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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | ||
3 | perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules | |
4 | ||
5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
6 | ||
7 | You can think of a module as the fundamental unit of reusable Perl | |
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8 | code; see L<perlmod> for details. Whenever anyone creates a chunk of |
9 | Perl code that they think will be useful to the world, they register | |
a74498e7 | 10 | as a Perl developer at http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html |
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11 | so that they can then upload their code to the CPAN. The CPAN is the |
12 | Comprehensive Perl Archive Network and can be accessed at | |
91826056 | 13 | http://www.cpan.org/ , and searched at http://search.cpan.org/ . |
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14 | |
15 | This documentation is for people who want to download CPAN modules | |
16 | and install them on their own computer. | |
17 | ||
18 | =head2 PREAMBLE | |
19 | ||
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20 | First, are you sure that the module isn't already on your system? Try |
21 | C<perl -MFoo -e 1>. (Replace "Foo" with the name of the module; for | |
91826056 | 22 | instance, C<perl -MCGI::Carp -e 1>. |
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23 | |
24 | If you don't see an error message, you have the module. (If you do | |
25 | see an error message, it's still possible you have the module, but | |
26 | that it's not in your path, which you can display with C<perl -e | |
27 | "print qq(@INC)">.) For the remainder of this document, we'll assume | |
28 | that you really honestly truly lack an installed module, but have | |
29 | found it on the CPAN. | |
30 | ||
31 | So now you have a file ending in .tar.gz (or, less often, .zip). You | |
32 | know there's a tasty module inside. There are four steps you must now | |
33 | take: | |
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34 | |
35 | =over 5 | |
36 | ||
37 | =item B<DECOMPRESS> the file | |
637e9122 | 38 | |
fb9cefb4 | 39 | =item B<UNPACK> the file into a directory |
637e9122 | 40 | |
fb9cefb4 | 41 | =item B<BUILD> the module (sometimes unnecessary) |
637e9122 | 42 | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
43 | =item B<INSTALL> the module. |
44 | ||
45 | =back | |
46 | ||
47 | Here's how to perform each step for each operating system. This is | |
91826056 | 48 | <not> a substitute for reading the README and INSTALL files that |
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49 | might have come with your module! |
50 | ||
51 | Also note that these instructions are tailored for installing the | |
ac036724 | 52 | module into your system's repository of Perl modules, but you can |
fb9cefb4 | 53 | install modules into any directory you wish. For instance, where I |
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54 | say C<perl Makefile.PL>, you can substitute C<perl Makefile.PL |
55 | PREFIX=/my/perl_directory> to install the modules into | |
56 | C</my/perl_directory>. Then you can use the modules from your Perl | |
57 | programs with C<use lib "/my/perl_directory/lib/site_perl";> or | |
58 | sometimes just C<use "/my/perl_directory";>. If you're on a system | |
59 | that requires superuser/root access to install modules into the | |
60 | directories you see when you type C<perl -e "print qq(@INC)">, you'll | |
61 | want to install them into a local directory (such as your home | |
91826056 | 62 | directory) and use this approach. |
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63 | |
64 | =over 4 | |
65 | ||
66 | =item * | |
67 | ||
8e30f651 | 68 | B<If you're on a Unix or Unix-like system,> |
fb9cefb4 | 69 | |
91826056 JH |
70 | You can use Andreas Koenig's CPAN module |
71 | ( http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/CPAN ) | |
