Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
a4e2b1c6 | 1 | # |
7d341013 | 2 | # "Tax the rat farms." - Lord Vetinari |
a4e2b1c6 | 3 | # |
184f15d5 JH |
4 | |
5 | # The following hash values are used: | |
6 | # sign : +,-,NaN,+inf,-inf | |
7 | # _d : denominator | |
c4a6f826 | 8 | # _n : numerator (value = _n/_d) |
184f15d5 JH |
9 | # _a : accuracy |
10 | # _p : precision | |
7afd7a91 | 11 | # You should not look at the innards of a BigRat - use the methods for this. |
184f15d5 JH |
12 | |
13 | package Math::BigRat; | |
14 | ||
08a3f4a9 | 15 | use 5.006; |
184f15d5 | 16 | use strict; |
11c955be SH |
17 | use warnings; |
18 | ||
9aa0b648 | 19 | use Carp (); |
184f15d5 | 20 | |
184f15d5 | 21 | use Math::BigFloat; |
11c955be | 22 | |
6320cdc0 | 23 | our $VERSION = '0.260804'; |
c6c613ed | 24 | $VERSION = eval $VERSION; |
184f15d5 | 25 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
26 | our @ISA = qw(Math::BigFloat); |
27 | ||
28 | our ($accuracy, $precision, $round_mode, $div_scale, | |
29 | $upgrade, $downgrade, $_trap_nan, $_trap_inf); | |
9aa0b648 FR |
30 | |
31 | use overload | |
6320cdc0 SH |
32 | |
33 | # overload key: with_assign | |
34 | ||
35 | '+' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> badd($_[1]); }, | |
36 | ||
37 | '-' => sub { my $c = $_[0] -> copy; | |
38 | $_[2] ? $c -> bneg() -> badd( $_[1]) | |
39 | : $c -> bsub($_[1]); }, | |
40 | ||
41 | '*' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> bmul($_[1]); }, | |
42 | ||
43 | '/' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bdiv($_[0]) | |
44 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> bdiv($_[1]); }, | |
45 | ||
46 | ||
47 | '%' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bmod($_[0]) | |
48 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> bmod($_[1]); }, | |
49 | ||
50 | '**' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bpow($_[0]) | |
51 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> bpow($_[1]); }, | |
52 | ||
53 | '<<' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> blsft($_[0]) | |
54 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> blsft($_[1]); }, | |
55 | ||
56 | '>>' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> brsft($_[0]) | |
57 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> brsft($_[1]); }, | |
58 | ||
59 | # overload key: assign | |
60 | ||
61 | '+=' => sub { $_[0]->badd($_[1]); }, | |
62 | ||
63 | '-=' => sub { $_[0]->bsub($_[1]); }, | |
64 | ||
65 | '*=' => sub { $_[0]->bmul($_[1]); }, | |
66 | ||
67 | '/=' => sub { scalar $_[0]->bdiv($_[1]); }, | |
68 | ||
69 | '%=' => sub { $_[0]->bmod($_[1]); }, | |
70 | ||
71 | '**=' => sub { $_[0]->bpow($_[1]); }, | |
72 | ||
73 | ||
74 | '<<=' => sub { $_[0]->blsft($_[1]); }, | |
75 | ||
76 | '>>=' => sub { $_[0]->brsft($_[1]); }, | |
77 | ||
78 | # 'x=' => sub { }, | |
79 | ||
80 | # '.=' => sub { }, | |
81 | ||
82 | # overload key: num_comparison | |
83 | ||
84 | '<' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> blt($_[0]) | |
85 | : $_[0] -> blt($_[1]); }, | |
86 | ||
87 | '<=' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> ble($_[0]) | |
88 | : $_[0] -> ble($_[1]); }, | |
89 | ||
90 | '>' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bgt($_[0]) | |
91 | : $_[0] -> bgt($_[1]); }, | |
92 | ||
93 | '>=' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bge($_[0]) | |
94 | : $_[0] -> bge($_[1]); }, | |
95 | ||
96 | '==' => sub { $_[0] -> beq($_[1]); }, | |
97 | ||
98 | '!=' => sub { $_[0] -> bne($_[1]); }, | |
99 | ||
100 | # overload key: 3way_comparison | |
101 | ||
102 | '<=>' => sub { my $cmp = $_[0] -> bcmp($_[1]); | |
103 | defined($cmp) && $_[2] ? -$cmp : $cmp; }, | |
104 | ||
105 | 'cmp' => sub { $_[2] ? "$_[1]" cmp $_[0] -> bstr() | |
106 | : $_[0] -> bstr() cmp "$_[1]"; }, | |
107 | ||
108 | # overload key: str_comparison | |
109 | ||
110 | # 'lt' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bstrlt($_[0]) | |
111 | # : $_[0] -> bstrlt($_[1]); }, | |
112 | # | |
113 | # 'le' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bstrle($_[0]) | |
114 | # : $_[0] -> bstrle($_[1]); }, | |
115 | # | |
116 | # 'gt' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bstrgt($_[0]) | |
117 | # : $_[0] -> bstrgt($_[1]); }, | |
118 | # | |
119 | # 'ge' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bstrge($_[0]) | |
120 | # : $_[0] -> bstrge($_[1]); }, | |
121 | # | |
122 | # 'eq' => sub { $_[0] -> bstreq($_[1]); }, | |
123 | # | |
124 | # 'ne' => sub { $_[0] -> bstrne($_[1]); }, | |
125 | ||
126 | # overload key: binary | |
127 | ||
128 | '&' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> band($_[0]) | |
129 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> band($_[1]); }, | |
130 | ||
131 | '&=' => sub { $_[0] -> band($_[1]); }, | |
132 | ||
133 | '|' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bior($_[0]) | |
134 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> bior($_[1]); }, | |
135 | ||
136 | '|=' => sub { $_[0] -> bior($_[1]); }, | |
137 | ||
138 | '^' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> bxor($_[0]) | |
139 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> bxor($_[1]); }, | |
140 | ||
141 | '^=' => sub { $_[0] -> bxor($_[1]); }, | |
142 | ||
143 | # '&.' => sub { }, | |
144 | ||
145 | # '&.=' => sub { }, | |
146 | ||
147 | # '|.' => sub { }, | |
148 | ||
149 | # '|.=' => sub { }, | |
150 | ||
151 | # '^.' => sub { }, | |
152 | ||
153 | # '^.=' => sub { }, | |
154 | ||
155 | # overload key: unary | |
156 | ||
157 | 'neg' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> bneg(); }, | |
158 | ||
159 | # '!' => sub { }, | |
160 | ||
161 | '~' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> bnot(); }, | |
162 | ||
163 | # '~.' => sub { }, | |
164 | ||
165 | # overload key: mutators | |
166 | ||
167 | '++' => sub { $_[0] -> binc() }, | |
168 | ||
169 | '--' => sub { $_[0] -> bdec() }, | |
170 | ||
171 | # overload key: func | |
172 | ||
173 | 'atan2' => sub { $_[2] ? ref($_[0]) -> new($_[1]) -> batan2($_[0]) | |
174 | : $_[0] -> copy() -> batan2($_[1]); }, | |
175 | ||
176 | 'cos' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> bcos(); }, | |
177 | ||
178 | 'sin' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> bsin(); }, | |
179 | ||
180 | 'exp' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> bexp($_[1]); }, | |
181 | ||
182 | 'abs' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> babs(); }, | |
183 | ||
184 | 'log' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> blog(); }, | |
185 | ||
186 | 'sqrt' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> bsqrt(); }, | |
187 | ||
188 | 'int' => sub { $_[0] -> copy() -> bint(); }, | |
189 | ||
190 | # overload key: conversion | |
191 | ||
192 | 'bool' => sub { $_[0] -> is_zero() ? '' : 1; }, | |
193 | ||
194 | '""' => sub { $_[0] -> bstr(); }, | |
195 | ||
196 | '0+' => sub { $_[0] -> numify(); }, | |
197 | ||
198 | '=' => sub { $_[0]->copy(); }, | |
199 | ||
200 | ; | |
11c955be SH |
201 | |
202 | BEGIN { | |
203 | *objectify = \&Math::BigInt::objectify; # inherit this from BigInt | |
204 | *AUTOLOAD = \&Math::BigFloat::AUTOLOAD; # can't inherit AUTOLOAD | |
205 | # We inherit these from BigFloat because currently it is not possible | |
206 | # that MBF has a different $MBI variable than we, because MBF also uses | |
207 | # Math::BigInt::config->('lib'); (there is always only one library loaded) | |
208 | *_e_add = \&Math::BigFloat::_e_add; | |
209 | *_e_sub = \&Math::BigFloat::_e_sub; | |
210 | *as_int = \&as_number; | |
211 | *is_pos = \&is_positive; | |
212 | *is_neg = \&is_negative; | |
213 | } | |
9b924220 | 214 | |
184f15d5 | 215 | ############################################################################## |
12fc2493 | 216 | # Global constants and flags. Access these only via the accessor methods! |
184f15d5 | 217 | |
6320cdc0 | 218 | $accuracy = $precision = undef; |
184f15d5 | 219 | $round_mode = 'even'; |
6320cdc0 SH |
220 | $div_scale = 40; |
221 | $upgrade = undef; | |
222 | $downgrade = undef; | |
184f15d5 | 223 | |
12fc2493 | 224 | # These are internally, and not to be used from the outside at all! |
990fb837 RGS |
225 | |
226 | $_trap_nan = 0; # are NaNs ok? set w/ config() | |
227 | $_trap_inf = 0; # are infs ok? set w/ config() | |
228 | ||
12fc2493 AMS |
229 | # the package we are using for our private parts, defaults to: |
230 | # Math::BigInt->config()->{lib} | |
6320cdc0 | 231 | |
12fc2493 AMS |
232 | my $MBI = 'Math::BigInt::Calc'; |
233 | ||
11c955be | 234 | my $nan = 'NaN'; |
6320cdc0 | 235 | #my $class = 'Math::BigRat'; |
184f15d5 | 236 | |
11c955be | 237 | sub isa { |
6320cdc0 | 238 | return 0 if $_[1] =~ /^Math::Big(Int|Float)/; # we aren't |
11c955be SH |
239 | UNIVERSAL::isa(@_); |
240 | } | |
8f675a64 | 241 | |
12fc2493 | 242 | ############################################################################## |
9b924220 | 243 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
244 | sub new { |
245 | my $proto = shift; | |
246 | my $protoref = ref $proto; | |
247 | my $class = $protoref || $proto; | |
184f15d5 | 248 | |
6320cdc0 | 249 | # Check the way we are called. |
184f15d5 | 250 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
251 | if ($protoref) { |
252 | Carp::croak("new() is a class method, not an instance method"); | |
184f15d5 | 253 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
254 | |
255 | if (@_ < 1) { | |
256 | #Carp::carp("Using new() with no argument is deprecated;", | |
257 | # " use bzero() or new(0) instead"); | |
258 | return $class -> bzero(); | |
184f15d5 | 259 | } |
184f15d5 | 260 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
261 | if (@_ > 2) { |
262 | Carp::carp("Superfluous arguments to new() ignored."); | |
263 | } | |
184f15d5 | 264 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
265 | # Get numerator and denominator. If any of the arguments is undefined, |
266 | # return zero. | |
184f15d5 | 267 | |
6320cdc0 | 268 | my ($n, $d) = @_; |
ccbfef19 | 269 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
270 | if (@_ == 1 && !defined $n || |
271 | @_ == 2 && (!defined $n || !defined $d)) | |
272 | { | |
273 | #Carp::carp("Use of uninitialized value in new()"); | |
274 | return $class -> bzero(); | |
275 | } | |
b68b7ab1 | 276 | |
6320cdc0 | 277 | # Initialize a new object. |
184f15d5 | 278 | |
6320cdc0 | 279 | my $self = bless {}, $class; |
11c955be | 280 | |
6320cdc0 | 281 | # One or two input arguments may be given. First handle the numerator $n. |
11c955be | 282 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
283 | if (ref($n)) { |
284 | $n = Math::BigFloat -> new($n, undef, undef) | |
285 | unless ($n -> isa('Math::BigRat') || | |
286 | $n -> isa('Math::BigInt') || | |
287 | $n -> isa('Math::BigFloat')); | |
288 | } else { | |
289 | if (defined $d) { | |
290 | # If the denominator is defined, the numerator is not a string | |
291 | # fraction, e.g., "355/113". | |
292 | $n = Math::BigFloat -> new($n, undef, undef); | |
293 | } else { | |
294 | # If the denominator is undefined, the numerator might be a string | |
295 | # fraction, e.g., "355/113". | |
296 | if ($n =~ m| ^ \s* (\S+) \s* / \s* (\S+) \s* $ |x) { | |
297 | $n = Math::BigFloat -> new($1, undef, undef); | |
298 | $d = Math::BigFloat -> new($2, undef, undef); | |
299 | } else { | |
300 | $n = Math::BigFloat -> new($n, undef, undef); | |
301 | } | |
302 | } | |
303 | } | |
11c955be | 304 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
305 | # At this point $n is an object and $d is either an object or undefined. An |
306 | # undefined $d means that $d was not specified by the caller (not that $d | |
307 | # was specified as an undefined value). | |
11c955be | 308 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
309 | unless (defined $d) { |
310 | #return $n -> copy($n) if $n -> isa('Math::BigRat'); | |
311 | return $class -> copy($n) if $n -> isa('Math::BigRat'); | |
312 | return $class -> bnan() if $n -> is_nan(); | |
313 | return $class -> binf($n -> sign()) if $n -> is_inf(); | |
11c955be | 314 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
315 | if ($n -> isa('Math::BigInt')) { |
316 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _new($n -> copy() -> babs() -> bstr()); | |
317 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _one(); | |
318 | $self -> {sign} = $n -> sign(); | |
319 | return $self; | |
11c955be | 320 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
321 | |
322 | if ($n -> isa('Math::BigFloat')) { | |
323 | my $m = $n -> mantissa() -> babs(); | |
324 | my $e = $n -> exponent(); | |
325 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _new($m -> bstr()); | |
326 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _one(); | |
327 | ||
328 | if ($e > 0) { | |
329 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _lsft($self -> {_n}, | |
330 | $MBI -> _new($e -> bstr()), 10); | |
331 | } elsif ($e < 0) { | |
332 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _lsft($self -> {_d}, | |
333 | $MBI -> _new(-$e -> bstr()), 10); | |
334 | ||
335 | my $gcd = $MBI -> _gcd($MBI -> _copy($self -> {_n}), $self -> {_d}); | |
336 | if (!$MBI -> _is_one($gcd)) { | |
337 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _div($self->{_n}, $gcd); | |
338 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _div($self->{_d}, $gcd); | |
339 | } | |
340 | } | |
341 | ||
342 | $self -> {sign} = $n -> sign(); | |
343 | return $self; | |
11c955be | 344 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
345 | |
346 | die "I don't know how to handle this"; # should never get here | |
184f15d5 | 347 | } |
12fc2493 | 348 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
349 | # At the point we know that both $n and $d are defined. We know that $n is |
350 | # an object, but $d might still be a scalar. Now handle $d. | |
11c955be | 351 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
352 | $d = Math::BigFloat -> new($d, undef, undef) |
353 | unless ref($d) && ($d -> isa('Math::BigRat') || | |
354 | $d -> isa('Math::BigInt') || | |
355 | $d -> isa('Math::BigFloat')); | |
12fc2493 | 356 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
357 | # At this point both $n and $d are objects. |
358 | ||
359 | return $class -> bnan() if $n -> is_nan() || $d -> is_nan(); | |
360 | ||
361 | # At this point neither $n nor $d is a NaN. | |
12fc2493 | 362 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
363 | if ($n -> is_zero()) { |
364 | return $class -> bnan() if $d -> is_zero(); # 0/0 = NaN | |
365 | return $class -> bzero(); | |
11c955be SH |
366 | } |
367 | ||
6320cdc0 | 368 | return $class -> binf($d -> sign()) if $d -> is_zero(); |
