Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
2e1d04bc JH |
1 | #!../miniperl |
2 | ||
5b504182 NC |
3 | use strict; |
4 | use warnings; | |
5 | ||
bdba2fe9 | 6 | local $ENV{LC_ALL} = 'C'; |
1fa7ca25 | 7 | |
f556af6c NC |
8 | my $Quiet; |
9 | @ARGV = grep { not($_ eq '-q' and $Quiet = 1) } @ARGV; | |
291c64f4 | 10 | |
f556af6c NC |
11 | if (@ARGV) { |
12 | my $workdir = shift; | |
13 | chdir $workdir | |
14 | or die "Couldn't chdir to '$workdir': $!"; | |
15 | } | |
16 | require 'regen/regen_lib.pl'; | |
4d671226 | 17 | |
291c64f4 NC |
18 | # MANIFEST itself is Unix style filenames, so we have to assume that Unix style |
19 | # filenames will work. | |
20 | ||
f556af6c NC |
21 | open MANIFEST, '<', 'MANIFEST' |
22 | or die "Can't open MANIFEST: $!"; | |
0f6ab019 TI |
23 | my @files = |
24 | grep !m#/perl.*\.pod#, | |
25 | grep m#(?:\.pm|\.pod|_pm\.PL)#, | |
26 | map {s/\s.*//s; $_} | |
27 | grep { m#^(lib|ext|dist|cpan)/# && !m#/(?:t|demo)/# } | |
28 | <MANIFEST>; | |
f556af6c NC |
29 | close MANIFEST |
30 | or die "$0: failed to close MANIFEST: $!"; | |
31 | ||
32 | my $out = open_new('pod/perlmodlib.pod', undef, | |
33 | {by => "$0 extracting documentation", | |
34 | from => 'the Perl source files'}, 1); | |
cf9cbb1f NC |
35 | |
36 | my %exceptions = ( | |
37 | 'abbrev' => 'Text::Abbrev', | |
38 | 'carp' => 'Carp', | |
39 | 'getopt' => 'Getopt::Std', | |
cf9cbb1f NC |
40 | 'Encode::MIME::NAME' => 'Encode::MIME::Name', |
41 | 'libnetFAQ' => 'Net::libnetFAQ', | |
4e42dfb1 JB |
42 | ); |
43 | ||
f556af6c NC |
44 | my (@pragma, @mod); |
45 | ||
cf9cbb1f | 46 | for my $filename (@files) { |
f556af6c NC |
47 | unless (open MOD, '<', $filename) { |
48 | warn "Couldn't open $filename: $!"; | |
e8041d9b | 49 | next; |
4e42dfb1 | 50 | } |
4e860d0a | 51 | |
5b504182 NC |
52 | my ($name, $thing); |
53 | my $foundit = 0; | |
54 | { | |
55 | local $/ = ""; | |
56 | while (<MOD>) { | |
57 | next unless /^=head1 NAME/; | |
58 | $foundit++; | |
59 | last; | |
60 | } | |
61 | } | |
62 | unless ($foundit) { | |
63 | warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (OK if respective .pod exists)\n" | |
64 | unless $Quiet; | |
65 | next; | |
66 | } | |
67 | my $title = <MOD>; | |
68 | chomp $title; | |
f556af6c NC |
69 | close MOD |
70 | or die "Error closing $filename: $!"; | |
1fa7ca25 | 71 | |
5b504182 | 72 | ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2; |
4e42dfb1 | 73 | |
5b504182 NC |
74 | unless ($name and $thing) { |
75 | warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name; | |
76 | warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing or $Quiet; | |
77 | next; | |
78 | } | |
79 | ||
80 | $name =~ s/[^A-Za-z0-9_:\$<>].*//; | |
81 | $name = $exceptions{$name} || $name; | |
82 | $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i; | |
83 | $thing = ucfirst $thing; | |
84 | $title = "=item $name\n\n$thing\n\n"; | |
85 | ||
86 | if ($name =~ /[A-Z]/) { | |
87 | push @mod, $title; | |
88 | } else { | |
89 | push @pragma, $title; | |
90 | } | |
2e1d04bc JH |
91 | } |
92 | ||
cf9cbb1f NC |
93 | # Much easier to special case it like this than special case the depending on |
94 | # and parsing lib/Config.pod, or special case opening configpm and finding its | |
95 | # =head1 (which is not found with the $/="" above) | |
d72ea276 | 96 | push @mod, "=item Config\n\nAccess Perl configuration information\n\n"; |
cf9cbb1f | 97 | |
cf9cbb1f | 98 | |
d72ea276 NC |
99 | # The intent of using =cut as the heredoc terminator is to make the whole file |
100 | # parse as (reasonably) sane Pod as-is to anything that attempts to | |
101 | # brute-force treat it as such. The content is already useful - this just | |
102 | # makes it tidier, by stopping anything doing this mistaking the rest of the | |
103 | # Perl code for Pod. eg http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perlmodlib.PL | |
cf9cbb1f | 104 | |
f556af6c | 105 | print $out <<'=cut'; |
2e1d04bc JH |
106 | =head1 NAME |
107 | ||
108 | perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones | |
109 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
110 | =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY |
111 | ||
7ef5744c | 112 | Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described |
2e1d04bc | 113 | below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library |
7ef5744c | 114 | files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be |
2e1d04bc JH |
115 | autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated |
116 | by the installation process. You may also discover files in the | |
117 | library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are | |
118 | old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still | |
119 | run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard | |
120 | modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up | |
121 | as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may | |
122 | already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.) | |
123 | The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion, | |
124 | but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof. | |
125 | ||
126 | =head2 Pragmatic Modules | |
127 | ||
128 | They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they | |
129 | tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually | |
130 | work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these | |
131 | are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them | |
132 | by saying: | |
133 | ||
134 | no integer; | |
135 | no strict 'refs'; | |
136 | no warnings; | |
137 | ||
138 | which lasts until the end of that BLOCK. | |
139 | ||
140 | Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the | |
141 | C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, | |
142 | like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a | |
143 | variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than | |
144 | just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file | |
145 | for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no | |
146 | vars> or C<no subs>. | |
147 | ||
148 | The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation). | |
149 | ||
150 | =over 12 | |
151 | ||
d72ea276 | 152 | =cut |
2e1d04bc | 153 | |
f556af6c | 154 | print $out $_ for sort @pragma; |
2e1d04bc | 155 | |
f556af6c | 156 | print $out <<'=cut'; |
d72ea276 | 157 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
158 | =back |
159 | ||
160 | =head2 Standard Modules | |
161 | ||
162 | Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined | |
163 | manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the | |
164 | Exporter module. See their own documentation for details. | |
165 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
166 | It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your |
167 | system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you | |
168 | don't have the gdbm library. | |
169 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
170 | =over 12 |
171 | ||
d72ea276 | 172 | =cut |
2e1d04bc | 173 | |
f556af6c | 174 | print $out $_ for sort @mod; |
2e1d04bc | 175 | |
f556af6c | 176 | print $out <<'=cut', "=cut\n"; |
d72ea276 | 177 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
178 | =back |
179 | ||
180 | To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including | |
181 | those without documentation or outside the standard release, | |
a4373870 CW |
182 | just use the following command (under the default win32 shell, |
183 | double quotes should be used instead of single quotes). | |
2e1d04bc | 184 | |
a4373870 CW |
185 | % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \ |
186 | 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ }, | |
187 | no_chdir => 1 }, @INC' | |
2e1d04bc | 188 | |
8518420c | 189 | (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) |
2e1d04bc JH |
190 | They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible |
191 | via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find> | |
192 | program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which | |
193 | generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you | |
194 | have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have | |
195 | to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no | |
196 | system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program. | |
197 | ||
8518420c RGS |
198 | Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly |
199 | incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on | |
200 | your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker | |
201 | install process.) | |
202 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
203 | =head2 Extension Modules |
204 | ||
205 | Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They | |
206 | are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, | |
da75cd15 | 207 | but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules |
2e1d04bc JH |
208 | include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX. |
209 | ||