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72 | to automate the following steps, from DECOMPRESS through INSTALL. |
73 | ||
91826056 | 74 | A. DECOMPRESS |
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75 | |
76 | Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz> | |
77 | ||
1577cd80 | 78 | You can get gzip from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/ |
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79 | |
80 | Or, you can combine this step with the next to save disk space: | |
81 | ||
82 | gzip -dc yourmodule.tar.gz | tar -xof - | |
83 | ||
84 | B. UNPACK | |
85 | ||
86 | Unpack the result with C<tar -xof yourmodule.tar> | |
87 | ||
88 | C. BUILD | |
89 | ||
90 | Go into the newly-created directory and type: | |
91 | ||
92 | perl Makefile.PL | |
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93 | make test |
94 | ||
91826056 | 95 | or |
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96 | |
97 | perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/my/perl_directory | |
98 | ||
99 | to install it locally. (Remember that if you do this, you'll have to | |
100 | put C<use lib "/my/perl_directory";> near the top of the program that | |
101 | is to use this module. | |
102 | ||
fb9cefb4 GS |
103 | D. INSTALL |
104 | ||
105 | While still in that directory, type: | |
106 | ||
107 | make install | |
108 | ||
b3539c74 | 109 | Make sure you have the appropriate permissions to install the module |
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110 | in your Perl 5 library directory. Often, you'll need to be root. |
111 | ||
112 | That's all you need to do on Unix systems with dynamic linking. | |
ac036724 | 113 | Most Unix systems have dynamic linking. If yours doesn't, or if for |
b3539c74 | 114 | another reason you have a statically-linked perl, B<and> the |
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115 | module requires compilation, you'll need to build a new Perl binary |
116 | that includes the module. Again, you'll probably need to be root. | |
117 | ||
118 | =item * | |
119 | ||
b3539c74 JH |
120 | B<If you're running ActivePerl (Win95/98/2K/NT/XP, Linux, Solaris)> |
121 | ||
122 | First, type C<ppm> from a shell and see whether ActiveState's PPM | |
123 | repository has your module. If so, you can install it with C<ppm> and | |
124 | you won't have to bother with any of the other steps here. You might | |
125 | be able to use the CPAN instructions from the "Unix or Linux" section | |
126 | above as well; give it a try. Otherwise, you'll have to follow the | |
127 | steps below. | |
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128 | |
129 | A. DECOMPRESS | |
130 | ||
b3539c74 | 131 | You can use the shareware Winzip ( http://www.winzip.com ) to |
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132 | decompress and unpack modules. |
133 | ||
134 | B. UNPACK | |
135 | ||
136 | If you used WinZip, this was already done for you. | |
137 | ||
138 | C. BUILD | |
139 | ||
376270a4 | 140 | You'll need the C<nmake> utility, available at |
cb9857f1 | 141 | http://download.microsoft.com/download/vc15/Patch/1.52/W95/EN-US/nmake15.exe |
376270a4 MS |
142 | or dmake, available on CPAN. |
143 | http://search.cpan.org/dist/dmake/ | |
144 | ||
145 | Does the module require compilation (i.e. does it have files that end | |
146 | in .xs, .c, .h, .y, .cc, .cxx, or .C)? If it does, life is now | |
147 | officially tough for you, because you have to compile the module | |
ac036724 | 148 | yourself (no easy feat on Windows). You'll need a compiler such as |
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149 | Visual C++. Alternatively, you can download a pre-built PPM package |
150 | from ActiveState. | |
151 | http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/PPM/ | |
152 | ||
153 | Go into the newly-created directory and type: | |
154 | ||
155 | perl Makefile.PL | |
156 | nmake test | |
157 | ||
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158 | |
