Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
a0d0e21e | 1 | package Shell; |
3b825e41 | 2 | use 5.006_001; |
8d5b6de5 CT |
3 | use strict; |
4 | use warnings; | |
d0b4fbd9 DM |
5 | use File::Spec::Functions; |
6 | ||
96412ebc | 7 | our($capture_stderr, $raw, $VERSION, $AUTOLOAD); |
a0d0e21e | 8 | |
d93b8986 JH |
9 | $VERSION = '0.72_01'; |
10 | $VERSION = eval $VERSION; | |
8d5b6de5 | 11 | |
605870ff | 12 | sub new { bless \my $foo, shift } |
8d5b6de5 | 13 | sub DESTROY { } |
4633a7c4 | 14 | |
a0d0e21e LW |
15 | sub import { |
16 | my $self = shift; | |
17 | my ($callpack, $callfile, $callline) = caller; | |
18 | my @EXPORT; | |
19 | if (@_) { | |
ff5c8f2a | 20 | @EXPORT = @_; |
8d5b6de5 | 21 | } else { |
ff5c8f2a | 22 | @EXPORT = 'AUTOLOAD'; |
a0d0e21e | 23 | } |
8d5b6de5 CT |
24 | foreach my $sym (@EXPORT) { |
25 | no strict 'refs'; | |
a0d0e21e LW |
26 | *{"${callpack}::$sym"} = \&{"Shell::$sym"}; |
27 | } | |
8d5b6de5 | 28 | } |
a0d0e21e | 29 | |
ff5c8f2a AF |
30 | # NOTE: this is used to enable constant folding in |
31 | # expressions like (OS eq 'MSWin32') and | |
32 | # (OS eq 'os2') just like it happened in 0.6 version | |
33 | # which used eval "string" to install subs on the fly. | |
34 | use constant OS => $^O; | |
35 | ||
36 | =begin private | |
37 | ||
38 | =item B<_make_cmd> | |
39 | ||
40 | $sub = _make_cmd($cmd); | |
41 | $sub = $shell->_make_cmd($cmd); | |
42 | ||
43 | Creates a closure which invokes the system command C<$cmd>. | |
44 | ||
2b63cd5c RGS |
45 | =end private |
46 | ||
ff5c8f2a AF |
47 | =cut |
48 | ||
49 | sub _make_cmd { | |
8d5b6de5 | 50 | shift if ref $_[0] && $_[0]->isa( 'Shell' ); |
ff5c8f2a | 51 | my $cmd = shift; |
d0b4fbd9 | 52 | my $null = File::Spec::Functions::devnull(); |
c4a2e7a5 | 53 | $Shell::capture_stderr ||= 0; |
ff5c8f2a AF |
54 | # closing over $^O, $cmd, and $null |
55 | return sub { | |
56 | shift if ref $_[0] && $_[0]->isa( 'Shell' ); | |
57 | if (@_ < 1) { | |
58 | $Shell::capture_stderr == 1 ? `$cmd 2>&1` : | |
59 | $Shell::capture_stderr == -1 ? `$cmd 2>$null` : | |
60 | `$cmd`; | |
61 | } elsif (OS eq 'os2') { | |
62 | local(*SAVEOUT, *READ, *WRITE); | |
63 | ||
64 | open SAVEOUT, '>&STDOUT' or die; | |
65 | pipe READ, WRITE or die; | |
66 | open STDOUT, '>&WRITE' or die; | |
67 | close WRITE; | |
68 | ||
69 | my $pid = system(1, $cmd, @_); | |
70 | die "Can't execute $cmd: $!\n" if $pid < 0; | |
71 | ||
72 | open STDOUT, '>&SAVEOUT' or die; | |
73 | close SAVEOUT; | |
74 | ||
75 | if (wantarray) { | |
76 | my @ret = <READ>; | |
77 | close READ; | |
78 | waitpid $pid, 0; | |
79 | @ret; | |
80 | } else { | |
81 | local($/) = undef; | |
82 | my $ret = <READ>; | |
83 | close READ; | |
84 | waitpid $pid, 0; | |
85 | $ret; | |
86 | } | |
87 | } else { | |
88 | my $a; | |
89 | my @arr = @_; | |
90 | unless( $Shell::raw ){ | |
91 | if (OS eq 'MSWin32') { | |
92 | # XXX this special-casing should not be needed | |
93 | # if we do quoting right on Windows. :-( | |
94 | # | |
95 | # First, escape all quotes. Cover the case where we | |
96 | # want to pass along a quote preceded by a backslash | |
97 | # (i.e., C<"param \""" end">). | |
98 | # Ugly, yup? You know, windoze. | |
99 | # Enclose in quotes only the parameters that need it: | |
100 | # try this: c:> dir "/w" | |
101 | # and this: c:> dir /w | |
102 | for (@arr) { | |
103 | s/"/\\"/g; | |
104 | s/\\\\"/\\\\"""/g; | |
105 | $_ = qq["$_"] if /\s/; | |
