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68dc0745 | 1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | ||
04d666b1 | 3 | perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/26 17:45:46 $) |
68dc0745 | 4 | |
5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
6 | ||
197aec24 RGS |
7 | The perlfaq is divided into several documents based on topics. A table |
8 | of contents is at the end of this document. | |
68dc0745 | 9 | |
197aec24 RGS |
10 | =head2 Where to get the perlfaq |
11 | ||
12 | Extracts of the perlfaq are posted regularly to | |
13 | comp.lang.perl.misc. It is available on many web sites: | |
14 | http://www.perldoc.com/ and http://faq.perl.org/ | |
15 | ||
16 | =head2 How to contribute to the perlfaq | |
17 | ||
18 | You may mail corrections, additions, and suggestions to | |
19 | perlfaq-workers@perl.org . This alias should not be used to | |
20 | I<ask> FAQs. It's for fixing the current FAQ. Send | |
21 | questions to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup. You can | |
22 | view the source tree at http://cvs.perl.org/cvsweb/perlfaq/ | |
23 | (which is outside of the main Perl source tree). The CVS | |
24 | repository notes all changes to the FAQ. | |
25 | ||
26 | =head2 What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors | |
27 | ||
28 | Your questions will probably go unread, unless they're | |
29 | suggestions of new questions to add to the FAQ, in which | |
30 | case they should have gone to the perlfaq-workers@perl.org | |
31 | instead. | |
32 | ||
33 | You should have read section 2 of this faq. There you would | |
34 | have learned that comp.lang.perl.misc is the appropriate | |
35 | place to go for free advice. If your question is really | |
36 | important and you require a prompt and correct answer, you | |
37 | should hire a consultant. | |
38 | ||
39 | =head1 Credits | |
40 | ||
41 | The original perlfaq was written by Tom Christiansen, then expanded | |
42 | by collaboration between Tom and Nathan Torkington. The current | |
43 | document is maintained by the perlfaq-workers (perlfaq-workers@perl.org). | |
44 | Several people have contributed answers, corrections, and comments. | |
45 | ||
46 | =head1 Author and Copyright Information | |
47 | ||
48 | Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Tom Christiansen, Nathan Torkington, and | |
49 | other contributors noted in the answers. | |
50 | ||
51 | All rights reserved. | |
52 | ||
53 | =head2 Bundled Distributions | |
54 | ||
55 | This documentation is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
56 | under the same terms as Perl itself. | |
57 | ||
58 | Irrespective of its distribution, all code examples in these files | |
59 | are hereby placed into the public domain. You are permitted and | |
60 | encouraged to use this code in your own programs for fun | |
61 | or for profit as you see fit. A simple comment in the code giving | |
62 | credit would be courteous but is not required. | |
63 | ||
64 | =head2 Disclaimer | |
65 | ||
66 | This information is offered in good faith and in the hope that it may | |
67 | be of use, but is not guaranteed to be correct, up to date, or suitable | |
68 | for any particular purpose whatsoever. The authors accept no liability | |
69 | in respect of this information or its use. | |
70 | ||
71 | =head1 Table of Contents | |
68dc0745 | 72 | |
40d4dc3e | 73 | =head2 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. |
68dc0745 | 74 | |
75 | This document. | |
76 | ||
40d4dc3e | 77 | =head2 L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl |
68dc0745 | 78 | |
ae3d0b9f | 79 | Very general, high-level questions about Perl. |
68dc0745 | 80 | |
65acb1b1 TC |
81 | =over 4 |
82 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
83 | =item * |
84 | ||
85 | What is Perl? | |
86 | ||
87 | =item * | |
88 | ||
89 | Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? | |
90 | ||
91 | =item * | |
92 | ||
93 | Which version of Perl should I use? | |
94 | ||
95 | =item * | |
96 | ||
97 | What are perl4 and perl5? | |
98 | ||
99 | =item * | |
100 | ||
101 | What is perl6? | |
65acb1b1 | 102 | |
40d4dc3e | 103 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 104 | |
40d4dc3e | 105 | How stable is Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 106 | |
40d4dc3e | 107 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 108 | |
40d4dc3e | 109 | Is Perl difficult to learn? |
65acb1b1 | 110 | |
40d4dc3e | 111 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 112 | |
40d4dc3e | 113 | How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? |
65acb1b1 | 114 | |
40d4dc3e | 115 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 116 | |
40d4dc3e | 117 | Can I do [task] in Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 118 | |
40d4dc3e | 119 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 120 | |
40d4dc3e | 121 | When shouldn't I program in Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 122 | |
40d4dc3e | 123 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 124 | |
40d4dc3e | 125 | What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? |
65acb1b1 | 126 | |
40d4dc3e | 127 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 128 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
129 | Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? |
130 | ||
131 | =item * | |
132 | ||
133 | What is a JAPH? | |
134 | ||
135 | =item * | |
136 | ||
137 | Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? | |
138 | ||
139 | =item * | |
140 | ||
ae3d0b9f | 141 | How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? |
65acb1b1 TC |
142 | |
143 | =back | |
144 | ||
145 | ||
40d4dc3e | 146 | =head2 L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl |
68dc0745 | 147 | |
ae3d0b9f | 148 | Where to find source and documentation for Perl, support, |
68dc0745 | 149 | and related matters. |
150 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
151 | =over 4 |
152 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
153 | =item * |
154 | ||
155 | What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? | |
156 | ||
157 | =item * | |
158 | ||
159 | How can I get a binary version of Perl? | |
65acb1b1 | 160 | |
40d4dc3e | 161 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 162 | |
40d4dc3e | 163 | I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? |
65acb1b1 | 164 | |
40d4dc3e | 165 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 166 | |
40d4dc3e | 167 | I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. |
65acb1b1 | 168 | |
40d4dc3e | 169 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 170 | |
40d4dc3e | 171 | I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? |
65acb1b1 | 172 | |
40d4dc3e | 173 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 174 | |
40d4dc3e | 175 | What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? |
65acb1b1 | 176 | |
40d4dc3e | 177 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 178 | |
40d4dc3e | 179 | Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 180 | |
40d4dc3e | 181 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 182 | |
40d4dc3e | 183 | Where can I get information on Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 184 | |
40d4dc3e | 185 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 186 | |
40d4dc3e | 187 | What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? |
65acb1b1 | 188 | |
40d4dc3e | 189 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 190 | |
40d4dc3e | 191 | Where should I post source code? |
65acb1b1 | 192 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
193 | =item * |
194 | ||
195 | Perl Books | |
196 | ||
197 | =item * | |
198 | ||
199 | Perl in Magazines | |
200 | ||
201 | =item * | |
202 | ||
203 | Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access | |
204 | ||
205 | =item * | |
206 | ||
207 | What mailing lists are there for Perl? | |
208 | ||
209 | =item * | |
210 | ||
211 | Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc | |
212 | ||
213 | =item * | |
214 | ||
215 | Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? | |
216 | ||
217 | =item * | |
218 | ||
219 | Where do I send bug reports? | |
220 | ||
221 | =item * | |
222 | ||
ae3d0b9f | 223 | What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? |
65acb1b1 TC |
224 | |
225 | =back | |
226 | ||
227 | ||
40d4dc3e | 228 | =head2 L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools |
68dc0745 | 229 | |
230 | Programmer tools and programming support. | |
231 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
232 | =over 4 |
233 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
234 | =item * |
235 | ||
236 | How do I do (anything)? | |
237 | ||
238 | =item * | |
239 | ||
240 | How can I use Perl interactively? | |
241 | ||
242 | =item * | |
65acb1b1 | 243 | |
40d4dc3e | 244 | Is there a Perl shell? |
65acb1b1 | 245 | |
40d4dc3e | 246 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 247 | |
49d635f9 RGS |
248 | How do I find which modules are installed on my system? |
249 | ||
250 | =item * | |
251 | ||
40d4dc3e | 252 | How do I debug my Perl programs? |
65acb1b1 | 253 | |
40d4dc3e | 254 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 255 | |
40d4dc3e | 256 | How do I profile my Perl programs? |
65acb1b1 | 257 | |
40d4dc3e | 258 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 259 | |
40d4dc3e | 260 | How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? |
65acb1b1 | 261 | |
40d4dc3e | 262 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 263 | |
40d4dc3e | 264 | Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 265 | |
40d4dc3e | 266 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 267 | |
40d4dc3e | 268 | Is there a ctags for Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 269 | |
40d4dc3e | 270 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 271 | |
40d4dc3e | 272 | Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? |
65acb1b1 | 273 | |
40d4dc3e | 274 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 275 | |
40d4dc3e | 276 | Where can I get Perl macros for vi? |
65acb1b1 | 277 | |
40d4dc3e | 278 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 279 | |
40d4dc3e | 280 | Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? |
65acb1b1 | 281 | |
40d4dc3e | 282 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 283 | |
40d4dc3e | 284 | How can I use curses with Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 285 | |
40d4dc3e | 286 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 287 | |
40d4dc3e | 288 | How can I use X or Tk with Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 289 | |
40d4dc3e | 290 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 291 | |
40d4dc3e | 292 | How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? |
65acb1b1 | 293 | |
40d4dc3e | 294 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 295 | |
40d4dc3e | 296 | How can I make my Perl program run faster? |
65acb1b1 | 297 | |
40d4dc3e | 298 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 299 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
300 | How can I make my Perl program take less memory? |
301 | ||
302 | =item * | |
303 | ||
49d635f9 | 304 | Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? |
40d4dc3e RB |
305 | |
306 | =item * | |
307 | ||
308 | How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? | |
309 | ||
310 | =item * | |
311 | ||
312 | How can I make my CGI script more efficient? | |
313 | ||
