exe, | |
c623ac67 | 242 | perl58.dll at the perl toplevel, and various other extension dll's |
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243 | under the lib\auto directory. If the build fails for any reason, make |
244 | sure you have done the previous steps correctly. | |
245 | ||
246 | =back | |
247 | ||
248 | =head2 Testing Perl on Win32 | |
249 | ||
250 | Type "dmake test" (or "nmake test"). This will run most of the tests from | |
251 | the testsuite (many tests will be skipped). | |
252 | ||
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253 | There should be no test failures when running under Windows NT/2000/XP. |
254 | Many tests I<will> fail under Windows 9x due to the inferior command shell. | |
255 | ||
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256 | Some test failures may occur if you use a command shell other than the |
257 | native "cmd.exe", or if you are building from a path that contains | |
258 | spaces. So don't do that. | |
259 | ||
260 | If you are running the tests from a emacs shell window, you may see | |
261 | failures in op/stat.t. Run "dmake test-notty" in that case. | |
262 | ||
263 | If you're using the Borland compiler, you may see a failure in op/taint.t | |
264 | arising from the inability to find the Borland Runtime DLLs on the system | |
265 | default path. You will need to copy the DLLs reported by the messages | |
266 | from where Borland chose to install it, into the Windows system directory | |
267 | (usually somewhere like C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32) and rerun the test. | |
268 | ||
269 | If you're using Borland compiler versions 5.2 and below, you may run into | |
270 | problems finding the correct header files when building extensions. For | |
271 | example, building the "Tk" extension may fail because both perl and Tk | |
272 | contain a header file called "patchlevel.h". The latest Borland compiler | |
273 | (v5.5) is free of this misbehaviour, and it even supports an | |
274 | option -VI- for backward (bugward) compatibility for using the old Borland | |
275 | search algorithm to locate header files. | |
276 | ||
277 | Please report any other failures as described under L<BUGS AND CAVEATS>. | |
278 | ||
279 | =head2 Installation of Perl on Win32 | |
280 | ||
281 | Type "dmake install" (or "nmake install"). This will put the newly | |
282 | built perl and the libraries under whatever C<INST_TOP> points to in the | |
283 | Makefile. It will also install the pod documentation under | |
284 | C<$INST_TOP\$VERSION\lib\pod> and HTML versions of the same under | |
285 | C<$INST_TOP\$VERSION\lib\pod\html>. To use the Perl you just installed, | |
286 | you will need to add two components to your PATH environment variable, | |
287 | C<$INST_TOP\$VERSION\bin> and C<$INST_TOP\$VERSION\bin\$ARCHNAME>. | |
288 | For example: | |
289 | ||
290 | set PATH c:\perl\5.6.0\bin;c:\perl\5.6.0\bin\MSWin32-x86;%PATH% | |
291 | ||
292 | If you opt to comment out INST_VER and INST_ARCH in the makefiles, the | |
293 | installation structure is much simpler. In that case, it will be | |
294 | sufficient to add a single entry to the path, for instance: | |
295 | ||
296 | set PATH c:\perl\bin;%PATH% | |
297 | ||
298 | =head2 Usage Hints for Perl on Win32 | |
299 | ||
300 | =over 4 | |
301 | ||
302 | =item Environment Variables | |
303 | ||
304 | The installation paths that you set during the build get compiled | |
305 | into perl, so you don't have to do anything additional to start | |
306 | using that perl (except add its location to your PATH variable). | |
307 | ||
308 | If you put extensions in unusual places, you can set PERL5LIB | |
309 | to a list of paths separated by semicolons where you want perl | |
310 | to look for libraries. Look for descriptions of other environment | |
311 | variables you can set in L<perlrun>. | |
312 | ||
313 | You can also control the shell that perl uses to run system() and | |
314 | backtick commands via PERL5SHELL. See L<perlrun>. | |
315 | ||
316 | Perl does not depend on the registry, but it can look up certain default | |
317 | values if you choose to put them there. Perl attempts to read entries from | |
318 | C<HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Perl> and C<HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Perl>. | |
319 | Entries in the former override entries in the latter. One or more of the | |
