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6055f9d4 1# Pod::Text -- Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text.
42ae9e1d 2# $Id: Text.pm,v 3.8 2006-09-16 20:55:41 eagle Exp $
6055f9d4 3#
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4# Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006
5# by Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>
6055f9d4 6#
3c014959 7# This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
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8# under the same terms as Perl itself.
9#
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10# This module converts POD to formatted text. It replaces the old Pod::Text
11# module that came with versions of Perl prior to 5.6.0 and attempts to match
12# its output except for some specific circumstances where other decisions
13# seemed to produce better output. It uses Pod::Parser and is designed to be
14# very easy to subclass.
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15#
16# Perl core hackers, please note that this module is also separately
17# maintained outside of the Perl core as part of the podlators. Please send
18# me any patches at the address above in addition to sending them to the
19# standard Perl mailing lists.
6055f9d4 20
3c014959 21##############################################################################
6055f9d4 22# Modules and declarations
3c014959 23##############################################################################
69e00e79 24
6055f9d4 25package Pod::Text;
69e00e79 26
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27require 5.004;
28
6055f9d4 29use strict;
2e20e14f 30use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT %ESCAPES $VERSION);
6055f9d4 31
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32use Carp qw(carp croak);
33use Exporter ();
34use Pod::Simple ();
35
36@ISA = qw(Pod::Simple Exporter);
6055f9d4 37
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38# We have to export pod2text for backward compatibility.
39@EXPORT = qw(pod2text);
40
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41# Don't use the CVS revision as the version, since this module is also in Perl
42# core and too many things could munge CVS magic revision strings. This
43# number should ideally be the same as the CVS revision in podlators, however.
42ae9e1d 44$VERSION = 3.08;
69e00e79 45
3c014959 46##############################################################################
6055f9d4 47# Initialization
3c014959 48##############################################################################
69e00e79 49
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50# This function handles code blocks. It's registered as a callback to
51# Pod::Simple and therefore doesn't work as a regular method call, but all it
52# does is call output_code with the line.
53sub handle_code {
54 my ($line, $number, $parser) = @_;
55 $parser->output_code ($line . "\n");
56}
57
58# Initialize the object and set various Pod::Simple options that we need.
59# Here, we also process any additional options passed to the constructor or
60# set up defaults if none were given. Note that all internal object keys are
61# in all-caps, reserving all lower-case object keys for Pod::Simple and user
62# arguments.
63sub new {
64 my $class = shift;
65 my $self = $class->SUPER::new;
66
67 # Tell Pod::Simple to handle S<> by automatically inserting &nbsp;.
68 $self->nbsp_for_S (1);
69
70 # Tell Pod::Simple to keep whitespace whenever possible.
71 if ($self->can ('preserve_whitespace')) {
72 $self->preserve_whitespace (1);
73 } else {
74 $self->fullstop_space_harden (1);
75 }
69e00e79 76
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77 # The =for and =begin targets that we accept.
78 $self->accept_targets (qw/text TEXT/);
79
80 # Ensure that contiguous blocks of code are merged together. Otherwise,
81 # some of the guesswork heuristics don't work right.
82 $self->merge_text (1);
83
84 # Pod::Simple doesn't do anything useful with our arguments, but we want
85 # to put them in our object as hash keys and values. This could cause
86 # problems if we ever clash with Pod::Simple's own internal class
87 # variables.
88 my %opts = @_;
89 my @opts = map { ("opt_$_", $opts{$_}) } keys %opts;
90 %$self = (%$self, @opts);
91
92 # Initialize various things from our parameters.
93 $$self{opt_alt} = 0 unless defined $$self{opt_alt};
94 $$self{opt_indent} = 4 unless defined $$self{opt_indent};
95 $$self{opt_margin} = 0 unless defined $$self{opt_margin};
96 $$self{opt_loose} = 0 unless defined $$self{opt_loose};
97 $$self{opt_sentence} = 0 unless defined $$self{opt_sentence};
98 $$self{opt_width} = 76 unless defined $$self{opt_width};
69e00e79 99
ab1f1d91 100 # Figure out what quotes we'll be using for C<> text.
