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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | ||
3 | perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules | |
4 | ||
5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
6 | ||
7 | You can think of a module as the fundamental unit of reusable Perl | |
b3539c74 JH |
8 | code; see L<perlmod> for details. Whenever anyone creates a chunk of |
9 | Perl code that they think will be useful to the world, they register | |
a74498e7 | 10 | as a Perl developer at http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html |
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11 | so that they can then upload their code to the CPAN. The CPAN is the |
12 | Comprehensive Perl Archive Network and can be accessed at | |
91826056 | 13 | http://www.cpan.org/ , and searched at http://search.cpan.org/ . |
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14 | |
15 | This documentation is for people who want to download CPAN modules | |
16 | and install them on their own computer. | |
17 | ||
18 | =head2 PREAMBLE | |
19 | ||
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20 | First, are you sure that the module isn't already on your system? Try |
21 | C<perl -MFoo -e 1>. (Replace "Foo" with the name of the module; for | |
91826056 | 22 | instance, C<perl -MCGI::Carp -e 1>. |
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23 | |
24 | If you don't see an error message, you have the module. (If you do | |
25 | see an error message, it's still possible you have the module, but | |
26 | that it's not in your path, which you can display with C<perl -e | |
27 | "print qq(@INC)">.) For the remainder of this document, we'll assume | |
28 | that you really honestly truly lack an installed module, but have | |
29 | found it on the CPAN. | |
30 | ||
31 | So now you have a file ending in .tar.gz (or, less often, .zip). You | |
32 | know there's a tasty module inside. There are four steps you must now | |
33 | take: | |
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34 | |
35 | =over 5 | |
36 | ||
37 | =item B<DECOMPRESS> the file | |
637e9122 | 38 | |
fb9cefb4 | 39 | =item B<UNPACK> the file into a directory |
637e9122 | 40 | |
fb9cefb4 | 41 | =item B<BUILD> the module (sometimes unnecessary) |
637e9122 | 42 | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
43 | =item B<INSTALL> the module. |
44 | ||
45 | =back | |
46 | ||
47 | Here's how to perform each step for each operating system. This is | |
91826056 | 48 | <not> a substitute for reading the README and INSTALL files that |
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49 | might have come with your module! |
50 | ||
51 | Also note that these instructions are tailored for installing the | |
b3539c74 | 52 | module into your system's repository of Perl modules -- but you can |
fb9cefb4 | 53 | install modules into any directory you wish. For instance, where I |
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54 | say C<perl Makefile.PL>, you can substitute C<perl Makefile.PL |
55 | PREFIX=/my/perl_directory> to install the modules into | |
56 | C</my/perl_directory>. Then you can use the modules from your Perl | |
57 | programs with C<use lib "/my/perl_directory/lib/site_perl";> or | |
58 | sometimes just C<use "/my/perl_directory";>. If you're on a system | |
59 | that requires superuser/root access to install modules into the | |
60 | directories you see when you type C<perl -e "print qq(@INC)">, you'll | |
61 | want to install them into a local directory (such as your home | |
91826056 | 62 | directory) and use this approach. |
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63 | |
64 | =over 4 | |
65 | ||
66 | =item * | |
67 | ||
b3539c74 | 68 | B<If you're on a Unix or Linux system,> |
fb9cefb4 | 69 | |
91826056 JH |
70 | You can use Andreas Koenig's CPAN module |
71 | ( http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/CPAN ) | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
72 | to automate the following steps, from DECOMPRESS through INSTALL. |
73 | ||
91826056 | 74 | A. DECOMPRESS |
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75 | |