11c955be | 369 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
370 | # At this point, neither $n nor $d is a NaN or a zero. |
371 | ||
372 | if ($d < 0) { # make sure denominator is positive | |
373 | $n -> bneg(); | |
374 | $d -> bneg(); | |
11c955be SH |
375 | } |
376 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
377 | if ($n -> is_inf()) { |
378 | return $class -> bnan() if $d -> is_inf(); # Inf/Inf = NaN | |
379 | return $class -> binf($n -> sign()); | |
380 | } | |
11c955be | 381 | |
6320cdc0 | 382 | # At this point $n is finite. |
11c955be | 383 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
384 | return $class -> bzero() if $d -> is_inf(); |
385 | return $class -> binf($d -> sign()) if $d -> is_zero(); | |
11c955be | 386 | |
6320cdc0 | 387 | # At this point both $n and $d are finite and non-zero. |
990fb837 | 388 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
389 | if ($n < 0) { |
390 | $n -> bneg(); | |
391 | $self -> {sign} = '-'; | |
392 | } else { | |
393 | $self -> {sign} = '+'; | |
11c955be SH |
394 | } |
395 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
396 | if ($n -> isa('Math::BigRat')) { |
397 | ||
398 | if ($d -> isa('Math::BigRat')) { | |
399 | ||
400 | # At this point both $n and $d is a Math::BigRat. | |
401 | ||
402 | # p r p * s (p / gcd(p, r)) * (s / gcd(s, q)) | |
403 | # - / - = ----- = --------------------------------- | |
404 | # q s q * r (q / gcd(s, q)) * (r / gcd(p, r)) | |
405 | ||
406 | my $p = $n -> {_n}; | |
407 | my $q = $n -> {_d}; | |
408 | my $r = $d -> {_n}; | |
409 | my $s = $d -> {_d}; | |
410 | my $gcd_pr = $MBI -> _gcd($MBI -> _copy($p), $r); | |
411 | my $gcd_sq = $MBI -> _gcd($MBI -> _copy($s), $q); | |
412 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _mul($MBI -> _div($MBI -> _copy($p), $gcd_pr), | |
413 | $MBI -> _div($MBI -> _copy($s), $gcd_sq)); | |
414 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _mul($MBI -> _div($MBI -> _copy($q), $gcd_sq), | |
415 | $MBI -> _div($MBI -> _copy($r), $gcd_pr)); | |
416 | ||
417 | return $self; # no need for $self -> bnorm() here | |
11c955be | 418 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
419 | |
420 | # At this point, $n is a Math::BigRat and $d is a Math::Big(Int|Float). | |
421 | ||
422 | my $p = $n -> {_n}; | |
423 | my $q = $n -> {_d}; | |
424 | my $m = $d -> mantissa(); | |
425 | my $e = $d -> exponent(); | |
426 | ||
427 | # / p | |
428 | # | ------------ if e > 0 | |
429 | # | q * m * 10^e | |
430 | # | | |
431 | # p | p | |
432 | # - / (m * 10^e) = | ----- if e == 0 | |
433 | # q | q * m | |
434 | # | | |
435 | # | p * 10^-e | |
436 | # | -------- if e < 0 | |
437 | # \ q * m | |
438 | ||
439 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _copy($p); | |
440 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _mul($MBI -> _copy($q), $m); | |
441 | if ($e > 0) { | |
442 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _lsft($self -> {_d}, $e, 10); | |
443 | } elsif ($e < 0) { | |
444 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _lsft($self -> {_n}, -$e, 10); | |
11c955be | 445 | } |
184f15d5 | 446 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
447 | return $self -> bnorm(); |
448 | ||
449 | } else { | |
450 | ||
451 | if ($d -> isa('Math::BigRat')) { | |
452 | ||
453 | # At this point $n is a Math::Big(Int|Float) and $d is a | |
454 | # Math::BigRat. | |
455 | ||
456 | my $m = $n -> mantissa(); | |
457 | my $e = $n -> exponent(); | |
458 | my $p = $d -> {_n}; | |
459 | my $q = $d -> {_d}; | |
460 | ||
461 | # / q * m * 10^e | |
462 | # | ------------ if e > 0 | |
463 | # | p | |
464 | # | | |
465 | # p | m * q | |
466 | # (m * 10^e) / - = | ----- if e == 0 | |
467 | # q | p | |
468 | # | | |
469 | # | q * m | |
470 | # | --------- if e < 0 | |
471 | # \ p * 10^-e | |
472 | ||
473 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _mul($MBI -> _copy($q), $m); | |
474 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _copy($p); | |
475 | if ($e > 0) { | |
476 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _lsft($self -> {_n}, $e, 10); | |
477 | } elsif ($e < 0) { | |
478 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _lsft($self -> {_d}, -$e, 10); | |
479 | } | |
480 | return $self -> bnorm(); | |
481 | ||
482 | } else { | |
483 | ||
484 | # At this point $n and $d are both a Math::Big(Int|Float) | |
485 | ||
486 | my $m1 = $n -> mantissa(); | |
487 | my $e1 = $n -> exponent(); | |
488 | my $m2 = $d -> mantissa(); | |
489 | my $e2 = $d -> exponent(); | |
490 | ||
491 | # / | |
492 | # | m1 * 10^(e1 - e2) | |
493 | # | ----------------- if e1 > e2 | |
494 | # | m2 | |
495 | # | | |
496 | # m1 * 10^e1 | m1 | |
497 | # ---------- = | -- if e1 = e2 | |
498 | # m2 * 10^e2 | m2 | |
499 | # | | |
500 | # | m1 | |
501 | # | ----------------- if e1 < e2 | |
502 | # | m2 * 10^(e2 - e1) | |
503 | # \ | |
504 | ||
505 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _new($m1 -> bstr()); | |
506 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _new($m2 -> bstr()); | |
507 | my $ediff = $e1 - $e2; | |
508 | if ($ediff > 0) { | |
509 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _lsft($self -> {_n}, | |
510 | $MBI -> _new($ediff -> bstr()), | |
511 | 10); | |
512 | } elsif ($ediff < 0) { | |
513 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _lsft($self -> {_d}, | |
514 | $MBI -> _new(-$ediff -> bstr()), | |
515 | 10); | |
516 | } | |
517 | ||
518 | return $self -> bnorm(); | |
11c955be | 519 | } |
184f15d5 | 520 | } |
184f15d5 | 521 | |
6320cdc0 | 522 | return $self; |
11c955be | 523 | } |
b68b7ab1 | 524 | |
11c955be SH |
525 | sub copy { |
526 | my $self = shift; | |
527 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
528 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
9b924220 | 529 | |
11c955be | 530 | # If called as a class method, the object to copy is the next argument. |
9b924220 | 531 | |
11c955be SH |
532 | $self = shift() unless $selfref; |
533 | ||
534 | my $copy = bless {}, $class; | |
535 | ||
536 | $copy->{sign} = $self->{sign}; | |
537 | $copy->{_d} = $MBI->_copy($self->{_d}); | |
538 | $copy->{_n} = $MBI->_copy($self->{_n}); | |
539 | $copy->{_a} = $self->{_a} if defined $self->{_a}; | |
540 | $copy->{_p} = $self->{_p} if defined $self->{_p}; | |
541 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
542 | #($copy, $copy->{_a}, $copy->{_p}) |
543 | # = $copy->_find_round_parameters(@_); | |
544 | ||
545 | return $copy; | |
546 | } | |
547 | ||
548 | sub bnan { | |
549 | my $self = shift; | |
550 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
551 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
552 | ||
553 | $self = bless {}, $class unless $selfref; | |
554 | ||
555 | if ($_trap_nan) { | |
556 | Carp::croak ("Tried to set a variable to NaN in $class->bnan()"); | |
557 | } | |
558 | ||
559 | $self -> {sign} = $nan; | |
560 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _zero(); | |
561 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _one(); | |
562 | ||
563 | ($self, $self->{_a}, $self->{_p}) | |
564 | = $self->_find_round_parameters(@_); | |
565 | ||
566 | return $self; | |
567 | } | |
568 | ||
569 | sub binf { | |
570 | my $self = shift; | |
571 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
572 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
573 | ||
574 | $self = bless {}, $class unless $selfref; | |
575 | ||
576 | my $sign = shift(); | |
577 | $sign = defined($sign) && substr($sign, 0, 1) eq '-' ? '-inf' : '+inf'; | |
578 | ||
579 | if ($_trap_inf) { | |
580 | Carp::croak ("Tried to set a variable to +-inf in $class->binf()"); | |
581 | } | |
582 | ||
583 | $self -> {sign} = $sign; | |
584 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _zero(); | |
585 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _one(); | |
586 | ||
587 | ($self, $self->{_a}, $self->{_p}) | |
588 | = $self->_find_round_parameters(@_); | |
589 | ||
590 | return $self; | |
591 | } | |
592 | ||
593 | sub bone { | |
594 | my $self = shift; | |
595 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
596 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
597 | ||
598 | $self = bless {}, $class unless $selfref; | |
599 | ||
600 | my $sign = shift(); | |
601 | $sign = '+' unless defined($sign) && $sign eq '-'; | |
602 | ||
603 | $self -> {sign} = $sign; | |
604 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _one(); | |
605 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _one(); | |
606 | ||
607 | ($self, $self->{_a}, $self->{_p}) | |
608 | = $self->_find_round_parameters(@_); | |
609 | ||
610 | return $self; | |
611 | } | |
612 | ||
613 | sub bzero { | |
614 | my $self = shift; | |
615 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
616 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
617 | ||
618 | $self = bless {}, $class unless $selfref; | |
619 | ||
620 | $self -> {sign} = '+'; | |
621 | $self -> {_n} = $MBI -> _zero(); | |
622 | $self -> {_d} = $MBI -> _one(); | |
623 | ||
624 | ($self, $self->{_a}, $self->{_p}) | |
625 | = $self->_find_round_parameters(@_); | |
626 | ||
627 | return $self; | |
11c955be | 628 | } |
9b924220 | 629 | |
990fb837 RGS |
630 | ############################################################################## |
631 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
632 | sub config { |
633 | # return (later set?) configuration data as hash ref | |
634 | my $class = shift() || 'Math::BigRat'; | |
990fb837 | 635 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
636 | if (@_ == 1 && ref($_[0]) ne 'HASH') { |
637 | my $cfg = $class->SUPER::config(); | |
638 | return $cfg->{$_[0]}; | |
116a1b2f SP |
639 | } |
640 | ||
6320cdc0 | 641 | my $cfg = $class->SUPER::config(@_); |
990fb837 | 642 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
643 | # now we need only to override the ones that are different from our parent |
644 | $cfg->{class} = $class; | |
645 | $cfg->{with} = $MBI; | |
646 | ||
647 | $cfg; | |
648 | } | |
990fb837 RGS |
649 | |
650 | ############################################################################## | |
8f675a64 | 651 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
652 | sub bstr { |
653 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
184f15d5 | 654 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
655 | if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) { # inf, NaN etc |
656 | my $s = $x->{sign}; | |
657 | $s =~ s/^\+//; # +inf => inf | |
658 | return $s; | |
184f15d5 JH |
659 | } |
660 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
661 | my $s = ''; |
662 | $s = $x->{sign} if $x->{sign} ne '+'; # '+3/2' => '3/2' | |
184f15d5 | 663 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
664 | return $s . $MBI->_str($x->{_n}) if $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d}); |
665 | $s . $MBI->_str($x->{_n}) . '/' . $MBI->_str($x->{_d}); | |
666 | } | |
184f15d5 | 667 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
668 | sub bsstr { |
669 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
184f15d5 | 670 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
671 | if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) { # inf, NaN etc |
672 | my $s = $x->{sign}; | |
673 | $s =~ s/^\+//; # +inf => inf | |
674 | return $s; | |
184f15d5 | 675 | } |
ccbfef19 | 676 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
677 | my $s = ''; |
678 | $s = $x->{sign} if $x->{sign} ne '+'; # +3 vs 3 | |
679 | $s . $MBI->_str($x->{_n}) . '/' . $MBI->_str($x->{_d}); | |
680 | } | |
184f15d5 | 681 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
682 | sub bnorm { |
683 | # reduce the number to the shortest form | |
684 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
184f15d5 | 685 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
686 | # Both parts must be objects of whatever we are using today. |
687 | if (my $c = $MBI->_check($x->{_n})) { | |
11c955be | 688 | Carp::croak("n did not pass the self-check ($c) in bnorm()"); |
990fb837 | 689 | } |
6320cdc0 | 690 | if (my $c = $MBI->_check($x->{_d})) { |
11c955be | 691 | Carp::croak("d did not pass the self-check ($c) in bnorm()"); |
990fb837 | 692 | } |
6de7f0cc | 693 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
694 | # no normalize for NaN, inf etc. |
695 | return $x if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; | |
6de7f0cc | 696 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
697 | # normalize zeros to 0/1 |
698 | if ($MBI->_is_zero($x->{_n})) { | |
699 | $x->{sign} = '+'; # never leave a -0 | |
700 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_one() unless $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d}); | |
701 | return $x; | |
184f15d5 JH |
702 | } |
703 | ||
6320cdc0 | 704 | return $x if $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d}); # no need to reduce |
6de7f0cc | 705 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
706 | # Compute the GCD. |
707 | my $gcd = $MBI->_gcd($MBI->_copy($x->{_n}), $x->{_d}); | |
708 | if (!$MBI->_is_one($gcd)) { | |
709 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_div($x->{_n}, $gcd); | |
710 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_div($x->{_d}, $gcd); | |
184f15d5 | 711 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
712 | |
713 | $x; | |
714 | } | |
184f15d5 JH |
715 | |
716 | ############################################################################## | |
b68b7ab1 T |
717 | # sign manipulation |
718 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
719 | sub bneg { |
720 | # (BRAT or num_str) return BRAT | |
721 | # negate number or make a negated number from string | |
722 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
b68b7ab1 | 723 | |
6320cdc0 | 724 | return $x if $x->modify('bneg'); |
b68b7ab1 | 725 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
726 | # for +0 do not negate (to have always normalized +0). Does nothing for 'NaN' |
727 | $x->{sign} =~ tr/+-/-+/ | |
728 | unless ($x->{sign} eq '+' && $MBI->_is_zero($x->{_n})); | |
729 | $x; | |
730 | } | |
b68b7ab1 T |
731 | |
732 | ############################################################################## | |
184f15d5 JH |
733 | # special values |
734 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
735 | sub _bnan { |
736 | # used by parent class bnan() to initialize number to NaN | |
737 | my $self = shift; | |
990fb837 | 738 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
739 | if ($_trap_nan) { |
740 | my $class = ref($self); | |
741 | # "$self" below will stringify the object, this blows up if $self is a | |
742 | # partial object (happens under trap_nan), so fix it beforehand | |