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101 $$self{opt_quotes} ||= '"';
102 if ($$self{opt_quotes} eq 'none') {
ab1f1d91 103 $$self{LQUOTE} = $$self{RQUOTE} = '';
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104 } elsif (length ($$self{opt_quotes}) == 1) {
105 $$self{LQUOTE} = $$self{RQUOTE} = $$self{opt_quotes};
106 } elsif ($$self{opt_quotes} =~ /^(.)(.)$/
107 || $$self{opt_quotes} =~ /^(..)(..)$/) {
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108 $$self{LQUOTE} = $1;
109 $$self{RQUOTE} = $2;
110 } else {
b7ae008f 111 croak qq(Invalid quote specification "$$self{opt_quotes}");
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112 }
113
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114 # If requested, do something with the non-POD text.
115 $self->code_handler (\&handle_code) if $$self{opt_code};
11f72409 116
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117 # Return the created object.
118 return $self;
119}
69e00e79 120
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121##############################################################################
122# Core parsing
123##############################################################################
59548eca 124
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125# This is the glue that connects the code below with Pod::Simple itself. The
126# goal is to convert the event stream coming from the POD parser into method
127# calls to handlers once the complete content of a tag has been seen. Each
128# paragraph or POD command will have textual content associated with it, and
129# as soon as all of a paragraph or POD command has been seen, that content
130# will be passed in to the corresponding method for handling that type of
131# object. The exceptions are handlers for lists, which have opening tag
132# handlers and closing tag handlers that will be called right away.
133#
134# The internal hash key PENDING is used to store the contents of a tag until
135# all of it has been seen. It holds a stack of open tags, each one
136# represented by a tuple of the attributes hash for the tag and the contents
137# of the tag.
138
139# Add a block of text to the contents of the current node, formatting it
140# according to the current formatting instructions as we do.
141sub _handle_text {
142 my ($self, $text) = @_;
143 my $tag = $$self{PENDING}[-1];
144 $$tag[1] .= $text;
6055f9d4 145}
69e00e79 146
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147# Given an element name, get the corresponding method name.
148sub method_for_element {
149 my ($self, $element) = @_;
150 $element =~ tr/-/_/;
151 $element =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
152 $element =~ tr/_a-z0-9//cd;
153 return $element;
154}
69e00e79 155
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156# Handle the start of a new element. If cmd_element is defined, assume that
157# we need to collect the entire tree for this element before passing it to the
158# element method, and create a new tree into which we'll collect blocks of
159# text and nested elements. Otherwise, if start_element is defined, call it.
160sub _handle_element_start {
161 my ($self, $element, $attrs) = @_;
162 my $method = $self->method_for_element ($element);
163
164 # If we have a command handler, we need to accumulate the contents of the
165 # tag before calling it.
166 if ($self->can ("cmd_$method")) {
167 push (@{ $$self{PENDING} }, [ $attrs, '' ]);
168 } elsif ($self->can ("start_$method")) {
169 my $method = 'start_' . $method;
170 $self->$method ($attrs, '');
171 }
172}
6055f9d4 173
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174# Handle the end of an element. If we had a cmd_ method for this element,
175# this is where we pass along the text that we've accumulated. Otherwise, if
176# we have an end_ method for the element, call that.
177sub _handle_element_end {
178 my ($self, $element) = @_;
179 my $method = $self->method_for_element ($element);
180
181 # If we have a command handler, pull off the pending text and pass it to
182 # the handler along with the saved attribute hash.