106 | } | |
107 | } else { | |
108 | for (@arr) { | |
109 | s/(['\\])/\\$1/g; | |
110 | $_ = $_; | |
111 | } | |
96412ebc | 112 | } |
ff5c8f2a AF |
113 | } |
114 | push @arr, '2>&1' if $Shell::capture_stderr == 1; | |
115 | push @arr, '2>$null' if $Shell::capture_stderr == -1; | |
116 | open(SUBPROC, join(' ', $cmd, @arr, '|')) | |
117 | or die "Can't exec $cmd: $!\n"; | |
118 | if (wantarray) { | |
119 | my @ret = <SUBPROC>; | |
120 | close SUBPROC; # XXX Oughta use a destructor. | |
121 | @ret; | |
122 | } else { | |
123 | local($/) = undef; | |
124 | my $ret = <SUBPROC>; | |
125 | close SUBPROC; | |
126 | $ret; | |
127 | } | |
128 | } | |
129 | }; | |
130 | } | |
131 | ||
132 | sub AUTOLOAD { | |
133 | shift if ref $_[0] && $_[0]->isa( 'Shell' ); | |
134 | my $cmd = $AUTOLOAD; | |
135 | $cmd =~ s/^.*:://; | |
136 | no strict 'refs'; | |
137 | *$AUTOLOAD = _make_cmd($cmd); | |
a0d0e21e LW |
138 | goto &$AUTOLOAD; |
139 | } | |
140 | ||
141 | 1; | |
8d5b6de5 | 142 | |
a5f75d66 AD |
143 | __END__ |
144 | ||
145 | =head1 NAME | |
146 | ||
147 | Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl | |
148 | ||
149 | =head1 SYNOPSIS | |
150 | ||
96412ebc WL |
151 | use Shell qw(cat ps cp); |
152 | $passwd = cat('</etc/passwd'); | |
153 | @pslines = ps('-ww'), | |
154 | cp("/etc/passwd", "/tmp/passwd"); | |
155 | ||
156 | # object oriented | |
157 | my $sh = Shell->new; | |
158 | print $sh->ls('-l'); | |
a5f75d66 AD |
159 | |
160 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
161 | ||
96412ebc WL |
162 | =head2 Caveats |
163 | ||
164 | This package is included as a show case, illustrating a few Perl features. | |
165 | It shouldn't be used for production programs. Although it does provide a | |
166 | simple interface for obtaining the standard output of arbitrary commands, | |
167 | there may be better ways of achieving what you need. | |
168 | ||
169 | Running shell commands while obtaining standard output can be done with the | |
170 | C<qx/STRING/> operator, or by calling C<open> with a filename expression that | |
171 | ends with C<|>, giving you the option to process one line at a time. | |
172 | If you don't need to process standard output at all, you might use C<system> | |
173 | (in preference of doing a print with the collected standard output). | |
174 | ||
175 | Since Shell.pm and all of the aforementioned techniques use your system's | |
176 | shell to call some local command, none of them is portable across different | |
177 | systems. Note, however, that there are several built in functions and | |
178 | library packages providing portable implementations of functions operating | |
179 | on files, such as: C<glob>, C<link> and C<unlink>, C<mkdir> and C<rmdir>, | |
180 | C<rename>, C<File::Compare>, C<File::Copy>, C<File::Find> etc. | |
181 | ||
182 | Using Shell.pm while importing C<foo> creates a subroutine C<foo> in the | |
183 | namespace of the importing package. Calling C<foo> with arguments C<arg1>, | |
184 | C<arg2>,... results in a shell command C<foo arg1 arg2...>, where the | |
185 | function name and the arguments are joined with a blank. (See the subsection | |
186 | on Escaping magic characters.) Since the result is essentially a command | |
187 | line to be passed to the shell, your notion of arguments to the Perl | |
188 | function is not necessarily identical to what the shell treats as a | |