743 | $self->{_d} = $MBI->_zero() unless defined $self->{_d}; | |
744 | $self->{_n} = $MBI->_zero() unless defined $self->{_n}; | |
745 | Carp::croak ("Tried to set $self to NaN in $class\::_bnan()"); | |
990fb837 | 746 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
747 | $self->{_n} = $MBI->_zero(); |
748 | $self->{_d} = $MBI->_zero(); | |
749 | } | |
184f15d5 | 750 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
751 | sub _binf { |
752 | # used by parent class bone() to initialize number to +inf/-inf | |
753 | my $self = shift; | |
990fb837 | 754 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
755 | if ($_trap_inf) { |
756 | my $class = ref($self); | |
757 | # "$self" below will stringify the object, this blows up if $self is a | |
758 | # partial object (happens under trap_nan), so fix it beforehand | |
759 | $self->{_d} = $MBI->_zero() unless defined $self->{_d}; | |
760 | $self->{_n} = $MBI->_zero() unless defined $self->{_n}; | |
761 | Carp::croak ("Tried to set $self to inf in $class\::_binf()"); | |
990fb837 | 762 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
763 | $self->{_n} = $MBI->_zero(); |
764 | $self->{_d} = $MBI->_zero(); | |
765 | } | |
766 | ||
767 | sub _bone { | |
768 | # used by parent class bone() to initialize number to +1/-1 | |
769 | my $self = shift; | |
770 | $self->{_n} = $MBI->_one(); | |
771 | $self->{_d} = $MBI->_one(); | |
772 | } | |
773 | ||
774 | sub _bzero { | |
775 | # used by parent class bzero() to initialize number to 0 | |
776 | my $self = shift; | |
777 | $self->{_n} = $MBI->_zero(); | |
778 | $self->{_d} = $MBI->_one(); | |
779 | } | |
184f15d5 JH |
780 | |
781 | ############################################################################## | |
782 | # mul/add/div etc | |
783 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
784 | sub badd { |
785 | # add two rational numbers | |
7d341013 | 786 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
787 | # set up parameters |
788 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
789 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
790 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
791 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
7d341013 | 792 | } |
184f15d5 | 793 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
794 | # +inf + +inf => +inf, -inf + -inf => -inf |
795 | return $x->binf(substr($x->{sign}, 0, 1)) | |
796 | if $x->{sign} eq $y->{sign} && $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/; | |
184f15d5 | 797 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
798 | # +inf + -inf or -inf + +inf => NaN |
799 | return $x->bnan() if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/ || $y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/); | |
184f15d5 | 800 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
801 | # 1 1 gcd(3, 4) = 1 1*3 + 1*4 7 |
802 | # - + - = --------- = -- | |
803 | # 4 3 4*3 12 | |
184f15d5 | 804 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
805 | # we do not compute the gcd() here, but simple do: |
806 | # 5 7 5*3 + 7*4 43 | |
807 | # - + - = --------- = -- | |
808 | # 4 3 4*3 12 | |
ccbfef19 | 809 | |
6320cdc0 | 810 | # and bnorm() will then take care of the rest |
184f15d5 | 811 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
812 | # 5 * 3 |
813 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_mul($x->{_n}, $y->{_d}); | |
7d341013 | 814 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
815 | # 7 * 4 |
816 | my $m = $MBI->_mul($MBI->_copy($y->{_n}), $x->{_d}); | |
184f15d5 | 817 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
818 | # 5 * 3 + 7 * 4 |
819 | ($x->{_n}, $x->{sign}) = _e_add($x->{_n}, $m, $x->{sign}, $y->{sign}); | |
184f15d5 | 820 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
821 | # 4 * 3 |
822 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_mul($x->{_d}, $y->{_d}); | |
184f15d5 | 823 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
824 | # normalize result, and possible round |
825 | $x->bnorm()->round(@r); | |
826 | } | |
184f15d5 | 827 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
828 | sub bsub { |
829 | # subtract two rational numbers | |
7d341013 | 830 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
831 | # set up parameters |
832 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
833 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
834 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
835 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
7d341013 | 836 | } |
184f15d5 | 837 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
838 | # flip sign of $x, call badd(), then flip sign of result |
839 | $x->{sign} =~ tr/+-/-+/ | |
840 | unless $x->{sign} eq '+' && $MBI->_is_zero($x->{_n}); # not -0 | |
841 | $x->badd($y, @r); # does norm and round | |
842 | $x->{sign} =~ tr/+-/-+/ | |
843 | unless $x->{sign} eq '+' && $MBI->_is_zero($x->{_n}); # not -0 | |
844 | ||
845 | $x; | |
846 | } | |
847 | ||
848 | sub bmul { | |
849 | # multiply two rational numbers | |
850 | ||
851 | # set up parameters | |
852 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
853 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
854 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
855 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
7d341013 | 856 | } |
184f15d5 | 857 | |
6320cdc0 | 858 | return $x->bnan() if ($x->{sign} eq 'NaN' || $y->{sign} eq 'NaN'); |
184f15d5 | 859 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
860 | # inf handling |
861 | if (($x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/) || ($y->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/)) { | |
862 | return $x->bnan() if $x->is_zero() || $y->is_zero(); | |
863 | # result will always be +-inf: | |
864 | # +inf * +/+inf => +inf, -inf * -/-inf => +inf | |
865 | # +inf * -/-inf => -inf, -inf * +/+inf => -inf | |
866 | return $x->binf() if ($x->{sign} =~ /^\+/ && $y->{sign} =~ /^\+/); | |
867 | return $x->binf() if ($x->{sign} =~ /^-/ && $y->{sign} =~ /^-/); | |
868 | return $x->binf('-'); | |
184f15d5 JH |
869 | } |
870 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
871 | # x== 0 # also: or y == 1 or y == -1 |
872 | return wantarray ? ($x, $class->bzero()) : $x if $x->is_zero(); | |
184f15d5 | 873 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
874 | # XXX TODO: |
875 | # According to Knuth, this can be optimized by doing gcd twice (for d and n) | |
876 | # and reducing in one step. This would save us the bnorm() at the end. | |
184f15d5 | 877 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
878 | # 1 2 1 * 2 2 1 |
879 | # - * - = ----- = - = - | |
880 | # 4 3 4 * 3 12 6 | |
ccbfef19 | 881 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
882 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_mul($x->{_n}, $y->{_n}); |
883 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_mul($x->{_d}, $y->{_d}); | |
184f15d5 | 884 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
885 | # compute new sign |
886 | $x->{sign} = $x->{sign} eq $y->{sign} ? '+' : '-'; | |
184f15d5 | 887 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
888 | $x->bnorm()->round(@r); |
889 | } | |
184f15d5 | 890 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
891 | sub bdiv { |
892 | # (dividend: BRAT or num_str, divisor: BRAT or num_str) return | |
893 | # (BRAT, BRAT) (quo, rem) or BRAT (only rem) | |
7d341013 | 894 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
895 | # set up parameters |
896 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
897 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
898 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
899 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
7d341013 | 900 | } |
184f15d5 | 901 | |
6320cdc0 | 902 | return $x if $x->modify('bdiv'); |
184f15d5 | 903 | |
6320cdc0 | 904 | my $wantarray = wantarray; # call only once |
3f185657 PJA |
905 | |
906 | # At least one argument is NaN. This is handled the same way as in | |
907 | # Math::BigInt -> bdiv(). See the comments in the code implementing that | |
908 | # method. | |
909 | ||
910 | if ($x -> is_nan() || $y -> is_nan()) { | |
6320cdc0 | 911 | return $wantarray ? ($x -> bnan(), $class -> bnan()) : $x -> bnan(); |
3f185657 PJA |
912 | } |
913 | ||
914 | # Divide by zero and modulo zero. This is handled the same way as in | |
915 | # Math::BigInt -> bdiv(). See the comments in the code implementing that | |
916 | # method. | |
917 | ||
918 | if ($y -> is_zero()) { | |
919 | my ($quo, $rem); | |
920 | if ($wantarray) { | |
921 | $rem = $x -> copy(); | |
922 | } | |
923 | if ($x -> is_zero()) { | |
924 | $quo = $x -> bnan(); | |
925 | } else { | |
926 | $quo = $x -> binf($x -> {sign}); | |
927 | } | |
928 | return $wantarray ? ($quo, $rem) : $quo; | |
929 | } | |
930 | ||
931 | # Numerator (dividend) is +/-inf. This is handled the same way as in | |
932 | # Math::BigInt -> bdiv(). See the comments in the code implementing that | |
933 | # method. | |
934 | ||
935 | if ($x -> is_inf()) { | |
936 | my ($quo, $rem); | |
6320cdc0 | 937 | $rem = $class -> bnan() if $wantarray; |
3f185657 PJA |
938 | if ($y -> is_inf()) { |
939 | $quo = $x -> bnan(); | |
940 | } else { | |
941 | my $sign = $x -> bcmp(0) == $y -> bcmp(0) ? '+' : '-'; | |
942 | $quo = $x -> binf($sign); | |
943 | } | |
6320cdc0 SH |
944 | return $wantarray ? ($quo, $rem) : $quo; |
945 | } | |
946 | ||
947 | # Denominator (divisor) is +/-inf. This is handled the same way as in | |
948 | # Math::BigFloat -> bdiv(). See the comments in the code implementing that | |
949 | # method. | |
950 | ||
951 | if ($y -> is_inf()) { | |
952 | my ($quo, $rem); | |
953 | if ($wantarray) { | |
954 | if ($x -> is_zero() || $x -> bcmp(0) == $y -> bcmp(0)) { | |
955 | $rem = $x -> copy(); | |
956 | $quo = $x -> bzero(); | |
957 | } else { | |
958 | $rem = $class -> binf($y -> {sign}); | |
959 | $quo = $x -> bone('-'); | |
960 | } | |
961 | return ($quo, $rem); | |
962 | } else { | |
963 | if ($y -> is_inf()) { | |
964 | if ($x -> is_nan() || $x -> is_inf()) { | |
965 | return $x -> bnan(); | |
966 | } else { | |
967 | return $x -> bzero(); | |
968 | } | |
969 | } | |
970 | } | |
971 | } | |
972 | ||
973 | # At this point, both the numerator and denominator are finite numbers, and | |
974 | # the denominator (divisor) is non-zero. | |
975 | ||
976 | # x == 0? | |
977 | return wantarray ? ($x, $class->bzero()) : $x if $x->is_zero(); | |
978 | ||
979 | # XXX TODO: list context, upgrade | |
980 | # According to Knuth, this can be optimized by doing gcd twice (for d and n) | |
981 | # and reducing in one step. This would save us the bnorm() at the end. | |
982 | ||
983 | # 1 1 1 3 | |
984 | # - / - == - * - | |
985 | # 4 3 4 1 | |
986 | ||
987 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_mul($x->{_n}, $y->{_d}); | |
988 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_mul($x->{_d}, $y->{_n}); | |
989 | ||
990 | # compute new sign | |
991 | $x->{sign} = $x->{sign} eq $y->{sign} ? '+' : '-'; | |
992 | ||
993 | $x -> bnorm(); | |
994 | if (wantarray) { | |
995 | my $rem = $x -> copy(); | |
996 | $x -> bfloor(); | |
997 | $x -> round(@r); | |
998 | $rem -> bsub($x -> copy()) -> bmul($y); | |
999 | return $x, $rem; | |
1000 | } else { | |
1001 | $x -> round(@r); | |
1002 | return $x; | |
1003 | } | |
1004 | } | |
1005 | ||
1006 | sub bmod { | |
1007 | # compute "remainder" (in Perl way) of $x / $y | |
1008 | ||
1009 | # set up parameters | |
1010 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1011 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1012 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1013 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
1014 | } | |
1015 | ||
1016 | return $x if $x->modify('bmod'); | |
1017 | ||
1018 | # At least one argument is NaN. This is handled the same way as in | |
1019 | # Math::BigInt -> bmod(). | |
1020 | ||
1021 | if ($x -> is_nan() || $y -> is_nan()) { | |
1022 | return $x -> bnan(); | |
1023 | } | |
1024 | ||
1025 | # Modulo zero. This is handled the same way as in Math::BigInt -> bmod(). | |
1026 | ||
1027 | if ($y -> is_zero()) { | |
1028 | return $x; | |
1029 | } | |
1030 | ||
1031 | # Numerator (dividend) is +/-inf. This is handled the same way as in | |
1032 | # Math::BigInt -> bmod(). | |
1033 | ||
1034 | if ($x -> is_inf()) { | |
1035 | return $x -> bnan(); | |
1036 | } | |
1037 | ||
1038 | # Denominator (divisor) is +/-inf. This is handled the same way as in | |
1039 | # Math::BigInt -> bmod(). | |
1040 | ||
1041 | if ($y -> is_inf()) { | |
1042 | if ($x -> is_zero() || $x -> bcmp(0) == $y -> bcmp(0)) { | |
1043 | return $x; | |
1044 | } else { | |
1045 | return $x -> binf($y -> sign()); | |
1046 | } | |
1047 | } | |
1048 | ||
1049 | # At this point, both the numerator and denominator are finite numbers, and | |
1050 | # the denominator (divisor) is non-zero. | |
1051 | ||
1052 | return $x if $x->is_zero(); # 0 / 7 = 0, mod 0 | |
1053 | ||
1054 | # Compute $x - $y * floor($x/$y). This can probably be optimized by working | |
1055 | # on a lower level. | |
1056 | ||
1057 | $x -> bsub($x -> copy() -> bdiv($y) -> bfloor() -> bmul($y)); | |
1058 | return $x -> round(@r); | |
1059 | } | |
1060 | ||
1061 | ############################################################################## | |
1062 | # bdec/binc | |
1063 | ||
1064 | sub bdec { | |
1065 | # decrement value (subtract 1) | |
1066 | my ($class, $x, @r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), @_) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1067 | ||
1068 | return $x if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; # NaN, inf, -inf | |
1069 | ||
1070 | if ($x->{sign} eq '-') { | |
1071 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_add($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}); # -5/2 => -7/2 | |
1072 | } else { | |
1073 | if ($MBI->_acmp($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}) < 0) # n < d? | |
1074 | { | |
1075 | # 1/3 -- => -2/3 | |
1076 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_sub($MBI->_copy($x->{_d}), $x->{_n}); | |
1077 | $x->{sign} = '-'; | |
1078 | } else { | |
1079 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_sub($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}); # 5/2 => 3/2 | |
1080 | } | |
1081 | } | |
1082 | $x->bnorm()->round(@r); | |
1083 | } | |
1084 | ||
1085 | sub binc { | |
1086 | # increment value (add 1) | |
1087 | my ($class, $x, @r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), @_) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1088 | ||
1089 | return $x if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; # NaN, inf, -inf | |