183 if ($self->can ("cmd_$method")) {
184 my $tag = pop @{ $$self{PENDING} };
185 my $method = 'cmd_' . $method;
186 my $text = $self->$method (@$tag);
187 if (defined $text) {
188 if (@{ $$self{PENDING} } > 1) {
189 $$self{PENDING}[-1][1] .= $text;
190 } else {
191 $self->output ($text);
192 }
193 }
194 } elsif ($self->can ("end_$method")) {
195 my $method = 'end_' . $method;
8f202758 196 $self->$method ();
ab1f1d91 197 }
6055f9d4 198}
69e00e79 199
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200##############################################################################
201# Output formatting
202##############################################################################
203
204# Wrap a line, indenting by the current left margin. We can't use Text::Wrap
205# because it plays games with tabs. We can't use formline, even though we'd
206# really like to, because it screws up non-printing characters. So we have to
207# do the wrapping ourselves.
208sub wrap {
6055f9d4 209 my $self = shift;
6055f9d4 210 local $_ = shift;
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211 my $output = '';
212 my $spaces = ' ' x $$self{MARGIN};
213 my $width = $$self{opt_width} - $$self{MARGIN};
214 while (length > $width) {
215 if (s/^([^\n]{0,$width})\s+// || s/^([^\n]{$width})//) {
216 $output .= $spaces . $1 . "\n";
217 } else {
218 last;
219 }
220 }
221 $output .= $spaces . $_;
222 $output =~ s/\s+$/\n\n/;
223 return $output;
6055f9d4 224}
69e00e79 225
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226# Reformat a paragraph of text for the current margin. Takes the text to
227# reformat and returns the formatted text.
228sub reformat {
27f805f4 229 my $self = shift;
27f805f4 230 local $_ = shift;
6055f9d4 231
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232 # If we're trying to preserve two spaces after sentences, do some munging
233 # to support that. Otherwise, smash all repeated whitespace.
234 if ($$self{opt_sentence}) {
235 s/ +$//mg;
236 s/\.\n/. \n/g;
237 s/\n/ /g;
238 s/ +/ /g;
6055f9d4 239 } else {
b7ae008f 240 s/\s+/ /g;
6055f9d4 241 }
b7ae008f 242 return $self->wrap ($_);
6055f9d4 243}
69e00e79 244
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245# Output text to the output device.
246sub output {
247 my ($self, $text) = @_;
248 $text =~ tr/\240\255/ /d;
249 print { $$self{output_fh} } $text;
250}
bf202ccd 251
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252# Output a block of code (something that isn't part of the POD text). Called
253# by preprocess_paragraph only if we were given the code option. Exists here
254# only so that it can be overridden by subclasses.
255sub output_code { $_[0]->output ($_[1]) }
69e00e79 256
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257##############################################################################
258# Document initialization
259##############################################################################
260
261# Set up various things that have to be initialized on a per-document basis.
262sub start_document {
263 my $self = shift;
264 my $margin = $$self{opt_indent} + $$self{opt_margin};
265
266 # Initialize a few per-document variables.
267 $$self{INDENTS} = []; # Stack of indentations.
268 $$self{MARGIN} = $margin; # Default left margin.
269 $$self{PENDING} = [[]]; # Pending output.
270
271 return '';
272}
273
274##############################################################################
275# Text blocks
276##############################################################################
277
278# This method is called whenever an =item command is complete (in other words,
279# we've seen its associated paragraph or know for certain that it doesn't have
280# one). It gets the paragraph associated with the item as an argument. If
281# that argument is empty, just output the item tag; if it contains a newline,
282# output the item tag followed by the newline. Otherwise, see if there's
283# enough room for us to output the item tag in the margin of the text or if we
284# have to put it on a separate line.
285sub item {
286 my ($self, $text) = @_;
287 my $tag = $$self{ITEM};
288 unless (defined $tag) {
289 carp "Item called without tag";
290 return;
6055f9d4 291 }
b7ae008f 292 undef $$self{ITEM};
69e00e79 293
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294 # Calculate the indentation and margin. $fits is set to true if the tag
295 # will fit into the margin of the paragraph given our indentation level.