159 | D. INSTALL | |
160 | ||
376270a4 | 161 | While still in that directory, type: |
fb9cefb4 | 162 | |
376270a4 | 163 | nmake install |
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164 | |
165 | =item * | |
166 | ||
8e30f651 | 167 | B<If you're using a Macintosh with "Classic" MacOS and MacPerl,> |
fb9cefb4 | 168 | |
b3539c74 | 169 | |
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170 | A. DECOMPRESS |
171 | ||
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172 | First, make sure you have the latest B<cpan-mac> distribution ( |
173 | http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/CNANDOR/ ), which has utilities for | |
174 | doing all of the steps. Read the cpan-mac directions carefully and | |
175 | install it. If you choose not to use cpan-mac for some reason, there | |
176 | are alternatives listed here. | |
be94a901 | 177 | |
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178 | After installing cpan-mac, drop the module archive on the |
179 | B<untarzipme> droplet, which will decompress and unpack for you. | |
be94a901 | 180 | |
24dc5443 | 181 | B<Or>, you can either use the shareware B<StuffIt Expander> program |
250a49b3 | 182 | ( http://my.smithmicro.com/mac/stuffit/ ) |
19799a22 | 183 | or the freeware B<MacGzip> program ( |
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184 | http://persephone.cps.unizar.es/general/gente/spd/gzip/gzip.html ). |
185 | ||
186 | B. UNPACK | |
187 | ||
24dc5443 JH |
188 | If you're using untarzipme or StuffIt, the archive should be extracted |
189 | now. B<Or>, you can use the freeware B<suntar> or I<Tar> ( | |
6cecdcac | 190 | http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/cmp/ ). |
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191 | |
192 | C. BUILD | |
193 | ||
24dc5443 JH |
194 | Check the contents of the distribution. |
195 | Read the module's documentation, looking for | |
196 | reasons why you might have trouble using it with MacPerl. Look for | |
197 | F<.xs> and F<.c> files, which normally denote that the distribution | |
198 | must be compiled, and you cannot install it "out of the box." | |
199 | (See L<"PORTABILITY">.) | |
200 | ||
24dc5443 | 201 | D. INSTALL |
fb9cefb4 | 202 | |
24dc5443 JH |
203 | If you are using cpan-mac, just drop the folder on the |
204 | B<installme> droplet, and use the module. | |
fb9cefb4 | 205 | |
24dc5443 | 206 | B<Or>, if you aren't using cpan-mac, do some manual labor. |
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207 | |
208 | Make sure the newlines for the modules are in Mac format, not Unix format. | |
be94a901 GS |
209 | If they are not then you might have decompressed them incorrectly. Check |
210 | your decompression and unpacking utilities settings to make sure they are | |
211 | translating text files properly. | |
7711098a | 212 | |
24dc5443 | 213 | As a last resort, you can use the perl one-liner: |
19799a22 | 214 | |
24dc5443 | 215 | perl -i.bak -pe 's/(?:\015)?\012/\015/g' <filenames> |
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216 | |
217 | on the source files. | |
be94a901 | 218 | |
24dc5443 JH |
219 | Then move the files (probably just the F<.pm> files, though there |
220 | may be some additional ones, too; check the module documentation) | |
221 | to their final destination: This will | |
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222 | most likely be in C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:> (i.e., |
223 | C<HD:MacPerl folder:site_lib:>). You can add new paths to | |
224 | the default C<@INC> in the Preferences menu item in the | |
225 | MacPerl application (C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:> is added | |
226 | automagically). Create whatever directory structures are required | |
227 | (i.e., for C<Some::Module>, create | |
228 | C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:Some:> and put | |
229 | C<Module.pm> in that directory). | |
230 | ||
24dc5443 | 231 | Then run the following script (or something like it): |