210 | Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not | |
211 | completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time | |
212 | for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of | |
213 | platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to | |
214 | look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines | |
7ef5744c | 215 | like Alta Vista or Google. |
2e1d04bc JH |
216 | |
217 | =head1 CPAN | |
218 | ||
219 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally | |
220 | replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style | |
221 | guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and | |
222 | occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for | |
1577cd80 | 223 | CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/ |
2e1d04bc JH |
224 | |
225 | Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules, | |
226 | some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of | |
227 | modules are: | |
228 | ||
229 | =over | |
230 | ||
231 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 232 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
233 | Language Extensions and Documentation Tools |
234 | ||
235 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 236 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
237 | Development Support |
238 | ||
239 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 240 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
241 | Operating System Interfaces |
242 | ||
243 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 244 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
245 | Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication |
246 | ||
247 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 248 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
249 | Data Types and Data Type Utilities |
250 | ||
251 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 252 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
253 | Database Interfaces |
254 | ||
255 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 256 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
257 | User Interfaces |
258 | ||
259 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 260 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
261 | Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages |
262 | ||
263 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 264 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
265 | File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles) |
266 | ||
267 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 268 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
269 | String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching |
270 | ||
271 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 272 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
273 | Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing |
274 | ||
275 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 276 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
277 | Internationalization and Locale |
278 | ||
279 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 280 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
281 | Authentication, Security, and Encryption |
282 | ||
283 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 284 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
285 | World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME |
286 | ||
287 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 288 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
289 | Server and Daemon Utilities |
290 | ||
291 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 292 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
293 | Archiving and Compression |
294 | ||
295 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 296 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
297 | Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing |
298 | ||
299 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 300 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
301 | Mail and Usenet News |
302 | ||
303 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 304 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
305 | Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc) |
306 | ||
307 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 308 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
309 | File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities |
310 | ||
311 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 312 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
313 | Miscellaneous Modules |
314 | ||
315 | =back | |
316 | ||
9d169eb4 | 317 | The list of the registered CPAN sites follows. |
5df44211 JH |
318 | Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields: |
319 | ||
320 | Continent | |
321 | | | |
322 | |-->Country | |
323 | | | |
324 | |-->[state/province] | |
325 | | | |
326 | |-->ftp | |
327 | | | |
328 | |-->[http] | |
329 | ||
330 | and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the | |
331 | European and the South American sites. | |
332 | ||
9d169eb4 | 333 | Registered CPAN sites |
2e1d04bc | 334 | |
04b029fe LB |
335 | =for maintainers |
336 | Generated by Porting/make_modlib_cpan.pl | |
337 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
338 | =head2 Africa |
339 | ||
340 | =over 4 | |
341 | ||
5df44211 | 342 | =item South Africa |
4e860d0a | 343 | |
04b029fe LB |
344 | http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/ |
345 | ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
346 | http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/ |
347 | ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/ | |
348 | http://cpan.saix.net/ | |
04b029fe | 349 | ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
350 | http://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/ |
351 | ftp://ftp.wa.co.za/pub/CPAN/ | |
352 | ||
353 | =item Uganda | |
354 | ||
355 | http://mirror.ucu.ac.ug/cpan/ | |
356 | ||
357 | =item Zimbabwe | |
358 | ||
359 | http://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/ | |
360 | ftp://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
361 | |
362 | =back | |
363 | ||
364 | =head2 Asia | |
365 | ||
366 | =over 4 | |
367 | ||
9ed2d9d9 | 368 | =item Bangladesh |
04b029fe | 369 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
370 | http://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/ |
371 | ftp://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe | 372 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 373 | =item China |
4e860d0a | 374 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 375 | http://cpan.communilink.net/ |
04b029fe LB |
376 | http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ |
377 | ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
378 | http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/CPAN/ |
379 | http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/cpan/ | |
380 | http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CPAN/ | |
381 | http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/ | |
382 | http://mirrors.sohu.com/CPAN/ | |
383 | http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/ | |
384 | ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/ | |
385 | http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/ | |
386 | ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/ | |
387 | http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 388 | |
9d169eb4 | 389 | =item India |
c165c82a | 390 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 391 | http://cpan.excellmedia.net/ |
04b029fe | 392 | http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/ |
c165c82a | 393 | |
9d169eb4 | 394 | =item Indonesia |
c165c82a | 395 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 396 | http://kambing.ui.ac.id/cpan/ |
04b029fe | 397 | http://cpan.pesat.net.id/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
398 | http://mirror.poliwangi.ac.id/CPAN/ |
399 | http://kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id/CPAN/ | |
400 | http://mirror.wanxp.id/cpan/ | |
401 | ||
402 | =item Iran | |
403 | ||
404 | http://mirror.yazd.ac.ir/cpan/ | |
405 | ||
406 | =item Israel | |
407 | ||
408 | http://biocourse.weizmann.ac.il/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 409 | |
5df44211 | 410 | =item Japan |
c165c82a | 411 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
412 | http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ |
413 | ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
414 | http://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/ | |
415 | ftp://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe LB |
416 | ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/ |
417 | http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
418 | ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe LB |
419 | http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/ |
420 | ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 421 | ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ |
04b029fe LB |
422 | http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/ |
423 | ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 424 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
425 | =item Kazakhstan |
426 | ||
427 | http://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/ | |
428 | ftp://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/ | |
429 | ||
430 | =item Philippines | |
431 | ||
432 | http://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/ | |
433 | ftp://mirror.pregi.net/CPAN/ | |
434 | http://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/ | |
435 | ftp://mirror.rise.ph/cpan/ | |
436 | ||
437 | =item Qatar | |
438 | ||
439 | http://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/ | |
440 | ftp://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/ | |
441 | ||
9d169eb4 | 442 | =item Republic of Korea |
4e860d0a | 443 | |
04b029fe LB |
444 | http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/ |
445 | ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
446 | http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN/ |
447 | ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/CPAN/ | |
448 | http://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
449 | ftp://ftp.kr.freebsd.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
450 | http://mirror.navercorp.com/CPAN/ | |
451 | http://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/ | |
452 | ftp://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 453 | |
5df44211 | 454 | =item Singapore |
4e860d0a | 455 | |
04b029fe | 456 | http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
457 | http://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/ |
458 | ftp://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 459 | |
5df44211 | 460 | =item Taiwan |
4e860d0a | 461 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
462 | http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/ |
463 | ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/ | |
464 | http://cpan.stu.edu.tw/ | |
465 | ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN/ | |
466 | http://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/ | |
467 | ftp://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe LB |
468 | http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/ |
469 | ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
470 | http://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/ |
471 | ftp://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/mirror/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
472 | |
473 | =item Turkey | |
474 | ||
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
475 | http://cpan.ulak.net.tr/ |
476 | ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
477 | http://mirror.vit.com.tr/mirror/CPAN/ | |
478 | ftp://mirror.vit.com.tr/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 479 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 480 | =item Viet Nam |
4e860d0a | 481 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
482 | http://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/ |
483 | http://mirror.downloadvn.com/cpan/ | |
484 | http://mirrors.vinahost.vn/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
485 | |
486 | =back | |
487 | ||
488 | =head2 Europe | |
489 | ||
490 | =over 4 | |
491 | ||
5df44211 | 492 | =item Austria |
4e860d0a | 493 | |
04b029fe | 494 | http://cpan.inode.at/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
495 | ftp://cpan.inode.at/ |
496 | http://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/ | |
497 | ftp://mirror.easyname.at/cpan/ | |
04b029fe LB |
498 | http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
499 | ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 500 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
501 | =item Belarus |
502 | ||
503 | http://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/ | |
504 | ftp://ftp.byfly.by/pub/CPAN/ | |
505 | http://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/ | |
506 | ftp://mirror.datacenter.by/pub/CPAN/ | |
507 | ||
5df44211 | 508 | =item Belgium |
4e860d0a | 509 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 510 | http://ftp.belnet.be/ftp.cpan.org/ |
04b029fe | 511 | ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
512 | http://cpan.cu.be/ |
513 | http://lib.ugent.be/CPAN/ | |
514 | http://cpan.weepeetelecom.be/ | |
4e860d0a | 515 | |
7a142657 JH |
516 | =item Bosnia and Herzegovina |
517 | ||
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
518 | http://cpan.mirror.ba/ |
519 | ftp://ftp.mirror.ba/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 520 | |
5df44211 | 521 | =item Bulgaria |
4e860d0a | 522 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
523 | http://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/ |
524 | ftp://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/ | |
525 | http://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/ | |
526 | ftp://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 527 | |
5df44211 | 528 | =item Croatia |
4e860d0a | 529 | |
04b029fe LB |
530 | http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/ |
531 | ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 532 | |
5df44211 | 533 | =item Czech Republic |
4e860d0a | 534 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
535 | http://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/ |
536 | ftp://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/ | |
04b029fe | 537 | ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
538 | http://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/ |
539 | ftp://mirrors.nic.cz/pub/CPAN/ | |
540 | http://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/ | |
541 | ftp://mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 542 | |
5df44211 | 543 | =item Denmark |
4e860d0a | 544 | |
04b029fe | 545 | http://www.cpan.dk/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
546 | http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/ |
547 | ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 548 | |
5df44211 | 549 | =item Finland |
4e860d0a | 550 | |
04b029fe | 551 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 552 | |
5df44211 | 553 | =item France |
c165c82a | 554 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
555 | http://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/ |
556 | ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/ | |
04b029fe LB |
557 | http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ |
558 | ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 559 | http://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 560 | ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 | 561 | http://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 562 | ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
563 | http://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/ |
564 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
565 | http://cpan.enstimac.fr/ | |
c165c82a | 566 | |
5df44211 | 567 | =item Germany |
c165c82a | 568 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
569 | http://mirror.23media.de/cpan/ |
570 | ftp://mirror.23media.de/cpan/ | |
571 | http://artfiles.org/cpan.org/ | |
572 | ftp://artfiles.org/cpan.org/ | |
573 | http://mirror.bibleonline.ru/cpan/ | |
574 | http://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/ | |
575 | ftp://mirror.checkdomain.de/CPAN/ | |
576 | http://cpan.noris.de/ | |
577 | http://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
578 | ftp://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
579 | http://cpan.mirror.euserv.net/ | |
580 | ftp://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/ | |
581 | http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/ | |
582 | ftp://mirror.fraunhofer.de/CPAN/ | |
583 | ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe LB |
584 | http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/ |
585 | ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 586 | ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/ |
04b029fe LB |
587 | http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
588 | ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
589 | http://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/ |
590 | ftp://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe LB |
591 | http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/ |
592 | ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
593 | ftp://ftp.mpi-inf.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
594 | http://cpan.netbet.org/ | |
595 | http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
596 | ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
04b029fe | 597 | ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
598 | http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/ |
599 | http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/ | |
600 | ftp://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/ | |
601 | http://mirror.softaculous.com/cpan/ | |