296 my $indent = $$self{INDENTS}[-1];
297 $indent = $$self{opt_indent} unless defined $indent;
298 my $margin = ' ' x $$self{opt_margin};
299 my $fits = ($$self{MARGIN} - $indent >= length ($tag) + 1);
69e00e79 300
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301 # If the tag doesn't fit, or if we have no associated text, print out the
302 # tag separately. Otherwise, put the tag in the margin of the paragraph.
303 if (!$text || $text =~ /^\s+$/ || !$fits) {
304 my $realindent = $$self{MARGIN};
305 $$self{MARGIN} = $indent;
306 my $output = $self->reformat ($tag);
307 $output =~ s/^$margin /$margin:/ if ($$self{opt_alt} && $indent > 0);
308 $output =~ s/\n*$/\n/;
309
310 # If the text is just whitespace, we have an empty item paragraph;
311 # this can result from =over/=item/=back without any intermixed
312 # paragraphs. Insert some whitespace to keep the =item from merging
313 # into the next paragraph.
314 $output .= "\n" if $text && $text =~ /^\s*$/;
315
316 $self->output ($output);
317 $$self{MARGIN} = $realindent;
318 $self->output ($self->reformat ($text)) if ($text && $text =~ /\S/);
319 } else {
320 my $space = ' ' x $indent;
321 $space =~ s/^$margin /$margin:/ if $$self{opt_alt};
322 $text = $self->reformat ($text);
323 $text =~ s/^$margin /$margin:/ if ($$self{opt_alt} && $indent > 0);
324 my $tagspace = ' ' x length $tag;
325 $text =~ s/^($space)$tagspace/$1$tag/ or warn "Bizarre space in item";
326 $self->output ($text);
6055f9d4 327 }
b7ae008f 328}
69e00e79 329
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330# Handle a basic block of text. The only tricky thing here is that if there
331# is a pending item tag, we need to format this as an item paragraph.
332sub cmd_para {
333 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
334 $text =~ s/\s+$/\n/;
335 if (defined $$self{ITEM}) {
336 $self->item ($text . "\n");
337 } else {
338 $self->output ($self->reformat ($text . "\n"));
59548eca 339 }
b7ae008f 340 return '';
6055f9d4 341}
f02a87df 342
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343# Handle a verbatim paragraph. Just print it out, but indent it according to
344# our margin.
345sub cmd_verbatim {
346 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
347 $self->item if defined $$self{ITEM};
348 return if $text =~ /^\s*$/;
349 $text =~ s/^(\n*)(\s*\S+)/$1 . (' ' x $$self{MARGIN}) . $2/gme;
350 $text =~ s/\s*$/\n\n/;
351 $self->output ($text);
352 return '';
6055f9d4 353}
3ec07288 354
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355# Handle literal text (produced by =for and similar constructs). Just output
356# it with the minimum of changes.
357sub cmd_data {
358 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
359 $text =~ s/^\n+//;
360 $text =~ s/\n{0,2}$/\n/;
361 $self->output ($text);
362 return '';
363}
69e00e79 364
3c014959 365##############################################################################
b7ae008f 366# Headings
3c014959 367##############################################################################
f2506fb2 368
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369# The common code for handling all headers. Takes the header text, the
370# indentation, and the surrounding marker for the alt formatting method.
371sub heading {
372 my ($self, $text, $indent, $marker) = @_;
373 $self->item ("\n\n") if defined $$self{ITEM};
374 $text =~ s/\s+$//;
375 if ($$self{opt_alt}) {
376 my $closemark = reverse (split (//, $marker));
377 my $margin = ' ' x $$self{opt_margin};
378 $self->output ("\n" . "$margin$marker $text $closemark" . "\n\n");
379 } else {
380 $text .= "\n" if $$self{opt_loose};
381 my $margin = ' ' x ($$self{opt_margin} + $indent);
382 $self->output ($margin . $text . "\n");
383 }
384 return '';
385}
69e00e79 386
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387# First level heading.
