Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
2e1d04bc JH |
1 | #!../miniperl |
2 | ||
5b504182 NC |
3 | use strict; |
4 | use warnings; | |
5 | ||
1fa7ca25 JH |
6 | $ENV{LC_ALL} = 'C'; |
7 | ||
291c64f4 NC |
8 | use FindBin; |
9 | chdir $FindBin::Bin or die "$0: Can't chdir $FindBin::Bin: $!"; | |
10 | ||
11 | my $Quiet = @ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq '-q'; | |
12 | ||
b7da254d | 13 | open (OUT, ">perlmodlib.pod") or die $!; |
cf9cbb1f | 14 | my (@pragma, @mod, @files); |
4d671226 | 15 | |
291c64f4 NC |
16 | # MANIFEST itself is Unix style filenames, so we have to assume that Unix style |
17 | # filenames will work. | |
18 | ||
2e1d04bc | 19 | open (MANIFEST, "../MANIFEST") or die $!; |
cf9cbb1f | 20 | @files = grep m#(?:\.pm|\.pod|_pm\.PL)#, map {s/\s.*//s; $_} |
955fcc32 | 21 | grep { m#^(lib|ext|dist|cpan)/# && !m#/(?:t|demo)/# } <MANIFEST>; |
cf9cbb1f NC |
22 | |
23 | my %exceptions = ( | |
24 | 'abbrev' => 'Text::Abbrev', | |
25 | 'carp' => 'Carp', | |
26 | 'getopt' => 'Getopt::Std', | |
27 | 'B<CGI::Carp>' => 'CGI::Carp', | |
28 | 'ModuleInfo' => 'Module::Build::ModuleInfo', | |
29 | '$notes_name' => 'Module::Build::Notes', | |
30 | 'Encode::MIME::NAME' => 'Encode::MIME::Name', | |
31 | 'libnetFAQ' => 'Net::libnetFAQ', | |
4e42dfb1 JB |
32 | ); |
33 | ||
cf9cbb1f | 34 | for my $filename (@files) { |
e8041d9b NC |
35 | unless (open MOD, '<', "../$filename") { |
36 | warn "Couldn't open ../$filename: $!"; | |
37 | next; | |
4e42dfb1 | 38 | } |
4e860d0a | 39 | |
5b504182 NC |
40 | my ($name, $thing); |
41 | my $foundit = 0; | |
42 | { | |
43 | local $/ = ""; | |
44 | while (<MOD>) { | |
45 | next unless /^=head1 NAME/; | |
46 | $foundit++; | |
47 | last; | |
48 | } | |
49 | } | |
50 | unless ($foundit) { | |
51 | warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (OK if respective .pod exists)\n" | |
52 | unless $Quiet; | |
53 | next; | |
54 | } | |
55 | my $title = <MOD>; | |
56 | chomp $title; | |
57 | close MOD; | |
1fa7ca25 | 58 | |
5b504182 | 59 | ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2; |
4e42dfb1 | 60 | |
5b504182 NC |
61 | unless ($name and $thing) { |
62 | warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name; | |
63 | warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing or $Quiet; | |
64 | next; | |
65 | } | |
66 | ||
67 | $name =~ s/[^A-Za-z0-9_:\$<>].*//; | |
68 | $name = $exceptions{$name} || $name; | |
69 | $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i; | |
70 | $thing = ucfirst $thing; | |
71 | $title = "=item $name\n\n$thing\n\n"; | |
72 | ||
73 | if ($name =~ /[A-Z]/) { | |
74 | push @mod, $title; | |
75 | } else { | |
76 | push @pragma, $title; | |
77 | } | |
2e1d04bc JH |
78 | } |
79 | ||
cf9cbb1f NC |
80 | # Much easier to special case it like this than special case the depending on |
81 | # and parsing lib/Config.pod, or special case opening configpm and finding its | |
82 | # =head1 (which is not found with the $/="" above) | |
83 | push @mod, <<'CONFIG'; | |
84 | =item Config | |
85 | ||
86 | Access Perl configuration information | |
87 | ||
88 | CONFIG | |
89 | ||
2e1d04bc | 90 | print OUT <<'EOF'; |
c165c82a JH |
91 | =for maintainers |
92 | Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT! | |
843dbe26 | 93 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
94 | =head1 NAME |
95 | ||
96 | perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones | |
97 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
98 | =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY |
99 | ||
7ef5744c | 100 | Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described |
2e1d04bc | 101 | below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library |
7ef5744c | 102 | files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be |
2e1d04bc JH |
103 | autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated |
104 | by the installation process. You may also discover files in the | |
105 | library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are | |
106 | old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still | |
107 | run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard | |
108 | modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up | |
109 | as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may | |
110 | already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.) | |
111 | The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion, | |
112 | but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof. | |
113 | ||
114 | =head2 Pragmatic Modules | |
115 | ||
116 | They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they | |
117 | tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually | |
118 | work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these | |
119 | are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them | |
120 | by saying: | |
121 | ||
122 | no integer; | |
123 | no strict 'refs'; | |
124 | no warnings; | |
125 | ||
126 | which lasts until the end of that BLOCK. | |
127 | ||
128 | Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the | |
129 | C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, | |
130 | like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a | |
131 | variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than | |
132 | just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file | |
133 | for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no | |
134 | vars> or C<no subs>. | |
135 | ||
136 | The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation). | |
137 | ||
138 | =over 12 | |
139 | ||
140 | EOF | |
141 | ||
142 | print OUT $_ for (sort @pragma); | |
143 | ||
144 | print OUT <<EOF; | |
145 | =back | |
146 | ||
147 | =head2 Standard Modules | |
148 | ||
149 | Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined | |
150 | manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the | |
151 | Exporter module. See their own documentation for details. | |
152 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
153 | It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your |
154 | system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you | |
155 | don't have the gdbm library. | |
156 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
157 | =over 12 |
158 | ||
159 | EOF | |
160 | ||
161 | print OUT $_ for (sort @mod); | |
162 | ||
163 | print OUT <<'EOF'; | |
164 | =back | |
165 | ||
166 | To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including | |
167 | those without documentation or outside the standard release, | |
a4373870 CW |
168 | just use the following command (under the default win32 shell, |
169 | double quotes should be used instead of single quotes). | |
2e1d04bc | 170 | |
a4373870 CW |
171 | % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \ |
172 | 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ }, | |
173 | no_chdir => 1 }, @INC' | |
2e1d04bc | 174 | |
8518420c | 175 | (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) |
2e1d04bc JH |
176 | They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible |
177 | via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find> | |
178 | program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which | |
179 | generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you | |
180 | have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have | |
181 | to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no | |
182 | system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program. | |
183 | ||
8518420c RGS |
184 | Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly |
185 | incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on | |
186 | your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker | |
187 | install process.) | |
188 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
189 | =head2 Extension Modules |
190 | ||
191 | Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They | |
192 | are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, | |
da75cd15 | 193 | but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules |
2e1d04bc JH |
194 | include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX. |
195 | ||
196 | Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not | |
197 | completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time | |
198 | for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of | |
199 | platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to | |
200 | look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines | |
7ef5744c | 201 | like Alta Vista or Google. |
2e1d04bc JH |
202 | |
203 | =head1 CPAN | |
204 | ||
205 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally | |
206 | replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style | |
207 | guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and | |