602 | http://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/ | |
603 | ftp://ftp.u-tx.net/CPAN/ | |
604 | http://mirror.reismil.ch/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 605 | |
5df44211 | 606 | =item Greece |
4e860d0a | 607 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 608 | http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 609 | ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
610 | http://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ |
611 | ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ | |
4e860d0a | 612 | |
5df44211 | 613 | =item Hungary |
4e860d0a | 614 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 615 | http://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 616 | |
5df44211 | 617 | =item Ireland |
4e860d0a | 618 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
619 | http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/ |
620 | ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 621 | |
5df44211 | 622 | =item Italy |
4e860d0a | 623 | |
04b029fe | 624 | http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 | 625 | ftp://ftp.eutelia.it/CPAN_Mirror/ |
04b029fe LB |
626 | http://cpan.panu.it/ |
627 | ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 628 | http://cpan.muzzy.it/ |
4e860d0a | 629 | |
5df44211 | 630 | =item Latvia |
4e860d0a | 631 | |
04b029fe | 632 | http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 633 | |
5df44211 | 634 | =item Lithuania |
4e860d0a | 635 | |
04b029fe LB |
636 | http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/ |
637 | ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 | 638 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 639 | =item Moldova |
9d169eb4 | 640 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
641 | http://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/ |
642 | ftp://mirror.as43289.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 643 | |
5df44211 | 644 | =item Netherlands |
4e860d0a | 645 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
646 | http://cpan.cs.uu.nl/ |
647 | ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/pub/CPAN/ | |
648 | http://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
649 | ftp://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
650 | http://ftp.nluug.nl/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
651 | ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
652 | http://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/ | |
653 | ftp://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/ | |
654 | http://cpan.mirror.triple-it.nl/ | |
655 | http://ftp.tudelft.nl/cpan/ | |
656 | ftp://ftp.tudelft.nl/pub/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe | 657 | ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 658 | |
5df44211 JH |
659 | =item Norway |
660 | ||
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
661 | http://cpan.uib.no/ |
662 | ftp://cpan.uib.no/pub/CPAN/ | |
663 | ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
664 | http://cpan.vianett.no/ | |
5df44211 JH |
665 | |
666 | =item Poland | |
667 | ||
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
668 | http://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/ |
669 | ftp://ftp.agh.edu.pl/CPAN/ | |
670 | http://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe | 671 | ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 672 | ftp://ftp.ps.pl/pub/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 | 673 | http://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 674 | ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
675 | |
676 | =item Portugal | |
677 | ||
04b029fe | 678 | http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
679 | http://mirrors.fe.up.pt/pub/CPAN/ |
680 | http://cpan.perl-hackers.net/ | |
681 | http://cpan.perl.pt/ | |
4e860d0a | 682 | |
5df44211 | 683 | =item Romania |
4e860d0a | 684 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
685 | http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/cpan.org/ |
686 | ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN/ | |
687 | http://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/ | |
688 | http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/ | |
689 | http://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/ | |
690 | ftp://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe | 691 | http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 692 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 693 | =item Russian Federation |
4e860d0a | 694 | |
04b029fe LB |
695 | ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/ |
696 | http://cpan.rinet.ru/ | |
697 | ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 698 | http://cpan-mirror.rbc.ru/pub/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 699 | http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
700 | http://cpan.uni-altai.ru/ |
701 | http://cpan.webdesk.ru/ | |
702 | ftp://cpan.webdesk.ru/cpan/ | |
703 | http://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/ | |
704 | ftp://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/ | |
705 | ||
706 | =item Serbia | |
707 | ||
708 | http://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/ | |
709 | ftp://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 710 | |
5df44211 | 711 | =item Slovakia |
4e860d0a | 712 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
713 | http://cpan.lnx.sk/ |
714 | http://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/ | |
715 | ftp://tux.rainside.sk/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 716 | |
5df44211 | 717 | =item Slovenia |
4e860d0a | 718 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
719 | http://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ |
720 | ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 721 | |
5df44211 | 722 | =item Spain |
4e860d0a | 723 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 724 | http://mirrors.evowise.com/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 725 | http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 | 726 | http://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 727 | ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 728 | |
5df44211 | 729 | =item Sweden |
4e860d0a | 730 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
731 | http://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/ |
732 | ftp://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 733 | |
5df44211 | 734 | =item Switzerland |
4e860d0a | 735 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 736 | http://www.pirbot.com/mirrors/cpan/ |
04b029fe LB |
737 | http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/ |
738 | ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 739 | |
5df44211 | 740 | =item Ukraine |
c165c82a | 741 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
742 | http://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/ |
743 | ftp://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/mirror/cpan/ | |
c165c82a | 744 | |
5df44211 | 745 | =item United Kingdom |
d4858812 | 746 | |
04b029fe LB |
747 | http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/ |
748 | ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/ | |
749 | http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/ | |
750 | ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 751 | http://mirrors.coreix.net/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 752 | http://cpan.etla.org/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
753 | ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN/ |
754 | http://cpan.cpantesters.org/ | |
755 | http://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe | 756 | http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
757 | http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/ |
758 | ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/ | |
759 | http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/ | |
760 | ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/ | |
04b029fe LB |
761 | http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/ |
762 | ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
763 | http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/ | |
764 | ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 765 | http://mirror.ukhost4u.com/CPAN/ |
d4858812 | 766 | |
4e860d0a JH |
767 | =back |
768 | ||
769 | =head2 North America | |
770 | ||
771 | =over 4 | |
772 | ||
9d169eb4 | 773 | =item Canada |
4e860d0a | 774 | |
04b029fe LB |
775 | http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/ |
776 | ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
777 | http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/ |
778 | ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/ | |
779 | http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN/ | |
780 | http://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/ | |
781 | ftp://mirror.its.dal.ca/cpan/ | |
782 | ftp://ftp.ottix.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