320 | following entries (of type REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ) may be set: | |
321 | ||
322 | lib-$] version-specific standard library path to add to @INC | |
323 | lib standard library path to add to @INC | |
324 | sitelib-$] version-specific site library path to add to @INC | |
325 | sitelib site library path to add to @INC | |
326 | vendorlib-$] version-specific vendor library path to add to @INC | |
327 | vendorlib vendor library path to add to @INC | |
328 | PERL* fallback for all %ENV lookups that begin with "PERL" | |
329 | ||
330 | Note the C<$]> in the above is not literal. Substitute whatever version | |
331 | of perl you want to honor that entry, e.g. C<5.6.0>. Paths must be | |
332 | separated with semicolons, as usual on win32. | |
333 | ||
334 | =item File Globbing | |
335 | ||
336 | By default, perl handles file globbing using the File::Glob extension, | |
337 | which provides portable globbing. | |
338 | ||
339 | If you want perl to use globbing that emulates the quirks of DOS | |
340 | filename conventions, you might want to consider using File::DosGlob | |
341 | to override the internal glob() implementation. See L<File::DosGlob> for | |
342 | details. | |
343 | ||
344 | =item Using perl from the command line | |
345 | ||
346 | If you are accustomed to using perl from various command-line | |
347 | shells found in UNIX environments, you will be less than pleased | |
348 | with what Windows offers by way of a command shell. | |
349 | ||
350 | The crucial thing to understand about the Windows environment is that | |
351 | the command line you type in is processed twice before Perl sees it. | |
352 | First, your command shell (usually CMD.EXE on Windows NT, and | |
353 | COMMAND.COM on Windows 9x) preprocesses the command line, to handle | |
354 | redirection, environment variable expansion, and location of the | |
355 | executable to run. Then, the perl executable splits the remaining | |
356 | command line into individual arguments, using the C runtime library | |
357 | upon which Perl was built. | |
358 | ||
359 | It is particularly important to note that neither the shell nor the C | |
360 | runtime do any wildcard expansions of command-line arguments (so | |
361 | wildcards need not be quoted). Also, the quoting behaviours of the | |
362 | shell and the C runtime are rudimentary at best (and may, if you are | |
363 | using a non-standard shell, be inconsistent). The only (useful) quote | |
364 | character is the double quote ("). It can be used to protect spaces | |
365 | and other special characters in arguments. | |
366 | ||
367 | The Windows NT documentation has almost no description of how the | |
368 | quoting rules are implemented, but here are some general observations | |
369 | based on experiments: The C runtime breaks arguments at spaces and | |
370 | passes them to programs in argc/argv. Double quotes can be used to | |
371 | prevent arguments with spaces in them from being split up. You can | |
372 | put a double quote in an argument by escaping it with a backslash and | |
373 | enclosing the whole argument within double quotes. The backslash and | |
374 | the pair of double quotes surrounding the argument will be stripped by | |
375 | the C runtime. | |
376 | ||
377 | The file redirection characters "<", ">", and "|" can be quoted by | |
378 | double quotes (although there are suggestions that this may not always | |
379 | be true). Single quotes are not treated as quotes by the shell or | |
380 | the C runtime, they don't get stripped by the shell (just to make | |
381 | this type of quoting completely useless). The caret "^" has also | |
382 | been observed to behave as a quoting character, but this appears | |
383 | to be a shell feature, and the caret is not stripped from the command | |
384 | line, so Perl still sees it (and the C runtime phase does not treat | |
385 | the caret as a quote character). | |
386 | ||
387 | Here are some examples of usage of the "cmd" shell: | |
388 | ||
389 | This prints two doublequotes: | |
390 | ||
391 | perl -e "print '\"\"' " | |
392 | ||
393 | This does the same: | |
394 | ||
395 | perl -e "print \"\\\"\\\"\" " | |
396 | ||
397 | This prints "bar" and writes "foo" to the file "blurch": | |
398 | ||
399 | perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" > blurch | |
400 | ||
401 | This prints "foo" ("bar" disappears into nowhereland): | |
402 | ||