208 | occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for | |
1577cd80 | 209 | CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/ |
2e1d04bc JH |
210 | |
211 | Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules, | |
212 | some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of | |
213 | modules are: | |
214 | ||
215 | =over | |
216 | ||
217 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 218 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
219 | Language Extensions and Documentation Tools |
220 | ||
221 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 222 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
223 | Development Support |
224 | ||
225 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 226 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
227 | Operating System Interfaces |
228 | ||
229 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 230 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
231 | Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication |
232 | ||
233 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 234 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
235 | Data Types and Data Type Utilities |
236 | ||
237 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 238 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
239 | Database Interfaces |
240 | ||
241 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 242 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
243 | User Interfaces |
244 | ||
245 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 246 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
247 | Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages |
248 | ||
249 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 250 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
251 | File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles) |
252 | ||
253 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 254 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
255 | String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching |
256 | ||
257 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 258 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
259 | Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing |
260 | ||
261 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 262 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
263 | Internationalization and Locale |
264 | ||
265 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 266 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
267 | Authentication, Security, and Encryption |
268 | ||
269 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 270 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
271 | World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME |
272 | ||
273 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 274 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
275 | Server and Daemon Utilities |
276 | ||
277 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 278 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
279 | Archiving and Compression |
280 | ||
281 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 282 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
283 | Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing |
284 | ||
285 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 286 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
287 | Mail and Usenet News |
288 | ||
289 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 290 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
291 | Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc) |
292 | ||
293 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 294 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
295 | File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities |
296 | ||
297 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 298 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
299 | Miscellaneous Modules |
300 | ||
301 | =back | |
302 | ||
9d169eb4 | 303 | The list of the registered CPAN sites follows. |
5df44211 JH |
304 | Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields: |
305 | ||
306 | Continent | |
307 | | | |
308 | |-->Country | |
309 | | | |
310 | |-->[state/province] | |
311 | | | |
312 | |-->ftp | |
313 | | | |
314 | |-->[http] | |
315 | ||
316 | and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the | |
317 | European and the South American sites. | |
318 | ||
9d169eb4 | 319 | Registered CPAN sites |
2e1d04bc | 320 | |
4e860d0a JH |
321 | =head2 Africa |
322 | ||
323 | =over 4 | |
324 | ||
5df44211 | 325 | =item South Africa |
4e860d0a | 326 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
327 | http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/ |
328 | ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/ | |
329 | http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/ | |
330 | ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/ | |
5df44211 | 331 | ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a JH |
332 | |
333 | =back | |
334 | ||
335 | =head2 Asia | |
336 | ||
337 | =over 4 | |
338 | ||
9d169eb4 | 339 | =item Hong Kong |
4e860d0a | 340 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
341 | http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ |
342 | ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ | |
343 | http://mirrors.geoexpat.com/cpan/ | |
c165c82a | 344 | |
9d169eb4 | 345 | =item India |
c165c82a | 346 | |
9d169eb4 | 347 | http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/ |
c165c82a | 348 | |
9d169eb4 | 349 | =item Indonesia |
c165c82a | 350 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
351 | http://cpan.biz.net.id/ |
352 | http://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/ | |
353 | ftp://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/ | |
354 | http://cpan.pesat.net.id/ | |
355 | http://mirror.unej.ac.id/cpan/ | |
356 | ftp://mirror.unej.ac.id/cpan/ | |
c165c82a | 357 | |
5df44211 | 358 | =item Japan |
c165c82a | 359 | |
5df44211 | 360 | ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
361 | ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/ |
362 | http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
363 | ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
364 | http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
365 | ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
366 | ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ |
367 | ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
368 | http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/ |
369 | ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/ | |
370 | http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/ | |
371 | ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/ | |
c165c82a | 372 | |
9d169eb4 | 373 | =item Kazakhstan |
c165c82a | 374 | |
9d169eb4 | 375 | http://mirror.linuxiso.kz/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 376 | |
9d169eb4 | 377 | =item Republic of Korea |
4e860d0a | 378 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
379 | http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN |
380 | ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN | |
381 | http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/ | |
382 | ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/ | |
383 | http://cpan.sarang.net/ | |
384 | ftp://cpan.sarang.net/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 385 | |
9d169eb4 | 386 | =item Russia |
4e860d0a | 387 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
388 | http://cpan.tomsk.ru/ |
389 | ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/ | |
4e860d0a | 390 | |
5df44211 | 391 | =item Singapore |
4e860d0a | 392 | |
5df44211 JH |
393 | http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN |
394 | ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN | |
9d169eb4 | 395 | http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/ |
5c5c2539 JH |
396 | http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org |
397 | ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan | |
4e860d0a | 398 | |
5df44211 | 399 | =item Taiwan |
4e860d0a | 400 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
401 | http://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ |
402 | ftp://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ | |
403 | http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/ | |
404 | ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/ | |
405 | ftp://ftp.ncu.edu.tw/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 | 406 | http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
407 | ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/ |
408 | http://cpan.stu.edu.tw | |