314 | =item * | |
315 | ||
316 | How can I hide the source for my Perl program? | |
317 | ||
318 | =item * | |
319 | ||
320 | How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? | |
321 | ||
322 | =item * | |
323 | ||
324 | How can I compile Perl into Java? | |
325 | ||
326 | =item * | |
327 | ||
328 | How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? | |
329 | ||
330 | =item * | |
331 | ||
332 | Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? | |
333 | ||
334 | =item * | |
335 | ||
336 | Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? | |
337 | ||
338 | =item * | |
339 | ||
340 | Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? | |
341 | ||
342 | =item * | |
343 | ||
344 | Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? | |
345 | ||
346 | =item * | |
347 | ||
348 | Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] | |
349 | ||
350 | =item * | |
351 | ||
352 | I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in | |
a6dd486b | 353 | my C program; what am I doing wrong? |
65acb1b1 | 354 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
355 | =item * |
356 | ||
ae3d0b9f | 357 | When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? |
65acb1b1 | 358 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
359 | =item * |
360 | ||
361 | What's MakeMaker? | |
65acb1b1 TC |
362 | |
363 | =back | |
364 | ||
365 | ||
40d4dc3e | 366 | =head2 L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation |
68dc0745 | 367 | |
368 | Manipulating numbers, dates, strings, arrays, hashes, and | |
369 | miscellaneous data issues. | |
370 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
371 | =over 4 |
372 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
373 | =item * |
374 | ||
375 | Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? | |
376 | ||
377 | =item * | |
378 | ||
379 | Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? | |
380 | ||
381 | =item * | |
382 | ||
383 | Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? | |
384 | ||
385 | =item * | |
386 | ||
ae3d0b9f | 387 | How do I convert between numeric representations? |
40d4dc3e RB |
388 | |
389 | =item * | |
390 | ||
391 | Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? | |
65acb1b1 | 392 | |
40d4dc3e | 393 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 394 | |
40d4dc3e | 395 | How do I multiply matrices? |
65acb1b1 | 396 | |
40d4dc3e | 397 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 398 | |
40d4dc3e | 399 | How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? |
65acb1b1 | 400 | |
40d4dc3e | 401 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 402 | |
40d4dc3e | 403 | How can I output Roman numerals? |
65acb1b1 | 404 | |
40d4dc3e | 405 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 406 | |
40d4dc3e | 407 | Why aren't my random numbers random? |
65acb1b1 | 408 | |
40d4dc3e | 409 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 410 | |
881bdbd4 JH |
411 | How do I get a random number between X and Y? |
412 | ||
413 | =item * | |
414 | ||
40d4dc3e | 415 | How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? |
d92eb7b0 | 416 | |
40d4dc3e | 417 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 418 | |
40d4dc3e | 419 | How do I find the current century or millennium? |
65acb1b1 | 420 | |
40d4dc3e | 421 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 422 | |
40d4dc3e | 423 | How can I compare two dates and find the difference? |
65acb1b1 | 424 | |
40d4dc3e | 425 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 426 | |
40d4dc3e | 427 | How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? |
65acb1b1 | 428 | |
40d4dc3e | 429 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 430 | |
40d4dc3e | 431 | How can I find the Julian Day? |
65acb1b1 | 432 | |
40d4dc3e | 433 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 434 | |
40d4dc3e | 435 | How do I find yesterday's date? |
65acb1b1 | 436 | |
40d4dc3e | 437 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 438 | |
40d4dc3e | 439 | Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? |
65acb1b1 | 440 | |
40d4dc3e | 441 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 442 | |
40d4dc3e | 443 | How do I validate input? |
65acb1b1 | 444 | |
40d4dc3e | 445 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 446 | |
40d4dc3e | 447 | How do I unescape a string? |
65acb1b1 | 448 | |
40d4dc3e | 449 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 450 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
451 | How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? |
452 | ||
453 | =item * | |
454 | ||
455 | How do I expand function calls in a string? | |
456 | ||
457 | =item * | |
458 | ||
459 | How do I find matching/nesting anything? | |
460 | ||
461 | =item * | |
462 | ||
463 | How do I reverse a string? | |
464 | ||
465 | =item * | |
466 | ||
467 | How do I expand tabs in a string? | |
468 | ||
469 | =item * | |
470 | ||
471 | How do I reformat a paragraph? | |
472 | ||
473 | =item * | |
474 | ||
49d635f9 | 475 | How can I access or change N characters of a string? |
40d4dc3e RB |
476 | |
477 | =item * | |
478 | ||
479 | How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? | |
480 | ||
481 | =item * | |
482 | ||
483 | How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? | |
484 | ||
485 | =item * | |
486 | ||
487 | How do I capitalize all the words on one line? | |
488 | ||
489 | =item * | |
490 | ||
49d635f9 | 491 | How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? |
65acb1b1 | 492 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
493 | =item * |
494 | ||
495 | How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? | |
496 | ||
497 | =item * | |
498 | ||
499 | How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? | |