76 | Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz> | |
77 | ||
1577cd80 | 78 | You can get gzip from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/ |
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79 | |
80 | Or, you can combine this step with the next to save disk space: | |
81 | ||
82 | gzip -dc yourmodule.tar.gz | tar -xof - | |
83 | ||
84 | B. UNPACK | |
85 | ||
86 | Unpack the result with C<tar -xof yourmodule.tar> | |
87 | ||
88 | C. BUILD | |
89 | ||
90 | Go into the newly-created directory and type: | |
91 | ||
92 | perl Makefile.PL | |
93 | make | |
94 | make test | |
95 | ||
91826056 | 96 | or |
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97 | |
98 | perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/my/perl_directory | |
99 | ||
100 | to install it locally. (Remember that if you do this, you'll have to | |
101 | put C<use lib "/my/perl_directory";> near the top of the program that | |
102 | is to use this module. | |
103 | ||
fb9cefb4 GS |
104 | D. INSTALL |
105 | ||
106 | While still in that directory, type: | |
107 | ||
108 | make install | |
109 | ||
b3539c74 | 110 | Make sure you have the appropriate permissions to install the module |
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111 | in your Perl 5 library directory. Often, you'll need to be root. |
112 | ||
113 | That's all you need to do on Unix systems with dynamic linking. | |
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114 | Most Unix systems have dynamic linking -- if yours doesn't, or if for |
115 | another reason you have a statically-linked perl, B<and> the | |
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116 | module requires compilation, you'll need to build a new Perl binary |
117 | that includes the module. Again, you'll probably need to be root. | |
118 | ||
119 | =item * | |
120 | ||
b3539c74 JH |
121 | B<If you're running ActivePerl (Win95/98/2K/NT/XP, Linux, Solaris)> |
122 | ||
123 | First, type C<ppm> from a shell and see whether ActiveState's PPM | |
124 | repository has your module. If so, you can install it with C<ppm> and | |
125 | you won't have to bother with any of the other steps here. You might | |
126 | be able to use the CPAN instructions from the "Unix or Linux" section | |
127 | above as well; give it a try. Otherwise, you'll have to follow the | |
128 | steps below. | |
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129 | |
130 | A. DECOMPRESS | |
131 | ||
b3539c74 | 132 | You can use the shareware Winzip ( http://www.winzip.com ) to |
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133 | decompress and unpack modules. |
134 | ||
135 | B. UNPACK | |
136 | ||
137 | If you used WinZip, this was already done for you. | |
138 | ||
139 | C. BUILD | |
140 | ||
b3539c74 JH |
141 | Does the module require compilation (i.e. does it have files that end |
142 | in .xs, .c, .h, .y, .cc, .cxx, or .C)? If it doesn't, go to INSTALL. | |
143 | If it does, life is now officially tough for you, because you have to | |
144 | compile the module yourself -- no easy feat on Windows. You'll need | |
145 | the C<nmake> utility, available at | |
1577cd80 | 146 | ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/nmake15.exe |
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147 | |
148 | D. INSTALL | |
149 | ||
150 | Copy the module into your Perl's I<lib> directory. That'll be one | |
91826056 | 151 | of the directories you see when you type |
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152 | |
153 | perl -e 'print "@INC"' | |
154 | ||
155 | =item * | |
156 | ||
fb9cefb4 GS |
157 | B<If you're using a Macintosh,> |
158 | ||
b3539c74 | 159 | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
160 | A. DECOMPRESS |
161 | ||
b3539c74 JH |
162 | First, make sure you have the latest B<cpan-mac> distribution ( |
163 | http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/CNANDOR/ ), which has utilities for | |
164 | doing all of the steps. Read the cpan-mac directions carefully and | |
165 | install it. If you choose not to use cpan-mac for some reason, there | |
166 | are alternatives listed here. | |