409 | ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN | |
410 | http://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN | |
411 | ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
412 | http://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/ | |
413 | ftp://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
7a142657 | 414 | |
5df44211 | 415 | =item Thailand |
4e860d0a | 416 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
417 | http://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/ |
418 | ftp://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/ | |
419 | ||
420 | =item Turkey | |
421 | ||
422 | http://cpan.gazi.edu.tr/ | |
423 | http://cpan.ulak.net.tr | |
424 | ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/pub/CPAN | |
425 | ||
426 | =item Viet Nam | |
427 | ||
428 | http://mirror-fpt-telecom.fpt.net/cpan/ | |
429 | ftp://mirror-fpt-telecom.fpt.net/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
430 | |
431 | =back | |
432 | ||
433 | =head2 Central America | |
434 | ||
435 | =over 4 | |
436 | ||
5df44211 | 437 | =item Costa Rica |
4e860d0a | 438 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
439 | http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/ |
440 | ftp://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
441 | |
442 | =back | |
443 | ||
444 | =head2 Europe | |
445 | ||
446 | =over 4 | |
447 | ||
5df44211 | 448 | =item Austria |
4e860d0a | 449 | |
2e75584a JH |
450 | http://cpan.inode.at/ |
451 | ftp://cpan.inode.at | |
9d169eb4 LB |
452 | http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
453 | ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 454 | |
5df44211 | 455 | =item Belgium |
4e860d0a | 456 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
457 | http://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/ |
458 | ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
5df44211 | 459 | http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
460 | http://cpan.weepee.org/ |
461 | http://cpan.fluoline.net/ | |
4e860d0a | 462 | |
7a142657 JH |
463 | =item Bosnia and Herzegovina |
464 | ||
465 | http://cpan.blic.net/ | |
466 | ||
5df44211 | 467 | =item Bulgaria |
4e860d0a | 468 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
469 | http://cpan.cbox.biz/ |
470 | ftp://cpan.cbox.biz/cpan/ | |
471 | http://cpan.digsys.bg/ | |
472 | ftp://ftp.digsys.bg/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 473 | |
5df44211 | 474 | =item Croatia |
4e860d0a | 475 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
476 | http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/ |
477 | ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 478 | |
5df44211 | 479 | =item Czech Republic |
4e860d0a | 480 | |
5df44211 | 481 | ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 | 482 | http://archive.cpan.cz/ |
4e860d0a | 483 | |
5df44211 | 484 | =item Denmark |
4e860d0a | 485 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
486 | http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan |
487 | ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/ | |
488 | http://www.cpan.dk/ | |
489 | http://mirror.uni-c.dk/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 490 | |
5df44211 | 491 | =item Finland |
4e860d0a | 492 | |
5df44211 | 493 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 | 494 | http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 495 | |
5df44211 | 496 | =item France |
c165c82a | 497 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
498 | http://cpan.enstimac.fr/ |
499 | ftp://ftp.inria.fr/pub/CPAN/ | |
500 | http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ | |
501 | ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ | |
5df44211 | 502 | ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
503 | http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org |
504 | ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org | |
9d169eb4 LB |
505 | http://cpan.miroir-francais.fr/ |
506 | ftp://miroir-francais.fr/pub/cpan/ | |
507 | ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
508 | http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ |
509 | ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
5df44211 JH |
510 | http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN |
511 | ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN | |
9d169eb4 | 512 | http://cpan.cict.fr/ |
5df44211 | 513 | ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/ |
c165c82a | 514 | |
5df44211 | 515 | =item Germany |
c165c82a | 516 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
517 | ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/ |
518 | http://mirrors.softliste.de/cpan/ | |
5c5c2539 | 519 | ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
520 | http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/ |
521 | http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
522 | ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
523 | http://www.mirrorspace.org/cpan/ | |
524 | http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
525 | ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
5df44211 | 526 | ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
527 | http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/ |
528 | ftp://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/ | |
529 | http://mirrors.zerg.biz/cpan/ | |
5df44211 JH |
530 | http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
531 | ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
532 | http://dl.ambiweb.de/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ |
533 | http://cpan.mirror.clusters.kg/ | |
534 | http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/ | |
535 | ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
536 | http://cpan.mirroring.de/ | |
537 | http://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
538 | ftp://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
539 | http://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
540 | ftp://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
541 | http://cpan.cpantesters.org/ | |
542 | ftp://cpan.cpantesters.org/CPAN/ | |
543 | http://cpan.mirrored.de/ | |
544 | ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
545 | http://cpan.noris.de/ |
546 | ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
547 | ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
548 | ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 549 | |
5df44211 | 550 | =item Greece |
4e860d0a | 551 | |
5df44211 JH |
552 | ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
553 | ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
554 | http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/ |
555 | ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 556 | |
5df44211 | 557 | =item Hungary |
4e860d0a | 558 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
559 | http://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/ |
560 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/mirrors/cpan/ | |
561 | http://cpan.hu/ | |
4e860d0a | 562 | |
5df44211 | 563 | =item Iceland |
4e860d0a | 564 | |
5df44211 JH |
565 | http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ |
566 | ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 567 | |
5df44211 | 568 | =item Ireland |
4e860d0a | 569 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
570 | http://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
571 | ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
572 | http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN |
573 | ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 574 | |
5df44211 | 575 | =item Italy |
4e860d0a | 576 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
577 | http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/ |
578 | http://cpan.panu.it/ | |
579 | ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/ | |
580 | http://cpan.fastbull.org/ | |
4e860d0a | 581 | |
5df44211 | 582 | =item Latvia |
4e860d0a | 583 | |
5df44211 | 584 | http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 585 | |
5df44211 | 586 | =item Lithuania |
4e860d0a | 587 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
588 | http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/ |
589 | ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/ | |
590 | ||
591 | =item Malta | |
592 | ||
593 | http://cpan.waldonet.net.mt/ | |
4e860d0a | 594 | |
5df44211 | 595 | =item Netherlands |
4e860d0a | 596 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
597 | ftp://ftp.quicknet.nl/pub/CPAN/ |
598 | http://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/ | |
599 | ftp://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/ | |
600 | http://mirrors3.kernel.org/cpan/ | |
601 | ftp://mirrors3.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
602 | http://cpan.osmirror.nl/ | |