500 | ||
501 | =item * | |
502 | ||
503 | How do I extract selected columns from a string? | |
504 | ||
505 | =item * | |
506 | ||
507 | How do I find the soundex value of a string? | |
508 | ||
509 | =item * | |
510 | ||
511 | How can I expand variables in text strings? | |
512 | ||
513 | =item * | |
514 | ||
515 | What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? | |
516 | ||
517 | =item * | |
518 | ||
04d666b1 | 519 | Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work? |
40d4dc3e RB |
520 | |
521 | =item * | |
522 | ||
523 | What is the difference between a list and an array? | |
524 | ||
525 | =item * | |
526 | ||
527 | What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? | |
528 | ||
529 | =item * | |
65acb1b1 | 530 | |
40d4dc3e | 531 | How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? |
65acb1b1 | 532 | |
40d4dc3e | 533 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 534 | |
ae3d0b9f | 535 | How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array? |
65acb1b1 | 536 | |
40d4dc3e | 537 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 538 | |
40d4dc3e | 539 | How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? |
65acb1b1 | 540 | |
40d4dc3e | 541 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 542 | |
40d4dc3e | 543 | How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? |
65acb1b1 | 544 | |
40d4dc3e | 545 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 546 | |
40d4dc3e | 547 | How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? |
65acb1b1 | 548 | |
40d4dc3e | 549 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 550 | |
40d4dc3e | 551 | How do I handle linked lists? |
65acb1b1 | 552 | |
40d4dc3e | 553 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 554 | |
40d4dc3e | 555 | How do I handle circular lists? |
65acb1b1 | 556 | |
40d4dc3e | 557 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 558 | |
40d4dc3e | 559 | How do I shuffle an array randomly? |
65acb1b1 | 560 | |
40d4dc3e | 561 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 562 | |
40d4dc3e | 563 | How do I process/modify each element of an array? |
65acb1b1 | 564 | |
40d4dc3e | 565 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 566 | |
40d4dc3e | 567 | How do I select a random element from an array? |
65acb1b1 | 568 | |
40d4dc3e | 569 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 570 | |
40d4dc3e | 571 | How do I permute N elements of a list? |
65acb1b1 | 572 | |
40d4dc3e | 573 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 574 | |
40d4dc3e | 575 | How do I sort an array by (anything)? |
65acb1b1 | 576 | |
40d4dc3e | 577 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 578 | |
40d4dc3e | 579 | How do I manipulate arrays of bits? |
65acb1b1 | 580 | |
40d4dc3e | 581 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 582 | |
40d4dc3e | 583 | Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? |
65acb1b1 | 584 | |
40d4dc3e | 585 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 586 | |
40d4dc3e | 587 | How do I process an entire hash? |
65acb1b1 | 588 | |
40d4dc3e | 589 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 590 | |
40d4dc3e | 591 | What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? |
65acb1b1 | 592 | |
40d4dc3e | 593 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 594 | |
40d4dc3e | 595 | How do I look up a hash element by value? |
65acb1b1 | 596 | |
40d4dc3e | 597 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 598 | |
40d4dc3e | 599 | How can I know how many entries are in a hash? |
65acb1b1 | 600 | |
40d4dc3e | 601 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 602 | |
40d4dc3e | 603 | How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? |
65acb1b1 | 604 | |
40d4dc3e | 605 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 606 | |
40d4dc3e | 607 | How can I always keep my hash sorted? |
65acb1b1 | 608 | |
40d4dc3e | 609 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 610 | |
40d4dc3e | 611 | What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? |
65acb1b1 | 612 | |
40d4dc3e | 613 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 614 | |
40d4dc3e | 615 | Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? |
65acb1b1 | 616 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
617 | =item * |
618 | ||
619 | How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? | |
620 | ||
621 | =item * | |
622 | ||
623 | How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? | |
624 | ||
625 | =item * | |
626 | ||
627 | How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? | |
628 | ||
629 | =item * | |
630 | ||
631 | How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? | |
632 | ||
633 | =item * | |
634 | ||
635 | Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? | |
636 | ||
637 | =item * | |
638 | ||
639 | How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? | |
640 | ||
641 | =item * | |
642 | ||
643 | How can I use a reference as a hash key? | |
644 | ||
645 | =item * | |
646 | ||
647 | How do I handle binary data correctly? | |
648 | ||
649 | =item * | |
650 | ||
651 | How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? | |
652 | ||
653 | =item * | |
654 | ||
655 | How do I keep persistent data across program calls? | |
656 | ||
657 | =item * | |
658 | ||
659 | How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? | |
660 | ||
661 | =item * | |
662 | ||
663 | How do I define methods for every class/object? | |
664 | ||
665 | =item * | |
666 | ||
667 | How do I verify a credit card checksum? | |
668 | ||
669 | =item * | |
670 | ||
671 | How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? | |
65acb1b1 TC |
672 | |
673 | =back | |
674 | ||
675 | ||