be94a901 | 167 | |
24dc5443 JH |
168 | After installing cpan-mac, drop the module archive on the |
169 | B<untarzipme> droplet, which will decompress and unpack for you. | |
be94a901 | 170 | |
24dc5443 JH |
171 | B<Or>, you can either use the shareware B<StuffIt Expander> program |
172 | ( http://www.aladdinsys.com/expander/ ) | |
173 | in combination with B<DropStuff with Expander Enhancer> | |
174 | ( http://www.aladdinsys.com/dropstuff/ ) | |
19799a22 | 175 | or the freeware B<MacGzip> program ( |
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176 | http://persephone.cps.unizar.es/general/gente/spd/gzip/gzip.html ). |
177 | ||
178 | B. UNPACK | |
179 | ||
24dc5443 JH |
180 | If you're using untarzipme or StuffIt, the archive should be extracted |
181 | now. B<Or>, you can use the freeware B<suntar> or I<Tar> ( | |
6cecdcac | 182 | http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/cmp/ ). |
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183 | |
184 | C. BUILD | |
185 | ||
24dc5443 JH |
186 | Check the contents of the distribution. |
187 | Read the module's documentation, looking for | |
188 | reasons why you might have trouble using it with MacPerl. Look for | |
189 | F<.xs> and F<.c> files, which normally denote that the distribution | |
190 | must be compiled, and you cannot install it "out of the box." | |
191 | (See L<"PORTABILITY">.) | |
192 | ||
193 | If a module does not work on MacPerl but should, or needs to be | |
194 | compiled, see if the module exists already as a port on the | |
1577cd80 | 195 | MacPerl Module Porters site ( http://pudge.net/mmp/ ). |
24dc5443 | 196 | For more information on doing XS with MacPerl yourself, see |
1577cd80 | 197 | Arved Sandstrom's XS tutorial ( http://macperl.com/depts/Tutorials/ ), |
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198 | and then consider uploading your binary to the CPAN and |
199 | registering it on the MMP site. | |
fb9cefb4 | 200 | |
24dc5443 | 201 | D. INSTALL |
fb9cefb4 | 202 | |
24dc5443 JH |
203 | If you are using cpan-mac, just drop the folder on the |
204 | B<installme> droplet, and use the module. | |
fb9cefb4 | 205 | |
24dc5443 | 206 | B<Or>, if you aren't using cpan-mac, do some manual labor. |
fb9cefb4 GS |
207 | |
208 | Make sure the newlines for the modules are in Mac format, not Unix format. | |
be94a901 GS |
209 | If they are not then you might have decompressed them incorrectly. Check |
210 | your decompression and unpacking utilities settings to make sure they are | |
211 | translating text files properly. | |
7711098a | 212 | |
24dc5443 | 213 | As a last resort, you can use the perl one-liner: |
19799a22 | 214 | |
24dc5443 | 215 | perl -i.bak -pe 's/(?:\015)?\012/\015/g' <filenames> |
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216 | |
217 | on the source files. | |
be94a901 | 218 | |
24dc5443 JH |
219 | Then move the files (probably just the F<.pm> files, though there |
220 | may be some additional ones, too; check the module documentation) | |
221 | to their final destination: This will | |
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222 | most likely be in C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:> (i.e., |
223 | C<HD:MacPerl folder:site_lib:>). You can add new paths to | |
224 | the default C<@INC> in the Preferences menu item in the | |
225 | MacPerl application (C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:> is added | |
226 | automagically). Create whatever directory structures are required | |
227 | (i.e., for C<Some::Module>, create | |
228 | C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:Some:> and put | |
229 | C<Module.pm> in that directory). | |
230 | ||
24dc5443 | 231 | Then run the following script (or something like it): |
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232 | |
233 | #!perl -w | |
234 | use AutoSplit; | |
235 | my $dir = "${MACPERL}site_perl"; | |
236 | autosplit("$dir:Some:Module.pm", "$dir:auto", 0, 1, 1); | |
237 | ||
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238 | =item * |
239 | ||
240 | B<If you're on the DJGPP port of DOS,> | |
241 | ||
242 | A. DECOMPRESS | |