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232 | |
233 | #!perl -w | |
234 | use AutoSplit; | |
235 | my $dir = "${MACPERL}site_perl"; | |
236 | autosplit("$dir:Some:Module.pm", "$dir:auto", 0, 1, 1); | |
237 | ||
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238 | =item * |
239 | ||
240 | B<If you're on the DJGPP port of DOS,> | |
241 | ||
242 | A. DECOMPRESS | |
243 | ||
eb863851 | 244 | djtarx ( ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2/ ) |
91826056 | 245 | will both uncompress and unpack. |
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246 | |
247 | B. UNPACK | |
248 | ||
249 | See above. | |
250 | ||
251 | C. BUILD | |
252 | ||
253 | Go into the newly-created directory and type: | |
254 | ||
255 | perl Makefile.PL | |
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256 | make test |
257 | ||
91826056 | 258 | You will need the packages mentioned in F<README.dos> |
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259 | in the Perl distribution. |
260 | ||
261 | D. INSTALL | |
262 | ||
263 | While still in that directory, type: | |
264 | ||
b3539c74 | 265 | make install |
91826056 JH |
266 | |
267 | You will need the packages mentioned in F<README.dos> in the Perl distribution. | |
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268 | |
269 | =item * | |
270 | ||
271 | B<If you're on OS/2,> | |
272 | ||
273 | Get the EMX development suite and gzip/tar, from either Hobbes ( | |
274 | http://hobbes.nmsu.edu ) or Leo ( http://www.leo.org ), and then follow | |
275 | the instructions for Unix. | |
276 | ||
277 | =item * | |
278 | ||
279 | B<If you're on VMS,> | |
280 | ||
b3539c74 JH |
281 | When downloading from CPAN, save your file with a C<.tgz> |
282 | extension instead of C<.tar.gz>. All other periods in the | |
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283 | filename should be replaced with underscores. For example, |
284 | C<Your-Module-1.33.tar.gz> should be downloaded as | |
285 | C<Your-Module-1_33.tgz>. | |
286 | ||
287 | A. DECOMPRESS | |
288 | ||
91826056 | 289 | Type |
fb9cefb4 GS |
290 | |
291 | gzip -d Your-Module.tgz | |
292 | ||
91826056 | 293 | or, for zipped modules, type |
fb9cefb4 GS |
294 | |
295 | unzip Your-Module.zip | |
296 | ||
91826056 JH |
297 | Executables for gzip, zip, and VMStar: |
298 | ||
05e8c65e | 299 | http://www.hp.com/go/openvms/freeware/ |
fb9cefb4 | 300 | |
91826056 JH |
301 | and their source code: |
302 | ||
303 | http://www.fsf.org/order/ftp.html | |
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304 | |
305 | Note that GNU's gzip/gunzip is not the same as Info-ZIP's zip/unzip | |
306 | package. The former is a simple compression tool; the latter permits | |
307 | creation of multi-file archives. | |
308 | ||
309 | B. UNPACK | |
310 | ||
311 | If you're using VMStar: | |
312 | ||
313 | VMStar xf Your-Module.tar | |
314 | ||
315 | Or, if you're fond of VMS command syntax: | |
316 | ||
317 | tar/extract/verbose Your_Module.tar | |
318 | ||
91826056 | 319 | C. BUILD |
fb9cefb4 | 320 | |
91826056 JH |
321 | Make sure you have MMS (from Digital) or the freeware MMK ( available |
322 | from MadGoat at http://www.madgoat.com ). Then type this to create | |
323 | the DESCRIP.MMS for the module: | |
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324 | |
325 | perl Makefile.PL | |
326 | ||
327 | Now you're ready to build: | |
328 | ||
fb9cefb4 GS |
329 | mms test |
330 | ||
331 | Substitute C<mmk> for C<mms> above if you're using MMK. | |
332 | ||
333 | D. INSTALL | |
334 | ||
91826056 | 335 | Type |
fb9cefb4 GS |
336 | |
337 | mms install | |
338 | ||
339 | Substitute C<mmk> for C<mms> above if you're using MMK. | |
340 | ||
341 | =item * | |
342 | ||
343 | B<If you're on MVS>, | |
344 | ||
91826056 | 345 | Introduce the F<.tar.gz> file into an HFS as binary; don't translate from |
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346 | ASCII to EBCDIC. |
347 | ||
91826056 | 348 | A. DECOMPRESS |