403 | perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 2> nul | |
404 | ||
405 | This prints "bar" and writes "foo" into the file "blurch": | |
406 | ||
407 | perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 1> blurch | |
408 | ||
409 | This pipes "foo" to the "less" pager and prints "bar" on the console: | |
410 | ||
411 | perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" | less | |
412 | ||
413 | This pipes "foo\nbar\n" to the less pager: | |
414 | ||
415 | perl -le "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 2>&1 | less | |
416 | ||
417 | This pipes "foo" to the pager and writes "bar" in the file "blurch": | |
418 | ||
419 | perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 2> blurch | less | |
420 | ||
421 | ||
422 | Discovering the usefulness of the "command.com" shell on Windows 9x | |
423 | is left as an exercise to the reader :) | |
424 | ||
425 | One particularly pernicious problem with the 4NT command shell for | |
426 | Windows NT is that it (nearly) always treats a % character as indicating | |
427 | that environment variable expansion is needed. Under this shell, it is | |
428 | therefore important to always double any % characters which you want | |
429 | Perl to see (for example, for hash variables), even when they are | |
430 | quoted. | |
431 | ||
432 | =item Building Extensions | |
433 | ||
434 | The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN) offers a wealth | |
435 | of extensions, some of which require a C compiler to build. | |
436 | Look in http://www.cpan.org/ for more information on CPAN. | |
437 | ||
438 | Note that not all of the extensions available from CPAN may work | |
439 | in the Win32 environment; you should check the information at | |
440 | http://testers.cpan.org/ before investing too much effort into | |
441 | porting modules that don't readily build. | |
442 | ||
443 | Most extensions (whether they require a C compiler or not) can | |
444 | be built, tested and installed with the standard mantra: | |
445 | ||
446 | perl Makefile.PL | |
447 | $MAKE | |
448 | $MAKE test | |
449 | $MAKE install | |
450 | ||
451 | where $MAKE is whatever 'make' program you have configured perl to | |
452 | use. Use "perl -V:make" to find out what this is. Some extensions | |
453 | may not provide a testsuite (so "$MAKE test" may not do anything or | |
454 | fail), but most serious ones do. | |
455 | ||
456 | It is important that you use a supported 'make' program, and | |
457 | ensure Config.pm knows about it. If you don't have nmake, you can | |
458 | either get dmake from the location mentioned earlier or get an | |
459 | old version of nmake reportedly available from: | |
460 | ||
461 | ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/nmake15.exe | |
462 | ||
463 | Another option is to use the make written in Perl, available from | |
97d5a6db | 464 | CPAN. |
acfe0abc | 465 | |
97d5a6db | 466 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Make/ |
acfe0abc GS |
467 | |
468 | You may also use dmake. See L</"Make"> above on how to get it. | |
469 | ||
470 | Note that MakeMaker actually emits makefiles with different syntax | |
471 | depending on what 'make' it thinks you are using. Therefore, it is | |
472 | important that one of the following values appears in Config.pm: | |
473 | ||
474 | make='nmake' # MakeMaker emits nmake syntax | |
475 | make='dmake' # MakeMaker emits dmake syntax | |
476 | any other value # MakeMaker emits generic make syntax | |
477 | (e.g GNU make, or Perl make) | |
478 | ||
479 | If the value doesn't match the 'make' program you want to use, | |
480 | edit Config.pm to fix it. | |
481 | ||
482 | If a module implements XSUBs, you will need one of the supported | |
483 | C compilers. You must make sure you have set up the environment for | |
484 | the compiler for command-line compilation. | |
485 | ||
486 | If a module does not build for some reason, look carefully for | |
487 | why it failed, and report problems to the module author. If | |
488 | it looks like the extension building support is at fault, report | |
489 | that with full details of how the build failed using the perlbug | |
490 | utility. | |
491 | ||
492 | =item Command-line Wildcard Expansion | |
493 | ||
494 | The default command shells on DOS descendant operating systems (such | |
495 | as they are) usually do not expand wildcard arguments supplied to | |
496 | programs. They consider it the application's job to handle that. | |