388sub cmd_head1 {
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389 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
390 $self->heading ($text, 0, '====');
6055f9d4 391}
69e00e79 392
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393# Second level heading.
394sub cmd_head2 {
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395 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
396 $self->heading ($text, $$self{opt_indent} / 2, '== ');
6055f9d4 397}
69e00e79 398
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399# Third level heading.
400sub cmd_head3 {
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401 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
402 $self->heading ($text, $$self{opt_indent} * 2 / 3 + 0.5, '= ');
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403}
404
b7ae008f 405# Fourth level heading.
50a3fd2a 406sub cmd_head4 {
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407 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
408 $self->heading ($text, $$self{opt_indent} * 3 / 4 + 0.5, '- ');
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409}
410
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411##############################################################################
412# List handling
413##############################################################################
414
415# Handle the beginning of an =over block. Takes the type of the block as the
416# first argument, and then the attr hash. This is called by the handlers for
417# the four different types of lists (bullet, number, text, and block).
418sub over_common_start {
419 my ($self, $attrs) = @_;
b616daaf 420 $self->item ("\n\n") if defined $$self{ITEM};
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421
422 # Find the indentation level.
423 my $indent = $$attrs{indent};
424 unless (defined ($indent) && $indent =~ /^\s*[-+]?\d{1,4}\s*$/) {
425 $indent = $$self{opt_indent};
426 }
427
428 # Add this to our stack of indents and increase our current margin.
6055f9d4 429 push (@{ $$self{INDENTS} }, $$self{MARGIN});
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430 $$self{MARGIN} += ($indent + 0);
431 return '';
6055f9d4 432}
69e00e79 433
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434# End an =over block. Takes no options other than the class pointer. Output
435# any pending items and then pop one level of indentation.
436sub over_common_end {
437 my ($self) = @_;
b616daaf 438 $self->item ("\n\n") if defined $$self{ITEM};
6055f9d4 439 $$self{MARGIN} = pop @{ $$self{INDENTS} };
b7ae008f 440 return '';
69e00e79 441}
442
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443# Dispatch the start and end calls as appropriate.
444sub start_over_bullet { $_[0]->over_common_start ($_[1]) }
445sub start_over_number { $_[0]->over_common_start ($_[1]) }
446sub start_over_text { $_[0]->over_common_start ($_[1]) }
447sub start_over_block { $_[0]->over_common_start ($_[1]) }
448sub end_over_bullet { $_[0]->over_common_end }
449sub end_over_number { $_[0]->over_common_end }
450sub end_over_text { $_[0]->over_common_end }
451sub end_over_block { $_[0]->over_common_end }
452
453# The common handler for all item commands. Takes the type of the item, the
454# attributes, and then the text of the item.
455sub item_common {
456 my ($self, $type, $attrs, $text) = @_;
457 $self->item if defined $$self{ITEM};
69e00e79 458
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459 # Clean up the text. We want to end up with two variables, one ($text)
460 # which contains any body text after taking out the item portion, and
461 # another ($item) which contains the actual item text. Note the use of
462 # the internal Pod::Simple attribute here; that's a potential land mine.
463 $text =~ s/\s+$//;
464 my ($item, $index);
465 if ($type eq 'bullet') {
466 $item = '*';
467 } elsif ($type eq 'number') {
468 $item = $$attrs{'~orig_content'};
27f805f4 469 } else {
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470 $item = $text;
471 $item =~ s/\s*\n\s*/ /g;
472 $text = '';
27f805f4 473 }
b7ae008f 474 $$self{ITEM} = $item;
6055f9d4 475
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476 # If body text for this item was included, go ahead and output that now.