fb9cefb4 | 349 | |
07698885 | 350 | Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz> |
fb9cefb4 | 351 | |
07698885 RGS |
352 | You can get gzip from |
353 | http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxqp1.html | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
354 | |
355 | B. UNPACK | |
356 | ||
91826056 | 357 | Unpack the result with |
fb9cefb4 GS |
358 | |
359 | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < yourmodule.tar | |
360 | ||
361 | The BUILD and INSTALL steps are identical to those for Unix. Some | |
362 | modules generate Makefiles that work better with GNU make, which is | |
1577cd80 | 363 | available from http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/ |
fb9cefb4 GS |
364 | |
365 | =back | |
366 | ||
24dc5443 JH |
367 | =head1 PORTABILITY |
368 | ||
369 | Note that not all modules will work with on all platforms. | |
370 | See L<perlport> for more information on portability issues. | |
371 | Read the documentation to see if the module will work on your | |
372 | system. There are basically three categories | |
373 | of modules that will not work "out of the box" with all | |
374 | platforms (with some possibility of overlap): | |
375 | ||
376 | =over 4 | |
377 | ||
378 | =item * | |
379 | ||
380 | B<Those that should, but don't.> These need to be fixed; consider | |
381 | contacting the author and possibly writing a patch. | |
382 | ||
383 | =item * | |
384 | ||
385 | B<Those that need to be compiled, where the target platform | |
386 | doesn't have compilers readily available.> (These modules contain | |
387 | F<.xs> or F<.c> files, usually.) You might be able to find | |
388 | existing binaries on the CPAN or elsewhere, or you might | |
389 | want to try getting compilers and building it yourself, and then | |
390 | release the binary for other poor souls to use. | |
391 | ||
392 | =item * | |
393 | ||
394 | B<Those that are targeted at a specific platform.> | |
395 | (Such as the Win32:: modules.) If the module is targeted | |
396 | specifically at a platform other than yours, you're out | |
397 | of luck, most likely. | |
398 | ||
399 | =back | |
400 | ||
401 | ||
402 | ||
403 | Check the CPAN Testers if a module should work with your platform | |
404 | but it doesn't behave as you'd expect, or you aren't sure whether or | |
405 | not a module will work under your platform. If the module you want | |
406 | isn't listed there, you can test it yourself and let CPAN Testers know, | |
407 | you can join CPAN Testers, or you can request it be tested. | |
408 | ||
409 | http://testers.cpan.org/ | |
410 | ||
411 | ||
fb9cefb4 GS |
412 | =head1 HEY |
413 | ||
414 | If you have any suggested changes for this page, let me know. Please | |
415 | don't send me mail asking for help on how to install your modules. | |
416 | There are too many modules, and too few Orwants, for me to be able to | |
417 | answer or even acknowledge all your questions. Contact the module | |
418 | author instead, or post to comp.lang.perl.modules, or ask someone | |
419 | familiar with Perl on your operating system. | |
420 | ||
421 | =head1 AUTHOR | |
422 | ||
91826056 | 423 | Jon Orwant |
fb9cefb4 | 424 | |
8eabb633 | 425 | orwant@medita.mit.edu |
fb9cefb4 | 426 | |
b3539c74 JH |
427 | with invaluable help from Chris Nandor, and valuable help from Brandon |
428 | Allbery, Charles Bailey, Graham Barr, Dominic Dunlop, Jarkko | |
429 | Hietaniemi, Ben Holzman, Tom Horsley, Nick Ing-Simmons, Tuomas | |
430 | J. Lukka, Laszlo Molnar, Alan Olsen, Peter Prymmer, Gurusamy Sarathy, | |
431 | Christoph Spalinger, Dan Sugalski, Larry Virden, and Ilya Zakharevich. | |
fb9cefb4 | 432 | |
b3539c74 | 433 | First version July 22, 1998; last revised November 21, 2001. |
fb9cefb4 GS |
434 | |
435 | =head1 COPYRIGHT | |
436 | ||
376270a4 | 437 | Copyright (C) 1998, 2002, 2003 Jon Orwant. All Rights Reserved. |
fb9cefb4 | 438 | |
608704e1 | 439 | This document may be distributed under the same terms as Perl itself. |