40d4dc3e | 676 | =head2 L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats |
68dc0745 | 677 | |
ae3d0b9f | 678 | I/O and the "f" issues: filehandles, flushing, formats, and footers. |
68dc0745 | 679 | |
65acb1b1 TC |
680 | =over 4 |
681 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
682 | =item * |
683 | ||
684 | How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? | |
685 | ||
686 | =item * | |
687 | ||
688 | How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? | |
689 | ||
690 | =item * | |
691 | ||
692 | How do I count the number of lines in a file? | |
693 | ||
694 | =item * | |
695 | ||
49d635f9 RGS |
696 | How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program? |
697 | ||
698 | =item * | |
699 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
700 | How do I make a temporary file name? |
701 | ||
702 | =item * | |
703 | ||
704 | How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? | |
705 | ||
706 | =item * | |
65acb1b1 | 707 | |
40d4dc3e | 708 | How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? |
65acb1b1 | 709 | |
40d4dc3e | 710 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 711 | |
40d4dc3e | 712 | How can I use a filehandle indirectly? |
65acb1b1 | 713 | |
40d4dc3e | 714 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 715 | |
40d4dc3e | 716 | How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? |
65acb1b1 | 717 | |
40d4dc3e | 718 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 719 | |
40d4dc3e | 720 | How can I write() into a string? |
65acb1b1 | 721 | |
40d4dc3e | 722 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 723 | |
40d4dc3e | 724 | How can I output my numbers with commas added? |
65acb1b1 | 725 | |
40d4dc3e | 726 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 727 | |
40d4dc3e | 728 | How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? |
65acb1b1 | 729 | |
40d4dc3e | 730 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 731 | |
40d4dc3e | 732 | How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? |
65acb1b1 | 733 | |
40d4dc3e | 734 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 735 | |
04d666b1 | 736 | Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use E<lt>*E<gt>? |
65acb1b1 | 737 | |
40d4dc3e | 738 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 739 | |
40d4dc3e | 740 | Is there a leak/bug in glob()? |
65acb1b1 | 741 | |
40d4dc3e | 742 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 743 | |
40d4dc3e | 744 | How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? |
65acb1b1 | 745 | |
40d4dc3e | 746 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 747 | |
40d4dc3e | 748 | How can I reliably rename a file? |
65acb1b1 | 749 | |
40d4dc3e | 750 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 751 | |
40d4dc3e | 752 | How can I lock a file? |
d92eb7b0 | 753 | |
40d4dc3e | 754 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 755 | |
04d666b1 | 756 | Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")? |
65acb1b1 | 757 | |
40d4dc3e | 758 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 759 | |
40d4dc3e | 760 | I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? |
65acb1b1 | 761 | |
40d4dc3e | 762 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 763 | |
f52f3be2 | 764 | All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking? |
05caf3a7 GJ |
765 | |
766 | =item * | |
767 | ||
40d4dc3e | 768 | How do I randomly update a binary file? |
65acb1b1 | 769 | |
40d4dc3e | 770 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 771 | |
40d4dc3e | 772 | How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? |
65acb1b1 | 773 | |
40d4dc3e | 774 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 775 | |
40d4dc3e | 776 | How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? |
65acb1b1 | 777 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
778 | =item * |
779 | ||
780 | How do I print to more than one file at once? | |
781 | ||
782 | =item * | |
783 | ||
784 | How can I read in an entire file all at once? | |
785 | ||
786 | =item * | |
787 | ||
788 | How can I read in a file by paragraphs? | |
789 | ||
790 | =item * | |
791 | ||
792 | How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? | |
793 | ||
794 | =item * | |
795 | ||
796 | How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? | |
797 | ||
798 | =item * | |
799 | ||
800 | How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl? | |
801 | ||
802 | =item * | |
803 | ||
804 | How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? | |
805 | ||
806 | =item * | |
807 | ||
808 | How do I close a file descriptor by number? | |
809 | ||
810 | =item * | |
811 | ||
812 | Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work? | |
813 | ||
814 | =item * | |
815 | ||
816 | Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? | |
817 | ||
818 | =item * | |
819 | ||
820 | Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? | |
821 | ||
822 | =item * | |
823 | ||
824 | How do I select a random line from a file? | |
825 | ||
826 | =item * | |
827 | ||
828 | Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? | |
65acb1b1 TC |
829 | |
830 | =back | |
831 | ||
832 | ||
ae3d0b9f | 833 | =head2 L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions |
68dc0745 | 834 | |
835 | Pattern matching and regular expressions. | |
836 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
837 | =over 4 |
838 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
839 | =item * |
840 | ||
841 | How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? | |
842 | ||
843 | =item * | |
844 | ||
845 | I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? | |
846 | ||
847 | =item * | |
848 | ||
849 | How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? | |