477 if ($text) {
478 $text =~ s/\s*$/\n/;
479 $self->item ($text);
480 }
481 return '';
6055f9d4 482}
f2506fb2 483
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484# Dispatch the item commands to the appropriate place.
485sub cmd_item_bullet { my $self = shift; $self->item_common ('bullet', @_) }
486sub cmd_item_number { my $self = shift; $self->item_common ('number', @_) }
487sub cmd_item_text { my $self = shift; $self->item_common ('text', @_) }
488sub cmd_item_block { my $self = shift; $self->item_common ('block', @_) }
69e00e79 489
3c014959 490##############################################################################
5ec554fb 491# Formatting codes
3c014959 492##############################################################################
69e00e79 493
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494# The simple ones.
495sub cmd_b { return $_[0]{alt} ? "``$_[2]''" : $_[2] }
496sub cmd_f { return $_[0]{alt} ? "\"$_[2]\"" : $_[2] }
497sub cmd_i { return '*' . $_[2] . '*' }
498sub cmd_x { return '' }
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499
500# Apply a whole bunch of messy heuristics to not quote things that don't
501# benefit from being quoted. These originally come from Barrie Slaymaker and
502# largely duplicate code in Pod::Man.
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503sub cmd_c {
504 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
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505
506 # A regex that matches the portion of a variable reference that's the
507 # array or hash index, separated out just because we want to use it in
508 # several places in the following regex.
509 my $index = '(?: \[.*\] | \{.*\} )?';
510
511 # Check for things that we don't want to quote, and if we find any of
512 # them, return the string with just a font change and no quoting.
b7ae008f 513 $text =~ m{
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514 ^\s*
515 (?:
516 ( [\'\`\"] ) .* \1 # already quoted
517 | \` .* \' # `quoted'
518 | \$+ [\#^]? \S $index # special ($^Foo, $")
519 | [\$\@%&*]+ \#? [:\'\w]+ $index # plain var or func
520 | [\$\@%&*]* [:\'\w]+ (?: -> )? \(\s*[^\s,]\s*\) # 0/1-arg func call
f011ec7d 521 | [+-]? ( \d[\d.]* | \.\d+ ) (?: [eE][+-]?\d+ )? # a number
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522 | 0x [a-fA-F\d]+ # a hex constant
523 )
524 \s*\z
b7ae008f 525 }xo && return $text;
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526
527 # If we didn't return, go ahead and quote the text.
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528 return $$self{opt_alt}
529 ? "``$text''"
530 : "$$self{LQUOTE}$text$$self{RQUOTE}";
69e00e79 531}
532
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533# Links reduce to the text that we're given, wrapped in angle brackets if it's
534# a URL.
535sub cmd_l {
536 my ($self, $attrs, $text) = @_;
537 return $$attrs{type} eq 'url' ? "<$text>" : $text;
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538}
539
3c014959 540##############################################################################
27f805f4 541# Backwards compatibility
3c014959 542##############################################################################
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543
544# The old Pod::Text module did everything in a pod2text() function. This
545# tries to provide the same interface for legacy applications.
546sub pod2text {
547 my @args;
548
549 # This is really ugly; I hate doing option parsing in the middle of a
550 # module. But the old Pod::Text module supported passing flags to its
551 # entry function, so handle -a and -<number>.
552 while ($_[0] =~ /^-/) {
553 my $flag = shift;
554 if ($flag eq '-a') { push (@args, alt => 1) }
555 elsif ($flag =~ /^-(\d+)$/) { push (@args, width => $1) }
556 else {
557 unshift (@_, $flag);
558 last;
559 }
560 }
561
562 # Now that we know what arguments we're using, create the parser.
563 my $parser = Pod::Text->new (@args);
564
565 # If two arguments were given, the second argument is going to be a file
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566 # handle. That means we want to call parse_from_filehandle(), which means
567 # we need to turn the first argument into a file handle. Magic open will
568 # handle the <&STDIN case automagically.