783 | ||
784 | =item Costa Rica | |
785 | ||
786 | http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 787 | |
5df44211 | 788 | =item Mexico |
c165c82a | 789 | |
04b029fe LB |
790 | http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/ |
791 | ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 792 | |
5c5c2539 | 793 | =item United States |
d4858812 | 794 | |
7a142657 | 795 | =over 8 |
4e860d0a | 796 | |
5df44211 | 797 | =item Alabama |
4e860d0a | 798 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 799 | http://mirror.teklinks.com/CPAN/ |
04b029fe LB |
800 | |
801 | =item Arizona | |
802 | ||
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
803 | http://mirror.n5tech.com/CPAN/ |
804 | http://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/ | |
805 | ftp://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 806 | |
5df44211 | 807 | =item California |
4e860d0a | 808 | |
04b029fe | 809 | http://cpan.develooper.com/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
810 | http://httpupdate127.cpanel.net/CPAN/ |
811 | http://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/ | |
812 | ftp://mirrors.sonic.net/cpan/ | |
04b029fe | 813 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 | 814 | http://cpan.yimg.com/ |
4e860d0a | 815 | |
9d169eb4 | 816 | =item Idaho |
4e860d0a | 817 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
818 | http://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/ |
819 | ftp://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 820 | |
9d169eb4 | 821 | =item Illinois |
c165c82a | 822 | |
04b029fe | 823 | http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
824 | http://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/ |
825 | ftp://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 826 | |
5df44211 | 827 | =item Indiana |
4e860d0a | 828 | |
04b029fe LB |
829 | http://cpan.netnitco.net/ |
830 | ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
831 | ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
832 | ||
833 | =item Kansas | |
834 | ||
835 | http://mirrors.concertpass.com/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 836 | |
5df44211 | 837 | =item Massachusetts |
4e860d0a | 838 | |
04b029fe | 839 | http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 840 | |
5df44211 | 841 | =item Michigan |
4e860d0a | 842 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
843 | http://cpan.cse.msu.edu/ |
844 | ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/ | |
845 | http://httpupdate118.cpanel.net/CPAN/ | |
846 | http://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/cpan/ | |
847 | http://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/ | |
848 | ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 849 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 850 | =item New Hampshire |
5c5c2539 | 851 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 852 | http://mirror.metrocast.net/cpan/ |
5c5c2539 | 853 | |
5df44211 | 854 | =item New Jersey |
4e860d0a | 855 | |
04b029fe LB |
856 | http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/ |
857 | ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
858 | http://www.hoovism.com/CPAN/ |
859 | ftp://ftp.hoovism.com/CPAN/ | |
860 | http://cpan.mirror.nac.net/ | |
4e860d0a | 861 | |
5df44211 | 862 | =item New York |
4e860d0a | 863 | |
04b029fe LB |
864 | http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/ |
865 | ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/ | |
866 | http://cpan.belfry.net/ | |
867 | http://cpan.erlbaum.net/ | |
868 | ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/ | |
869 | http://cpan.hexten.net/ | |
870 | ftp://cpan.hexten.net/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
871 | http://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/ |
872 | ftp://mirror.nyi.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
873 | http://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/ | |
874 | ftp://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/ | |
875 | http://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/ | |
876 | ftp://mirrors.rit.edu/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 877 | |
5df44211 | 878 | =item North Carolina |
4e860d0a | 879 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
880 | http://httpupdate140.cpanel.net/CPAN/ |
881 | http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 882 | |
5df44211 | 883 | =item Oregon |
4e860d0a | 884 | |
04b029fe LB |
885 | http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/ |
886 | ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 887 | http://mirror.uoregon.edu/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 888 | |
5df44211 | 889 | =item Pennsylvania |
4e860d0a | 890 | |
04b029fe LB |
891 | http://cpan.pair.com/ |
892 | ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 | 893 | http://cpan.mirrors.ionfish.org/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
894 | |
895 | =item South Carolina | |
896 | ||
04b029fe | 897 | http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/ |
4e860d0a | 898 | |
5df44211 | 899 | =item Texas |
4e860d0a | 900 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 901 | http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 902 | |
5df44211 | 903 | =item Utah |
4e860d0a | 904 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
905 | http://cpan.cs.utah.edu/ |
906 | ftp://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/ | |
04b029fe | 907 | ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 908 | |
5df44211 | 909 | =item Virginia |
4e860d0a | 910 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 911 | http://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/ |
04b029fe | 912 | ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
913 | http://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
914 | ftp://mirror.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
915 | http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
916 | ftp://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 917 | |
5c5c2539 | 918 | =item Washington |
4e860d0a | 919 | |
04b029fe LB |
920 | http://cpan.llarian.net/ |
921 | ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
d4858812 | 922 | |
5df44211 | 923 | =item Wisconsin |
d4858812 | 924 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
925 | http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/ |
926 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
927 | |
928 | =back | |
929 | ||
5c5c2539 JH |
930 | =back |
931 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
932 | =head2 Oceania |
933 | ||
934 | =over 4 | |
935 | ||
5df44211 | 936 | =item Australia |
4e860d0a | 937 | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
938 | http://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/ |
939 | ftp://mirror.as24220.net/pub/cpan/ | |
940 | http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au/ | |
941 | http://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/ | |
04b029fe | 942 | ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
943 | http://mirror.optusnet.com.au/CPAN/ |
944 | http://cpan.mirror.serversaustralia.com.au/ | |
945 | http://cpan.uberglobalmirror.com/ | |
946 | http://mirror.waia.asn.au/pub/cpan/ | |
947 | ||
948 | =item New Caledonia | |
949 | ||
950 | http://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/ | |
951 | ftp://cpan.lagoon.nc/pub/CPAN/ | |
952 | http://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/ | |
953 | ftp://cpan.nautile.nc/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 954 | |
5df44211 | 955 | =item New Zealand |
d4858812 | 956 | |
04b029fe | 957 | ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
04b029fe LB |
958 | http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/ |
959 | ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/ | |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
960 | http://cpan.inspire.net.nz/ |
961 | ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan/ | |
962 | http://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/ | |
963 | ftp://mirror.webtastix.net/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
964 | |
965 | =back | |
966 | ||
967 | =head2 South America | |
968 | ||
969 | =over 4 | |
970 | ||
5df44211 | 971 | =item Argentina |
4e860d0a | 972 | |
9ed2d9d9 | 973 | http://cpan.mmgdesigns.com.ar/ |
4e860d0a | 974 | |
5df44211 | 975 | =item Brazil |
4e860d0a | 976 | |
04b029fe | 977 | http://cpan.kinghost.net/ |
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
978 | http://linorg.usp.br/CPAN/ |
979 | http://mirror.nbtelecom.com.br/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 980 | |
5df44211 | 981 | =item Chile |
4e860d0a | 982 | |
04b029fe LB |
983 | http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/ |
984 | ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/ | |
9d169eb4 | 985 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
986 | =back |
987 | ||
5df44211 JH |
988 | =head2 RSYNC Mirrors |
989 | ||
9ed2d9d9 CBW |