603 | ftp://ftp.osmirror.nl/pub/cpan/ | |
604 | http://cpan.mirror.versatel.nl/ | |
605 | ftp://ftp.mirror.versatel.nl/cpan/ | |
5df44211 | 606 | ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
607 | http://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/ |
608 | ftp://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 | 609 | ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
610 | http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ |
611 | ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 | 612 | http://https://luxitude.net/cpan/ |
4e860d0a | 613 | |
5df44211 JH |
614 | =item Norway |
615 | ||
616 | ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
617 | ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ | |
618 | ||
619 | =item Poland | |
620 | ||
9d169eb4 LB |
621 | http://mirror.icis.pcz.pl/CPAN/ |
622 | ftp://mirror.icis.pcz.pl/CPAN/ | |
623 | http://piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
624 | ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
625 | http://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN | |
626 | ftp://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 | 627 | ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 | 628 | ftp://ftp.tpnet.pl/d4/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
629 | |
630 | =item Portugal | |
631 | ||
5df44211 JH |
632 | http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/ |
633 | ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN | |
9d169eb4 LB |
634 | ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/ |
635 | http://cpan.perl.pt/ | |
5df44211 JH |
636 | http://cpan.ip.pt/ |
637 | ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
638 | http://mirrors.nfsi.pt/CPAN/ |
639 | ftp://mirrors.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN/ | |
640 | http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/ | |
4e860d0a | 641 | |
5df44211 | 642 | =item Romania |
4e860d0a | 643 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
644 | http://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/ |
645 | ftp://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 646 | ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
647 | http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/ |
648 | http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
649 | ftp://ftp.hostingromania.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
5c5c2539 | 650 | ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ |
5c5c2539 | 651 | ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 652 | |
5df44211 | 653 | =item Russia |
4e860d0a | 654 | |
9d169eb4 | 655 | ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/ |
5df44211 JH |
656 | http://cpan.rinet.ru/ |
657 | ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
658 | ftp://ftp.SpringDaemons.com/pub/CPAN/ |
659 | http://cpan.nx1.ru/ | |
660 | ftp://cpan.nx1.ru/ | |
661 | http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/ | |
662 | http://ftp.silvernet.ru/CPAN/ | |
663 | http://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/ | |
664 | ftp://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 665 | |
5df44211 | 666 | =item Slovakia |
4e860d0a | 667 | |
9d169eb4 | 668 | http://cpan.fyxm.net/ |
4e860d0a | 669 | |
5df44211 | 670 | =item Slovenia |
4e860d0a | 671 | |
9d169eb4 | 672 | http://www.klevze.si/cpan |
4e860d0a | 673 | |
5df44211 | 674 | =item Spain |
4e860d0a | 675 | |
9d169eb4 | 676 | http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/ |
5df44211 | 677 | ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
678 | http://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/ |
679 | ftp://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/ | |
4e860d0a | 680 | |
5df44211 | 681 | =item Sweden |
4e860d0a | 682 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
683 | http://mirrors4.kernel.org/cpan/ |
684 | ftp://mirrors4.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 685 | |
5df44211 | 686 | =item Switzerland |
4e860d0a | 687 | |
7a142657 JH |
688 | http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/ |
689 | ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
690 | http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/ |
691 | ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 692 | |
5df44211 | 693 | =item Ukraine |
c165c82a | 694 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
695 | http://cpan.makeperl.org/ |
696 | ftp://cpan.makeperl.org/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 | 697 | http://cpan.org.ua/ |
5c5c2539 JH |
698 | http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/ |
699 | ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
700 | http://cpan.gafol.net/ |
701 | ftp://ftp.gafol.net/pub/cpan/ | |
c165c82a | 702 | |
5df44211 | 703 | =item United Kingdom |
d4858812 | 704 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
705 | http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
706 | ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
707 | http://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
708 | ftp://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
709 | http://www.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/ | |
710 | ftp://ftp.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 JH |
711 | http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/ |
712 | ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
713 | http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/ |
714 | ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 JH |
715 | http://cpan.etla.org/ |
716 | ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 | 717 | ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
718 | http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/ |
719 | ftp://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
720 | http://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
721 | ftp://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
722 | http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
723 | ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
724 | http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/ | |
725 | ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
726 | http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/ | |
727 | ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/ | |
d4858812 | 728 | |
4e860d0a JH |
729 | =back |
730 | ||
731 | =head2 North America | |
732 | ||
733 | =over 4 | |
734 | ||
9d169eb4 | 735 | =item Bahamas |
5c5c2539 | 736 | |
9d169eb4 | 737 | http://www.securehost.com/mirror/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 | 738 | |
9d169eb4 | 739 | =item Canada |
4e860d0a | 740 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
741 | http://cpan.justanotherperlhacker.com/pub/CPAN/ |
742 | ftp://cpan.justanotherperlhacker.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
743 | http://cpan.arcticnetwork.ca | |
744 | ftp://mirror.arcticnetwork.ca/pub/CPAN | |
5c5c2539 JH |
745 | http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/ |
746 | ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
747 | http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
748 | ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
749 | http://arwen.cs.dal.ca/mirror/CPAN/ |
750 | ftp://arwen.cs.dal.ca/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
751 | http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/ | |
752 | ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
5c5c2539 | 753 | ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
754 | http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
755 | ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 756 | |
5df44211 | 757 | =item Mexico |
c165c82a | 758 | |
5df44211 JH |
759 | http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/ |
760 | ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 761 | |
5c5c2539 | 762 | =item United States |
d4858812 | 763 | |
7a142657 | 764 | =over 8 |
4e860d0a | 765 | |
5df44211 | 766 | =item Alabama |
4e860d0a | 767 | |
5df44211 JH |
768 | http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ |
769 | ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 770 | |
5df44211 | 771 | =item California |
4e860d0a | 772 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
773 | http://cpan.knowledgematters.net/ |
774 | http://cpan.binkerton.com/ | |
5df44211 | 775 | http://cpan.develooper.com/ |
5df44211 | 776 | http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN |
9d169eb4 | 777 | http://cpan.schatt.com/ |
5df44211 JH |
778 | http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/ |
779 | ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN | |
9d169eb4 LB |
780 | http://mirrors2.kernel.org/cpan/ |
781 | ftp://mirrors2.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