27f805f4 569 if (defined $_[1]) {
ab1f1d91 570 my @fhs = @_;
27f805f4 571 local *IN;
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572 unless (open (IN, $fhs[0])) {
573 croak ("Can't open $fhs[0] for reading: $!\n");
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574 return;
575 }
ab1f1d91 576 $fhs[0] = \*IN;
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577 $parser->output_fh ($fhs[1]);
578 my $retval = $parser->parse_file ($fhs[0]);
579 my $fh = $parser->output_fh ();
580 close $fh;
581 return $retval;
27f805f4 582 } else {
b7ae008f 583 return $parser->parse_file (@_);
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584 }
585}
586
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587# Reset the underlying Pod::Simple object between calls to parse_from_file so
588# that the same object can be reused to convert multiple pages.
589sub parse_from_file {
590 my $self = shift;
591 $self->reinit;
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592
593 # Fake the old cutting option to Pod::Parser. This fiddings with internal
594 # Pod::Simple state and is quite ugly; we need a better approach.
595 if (ref ($_[0]) eq 'HASH') {
596 my $opts = shift @_;
597 if (defined ($$opts{-cutting}) && !$$opts{-cutting}) {
598 $$self{in_pod} = 1;
599 $$self{last_was_blank} = 1;
600 }
601 }
602
603 # Do the work.
8f202758 604 my $retval = $self->Pod::Simple::parse_from_file (@_);
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605
606 # Flush output, since Pod::Simple doesn't do this. Ideally we should also
607 # close the file descriptor if we had to open one, but we can't easily
608 # figure this out.
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609 my $fh = $self->output_fh ();
610 my $oldfh = select $fh;
611 my $oldflush = $|;
612 $| = 1;
613 print $fh '';
614 $| = $oldflush;
615 select $oldfh;
616 return $retval;
617}
618
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619# Pod::Simple failed to provide this backward compatibility function, so
620# implement it ourselves. File handles are one of the inputs that
621# parse_from_file supports.
622sub parse_from_filehandle {
623 my $self = shift;
624 $self->parse_from_file (@_);
625}
626
3c014959 627##############################################################################
6055f9d4 628# Module return value and documentation
3c014959 629##############################################################################
69e00e79 630
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6311;
632__END__
69e00e79 633
6055f9d4 634=head1 NAME
69e00e79 635
6055f9d4 636Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
69e00e79 637
6055f9d4 638=head1 SYNOPSIS
69e00e79 639
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640 use Pod::Text;
641 my $parser = Pod::Text->new (sentence => 0, width => 78);
69e00e79 642
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643 # Read POD from STDIN and write to STDOUT.
644 $parser->parse_from_filehandle;
69e00e79 645
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646 # Read POD from file.pod and write to file.txt.
647 $parser->parse_from_file ('file.pod', 'file.txt');
69e00e79 648
6055f9d4 649=head1 DESCRIPTION
5491a304 650
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651Pod::Text is a module that can convert documentation in the POD format (the
652preferred language for documenting Perl) into formatted ASCII. It uses no
653special formatting controls or codes whatsoever, and its output is therefore
654suitable for nearly any device.
69e00e79 655
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656As a derived class from Pod::Simple, Pod::Text supports the same methods and
657interfaces. See L<Pod::Simple> for all the details; briefly, one creates a
658new parser with C<< Pod::Text->new() >> and then normally calls parse_file().
6055f9d4 659
27f805f4 660new() can take options, in the form of key/value pairs, that control the
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661behavior of the parser. The currently recognized options are:
662
663=over 4
664
665=item alt
666
667If set to a true value, selects an alternate output format that, among other
668things, uses a different heading style and marks C<=item> entries with a
669colon in the left margin. Defaults to false.
670
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671=item code
672
673If set to a true value, the non-POD parts of the input file will be included
674in the output. Useful for viewing code documented with POD blocks with the
675POD rendered and the code left intact.