497 | This is commonly achieved by linking the application (in our case, | |
498 | perl) with startup code that the C runtime libraries usually provide. | |
499 | However, doing that results in incompatible perl versions (since the | |
500 | behavior of the argv expansion code differs depending on the | |
501 | compiler, and it is even buggy on some compilers). Besides, it may | |
502 | be a source of frustration if you use such a perl binary with an | |
503 | alternate shell that *does* expand wildcards. | |
504 | ||
505 | Instead, the following solution works rather well. The nice things | |
506 | about it are 1) you can start using it right away; 2) it is more | |
507 | powerful, because it will do the right thing with a pattern like | |
508 | */*/*.c; 3) you can decide whether you do/don't want to use it; and | |
509 | 4) you can extend the method to add any customizations (or even | |
510 | entirely different kinds of wildcard expansion). | |
511 | ||
512 | C:\> copy con c:\perl\lib\Wild.pm | |
513 | # Wild.pm - emulate shell @ARGV expansion on shells that don't | |
514 | use File::DosGlob; | |
515 | @ARGV = map { | |
516 | my @g = File::DosGlob::glob($_) if /[*?]/; | |
517 | @g ? @g : $_; | |
518 | } @ARGV; | |
519 | 1; | |
520 | ^Z | |
521 | C:\> set PERL5OPT=-MWild | |
522 | C:\> perl -le "for (@ARGV) { print }" */*/perl*.c | |
523 | p4view/perl/perl.c | |
524 | p4view/perl/perlio.c | |
525 | p4view/perl/perly.c | |
526 | perl5.005/win32/perlglob.c | |
527 | perl5.005/win32/perllib.c | |
528 | perl5.005/win32/perlglob.c | |
529 | perl5.005/win32/perllib.c | |
530 | perl5.005/win32/perlglob.c | |
531 | perl5.005/win32/perllib.c | |
532 | ||
533 | Note there are two distinct steps there: 1) You'll have to create | |
534 | Wild.pm and put it in your perl lib directory. 2) You'll need to | |
535 | set the PERL5OPT environment variable. If you want argv expansion | |
536 | to be the default, just set PERL5OPT in your default startup | |
537 | environment. | |
538 | ||
539 | If you are using the Visual C compiler, you can get the C runtime's | |
540 | command line wildcard expansion built into perl binary. The resulting | |
541 | binary will always expand unquoted command lines, which may not be | |
542 | what you want if you use a shell that does that for you. The expansion | |
543 | done is also somewhat less powerful than the approach suggested above. | |
544 | ||
545 | =item Win32 Specific Extensions | |
546 | ||
547 | A number of extensions specific to the Win32 platform are available | |
548 | from CPAN. You may find that many of these extensions are meant to | |
549 | be used under the Activeware port of Perl, which used to be the only | |
550 | native port for the Win32 platform. Since the Activeware port does not | |
551 | have adequate support for Perl's extension building tools, these | |
552 | extensions typically do not support those tools either and, therefore, | |
553 | cannot be built using the generic steps shown in the previous section. | |
554 | ||
555 | To ensure smooth transitioning of existing code that uses the | |
556 | ActiveState port, there is a bundle of Win32 extensions that contains | |
557 | all of the ActiveState extensions and most other Win32 extensions from | |
558 | CPAN in source form, along with many added bugfixes, and with MakeMaker | |
559 | support. This bundle is available at: | |
560 | ||
c623ac67 | 561 | http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/GSAR/libwin32-0.18.zip |
acfe0abc GS |
562 | |
563 | See the README in that distribution for building and installation | |
564 | instructions. Look for later versions that may be available at the | |
565 | same location. | |
566 | ||
c623ac67 GS |
567 | =item Notes on 64-bit Windows |
568 | ||
569 | Windows .NET Server supports the LLP64 data model on the Intel Itanium | |
570 | architecture. | |
571 | ||
572 | The LLP64 data model is different from the LP64 data model that is the | |
573 | norm on 64-bit Unix platforms. In the former, C<int> and C<long> are | |
574 | both 32-bit data types, while pointers are 64 bits wide. In addition, | |
575 | there is a separate 64-bit wide integral type, C<__int64>. In contrast, | |
576 | the LP64 data model that is pervasive on Unix platforms provides C<int> | |
577 | as the 32-bit type, while both the C<long> type and pointers are of | |
578 | 64-bit precision. Note that both models provide for 64-bits of | |