782 | http://cpan.mirrors.redwire.net/ | |
783 | http://cpan.mirror.facebook.net/ | |
784 | http://mirrors1.kernel.org/cpan/ | |
785 | ftp://mirrors1.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 JH |
786 | http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/ |
787 | ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 | 788 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 | 789 | http://cpan.yahoo.com/ |
4e860d0a | 790 | |
9d169eb4 | 791 | =item Florida |
4e860d0a | 792 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
793 | ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
794 | http://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
795 | ftp://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
796 | http://mirror.candidhosting.com/pub/CPAN | |
797 | ftp://mirror.candidhosting.com/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 798 | |
9d169eb4 | 799 | =item Idaho |
4e860d0a | 800 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
801 | http://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/pub/cpan/ |
802 | ftp://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 803 | |
9d169eb4 | 804 | =item Illinois |
c165c82a | 805 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
806 | http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/ |
807 | http://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
808 | ftp://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
809 | http://mirrors.servercentral.net/CPAN/ | |
810 | http://www.stathy.com/CPAN/ | |
811 | ftp://www.stathy.com/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 812 | |
5df44211 | 813 | =item Indiana |
4e860d0a | 814 | |
5df44211 JH |
815 | ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
816 | http://cpan.netnitco.net/ | |
817 | ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
818 | http://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/ |
819 | ftp://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/ | |
5c5c2539 | 820 | http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 821 | |
5df44211 | 822 | =item Massachusetts |
4e860d0a | 823 | |
5df44211 | 824 | ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 825 | |
5df44211 | 826 | =item Michigan |
4e860d0a | 827 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
828 | http://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/ |
829 | ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 830 | |
9d169eb4 | 831 | =item Minnesota |
5c5c2539 | 832 | |
9d169eb4 | 833 | http://cpan.msi.umn.edu/ |
5c5c2539 | 834 | |
5df44211 | 835 | =item New Jersey |
4e860d0a | 836 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
837 | http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/ |
838 | ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 839 | |
5df44211 | 840 | =item New York |
4e860d0a | 841 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
842 | http://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/ |
843 | ftp://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
844 | http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/ | |
845 | ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/ | |
5df44211 | 846 | http://cpan.belfry.net/ |
5c5c2539 | 847 | http://cpan.erlbaum.net/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
848 | ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/ |
849 | http://cpan.hexten.net/ | |
850 | ftp://cpan.hexten.net/ | |
851 | http://ftp.fxcorporate.com/CPAN/ | |
852 | ftp://ftp.fxcorporate.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
853 | ftp://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/ | |
854 | http://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/ | |
855 | ftp://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 856 | |
5df44211 | 857 | =item North Carolina |
4e860d0a | 858 | |
9d169eb4 | 859 | http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN |
5c5c2539 | 860 | ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 861 | |
5df44211 | 862 | =item Oregon |
4e860d0a | 863 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
864 | http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/ |
865 | ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 866 | |
5df44211 | 867 | =item Pennsylvania |
4e860d0a | 868 | |
5df44211 JH |
869 | http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/ |
870 | ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ | |
5df44211 JH |
871 | http://cpan.pair.com/ |
872 | ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
873 | |
874 | =item South Carolina | |
875 | ||
876 | http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/ | |
4e860d0a | 877 | |
5df44211 | 878 | =item Tennessee |
4e860d0a | 879 | |
9d169eb4 | 880 | http://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 881 | |
5df44211 | 882 | =item Texas |
4e860d0a | 883 | |
9d169eb4 | 884 | http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 885 | |
5df44211 | 886 | =item Utah |
4e860d0a | 887 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
888 | http://cpan.cs.utah.edu |
889 | ftp://cpan.cs.utah.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 | 890 | ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 891 | |
5df44211 | 892 | =item Virginia |
4e860d0a | 893 | |
7a142657 JH |
894 | http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/ |
895 | ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
896 | http://perl.secsup.org/ |
897 | ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/ | |
9d169eb4 | 898 | ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 899 | |
5c5c2539 | 900 | =item Washington |
4e860d0a | 901 | |
5df44211 JH |
902 | http://cpan.llarian.net/ |
903 | ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 | 904 | ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ |
d4858812 | 905 | |
5df44211 | 906 | =item Wisconsin |
d4858812 | 907 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
908 | http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net |
909 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN | |
5df44211 JH |
910 | http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
911 | ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
912 | |
913 | =back | |
914 | ||
5c5c2539 JH |
915 | =back |
916 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
917 | =head2 Oceania |
918 | ||
919 | =over 4 | |
920 | ||
5df44211 | 921 | =item Australia |
4e860d0a | 922 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
923 | http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/ |
924 | ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/ | |
925 | http://cpan.mirror.aussiehq.net.au/ | |
926 | http://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/ | |
927 | ftp://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 928 | |
5df44211 | 929 | =item New Zealand |
d4858812 | 930 | |
5df44211 | 931 | ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
932 | http://cpan.inspire.net.nz |
933 | ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan | |
934 | http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/ | |
935 | ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
936 | |
937 | =back | |
938 | ||
939 | =head2 South America | |
940 | ||
941 | =over 4 | |
942 | ||
5df44211 | 943 | =item Argentina |
4e860d0a | 944 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
945 | http://cpan.patan.com.ar/ |
946 | http://cpan.localhost.net.ar | |
947 | ftp://mirrors.localhost.net.ar/pub/mirrors/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 948 | |
5df44211 | 949 | =item Brazil |
4e860d0a | 950 | |
5df44211 | 951 | ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
952 | http://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN |
953 | ftp://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN | |
954 | http://cpan.kinghost.net/ | |
955 | ftp://ftp.linorg.usp.br/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 956 | |
5df44211 | 957 | =item Chile |
4e860d0a | 958 | |
9d169eb4 LB |
959 | http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/ |
960 | ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/ | |
961 | ||
962 | =item Colombia | |
963 | ||
964 | http://www.laqee.unal.edu.co/CPAN/ | |
2e1d04bc JH |
965 | |
966 | =back | |
967 | ||
5df44211 JH |
968 | =head2 RSYNC Mirrors |
969 | ||
9d169eb4 LB |
970 | mirror.as24220.net::cpan |
971 | cpan.inode.at::CPAN | |
972 | gd.tuwien.ac.at::CPAN | |
973 | ftp.belnet.be::packages/cpan | |
974 | rsync.linorg.usp.br::CPAN | |
975 | rsync.arcticnetwork.ca::CPAN | |
976 | CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca::CPAN | |
977 | mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca::CPAN | |
7a142657 | 978 | theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
979 | www.laqee.unal.edu.co::CPAN |