676
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677=item indent
678
679The number of spaces to indent regular text, and the default indentation for
680C<=over> blocks. Defaults to 4.
681
682=item loose
683
684If set to a true value, a blank line is printed after a C<=head1> heading.
685If set to false (the default), no blank line is printed after C<=head1>,
686although one is still printed after C<=head2>. This is the default because
687it's the expected formatting for manual pages; if you're formatting
688arbitrary text documents, setting this to true may result in more pleasing
689output.
690
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691=item margin
692
693The width of the left margin in spaces. Defaults to 0. This is the margin
694for all text, including headings, not the amount by which regular text is
695indented; for the latter, see the I<indent> option. To set the right
696margin, see the I<width> option.
697
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698=item quotes
699
700Sets the quote marks used to surround CE<lt>> text. If the value is a
701single character, it is used as both the left and right quote; if it is two
702characters, the first character is used as the left quote and the second as
703the right quoted; and if it is four characters, the first two are used as
704the left quote and the second two as the right quote.
705
706This may also be set to the special value C<none>, in which case no quote
707marks are added around CE<lt>> text.
708
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709=item sentence
710
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711If set to a true value, Pod::Text will assume that each sentence ends in two
712spaces, and will try to preserve that spacing. If set to false, all
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713consecutive whitespace in non-verbatim paragraphs is compressed into a
714single space. Defaults to true.
715
716=item width
717
718The column at which to wrap text on the right-hand side. Defaults to 76.
719
720=back
721
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722The standard Pod::Simple method parse_file() takes one argument, the file or
723file handle to read from, and writes output to standard output unless that
724has been changed with the output_fh() method. See L<Pod::Simple> for the
725specific details and for other alternative interfaces.
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726
727=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
728
729=over 4
730
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731=item Bizarre space in item
732
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733=item Item called without tag
734
735(W) Something has gone wrong in internal C<=item> processing. These
736messages indicate a bug in Pod::Text; you should never see them.
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737
738=item Can't open %s for reading: %s
739
740(F) Pod::Text was invoked via the compatibility mode pod2text() interface
741and the input file it was given could not be opened.
742
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743=item Invalid quote specification "%s"
744
745(F) The quote specification given (the quotes option to the constructor) was
746invalid. A quote specification must be one, two, or four characters long.
747
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748=back
749
750=head1 NOTES
751
27f805f4 752This is a replacement for an earlier Pod::Text module written by Tom
b7ae008f 753Christiansen. It has a revamped interface, since it now uses Pod::Simple,
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754but an interface roughly compatible with the old Pod::Text::pod2text()
755function is still available. Please change to the new calling convention,
756though.
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757
758The original Pod::Text contained code to do formatting via termcap
759sequences, although it wasn't turned on by default and it was problematic to
27f805f4 760get it to work at all. This rewrite doesn't even try to do that, but a
bf202ccd 761subclass of it does. Look for L<Pod::Text::Termcap>.
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762
763=head1 SEE ALSO
764
b7ae008f 765L<Pod::Simple>, L<Pod::Text::Termcap>, L<pod2text(1)>
6055f9d4 766
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767The current version of this module is always available from its web site at
768L<http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/podlators/>. It is also part of the
769Perl core distribution as of 5.6.0.
770
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771=head1 AUTHOR
772
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773Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>, based I<very> heavily on the original
774Pod::Text by Tom Christiansen <tchrist@mox.perl.com> and its conversion to
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775Pod::Parser by Brad Appleton <bradapp@enteract.com>. Sean Burke's initial
776conversion of Pod::Man to use Pod::Simple provided much-needed guidance on
777how to use Pod::Simple.
6055f9d4 778
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779=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
780
8f202758 781Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006 Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>.
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782
783This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
784under the same terms as Perl itself.
785
6055f9d4 786=cut