243 | ||
244 | djtarx ( ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2/ ) | |
91826056 | 245 | will both uncompress and unpack. |
fb9cefb4 GS |
246 | |
247 | B. UNPACK | |
248 | ||
249 | See above. | |
250 | ||
251 | C. BUILD | |
252 | ||
253 | Go into the newly-created directory and type: | |
254 | ||
255 | perl Makefile.PL | |
256 | make | |
257 | make test | |
258 | ||
91826056 | 259 | You will need the packages mentioned in F<README.dos> |
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260 | in the Perl distribution. |
261 | ||
262 | D. INSTALL | |
263 | ||
264 | While still in that directory, type: | |
265 | ||
b3539c74 | 266 | make install |
91826056 JH |
267 | |
268 | You will need the packages mentioned in F<README.dos> in the Perl distribution. | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
269 | |
270 | =item * | |
271 | ||
272 | B<If you're on OS/2,> | |
273 | ||
274 | Get the EMX development suite and gzip/tar, from either Hobbes ( | |
275 | http://hobbes.nmsu.edu ) or Leo ( http://www.leo.org ), and then follow | |
276 | the instructions for Unix. | |
277 | ||
278 | =item * | |
279 | ||
280 | B<If you're on VMS,> | |
281 | ||
b3539c74 JH |
282 | When downloading from CPAN, save your file with a C<.tgz> |
283 | extension instead of C<.tar.gz>. All other periods in the | |
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284 | filename should be replaced with underscores. For example, |
285 | C<Your-Module-1.33.tar.gz> should be downloaded as | |
286 | C<Your-Module-1_33.tgz>. | |
287 | ||
288 | A. DECOMPRESS | |
289 | ||
91826056 | 290 | Type |
fb9cefb4 GS |
291 | |
292 | gzip -d Your-Module.tgz | |
293 | ||
91826056 | 294 | or, for zipped modules, type |
fb9cefb4 GS |
295 | |
296 | unzip Your-Module.zip | |
297 | ||
91826056 JH |
298 | Executables for gzip, zip, and VMStar: |
299 | ||
300 | http://www.openvms.digital.com/freeware/ | |
301 | http://www.crinoid.com/utils/ | |
fb9cefb4 | 302 | |
91826056 JH |
303 | and their source code: |
304 | ||
305 | http://www.fsf.org/order/ftp.html | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
306 | |
307 | Note that GNU's gzip/gunzip is not the same as Info-ZIP's zip/unzip | |
308 | package. The former is a simple compression tool; the latter permits | |
309 | creation of multi-file archives. | |
310 | ||
311 | B. UNPACK | |
312 | ||
313 | If you're using VMStar: | |
314 | ||
315 | VMStar xf Your-Module.tar | |
316 | ||
317 | Or, if you're fond of VMS command syntax: | |
318 | ||
319 | tar/extract/verbose Your_Module.tar | |
320 | ||
91826056 | 321 | C. BUILD |
fb9cefb4 | 322 | |
91826056 JH |
323 | Make sure you have MMS (from Digital) or the freeware MMK ( available |
324 | from MadGoat at http://www.madgoat.com ). Then type this to create | |
325 | the DESCRIP.MMS for the module: | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
326 | |
327 | perl Makefile.PL | |
328 | ||
329 | Now you're ready to build: | |
330 | ||
331 | mms | |
332 | mms test | |
333 | ||
334 | Substitute C<mmk> for C<mms> above if you're using MMK. | |
335 | ||
336 | D. INSTALL | |
337 | ||
91826056 | 338 | Type |
fb9cefb4 GS |
339 | |
340 | mms install | |
341 | ||
342 | Substitute C<mmk> for C<mms> above if you're using MMK. | |
343 | ||
344 | =item * | |
345 | ||
346 | B<If you're on MVS>, | |
347 | ||
91826056 | 348 | Introduce the F<.tar.gz> file into an HFS as binary; don't translate from |
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349 | ASCII to EBCDIC. |
350 | ||
91826056 | 351 | A. DECOMPRESS |
fb9cefb4 | 352 | |
07698885 | 353 | Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz> |
fb9cefb4 | 354 | |
07698885 RGS |
355 | You can get gzip from |
356 | http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxqp1.html | |
fb9cefb4 GS |
357 | |
358 | B. UNPACK | |
359 | ||
91826056 | 360 | Unpack the result with |
fb9cefb4 GS |
361 | |
362 | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < yourmodule.tar | |
363 | ||
364 | The BUILD and INSTALL steps are identical to those for Unix. Some | |
365 | modules generate Makefiles that work better with GNU make, which is | |