980 | mirror.uni-c.dk::CPAN | |
7a142657 | 981 | rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN |
9d169eb4 | 982 | rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ |
7a142657 | 983 | mir1.ovh.net::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
984 | miroir-francais.fr::cpan |
985 | ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN | |
986 | rsync://mirror.cict.fr/cpan/ | |
987 | rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
988 | ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de::CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 989 | ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
990 | cpan.mirror.iphh.net::CPAN |
991 | cpan.cpantesters.org::cpan | |
992 | cpan.hu::CPAN | |
993 | komo.vlsm.org::CPAN | |
994 | mirror.unej.ac.id::cpan | |
995 | ftp.esat.net::/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
996 | ftp.heanet.ie::mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
997 | rsync.panu.it::CPAN | |
998 | cpan.fastbull.org::CPAN | |
999 | ftp.kddilabs.jp::cpan | |
1000 | ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp::cpan/ | |
1001 | rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
1002 | rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/ | |
1003 | mirror.linuxiso.kz::CPAN | |
1004 | rsync://mirrors3.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1005 | rsync://rsync.osmirror.nl/cpan/ | |
1006 | mirror.leaseweb.com::CPAN | |
1007 | cpan.nautile.nc::CPAN | |
1008 | mirror.icis.pcz.pl::CPAN | |
1009 | piotrkosoft.net::mirrors/CPAN | |
1010 | rsync://cpan.perl.pt/ | |
1011 | ftp.kaist.ac.kr::cpan | |
1012 | cpan.sarang.net::CPAN | |
7a142657 JH |
1013 | mirror.averse.net::cpan |
1014 | rsync.oss.eznetsols.org | |
9d169eb4 LB |
1015 | mirror.ac.za::cpan |
1016 | ftp.is.co.za::IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
1017 | rsync://ftp.gui.uva.es/cpan/ | |
1018 | rsync://mirrors4.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 1019 | ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
1020 | ftp.ulak.net.tr::CPAN |
1021 | gafol.net::cpan | |
1022 | rsync.mirrorservice.org::ftp.funet.fi/pub/ | |
1023 | rsync://rsync.mirror.8086.net/CPAN/ | |
1024 | rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN | |
1025 | mirror.bytemark.co.uk::CPAN | |
1026 | ftp.plig.net::CPAN | |
1027 | rsync://ftp.ticklers.org:CPAN/ | |
1028 | mirrors.ibiblio.org::CPAN | |
7a142657 | 1029 | cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
1030 | mirror.hiwaay.net::CPAN |
1031 | rsync://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/ | |
1032 | cpan.mirrors.tds.net::CPAN | |
1033 | mirror.its.uidaho.edu::cpan | |
1034 | rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu::cpan/ | |
1035 | ftp.fxcorporate.com::CPAN | |
1036 | rsync.atlantic.net::CPAN | |
7a142657 | 1037 | mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN |
9d169eb4 | 1038 | rsync://mirrors2.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/ |
7a142657 | 1039 | cpan.pair.com::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
1040 | rsync://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/ |
1041 | rsync://mirror.facebook.net/cpan/ | |
1042 | rsync://mirrors1.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 1043 | cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN |
5df44211 | 1044 | |
2e1d04bc | 1045 | For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, |
4e860d0a | 1046 | see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES . |
2e1d04bc JH |
1047 | |
1048 | =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse | |
1049 | ||
1050 | (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules | |
1051 | file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) | |
1052 | ||
1053 | Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a | |
1054 | package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a | |
1055 | namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be | |
1056 | used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its | |
1057 | first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), | |
1058 | or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). | |
1059 | ||
1060 | A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same | |
1061 | name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be | |
1062 | called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of | |
1063 | its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be | |
1064 | totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module | |
1065 | might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on | |
1066 | demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to | |
1067 | exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about | |
1068 | the AUTOLOAD mechanism. | |
1069 | ||
1070 | =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation | |
1071 | ||
1072 | =over 4 | |
1073 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1074 | =item * |
1075 | ||
1076 | Do similar modules already exist in some form? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1077 | |
1078 | If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or | |
1079 | by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not | |
1080 | practical try to get together with the module authors to work on | |
1081 | extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. | |
1082 | A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing | |
1083 | with command line options. | |
1084 | ||
1085 | If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of | |
1086 | modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It | |
1087 | helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction | |
1088 | scheme as the original author. | |
1089 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1090 | =item * |
1091 | ||
1092 | Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1093 | |
1094 | Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>). | |
1095 | Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks | |
1096 | of code that need less warnings. | |
1097 | ||
1098 | Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless | |
1099 | into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, | |
1100 | e.g.,: | |
1101 | ||
1102 | sub new { | |
1103 | my $class = shift; | |
1104 | return bless {}, $class; | |
1105 | } | |
1106 | ||
1107 | or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static | |
1108 | or a virtual method. | |
1109 | ||
1110 | sub new { | |
1111 | my $self = shift; | |
1112 | my $class = ref($self) || $self; | |
1113 | return bless {}, $class; | |
1114 | } | |
1115 | ||
1116 | Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later | |
1117 | (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where | |
1118 | appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones. | |
1119 | Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate. | |
1120 | ||
1121 | Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>. | |
1122 | Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all. | |
1123 | Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired | |
1124 | class names as far as possible. | |
1125 | ||
1126 | Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and | |
1127 | C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details). | |
1128 | ||
1129 | Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a | |
1130 | burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to | |
1131 | the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying: | |
1132 | ||
1133 | eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller(); | |
1134 | ||
1135 | Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say | |
1136 | C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able | |
1137 | to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example, | |
63acfd00 | 1138 | does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >> |
1139 | into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1140 | |
1141 | Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it | |
1142 | difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state | |
1143 | information in objects. | |
1144 | ||
1145 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1146 | ||
1147 | Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>). | |
1148 | Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks | |
1149 | of code that need less strictness. | |
1150 | ||
1151 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1152 | ||
ba555bf5 | 1153 | Follow the guidelines in L<perlstyle>. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1154 | |
1155 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1156 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1157 | =item * |
1158 | ||
1159 | Some simple style guidelines | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1160 | |