990 | rsync://ftp.is.co.za/IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/ |
991 | rsync://mirror.ac.za/CPAN/ | |
992 | rsync://mirror.zol.co.zw/CPAN/ | |
993 | rsync://mirror.dhakacom.com/CPAN/ | |
994 | rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/ | |
995 | rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/CPAN/ | |
996 | rsync://kambing.ui.ac.id/CPAN/ | |
997 | rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
998 | rsync://mirror.jre655.com/CPAN/ | |
999 | rsync://ftp.kddilabs.jp/cpan/ | |
1000 | rsync://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/cpan/ | |
1001 | rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/ | |
1002 | rsync://mirror.neolabs.kz/CPAN/ | |
1003 | rsync://mirror.qnren.qa/CPAN/ | |
1004 | rsync://ftp.neowiz.com/CPAN/ | |
1005 | rsync://mirror.0x.sg/CPAN/ | |
1006 | rsync://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ | |
1007 | rsync://ftp.ubuntu-tw.org/CPAN/ | |
1008 | rsync://mirrors.digipower.vn/CPAN/ | |
1009 | rsync://cpan.inode.at/CPAN/ | |
1010 | rsync://ftp.byfly.by/CPAN/ | |
1011 | rsync://mirror.datacenter.by/CPAN/ | |
1012 | rsync://ftp.belnet.be/cpan/ | |
1013 | rsync://cpan.mirror.ba/CPAN/ | |
1014 | rsync://mirrors.neterra.net/CPAN/ | |
1015 | rsync://mirrors.netix.net/CPAN/ | |
1016 | rsync://mirror.dkm.cz/cpan/ | |
1017 | rsync://mirrors.nic.cz/CPAN/ | |
1018 | rsync://cpan.mirror.vutbr.cz/cpan/ | |
1019 | rsync://rsync.nic.funet.fi/CPAN/ | |
1020 | rsync://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/cpan/ | |
1021 | rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ | |
1022 | rsync://cpan.mirrors.ovh.net/CPAN/ | |
1023 | rsync://mirror.de.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
1024 | rsync://mirror.euserv.net/cpan/ | |
1025 | rsync://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/CPAN/ | |
1026 | rsync://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1027 | rsync://ftp.hawo.stw.uni-erlangen.de/CPAN/ | |
1028 | rsync://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/CPAN/ | |
1029 | rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
1030 | rsync://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/cpan/ | |
1031 | rsync://ftp.ntua.gr/CPAN/ | |
1032 | rsync://mirror.met.hu/CPAN/ | |
1033 | rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
1034 | rsync://rsync.panu.it/CPAN/ | |
1035 | rsync://mirror.as43289.net/CPAN/ | |
1036 | rsync://rsync.cs.uu.nl/CPAN/ | |
1037 | rsync://mirror.nl.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
1038 | rsync://ftp.nluug.nl/CPAN/ | |
1039 | rsync://mirror.transip.net/CPAN/ | |
1040 | rsync://cpan.uib.no/cpan/ | |
1041 | rsync://cpan.vianett.no/CPAN/ | |
1042 | rsync://cpan.perl-hackers.net/CPAN/ | |
1043 | rsync://cpan.perl.pt/cpan/ | |
1044 | rsync://mirrors.m247.ro/CPAN/ | |
1045 | rsync://mirrors.teentelecom.net/CPAN/ | |
1046 | rsync://cpan.webdesk.ru/CPAN/ | |
1047 | rsync://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/cpan/ | |
1048 | rsync://mirror.sbb.rs/CPAN/ | |
1049 | rsync://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1050 | rsync://rsync.pirbot.com/ftp/cpan/ | |
1051 | rsync://cpan.ip-connect.vn.ua/CPAN/ | |
1052 | rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/ | |
1053 | rsync://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/ | |
1054 | rsync://mirror.sax.uk.as61049.net/CPAN/ | |
1055 | rsync://rsync.mirrorservice.org/cpan.perl.org/CPAN/ | |
1056 | rsync://ftp.ticklers.org/CPAN/ | |
1057 | rsync://mirrors.uk2.net/CPAN/ | |
1058 | rsync://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/CPAN/ | |
1059 | rsync://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/CPAN/ | |
1060 | rsync://mirrors.namecheap.com/CPAN/ | |
1061 | rsync://mirrors.syringanetworks.net/CPAN/ | |
1062 | rsync://mirror.team-cymru.org/CPAN/ | |
1063 | rsync://debian.cse.msu.edu/cpan/ | |
1064 | rsync://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/mirrors/cpan/ | |
1065 | rsync://rsync.hoovism.com/CPAN/ | |
1066 | rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/cpan/ | |
1067 | rsync://noodle.portalus.net/CPAN/ | |
1068 | rsync://mirrors.rit.edu/cpan/ | |
1069 | rsync://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CPAN/ | |
1070 | rsync://cpan.pair.com/CPAN/ | |
1071 | rsync://cpan.cs.utah.edu/CPAN/ | |
1072 | rsync://mirror.cogentco.com/CPAN/ | |
1073 | rsync://mirror.jmu.edu/CPAN/ | |
1074 | rsync://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/CPAN/ | |
1075 | rsync://cpan.mirror.digitalpacific.com.au/cpan/ | |
1076 | rsync://mirror.internode.on.net/cpan/ | |
1077 | rsync://uberglobalmirror.com/cpan/ | |
1078 | rsync://cpan.lagoon.nc/cpan/ | |
1079 | rsync://mirrors.mmgdesigns.com.ar/CPAN/ | |
1080 | ||
5df44211 | 1081 | |
2e1d04bc | 1082 | For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, |
9ed2d9d9 | 1083 | see L<http://www.cpan.org/SITES> or L<ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES>. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1084 | |
1085 | =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse | |
1086 | ||
1087 | (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules | |
1088 | file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) | |
1089 | ||
1090 | Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a | |
1091 | package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a | |
1092 | namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be | |
1093 | used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its | |
1094 | first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), | |
1095 | or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). | |
1096 | ||
1097 | A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same | |
1098 | name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be | |
1099 | called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of | |
1100 | its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be | |
1101 | totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module | |
1102 | might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on | |
1103 | demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to | |
82e1c0d9 | 1104 | exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perlobj>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about |
2e1d04bc JH |
1105 | the AUTOLOAD mechanism. |
1106 | ||
1107 | =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation | |
1108 | ||
1109 | =over 4 | |
1110 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1111 | =item * |
1112 | ||
1113 | Do similar modules already exist in some form? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1114 | |
1115 | If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or | |
1116 | by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not | |
1117 | practical try to get together with the module authors to work on | |
1118 | extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. | |
1119 | A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing | |
1120 | with command line options. | |
1121 | ||
1122 | If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of | |
1123 | modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It | |
1124 | helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction | |
1125 | scheme as the original author. | |
1126 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1127 | =item * |
1128 | ||
1129 | Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1130 | |
1131 | Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>). | |
1132 | Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks | |
1133 | of code that need less warnings. | |
1134 | ||
1135 | Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless | |
1136 | into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, | |
1137 | e.g.,: | |
1138 | ||
1139 | sub new { | |
1140 | my $class = shift; | |
1141 | return bless {}, $class; | |
1142 | } | |
1143 | ||
1144 | or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static | |
1145 | or a virtual method. | |
1146 | ||
1147 | sub new { | |
1148 | my $self = shift; | |
1149 | my $class = ref($self) || $self; | |
1150 | return bless {}, $class; | |
1151 | } | |
1152 | ||
1153 | Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later | |
1154 | (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where | |
1155 | appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones. | |
1156 | Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate. | |
1157 | ||
1158 | Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>. | |
1159 | Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all. | |
1160 | Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired | |
1161 | class names as far as possible. | |
1162 | ||
1163 | Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and | |
82e1c0d9 | 1164 | C<< $r->func() >> would work. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1165 | |
1166 | Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a | |
1167 | burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to | |
1168 | the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying: | |