189 | command line token, to be passed as an individual argument to the program. | |
190 | Furthermore, note that this implies that C<foo> is callable by file name | |
191 | only, which frequently depends on the setting of the program's environment. | |
192 | ||
193 | Creating a Shell object gives you the opportunity to call any command | |
194 | in the usual OO notation without requiring you to announce it in the | |
195 | C<use Shell> statement. Don't assume any additional semantics being | |
196 | associated with a Shell object: in no way is it similar to a shell | |
197 | process with its environment or current working directory or any | |
198 | other setting. | |
199 | ||
200 | =head2 Escaping Magic Characters | |
201 | ||
202 | It is, in general, impossible to take care of quoting the shell's | |
203 | magic characters. For some obscure reason, however, Shell.pm quotes | |
204 | apostrophes (C<'>) and backslashes (C<\>) on UNIX, and spaces and | |
205 | quotes (C<">) on Windows. | |
206 | ||
207 | =head2 Configuration | |
208 | ||
d93b8986 | 209 | If you set $Shell::capture_stderr to 1, the module will attempt to |
96412ebc WL |
210 | capture the standard error output of the process as well. This is |
211 | done by adding C<2E<gt>&1> to the command line, so don't try this on | |
212 | a system not supporting this redirection. | |
213 | ||
d93b8986 JH |
214 | Setting $Shell::capture_stderr to -1 will send standard error to the |
215 | bit bucket (i.e., the equivalent of adding C<2E<gt>/dev/null> to the | |
216 | command line). The same caveat regarding redirection applies. | |
217 | ||
96412ebc WL |
218 | If you set $Shell::raw to true no quoting whatsoever is done. |
219 | ||
220 | =head1 BUGS | |
221 | ||
222 | Quoting should be off by default. | |
223 | ||
224 | It isn't possible to call shell built in commands, but it can be | |
225 | done by using a workaround, e.g. shell( '-c', 'set' ). | |
226 | ||
227 | Capturing standard error does not work on some systems (e.g. VMS). | |
228 | ||
229 | =head1 AUTHOR | |
230 | ||
a5f75d66 AD |
231 | Date: Thu, 22 Sep 94 16:18:16 -0700 |
232 | Message-Id: <9409222318.AA17072@scalpel.netlabs.com> | |
233 | To: perl5-porters@isu.edu | |
234 | From: Larry Wall <lwall@scalpel.netlabs.com> | |
235 | Subject: a new module I just wrote | |
236 | ||
237 | Here's one that'll whack your mind a little out. | |
238 | ||
239 | #!/usr/bin/perl | |
240 | ||
241 | use Shell; | |
242 | ||
243 | $foo = echo("howdy", "<funny>", "world"); | |
244 | print $foo; | |
245 | ||
246 | $passwd = cat("</etc/passwd"); | |
247 | print $passwd; | |
248 | ||
249 | sub ps; | |
250 | print ps -ww; | |
251 | ||
2359510d | 252 | cp("/etc/passwd", "/etc/passwd.orig"); |
a5f75d66 AD |
253 | |
254 | That's maybe too gonzo. It actually exports an AUTOLOAD to the current | |
255 | package (and uncovered a bug in Beta 3, by the way). Maybe the usual | |
256 | usage should be | |
257 | ||
258 | use Shell qw(echo cat ps cp); | |
259 | ||
a5f75d66 AD |
260 | Larry Wall |
261 | ||
96412ebc WL |
262 | Changes by Jenda@Krynicky.cz and Dave Cottle <d.cottle@csc.canterbury.ac.nz>. |
263 | ||
264 | Changes for OO syntax and bug fixes by Casey West <casey@geeknest.com>. | |
253924a2 | 265 | |
96412ebc | 266 | C<$Shell::raw> and pod rewrite by Wolfgang Laun. |
8d5b6de5 | 267 | |
ff5c8f2a AF |
268 | Rewritten to use closures rather than C<eval "string"> by Adriano Ferreira. |
269 | ||
a5f75d66 | 270 | =cut |