1161 | The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points. | |
1162 | ||
1163 | Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their | |
1164 | style over several years as they learn what helps them write and | |
1165 | maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that | |
1166 | seem to be widely used by experienced developers: | |
1167 | ||
1168 | Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read | |
1169 | $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for | |
1170 | non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works | |
1171 | consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS. | |
1172 | ||
1173 | Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally | |
1174 | reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer | |
1175 | and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and | |
1176 | use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable). | |
1177 | ||
1178 | You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope | |
1179 | or nature of a variable. For example: | |
1180 | ||
1181 | $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars) | |
1182 | $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static | |
1183 | $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables | |
1184 | ||
1185 | Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. | |
1186 | e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>. | |
1187 | ||
1188 | You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or | |
1189 | function should not be used outside the package that defined it. | |
1190 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1191 | =item * |
1192 | ||
1193 | Select what to export. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1194 | |
1195 | Do NOT export method names! | |
1196 | ||
1197 | Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason! | |
1198 | ||
1199 | Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must | |
1200 | export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid | |
1201 | short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes. | |
1202 | ||
1203 | Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the | |
1204 | module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>) | |
1205 | syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to | |
1206 | indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use. | |
1207 | ||
1208 | (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: | |
1209 | C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that | |
1210 | directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol | |
1211 | table.) | |
1212 | ||
1213 | As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented | |
1214 | then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then | |
1215 | @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution. | |
1216 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1217 | =item * |
1218 | ||
1219 | Select a name for the module. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1220 | |
1221 | This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as | |
1222 | possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or | |
1223 | more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special | |
1224 | about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use | |
1225 | nested module names to group informally or categorize a module. | |
1226 | There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name. | |
1227 | Module names should begin with a capital letter. | |
1228 | ||
1229 | Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone | |
1230 | (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-). | |
1231 | Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others. | |
1232 | If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc. | |
1233 | ||
1234 | If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good | |
1235 | practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will | |
1236 | avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View, | |
1237 | Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide. | |
1238 | ||
1239 | If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's | |
1240 | standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in | |
1241 | those modules. | |
1242 | ||
4844a3be SP |
1243 | If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, |
1244 | that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure | |
1245 | that their names will not clash with any future public module. You | |
1246 | can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by | |
1247 | using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*. | |
1248 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1249 | To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to |
1250 | 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is | |
1251 | unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier. | |
1252 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1253 | =item * |
1254 | ||
1255 | Have you got it right? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1256 | |
1257 | How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you | |
1258 | picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have | |
1259 | you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions? | |
1260 | ||
1261 | The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions, | |
1262 | is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about | |
1263 | all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask. | |
1264 | ||
1265 | All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its | |
1266 | purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is | |
1267 | probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored | |
1268 | by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!) | |
1269 | ||
1270 | Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be | |
1271 | ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting | |
1272 | others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you! | |
1273 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1274 | =item * |
1275 | ||
1276 | README and other Additional Files. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1277 | |
1278 | It's well known that software developers usually fully document the | |
1279 | software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of | |
1280 | your software and there is not enough time to write the full | |
1281 | documentation please at least provide a README file containing: | |
1282 | ||
1283 | =over 10 | |
1284 | ||
1285 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1286 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1287 | A description of the module/package/extension etc. |
1288 | ||
1289 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1290 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1291 | A copyright notice - see below. |
1292 | ||
1293 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1294 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1295 | Prerequisites - what else you may need to have. |
1296 | ||
1297 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1298 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1299 | How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc. |
1300 | ||
1301 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1302 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1303 | How to install it. |
1304 | ||
1305 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1306 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1307 | Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities |
1308 | ||
1309 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1310 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1311 | Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future. |
1312 | ||
1313 | =back | |
1314 | ||
1315 | If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to | |
1316 | split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL, | |
1317 | Copying, ToDo etc. | |
1318 | ||
1319 | =over 4 | |
1320 | ||
c165c82a | 1321 | =item * |
2e1d04bc | 1322 | |
c165c82a | 1323 | Adding a Copyright Notice. |
ac634a9a | 1324 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1325 | How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. |
1326 | The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make | |
1327 | a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work. | |
1328 | ||
2a551100 JH |
1329 | Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL |
1330 | and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic, | |
1331 | or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT | |
1332 | just using the GNU GPL. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1333 | |