579 | addressability. | |
580 | ||
581 | 64-bit Windows running on Itanium is capable of running 32-bit x86 | |
582 | binaries transparently. This means that you could use a 32-bit build | |
583 | of Perl on a 64-bit system. Given this, why would one want to build | |
584 | a 64-bit build of Perl? Here are some reasons why you would bother: | |
585 | ||
586 | =item * | |
587 | ||
588 | A 64-bit native application will run much more efficiently on | |
589 | Itanium hardware. | |
590 | ||
591 | =item * | |
592 | ||
593 | There is no 2GB limit on process size. | |
594 | ||
595 | =item * | |
596 | ||
597 | Perl automatically provides large file support when built under | |
598 | 64-bit Windows. | |
599 | ||
600 | =item * | |
601 | ||
602 | Embedding Perl inside a 64-bit application. | |
603 | ||
604 | =back | |
605 | ||
acfe0abc GS |
606 | =item Running Perl Scripts |
607 | ||
608 | Perl scripts on UNIX use the "#!" (a.k.a "shebang") line to | |
609 | indicate to the OS that it should execute the file using perl. | |
610 | Win32 has no comparable means to indicate arbitrary files are | |
611 | executables. | |
612 | ||
613 | Instead, all available methods to execute plain text files on | |
614 | Win32 rely on the file "extension". There are three methods | |
615 | to use this to execute perl scripts: | |
616 | ||
617 | =over 8 | |
618 | ||
619 | =item 1 | |
620 | ||
621 | There is a facility called "file extension associations" that will | |
622 | work in Windows NT 4.0. This can be manipulated via the two | |
623 | commands "assoc" and "ftype" that come standard with Windows NT | |
624 | 4.0. Type "ftype /?" for a complete example of how to set this | |
625 | up for perl scripts (Say what? You thought Windows NT wasn't | |
626 | perl-ready? :). | |
627 | ||
628 | =item 2 | |
629 | ||
630 | Since file associations don't work everywhere, and there are | |
631 | reportedly bugs with file associations where it does work, the | |
632 | old method of wrapping the perl script to make it look like a | |
633 | regular batch file to the OS, may be used. The install process | |
634 | makes available the "pl2bat.bat" script which can be used to wrap | |
635 | perl scripts into batch files. For example: | |
636 | ||
637 | pl2bat foo.pl | |
638 | ||
639 | will create the file "FOO.BAT". Note "pl2bat" strips any | |
640 | .pl suffix and adds a .bat suffix to the generated file. | |
641 | ||
642 | If you use the 4DOS/NT or similar command shell, note that | |
643 | "pl2bat" uses the "%*" variable in the generated batch file to | |
644 | refer to all the command line arguments, so you may need to make | |
645 | sure that construct works in batch files. As of this writing, | |
646 | 4DOS/NT users will need a "ParameterChar = *" statement in their | |
647 | 4NT.INI file or will need to execute "setdos /p*" in the 4DOS/NT | |
648 | startup file to enable this to work. | |
649 | ||
650 | =item 3 | |
651 | ||
652 | Using "pl2bat" has a few problems: the file name gets changed, | |
653 | so scripts that rely on C<$0> to find what they must do may not | |
654 | run properly; running "pl2bat" replicates the contents of the | |
655 | original script, and so this process can be maintenance intensive | |
656 | if the originals get updated often. A different approach that | |
657 | avoids both problems is possible. | |
658 | ||
659 | A script called "runperl.bat" is available that can be copied | |
660 | to any filename (along with the .bat suffix). For example, | |
661 | if you call it "foo.bat", it will run the file "foo" when it is | |
662 | executed. Since you can run batch files on Win32 platforms simply | |
663 | by typing the name (without the extension), this effectively | |
664 | runs the file "foo", when you type either "foo" or "foo.bat". | |
665 | With this method, "foo.bat" can even be in a different location | |
666 | than the file "foo", as long as "foo" is available somewhere on | |
667 | the PATH. If your scripts are on a filesystem that allows symbolic | |
668 | links, you can even avoid copying "runperl.bat". | |
669 | ||
670 | Here's a diversion: copy "runperl.bat" to "runperl", and type | |
671 | "runperl". Explain the observed behavior, or lack thereof. :) | |
672 | Hint: .gnidnats llits er'uoy fi ,"lrepnur" eteled :tniH | |
673 | ||
acfe0abc GS |
674 | =item Miscellaneous Things |
675 | ||
676 | A full set of HTML documentation is installed, so you should be | |