1169 | ||
1170 | eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller(); | |
1171 | ||
1172 | Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say | |
1173 | C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able | |
1174 | to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example, | |
63acfd00 | 1175 | does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >> |
1176 | into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1177 | |
1178 | Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it | |
1179 | difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state | |
1180 | information in objects. | |
1181 | ||
1182 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1183 | ||
1184 | Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>). | |
1185 | Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks | |
1186 | of code that need less strictness. | |
1187 | ||
1188 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1189 | ||
ba555bf5 | 1190 | Follow the guidelines in L<perlstyle>. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1191 | |
1192 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1193 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1194 | =item * |
1195 | ||
1196 | Some simple style guidelines | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1197 | |
1198 | The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points. | |
1199 | ||
1200 | Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their | |
1201 | style over several years as they learn what helps them write and | |
1202 | maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that | |
1203 | seem to be widely used by experienced developers: | |
1204 | ||
1205 | Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read | |
1206 | $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for | |
1207 | non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works | |
1208 | consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS. | |
1209 | ||
1210 | Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally | |
1211 | reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer | |
1212 | and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and | |
1213 | use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable). | |
1214 | ||
1215 | You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope | |
1216 | or nature of a variable. For example: | |
1217 | ||
1218 | $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars) | |
1219 | $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static | |
1220 | $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables | |
1221 | ||
1222 | Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. | |
1223 | e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>. | |
1224 | ||
1225 | You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or | |
1226 | function should not be used outside the package that defined it. | |
1227 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1228 | =item * |
1229 | ||
1230 | Select what to export. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1231 | |
1232 | Do NOT export method names! | |
1233 | ||
1234 | Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason! | |
1235 | ||
1236 | Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must | |
1237 | export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid | |
1238 | short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes. | |
1239 | ||
1240 | Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the | |
1241 | module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>) | |
1242 | syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to | |
1243 | indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use. | |
1244 | ||
1245 | (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: | |
1246 | C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that | |
1247 | directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol | |
1248 | table.) | |
1249 | ||
1250 | As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented | |
1251 | then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then | |
1252 | @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution. | |
1253 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1254 | =item * |
1255 | ||
1256 | Select a name for the module. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1257 | |
1258 | This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as | |
1259 | possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or | |
1260 | more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special | |
1261 | about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use | |
1262 | nested module names to group informally or categorize a module. | |
1263 | There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name. | |
1264 | Module names should begin with a capital letter. | |
1265 | ||
1266 | Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone | |
1267 | (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-). | |
1268 | Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1269 | |
1270 | If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good | |
1271 | practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will | |
1272 | avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View, | |
1273 | Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide. | |
1274 | ||
1275 | If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's | |
1276 | standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in | |
1277 | those modules. | |
1278 | ||
4844a3be SP |
1279 | If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, |
1280 | that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure | |
1281 | that their names will not clash with any future public module. You | |
1282 | can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by | |
1283 | using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*. | |
1284 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1285 | To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to |
1286 | 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is | |
1287 | unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier. | |
1288 | ||
f94c6c53 JK |
1289 | For additional guidance on the naming of modules, please consult: |
1290 | ||
1291 | http://pause.perl.org/pause/query?ACTION=pause_namingmodules | |
1292 | ||
1293 | or send mail to the <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list. | |
1294 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1295 | =item * |
1296 | ||
1297 | Have you got it right? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1298 | |
1299 | How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you | |
1300 | picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have | |
1301 | you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions? | |
1302 | ||
1303 | The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions, | |
f94c6c53 JK |
1304 | is to ask someone who knows. The <module-authors@perl.org> mailing list |
1305 | is useful for this purpose; it's also accessible via news interface as | |
1306 | perl.module-authors at nntp.perl.org. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1307 | |
1308 | All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its | |
1309 | purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is | |
1310 | probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored | |
1311 | by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!) | |
1312 | ||
1313 | Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be | |
1314 | ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting | |
1315 | others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you! | |
1316 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1317 | =item * |
1318 | ||
1319 | README and other Additional Files. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1320 | |
1321 | It's well known that software developers usually fully document the | |
1322 | software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of | |
1323 | your software and there is not enough time to write the full | |
1324 | documentation please at least provide a README file containing: | |
1325 | ||
1326 | =over 10 | |
1327 | ||
1328 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1329 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1330 | A description of the module/package/extension etc. |
1331 | ||
1332 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1333 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1334 | A copyright notice - see below. |
1335 | ||
1336 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1337 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1338 | Prerequisites - what else you may need to have. |
1339 | ||
1340 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1341 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1342 | How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc. |
1343 | ||
1344 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1345 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1346 | How to install it. |