1090 | ||
1091 | if ($x->{sign} eq '-') { | |
1092 | if ($MBI->_acmp($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}) < 0) { | |
1093 | # -1/3 ++ => 2/3 (overflow at 0) | |
1094 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_sub($MBI->_copy($x->{_d}), $x->{_n}); | |
1095 | $x->{sign} = '+'; | |
1096 | } else { | |
1097 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_sub($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}); # -5/2 => -3/2 | |
1098 | } | |
1099 | } else { | |
1100 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_add($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}); # 5/2 => 7/2 | |
1101 | } | |
1102 | $x->bnorm()->round(@r); | |
1103 | } | |
1104 | ||
1105 | ############################################################################## | |
1106 | # is_foo methods (the rest is inherited) | |
1107 | ||
1108 | sub is_int { | |
1109 | # return true if arg (BRAT or num_str) is an integer | |
1110 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1111 | ||
1112 | return 1 if ($x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]$/) && # NaN and +-inf aren't | |
1113 | $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d}); # x/y && y != 1 => no integer | |
1114 | 0; | |
1115 | } | |
1116 | ||
1117 | sub is_zero { | |
1118 | # return true if arg (BRAT or num_str) is zero | |
1119 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1120 | ||
1121 | return 1 if $x->{sign} eq '+' && $MBI->_is_zero($x->{_n}); | |
1122 | 0; | |
1123 | } | |
1124 | ||
1125 | sub is_one { | |
1126 | # return true if arg (BRAT or num_str) is +1 or -1 if signis given | |
1127 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1128 | ||
1129 | my $sign = $_[2] || ''; $sign = '+' if $sign ne '-'; | |
1130 | return 1 | |
1131 | if ($x->{sign} eq $sign && $MBI->_is_one($x->{_n}) && $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d})); | |
1132 | 0; | |
1133 | } | |
1134 | ||
1135 | sub is_odd { | |
1136 | # return true if arg (BFLOAT or num_str) is odd or false if even | |
1137 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1138 | ||
1139 | return 1 if ($x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]$/) && # NaN & +-inf aren't | |
1140 | ($MBI->_is_one($x->{_d}) && $MBI->_is_odd($x->{_n})); # x/2 is not, but 3/1 | |
1141 | 0; | |
1142 | } | |
1143 | ||
1144 | sub is_even { | |
1145 | # return true if arg (BINT or num_str) is even or false if odd | |
1146 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1147 | ||
1148 | return 0 if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; # NaN & +-inf aren't | |
1149 | return 1 if ($MBI->_is_one($x->{_d}) # x/3 is never | |
1150 | && $MBI->_is_even($x->{_n})); # but 4/1 is | |
1151 | 0; | |
1152 | } | |
1153 | ||
1154 | ############################################################################## | |
1155 | # parts() and friends | |
1156 | ||
1157 | sub numerator { | |
1158 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1159 | ||
1160 | # NaN, inf, -inf | |
1161 | return Math::BigInt->new($x->{sign}) if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/); | |
1162 | ||
1163 | my $n = Math::BigInt->new($MBI->_str($x->{_n})); | |
1164 | $n->{sign} = $x->{sign}; | |
1165 | $n; | |
1166 | } | |
1167 | ||
1168 | sub denominator { | |
1169 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1170 | ||
1171 | # NaN | |
1172 | return Math::BigInt->new($x->{sign}) if $x->{sign} eq 'NaN'; | |
1173 | # inf, -inf | |
1174 | return Math::BigInt->bone() if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; | |
1175 | ||
1176 | Math::BigInt->new($MBI->_str($x->{_d})); | |
1177 | } | |
1178 | ||
1179 | sub parts { | |
1180 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1181 | ||
1182 | my $c = 'Math::BigInt'; | |
1183 | ||
1184 | return ($c->bnan(), $c->bnan()) if $x->{sign} eq 'NaN'; | |
1185 | return ($c->binf(), $c->binf()) if $x->{sign} eq '+inf'; | |
1186 | return ($c->binf('-'), $c->binf()) if $x->{sign} eq '-inf'; | |
1187 | ||
1188 | my $n = $c->new($MBI->_str($x->{_n})); | |
1189 | $n->{sign} = $x->{sign}; | |
1190 | my $d = $c->new($MBI->_str($x->{_d})); | |
1191 | ($n, $d); | |
1192 | } | |
1193 | ||
1194 | sub length { | |
1195 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1196 | ||
1197 | return $nan unless $x->is_int(); | |
1198 | $MBI->_len($x->{_n}); # length(-123/1) => length(123) | |
1199 | } | |
1200 | ||
1201 | sub digit { | |
1202 | my ($class, $x, $n) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0], $_[1]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1203 | ||
1204 | return $nan unless $x->is_int(); | |
1205 | $MBI->_digit($x->{_n}, $n || 0); # digit(-123/1, 2) => digit(123, 2) | |
1206 | } | |
1207 | ||
1208 | ############################################################################## | |
1209 | # special calc routines | |
1210 | ||
1211 | sub bceil { | |
1212 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1213 | ||
1214 | return $x if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/ || # not for NaN, inf | |
1215 | $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d})); # 22/1 => 22, 0/1 => 0 | |
1216 | ||
1217 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_div($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}); # 22/7 => 3/1 w/ truncate | |
1218 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_one(); # d => 1 | |
1219 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_inc($x->{_n}) if $x->{sign} eq '+'; # +22/7 => 4/1 | |
1220 | $x->{sign} = '+' if $x->{sign} eq '-' && $MBI->_is_zero($x->{_n}); # -0 => 0 | |
1221 | $x; | |
1222 | } | |
1223 | ||
1224 | sub bfloor { | |
1225 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1226 | ||
1227 | return $x if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/ || # not for NaN, inf | |
1228 | $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d})); # 22/1 => 22, 0/1 => 0 | |
1229 | ||
1230 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_div($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}); # 22/7 => 3/1 w/ truncate | |
1231 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_one(); # d => 1 | |
1232 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_inc($x->{_n}) if $x->{sign} eq '-'; # -22/7 => -4/1 | |
1233 | $x; | |
1234 | } | |
1235 | ||
1236 | sub bint { | |
1237 | my ($class, $x, @r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1238 | ||
1239 | return $x if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/ || # +/-inf or NaN | |
1240 | $MBI -> _is_one($x->{_d})); # already an integer | |
1241 | ||
1242 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_div($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}); # 22/7 => 3/1 w/ truncate | |
1243 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_one(); # d => 1 | |
1244 | $x->{sign} = '+' if $x->{sign} eq '-' && $MBI -> _is_zero($x->{_n}); | |
1245 | return $x; | |
1246 | } | |
1247 | ||
1248 | sub bfac { | |
1249 | my ($class, $x, @r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), @_) : objectify(1, @_); | |
1250 | ||
1251 | # if $x is not an integer | |
1252 | if (($x->{sign} ne '+') || (!$MBI->_is_one($x->{_d}))) { | |
1253 | return $x->bnan(); | |
1254 | } | |
1255 | ||
1256 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_fac($x->{_n}); | |
1257 | # since _d is 1, we don't need to reduce/norm the result | |
1258 | $x->round(@r); | |
1259 | } | |
1260 | ||
1261 | sub bpow { | |
1262 | # power ($x ** $y) | |
1263 | ||
1264 | # set up parameters | |
1265 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1266 | ||
1267 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1268 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1269 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
1270 | } | |
1271 | ||
1272 | return $x if $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/; # -inf/+inf ** x | |
1273 | return $x->bnan() if $x->{sign} eq $nan || $y->{sign} eq $nan; | |
1274 | return $x->bone(@r) if $y->is_zero(); | |
1275 | return $x->round(@r) if $x->is_one() || $y->is_one(); | |
1276 | ||
1277 | if ($x->{sign} eq '-' && $MBI->_is_one($x->{_n}) && $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d})) { | |
1278 | # if $x == -1 and odd/even y => +1/-1 | |
1279 | return $y->is_odd() ? $x->round(@r) : $x->babs()->round(@r); | |
1280 | # my Casio FX-5500L has a bug here: -1 ** 2 is -1, but -1 * -1 is 1; | |
1281 | } | |
1282 | # 1 ** -y => 1 / (1 ** |y|) | |
1283 | # so do test for negative $y after above's clause | |
1284 | ||
1285 | return $x->round(@r) if $x->is_zero(); # 0**y => 0 (if not y <= 0) | |
1286 | ||
1287 | # shortcut if y == 1/N (is then sqrt() respective broot()) | |
1288 | if ($MBI->_is_one($y->{_n})) { | |
1289 | return $x->bsqrt(@r) if $MBI->_is_two($y->{_d}); # 1/2 => sqrt | |
1290 | return $x->broot($MBI->_str($y->{_d}), @r); # 1/N => root(N) | |
1291 | } | |
1292 | ||
1293 | # shortcut y/1 (and/or x/1) | |
1294 | if ($MBI->_is_one($y->{_d})) { | |
1295 | # shortcut for x/1 and y/1 | |
1296 | if ($MBI->_is_one($x->{_d})) { | |
1297 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_pow($x->{_n}, $y->{_n}); # x/1 ** y/1 => (x ** y)/1 | |
1298 | if ($y->{sign} eq '-') { | |
1299 | # 0.2 ** -3 => 1/(0.2 ** 3) | |
1300 | ($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}) = ($x->{_d}, $x->{_n}); # swap | |
1301 | } | |
1302 | # correct sign; + ** + => + | |
1303 | if ($x->{sign} eq '-') { | |
1304 | # - * - => +, - * - * - => - | |
1305 | $x->{sign} = '+' if $x->{sign} eq '-' && $MBI->_is_even($y->{_n}); | |
1306 | } | |
1307 | return $x->round(@r); | |
1308 | } | |
1309 | ||
1310 | # x/z ** y/1 | |
1311 | $x->{_n} = $MBI->_pow($x->{_n}, $y->{_n}); # 5/2 ** y/1 => 5 ** y / 2 ** y | |
1312 | $x->{_d} = $MBI->_pow($x->{_d}, $y->{_n}); | |
1313 | if ($y->{sign} eq '-') { | |
1314 | # 0.2 ** -3 => 1/(0.2 ** 3) | |
1315 | ($x->{_n}, $x->{_d}) = ($x->{_d}, $x->{_n}); # swap | |
1316 | } | |
1317 | # correct sign; + ** + => + | |
1318 | ||
1319 | $x->{sign} = '+' if $x->{sign} eq '-' && $MBI->_is_even($y->{_n}); | |
1320 | return $x->round(@r); | |
1321 | } | |
1322 | ||
1323 | # print STDERR "# $x $y\n"; | |
1324 | ||
1325 | # otherwise: | |
1326 | ||
1327 | # n/d n ______________ | |
1328 | # a/b = -\/ (a/b) ** d | |
1329 | ||
1330 | # (a/b) ** n == (a ** n) / (b ** n) | |
1331 | $MBI->_pow($x->{_n}, $y->{_n}); | |
1332 | $MBI->_pow($x->{_d}, $y->{_n}); | |
1333 | ||
1334 | return $x->broot($MBI->_str($y->{_d}), @r); # n/d => root(n) | |
1335 | } | |
1336 | ||
1337 | sub blog { | |
1338 | # Return the logarithm of the operand. If a second operand is defined, that | |
1339 | # value is used as the base, otherwise the base is assumed to be Euler's | |
1340 | # constant. | |
1341 | ||
1342 | # Don't objectify the base, since an undefined base, as in $x->blog() or | |
1343 | # $x->blog(undef) signals that the base is Euler's number. | |
1344 | ||
1345 | # set up parameters | |
1346 | my ($class, $x, $base, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1347 | ||
1348 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1349 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1350 | ($class, $x, $base, @r) = objectify(1, @_); | |
1351 | } | |
1352 | ||
1353 | return $x if $x->modify('blog'); | |
1354 | ||
1355 | # Handle all exception cases and all trivial cases. I have used Wolfram Alpha | |
1356 | # (http://www.wolframalpha.com) as the reference for these cases. | |
1357 | ||
1358 | return $x -> bnan() if $x -> is_nan(); | |
1359 | ||
1360 | if (defined $base) { | |
1361 | $base = $class -> new($base) unless ref $base; | |
1362 | if ($base -> is_nan() || $base -> is_one()) { | |
1363 | return $x -> bnan(); | |
1364 | } elsif ($base -> is_inf() || $base -> is_zero()) { | |
1365 | return $x -> bnan() if $x -> is_inf() || $x -> is_zero(); | |
1366 | return $x -> bzero(); | |
1367 | } elsif ($base -> is_negative()) { # -inf < base < 0 | |
1368 | return $x -> bzero() if $x -> is_one(); # x = 1 | |
1369 | return $x -> bone() if $x == $base; # x = base | |
1370 | return $x -> bnan(); # otherwise | |
1371 | } | |
1372 | return $x -> bone() if $x == $base; # 0 < base && 0 < x < inf | |
1373 | } | |
1374 | ||
1375 | # We now know that the base is either undefined or positive and finite. | |
1376 | ||
1377 | if ($x -> is_inf()) { # x = +/-inf | |
1378 | my $sign = defined $base && $base < 1 ? '-' : '+'; | |
1379 | return $x -> binf($sign); | |
1380 | } elsif ($x -> is_neg()) { # -inf < x < 0 | |
1381 | return $x -> bnan(); | |
1382 | } elsif ($x -> is_one()) { # x = 1 | |
1383 | return $x -> bzero(); | |
1384 | } elsif ($x -> is_zero()) { # x = 0 | |
1385 | my $sign = defined $base && $base < 1 ? '+' : '-'; | |
1386 | return $x -> binf($sign); | |
1387 | } | |
1388 | ||
1389 | # At this point we are done handling all exception cases and trivial cases. | |
1390 | ||
1391 | $base = Math::BigFloat -> new($base) if defined $base; | |
1392 | ||
1393 | my $xn = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($x->{_n})); | |
1394 | my $xd = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($x->{_d})); | |
1395 | ||
1396 | my $xtmp = Math::BigRat -> new($xn -> bdiv($xd) -> blog($base, @r) -> bsstr()); | |
1397 | ||
1398 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; | |
1399 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1400 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
1401 | ||
1402 | return $x; | |
1403 | } | |
1404 | ||
1405 | sub bexp { | |
1406 | # set up parameters | |
1407 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1408 | ||
1409 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1410 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1411 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
1412 | } | |
1413 | ||
1414 | return $x->binf(@r) if $x->{sign} eq '+inf'; | |
1415 | return $x->bzero(@r) if $x->{sign} eq '-inf'; | |
1416 | ||
1417 | # we need to limit the accuracy to protect against overflow | |
1418 | my $fallback = 0; | |
1419 | my ($scale, @params); | |
1420 | ($x, @params) = $x->_find_round_parameters(@r); | |
1421 | ||
1422 | # also takes care of the "error in _find_round_parameters?" case | |
1423 | return $x if $x->{sign} eq 'NaN'; | |
1424 | ||
1425 | # no rounding at all, so must use fallback | |
1426 | if (scalar @params == 0) { | |
1427 | # simulate old behaviour | |
1428 | $params[0] = $class->div_scale(); # and round to it as accuracy | |
1429 | $params[1] = undef; # P = undef | |
1430 | $scale = $params[0]+4; # at least four more for proper round | |
1431 | $params[2] = $r[2]; # round mode by caller or undef | |