1577cd80 | 366 | available from http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/ |
fb9cefb4 GS |
367 | |
368 | =back | |
369 | ||
24dc5443 JH |
370 | =head1 PORTABILITY |
371 | ||
372 | Note that not all modules will work with on all platforms. | |
373 | See L<perlport> for more information on portability issues. | |
374 | Read the documentation to see if the module will work on your | |
375 | system. There are basically three categories | |
376 | of modules that will not work "out of the box" with all | |
377 | platforms (with some possibility of overlap): | |
378 | ||
379 | =over 4 | |
380 | ||
381 | =item * | |
382 | ||
383 | B<Those that should, but don't.> These need to be fixed; consider | |
384 | contacting the author and possibly writing a patch. | |
385 | ||
386 | =item * | |
387 | ||
388 | B<Those that need to be compiled, where the target platform | |
389 | doesn't have compilers readily available.> (These modules contain | |
390 | F<.xs> or F<.c> files, usually.) You might be able to find | |
391 | existing binaries on the CPAN or elsewhere, or you might | |
392 | want to try getting compilers and building it yourself, and then | |
393 | release the binary for other poor souls to use. | |
394 | ||
395 | =item * | |
396 | ||
397 | B<Those that are targeted at a specific platform.> | |
398 | (Such as the Win32:: modules.) If the module is targeted | |
399 | specifically at a platform other than yours, you're out | |
400 | of luck, most likely. | |
401 | ||
402 | =back | |
403 | ||
404 | ||
405 | ||
406 | Check the CPAN Testers if a module should work with your platform | |
407 | but it doesn't behave as you'd expect, or you aren't sure whether or | |
408 | not a module will work under your platform. If the module you want | |
409 | isn't listed there, you can test it yourself and let CPAN Testers know, | |
410 | you can join CPAN Testers, or you can request it be tested. | |
411 | ||
412 | http://testers.cpan.org/ | |
413 | ||
414 | ||
fb9cefb4 GS |
415 | =head1 HEY |
416 | ||
417 | If you have any suggested changes for this page, let me know. Please | |
418 | don't send me mail asking for help on how to install your modules. | |
419 | There are too many modules, and too few Orwants, for me to be able to | |
420 | answer or even acknowledge all your questions. Contact the module | |
421 | author instead, or post to comp.lang.perl.modules, or ask someone | |
422 | familiar with Perl on your operating system. | |
423 | ||
424 | =head1 AUTHOR | |
425 | ||
91826056 | 426 | Jon Orwant |
fb9cefb4 GS |
427 | |
428 | orwant@tpj.com | |
429 | ||
430 | The Perl Journal, http://tpj.com | |
431 | ||
b3539c74 JH |
432 | with invaluable help from Chris Nandor, and valuable help from Brandon |
433 | Allbery, Charles Bailey, Graham Barr, Dominic Dunlop, Jarkko | |
434 | Hietaniemi, Ben Holzman, Tom Horsley, Nick Ing-Simmons, Tuomas | |
435 | J. Lukka, Laszlo Molnar, Alan Olsen, Peter Prymmer, Gurusamy Sarathy, | |
436 | Christoph Spalinger, Dan Sugalski, Larry Virden, and Ilya Zakharevich. | |
fb9cefb4 | 437 | |
b3539c74 | 438 | First version July 22, 1998; last revised November 21, 2001. |
fb9cefb4 GS |
439 | |
440 | =head1 COPYRIGHT | |
441 | ||
be3c0a43 | 442 | Copyright (C) 1998, 2002 Jon Orwant. All Rights Reserved. |
fb9cefb4 GS |
443 | |
444 | Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this | |
445 | documentation provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are | |
446 | preserved on all copies. | |
447 | ||
448 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this | |
449 | documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also | |
450 | that they are marked clearly as modified versions, that the authors' | |
451 | names and title are unchanged (though subtitles and additional | |
452 | authors' names may be added), and that the entire resulting derived | |
453 | work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical | |
454 | to this one. | |
455 | ||
456 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this | |
457 | documentation into another language, under the above conditions for | |
458 | modified versions. | |
b3539c74 | 459 |