850 | ||
851 | =item * | |
852 | ||
853 | I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? | |
854 | ||
855 | =item * | |
856 | ||
857 | How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? | |
858 | ||
859 | =item * | |
860 | ||
861 | How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? | |
862 | ||
863 | =item * | |
864 | ||
865 | How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>? | |
65acb1b1 | 866 | |
40d4dc3e | 867 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 868 | |
40d4dc3e | 869 | How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? |
65acb1b1 | 870 | |
40d4dc3e | 871 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 872 | |
40d4dc3e | 873 | What is C</o> really for? |
65acb1b1 | 874 | |
40d4dc3e | 875 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 876 | |
40d4dc3e | 877 | How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file? |
65acb1b1 | 878 | |
40d4dc3e | 879 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 880 | |
40d4dc3e | 881 | Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? |
65acb1b1 | 882 | |
40d4dc3e | 883 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 884 | |
40d4dc3e | 885 | What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? |
65acb1b1 | 886 | |
40d4dc3e | 887 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 888 | |
40d4dc3e | 889 | How do I process each word on each line? |
65acb1b1 | 890 | |
40d4dc3e | 891 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 892 | |
40d4dc3e | 893 | How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? |
65acb1b1 | 894 | |
40d4dc3e | 895 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 896 | |
40d4dc3e | 897 | How can I do approximate matching? |
65acb1b1 | 898 | |
40d4dc3e | 899 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 900 | |
40d4dc3e | 901 | How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? |
65acb1b1 | 902 | |
40d4dc3e | 903 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 904 | |
40d4dc3e | 905 | Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? |
65acb1b1 | 906 | |
40d4dc3e | 907 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 908 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
909 | Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? |
910 | ||
911 | =item * | |
912 | ||
913 | What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? | |
914 | ||
915 | =item * | |
916 | ||
917 | Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? | |
918 | ||
919 | =item * | |
920 | ||
921 | What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? | |
922 | ||
923 | =item * | |
924 | ||
925 | How can I match strings with multibyte characters? | |
926 | ||
927 | =item * | |
928 | ||
929 | How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? | |
65acb1b1 TC |
930 | |
931 | =back | |
932 | ||
933 | ||
40d4dc3e | 934 | =head2 L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues |
68dc0745 | 935 | |
936 | General Perl language issues that don't clearly fit into any of the | |
937 | other sections. | |
938 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
939 | =over 4 |
940 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
941 | =item * |
942 | ||
943 | Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? | |
944 | ||
945 | =item * | |
946 | ||
947 | What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them? | |
948 | ||
949 | =item * | |
950 | ||
951 | Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? | |
952 | ||
953 | =item * | |
954 | ||
955 | How do I skip some return values? | |
956 | ||
957 | =item * | |
958 | ||
959 | How do I temporarily block warnings? | |
960 | ||
961 | =item * | |
962 | ||
963 | What's an extension? | |
964 | ||
965 | =item * | |
966 | ||
967 | Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? | |
968 | ||
969 | =item * | |
970 | ||
971 | How do I declare/create a structure? | |
972 | ||
973 | =item * | |
974 | ||
975 | How do I create a module? | |
976 | ||
977 | =item * | |
978 | ||
979 | How do I create a class? | |
980 | ||
981 | =item * | |
982 | ||
983 | How can I tell if a variable is tainted? | |
984 | ||
985 | =item * | |
986 | ||
987 | What's a closure? | |
988 | ||
989 | =item * | |
990 | ||
991 | What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? | |
992 | ||
993 | =item * | |
994 | ||
995 | How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? | |
65acb1b1 | 996 | |
40d4dc3e | 997 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 998 | |
40d4dc3e | 999 | How do I create a static variable? |
65acb1b1 | 1000 | |
40d4dc3e | 1001 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1002 | |
40d4dc3e | 1003 | What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()? |
65acb1b1 | 1004 | |
40d4dc3e | 1005 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1006 | |
40d4dc3e | 1007 | How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? |
65acb1b1 | 1008 | |
40d4dc3e | 1009 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1010 | |
40d4dc3e | 1011 | What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? |
65acb1b1 | 1012 | |
40d4dc3e | 1013 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1014 | |
04d666b1 | 1015 | Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right? |
65acb1b1 | 1016 | |
40d4dc3e | 1017 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1018 | |
40d4dc3e | 1019 | How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? |
65acb1b1 | 1020 | |
40d4dc3e | 1021 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1022 | |
40d4dc3e | 1023 | What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? |
65acb1b1 | 1024 | |
40d4dc3e | 1025 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1026 | |
40d4dc3e | 1027 | How do I create a switch or case statement? |