1334 | My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the | |
1335 | Perl community at large is to state something simply like: | |
1336 | ||
1337 | Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved. | |
1338 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
1339 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. | |
1340 | ||
1341 | This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may | |
1342 | also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files. | |
1343 | Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright. | |
1344 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1345 | =item * |
1346 | ||
1347 | Give the module a version/issue/release number. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1348 | |
1349 | To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you | |
1350 | should store your module's version number in a non-my package | |
1351 | variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point | |
1352 | number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths, | |
1353 | e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version. | |
1354 | See L<Exporter> for details. | |
1355 | ||
1356 | It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number. | |
1357 | Use the number in announcements and archive file names when | |
1358 | releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). | |
1359 | See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details. | |
1360 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1361 | =item * |
1362 | ||
1363 | How to release and distribute a module. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1364 | |
1365 | It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your | |
1366 | module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce | |
1367 | Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off | |
1368 | distribution. | |
1369 | ||
1370 | If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should | |
1371 | include details of its location in your announcement. | |
1372 | ||
1373 | Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file | |
1374 | name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories | |
1375 | will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your | |
1376 | file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification | |
1377 | message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get | |
1378 | deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed | |
1379 | and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its | |
1380 | location. | |
1381 | ||
1382 | FTP Archives for Perl Modules: | |
1383 | ||
1384 | Follow the instructions and links on: | |
1385 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
1386 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html |
1387 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1388 | |
1389 | or upload to one of these sites: | |
1390 | ||
1391 | https://pause.kbx.de/pause/ | |
e59066d8 | 1392 | http://pause.perl.org/ |
2e1d04bc JH |
1393 | |
1394 | and notify <modules@perl.org>. | |
1395 | ||
1396 | By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror | |
1397 | your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on | |
1398 | CPAN! | |
1399 | ||
1400 | Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list! | |
1401 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1402 | =item * |
1403 | ||
1404 | Take care when changing a released module. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1405 | |
1406 | Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. | |
1407 | Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the | |
1408 | old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes. | |
1409 | ||
1410 | =back | |
1411 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1412 | =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules |
1413 | ||
1414 | =over 4 | |
1415 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1416 | =item * |
1417 | ||
1418 | There is no requirement to convert anything. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1419 | |
1420 | If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should | |
1421 | continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor | |
1422 | changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but | |
1423 | there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that. | |
1424 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1425 | =item * |
1426 | ||
1427 | Consider the implications. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1428 | |
1429 | All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to | |
1430 | be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is | |
1431 | it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time? | |
1432 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1433 | =item * |
1434 | ||
1435 | Make the most of the opportunity. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1436 | |
1437 | If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the | |
1438 | opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module | |
1439 | creation above include many of the issues you should consider. | |
1440 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1441 | =item * |
1442 | ||
1443 | The pl2pm utility will get you started. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1444 | |
1445 | This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write | |
1446 | corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: | |
1447 | ||
1448 | =over 10 | |
1449 | ||
1450 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1451 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1452 | Adds the standard Module prologue lines |
1453 | ||
1454 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1455 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1456 | Converts package specifiers from ' to :: |
1457 | ||
1458 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1459 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1460 | Converts die(...) to croak(...) |
1461 | ||
1462 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1463 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1464 | Several other minor changes |
1465 | ||
1466 | =back | |
1467 | ||
1468 | Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted | |
1469 | code will need careful checking, especially any package statements. | |
1470 | Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works! | |
1471 | ||
1472 | =back | |
1473 | ||
1474 | =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code | |
1475 | ||
1476 | =over 4 | |
1477 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1478 | =item * |
1479 | ||
1480 | Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. | |
1481 | ||
1482 | =item * | |
2e1d04bc | 1483 | |
ac634a9a | 1484 | Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1485 | |
1486 | Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy | |
1487 | to reuse. | |
1488 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1489 | =item * |
1490 | ||
1491 | Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. | |
1492 | ||
1493 | =item * | |
1494 | ||
1495 | Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. | |
2e1d04bc | 1496 | |
ac634a9a | 1497 | =item * |
2e1d04bc | 1498 | |
ac634a9a | 1499 | In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small |
2e1d04bc JH |
1500 | |
1501 | fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases | |
1502 | the application could invoked as: | |
1503 | ||
1504 | % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ... | |
1505 | or | |
1506 | % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher) | |
1507 | ||
1508 | =back | |
1509 | ||
345e2394 JV |
1510 | =back |
1511 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1512 | =head1 NOTE |
1513 | ||
1514 | Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may | |
1515 | have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl | |
1516 | doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer | |
1517 | that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not | |
1518 | because it has a shotgun. | |
1519 | ||
1520 | The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law, | |
1521 | and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is | |
1522 | that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The | |
1523 | written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other | |
1524 | provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that | |
1525 | you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences. | |
1526 | EOF | |
1527 | ||
1528 | close MANIFEST or warn "$0: failed to close MANIFEST (../MANIFEST): $!"; | |
b7da254d | 1529 | close OUT or warn "$0: failed to close OUT (perlmodlib.pod): $!"; |
2e1d04bc | 1530 |