1432 | $fallback = 1; # to clear a/p afterwards | |
1433 | } else { | |
1434 | # the 4 below is empirical, and there might be cases where it's not enough... | |
1435 | $scale = abs($params[0] || $params[1]) + 4; # take whatever is defined | |
1436 | } | |
1437 | ||
1438 | return $x->bone(@params) if $x->is_zero(); | |
1439 | ||
1440 | # See the comments in Math::BigFloat on how this algorithm works. | |
1441 | # Basically we calculate A and B (where B is faculty(N)) so that A/B = e | |
1442 | ||
1443 | my $x_org = $x->copy(); | |
1444 | if ($scale <= 75) { | |
1445 | # set $x directly from a cached string form | |
1446 | $x->{_n} = | |
1447 | $MBI->_new("90933395208605785401971970164779391644753259799242"); | |
1448 | $x->{_d} = | |
1449 | $MBI->_new("33452526613163807108170062053440751665152000000000"); | |
1450 | $x->{sign} = '+'; | |
1451 | } else { | |
1452 | # compute A and B so that e = A / B. | |
1453 | ||
1454 | # After some terms we end up with this, so we use it as a starting point: | |
1455 | my $A = $MBI->_new("90933395208605785401971970164779391644753259799242"); | |
1456 | my $F = $MBI->_new(42); my $step = 42; | |
1457 | ||
1458 | # Compute how many steps we need to take to get $A and $B sufficiently big | |
1459 | my $steps = Math::BigFloat::_len_to_steps($scale - 4); | |
1460 | # print STDERR "# Doing $steps steps for ", $scale-4, " digits\n"; | |
1461 | while ($step++ <= $steps) { | |
1462 | # calculate $a * $f + 1 | |
1463 | $A = $MBI->_mul($A, $F); | |
1464 | $A = $MBI->_inc($A); | |
1465 | # increment f | |
1466 | $F = $MBI->_inc($F); | |
1467 | } | |
1468 | # compute $B as factorial of $steps (this is faster than doing it manually) | |
1469 | my $B = $MBI->_fac($MBI->_new($steps)); | |
1470 | ||
1471 | # print "A ", $MBI->_str($A), "\nB ", $MBI->_str($B), "\n"; | |
1472 | ||
1473 | $x->{_n} = $A; | |
1474 | $x->{_d} = $B; | |
1475 | $x->{sign} = '+'; | |
3f185657 PJA |
1476 | } |
1477 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
1478 | # $x contains now an estimate of e, with some surplus digits, so we can round |
1479 | if (!$x_org->is_one()) { | |
1480 | # raise $x to the wanted power and round it in one step: | |
1481 | $x->bpow($x_org, @params); | |
1482 | } else { | |
1483 | # else just round the already computed result | |
1484 | delete $x->{_a}; delete $x->{_p}; | |
1485 | # shortcut to not run through _find_round_parameters again | |
1486 | if (defined $params[0]) { | |
1487 | $x->bround($params[0], $params[2]); # then round accordingly | |
1488 | } else { | |
1489 | $x->bfround($params[1], $params[2]); # then round accordingly | |
1490 | } | |
1491 | } | |
1492 | if ($fallback) { | |
1493 | # clear a/p after round, since user did not request it | |
1494 | delete $x->{_a}; delete $x->{_p}; | |
990fb837 RGS |
1495 | } |
1496 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
1497 | $x; |
1498 | } | |
990fb837 | 1499 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1500 | sub bnok { |
1501 | # set up parameters | |
1502 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
990fb837 | 1503 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1504 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it |
1505 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1506 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
3f185657 | 1507 | } |
990fb837 | 1508 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1509 | my $xint = Math::BigInt -> new($x -> bint() -> bsstr()); |
1510 | my $yint = Math::BigInt -> new($y -> bint() -> bsstr()); | |
1511 | $xint -> bnok($yint); | |
ccbfef19 | 1512 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1513 | $x -> {sign} = $xint -> {sign}; |
1514 | $x -> {_n} = $xint -> {_n}; | |
1515 | $x -> {_d} = $xint -> {_d}; | |
ccbfef19 | 1516 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1517 | return $x; |
1518 | } | |
990fb837 | 1519 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1520 | sub broot { |
1521 | # set up parameters | |
1522 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1523 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1524 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1525 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
3f185657 | 1526 | } |
990fb837 | 1527 | |
6320cdc0 | 1528 | # Convert $x into a Math::BigFloat. |
3f185657 | 1529 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1530 | my $xd = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($x->{_d})); |
1531 | my $xflt = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($x->{_n})) -> bdiv($xd); | |
1532 | $xflt -> {sign} = $x -> {sign}; | |
3f185657 | 1533 | |
6320cdc0 | 1534 | # Convert $y into a Math::BigFloat. |
3f185657 | 1535 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1536 | my $yd = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($y->{_d})); |
1537 | my $yflt = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($y->{_n})) -> bdiv($yd); | |
1538 | $yflt -> {sign} = $y -> {sign}; | |
3f185657 | 1539 | |
6320cdc0 | 1540 | # Compute the root and convert back to a Math::BigRat. |
990fb837 | 1541 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1542 | $xflt -> broot($yflt, @r); |
1543 | my $xtmp = Math::BigRat -> new($xflt -> bsstr()); | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1544 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1545 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; |
1546 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1547 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1548 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1549 | return $x; |
1550 | } | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1551 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1552 | sub bmodpow { |
1553 | # set up parameters | |
1554 | my ($class, $x, $y, $m, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1555 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1556 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1557 | ($class, $x, $y, $m, @r) = objectify(3, @_); | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1558 | } |
a4e2b1c6 | 1559 | |
6320cdc0 | 1560 | # Convert $x, $y, and $m into Math::BigInt objects. |
ccbfef19 | 1561 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1562 | my $xint = Math::BigInt -> new($x -> copy() -> bint()); |
1563 | my $yint = Math::BigInt -> new($y -> copy() -> bint()); | |
1564 | my $mint = Math::BigInt -> new($m -> copy() -> bint()); | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1565 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1566 | $xint -> bmodpow($y, $m, @r); |
1567 | my $xtmp = Math::BigRat -> new($xint -> bsstr()); | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1568 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1569 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; |
1570 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1571 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
1572 | return $x; | |
1573 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1574 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1575 | sub bmodinv { |
1576 | # set up parameters | |
1577 | my ($class, $x, $y, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1578 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1579 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1580 | ($class, $x, $y, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
1581 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1582 | |
6320cdc0 | 1583 | # Convert $x and $y into Math::BigInt objects. |
184f15d5 | 1584 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1585 | my $xint = Math::BigInt -> new($x -> copy() -> bint()); |
1586 | my $yint = Math::BigInt -> new($y -> copy() -> bint()); | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1587 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1588 | $xint -> bmodinv($y, @r); |
1589 | my $xtmp = Math::BigRat -> new($xint -> bsstr()); | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1590 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1591 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; |
1592 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1593 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
1594 | return $x; | |
1595 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1596 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1597 | sub bsqrt { |
1598 | my ($class, $x, @r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]), @_) : objectify(1, @_); | |
184f15d5 | 1599 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1600 | return $x->bnan() if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+]/; # NaN, -inf or < 0 |
1601 | return $x if $x->{sign} eq '+inf'; # sqrt(inf) == inf | |
1602 | return $x->round(@r) if $x->is_zero() || $x->is_one(); | |
ccbfef19 | 1603 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1604 | local $Math::BigFloat::upgrade = undef; |
1605 | local $Math::BigFloat::downgrade = undef; | |
1606 | local $Math::BigFloat::precision = undef; | |
1607 | local $Math::BigFloat::accuracy = undef; | |
1608 | local $Math::BigInt::upgrade = undef; | |
1609 | local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef; | |
1610 | local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef; | |
184f15d5 | 1611 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1612 | my $xn = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($x->{_n})); |
1613 | my $xd = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($x->{_d})); | |
184f15d5 | 1614 | |
6320cdc0 | 1615 | my $xtmp = Math::BigRat -> new($xn -> bdiv($xd) -> bsqrt() -> bsstr()); |
12fc2493 | 1616 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1617 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; |
1618 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1619 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
a4e2b1c6 | 1620 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1621 | $x->round(@r); |
1622 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1623 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1624 | sub blsft { |
1625 | my ($class, $x, $y, $b, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
9b924220 | 1626 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1627 | $b = 2 if !defined $b; |
1628 | $b = $class -> new($b) unless ref($b) && $b -> isa($class); | |
184f15d5 | 1629 | |
6320cdc0 | 1630 | return $x -> bnan() if $x -> is_nan() || $y -> is_nan() || $b -> is_nan(); |
9b924220 | 1631 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1632 | # shift by a negative amount? |
1633 | return $x -> brsft($y -> copy() -> babs(), $b) if $y -> {sign} =~ /^-/; | |
184f15d5 | 1634 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1635 | $x -> bmul($b -> bpow($y)); |
1636 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1637 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1638 | sub brsft { |
1639 | my ($class, $x, $y, $b, @r) = objectify(2, @_); | |
12fc2493 | 1640 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1641 | $b = 2 if !defined $b; |
1642 | $b = $class -> new($b) unless ref($b) && $b -> isa($class); | |
184f15d5 | 1643 | |
6320cdc0 | 1644 | return $x -> bnan() if $x -> is_nan() || $y -> is_nan() || $b -> is_nan(); |
7d341013 | 1645 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1646 | # shift by a negative amount? |
1647 | return $x -> blsft($y -> copy() -> babs(), $b) if $y -> {sign} =~ /^-/; | |
184f15d5 | 1648 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1649 | # the following call to bdiv() will return either quotient (scalar context) |
1650 | # or quotient and remainder (list context). | |
1651 | $x -> bdiv($b -> bpow($y)); | |
1652 | } | |
12fc2493 | 1653 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1654 | sub band { |
1655 | my $x = shift; | |
1656 | my $xref = ref($x); | |
1657 | my $class = $xref || $x; | |
12fc2493 | 1658 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1659 | Carp::croak 'band() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $xref; |
1660 | Carp::croak 'Not enough arguments for band()' if @_ < 1; | |
184f15d5 | 1661 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1662 | my $y = shift; |
1663 | $y = $class -> new($y) unless ref($y); | |
4de3d162 | 1664 | |
6320cdc0 | 1665 | my @r = @_; |
a4e2b1c6 | 1666 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1667 | my $xtmp = Math::BigInt -> new($x -> bint()); # to Math::BigInt |
1668 | $xtmp -> band($y); | |
1669 | $xtmp = $class -> new($xtmp); # back to Math::BigRat | |
12fc2493 | 1670 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1671 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; |
1672 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1673 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
4de3d162 | 1674 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1675 | return $x -> round(@r); |
1676 | } | |
4de3d162 | 1677 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1678 | sub bior { |
1679 | my $x = shift; | |
1680 | my $xref = ref($x); | |
1681 | my $class = $xref || $x; | |
4de3d162 | 1682 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1683 | Carp::croak 'bior() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $xref; |
1684 | Carp::croak 'Not enough arguments for bior()' if @_ < 1; | |
184f15d5 | 1685 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1686 | my $y = shift; |
1687 | $y = $class -> new($y) unless ref($y); | |
11c955be | 1688 | |
6320cdc0 | 1689 | my @r = @_; |
11c955be | 1690 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1691 | my $xtmp = Math::BigInt -> new($x -> bint()); # to Math::BigInt |
1692 | $xtmp -> bior($y); | |
1693 | $xtmp = $class -> new($xtmp); # back to Math::BigRat | |
7afd7a91 | 1694 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1695 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; |
1696 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1697 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
7afd7a91 | 1698 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1699 | return $x -> round(@r); |
1700 | } | |
116a1b2f | 1701 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1702 | sub bxor { |
1703 | my $x = shift; | |
1704 | my $xref = ref($x); | |
1705 | my $class = $xref || $x; | |
116a1b2f | 1706 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1707 | Carp::croak 'bxor() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $xref; |
1708 | Carp::croak 'Not enough arguments for bxor()' if @_ < 1; | |
116a1b2f | 1709 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1710 | my $y = shift; |
1711 | $y = $class -> new($y) unless ref($y); | |
116a1b2f | 1712 | |
6320cdc0 | 1713 | my @r = @_; |