65acb1b1 | 1028 | |
40d4dc3e | 1029 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1030 | |
49d635f9 | 1031 | How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods? |
65acb1b1 | 1032 | |
40d4dc3e | 1033 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1034 | |
40d4dc3e | 1035 | Why can't a method included in this same file be found? |
65acb1b1 | 1036 | |
40d4dc3e | 1037 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1038 | |
40d4dc3e | 1039 | How can I find out my current package? |
65acb1b1 | 1040 | |
40d4dc3e | 1041 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1042 | |
40d4dc3e | 1043 | How can I comment out a large block of perl code? |
65acb1b1 | 1044 | |
40d4dc3e | 1045 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1046 | |
40d4dc3e | 1047 | How do I clear a package? |
65acb1b1 | 1048 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
1049 | =item * |
1050 | ||
1051 | How can I use a variable as a variable name? | |
d92eb7b0 | 1052 | |
65acb1b1 TC |
1053 | =back |
1054 | ||
1055 | ||
40d4dc3e | 1056 | =head2 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction |
68dc0745 | 1057 | |
1058 | Interprocess communication (IPC), control over the user-interface | |
1059 | (keyboard, screen and pointing devices). | |
1060 | ||
65acb1b1 TC |
1061 | =over 4 |
1062 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
1063 | =item * |
1064 | ||
1065 | How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? | |
1066 | ||
1067 | =item * | |
1068 | ||
1069 | How come exec() doesn't return? | |
1070 | ||
1071 | =item * | |
1072 | ||
1073 | How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? | |
1074 | ||
1075 | =item * | |
1076 | ||
1077 | How do I print something out in color? | |
1078 | ||
1079 | =item * | |
1080 | ||
1081 | How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? | |
1082 | ||
1083 | =item * | |
1084 | ||
1085 | How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? | |
1086 | ||
1087 | =item * | |
1088 | ||
1089 | How do I clear the screen? | |
1090 | ||
1091 | =item * | |
1092 | ||
1093 | How do I get the screen size? | |
1094 | ||
1095 | =item * | |
1096 | ||
1097 | How do I ask the user for a password? | |
1098 | ||
1099 | =item * | |
1100 | ||
1101 | How do I read and write the serial port? | |
1102 | ||
1103 | =item * | |
1104 | ||
1105 | How do I decode encrypted password files? | |
1106 | ||
1107 | =item * | |
1108 | ||
1109 | How do I start a process in the background? | |
1110 | ||
1111 | =item * | |
1112 | ||
1113 | How do I trap control characters/signals? | |
1114 | ||
1115 | =item * | |
1116 | ||
1117 | How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? | |
1118 | ||
1119 | =item * | |
1120 | ||
1121 | How do I set the time and date? | |
1122 | ||
1123 | =item * | |
1124 | ||
1125 | How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? | |
1126 | ||
1127 | =item * | |
1128 | ||
1129 | How can I measure time under a second? | |
1130 | ||
1131 | =item * | |
1132 | ||
1133 | How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) | |
1134 | ||
1135 | =item * | |
1136 | ||
1137 | Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? | |
65acb1b1 | 1138 | |
40d4dc3e | 1139 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1140 | |
40d4dc3e | 1141 | How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 1142 | |
40d4dc3e | 1143 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1144 | |
40d4dc3e | 1145 | Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? |
65acb1b1 | 1146 | |
40d4dc3e | 1147 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1148 | |
40d4dc3e | 1149 | Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? |
65acb1b1 | 1150 | |
40d4dc3e | 1151 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1152 | |
40d4dc3e | 1153 | How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? |
65acb1b1 | 1154 | |
40d4dc3e | 1155 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1156 | |
40d4dc3e | 1157 | Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? |
65acb1b1 | 1158 | |
40d4dc3e | 1159 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1160 | |
40d4dc3e | 1161 | How can I capture STDERR from an external command? |
65acb1b1 | 1162 | |
40d4dc3e | 1163 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1164 | |
40d4dc3e | 1165 | Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? |
65acb1b1 | 1166 | |
40d4dc3e | 1167 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1168 | |
40d4dc3e | 1169 | What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? |
65acb1b1 | 1170 | |
40d4dc3e | 1171 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1172 | |
40d4dc3e | 1173 | How can I call backticks without shell processing? |
65acb1b1 | 1174 | |
40d4dc3e | 1175 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1176 | |
40d4dc3e | 1177 | Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)? |
65acb1b1 | 1178 | |
40d4dc3e | 1179 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1180 | |
40d4dc3e | 1181 | How can I convert my shell script to perl? |
65acb1b1 | 1182 | |
40d4dc3e | 1183 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1184 | |
40d4dc3e | 1185 | Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? |
65acb1b1 | 1186 | |
40d4dc3e | 1187 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1188 | |
40d4dc3e | 1189 | How can I write expect in Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 1190 | |
40d4dc3e | 1191 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1192 | |
40d4dc3e | 1193 | Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"? |
65acb1b1 | 1194 | |
40d4dc3e | 1195 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1196 | |
40d4dc3e | 1197 | I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible? |