677 | able to use it if you have a web browser installed on your | |
678 | system. | |
679 | ||
680 | C<perldoc> is also a useful tool for browsing information contained | |
681 | in the documentation, especially in conjunction with a pager | |
682 | like C<less> (recent versions of which have Win32 support). You may | |
683 | have to set the PAGER environment variable to use a specific pager. | |
684 | "perldoc -f foo" will print information about the perl operator | |
685 | "foo". | |
686 | ||
687 | If you find bugs in perl, you can run C<perlbug> to create a | |
688 | bug report (you may have to send it manually if C<perlbug> cannot | |
689 | find a mailer on your system). | |
690 | ||
691 | =back | |
692 | ||
693 | =head1 BUGS AND CAVEATS | |
694 | ||
695 | Norton AntiVirus interferes with the build process, particularly if | |
696 | set to "AutoProtect, All Files, when Opened". Unlike large applications | |
697 | the perl build process opens and modifies a lot of files. Having the | |
698 | the AntiVirus scan each and every one slows build the process significantly. | |
699 | Worse, with PERLIO=stdio the build process fails with peculiar messages | |
700 | as the virus checker interacts badly with miniperl.exe writing configure | |
701 | files (it seems to either catch file part written and treat it as suspicious, | |
702 | or virus checker may have it "locked" in a way which inhibits miniperl | |
703 | updating it). The build does complete with | |
704 | ||
705 | set PERLIO=perlio | |
706 | ||
707 | but that may be just luck. Other AntiVirus software may have similar issues. | |
708 | ||
709 | Some of the built-in functions do not act exactly as documented in | |
710 | L<perlfunc>, and a few are not implemented at all. To avoid | |
711 | surprises, particularly if you have had prior exposure to Perl | |
712 | in other operating environments or if you intend to write code | |
713 | that will be portable to other environments. See L<perlport> | |
714 | for a reasonably definitive list of these differences. | |
715 | ||
716 | Not all extensions available from CPAN may build or work properly | |
717 | in the Win32 environment. See L</"Building Extensions">. | |
718 | ||
719 | Most C<socket()> related calls are supported, but they may not | |
720 | behave as on Unix platforms. See L<perlport> for the full list. | |
721 | ||
722 | Signal handling may not behave as on Unix platforms (where it | |
723 | doesn't exactly "behave", either :). For instance, calling C<die()> | |
724 | or C<exit()> from signal handlers will cause an exception, since most | |
725 | implementations of C<signal()> on Win32 are severely crippled. | |
726 | Thus, signals may work only for simple things like setting a flag | |
727 | variable in the handler. Using signals under this port should | |
728 | currently be considered unsupported. | |
729 | ||
730 | Please send detailed descriptions of any problems and solutions that | |
731 | you may find to <F<perlbug@perl.com>>, along with the output produced | |
732 | by C<perl -V>. | |
733 | ||
734 | =head1 AUTHORS | |
735 | ||
736 | =over 4 | |
737 | ||
738 | =item Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt> | |
739 | ||
740 | =item Gurusamy Sarathy E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt> | |
741 | ||
742 | =item Nick Ing-Simmons E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt> | |
743 | ||
744 | =back | |
745 | ||
746 | This document is maintained by Gurusamy Sarathy. | |
747 | ||
748 | =head1 SEE ALSO | |
749 | ||
750 | L<perl> | |
751 | ||
752 | =head1 HISTORY | |
753 | ||
754 | This port was originally contributed by Gary Ng around 5.003_24, | |
755 | and borrowed from the Hip Communications port that was available | |
756 | at the time. Various people have made numerous and sundry hacks | |
757 | since then. | |
758 | ||
759 | Borland support was added in 5.004_01 (Gurusamy Sarathy). | |
760 | ||
761 | GCC/mingw32 support was added in 5.005 (Nick Ing-Simmons). | |
762 | ||
763 | Support for PERL_OBJECT was added in 5.005 (ActiveState Tool Corp). | |
764 | ||
765 | Support for fork() emulation was added in 5.6 (ActiveState Tool Corp). | |
766 | ||
767 | Win9x support was added in 5.6 (Benjamin Stuhl). | |
768 | ||
c623ac67 GS |
769 | Support for 64-bit Windows added in 5.8 (ActiveState Corp). |
770 | ||
771 | Last updated: 20 April 2002 | |
acfe0abc GS |
772 | |
773 | =cut |