116a1b2f | 1714 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1715 | my $xtmp = Math::BigInt -> new($x -> bint()); # to Math::BigInt |
1716 | $xtmp -> bxor($y); | |
1717 | $xtmp = $class -> new($xtmp); # back to Math::BigRat | |
116a1b2f | 1718 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1719 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; |
1720 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1721 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
116a1b2f | 1722 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1723 | return $x -> round(@r); |
1724 | } | |
116a1b2f | 1725 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1726 | sub bnot { |
1727 | my $x = shift; | |
1728 | my $xref = ref($x); | |
1729 | my $class = $xref || $x; | |
116a1b2f | 1730 | |
6320cdc0 | 1731 | Carp::croak 'bnot() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $xref; |
116a1b2f | 1732 | |
6320cdc0 | 1733 | my @r = @_; |
116a1b2f | 1734 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1735 | my $xtmp = Math::BigInt -> new($x -> bint()); # to Math::BigInt |
1736 | $xtmp -> bnot(); | |
1737 | $xtmp = $class -> new($xtmp); # back to Math::BigRat | |
116a1b2f | 1738 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1739 | $x -> {sign} = $xtmp -> {sign}; |
1740 | $x -> {_n} = $xtmp -> {_n}; | |
1741 | $x -> {_d} = $xtmp -> {_d}; | |
116a1b2f | 1742 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1743 | return $x -> round(@r); |
1744 | } | |
12fc2493 | 1745 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1746 | ############################################################################## |
1747 | # round | |
12fc2493 | 1748 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1749 | sub round { |
1750 | $_[0]; | |
1751 | } | |
12fc2493 | 1752 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1753 | sub bround { |
1754 | $_[0]; | |
1755 | } | |
9b924220 | 1756 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1757 | sub bfround { |
1758 | $_[0]; | |
1759 | } | |
12fc2493 | 1760 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1761 | ############################################################################## |
1762 | # comparing | |
7afd7a91 | 1763 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1764 | sub bcmp { |
1765 | # compare two signed numbers | |
9b924220 | 1766 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1767 | # set up parameters |
1768 | my ($class, $x, $y) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
7afd7a91 | 1769 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1770 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it |
1771 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1772 | ($class, $x, $y) = objectify(2, @_); | |
7afd7a91 T |
1773 | } |
1774 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
1775 | if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/ || $y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) { |
1776 | # $x is NaN and/or $y is NaN | |
1777 | return undef if $x->{sign} eq $nan || $y->{sign} eq $nan; | |
1778 | # $x and $y are both either +inf or -inf | |
1779 | return 0 if $x->{sign} eq $y->{sign} && $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/; | |
1780 | # $x = +inf and $y < +inf | |
1781 | return +1 if $x->{sign} eq '+inf'; | |
1782 | # $x = -inf and $y > -inf | |
1783 | return -1 if $x->{sign} eq '-inf'; | |
1784 | # $x < +inf and $y = +inf | |
1785 | return -1 if $y->{sign} eq '+inf'; | |
1786 | # $x > -inf and $y = -inf | |
1787 | return +1; | |
7afd7a91 T |
1788 | } |
1789 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
1790 | # $x >= 0 and $y < 0 |
1791 | return 1 if $x->{sign} eq '+' && $y->{sign} eq '-'; | |
1792 | # $x < 0 and $y >= 0 | |
1793 | return -1 if $x->{sign} eq '-' && $y->{sign} eq '+'; | |
7afd7a91 | 1794 | |
6320cdc0 | 1795 | # At this point, we know that $x and $y have the same sign. |
7afd7a91 | 1796 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1797 | # shortcut |
1798 | my $xz = $MBI->_is_zero($x->{_n}); | |
1799 | my $yz = $MBI->_is_zero($y->{_n}); | |
1800 | return 0 if $xz && $yz; # 0 <=> 0 | |
1801 | return -1 if $xz && $y->{sign} eq '+'; # 0 <=> +y | |
1802 | return 1 if $yz && $x->{sign} eq '+'; # +x <=> 0 | |
7afd7a91 | 1803 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1804 | my $t = $MBI->_mul($MBI->_copy($x->{_n}), $y->{_d}); |
1805 | my $u = $MBI->_mul($MBI->_copy($y->{_n}), $x->{_d}); | |
7afd7a91 | 1806 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1807 | my $cmp = $MBI->_acmp($t, $u); # signs are equal |
1808 | $cmp = -$cmp if $x->{sign} eq '-'; # both are '-' => reverse | |
1809 | $cmp; | |
1810 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1811 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1812 | sub bacmp { |
1813 | # compare two numbers (as unsigned) | |
990fb837 | 1814 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1815 | # set up parameters |
1816 | my ($class, $x, $y) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1817 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1818 | if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1]))) { | |
1819 | ($class, $x, $y) = objectify(2, @_); | |
1820 | } | |
990fb837 | 1821 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1822 | if (($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || ($y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/)) { |
1823 | # handle +-inf and NaN | |
1824 | return undef if (($x->{sign} eq $nan) || ($y->{sign} eq $nan)); | |
1825 | return 0 if $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/ && $y->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/; | |
1826 | return 1 if $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/ && $y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]inf$/; | |
1827 | return -1; | |
1828 | } | |
9b924220 | 1829 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1830 | my $t = $MBI->_mul($MBI->_copy($x->{_n}), $y->{_d}); |
1831 | my $u = $MBI->_mul($MBI->_copy($y->{_n}), $x->{_d}); | |
1832 | $MBI->_acmp($t, $u); # ignore signs | |
1833 | } | |
12fc2493 | 1834 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1835 | sub beq { |
1836 | my $self = shift; | |
1837 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
1838 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
184f15d5 | 1839 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1840 | Carp::croak 'beq() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $selfref; |
1841 | Carp::croak 'Wrong number of arguments for beq()' unless @_ == 1; | |
12fc2493 | 1842 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1843 | my $cmp = $self -> bcmp(shift); |
1844 | return defined($cmp) && ! $cmp; | |
1845 | } | |
12fc2493 | 1846 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1847 | sub bne { |
1848 | my $self = shift; | |
1849 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
1850 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
184f15d5 | 1851 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1852 | Carp::croak 'bne() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $selfref; |
1853 | Carp::croak 'Wrong number of arguments for bne()' unless @_ == 1; | |
ccbfef19 | 1854 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1855 | my $cmp = $self -> bcmp(shift); |
1856 | return defined($cmp) && ! $cmp ? '' : 1; | |
1857 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1858 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1859 | sub blt { |
1860 | my $self = shift; | |
1861 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
1862 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
184f15d5 | 1863 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1864 | Carp::croak 'blt() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $selfref; |
1865 | Carp::croak 'Wrong number of arguments for blt()' unless @_ == 1; | |
184f15d5 | 1866 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1867 | my $cmp = $self -> bcmp(shift); |
1868 | return defined($cmp) && $cmp < 0; | |
1869 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1870 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1871 | sub ble { |
1872 | my $self = shift; | |
1873 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
1874 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
184f15d5 | 1875 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1876 | Carp::croak 'ble() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $selfref; |
1877 | Carp::croak 'Wrong number of arguments for ble()' unless @_ == 1; | |
184f15d5 | 1878 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1879 | my $cmp = $self -> bcmp(shift); |
1880 | return defined($cmp) && $cmp <= 0; | |
1881 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1882 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1883 | sub bgt { |
1884 | my $self = shift; | |
1885 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
1886 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
184f15d5 | 1887 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1888 | Carp::croak 'bgt() is an instance method, not a class method' unless $selfref; |
1889 | Carp::croak 'Wrong number of arguments for bgt()' unless @_ == 1; | |
ccbfef19 | 1890 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1891 | my $cmp = $self -> bcmp(shift); |
1892 | return defined($cmp) && $cmp > 0; | |
1893 | } | |
184f15d5 | 1894 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1895 | sub bge { |
1896 | my $self = shift; | |
1897 | my $selfref = ref $self; | |
1898 | my $class = $selfref || $self; | |
184f15d5 | 1899 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1900 | Carp::croak 'bge() is an instance method, not a class method' |
1901 | unless $selfref; | |
1902 | Carp::croak 'Wrong number of arguments for bge()' unless @_ == 1; | |
184f15d5 | 1903 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1904 | my $cmp = $self -> bcmp(shift); |
1905 | return defined($cmp) && $cmp >= 0; | |
1906 | } | |
184f15d5 JH |
1907 | |
1908 | ############################################################################## | |
6320cdc0 | 1909 | # output conversion |
184f15d5 | 1910 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1911 | sub numify { |
1912 | # convert 17/8 => float (aka 2.125) | |
1913 | my ($self, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
ccbfef19 | 1914 | |
6320cdc0 | 1915 | # Non-finite number. |
7d341013 | 1916 | |
6320cdc0 | 1917 | return $x->bstr() if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; |
93c87d9d | 1918 | |
6320cdc0 | 1919 | # Finite number. |
7d341013 | 1920 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1921 | my $abs = $MBI->_is_one($x->{_d}) |
1922 | ? $MBI->_num($x->{_n}) | |
1923 | : Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI->_str($x->{_n})) | |
1924 | -> bdiv($MBI->_str($x->{_d})) | |
1925 | -> bstr(); | |
1926 | return $x->{sign} eq '-' ? 0 - $abs : 0 + $abs; | |
1927 | } | |
1928 | ||
1929 | sub as_number { | |
1930 | my ($self, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
184f15d5 | 1931 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1932 | # NaN, inf etc |
1933 | return Math::BigInt->new($x->{sign}) if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; | |
1934 | ||
1935 | my $u = Math::BigInt->bzero(); | |
1936 | $u->{value} = $MBI->_div($MBI->_copy($x->{_n}), $x->{_d}); # 22/7 => 3 | |
1937 | $u->bneg if $x->{sign} eq '-'; # no negative zero | |
1938 | $u; | |
1939 | } | |
ccbfef19 | 1940 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1941 | sub as_float { |
1942 | # return N/D as Math::BigFloat | |
184f15d5 | 1943 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1944 | # set up parameters |
1945 | my ($class, $x, @r) = (ref($_[0]), @_); | |
1946 | # objectify is costly, so avoid it | |
1947 | ($class, $x, @r) = objectify(1, @_) unless ref $_[0]; | |
4de3d162 | 1948 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1949 | # NaN, inf etc |
1950 | return Math::BigFloat->new($x->{sign}) if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; | |
4de3d162 | 1951 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1952 | my $xd = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($x->{_d})); |
1953 | my $xflt = Math::BigFloat -> new($MBI -> _str($x->{_n})); | |
1954 | $xflt -> {sign} = $x -> {sign}; | |
1955 | $xflt -> bdiv($xd, @r); | |
ccbfef19 | 1956 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1957 | return $xflt; |
1958 | } | |
4de3d162 | 1959 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1960 | sub as_bin { |
1961 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
9b924220 | 1962 | |
6320cdc0 | 1963 | return $x unless $x->is_int(); |
9b924220 | 1964 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1965 | my $s = $x->{sign}; |
1966 | $s = '' if $s eq '+'; | |
1967 | $s . $MBI->_as_bin($x->{_n}); | |
1968 | } | |
9b924220 | 1969 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1970 | sub as_hex { |
1971 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
9b924220 | 1972 | |
6320cdc0 | 1973 | return $x unless $x->is_int(); |
9b924220 | 1974 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1975 | my $s = $x->{sign}; $s = '' if $s eq '+'; |
1976 | $s . $MBI->_as_hex($x->{_n}); | |
1977 | } | |
9b924220 | 1978 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1979 | sub as_oct { |
1980 | my ($class, $x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef, $_[0]) : objectify(1, @_); | |
b8884ce4 | 1981 | |
6320cdc0 | 1982 | return $x unless $x->is_int(); |
b8884ce4 | 1983 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1984 | my $s = $x->{sign}; $s = '' if $s eq '+'; |
1985 | $s . $MBI->_as_oct($x->{_n}); | |
1986 | } | |
b8884ce4 T |
1987 | |
1988 | ############################################################################## | |
1989 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
1990 | sub from_hex { |
1991 | my $class = shift; | |
b8884ce4 | 1992 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1993 | $class->new(@_); |
1994 | } | |
b8884ce4 | 1995 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1996 | sub from_bin { |
1997 | my $class = shift; | |
b8884ce4 | 1998 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
1999 | $class->new(@_); |
2000 | } | |
b8884ce4 | 2001 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2002 | sub from_oct { |
2003 | my $class = shift; | |
b8884ce4 | 2004 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2005 | my @parts; |
2006 | for my $c (@_) { | |
2007 | push @parts, Math::BigInt->from_oct($c); | |
b8884ce4 | 2008 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