65acb1b1 | 1198 | |
40d4dc3e | 1199 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1200 | |
40d4dc3e | 1201 | How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete? |
65acb1b1 | 1202 | |
40d4dc3e | 1203 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1204 | |
40d4dc3e | 1205 | How do I fork a daemon process? |
65acb1b1 | 1206 | |
40d4dc3e | 1207 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1208 | |
40d4dc3e | 1209 | How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? |
65acb1b1 | 1210 | |
40d4dc3e | 1211 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1212 | |
40d4dc3e | 1213 | How do I timeout a slow event? |
65acb1b1 | 1214 | |
40d4dc3e | 1215 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1216 | |
40d4dc3e | 1217 | How do I set CPU limits? |
65acb1b1 | 1218 | |
40d4dc3e | 1219 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1220 | |
40d4dc3e | 1221 | How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? |
65acb1b1 | 1222 | |
40d4dc3e | 1223 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1224 | |
40d4dc3e | 1225 | How do I use an SQL database? |
65acb1b1 | 1226 | |
40d4dc3e | 1227 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1228 | |
40d4dc3e | 1229 | How do I make a system() exit on control-C? |
65acb1b1 | 1230 | |
40d4dc3e | 1231 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1232 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
1233 | How do I open a file without blocking? |
1234 | ||
1235 | =item * | |
1236 | ||
1237 | How do I install a module from CPAN? | |
1238 | ||
1239 | =item * | |
1240 | ||
1241 | What's the difference between require and use? | |
1242 | ||
1243 | =item * | |
1244 | ||
1245 | How do I keep my own module/library directory? | |
1246 | ||
1247 | =item * | |
1248 | ||
1249 | How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? | |
1250 | ||
1251 | =item * | |
1252 | ||
1253 | How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? | |
1254 | ||
1255 | =item * | |
1256 | ||
1257 | What is socket.ph and where do I get it? | |
65acb1b1 TC |
1258 | |
1259 | =back | |
1260 | ||
1261 | ||
40d4dc3e | 1262 | =head2 L<perlfaq9>: Networking |
68dc0745 | 1263 | |
ae3d0b9f | 1264 | Networking, the internet, and a few on the web. |
68dc0745 | 1265 | |
65acb1b1 TC |
1266 | =over 4 |
1267 | ||
40d4dc3e | 1268 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1269 | |
ae3d0b9f JH |
1270 | What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? |
1271 | ||
1272 | =item * | |
1273 | ||
40d4dc3e | 1274 | My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) |
65acb1b1 | 1275 | |
40d4dc3e | 1276 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1277 | |
40d4dc3e | 1278 | How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? |
65acb1b1 | 1279 | |
40d4dc3e | 1280 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1281 | |
40d4dc3e | 1282 | How do I remove HTML from a string? |
65acb1b1 | 1283 | |
40d4dc3e | 1284 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1285 | |
40d4dc3e | 1286 | How do I extract URLs? |
65acb1b1 | 1287 | |
40d4dc3e | 1288 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1289 | |
40d4dc3e | 1290 | How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine? |
65acb1b1 | 1291 | |
40d4dc3e | 1292 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1293 | |
40d4dc3e | 1294 | How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? |
65acb1b1 | 1295 | |
40d4dc3e | 1296 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1297 | |
40d4dc3e | 1298 | How do I fetch an HTML file? |
65acb1b1 | 1299 | |
40d4dc3e | 1300 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1301 | |
40d4dc3e | 1302 | How do I automate an HTML form submission? |
65acb1b1 | 1303 | |
40d4dc3e | 1304 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1305 | |
40d4dc3e | 1306 | How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? |
65acb1b1 | 1307 | |
40d4dc3e | 1308 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1309 | |
40d4dc3e | 1310 | How do I redirect to another page? |
65acb1b1 | 1311 | |
40d4dc3e | 1312 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1313 | |
40d4dc3e | 1314 | How do I put a password on my web pages? |
65acb1b1 | 1315 | |
40d4dc3e | 1316 | =item * |
65acb1b1 | 1317 | |
40d4dc3e | 1318 | How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? |
65acb1b1 | 1319 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
1320 | =item * |
1321 | ||
1322 | How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things? | |
1323 | ||
1324 | =item * | |
1325 | ||
1326 | How do I parse a mail header? | |
1327 | ||
1328 | =item * | |
1329 | ||
1330 | How do I decode a CGI form? | |
1331 | ||
1332 | =item * | |
65acb1b1 | 1333 | |
40d4dc3e RB |
1334 | How do I check a valid mail address? |
1335 | ||
1336 | =item * | |
1337 | ||
1338 | How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? | |
1339 | ||
1340 | =item * | |
1341 | ||
1342 | How do I return the user's mail address? | |
1343 | ||
1344 | =item * | |
1345 | ||
1346 | How do I send mail? | |
1347 | ||
1348 | =item * | |
1349 | ||
ae3d0b9f JH |
1350 | How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? |
1351 | ||
1352 | =item * | |
1353 | ||
40d4dc3e RB |
1354 | How do I read mail? |
1355 | ||
1356 | =item * | |
1357 | ||
1358 | How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? | |
1359 | ||
1360 | =item * | |
1361 | ||
1362 | How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? | |
1363 | ||
1364 | =item * | |
1365 | ||
1366 | How do I fetch/put an FTP file? | |
1367 | ||
1368 | =item * | |
1369 | ||
1370 | How can I do RPC in Perl? | |
65acb1b1 | 1371 | |
68dc0745 | 1372 | =back |
1373 | ||
40d4dc3e | 1374 |