1347 | ||
1348 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1349 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1350 | Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities |
1351 | ||
1352 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1353 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1354 | Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future. |
1355 | ||
1356 | =back | |
1357 | ||
1358 | If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to | |
1359 | split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL, | |
1360 | Copying, ToDo etc. | |
1361 | ||
1362 | =over 4 | |
1363 | ||
c165c82a | 1364 | =item * |
2e1d04bc | 1365 | |
c165c82a | 1366 | Adding a Copyright Notice. |
ac634a9a | 1367 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1368 | How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. |
1369 | The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make | |
1370 | a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work. | |
1371 | ||
2a551100 JH |
1372 | Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL |
1373 | and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic, | |
1374 | or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT | |
1375 | just using the GNU GPL. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1376 | |
1377 | My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the | |
1378 | Perl community at large is to state something simply like: | |
1379 | ||
1380 | Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved. | |
1381 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
1382 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. | |
1383 | ||
1384 | This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may | |
1385 | also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files. | |
1386 | Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright. | |
1387 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1388 | =item * |
1389 | ||
1390 | Give the module a version/issue/release number. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1391 | |
1392 | To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you | |
1393 | should store your module's version number in a non-my package | |
f39335f9 | 1394 | variable called $VERSION. This should be a positive floating point |
2e1d04bc JH |
1395 | number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths, |
1396 | e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version. | |
1397 | See L<Exporter> for details. | |
1398 | ||
1399 | It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number. | |
1400 | Use the number in announcements and archive file names when | |
1401 | releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). | |
1402 | See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details. | |
1403 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1404 | =item * |
1405 | ||
1406 | How to release and distribute a module. | |
2e1d04bc | 1407 | |
32356571 DC |
1408 | If possible, register the module with CPAN. Follow the instructions |
1409 | and links on: | |
2e1d04bc | 1410 | |
4e860d0a | 1411 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html |
2e1d04bc | 1412 | |
32356571 | 1413 | and upload to: |
2e1d04bc | 1414 | |
e59066d8 | 1415 | http://pause.perl.org/ |
2e1d04bc | 1416 | |
32356571 DC |
1417 | and notify <modules@perl.org>. This will allow anyone to install |
1418 | your module using the C<cpan> tool distributed with Perl. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1419 | |
1420 | By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror | |
1421 | your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on | |
1422 | CPAN! | |
1423 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1424 | =item * |
1425 | ||
1426 | Take care when changing a released module. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1427 | |
1428 | Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. | |
1429 | Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the | |
1430 | old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes. | |
1431 | ||
1432 | =back | |
1433 | ||
abf06cc1 MS |
1434 | =back |
1435 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1436 | =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules |
1437 | ||
1438 | =over 4 | |
1439 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1440 | =item * |
1441 | ||
1442 | There is no requirement to convert anything. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1443 | |
1444 | If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should | |
1445 | continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor | |
1446 | changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but | |
1447 | there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that. | |
1448 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1449 | =item * |
1450 | ||
1451 | Consider the implications. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1452 | |
1453 | All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to | |
1454 | be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is | |
1455 | it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time? | |
1456 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1457 | =item * |
1458 | ||
1459 | Make the most of the opportunity. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1460 | |
1461 | If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the | |
1462 | opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module | |
1463 | creation above include many of the issues you should consider. | |
1464 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1465 | =item * |
1466 | ||
1467 | The pl2pm utility will get you started. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1468 | |
1469 | This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write | |
1470 | corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: | |
1471 | ||
1472 | =over 10 | |
1473 | ||
1474 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1475 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1476 | Adds the standard Module prologue lines |
1477 | ||
1478 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1479 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1480 | Converts package specifiers from ' to :: |
1481 | ||
1482 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1483 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1484 | Converts die(...) to croak(...) |
1485 | ||
1486 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1487 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1488 | Several other minor changes |
1489 | ||
1490 | =back | |
1491 | ||
1492 | Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted | |
1493 | code will need careful checking, especially any package statements. | |
1494 | Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works! | |
1495 | ||
1496 | =back | |
1497 | ||
1498 | =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code | |
1499 | ||
1500 | =over 4 | |
1501 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1502 | =item * |
1503 | ||
1504 | Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. | |
1505 | ||
1506 | =item * | |
2e1d04bc | 1507 | |
ac634a9a | 1508 | Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1509 | |
1510 | Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy | |
1511 | to reuse. | |
1512 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1513 | =item * |
1514 | ||
1515 | Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. | |
1516 | ||
1517 | =item * | |
1518 | ||
1519 | Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. | |
2e1d04bc | 1520 | |
ac634a9a | 1521 | =item * |
2e1d04bc | 1522 | |
ac634a9a | 1523 | In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small |
2e1d04bc JH |
1524 | |
1525 | fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases | |
1526 | the application could invoked as: | |
1527 | ||
1528 | % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ... | |
1529 | or | |
1530 | % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher) | |
1531 | ||
1532 | =back | |
1533 | ||
1534 | =head1 NOTE | |
1535 | ||
1536 | Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may | |
1537 | have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl | |
1538 | doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer | |
1539 | that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not | |
1540 | because it has a shotgun. | |
1541 | ||
1542 | The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law, | |
1543 | and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is | |
1544 | that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The | |
1545 | written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other | |
1546 | provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that | |
1547 | you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences. | |
d72ea276 NC |
1548 | |
1549 | =cut | |
2e1d04bc | 1550 | |
f556af6c | 1551 | read_only_bottom_close_and_rename($out); |