2009 | $class->new (@parts); |
2010 | } | |
b8884ce4 | 2011 | |
b68b7ab1 T |
2012 | ############################################################################## |
2013 | # import | |
2014 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
2015 | sub import { |
2016 | my $class = shift; | |
2017 | my $l = scalar @_; | |
2018 | my $lib = ''; my @a; | |
2019 | my $try = 'try'; | |
9b924220 | 2020 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2021 | for (my $i = 0; $i < $l ; $i++) { |
2022 | if ($_[$i] eq ':constant') { | |
2023 | # this rest causes overlord er load to step in | |
2024 | overload::constant float => sub { $class->new(shift); }; | |
2025 | } | |
2026 | # elsif ($_[$i] eq 'upgrade') | |
2027 | # { | |
2028 | # # this causes upgrading | |
2029 | # $upgrade = $_[$i+1]; # or undef to disable | |
2030 | # $i++; | |
2031 | # } | |
2032 | elsif ($_[$i] eq 'downgrade') { | |
2033 | # this causes downgrading | |
2034 | $downgrade = $_[$i+1]; # or undef to disable | |
2035 | $i++; | |
2036 | } elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(lib|try|only)\z/) { | |
2037 | $lib = $_[$i+1] || ''; # default Calc | |
2038 | $try = $1; # lib, try or only | |
2039 | $i++; | |
2040 | } elsif ($_[$i] eq 'with') { | |
2041 | # this argument is no longer used | |
2042 | #$MBI = $_[$i+1] || 'Math::BigInt::Calc'; # default Math::BigInt::Calc | |
2043 | $i++; | |
2044 | } else { | |
2045 | push @a, $_[$i]; | |
2046 | } | |
6de7f0cc | 2047 | } |
6320cdc0 | 2048 | require Math::BigInt; |
6de7f0cc | 2049 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2050 | # let use Math::BigInt lib => 'GMP'; use Math::BigRat; still have GMP |
2051 | if ($lib ne '') { | |
2052 | my @c = split /\s*,\s*/, $lib; | |
2053 | foreach (@c) { | |
2054 | $_ =~ tr/a-zA-Z0-9://cd; # limit to sane characters | |
2055 | } | |
2056 | $lib = join(",", @c); | |
93c87d9d | 2057 | } |
6320cdc0 SH |
2058 | my @import = ('objectify'); |
2059 | push @import, $try => $lib if $lib ne ''; | |
233f7bc0 | 2060 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2061 | # MBI already loaded, so feed it our lib arguments |
2062 | Math::BigInt->import(@import); | |
6de7f0cc | 2063 | |
6320cdc0 | 2064 | $MBI = Math::BigFloat->config()->{lib}; |
b68b7ab1 | 2065 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2066 | # register us with MBI to get notified of future lib changes |
2067 | Math::BigInt::_register_callback($class, sub { $MBI = $_[0]; }); | |
ccbfef19 | 2068 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2069 | # any non :constant stuff is handled by our parent, Exporter (loaded |
2070 | # by Math::BigFloat, even if @_ is empty, to give it a chance | |
2071 | $class->SUPER::import(@a); # for subclasses | |
2072 | $class->export_to_level(1, $class, @a); # need this, too | |
2073 | } | |
184f15d5 JH |
2074 | |
2075 | 1; | |
2076 | ||
2077 | __END__ | |
2078 | ||
a7752796 PJA |
2079 | =pod |
2080 | ||
184f15d5 JH |
2081 | =head1 NAME |
2082 | ||
b68b7ab1 | 2083 | Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers |
184f15d5 JH |
2084 | |
2085 | =head1 SYNOPSIS | |
2086 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2087 | use Math::BigRat; |
184f15d5 | 2088 | |
6320cdc0 | 2089 | my $x = Math::BigRat->new('3/7'); $x += '5/9'; |
184f15d5 | 2090 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2091 | print $x->bstr(), "\n"; |
2092 | print $x ** 2, "\n"; | |
184f15d5 | 2093 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2094 | my $y = Math::BigRat->new('inf'); |
2095 | print "$y ", ($y->is_inf ? 'is' : 'is not'), " infinity\n"; | |
7afd7a91 | 2096 | |
6320cdc0 | 2097 | my $z = Math::BigRat->new(144); $z->bsqrt(); |
7afd7a91 | 2098 | |
184f15d5 JH |
2099 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
2100 | ||
7d341013 | 2101 | Math::BigRat complements Math::BigInt and Math::BigFloat by providing support |
b68b7ab1 | 2102 | for arbitrary big rational numbers. |
184f15d5 JH |
2103 | |
2104 | =head2 MATH LIBRARY | |
2105 | ||
b8884ce4 T |
2106 | You can change the underlying module that does the low-level |
2107 | math operations by using: | |
184f15d5 | 2108 | |
6320cdc0 | 2109 | use Math::BigRat try => 'GMP'; |
184f15d5 | 2110 | |
b8884ce4 | 2111 | Note: This needs Math::BigInt::GMP installed. |
184f15d5 JH |
2112 | |
2113 | The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then | |
2114 | Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc: | |
2115 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2116 | use Math::BigRat try => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar'; |
184f15d5 | 2117 | |
6320cdc0 | 2118 | If you want to get warned when the fallback occurs, replace "try" with "lib": |
184f15d5 | 2119 | |
6320cdc0 | 2120 | use Math::BigRat lib => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar'; |
7d341013 | 2121 | |
6320cdc0 | 2122 | If you want the code to die instead, replace "try" with "only": |
b8884ce4 | 2123 | |
6320cdc0 | 2124 | use Math::BigRat only => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar'; |
7d341013 | 2125 | |
184f15d5 JH |
2126 | =head1 METHODS |
2127 | ||
3c4b39be | 2128 | Any methods not listed here are derived from Math::BigFloat (or |
6de7f0cc JH |
2129 | Math::BigInt), so make sure you check these two modules for further |
2130 | information. | |
2131 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
2132 | =over |
2133 | ||
2134 | =item new() | |
184f15d5 | 2135 | |
6320cdc0 | 2136 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('1/3'); |
184f15d5 JH |
2137 | |
2138 | Create a new Math::BigRat object. Input can come in various forms: | |
2139 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
2140 | $x = Math::BigRat->new(123); # scalars |
2141 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('inf'); # infinity | |
2142 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('123.3'); # float | |
2143 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('1/3'); # simple string | |
2144 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('1 / 3'); # spaced | |
2145 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('1 / 0.1'); # w/ floats | |
2146 | $x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigInt->new(3)); # BigInt | |
2147 | $x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigFloat->new('3.1')); # BigFloat | |
2148 | $x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigInt::Lite->new('2')); # BigLite | |
184f15d5 | 2149 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2150 | # You can also give D and N as different objects: |
2151 | $x = Math::BigRat->new( | |
2152 | Math::BigInt->new(-123), | |
2153 | Math::BigInt->new(7), | |
2154 | ); # => -123/7 | |
b68b7ab1 | 2155 | |
6320cdc0 | 2156 | =item numerator() |
184f15d5 | 2157 | |
6320cdc0 | 2158 | $n = $x->numerator(); |
184f15d5 JH |
2159 | |
2160 | Returns a copy of the numerator (the part above the line) as signed BigInt. | |
2161 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2162 | =item denominator() |
ccbfef19 | 2163 | |
6320cdc0 | 2164 | $d = $x->denominator(); |
184f15d5 JH |
2165 | |
2166 | Returns a copy of the denominator (the part under the line) as positive BigInt. | |
2167 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2168 | =item parts() |
184f15d5 | 2169 | |
6320cdc0 | 2170 | ($n, $d) = $x->parts(); |
184f15d5 JH |
2171 | |
2172 | Return a list consisting of (signed) numerator and (unsigned) denominator as | |
2173 | BigInts. | |
2174 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2175 | =item numify() |
b8884ce4 | 2176 | |
6320cdc0 | 2177 | my $y = $x->numify(); |
b8884ce4 T |
2178 | |
2179 | Returns the object as a scalar. This will lose some data if the object | |
2180 | cannot be represented by a normal Perl scalar (integer or float), so | |
6320cdc0 | 2181 | use L<as_int()|/"as_int()/as_number()"> or L</as_float()> instead. |
b8884ce4 T |
2182 | |
2183 | This routine is automatically used whenever a scalar is required: | |
2184 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
2185 | my $x = Math::BigRat->new('3/1'); |
2186 | @array = (0, 1, 2, 3); | |
2187 | $y = $array[$x]; # set $y to 3 | |
b8884ce4 | 2188 | |
6320cdc0 | 2189 | =item as_int()/as_number() |
6de7f0cc | 2190 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2191 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('13/7'); |
2192 | print $x->as_int(), "\n"; # '1' | |
b68b7ab1 T |
2193 | |
2194 | Returns a copy of the object as BigInt, truncated to an integer. | |
7d341013 | 2195 | |
b68b7ab1 T |
2196 | C<as_number()> is an alias for C<as_int()>. |
2197 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2198 | =item as_float() |
4de3d162 | 2199 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2200 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('13/7'); |
2201 | print $x->as_float(), "\n"; # '1' | |
4de3d162 | 2202 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2203 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('2/3'); |
2204 | print $x->as_float(5), "\n"; # '0.66667' | |
4de3d162 T |
2205 | |
2206 | Returns a copy of the object as BigFloat, preserving the | |
2207 | accuracy as wanted, or the default of 40 digits. | |
2208 | ||
2209 | This method was added in v0.22 of Math::BigRat (April 2008). | |
2210 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2211 | =item as_hex() |
b68b7ab1 | 2212 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2213 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('13'); |
2214 | print $x->as_hex(), "\n"; # '0xd' | |
b68b7ab1 | 2215 | |
ccbfef19 | 2216 | Returns the BigRat as hexadecimal string. Works only for integers. |
b68b7ab1 | 2217 | |
6320cdc0 | 2218 | =item as_bin() |
b68b7ab1 | 2219 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2220 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('13'); |
2221 | print $x->as_bin(), "\n"; # '0x1101' | |
b68b7ab1 | 2222 | |
ccbfef19 | 2223 | Returns the BigRat as binary string. Works only for integers. |
6de7f0cc | 2224 | |
6320cdc0 | 2225 | =item as_oct() |
b8884ce4 | 2226 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2227 | $x = Math::BigRat->new('13'); |
2228 | print $x->as_oct(), "\n"; # '015' | |
b8884ce4 | 2229 | |
ccbfef19 | 2230 | Returns the BigRat as octal string. Works only for integers. |
b8884ce4 | 2231 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2232 | =item from_hex() |
2233 | ||
2234 | my $h = Math::BigRat->from_hex('0x10'); | |
2235 | ||
2236 | Create a BigRat from a hexadecimal number in string form. | |
2237 | ||
2238 | =item from_oct() | |
2239 | ||
2240 | my $o = Math::BigRat->from_oct('020'); | |
2241 | ||
2242 | Create a BigRat from an octal number in string form. | |
2243 | ||
2244 | =item from_bin() | |
2245 | ||
2246 | my $b = Math::BigRat->from_bin('0b10000000'); | |
2247 | ||
2248 | Create a BigRat from an binary number in string form. | |
2249 | ||
2250 | =item bnan() | |
2251 | ||
2252 | $x = Math::BigRat->bnan(); | |
2253 | ||
2254 | Creates a new BigRat object representing NaN (Not A Number). | |
2255 | If used on an object, it will set it to NaN: | |
2256 | ||
2257 | $x->bnan(); | |
b8884ce4 | 2258 | |
6320cdc0 | 2259 | =item bzero() |
b8884ce4 | 2260 | |
6320cdc0 | 2261 | $x = Math::BigRat->bzero(); |
b8884ce4 | 2262 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2263 | Creates a new BigRat object representing zero. |
2264 | If used on an object, it will set it to zero: | |
b8884ce4 | 2265 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2266 | $x->bzero(); |
2267 | ||
2268 | =item binf() | |
2269 | ||
2270 | $x = Math::BigRat->binf($sign); | |
2271 | ||
2272 | Creates a new BigRat object representing infinity. The optional argument is | |
2273 | either '-' or '+', indicating whether you want infinity or minus infinity. | |
2274 | If used on an object, it will set it to infinity: | |
2275 | ||
2276 | $x->binf(); | |
2277 | $x->binf('-'); | |
2278 | ||
2279 | =item bone() | |
2280 | ||
2281 | $x = Math::BigRat->bone($sign); | |
2282 | ||
2283 | Creates a new BigRat object representing one. The optional argument is | |
2284 | either '-' or '+', indicating whether you want one or minus one. | |
2285 | If used on an object, it will set it to one: | |
2286 | ||
2287 | $x->bone(); # +1 | |
2288 | $x->bone('-'); # -1 | |
2289 | ||
2290 | =item length() | |
2291 | ||
2292 | $len = $x->length(); | |
b8884ce4 | 2293 | |
c4a6f826 | 2294 | Return the length of $x in digits for integer values. |
b8884ce4 | 2295 | |
6320cdc0 | 2296 | =item digit() |
b8884ce4 | 2297 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2298 | print Math::BigRat->new('123/1')->digit(1); # 1 |
2299 | print Math::BigRat->new('123/1')->digit(-1); # 3 | |
b8884ce4 T |
2300 | |
2301 | Return the N'ths digit from X when X is an integer value. | |
2302 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2303 | =item bnorm() |
b8884ce4 | 2304 | |
6320cdc0 | 2305 | $x->bnorm(); |
b8884ce4 T |
2306 | |
2307 | Reduce the number to the shortest form. This routine is called | |
2308 | automatically whenever it is needed. | |
2309 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2310 | =item bfac() |
6de7f0cc | 2311 | |
6320cdc0 | 2312 | $x->bfac(); |
6de7f0cc | 2313 | |
a4e2b1c6 | 2314 | Calculates the factorial of $x. For instance: |
6de7f0cc | 2315 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2316 | print Math::BigRat->new('3/1')->bfac(), "\n"; # 1*2*3 |
2317 | print Math::BigRat->new('5/1')->bfac(), "\n"; # 1*2*3*4*5 | |
184f15d5 | 2318 | |
7d341013 | 2319 | Works currently only for integers. |
6de7f0cc | 2320 | |
6320cdc0 | 2321 | =item bround()/round()/bfround() |
6de7f0cc | 2322 | |
a4e2b1c6 | 2323 | Are not yet implemented. |
6de7f0cc | 2324 | |
6320cdc0 | 2325 | =item bmod() |
990fb837 | 2326 | |
6320cdc0 | 2327 | $x->bmod($y); |
990fb837 | 2328 | |
3f185657 PJA |
2329 | Returns $x modulo $y. When $x is finite, and $y is finite and non-zero, the |
2330 | result is identical to the remainder after floored division (F-division). If, | |
2331 | in addition, both $x and $y are integers, the result is identical to the result | |
2332 | from Perl's % operator. | |
990fb837 | 2333 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2334 | =item bmodinv() |
2335 | ||
2336 | $x->bmodinv($mod); # modular multiplicative inverse | |
2337 | ||
2338 | Returns the multiplicative inverse of C<$x> modulo C<$mod>. If | |
2339 | ||
2340 | $y = $x -> copy() -> bmodinv($mod) | |
2341 | ||
2342 | then C<$y> is the number closest to zero, and with the same sign as C<$mod>, | |
2343 | satisfying | |
2344 | ||
2345 | ($x * $y) % $mod = 1 % $mod | |
2346 | ||
2347 | If C<$x> and C<$y> are non-zero, they must be relative primes, i.e., | |
2348 | C<bgcd($y, $mod)==1>. 'C<NaN>' is returned when no modular multiplicative | |
2349 | inverse exists. | |
b8884ce4 | 2350 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2351 | =item bmodpow() |
2352 | ||
2353 | $num->bmodpow($exp,$mod); # modular exponentiation | |
2354 | # ($num**$exp % $mod) | |
2355 | ||
2356 | Returns the value of C<$num> taken to the power C<$exp> in the modulus | |
2357 | C<$mod> using binary exponentiation. C<bmodpow> is far superior to | |
2358 | writing | |
2359 | ||
2360 | $num ** $exp % $mod | |
2361 | ||
2362 | because it is much faster - it reduces internal variables into | |
2363 | the modulus whenever possible, so it operates on smaller numbers. | |
2364 | ||
2365 | C<bmodpow> also supports negative exponents. | |
2366 | ||
2367 | bmodpow($num, -1, $mod) | |
2368 | ||
2369 | is exactly equivalent to | |
2370 | ||
2371 | bmodinv($num, $mod) | |
2372 | ||
2373 | =item bneg() | |
2374 | ||
2375 | $x->bneg(); | |
b8884ce4 T |
2376 | |
2377 | Used to negate the object in-place. | |
2378 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2379 | =item is_one() |
7d341013 | 2380 | |
6320cdc0 | 2381 | print "$x is 1\n" if $x->is_one(); |
7d341013 T |
2382 | |
2383 | Return true if $x is exactly one, otherwise false. | |
2384 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2385 | =item is_zero() |
7d341013 | 2386 | |
6320cdc0 | 2387 | print "$x is 0\n" if $x->is_zero(); |
7d341013 T |
2388 | |
2389 | Return true if $x is exactly zero, otherwise false. | |
2390 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2391 | =item is_pos()/is_positive() |
7d341013 | 2392 | |
6320cdc0 | 2393 | print "$x is >= 0\n" if $x->is_positive(); |
7d341013 T |
2394 | |
2395 | Return true if $x is positive (greater than or equal to zero), otherwise | |
2396 | false. Please note that '+inf' is also positive, while 'NaN' and '-inf' aren't. | |
2397 | ||
b68b7ab1 T |
2398 | C<is_positive()> is an alias for C<is_pos()>. |
2399 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2400 | =item is_neg()/is_negative() |
7d341013 | 2401 | |
6320cdc0 | 2402 | print "$x is < 0\n" if $x->is_negative(); |
7d341013 T |
2403 | |
2404 | Return true if $x is negative (smaller than zero), otherwise false. Please | |
2405 | note that '-inf' is also negative, while 'NaN' and '+inf' aren't. | |
2406 | ||
b68b7ab1 T |
2407 | C<is_negative()> is an alias for C<is_neg()>. |
2408 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2409 | =item is_int() |
7d341013 | 2410 | |
6320cdc0 | 2411 | print "$x is an integer\n" if $x->is_int(); |
7d341013 T |
2412 | |
2413 | Return true if $x has a denominator of 1 (e.g. no fraction parts), otherwise | |
2414 | false. Please note that '-inf', 'inf' and 'NaN' aren't integer. | |
2415 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2416 | =item is_odd() |
7d341013 | 2417 | |
6320cdc0 | 2418 | print "$x is odd\n" if $x->is_odd(); |
7d341013 T |
2419 | |
2420 | Return true if $x is odd, otherwise false. | |
2421 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2422 | =item is_even() |
7d341013 | 2423 | |
6320cdc0 | 2424 | print "$x is even\n" if $x->is_even(); |
7d341013 T |
2425 | |
2426 | Return true if $x is even, otherwise false. | |
2427 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2428 | =item bceil() |
7d341013 | 2429 | |
6320cdc0 | 2430 | $x->bceil(); |
7d341013 T |
2431 | |
2432 | Set $x to the next bigger integer value (e.g. truncate the number to integer | |
2433 | and then increment it by one). | |
2434 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2435 | =item bfloor() |
ccbfef19 | 2436 | |
6320cdc0 | 2437 | $x->bfloor(); |
7d341013 T |
2438 | |
2439 | Truncate $x to an integer value. | |
6de7f0cc | 2440 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2441 | =item bint() |
2442 | ||
2443 | $x->bint(); | |
2444 | ||
2445 | Round $x towards zero. | |
ccbfef19 | 2446 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2447 | =item bsqrt() |
2448 | ||
2449 | $x->bsqrt(); | |
7afd7a91 T |
2450 | |
2451 | Calculate the square root of $x. | |
2452 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2453 | =item broot() |
ccbfef19 | 2454 | |
6320cdc0 | 2455 | $x->broot($n); |
b8884ce4 T |
2456 | |
2457 | Calculate the N'th root of $x. | |
2458 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2459 | =item badd() |
3f185657 | 2460 | |
6320cdc0 | 2461 | $x->badd($y); |
3f185657 PJA |
2462 | |
2463 | Adds $y to $x and returns the result. | |
2464 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2465 | =item bmul() |
3f185657 | 2466 | |
6320cdc0 | 2467 | $x->bmul($y); |
3f185657 PJA |
2468 | |
2469 | Multiplies $y to $x and returns the result. | |
2470 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2471 | =item bsub() |
3f185657 | 2472 | |
6320cdc0 | 2473 | $x->bsub($y); |
3f185657 PJA |
2474 | |
2475 | Subtracts $y from $x and returns the result. | |
2476 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2477 | =item bdiv() |
3f185657 | 2478 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2479 | $q = $x->bdiv($y); |
2480 | ($q, $r) = $x->bdiv($y); | |
3f185657 PJA |
2481 | |
2482 | In scalar context, divides $x by $y and returns the result. In list context, | |
2483 | does floored division (F-division), returning an integer $q and a remainder $r | |
2484 | so that $x = $q * $y + $r. The remainer (modulo) is equal to what is returned | |
2485 | by C<$x->bmod($y)>. | |
2486 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2487 | =item bdec() |
3f185657 | 2488 | |
6320cdc0 | 2489 | $x->bdec(); |
3f185657 PJA |
2490 | |
2491 | Decrements $x by 1 and returns the result. | |
2492 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2493 | =item binc() |
3f185657 | 2494 | |
6320cdc0 | 2495 | $x->binc(); |
b8884ce4 | 2496 | |
3f185657 | 2497 | Increments $x by 1 and returns the result. |
b8884ce4 | 2498 | |
6320cdc0 | 2499 | =item copy() |
b8884ce4 | 2500 | |
6320cdc0 | 2501 | my $z = $x->copy(); |
b8884ce4 T |
2502 | |
2503 | Makes a deep copy of the object. | |
2504 | ||
2505 | Please see the documentation in L<Math::BigInt> for further details. | |
2506 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2507 | =item bstr()/bsstr() |
b8884ce4 | 2508 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2509 | my $x = Math::BigRat->new('8/4'); |
2510 | print $x->bstr(), "\n"; # prints 1/2 | |
2511 | print $x->bsstr(), "\n"; # prints 1/2 | |
b8884ce4 | 2512 | |
c4a6f826 | 2513 | Return a string representing this object. |
b8884ce4 | 2514 | |
6320cdc0 | 2515 | =item bcmp() |
b8884ce4 | 2516 | |
6320cdc0 | 2517 | $x->bcmp($y); |
b8884ce4 | 2518 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2519 | Compares $x with $y and takes the sign into account. |
2520 | Returns -1, 0, 1 or undef. | |
2521 | ||
2522 | =item bacmp() | |
2523 | ||
2524 | $x->bacmp($y); | |
b8884ce4 | 2525 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2526 | Compares $x with $y while ignoring their sign. Returns -1, 0, 1 or undef. |
2527 | ||
2528 | =item beq() | |
2529 | ||
2530 | $x -> beq($y); | |
2531 | ||
2532 | Returns true if and only if $x is equal to $y, and false otherwise. | |
2533 | ||
2534 | =item bne() | |
2535 | ||
2536 | $x -> bne($y); | |
2537 | ||
2538 | Returns true if and only if $x is not equal to $y, and false otherwise. | |
2539 | ||
2540 | =item blt() | |
2541 | ||
2542 | $x -> blt($y); | |
2543 | ||
2544 | Returns true if and only if $x is equal to $y, and false otherwise. | |
2545 | ||
2546 | =item ble() | |
2547 | ||
2548 | $x -> ble($y); | |
2549 | ||
2550 | Returns true if and only if $x is less than or equal to $y, and false | |
2551 | otherwise. | |
2552 | ||
2553 | =item bgt() | |
2554 | ||
2555 | $x -> bgt($y); | |
2556 | ||
2557 | Returns true if and only if $x is greater than $y, and false otherwise. | |
2558 | ||
2559 | =item bge() | |
2560 | ||
2561 | $x -> bge($y); | |
2562 | ||
2563 | Returns true if and only if $x is greater than or equal to $y, and false | |
2564 | otherwise. | |
2565 | ||
2566 | =item blsft()/brsft() | |
b8884ce4 T |
2567 | |
2568 | Used to shift numbers left/right. | |
2569 | ||
2570 | Please see the documentation in L<Math::BigInt> for further details. | |
2571 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
2572 | =item band() |
2573 | ||
2574 | $x->band($y); # bitwise and | |
2575 | ||
2576 | =item bior() | |
2577 | ||
2578 | $x->bior($y); # bitwise inclusive or | |
2579 | ||
2580 | =item bxor() | |
2581 | ||
2582 | $x->bxor($y); # bitwise exclusive or | |
b8884ce4 | 2583 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2584 | =item bnot() |
2585 | ||
2586 | $x->bnot(); # bitwise not (two's complement) | |
2587 | ||
2588 | =item bpow() | |
2589 | ||
2590 | $x->bpow($y); | |
b8884ce4 T |
2591 | |
2592 | Compute $x ** $y. | |
2593 | ||
2594 | Please see the documentation in L<Math::BigInt> for further details. | |
2595 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
2596 | =item blog() |
2597 | ||
2598 | $x->blog($base, $accuracy); # logarithm of x to the base $base | |
116a1b2f | 2599 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2600 | If C<$base> is not defined, Euler's number (e) is used: |
2601 | ||
2602 | print $x->blog(undef, 100); # log(x) to 100 digits | |
2603 | ||
2604 | =item bexp() | |
2605 | ||
2606 | $x->bexp($accuracy); # calculate e ** X | |
116a1b2f SP |
2607 | |
2608 | Calculates two integers A and B so that A/B is equal to C<e ** $x>, where C<e> is | |
2609 | Euler's number. | |
2610 | ||
2611 | This method was added in v0.20 of Math::BigRat (May 2007). | |
2612 | ||
3d6c5fec | 2613 | See also C<blog()>. |
116a1b2f | 2614 | |
6320cdc0 | 2615 | =item bnok() |
116a1b2f | 2616 | |
6320cdc0 | 2617 | $x->bnok($y); # x over y (binomial coefficient n over k) |
116a1b2f SP |
2618 | |
2619 | Calculates the binomial coefficient n over k, also called the "choose" | |
2620 | function. The result is equivalent to: | |
2621 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
2622 | ( n ) n! |
2623 | | - | = ------- | |
2624 | ( k ) k!(n-k)! | |
116a1b2f SP |
2625 | |
2626 | This method was added in v0.20 of Math::BigRat (May 2007). | |
2627 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2628 | =item config() |
990fb837 | 2629 | |
6320cdc0 | 2630 | use Data::Dumper; |
990fb837 | 2631 | |
6320cdc0 SH |
2632 | print Dumper ( Math::BigRat->config() ); |
2633 | print Math::BigRat->config()->{lib}, "\n"; | |
990fb837 RGS |
2634 | |
2635 | Returns a hash containing the configuration, e.g. the version number, lib | |
2636 | loaded etc. The following hash keys are currently filled in with the | |
2637 | appropriate information. | |
2638 | ||
6320cdc0 SH |
2639 | key RO/RW Description |
2640 | Example | |
2641 | ============================================================ | |
2642 | lib RO Name of the Math library | |
2643 | Math::BigInt::Calc | |
2644 | lib_version RO Version of 'lib' | |
2645 | 0.30 | |
2646 | class RO The class of config you just called | |
2647 | Math::BigRat | |
2648 | version RO version number of the class you used | |
2649 | 0.10 | |
2650 | upgrade RW To which class numbers are upgraded | |
2651 | undef | |
2652 | downgrade RW To which class numbers are downgraded | |
2653 | undef | |
2654 | precision RW Global precision | |
2655 | undef | |
2656 | accuracy RW Global accuracy | |
2657 | undef | |
2658 | round_mode RW Global round mode | |
2659 | even | |
2660 | div_scale RW Fallback accuracy for div | |
2661 | 40 | |
2662 | trap_nan RW Trap creation of NaN (undef = no) | |
2663 | undef | |
2664 | trap_inf RW Trap creation of +inf/-inf (undef = no) | |
2665 | undef | |
990fb837 RGS |
2666 | |
2667 | By passing a reference to a hash you may set the configuration values. This | |
2668 | works only for values that a marked with a C<RW> above, anything else is | |
2669 | read-only. | |
2670 | ||
6320cdc0 | 2671 | =back |
4de3d162 | 2672 | |
a4e2b1c6 | 2673 | =head1 BUGS |
6de7f0cc | 2674 | |
a7752796 PJA |
2675 | Please report any bugs or feature requests to |
2676 | C<bug-math-bigrat at rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at | |
2677 | L<https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Create.html?Queue=Math-BigRat> | |
2678 | (requires login). | |
2679 | We will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on | |
2680 | your bug as I make changes. | |
2681 | ||
2682 | =head1 SUPPORT | |
2683 | ||
2684 | You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command. | |
2685 | ||
2686 | perldoc Math::BigRat | |
2687 | ||
2688 | You can also look for information at: | |
2689 | ||
2690 | =over 4 | |
2691 | ||
2692 | =item * RT: CPAN's request tracker | |
2693 | ||
2694 | L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Math-BigRat> | |
2695 | ||
2696 | =item * AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation | |
2697 | ||
2698 | L<http://annocpan.org/dist/Math-BigRat> | |
2699 | ||
2700 | =item * CPAN Ratings | |
7d341013 | 2701 | |
a7752796 | 2702 | L<http://cpanratings.perl.org/dist/Math-BigRat> |
7d341013 | 2703 | |
a7752796 | 2704 | =item * Search CPAN |
7d341013 | 2705 | |
a7752796 | 2706 | L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Math-BigRat/> |
7d341013 | 2707 | |
a7752796 | 2708 | =item * CPAN Testers Matrix |
7d341013 | 2709 | |
a7752796 | 2710 | L<http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=Math-BigRat> |
7d341013 | 2711 | |
a7752796 PJA |
2712 | =item * The Bignum mailing list |
2713 | ||
2714 | =over 4 | |
2715 | ||
2716 | =item * Post to mailing list | |
2717 | ||
2718 | C<bignum at lists.scsys.co.uk> | |
2719 | ||
2720 | =item * View mailing list | |
2721 | ||
2722 | L<http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/bignum/> | |
2723 | ||
2724 | =item * Subscribe/Unsubscribe | |
2725 | ||
2726 | L<http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/bignum> | |
2727 | ||
2728 | =back | |
7afd7a91 | 2729 | |
7d341013 | 2730 | =back |
184f15d5 JH |
2731 | |
2732 | =head1 LICENSE | |
2733 | ||
2734 | This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under | |
2735 | the same terms as Perl itself. | |
2736 | ||
2737 | =head1 SEE ALSO | |
2738 | ||
a7752796 PJA |
2739 | L<bigrat>, L<Math::BigFloat> and L<Math::BigInt> as well as the backends |
2740 | L<Math::BigInt::FastCalc>, L<Math::BigInt::GMP>, and L<Math::BigInt::Pari>. | |
184f15d5 JH |
2741 | |
2742 | =head1 AUTHORS | |
2743 | ||
c6c613ed CBW |
2744 | (C) by Tels L<http://bloodgate.com/> 2001 - 2009. |
2745 | ||
3f185657 | 2746 | Currently maintained by Peter John Acklam <pjacklam@online.no>. |
184f15d5 JH |
2747 | |
2748 | =cut |